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HIV Surveillance Special Report
Table 1. Selected characteristics of transgender women—National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 7 U.S. cities, 2019–2020
HIV-negativea
No.
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥ 50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinad
Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
13
Gender identitye
Woman
Man
Transgender woman
Transgender man
Gender not listed
Education
Less than high school
High school diploma or equivalent
Some college or technical degree
College degree or more
Household incomef
At or below the federal poverty level
Above the federal poverty level
Health insurance
Yes
No
Visited a health care provider, past 12 months
Yes
No
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Homeless,g past 12 months
Yes
No
%
HIV-positiveb
No.
%
No valid NHBS HIV
test resultc
No.
%
Total
No.
%
HIV Surveillance Special Report
Table 1. Selected characteristics of transgender women—National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 7 U.S. cities, 2019–2020 (cont)
HIV-negativea
No.
%
HIV-positiveb
No.
%
No valid NHBS HIV
test resultc
No.
%
Total
No.
Incarcerated,h past 12 months
Yes
No
City
Atlanta, GA
Los Angeles, CA
New Orleans, LA
New York City, NY
Philadelphia, PA
San Francisco, CA
Seattle, WA
Total
Abbreviation: NHBS, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance.
Note. “Past 12 months” refers to the 12 months before interview.
14
a Participants with a valid negative NHBS HIV test result.
b Participants with a reactive rapid NHBS HIV test result supported by a second rapid test or supplemental laboratory-based testing.
c Participants who did not have a valid positive or negative NHBS HIV test result, including those who did not consent to the HIV test, had an indeterminate laboratory result,
had discordant rapid test results, or reported a previous HIV-positive test result but had a negative NHBS HIV test result.
d Hispanics/Latinas can be of any race.
e Percentages do not sum to 100% because participants were able to select more than 1 gender identity. Gender identities are not mutually exclusive.
f Poverty level is based on household income and household size.
g Living on the street, in a shelter, in a single-room–occupancy hotel, or in a car.
h Having been held in a detention center, jail, or prison for more than 24 hours.
%
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Table 2. HIV prevalence among transgender women—National
HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 7 U.S. cities, 2019–2020
HIV-positivea
No.
%
Total No.
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥ 50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinab
Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
City
Atlanta, GA
Los Angeles, CA
New Orleans, LA
New York City, NY
Philadelphia, PA
San Francisco, CA
Seattle, WA
Total
Abbreviation: NHBS, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance [footnotes only].
Note. Data include participants with a valid NHBS HIV test result.
a Participants with a reactive rapid NHBS HIV test result supported by a second rapid
test or supplemental laboratory-based testing.
b Hispanics/Latinas can be of any race.
HIV Surveillance Special Report
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Table 3. HIV testing among transgender women—National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 7 U.S. cities, 2019–2020
Tested in past 12 monthsa
Ever tested
No.
%
No.
%
Total No.
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥ 50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinab
Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
City
Atlanta, GA
Los Angeles, CA
New Orleans, LA
New York City, NY
Philadelphia, PA
San Francisco, CA
Seattle, WA
Total
Note. Data include all participants who did not report a previous HIV-positive test result and participants who received their first HIV-positive test result
less than 12 months before interview.
a “Past 12 months” refers to the 12 months before interview.
b Hispanics/Latinas can be of any race.
HIV Surveillance Special Report
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Table 4. Setting of most recent HIV test among transgender women who were tested for HIV in the 12 months
before interview—National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 7 U.S. cities, 2019–2020
Clinical settinga
No.
%
Nonclinical settingb
No.
%
Total No.
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥ 50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinac
Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
City
Atlanta, GA
Los Angeles, CA
New Orleans, LA
New York City, NY
Philadelphia, PA
San Francisco, CA
Seattle, WA
Total
Abbreviation: HMO, health maintenance organization [footnotes only].
Note. Data report setting of most recent HIV test or first positive HIV test for participants who received their first HIV-positive test result less
than 12 months before interview. Percentages may not add to 100% because of missing data and “other” locations, which could not be
classified as clinical or nonclinical settings.
a Clinical settings include private doctor’s office (including HMO), emergency department, hospital (inpatient), public health clinic or community health
center, family planning or obstetrics clinic, correctional facility, or drug treatment program.
b Nonclinical settings include HIV counseling and testing site, HIV street outreach program or mobile unit, syringe services program, or home.
c Hispanics/Latinas can be of any race.
