BLS Employment Situation - Oct 2022

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, November 4, 2022

USDL-22-2097

Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378 • [email protected] • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • [email protected] • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact:

(202) 691-5902 • [email protected]

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — OCTOBER 2022
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 261,000 in October, and the unemployment rate
rose to 3.7 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Notable job gains occurred in
health care, professional and technical services, and manufacturing.
Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted,
October 2019 – October 2022

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,
October 2019 – October 2022
Percent

Thousands

16.0

160,000

14.0

155,000

12.0

150,000

10.0

145,000

8.0

140,000

6.0

135,000

4.0

130,000

2.0

Oct-19

Apr-20

Oct-20

Apr-21

Oct-21

Apr-22

Oct-22

125,000

Oct-19

Apr-20

Oct-20

Apr-21

Oct-21

Apr-22

Oct-22

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor
force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey
measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the
concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.
Hurricane Ian
Hurricane Ian had no discernible effect on the national employment and unemployment data for
October. BLS will release the regional and state estimates on November 18th. For information on how
unusually severe weather can affect the employment and hours estimates, see the Frequently Asked
Questions section of this news release.

Household Survey Data
The unemployment rate increased by 0.2 percentage point to 3.7 percent in October, and the number of
unemployed persons rose by 306,000 to 6.1 million. The unemployment rate has been in a narrow
range of 3.5 percent to 3.7 percent since March. (See table A-1.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult women (3.4 percent) and Whites
(3.2 percent) rose in October. The jobless rates for adult men (3.3 percent), teenagers (11.0 percent),
Blacks (5.9 percent), Asians (2.9 percent), and Hispanics (4.2 percent) showed little or no change over
the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
Among the unemployed, the number of permanent job losers changed little at 1.2 million in October,
and the number of persons on temporary layoff also changed little at 847,000. (See table A-11.)
The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little changed at 1.2
million in October. The long-term unemployed accounted for 19.5 percent of all unemployed persons.
(See table A-12.)
The labor force participation rate, at 62.2 percent, and the employment-population ratio, at 60.0
percent, were about unchanged in October and have shown little net change since early this year. These
measures are 1.2 percentage points below their values in February 2020, prior to the coronavirus
(COVID-19) pandemic. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons was little changed at 3.7 million in
October. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time
because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)
The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was little changed at 5.7
million in October and remains above its February 2020 level of 5.0 million. These individuals were not
counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding
the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)
Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally attached to
the labor force was little changed in October at 1.5 million. These individuals wanted and were
available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for
work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the
marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, decreased by 114,000 to 371,000
in October. (See Summary table A.)
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 261,000 in October. Monthly job growth has
averaged 407,000 thus far in 2022, compared with 562,000 per month in 2021. In October, notable job
gains occurred in health care, professional and technical services, and manufacturing. (See table B-1.)
In October, employment in health care rose by 53,000, with gains in ambulatory health care services
(+31,000), nursing and residential care facilities (+11,000), and hospitals (+11,000). So far in 2022,
health care employment has increased by an average of 47,000 per month, compared with 9,000 per
month in 2021.
-2-

Professional and technical services added 43,000 jobs in October. Employment continued to trend up
in management and technical consulting services (+7,000), architectural and engineering services
(+7,000), and scientific research and development services (+5,000). Monthly job growth in professional
and technical services has averaged 41,000 thus far in 2022, compared with 53,000 per month in 2021.
Manufacturing added 32,000 jobs in October, mostly in durable goods industries (+23,000).
Manufacturing employment has increased by an average of 37,000 per month thus far this year,
compared with 30,000 per month in 2021.
Employment in social assistance increased by 19,000 in October and is slightly below (-9,000) its prepandemic level in February 2020. Within social assistance, employment in individual and family
services continued to trend up in October (+10,000).
Wholesale trade added 15,000 jobs in October. Employment in wholesale trade has increased by an
average of 17,000 per month thus far in 2022, compared with 13,000 per month in 2021.
Employment in leisure and hospitality continued to trend up in October (+35,000), with
accommodation adding 20,000 jobs. Employment in food services and drinking places changed little
over the month (+6,000). Leisure and hospitality has added an average of 78,000 jobs per month thus far
this year, less than half of the average gain of 196,000 jobs per month in 2021. Employment in leisure
and hospitality is down by 1.1 million, or 6.5 percent, from its February 2020 level.
Employment in transportation and warehousing changed little in October (+8,000). Within the
industry, job growth occurred in truck transportation (+13,000), couriers and messengers (+7,000), and
air transportation (+4,000). These gains were partially offset by a job loss in warehousing and storage
(-20,000). Monthly job growth in transportation and warehousing has averaged 25,000 thus far this year,
compared with 36,000 per month in 2021.
In October, financial activities employment was little changed (+3,000). Within the industry, job gains
in insurance carriers and related activities (+9,000) and in securities, commodity contracts, and
investments (+5,000) were partially offset by a job loss in rental and leasing services (-8,000).
Employment in financial activities has changed little over the past 6 months.
Employment changed little over the month in other major industries, including mining, construction,
retail trade, information, other services, and government.
In October, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 12 cents,
or 0.4 percent, to $32.58. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 4.7
percent. In October, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory
employees rose by 9 cents, or 0.3 percent, to $27.86. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
In October, the average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was 34.5 hours for
the fifth month in a row. In manufacturing, the average workweek for all employees was little changed
at 40.4 hours, and overtime decreased by 0.1 hour to 3.1 hours. The average workweek for production
and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls held at 34.0 hours. (See tables B-2 and
B-7.)

-3-

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for August was revised down by 23,000, from
+315,000 to +292,000, and the change for September was revised up by 52,000, from +263,000 to
+315,000. With these revisions, employment gains in August and September combined were 29,000
higher than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from
businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of
seasonal factors.)
_____________
The Employment Situation for November is scheduled to be released on Friday, December 2,
2022, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

Changes to Household Survey Supplemental Data
Four new supplemental questions were added to the household survey in October 2022 to examine the
effects of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the labor market. These new questions, which focus
on telework, replace the original supplemental questions asked from May 2020 through September
2022. Because data from the new questions will take time to process and review, the Household Survey
Supplemental Data section of the Employment Situation news release has been temporarily
discontinued. Information about the new questions, including future announcements about the
availability of data from these questions, will be available at www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-thecoronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm.

Update to the 2022 North American Industry Classification System
With the release of January 2023 data on February 3, 2023, the Current Employment Statistics (CES)
survey will revise the basis for industry classification from the 2017 North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS) to NAICS 2022. The conversion to NAICS 2022 will result in minor
revisions reflecting content and coding changes within the mining and logging, manufacturing,
wholesale trade, financial activities, and other services sectors, as well as major revisions reflecting
content and coding changes in the retail trade and information sectors. Many industry titles and
descriptions will also be updated to better reflect official NAICS titles. Approximately 10 percent of
employment will be reclassified into different industries as a result of the revision. Details of updated
titles and new, discontinued, and collapsed industries resulting from the NAICS 2022 update, as well as
changes due to the annual benchmarking process, will be available on January 6, 2023.
For more information on NAICS 2022, visit www.census.gov/naics.

-4-

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category

Oct.
2021

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022

Change from:
Sept. 2022Oct. 2022

Oct.
2022

Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force.......................................................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed.................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio......................................... .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

261,908
161,610
61.7
154,234
58.9
7,375
4.6
100,298

264,184
164,746
62.4
158,732
60.1
6,014
3.7
99,438

264,356
164,689
62.3
158,936
60.1
5,753
3.5
99,667

264,535
164,667
62.2
158,608
60.0
6,059
3.7
99,868

179
-22
-0.1
-328
-0.1
306
0.2
201

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ .

4.6
4.3
4.3
11.7
3.9
7.8
4.2
5.7

3.7
3.5
3.3
10.4
3.2
6.4
2.8
4.5

3.5
3.3
3.1
11.4
3.1
5.8
2.5
3.8

3.7
3.3
3.4
11.0
3.2
5.9
2.9
4.2

0.2
0.0
0.3
-0.4
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.4

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. .

4.0
7.3
5.4
4.3
2.4

3.0
6.2
4.2
2.9
1.9

2.8
5.6
3.7
2.9
1.8

3.0
6.3
3.9
3.0
1.9

0.2
0.7
0.2
0.1
0.1

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers..................................................................... .
Reentrants...................................................................... .
New entrants................................................................... .

3,700
845
2,206
537

2,720
898
1,836
440

2,495
905
1,840
447

2,663
862
1,886
485

168
-43
46
38

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over............................................................ .

2,051
1,876
1,001
2,339

2,223
1,807
885
1,137

2,154
1,645
899
1,067

2,211
1,783
805
1,165

57
138
-94
98

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... .

4,398
3,108
961
20,539

4,149
2,769
979
21,044

3,843
2,577
952
21,233

3,660
2,534
870
21,274

-183
-43
-82
41

Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers....................................................... .

1,685
455

1,434
366

1,600
485

1,504
371

-96
-114

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will
not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2021

Aug.
2022

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

677
694
83
2
28
53
41
34.2
12
611
12.4
43.4
50.5
-0.2
12
23
236
153.1
68
37.9
141
25
-17

292
233
43
-2
9
36
36
12.1
0
190
15.1
29.3
-1.7
1.5
7
9
29
-0.7
82
71.7
13
5
59

315
319
48
3
22
23
13
7.4
10
271
11.6
-7.6
-11.3
0.6
7
1
52
12.6
91
80.7
107
20
-4

261
233
33
0
1
32
23
4.8
9
200
14.6
7.2
8.2
1.1
4
3
39
11.8
79
71.1
35
9
28

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

539
533

374
342

381
333

289
262

Category

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (256 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing (74 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

49.8
48.4
81.6

34.8
$31.11
$1,082.63
110.0
0.5
163.6
1.2

73.0
67.6

49.9
48.4
81.5

34.5
$32.36
$1,116.42
112.9
0.2
174.7
0.5

59.8
53.4

Sept.
2022p

49.9
48.5
81.5

34.5
$32.46
$1,119.87
113.2
0.3
175.7
0.6

64.3
57.4

Oct.
2022p

49.9
48.5
81.5

34.5
$32.58
$1,124.01
113.4
0.2
176.7
0.6

61.7
56.8

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the
service-providing industries.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
4
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5
Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of
employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series
has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household
survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about
100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically
significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private
household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences
between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,
it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which
identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the
foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The
Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax
records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments
with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the
reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and
industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net
employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an
econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based
on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census
of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and
availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons
who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the
unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There
is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job,
including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged
workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each
month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these
alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the
month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than
on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including
pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates
typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some
employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,
while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates,
employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees
who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll
employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit
www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th
of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as
employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the
number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure
of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page,
please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES;
establishment survey). The household survey provides
information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000
eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm
payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of
nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the
CES program surveys about 131,000 businesses and
government agencies, representing approximately 670,000
individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry
data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately
one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that contains
the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the
reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and
the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population. Additional information
about the household survey can be found at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous
conceptual and methodological differences between the
household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the
surveys. Among these are:

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific active efforts to find employment
sometime during the 4-week period ending with the
reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting
recall need not be looking for work to be counted as
unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the
household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and
unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as
employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who worked or received pay for any part of the
reference pay period, including persons on paid leave.
Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and
earnings data are produced for the private sector for all
employees and for production and nonsupervisory
employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are
defined as production and related employees in
manufacturing and mining and logging, construction
workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in
private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an
establishment's principal activity in accordance with the
2017 version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

•

The household survey includes agricultural
workers, self-employed workers whose businesses
are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and
private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment
survey.

•

The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.

•

The household survey is limited to workers 16 years
of age and older. The establishment survey is not
limited by age.

•

The household survey has no duplication of
individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

Reliability of the estimates

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and
the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation.
These
adjustments
make
nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number
of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about
20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying
employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal
employment changes at the end and beginning of the school
year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make
underlying employment patterns more discernable. The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with
which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic
activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such
as total payroll employment, employment in most major
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the
adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this
differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the
duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.
Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently
seasonally adjusted component series, and will not
necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally
adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information
about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be
found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment
survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000. Suppose the
estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from
one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on
the monthly change would range from -70,000 to +170,000
(50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that
there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with
confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased
that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment
rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case,
it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm
employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an
unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent
confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment
as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000,
and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is
about +/- 0.2 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such
as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents
in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made
by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for
the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns;
for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received,
that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to
account for business births. The first component excludes
employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains
from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample
units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This
procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death
employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model
designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment
not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time
series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived
from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level
database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and
deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to
universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy
for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past
decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from
-0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.
Other information
If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech
disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications
relay services.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

Oct.
2021

Sept.
2022

Oct.
2022

Oct.
2021

June
2022

July
2022

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022

Oct.
2022

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

261,908
161,863
61.8
154,966
59.2
6,896
4.3
100,045
5,567

264,356
164,463
62.2
159,003
60.1
5,460
3.3
99,893
5,650

264,535
164,753
62.3
159,144
60.2
5,609
3.4
99,782
5,341

261,908
161,610
61.7
154,234
58.9
7,375
4.6
100,298
5,935

263,835
164,023
62.2
158,111
59.9
5,912
3.6
99,812
5,656

264,012
163,960
62.1
158,290
60.0
5,670
3.5
100,051
5,910

264,184
164,746
62.4
158,732
60.1
6,014
3.7
99,438
5,549

264,356
164,689
62.3
158,936
60.1
5,753
3.5
99,667
5,834

264,535
164,667
62.2
158,608
60.0
6,059
3.7
99,868
5,717

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

126,719
85,725
67.6
82,163
64.8
3,562
4.2
40,994

128,807
87,529
68.0
84,687
65.7
2,842
3.2
41,278

128,897
87,685
68.0
84,799
65.8
2,886
3.3
41,212

126,719
85,735
67.7
81,835
64.6
3,900
4.5
40,983

128,547
87,213
67.8
84,061
65.4
3,152
3.6
41,334

128,636
86,936
67.6
83,891
65.2
3,046
3.5
41,700

128,722
87,335
67.8
84,045
65.3
3,290
3.8
41,387

128,807
87,711
68.1
84,587
65.7
3,124
3.6
41,097

128,897
87,789
68.1
84,571
65.6
3,218
3.7
41,108

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

118,406
82,786
69.9
79,556
67.2
3,230
3.9
35,620

120,140
84,594
70.4
82,075
68.3
2,519
3.0
35,545

120,225
84,623
70.4
82,093
68.3
2,530
3.0
35,601

118,406
82,703
69.8
79,164
66.9
3,539
4.3
35,703

119,899
84,040
70.1
81,242
67.8
2,797
3.3
35,859

119,977
83,857
69.9
81,164
67.7
2,692
3.2
36,120

120,058
84,158
70.1
81,225
67.7
2,934
3.5
35,900

120,140
84,660
70.5
81,878
68.2
2,783
3.3
35,479

120,225
84,626
70.4
81,792
68.0
2,834
3.3
35,599

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

135,189
76,138
56.3
72,803
53.9
3,335
4.4
59,052

135,548
76,934
56.8
74,316
54.8
2,618
3.4
58,615

135,638
77,068
56.8
74,345
54.8
2,723
3.5
58,570

135,189
75,874
56.1
72,399
53.6
3,475
4.6
59,315

135,287
76,809
56.8
74,050
54.7
2,760
3.6
58,478

135,376
77,024
56.9
74,399
55.0
2,625
3.4
58,351

135,462
77,410
57.1
74,687
55.1
2,724
3.5
58,052

135,548
76,978
56.8
74,349
54.9
2,629
3.4
58,570

135,638
76,878
56.7
74,037
54.6
2,841
3.7
58,760

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

127,051
73,296
57.7
70,274
55.3
3,022
4.1
53,755

127,117
73,842
58.1
71,590
56.3
2,251
3.0
53,276

127,204
74,069
58.2
71,628
56.3
2,441
3.3
53,135

127,051
72,929
57.4
69,790
54.9
3,139
4.3
54,122

126,872
73,741
58.1
71,311
56.2
2,430
3.3
53,131

126,951
73,988
58.3
71,710
56.5
2,278
3.1
52,963

127,034
74,140
58.4
71,729
56.5
2,411
3.3
52,895

127,117
73,750
58.0
71,493
56.2
2,258
3.1
53,367

127,204
73,759
58.0
71,224
56.0
2,534
3.4
53,445

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,451
5,780
35.1
5,137
31.2
644
11.1
10,670