HIV Surveillance Special Report
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HIV Surveillance Special Report
Table 5a.Anal sex among transgender women in the 12 months before interview—National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 7 U.S. cities, 2019–2020
Insertivea anal sex only
Totalc
No.
18
HIV-negativef
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥ 50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/
Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African
American
Hispanic/Latinog
Native Hawaiian/other
Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
HIV-positiveh
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥ 50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/
Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African
American
Hispanic/Latinog
Native Hawaiian/other
Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
Receptiveb anal sex only
Condomlesse
%
No.
%
Totalc
No.
Both insertivea and receptiveb anal sex
Condomlesse
%
No.
%
Totalc
No.
%
Condomlesse
No anal sexc,d
No.
No.
%
%
Total No.
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HIV Surveillance Special Report
Table 5a.Anal sex among transgender women in the 12 months before interview—National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 7 U.S. cities, 2019–2020 (cont)
Insertivea anal sex only
Totalc
No.
Receptiveb anal sex only
Condomlesse
%
No.
%
Totalc
No.
Both insertivea and receptiveb anal sex
Condomlesse
%
No.
%
Totalc
No.
%
Condomlesse
No anal sexc,d
No.
No.
%
%
Total No.
No valid NHBS HIV
test resulti
Total
Abbreviation: NHBS, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance.
a The participant reported putting their penis in a sex partner’s butt or back hole during the 12 months before interview.
b The participant reported a sex partner putting their penis in the participant’s butt or back hole during the 12 months before interview.
c
The categories—insertive anal sex, receptive anal sex, both insertive and receptive anal sex, and no anal sex—are mutually exclusive.
d The participant reported neither insertive anal sex nor receptive anal sex with a sex partner during the 12 months before interview. Includes participants who had oral sex but not anal sex with a sex partner.
e The participant reported condomless sex with a sex partner during the 12 months before interview.
f Participants with a valid negative NHBS HIV test result.
g Hispanics/Latinas can be of any race.
h Participants with a reactive rapid NHBS HIV test result supported by a second rapid test or supplemental laboratory-based testing.
i Participants who did not have a valid positive or negative NHBS HIV test result, including those who did not consent to the HIV test, had an indeterminate laboratory result, had discordant rapid test results, or reported a previous HIV-positive test
result but had a negative NHBS HIV test result.
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HIV Surveillance Special Report
Table 5b.Vaginal sex among transgender women in the 12 months before interview—National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 7 U.S. cities, 2019–2020
Insertivea vaginal sex only
Totalc
No.
20
HIV-negativef
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥ 50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/
Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African
American
Hispanic/Latinog
Native Hawaiian/other
Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
HIV-positiveh
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥ 50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/
Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African
American
Hispanic/Latinog
Native Hawaiian/other
Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
Receptiveb vaginal sex only
Condomlesse
%
No.
%
Totalc
No.
Both insertivea and receptiveb vaginal sex
Condomlesse
%
No.
%
Totalc
No.
Condomlesse
%
No.
%
No vaginal sexc,d
No.
%
Total No.
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HIV Surveillance Special Report
Table 5b.Vaginal sex among transgender women in the 12 months before interview—National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 7 U.S. cities, 2019–2020 (cont)
Insertivea vaginal sex only
Totalc
No.
Receptiveb vaginal sex only
Condomlesse
%
No.
%
Totalc
No.
Both insertivea and receptiveb vaginal sex
Condomlesse
%
No.
%
Totalc
No.
Condomlesse
%
No.
%
No vaginal sexc,d
No.
%
Total No.
No valid NHBS HIV
test resulti
Total
Abbreviation: NHBS, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance.
a The participant reported putting their penis in a sex partner’s vagina or front hole during the 12 months before interview.
b The participant reported a sex partner putting their penis in the participant’s vagina or front hole during the 12 months before interview.
c The categories—insertive vaginal sex, receptive vaginal sex, both insertive and receptive vaginal sex, and no vaginal sex—are mutually exclusive.
d The participant reported neither insertive vaginal sex nor receptive vaginal sex with a sex partner during the 12 months before interview. Includes participants who had oral sex but not vaginal sex with a sex partner.
e The participant reported condomless sex with a sex partner during the 12 months before interview.
f Participants with a valid negative NHBS HIV test result.
g Hispanics/Latinas can be of any race.
h Participants with a reactive rapid NHBS HIV test result supported by a second rapid test or supplemental laboratory-based testing.
i Participants who did not have a valid positive or negative NHBS HIV test result, including those who did not consent to the HIV test, had an indeterminate laboratory result, had discordant rapid test results, or reported a previous HIV-positive test
result but had a negative NHBS HIV test result.