17,099
6,027
35.2
5,337
31.2
689
11.4
11,072

17,107
6,061
35.4
5,422
31.7
638
10.5
11,046

16,451
5,978
36.3
5,281
32.1
697
11.7
10,473

17,064
6,242
36.6
5,558
32.6
685
11.0
10,822

17,084
6,116
35.8
5,415
31.7
700
11.5
10,968

17,091
6,447
37.7
5,778
33.8
669
10.4
10,644

17,099
6,278
36.7
5,565
32.5
713
11.4
10,821

17,107
6,283
36.7
5,592
32.7
691
11.0
10,824

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

Oct.
2021

Sept.
2022

Oct.
2022

Oct.
2021

June
2022

July
2022

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022

Oct.
2022

202,138
124,407
61.5
119,891
59.3
4,517
3.6
77,731

203,420
126,036
62.0
122,403
60.2
3,633
2.9
77,383

203,522
126,215
62.0
122,490
60.2
3,725
3.0
77,308

202,138
124,279
61.5
119,376
59.1
4,903
3.9
77,859

203,125
125,706
61.9
121,587
59.9
4,119
3.3
77,419

203,229
125,705
61.9
121,822
59.9
3,884
3.1
77,524

203,324
126,172
62.1
122,129
60.1
4,043
3.2
77,152

203,420
126,183
62.0
122,329
60.1
3,855
3.1
77,237

203,522
126,164
62.0
122,078
60.0
4,087
3.2
77,358

64,725
69.8
62,644
67.5
2,081
3.2

65,872
70.2
64,221
68.4
1,651
2.5

66,025
70.3
64,276
68.4
1,749
2.6

64,693
69.8
62,374
67.3
2,320
3.6

65,556
70.0
63,529
67.8
2,027
3.1

65,430
69.8
63,464
67.7
1,966
3.0

65,600
69.9
63,553
67.7
2,048
3.1

65,940
70.3
64,048
68.2
1,892
2.9

66,028
70.3
64,043
68.2
1,985
3.0

55,170
56.7
53,184
54.6
1,986
3.6

55,435
57.1
53,979
55.6
1,456
2.6

55,592
57.2
54,043
55.6
1,550
2.8

54,901
56.4
52,800
54.2
2,101
3.8

55,318
57.1
53,727
55.4
1,591
2.9

55,565
57.3
54,123
55.8
1,442
2.6

55,661
57.4
54,125
55.8
1,535
2.8

55,351
57.0
53,914
55.5
1,437
2.6

55,334
57.0
53,695
55.3
1,638
3.0

4,512
37.4
4,062
33.7
450
10.0

4,730
37.8
4,203
33.6
527
11.1

4,597
36.8
4,171
33.4
426
9.3

4,684
38.8
4,202
34.8
482
10.3

4,832
38.7
4,331
34.7
501
10.4

4,711
37.7
4,235
33.9
476
10.1

4,911
39.3
4,451
35.6
460
9.4

4,892
39.1
4,366
34.9
526
10.8

4,803
38.4
4,340
34.7
463
9.6

33,699
20,689
61.4
19,120
56.7
1,568
7.6
13,011

34,204
21,218
62.0
20,041
58.6
1,177
5.5
12,986

34,237
21,368
62.4
20,124
58.8
1,244
5.8
12,869

33,699
20,565
61.0
18,962
56.3
1,603
7.8
13,135

34,107
21,213
62.2
19,975
58.6
1,238
5.8
12,895

34,138
21,174
62.0
19,907
58.3
1,268
6.0
12,964

34,171
21,123
61.8
19,776
57.9
1,347
6.4
13,048

34,204
21,258
62.1
20,014
58.5
1,243
5.8
12,946

34,237
21,243
62.0
19,984
58.4
1,259
5.9
12,994

9,540
66.9
8,779
61.6
761
8.0

9,907
68.1
9,368
64.4
540
5.4

9,836
67.6
9,335
64.1
500
5.1

9,479
66.5
8,699
61.0
780
8.2

9,866
68.1
9,342
64.4
524
5.3

9,764
67.3
9,212
63.5
552
5.7

9,707
66.8
9,125
62.8
582
6.0

9,894
68.0
9,321
64.1
573
5.8

9,779
67.2
9,264
63.6
514
5.3

10,447
61.2
9,742
57.1
705
6.7

10,638
61.9
10,072
58.6
565
5.3

10,770
62.6
10,140
59.0
630
5.8

10,383
60.9
9,673
56.7
710
6.8

10,628
62.0
10,030
58.6
598
5.6

10,688
62.3
10,119
59.0
569
5.3

10,643
62.0
10,018
58.4
625
5.9

10,636
61.9
10,058
58.6
578
5.4

10,699
62.2
10,081
58.6
619
5.8

702
29.4
599
25.1
102
14.6

673
27.1
601
24.2
72
10.7

762
30.6
648
26.0
114
15.0

703
29.5
590
24.7
113
16.0

719
29.0
603
24.3
116
16.1

722
29.1
576
23.2
146
20.3

773
31.1
634
25.5
140
18.1

728
29.3
635
25.5
92
12.7

765
30.7
639
25.7
127
16.5

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oct.
2021
16,485
10,756
65.2
10,312
62.5
445
4.1
5,729

Sept.
2022
17,132
11,151
65.1
10,882
63.5
269
2.4
5,981

Oct.
2022
17,129
11,100
64.8
10,776
62.9
323
2.9
6,029

Oct.
2021
16,485
10,767
65.3
10,310
62.5
457
4.2
5,718

June
2022
16,910
10,894
64.4
10,565
62.5
330
3.0
6,016

July
2022
16,920
10,980
64.9
10,693
63.2
287
2.6
5,940

Aug.
2022
16,989
11,096
65.3
10,790
63.5
307
2.8
5,893

Sept.
2022
17,132
11,122
64.9
10,848
63.3
274
2.5
6,009

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.

Oct.
2022
17,129
11,124
64.9
10,797
63.0
327
2.9
6,005

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Oct.
2021

Sept.
2022

Oct.
2022

Oct.
2021

June
2022

July
2022

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022

Oct.
2022

45,159
29,736
65.8
28,154
62.3
1,582
5.3
15,423

46,373
30,641
66.1
29,515
63.6
1,126
3.7
15,732

46,459
30,796
66.3
29,595
63.7
1,202
3.9
15,663

45,159
29,663
65.7
27,962
61.9
1,701
5.7
15,496

46,119
30,670
66.5
29,364
63.7
1,306
4.3
15,449

46,200
30,363
65.7
29,170
63.1
1,193
3.9
15,837

46,287
30,918
66.8
29,539
63.8
1,379
4.5
15,369

46,373
30,650
66.1
29,470
63.5
1,180
3.8
15,724

46,459
30,710
66.1
29,434
63.4
1,277
4.2
15,749

16,220
79.5
15,495
75.9
724
4.5

16,523
78.7
16,031
76.3
493
3.0

16,674
79.2
16,068
76.3
606
3.6

16,213
79.4
15,410
75.5
803
5.0

16,743
80.1
16,170
77.4
573
3.4

16,452
78.6
15,870
75.8
581
3.5

16,625
79.3
15,976
76.2
649
3.9

16,506
78.6
15,971
76.0
535
3.2

16,638
79.1
16,004
76.0
634
3.8

12,127
58.6
11,485
55.5
642
5.3

12,792
60.7
12,339
58.6
452
3.5

12,717
60.2
12,294
58.2
424
3.3

12,054
58.3
11,374
55.0
680
5.6

12,486
59.6
11,926
56.9
560
4.5

12,515
59.6
12,113
57.7
402
3.2

12,812
60.9
12,264
58.3
547
4.3

12,778
60.6
12,321
58.5
457
3.6

12,655
59.9
12,186
57.7
469
3.7

1,389
34.1
1,173
28.8
216
15.5

1,326
30.9
1,145
26.7
181
13.6

1,405
32.7
1,233
28.7
172
12.2

1,396
34.3
1,178
29.0
218
15.6

1,441
33.8
1,268
29.7
173
12.0

1,397
32.7
1,187
27.8
210
15.0

1,482
34.6
1,299
30.3
183
12.3

1,365
31.8
1,178
27.5
187
13.7

1,417
33.0
1,243
28.9
174
12.3

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment

Oct.
2021

Sept.
2022

Oct.
2022

Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2021

June
2022

July
2022

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022

Oct.
2022

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,921
45.9
8,365
43.1
555
6.2

9,094
46.2
8,674
44.1
420
4.6

9,016
46.0
8,534
43.5
481
5.3

9,025
46.4
8,368
43.1
657
7.3

9,210
44.7
8,680
42.2
530
5.8

8,924
46.2
8,398
43.5
526
5.9

8,646
45.4
8,110
42.5
536
6.2

8,992
45.7
8,491
43.1
501
5.6

9,155
46.7
8,577
43.7
578
6.3

High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35,575
55.5
33,774
52.7
1,801
5.1

35,488
56.5
34,244
54.5
1,244
3.5

35,243
56.2
33,915
54.1
1,328
3.8

35,282
55.0
33,395
52.1
1,888
5.4

35,985
56.8
34,679
54.8
1,305
3.6

35,386
56.1
34,113
54.1
1,273
3.6

35,798
56.4
34,284
54.0
1,514
4.2

35,278
56.1
33,973
54.1
1,306
3.7

35,038
55.9
33,656
53.7
1,382
3.9

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35,710
63.4
34,236
60.8
1,474
4.1

35,597
62.8
34,609
61.0
989
2.8

36,169
63.3
35,132
61.5
1,037
2.9

35,394
62.8
33,863
60.1
1,531
4.3

35,707
62.6
34,585
60.6
1,122
3.1

35,575
62.6
34,563
60.8
1,012
2.8

35,586
63.0
34,538
61.2
1,048
2.9

35,544
62.7
34,530
60.9
1,014
2.9

35,805
62.7
34,731
60.8
1,074
3.0

Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

61,068
72.0
59,654
70.3
1,414
2.3

63,574
73.0
62,473
71.7
1,100
1.7

63,458
72.9
62,292
71.6
1,166
1.8

60,951
71.9
59,477
70.1
1,473
2.4

62,098
73.1
60,800
71.6
1,297
2.1

63,380
73.0
62,094
71.5
1,286
2.0

63,701
73.1
62,519
71.7
1,182
1.9

63,610
73.0
62,478
71.7
1,132
1.8

63,376
72.8
62,156
71.4
1,220
1.9

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Oct.
2021

Men
Oct.
2022

Oct.
2021

Women
Oct.
2022

Oct.
2021

Oct.
2022

VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17,981
8,417
46.8
8,090
45.0
327
3.9
9,564

18,291
8,833
48.3
8,610
47.1
224
2.5
9,458

16,059
7,267
45.3
6,999
43.6
268
3.7
8,792

16,259
7,613
46.8
7,417
45.6
195
2.6
8,646

1,922
1,150
59.8
1,091
56.8
59
5.1
772

2,032
1,221
60.1
1,192
58.7
28
2.3
811

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,607
3,637
79.0
3,500
76.0
137
3.8
969

4,949
4,044
81.7
3,931
79.4
113
2.8
905

3,834
3,081
80.4
2,974
77.6
107
3.5
753

4,076
3,369
82.7
3,278
80.4
92
2.7
706

773
557
72.0
526
68.1
30
5.5
216

873
675
77.3
654
74.9
21
3.1
198

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,131
2,236
71.4
2,144
68.5
92
4.1
895

3,234
2,276
70.4
2,222
68.7
54
2.4
958

2,599
1,879
72.3
1,804
69.4
74
4.0
720

2,728
1,955
71.7
1,904
69.8
51
2.6
773

532
357
67.2
340
63.9
18
4.9
175

506
321
63.5
318
62.9
3
0.9
184

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,328
1,002
15.8
961
15.2
40
4.0
5,326

6,154
886
14.4
867
14.1
19
2.2
5,268

6,105
952
15.6
917
15.0
35
3.7
5,153

5,909
837
14.2
817
13.8
19
2.3
5,072

223
50
22.2
45
20.0
5
–
173

245
49
20.2
49
20.2
0
–
196

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,915
1,542
39.4
1,485
37.9
57
3.7
2,373

3,954
1,627
41.1
1,589
40.2
38
2.3
2,327

3,521
1,355
38.5
1,304
37.0
51
3.8
2,166

3,546
1,452
40.9
1,418
40.0
34
2.3
2,094

394
186
47.3
180
45.8
6
3.2
208

408
175
42.9
171
41.9
4
2.4
233

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

235,095
151,257
64.3
144,876
61.6
6,381
4.2
83,837

236,800
153,525
64.8
148,341
62.6
5,184
3.4
83,275

106,291
77,395
72.8
74,192
69.8
3,203
4.1
28,896

107,887
78,943
73.2
76,371
70.8
2,572
3.3
28,943

128,804
73,862
57.3
70,684
54.9
3,178
4.3
54,941

128,913
74,582
57.9
71,970
55.8
2,611
3.5
54,332

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not
shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons with a disability
Employment status, sex, and age

Oct.
2021

Oct.
2022

Persons with no disability
Oct.
2021

Oct.
2022

TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

31,195
6,987
22.4
6,352
20.4
635
9.1
24,208

32,819
7,797
23.8
7,224
22.0
573
7.4
25,022

230,713
154,876
67.1
148,615
64.4
6,261
4.0
75,837

231,716
156,956
67.7
151,920
65.6
5,036
3.2
74,760

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,900
37.5
2,636
34.1
264
9.1
4,828

3,318
39.7
3,035
36.3
283
8.5
5,037

76,743
82.1
73,652
78.8
3,091
4.0
16,695

78,017
82.6
75,544
80.0
2,473
3.2
16,397

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,855
36.1
2,550
32.3
305
10.7
5,050

3,092
37.6
2,848
34.7
244
7.9
5,122

68,510
71.3
65,667
68.3
2,844
4.2
27,572

68,970
71.7
66,604
69.2
2,366
3.4
27,276

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

1,232
7.9
1,166
7.5
66
5.3
14,330

1,387
8.5
1,341
8.3
46
3.3
14,864

9,622
23.4
9,296
22.6
326
3.4
31,571

9,968
24.3
9,772
23.8
196
2.0
31,087

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty
seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or
emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and nativity

Oct.
2021

Men
Oct.
2022

Oct.
2021

Women
Oct.
2022

Oct.
2021

Oct.
2022

Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

43,449
28,564
65.7
27,341
62.9
1,224
4.3
14,885

45,908
30,459
66.3
29,451
64.2
1,008
3.3
15,450

21,226
16,570
78.1
15,932
75.1
639
3.9
4,656

22,506
17,657
78.5
17,110
76.0
547
3.1
4,849

22,223
11,994
54.0
11,409
51.3
585
4.9
10,229

23,402
12,802
54.7
12,340
52.7
461
3.6
10,600

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

218,458
133,298
61.0
127,626
58.4
5,673
4.3
85,160

218,627
134,294
61.4
129,693
59.3
4,601
3.4
84,333

105,492
69,155
65.6
66,232
62.8
2,923
4.2
36,338

106,391
70,028
65.8
67,688
63.6
2,340
3.3
36,363

112,966
64,144
56.8
61,394
54.3
2,750
4.3
48,822

112,236
64,267
57.3
62,005
55.2
2,261
3.5
47,970

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States
or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born
in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government.................................... .
Private industries.............................. .
Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other industries............................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Seasonally adjusted

Oct.
2021

Sept.
2022

Oct.
2022

Oct.
2021

June
2022

July
2022

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022

Oct.
2022

2,418
1,596
785
37
152,548
142,933
20,586
122,347
766
121,581
9,548
68

2,165
1,448
700
18
156,838
147,538
21,166
126,372
705
125,667
9,235
65

2,300
1,577
701
22
156,845
147,397
21,258
126,139
743
125,397
9,394
54

2,296
1,501
769
–
152,070
142,194
20,511
122,175
–
121,460
9,465
–

2,308
1,520
747
–
156,114
146,346
20,601
125,767
–
125,210
9,255
–

2,429
1,621
752
–
156,002
146,627
21,272
125,421
–
124,799
8,971
–

2,178
1,491
645
–
156,931
147,397
21,220
126,111
–
125,441
8,985
–

2,178
1,474
696
–
156,956
147,268
21,313
126,494
–
125,902
9,161
–

2,205
1,497
691
–
156,645
147,004
21,180
126,165
–
125,559
9,283
–

4,094
2,913
928
21,128

3,523
2,393
945
21,389

3,356
2,335
817
21,901

4,398
3,108
961
20,539

3,621
2,366
914
20,602

3,924
2,697
910
21,103

4,149
2,769
979
21,044

3,843
2,577
952
21,233

3,660
2,534
870
21,274

3,998
2,838
927
20,773

3,479
2,353
945
21,047

3,301
2,288
813
21,555

4,273
3,032
962
20,200

3,694
2,345
912
20,180

3,888
2,676
909
20,675

4,075
2,727
966
20,710

3,763
2,527
952
20,887

3,577
2,486
867
20,932

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for
the entire week.
3
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business
conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4
Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or
training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to
34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Seasonally adjusted

Oct.
2021

Sept.
2022

Oct.
2022

Oct.
2021

June
2022

July
2022

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022

Oct.
2022

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

154,966
5,137
1,999
3,137
149,830
13,800
136,030
99,355
35,257
33,237
30,862
36,674

159,003
5,337
2,115
3,222
153,666
13,666
140,000
102,291
35,451
34,735
32,105
37,709

159,144
5,422
2,193
3,229
153,722
13,849
139,873
102,028
35,527
34,760
31,742
37,844

154,234
5,281
1,992
3,289
148,953
13,718
135,282
98,795
35,029
33,042
30,723
36,487

158,111
5,558
2,114
3,443
152,554
13,852
138,603
101,495
35,437
34,508
31,550
37,108

158,290
5,415
2,076
3,343
152,875
13,902
138,969
101,686
35,436
34,616
31,634
37,283

158,732
5,778
2,255
3,485
152,953
13,670
139,259
102,053
35,555
34,694
31,804
37,206

158,936
5,565
2,087
3,464
153,371
13,755
139,598
102,037
35,392
34,618
32,027
37,561

158,608
5,592
2,189
3,389
153,016
13,780
139,214
101,548
35,320
34,607
31,621
37,666

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

82,163
2,608
972
1,636
79,556
6,969
72,587
53,007
18,855
17,866
16,286
19,580

84,687
2,612
958
1,653
82,075
7,003
75,072
54,560
18,926
18,656
16,979
20,512

84,799
2,705
1,010
1,695
82,093
7,150
74,943
54,379
18,845
18,721
16,813
20,564

81,835
2,672
984
1,691
79,164
6,972
72,181
52,717
18,715
17,784
16,218
19,464

84,061
2,819
1,046
1,769
81,242
7,081
74,052
54,161
18,842
18,492
16,828
19,890

83,891
2,726
988
1,742
81,164
7,022
74,151
54,190
18,740
18,631
16,819
19,961

84,045
2,820
1,036
1,761
81,225
6,900
74,233
54,193
18,767
18,651
16,776
20,040

84,587
2,709
954
1,749
81,878
7,038
74,762
54,381
18,866
18,579
16,936
20,381

84,571
2,779
1,027
1,751
81,792
7,146
74,581
54,130
18,718
18,656
16,756
20,450

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

72,803
2,529
1,027
1,501
70,274
6,831
63,443
46,348
16,401
15,371
14,576
17,095

74,316
2,726
1,157
1,568
71,590
6,663
64,928
47,731
16,525
16,079
15,127
17,197

74,345
2,717
1,183
1,534
71,628
6,699
64,929
47,649
16,682
16,039
14,928
17,280

72,399
2,609
1,008
1,598
69,790
6,746
63,101
46,078
16,314
15,258
14,505
17,023

74,050
2,739
1,067
1,674
71,311
6,771
64,551
47,334
16,595
16,016
14,722
17,218

74,399
2,689
1,088
1,601
71,710
6,880
64,818
47,496
16,696
15,986
14,814
17,322

74,687
2,958
1,219
1,724
71,729
6,770
65,026
47,860
16,789
16,044
15,028
17,165

74,349
2,856
1,133
1,715
71,493
6,717
64,836
47,656
16,526
16,039
15,091
17,180

74,037
2,813
1,162
1,637
71,224
6,635
64,633
47,418
16,602
15,951
14,865
17,216

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

43,910
35,209
9,696

46,100
36,616
9,813

45,631
36,309
9,629

43,794
34,988
–

45,222
36,526
–

45,449
36,954
–

45,422
36,828
–

45,912
36,615
–

45,556
36,155
–

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

128,848
26,119

133,027
25,976

132,544
26,600

128,409
25,903

132,648
25,440

132,577
25,824

132,335
26,237

132,661
26,230

132,228
26,394

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,166
4.6

7,739
4.9

7,676
4.8

6,984
4.5

7,541
4.8

7,633
4.8

7,747
4.9

7,746
4.9

7,496
4.7

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,334
10,332

6,710
9,935

6,851
10,095

–
10,234

–
10,002

–
9,723

–
9,629

–
9,858

–
9,974

1

Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex
married couples only.
2
Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,
referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
4
Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Oct.
2021

Sept.
2022

Oct.
2022

Oct.
2021

June
2022

July
2022

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022

Oct.
2022

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,375
697
223
475
6,679
1,071
5,579
4,266
1,763
1,311
1,192
1,363

5,753
713
294
424
5,040
1,030
3,980
3,074
1,313
1,072
689
926

6,059
691
240
456
5,368
1,020
4,319
3,386
1,457
1,025
904
962

4.6
11.7
10.1
12.6
4.3
7.2
4.0
4.1
4.8
3.8
3.7
3.6

3.6
11.0
11.2
10.2
3.3
6.8
3.0
3.0
3.4
3.2
2.4
2.7

3.5
11.5
10.3
12.1
3.1
6.4
2.8
2.9
3.5
2.7
2.4
2.5

3.7
10.4
9.7
10.9
3.4
6.9
3.0
3.1
3.7
2.9
2.7
2.7

3.5
11.4
12.4
10.9
3.2
7.0
2.8
2.9
3.6
3.0
2.1
2.4

3.7
11.0
9.9
11.9
3.4
6.9
3.0
3.2
4.0
2.9
2.8
2.5

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,900
361
106
257
3,539
620
2,912
2,214
995
676
543
699

3,124
341
145
200
2,783
606
2,165
1,675
706
564
405
490

3,218
384
138
254
2,834
550
2,271
1,771
769
502
500
501

4.5
11.9
9.8
13.2
4.3
8.2
3.9
4.0
5.0
3.7
3.2
3.5

3.6
11.2
11.2
9.8
3.3
7.6
2.9
2.9
3.5
2.9
2.3
2.8

3.5
11.5
8.7
12.8
3.2
7.3
2.8
2.9
3.3
2.9
2.5
2.5

3.8
11.2
11.5
11.2
3.5
8.1
3.0
3.1
3.7
3.0
2.7
2.7

3.6
11.2
13.2
10.3
3.3
7.9
2.8
3.0
3.6
2.9
2.3
2.3

3.7
12.1
11.8
12.7
3.3
7.1
3.0
3.2
3.9
2.6
2.9
2.4

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,475
336
117
218
3,139
452
2,667
2,052
768
635
649
642