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HIV Surveillance Special Report
Table 6a. Receipt of HIV prevention materials and services in the 12 months before interview among transgender women—National HIV Behavioral
Surveillance, 7 U.S. cities, 2019–2020
Free condomsa
No.
%
Individual- or
group-level interventionb
No.
%
PrEP awarenessc
No.
%
PrEP used
No.
%
Total No.
HIV-negativee
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥ 50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinaf
Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
22
HIV-positiveg
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥ 50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinaf
Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
No valid NHBS HIV test resulth
Total
Abbreviations: NHBS, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance; PrEP, preexposure prophylaxis.
a Excludes condoms received from friends, relatives, or sex partners.
b Individual-level intervention defined as a one-on-one conversation with an outreach worker, a counselor, or a prevention program worker about ways to prevent HIV. Group-level intervention defined as
a small-group discussion that is part of an organized session about ways to prevent HIV; excludes informal discussions with friends. Conversations that were part of obtaining an HIV test were excluded.
c Ever heard of PrEP, an antiretroviral medicine taken for months or years by a person who is HIV-negative to reduce the risk of getting HIV.
d Took PrEP at any point in the 12 months before interview to reduce the risk of getting HIV.
e Participants with a valid negative NHBS HIV test result.
f Hispanics/Latinas can be of any race.
No. 27
g Participants with a reactive rapid NHBS HIV test result supported by a second rapid test or supplemental laboratory-based testing.
h Participants who did not have a valid positive or negative NHBS HIV test result, including those who did not consent to the HIV test, had an indeterminate laboratory result, had discordant rapid test
results, or reported a previous HIV-positive test result but had a negative NHBS HIV test result.
HIV Surveillance Special Report
Table 6b.Receipt of HIV prevention materials and services in the 12 months before interview among transgender women, by area of residence—National HIV
Behavioral Surveillance, 7 U.S. cities, 2019–2020
Free condomsa
No.
%
Individual- or
group-level interventionb
No.
%
PrEP awarenessc
No.
%
PrEP used
No.
%
Total No.
HIV-negativee
City
Atlanta, GA
Los Angeles, CA
New Orleans, LA
New York City, NY
Philadelphia, PA
San Francisco, CA
Seattle, WA
23
HIV-positivef
City
Atlanta, GA
Los Angeles, CA
New Orleans, LA
New York City, NY
Philadelphia, PA
San Francisco, CA
Seattle, WA
Total
Abbreviations: NHBS, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance; PrEP, preexposure prophylaxis.
a Excludes condoms received from friends, relatives, or sex partners.
b Individual-level intervention defined as a one-on-one conversation with an outreach worker, a counselor, or a prevention program worker about ways to prevent HIV. Group-level intervention defined as
a small-group discussion that is part of an organized session about ways to prevent HIV; excludes informal discussions with friends. Conversations that were part of obtaining an HIV test were excluded.
c Ever heard of PrEP, an antiretroviral medicine taken for months or years by a person who is HIV-negative to reduce the risk of getting HIV.
d Took PrEP at any point in the 12 months before interview to reduce the risk of getting HIV.
e Participants with a valid negative NHBS HIV test result.
f Participants with a reactive rapid NHBS HIV test result supported by a second rapid test or supplemental laboratory-based testing.
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Table 7. Receipt of HIV care and treatment among self-reported HIV-positive transgender women—National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 7 U.S.
cities, 2019–2020
Visited health care provider about HIV
Within 1 month
after diagnosis
Ever
No.
%
No.
%
During past 6 months
No.
%
Currently taking
antiretrovirals
No.
%
Total No.
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥ 50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinoa
Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
City
Atlanta, GA
Los Angeles, CA
New Orleans, LA
New York City, NY
Philadelphia, PA
San Francisco, CA
Seattle, WA
Total
Abbreviation: NHBS, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance [footnotes only].
Note. Data include all participants who reported having ever received an HIV-positive test result (which may include those who did not have a valid NHBS test result, positive or
negative, or who did not consent to the HIV test). “Past 6 months” refers to the 6 months before interview.
a Hispanics/Latinas can be of any race.
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Table 8.
Drug use in the 12 months before interview and binge drinking in the 30
days before interview among transgender women—National HIV
Behavioral Surveillance, 7 U.S. cities, 2019–2020
Used drug
No.
%
HIV-negativea
Binge drinking (past 30 days)b
Any injection drugs
Any noninjection drugs (excludes binge drinking)
Cocaine
Crack
Downersc
Heroin
Marijuana
Methamphetamine
Prescription opioidsd
HIV-positivee
Binge drinking (past 30 days)b
Any injection drugs
Any noninjection drugs (excludes binge drinking)
Cocaine
Crack
Downersc
Heroin
Marijuana
Methamphetamine
Prescription opioidsd
No valid NHBS HIV test resultf
Binge drinking (past 30 days)b
Any injection drugs
Any noninjection drugs (excludes binge drinking)
Cocaine
Crack
Downersc
Heroin
Marijuana
Methamphetamine
Prescription opioidsd
Disclaimer: The use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Department
of Health and Human Services or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Abbreviation: NHBS, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance.
Note. Denominator is the total number of participants in the category; HIV-negative participants: n = 902;
HIV-positive participants: n = 659; participants without a valid NHBS HIV test result: n = 47. Responses are not
mutually exclusive; percentages may not add to 100.
a Participants with a valid negative NHBS HIV test result.
b Defined as 5 or more drinks within about 2 hours during the 30 days before interview.
c Benzodiazepines, such as Klonopin, Valium, Ativan, or Xanax.
d Painkillers, such as OxyContin, Vicodin, morphine, or Percocet.
e Participants with a reactive rapid NHBS HIV test result supported by a second rapid test or supplemental
laboratory-based testing.
f Participants who did not have a valid positive or negative NHBS HIV test result, including those who did not
consent to the HIV test, had an indeterminate laboratory result, had discordant rapid test results, or reported a
previous HIV-positive test result but had a negative NHBS HIV test result.
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HIV Surveillance Special Report
Table 9. Gender affirming medical treatment among transgender women—National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 7 U.S. cities, 2019–2020
Surgery for gender affirmationa
Had surgery for gender affirmationa
Want more surgery for
gender affirmationb
No.
HIV-negativee
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥ 50
26
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/
Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinof
Native Hawaiian/other
Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
HIV-positiveg
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥ 50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/
Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinof
Native Hawaiian/other
Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
%
Did not have surgery for gender affirmationa
Do not want more
surgery for gender
affirmationb
No.
%
Want to have surgery
for gender affirmationc
No.
%
Do not want to have
surgery for gender
affirmationc
No.
%
Hormone use for gender affirmation
Currently taking
hormones for gender
affirmation
No.
%
Want to take hormones
for gender affirmationd
No.
%
Do not want to take
hormones for gender
affirmationd
No.
%
Total No.
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HIV Surveillance Special Report
Table 9. Gender affirming medical treatment among transgender women—National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 7 U.S. cities, 2019–2020 (cont)
Surgery for gender affirmationa
Had surgery for gender affirmationa
Want more surgery for
gender affirmationb
No.
%
Did not have surgery for gender affirmationa
Do not want more
surgery for gender
affirmationb
No.
%
Want to have surgery
for gender affirmationc
No.
%
Do not want to have
surgery for gender
affirmationc
No.
%
Hormone use for gender affirmation
Currently taking
hormones for gender
affirmation
No.
%
Want to take hormones
for gender affirmationd
No.
%
Do not want to take
hormones for gender
affirmationd
No.
%
Total No.
No valid NHBS HIV test
resulth
Total
Abbreviation: NHBS, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance.
a Surgeries include vaginoplasty (turns a penis into a vagina), orchiectomy (removes the testicles), or breast augmentation (to make breasts bigger).
b Participants were asked whether they wanted more surgeries (from vaginoplasty, orchiectomy, and/or breast augmentation) if they reported having vaginoplasty, orchiectomy, or breast augmentation.
c Participants were asked whether they wanted a vaginoplasty, orchiectomy, and/or breast augmentation if they reported not having vaginoplasty, orchiectomy, or breast augmentation.
d Participants who are not currently taking hormones were asked whether they want to take hormones for gender affirmation.
e Participants with a valid negative NHBS HIV test result.
f Hispanics/Latinas can be of any race.