2,629
372
149
224
2,258
424
1,815
1,399
607
507
284
420

2,841
307
102
202
2,534
470
2,047
1,615
688
523
404
446

4.6
11.4
10.4
12.0
4.3
6.3
4.1
4.3
4.5
4.0
4.3
3.6

3.6
10.8
11.1
10.6
3.3
6.0
3.1
3.2
3.4
3.6
2.6
2.7

3.4
11.4
11.6
11.3
3.1
5.4
2.8
2.9
3.6
2.6
2.4
2.3

3.5
9.6
8.2
10.5
3.3
5.7
3.0
3.1
3.8
2.8
2.7
2.6

3.4
11.5
11.6
11.6
3.1
5.9
2.7
2.9
3.5
3.1
1.8
2.4

3.7
9.8
8.1
11.0
3.4
6.6
3.1
3.3
4.0
3.2
2.6
2.5

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,120
1,080
610

840
708
488

891
801
577

2.5
3.0
5.9

2.0
2.3
4.5

1.8
2.1
4.7

2.0
2.1
5.1

1.8
1.9
4.7

1.9
2.2
5.7

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,144
1,269

4,751
1,010

5,027
1,073

4.6
4.7

3.5
3.9

3.3
4.2

3.6
4.1

3.5
3.7

3.7
3.9

1

Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to
persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
2
Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,
but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an
opposite-sex spouse.
3
Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time
jobs.
4
Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from
part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Reason

Oct.
2021

Sept.
2022

Seasonally adjusted

Oct.
2022

Oct.
2021

June
2022

July
2022

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022

Oct.
2022

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

3,306
693
2,613
2,082
530
869
2,186
536

2,176
463
1,713
1,161
552
976
1,867
441

2,335
526
1,809
1,260
549
887
1,887
501

3,700
1,041
2,659
2,102
557
845
2,206
537

2,645
827
1,818
1,273
545
832
1,990
464

2,547
791
1,756
1,166
589
842
1,826
460

2,720
782
1,938
1,354
584
898
1,836
440

2,495
758
1,737
1,181
556
905
1,840
447

2,663
847
1,816
1,241
576
862
1,886
485

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

47.9
10.1
37.9
12.6
31.7
7.8

39.9
8.5
31.4
17.9
34.2
8.1

41.6
9.4
32.2
15.8
33.6
8.9

50.8
14.3
36.5
11.6
30.3
7.4

44.6
13.9
30.7
14.0
33.6
7.8

44.9
13.9
30.9
14.8
32.2
8.1

46.2
13.3
32.9
15.2
31.2
7.5

43.9
13.3
30.5
15.9
32.4
7.9

45.2
14.4
30.8
14.6
32.0
8.2

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

2.0
0.5
1.4
0.3

1.3
0.6
1.1
0.3

1.4
0.5
1.1
0.3

2.3
0.5
1.4
0.3

1.6
0.5
1.2
0.3

1.6
0.5
1.1
0.3

1.7
0.5
1.1
0.3

1.5
0.5
1.1
0.3

1.6
0.5
1.1
0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Duration

Oct.
2021

Sept.
2022

Oct.
2022

Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2021

June
2022

July
2022

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022

Oct.
2022

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,884
1,762
3,251
919
2,332

2,127
1,474
1,859
751
1,109

2,023
1,696
1,889
714
1,175

2,051
1,876
3,340
1,001
2,339

2,262
1,552
2,089
753
1,336

2,080
1,772
1,785
718
1,067

2,223
1,807
2,022
885
1,137

2,154
1,645
1,966
899
1,067

2,211
1,783
1,970
805
1,165

Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27.7
13.1

20.7
8.8

21.5
8.6

26.9
13.0

22.3
8.5

22.1
8.5

22.3
8.5

20.2
8.3

20.8
8.1

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27.3
25.5
47.1
13.3
33.8

39.0
27.0
34.1
13.7
20.3

36.1
30.2
33.7
12.7
21.0

28.2
25.8
46.0
13.8
32.2

38.3
26.3
35.4
12.8
22.6

36.9
31.4
31.7
12.7
18.9

36.7
29.9
33.4
14.6
18.8

37.4
28.5
34.1
15.6
18.5

37.1
29.9
33.0
13.5
19.5

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over1............................................ .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.................................................... .
Professional and related occupations......................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations....................................................... .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations....................................................... .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Unemployment
rates

Unemployed

Oct.
2021

Oct.
2022

Oct.
2021

Oct.
2022

Oct.
2021

Oct.
2022

154,966
65,335

159,144
68,918

6,896
1,453

5,609
1,398

4.3
2.2

3.4
2.0

27,665
37,669
25,458
29,914
14,155
15,759

29,433
39,485
25,749
29,886
14,242
15,644

656
796
1,709
1,400
672
728

639
759
1,134
1,060
497
563

2.3
2.1
6.3
4.5
4.5
4.4

2.1
1.9
4.2
3.4
3.4
3.5

14,258
1,076
8,356
4,826

14,463
938
8,658
4,867

616
65
446
104

606
77
413
116

4.1
5.7
5.1
2.1

4.0
7.6
4.6
2.3

20,001
8,268
11,733

20,128
8,184
11,944

1,169
388
782

886
295
591

5.5
4.5
6.2

4.2
3.5
4.7

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect
the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification
system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly
comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... .
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government workers.................................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment
rates

Oct.
2021

Oct.
2022

Oct.
2021

Oct.
2022

6,896
5,301
63
398
499
279
220
1,019
381
83
192
791
677
960
239
83
467
510

5,609
4,381
4
419
463
319
144
699
273
94
195
645
677
738
174
81
321
325

4.3
4.2
10.0
4.0
3.3
2.9
4.0
5.2
4.7
3.5
1.9
4.4
2.8
7.5
3.5
5.1
2.2
4.7

3.4
3.4
0.8
4.1
3.1
3.3
2.7
3.6
3.3
3.3
1.9
3.5
2.7
5.5
2.5
5.1
1.5
3.1

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the
introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from
the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted
Measure

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,
as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged
workers, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged
workers, plus all other persons marginally
attached to the labor force, as a percent of
the civilian labor force plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic
reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus all persons marginally attached to
the labor force.................................... .

Seasonally adjusted

Oct.
2021

Sept.
2022

Oct.
2022

Oct.
2021

June
2022

July
2022

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022

Oct.
2022

2.0

1.1

1.1

2.1

1.3

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.2

2.0

1.3

1.4

2.3

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.5

1.6

4.3

3.3

3.4

4.6

3.6

3.5

3.7

3.5

3.7

4.5

3.6

3.6

4.8

3.8

3.7

3.9

3.8

3.9

5.2

4.3

4.3

5.5

4.5

4.4

4.5

4.4

4.6

7.7

6.4

6.3

8.2

6.7

6.7

7.0

6.7

6.8

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have
given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are
available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of
January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Category

Oct.
2021

Men
Oct.
2022

Oct.
2021

Women
Oct.
2022

Oct.
2021

Oct.
2022

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2........................................ .
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .

100,045
5,567
1,638
460
1,178

99,782
5,341
1,469
373
1,096

40,994
2,478
842
315
527

41,212
2,618
786
261
525

59,052
3,089
796
145
651

58,570
2,723
683
112
571

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4............................................ .
Percent of total employed......................................... .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,166
4.6
4,193
1,598
361
953

7,676
4.8
4,449
1,733
347
1,095

3,467
4.2
2,194
540
215
499

3,846
4.5
2,449
612
194
565

3,699
5.1
1,999
1,059
146
454

3,830
5.2
1,999
1,122
154
530

1

Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference
week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

Oct.
2021

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022p

Oct.
2022p

Oct.
2021

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022p

Oct.
2022p

149,310
126,847
20,705

152,674
131,180
21,481

153,197
130,793
21,409

154,369
131,656
21,451

148,005
125,911
20,499

152,732
130,406
21,196

153,047
130,725
21,244

153,308
130,958
21,277

Change
from:
Sept.2022
Oct.2022p
261
233
33

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral mining and
quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

584
45.5
538.9
121.7
177.6
36.5
41.8

638
47.0
590.9
135.0
183.5
37.8
43.9

637
46.4
591.0
134.9
182.4
37.9
43.6

639
45.5
593.3
135.2
183.0
37.9
43.6

578
44.9
533.5
121.3
176.0
36.5
41.9

631
45.4
585.8
134.5
180.2
38.0
43.6

634
45.7
588.2
135.2
180.4
38.1
43.8

634
44.7
588.8
135.6
181.1
37.9
43.7

0
-1.0
0.6
0.4
0.7
-0.2
-0.1

99.3
239.6

101.8
272.4

100.9
273.7

101.5
275.1

97.7
236.2

98.6
271.1

98.5
272.6

99.5
272.1

1.0
-0.5

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . .

7,636
1,684.0
883.1
800.9
1,099.9
4,852.3
2,236.6
2,615.7

7,911
1,745.4
918.8
826.6
1,125.0
5,040.1
2,315.7
2,724.4

7,877
1,731.3
907.9
823.4
1,124.9
5,020.3
2,306.3
2,714.0

7,888
1,742.1
915.3
826.8
1,127.1
5,019.2
2,305.1
2,714.1

7,455
1,654.0
869.0
785.0
1,043.5
4,757.0
2,203.1
2,553.9

7,698
1,709.7
900.8
808.9
1,074.7
4,914.0
2,266.2
2,647.8

7,720
1,711.3
901.3
810.0
1,074.3
4,934.0
2,275.2
2,658.8

7,721
1,716.9
903.7
813.2
1,073.9
4,930.0
2,273.7
2,656.3

1
5.6
2.4
3.2
-0.4
-4.0
-1.5
-2.5

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . .
Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous computer and electronic
products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous durable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12,485

12,932

12,895

12,924

12,466

12,867

12,890

12,922

7,764
415.8
407.1
352.1
1,397.5
1,060.9
1,064.4
159.1
84.8

8,030
431.8
423.3
363.5
1,445.4
1,102.1
1,096.5
164.7
84.1

8,008
429.4
420.9
364.6
1,446.9
1,097.2
1,088.9
164.5
82.4

8,031
430.0
425.0
364.6
1,452.5
1,098.8
1,096.3
166.7
84.4

7,766
413.5
402.1
353.6
1,398.1
1,063.6
1,066.0
159.2
85.4

8,003
430.8
416.6
363.6
1,443.6
1,099.3
1,091.7
164.0
84.2

8,016
430.8
416.4
366.3
1,449.1
1,099.6
1,091.2
164.4
83.2

8,039
429.9
419.6
366.1
1,454.3
1,102.6
1,096.6
166.4
84.7

23
-0.9
3.2
-0.2
5.2
3.0
5.4
2.0
1.5

370.1
419.6

390.6
424.5

387.5
422.4

390.3
423.0

371.5
419.5

388.6
422.9

388.6
423.1

391.0
422.8

2.4
-0.3

30.8
397.5
1,672.7
992.1
379.6

32.6
411.1
1,729.5
1,022.3
382.1

32.1
410.9
1,730.7
1,024.2
379.2

31.9
410.9
1,730.2
1,018.3
379.7

30.4
398.0
1,676.6
998.4
379.4

31.9
410.8
1,723.0
1,011.1
381.7

31.9
412.1
1,727.7
1,018.5
381.4

31.6
412.4
1,732.4
1,023.3
381.2

-0.3
0.3
4.7
4.8
-0.2

616.5

644.6

639.7

642.9

615.3

641.6

641.7

643.5

1.8

4,721
1,656.4
99.7
104.6
92.5
348.0
372.5
107.8
871.3
726.8

4,902
1,723.9
100.1
103.4
95.1
357.7
378.3
107.9
908.4
756.7

4,887
1,720.4
100.2
102.9
94.1
358.4
373.4
107.4
904.9
754.1

4,893
1,719.3
99.3
102.5
94.8
358.8
376.2
107.9
906.7
757.8

4,700
1,642.6
99.4
104.3
91.5
348.7
369.9
105.6
874.1
729.2

4,864
1,701.3
99.7
104.1
94.8
358.4
377.5
105.6
906.2
757.5

4,874
1,709.1
100.0
103.4
94.2
359.6
373.7
105.9
908.9
758.1

4,883
1,710.1
99.3
102.8
94.6
360.5
374.7
105.8
910.5
761.1

9
1.0
-0.7
-0.6
0.4
0.9
1.0
-0.1
1.6
3.0

341.3

370.3

371.0

369.5

334.7

359.3

361.3

363.4

2.1

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

106,142

109,699

109,384

110,205

105,412

109,210

109,481

109,681

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28,100

28,643

28,586

28,845

28,013

28,799

28,792

28,823

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

32

5,725.0
3,148.3
2,092.7

5,913.1
3,255.6
2,154.1

5,903.3
3,249.0
2,149.0

5,931.5
3,260.0
2,164.2

5,716.3
3,149.9
2,083.4

5,896.9
3,247.2
2,147.1

5,908.5
3,253.9
2,149.4

5,923.1
3,262.6
2,155.4

200
31
14.6
8.7
6.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Oct.
2021

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022p

Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2022p

Oct.
2021

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022p

Oct.
2022p

Change
from:
Sept.2022
Oct.2022p

Wholesale trade - Continued
Electronic markets and agents and
brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

484.0

503.4

505.3

507.3

483.0

502.6

505.2

505.1

-0.1

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . .
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . .
Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden supply
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores, including
warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . .
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15,577.9
1,951.0
1,223.7
172.2
555.1
445.8
440.2

15,778.2
1,988.7
1,240.8
177.5
570.4
426.2
423.8

15,659.5
1,980.2
1,235.6
174.0
570.6
423.5
422.2

15,822.3
1,980.5
1,235.5
174.1
570.9
429.9
423.8

15,537.0
1,946.8
1,222.5
172.3
552.0
444.8
423.5

15,829.5
1,974.7
1,235.5
170.7
568.5
433.1
427.9

15,821.9
1,975.3
1,234.6
172.4
568.4
431.4
424.7

15,829.1
1,977.1
1,235.7
173.3
568.1
430.2
419.0

7.2
1.8
1.1
0.9
-0.3
-1.2
-5.7

1,364.6
3,118.4
1,054.7
949.5
1,064.8

1,405.1
3,209.8
1,058.7
990.6
1,087.5

1,378.6
3,181.9
1,062.7
981.4
1,071.5

1,373.6
3,195.6
1,080.0
984.4
1,085.1

1,379.4
3,118.8
1,050.9
943.5
1,072.0

1,397.2
3,200.9
1,069.1
974.6
1,085.5

1,393.2
3,201.6
1,073.4
975.4
1,086.8

1,394.6
3,198.9
1,075.6
980.0
1,091.5

1.4
-2.7
2.2
4.6
4.7

540.8
3,160.8
956.0

529.1
3,147.5
939.3

520.0
3,136.2
929.8

533.1
3,209.6
957.6

544.0
3,138.2
950.7

533.0
3,225.4
966.7

530.4
3,219.0
962.1

531.8
3,216.8
956.9

1.4
-2.2
-5.2

2,204.8
825.7
661.6

2,208.2
868.3
642.9

2,206.4
856.1
645.2

2,252.0
867.5
659.2

2,187.4
826.1
649.0

2,258.7
859.5
648.6

2,256.9
862.6
648.1

2,259.9
865.8
647.8

3.0
3.2
-0.3

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,258.3
505.0
145.8
55.7
1,546.5

6,407.6
567.9
146.8
63.3
1,612.2

6,481.4
567.3
147.3
62.9
1,594.4

6,547.2
571.1
147.3
61.7
1,614.2

6,220.2
505.5
145.7
55.0
1,528.9

6,529.5
564.3
146.8
61.4
1,597.4

6,518.2
567.0
147.2
61.7
1,587.9

6,526.4
571.2
147.1
61.8
1,601.1

8.2
4.2
-0.1
0.1
13.2

404.7
50.4
26.4
746.1
1,044.8
1,732.9

354.5
47.8
35.3
786.9
1,044.7
1,748.2

423.9
47.0
34.1
790.2
1,057.0
1,757.3

432.1
47.2
32.3
797.2
1,077.1
1,767.0

384.1
50.3
26.1
741.0
1,077.6
1,706.0

414.0
47.8
29.1
785.6
1,114.5
1,768.6

409.1
47.3
30.4
790.6
1,114.9
1,762.1

411.5
47.2
31.0
792.0
1,121.4
1,742.1

2.4
-0.1
0.6
1.4
6.5
-20.0

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

538.9

543.9

541.7

544.1

539.5

542.6

543.2

544.3

1.1

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,897
793.2

3,056
844.9

3,042
846.0

3,052
837.0

2,886
793.8

3,032
839.8

3,039
845.4

3,043
840.5

4
-4.9

423.4
234.4
660.5

448.9
234.0
664.2

431.8
234.6
663.8

446.1
234.4
661.0

412.0
232.4
661.8

435.4
234.8
664.6

432.8
233.9
662.6

436.5
232.9
661.3

3.7
-1.0
-1.3

402.0
383.1

427.6
436.5

432.1
433.2

434.4
439.4

401.4
384.8

427.7
429.8

431.4
433.0

432.4
439.8

1.0
6.8

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . .
Activities related to credit intermediation.. .
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,846
6,534.9
20.8

9,022
6,622.3
21.1

8,969
6,585.8
21.0

8,995
6,617.9
21.2

8,817
6,527.9
20.8

8,967
6,605.3
21.0

8,968
6,599.6
21.0

8,971
6,612.0
21.1

3
12.4
0.1

2,703.2
1,727.6
1,342.0
641.9
333.7

2,708.5
1,748.6
1,347.5
627.5
332.4

2,691.6
1,740.4
1,339.0
620.5
330.7

2,692.2
1,742.2
1,344.4
622.6
327.4

2,705.4
1,733.4
1,347.9
639.5
332.5

2,700.4
1,741.5
1,342.5
626.9
331.9

2,699.0
1,745.6
1,344.7
621.7
331.7

2,696.5
1,747.5
1,348.1
621.5
327.5

-2.5
1.9
3.4
-0.2
-4.2

1,004.8
2,806.1
2,310.9
1,785.8

1,050.3
2,842.4
2,399.3
1,823.8

1,043.6
2,829.6
2,383.6
1,820.8

1,056.0
2,848.5
2,377.5
1,830.1

1,001.6
2,800.1
2,289.2
1,769.6

1,041.1
2,842.8
2,361.9
1,805.1

1,045.6
2,834.0
2,367.9
1,815.4

1,051.0
2,843.4
2,359.2
1,814.5

5.4
9.4
-8.7
-0.9

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Oct.
2021

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022p

Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2022p

Oct.
2021

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022p

Oct.
2022p

Change
from:
Sept.2022
Oct.2022p

Real estate and rental and leasing Continued
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . .

504.6
20.5

554.7
20.8

542.2
20.6

526.7
20.7

499.1
20.5

536.3
20.5

531.9
20.6

524.1
20.6

-7.8
0.0

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . .
Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scientific research and development
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other professional and technical services. . .
Management of companies and enterprises. . .
Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . .
Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Travel arrangement and reservation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investigation and security services. . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . .
Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21,875
10,090.9
1,173.3
1,024.6
1,582.3
146.5

22,474
10,516.5
1,179.2
1,064.3
1,671.9
153.9

22,466
10,449.6
1,170.9
1,062.8
1,659.3
153.7

22,707
10,601.3
1,186.6
1,082.2
1,674.7
156.4

21,619
10,073.2
1,168.6
1,076.3
1,570.9
144.3

22,402
10,515.3
1,180.8
1,112.7
1,651.3
153.7

22,454
10,538.6
1,178.7
1,118.6
1,656.4
154.4

22,493
10,581.3
1,182.1
1,123.5
1,663.2
154.7

39
42.7
3.4
4.9
6.8
0.3

2,355.3

2,446.0

2,423.6

2,456.3

2,339.9

2,434.7

2,438.2

2,447.0

8.8

1,700.8

1,774.4

1,769.7

1,807.9

1,675.5

1,772.5

1,777.5

1,784.9

7.4

840.8
455.4
811.9
2,342.7
9,441.4
8,972.7
561.6
157.3
3,843.8
3,146.5
813.0

896.9
491.6
838.3
2,400.0
9,557.2
9,073.4
605.8
157.1
3,817.6
3,090.2
766.4

888.2
487.7
833.7
2,389.0
9,627.5
9,144.7
604.6
157.5
3,912.9
3,174.6
763.0

897.8
493.9
845.5
2,395.9
9,709.8
9,223.1
608.9
158.8
3,985.9
3,241.1
768.6

842.0
452.0
803.7
2,342.9
9,202.4
8,738.2
560.2
156.3
3,699.7
3,025.1
801.6

888.4
489.6
831.6
2,390.4
9,496.6
9,017.9
601.6
156.2
3,872.2
3,155.0
775.7

892.9
489.7
832.2
2,392.8
9,523.0
9,043.2
604.0
157.1
3,882.9
3,167.6
767.3

898.2
491.8
835.9
2,397.0
9,514.9
9,034.2
606.8
157.1
3,884.4
3,179.4
761.5

5.3
2.1
3.7
4.2
-8.1
-9.0
2.8
0.0
1.5
11.8
-5.8

145.6
909.3
2,229.2
312.9

156.7
934.5
2,306.0
329.3

157.0
941.5
2,279.0
329.2

157.4
943.7
2,270.4
329.4

143.7
904.9
2,164.1
307.7

153.6
932.4
2,201.0
325.2

155.2
939.4
2,213.6
323.7

155.7
938.0
2,207.2
323.6

0.5
-1.4
-6.4
-0.1

468.7

483.8

482.8

486.7

464.2

478.7

479.8

480.7

0.9

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of other health practitioners. . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other ambulatory health care
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . .
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential mental health facilities. . . . . .
Community care facilities for the
elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emergency and other relief services. . . . . .
Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . .
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24,048
3,827.8
20,220.2
16,096.0
7,990.9
2,775.6
1,010.1
1,040.9
1,004.4
310.4
1,538.2

24,298
3,585.7
20,712.6
16,468.2
8,211.2
2,838.7
1,047.3
1,095.7
1,030.9
313.7
1,566.7

24,624
3,851.7
20,772.1
16,522.8
8,234.5
2,850.7
1,041.4
1,096.3
1,031.6
311.8
1,579.8

24,954
4,006.7
20,947.7
16,629.8
8,311.2
2,877.0
1,054.2
1,109.9
1,033.5
310.6
1,598.3

23,805
3,651.8
20,153.6
16,056.7
7,965.3
2,766.2
1,006.8
1,036.3
1,005.2
309.7
1,529.2

24,562
3,840.7
20,721.0
16,460.0
8,218.1
2,843.9
1,042.9
1,094.1
1,031.6
314.9
1,571.1

24,653
3,850.8
20,801.7
16,524.6
8,250.2
2,855.3
1,045.9
1,100.1
1,032.0
313.5
1,581.0

24,732
3,859.1
20,872.8
16,577.2
8,280.9
2,864.9
1,050.9
1,106.4
1,033.4
310.2
1,587.1

79
8.3
71.1
52.6
30.7
9.6
5.0
6.3
1.4
-3.3
6.1

311.3
5,128.5
2,976.6
1,356.3
596.6

318.2
5,216.2
3,040.8
1,364.4
614.6

322.9
5,244.3
3,044.0
1,367.4
616.1

327.7
5,254.5
3,064.1
1,378.8
618.0

312.0
5,122.3
2,969.1
1,349.2
597.0

319.7
5,211.9
3,030.0
1,360.6
613.0

322.4
5,237.0
3,037.4
1,362.9
615.8

327.9
5,247.8
3,048.5
1,367.0
617.4

5.5
10.8
11.1
4.1
1.6

870.3
153.4
4,124.2
2,739.2
192.9
276.4
915.7

903.5
158.3
4,244.4
2,825.5
202.6
278.2
938.1

903.6
156.9
4,249.3
2,821.0
200.4
274.7
953.2

909.1
158.2
4,317.9
2,860.1
205.9
276.7
975.2

869.6
153.3
4,096.9
2,734.5
193.3
274.4
894.6

899.0
157.4
4,261.0
2,822.4
204.3
274.7
959.7

901.4
157.4
4,277.1
2,838.7
202.6
275.0
960.9

906.1
158.0
4,295.6
2,848.3
206.9
274.5
965.8

4.7
0.6
18.5
9.6
4.3
-0.5
4.9

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . .

14,805
2,108.8
450.8

16,441
2,568.5
511.3

15,979
2,378.7
524.7

15,902
2,309.3
513.1

14,728
2,123.5
430.3

15,744
2,304.2
490.8

15,851
2,324.2
497.4

15,886
2,333.8
498.8

35
9.6
1.4

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Oct.
2021

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022p

Oct.
2022p

Oct.
2021

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022p

Oct.
2022p

Change
from:
Sept.2022
Oct.2022p

Museums, historical sites, and similar
institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . .

146.4
1,511.6
12,695.7
1,579.6
11,116.1

172.1
1,885.1
13,872.8
1,853.6
12,019.2

163.5
1,690.5
13,600.3
1,762.8
11,837.5

163.1
1,633.1
13,592.4
1,748.2
11,844.2

143.4
1,549.8
12,604.1
1,566.3
11,037.8

161.1
1,652.3
13,440.1
1,719.1
11,721.0

161.5
1,665.3
13,526.7
1,736.7
11,790.0

161.7
1,673.3
13,552.6
1,756.6
11,796.0

0.2
8.0
25.9
19.9
6.0

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Membership associations and organizations. . .

5,571
1,386.8
1,414.5
2,769.4

5,765
1,437.8
1,472.1
2,855.4

5,718
1,436.1
1,468.1
2,813.9

5,750
1,443.6
1,481.2
2,825.4

5,544
1,379.6
1,401.7
2,762.6

5,704
1,427.9
1,460.4
2,815.2

5,724
1,435.9
1,468.3
2,819.7

5,733
1,438.3
1,469.6
2,824.9

9
2.4
1.3
5.2

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .

22,463
2,882
2,283.6
597.9
5,388
2,737.1
2,650.7
14,193
7,876.7
6,316.5

21,494
2,868
2,274.7
592.8
5,000
2,343.1
2,656.9
13,626
7,024.2
6,601.7

22,404
2,875
2,280.1
594.8
5,345
2,700.5
2,644.6
14,184
7,751.1
6,432.4

22,713
2,879
2,280.8
598.1
5,419
2,787.8
2,630.9
14,415
7,991.8
6,423.1

22,094
2,880
2,279.7
600.6
5,224
2,567.3
2,657.0
13,990
7,633.0
6,357.3

22,326
2,864
2,263.9
599.9
5,261
2,618.5
2,642.4
14,201
7,776.2
6,424.6

22,322
2,867
2,268.0
599.1
5,261
2,622.6
2,638.1
14,194
7,755.0
6,439.0

22,350
2,873
2,272.0
601.1
5,254
2,620.8
2,633.1
14,223
7,768.5
6,454.5

28
6
4.0
2.0
-7
-1.8
-5.0
29
13.5
15.5

Industry

Arts, entertainment, and recreation Continued

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3
Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2021

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022p

Oct.
2022p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.8
39.9
44.8
38.8
40.3
40.4
40.2
33.8
34.5
39.4
30.8
38.7
42.3
36.9
37.5
36.7
33.4
26.3
32.4

34.5
39.9
46.2
38.7
40.3
40.7
39.7
33.4
34.0
38.9
30.1
38.4
41.6
36.6
37.4
36.6
33.4
25.6
32.2

34.5
39.9
46.3
38.7
40.3
40.7
39.7
33.5
34.0
38.9
30.1
38.5
42.0
36.6
37.4
36.8
33.4
25.7
32.3

34.5
40.0
46.2
38.9
40.4
40.8
39.6
33.5
34.0
38.8
30.1
38.6
42.5
36.5
37.5
36.7
33.3
25.6
32.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

3.2
3.0
3.4

3.2
3.3
3.1

3.2
3.3
3.0

3.1
3.2
2.9

Industry

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Oct.
2021

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022p

Oct.
2022p

Oct.
2021

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022p

Oct.
2022p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$31.11
31.46
35.30
33.41
30.14
31.62
27.70
31.03
26.67
34.17
22.22
26.74
45.28
44.60
40.55
37.29
30.71
19.19
28.21

$32.36
32.59
36.55
34.91
31.04
32.63
28.38
32.31
27.77
35.21
23.04
28.19
47.25
47.29
41.82
38.91
31.96
20.27
28.65

$32.46
32.71
36.52
35.07
31.14
32.74
28.44
32.40
27.87
35.28
23.08
28.36
47.85
47.66
42.06
38.98
31.98
20.32
28.85

$32.58
32.84
36.56
35.27
31.23
32.82
28.54
32.52
28.00
35.52
23.16
28.43
48.12
47.45
42.11
39.17
32.06
20.43
28.98

$1,082.63
1,255.25
1,581.44
1,296.31
1,214.64
1,277.45
1,113.54
1,048.81
920.12
1,346.30
684.38
1,034.84
1,915.34
1,645.74
1,520.63
1,368.54
1,025.71
504.70
914.00

$1,116.42
1,300.34
1,688.61
1,351.02
1,250.91
1,328.04
1,126.69
1,079.15
944.18
1,369.67
693.50
1,082.50
1,965.60
1,730.81
1,564.07
1,424.11
1,067.46
518.91
922.53

$1,119.87
1,305.13
1,690.88
1,357.21
1,254.94
1,332.52
1,129.07
1,085.40
947.58
1,372.39
694.71
1,091.86
2,009.70
1,744.36
1,573.04
1,434.46
1,068.13
522.22
931.86