27
g Participants with a reactive rapid NHBS HIV test result supported by a second rapid test or supplemental laboratory-based testing.
h Participants who did not have a valid positive or negative NHBS HIV test result, including those who did not consent to the HIV test, had an indeterminate laboratory result, had discordant rapid test results, or reported a previous HIV-positive test
result but had a negative NHBS HIV test result.
No. 27
Table 10. Additional sexual behavior outcomes among transgender women—National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 7 U.S. cities,
2019–2020
Exchange sexa
Number of sex partners
Median (Q1–Q3)
No.
%
Condomless sex with an
HIV-discordant partner at
last sexb
No.
%
Total No.
HIV-negativee
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥ 50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinof
Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
HIV-positiveg
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥ 50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinof
Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
No valid NHBS HIV test resulth
Total
Abbreviations: Q, quartile; NHBS, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance.
Note. Unless otherwise stated, outcomes are reported for the 12 months before interview.
a “Exchange sex” refers to receiving money or drugs from a sex partner in exchange for sex.
b “Condomless sex” refers to whether the participant reported engaging in vaginal or anal sex without a condom during their most recent sexual encounter (“last sex”). “HIV-
discordant partner” refers to a sex partner of different or unknown HIV status.
c Participants with a valid negative NHBS HIV test result.
d Hispanics/Latinas can be of any race.
e Participants with a reactive rapid NHBS HIV test result supported by a second rapid test or supplemental laboratory-based testing.
f Participants who did not have a valid positive or negative NHBS HIV test result, including those who did not consent to the HIV test, had an indeterminate laboratory result,
had discordant rapid test results, or reported a previous HIV-positive test result but had a negative NHBS HIV test result.
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Table 11. Abuse and harassment among transgender women in the 12 months before interview—National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 7 U.S.
cities, 2019–2020
Verbally abused or
harasseda
No.
%
Physically abused or
harassedb
No.
%
Physically abused or
harassed by a sexual
partnerc
No.
%
Forced sexd
No.
%
Total No.
HIV-negativee
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥ 50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinof
Native Hawaiian/other
Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
HIV-positiveg
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥ 50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinof
Native Hawaiian/other Pacific
Islander
White
Multiple races
No valid NHBS HIV test resulth
Total
Abbreviation: NHBS, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance.
a Verbally abused or harassed because of gender identity or presentation in the past 12 months.
b Physically abused or harassed because of gender identity or presentation in the past 12 months.
c Physically abused or harassed by a sexual partner in the past 12 months.
d Physically forced or verbally threatened to have any sexual contact when they did not want to in the past 12 months.
e Participants with a valid negative NHBS HIV test result.
f Hispanics/Latinas can be of any race.
g Participants with a reactive rapid NHBS HIV test result supported by a second rapid test or supplemental laboratory-based testing.
h Participants who did not have a valid positive or negative NHBS HIV test result, including those who did not consent to the HIV test, had an indeterminate laboratory result, had discordant rapid
test results, or reported a previous HIV-positive test result but had a negative NHBS HIV test result.
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Table 12. Suicidal ideation and behavior among transgender women in the 12 months before interview—National HIV Behavioral
Surveillance, 7 U.S. cities, 2019–2020
Seriously thought
about suicidea
No.
Made plans for suicide
%
No.
%
Attempted suicide
No.
%
Total No.
HIV-negativeb
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥ 50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinoc
Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
HIV-positived
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥ 50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinoc
Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
No valid NHBS HIV test resulte
Total
Abbreviation: NHBS, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance.
a Seriously thought about trying to kill themselves in the past 12 months.
b Participants with a valid negative NHBS HIV test result.
c Hispanics/Latinas can be of any race.
d Participants with a reactive rapid NHBS HIV test result supported by a second rapid test or supplemental laboratory-based testing.
e Participants who did not have a valid positive or negative NHBS HIV test result, including those who did not consent to the HIV test, had an indeterminate laboratory result,
had discordant rapid test results, or reported a previous HIV-positive test result but had a negative NHBS HIV test result.
HIV Surveillance Special Report
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| File Type | application/pdf |
| File Title | HIV Infection, Risk, Prevention, and Testing Behaviors Among Transgender Women—National HIV Behavioral Surveillance: 7 U.S. Citi |
| Subject | HIV infection, risk, prevention, and testing behaviors among transgender women |
| Author | CDC/NCHHSTP/DHAP/BCSB |
| File Modified | 2021-06-17 |
| File Created | 1998-03-25 |