$1,124.01
1,313.60
1,689.07
1,372.00
1,261.69
1,339.06
1,130.18
1,089.42
952.00
1,378.18
697.12
1,097.40
2,045.10
1,731.93
1,579.13
1,437.54
1,067.60
523.01
936.05

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Industry

Oct.
2021

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022p

Oct.
2022p

Percent
change
from:
Sept.
2022 Oct.
2022p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

110.0
93.2
81.4
99.7
90.4
88.3
94.3
114.7
105.5
99.3
97.2
138.3
98.7
97.3
108.3
124.4
129.8
110.5
103.6

112.9
96.4
91.6
102.7
93.3
91.7
96.4
117.4
106.8
101.2
96.8
144.1
97.7
101.3
109.9
128.6
134.0
115.0
105.9

113.2
96.6
92.2
103.0
93.5
91.9
96.6
118.1
106.8
101.4
96.7
144.2
98.7
101.6
109.9
129.6
134.5
116.2
106.6

113.4
97.0
92.0
103.5
93.9
92.3
96.5
118.3
106.9
101.4
96.7
144.7
100.1
101.4
110.2
129.4
134.5
116.0
106.8

0.2
0.4
-0.2
0.5
0.4
0.4
-0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.4
-0.2
0.3
-0.2
0.0
-0.2
0.2

1

Oct.
2021

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022p

Oct.
2022p

Percent
change
from:
Sept.
2022 Oct.
2022p

163.6
132.5
115.3
144.7
126.7
124.0
132.6
173.0
151.7
142.0
142.7
188.2
147.7
154.4
171.4
187.8
191.8
171.1
160.1

174.7
141.9
134.4
155.8
134.7
132.9
138.8
184.4
160.0
149.0
147.3
206.6
152.5
170.6
179.2
202.5
206.0
188.1
166.3

175.7
142.8
135.2
156.9
135.3
133.6
139.4
186.0
160.5
149.6
147.5
208.0
156.1
172.4
180.3
204.5
206.9
190.6
168.6

176.7
143.9
135.1
158.7
136.4
134.6
139.8
187.0
161.5
150.6
148.1
209.4
159.1
171.4
181.1
205.3
207.4
191.3
169.6

0.6
0.8
-0.1
1.1
0.8
0.7
0.3
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.4
0.7
1.9
-0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.6

The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)

Percent of all employees

Industry

Oct.
2021

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022p

Oct.
2022p

Oct.
2021

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022p

Oct.
2022p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................... .
Information........................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................... .
Government............................................ .

73,744
60,970
4,684
72
1,034
3,578
1,898
1,680
56,286
11,083
1,719.6
7,590.3
1,637.9
135.6
1,136
4,941
10,012
18,378
7,805
2,931
12,774

76,156
63,180
4,892
83
1,080
3,729
1,990
1,739
58,288
11,459
1,800.5
7,746.7
1,773.2
138.2
1,220
4,998
10,310
18,930
8,334
3,037
12,976

76,337
63,356
4,912
84
1,087
3,741
2,000
1,741
58,444
11,465
1,803.0
7,752.1
1,770.7
138.7
1,232
4,994
10,320
19,017
8,376
3,040
12,981

76,510
63,504
4,926
84
1,089
3,753
2,009
1,744
58,578
11,468
1,806.6
7,749.3
1,772.8
139.2
1,237
5,004
10,330
19,079
8,414
3,046
13,006

49.8
48.4
22.8
12.5
13.9
28.7
24.4
35.7
53.4
39.6
30.1
48.9
26.3
25.1
39.4
56.0
46.3
77.2
53.0
52.9
57.8

49.9
48.4
23.1
13.2
14.0
29.0
24.9
35.8
53.4
39.8
30.5
48.9
27.2
25.5
40.2
55.7
46.0
77.1
52.9
53.2
58.1

49.9
48.5
23.1
13.2
14.1
29.0
25.0
35.7
53.4
39.8
30.5
49.0
27.2
25.5
40.5
55.7
46.0
77.1
52.8
53.1
58.2

49.9
48.5
23.2
13.2
14.1
29.0
25.0
35.7
53.4
39.8
30.5
49.0
27.2
25.6
40.7
55.8
45.9
77.1
53.0
53.1
58.2

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry

Oct.
2021

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022p

Oct.
2022p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... .
Wholesale trade.................................................................. .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing............................................... .
Utilities............................................................................. .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .

102,682
14,626
431
5,502
8,693
5,344
3,349
88,056
23,648
4,543.8
13,263.5
5,411.2
429.1
2,291
6,639
17,506
20,781
12,669
4,522

106,280
15,197
473
5,691
9,033
5,543
3,490
91,083
24,304
4,683.1
13,496.4
5,690.1
434.7
2,417
6,749
17,899
21,354
13,713
4,647

106,500
15,238
472
5,703
9,063
5,562
3,501
91,262
24,303
4,691.0
13,487.6
5,690.0
434.5
2,422
6,755
17,900
21,428
13,787
4,667

106,667
15,267
470
5,713
9,084
5,576
3,508
91,400
24,311
4,704.8
13,478.7
5,692.0
435.7
2,420
6,762
17,886
21,480
13,870
4,671

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Oct.
2021

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022p

Oct.
2022p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.2
40.8
46.7
39.5
41.3
41.2
41.4
33.1
34.4
39.2
30.8
38.5
42.2
36.3
37.4
36.3
32.6
25.0
31.4

33.9
40.6
47.3
39.5
41.0
41.3
40.4
32.8
33.9
39.0
30.2
37.9
42.4
36.2
37.3
36.3
32.6
24.5
31.2

34.0
40.7
48.1
39.5
41.1
41.5
40.5
32.9
34.0
39.0
30.3
37.9
42.0
36.1
37.2
36.6
32.6
24.6
31.2

34.0
40.8
48.0
39.7
41.1
41.6
40.4
32.9
33.9
38.8
30.3
37.9
42.6
36.2
37.2
36.5
32.6
24.5
31.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

4.0
4.0
4.1

3.9
4.1
3.7

3.9
4.1
3.7

3.9
4.1
3.5

Industry

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Oct.
2021

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022p

Oct.
2022p

Oct.
2021

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022p

Oct.
2022p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$26.42
26.88
31.30
30.95
24.17
25.19
22.55
26.32
22.85
28.20
18.92
24.49
40.22
36.91
30.73
31.29
27.79
16.90
24.07

$27.67
28.15
33.14
32.63
25.12
26.27
23.26
27.57
24.07
29.37
19.63
26.42
42.20
38.36
32.44
32.68
29.09
17.93
24.62

$27.77
28.29
33.09
32.83
25.25
26.40
23.38
27.66
24.17
29.55
19.67
26.60
42.34
38.90
32.53
32.76
29.13
17.99
24.77

$27.86
28.41
33.15
32.99
25.35
26.52
23.44
27.75
24.26
29.71
19.76
26.58
42.80
38.93
32.57
32.90
29.23
18.10
24.81

$903.56
1,096.70
1,461.71
1,222.53
998.22
1,037.83
933.57
871.19
786.04
1,105.44
582.74
942.87
1,697.28
1,339.83
1,149.30
1,135.83
905.95
422.50
755.80

$938.01
1,142.89
1,567.52
1,288.89
1,029.92
1,084.95
939.70
904.30
815.97
1,145.43
592.83
1,001.32
1,789.28
1,388.63
1,210.01
1,186.28
948.33
439.29
768.14

$944.18
1,151.40
1,591.63
1,296.79
1,037.78
1,095.60
946.89
910.01
821.78
1,152.45
596.00
1,008.14
1,778.28
1,404.29
1,210.12
1,199.02
949.64
442.55
772.82

$947.24
1,159.13
1,591.20
1,309.70
1,041.89
1,103.23
946.98
912.98
822.41
1,152.75
598.73
1,007.38
1,823.28
1,409.27
1,211.60
1,200.85
952.90
443.45
776.55

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Industry

Oct.
2021

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022p

Oct.
2022p

Percent
change
from:
Sept.
2022 Oct.
2022p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

117.0
91.2
107.0
108.8
82.4
82.7
81.7
124.2
113.8
105.7
103.4
157.7
92.6
94.9
116.9
142.1
144.4
116.0
99.6

120.1
94.3
118.9
112.6
85.0
86.0
83.1
127.3
115.2
108.4
103.1
163.2
94.3
99.9
118.5
145.3
148.4
123.1
101.7

120.7
94.8
120.6
112.8
85.5
86.7
83.5
127.9
115.6
108.6
103.4
163.2
93.3
99.8
118.3
146.5
148.9
124.2
102.1

120.9
95.2
119.9
113.6
85.7
87.1
83.5
128.1
115.3
108.3
103.4
163.3
94.9
100.0
118.4
146.0
149.3
124.5
102.5

0.2
0.4
-0.6
0.7
0.2
0.5
0.0
0.2
-0.3
-0.3
0.0
0.1
1.7
0.2
0.1
-0.3
0.3
0.2
0.4

1

Oct.
2021

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022p

Oct.
2022p

Percent
change
from:
Sept.
2022 Oct.
2022p

206.6
150.1
194.7
181.9
130.3
130.1
130.2
224.2
185.8
176.0
167.6
245.8
155.5
173.4
220.9
264.4
264.9
222.7
174.6

222.0
162.5
229.1
198.3
139.7
141.0
136.5
240.7
198.2
187.9
173.5
274.5
166.0
189.6
236.5
282.3
285.0
250.6
182.4

224.0
164.2
232.2
200.0
141.2
142.9
138.0
242.7
199.6
189.4
174.3
276.3
164.9
192.2
236.7
285.4
286.4
253.8
184.3

225.0
165.6
231.1
202.3
142.1
144.3
138.3
243.9
199.8
190.0
175.0
276.2
169.6
192.7
237.2
285.6
288.0
255.9
185.4

0.4
0.9
-0.5
1.2
0.6
1.0
0.2
0.5
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.0
2.9
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.6
0.8
0.6

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.