Overseas Citizen Population Survey

2024 Overseas Citizen Population Survey (OCPS) OMB Control 0704-0539 (expires 10/31/2026)

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FVAP 2024 Overseas Citizen Population Survey

Please enter your personal Ticket Number:

Please read the following information carefully. It explains the purpose of the 2024 Overseas Citizen Population Survey and how the findings of this survey will be used.

This survey is being conducted by the Federal Voting Assistance Program (FVAP), which works to ensure that all Service members, their eligible family members and overseas citizens are aware of their right to vote and have the tools to do so—from anywhere in the world. This survey will provide FVAP with critical data to help improve the services and information available to voters residing outside of the United States. Data from this survey will be used in reports to the president and Congress; the Department of Defense is required to conduct this survey to meet its reporting requirements under the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (UOCAVA). Some findings from this survey may also be published in professional journals or presented at conferences.

Completing this survey is voluntary. Most people can complete the survey in 15 minutes. This survey does not collect or use personally identifiable information (PII) and is not retrieved by personal identifier. There is no penalty if you choose not to respond. However, we strongly encourage you to participate so that the data will be complete and representative. Your responses will be treated as confidential. Identifying information will not be collected in this survey or delivered to FVAP.

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Additional Information

Survey Eligibility and Potential Benefits:

A sample of registered voters requesting absentee ballots to be sent to an international address was selected to participate in the survey. There is no direct benefit for your individual participation; however, your responses, when combined with the responses from other overseas citizens, will make a difference in helping identify absentee voting difficulties that arise and areas where FVAP’s products and services can be improved.

Statement of Risk:

The data collection procedures do not involve any substantial risk of disclosure of data.

If you experience any difficulties completing the survey, please contact the Survey Processing Center by sending an email to [email protected]. If you have concerns about your rights as a research participant, please contact the OUSD (P&R) Research Regulatory Oversight Office at 703-681-6522/703-681-8320 or e-mail [email protected].

Once you start answering the survey, if you desire to withdraw your answers, please notify the Survey Processing Center before June 17, 2025. Please include in the email or phone message your name and ticket number. Unless withdrawn, partially completed survey data may be used after that date.

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Paperwork Reduction Act Notice

The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 15 minutes per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to the Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Executive Services Directorate, Directives Division, Office of Information Management, 4800 Mark Center Drive, East Tower, Suite 03F09, Alexandria, VA 22350-3100 (0704-0539). Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number.

PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR RESPONSE TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS.

Thank you for participating in our survey. It is only by hearing from everyone that we can be sure that the results are truly representative. Your participation is voluntary and you may choose not to answer specific questions.

INTRO AND SCREENER QUESTIONS

Q1. Are you a citizen of the United States?

Value	Value Label
1	Yes
0	No
-99	Refused

Q2. Were you serving in the military on November 5, 2024?

Value	Value Label
1	Yes
0	No
-99	Refused

Q3. On November 5, 2024, where was your country of residence? [Drop Down Menu]

Value	Value Label
XX	Country of Residence
-99	Refused

//If Q3 = United States, only allow dates on and after November, 2024.//

Q4. What was the last month and year in which your primary residence was in the United States? Please estimate if you are unsure of the exact month and year. [Drop Down Menu]

Value	Value Label
XX/XX	Month/Year
-99	Refused

Q5. In the 12 months before November 5, 2024, how many times had you traveled to the United States? [Open End Text]

Value	Value Label
XX	Traveled to US
-99	Refused

Q6. For what reason(s) were you in [pipe in Q3 response or country indicated in frame] on November 5, 2024? Mark all that apply.

//Randomize order of response options 1-8.//

Value	Value Label
1	Born outside the United States
2	Moved to be with family
3	Military spouse or military dependent
4	Retirement
5	Employment opportunities
6	Citizen of the destination country
7	Educational or research opportunities
8	Volunteer work
9	Quality of life reasons
10	Other (please specify)

Value	Value Label
1	Selected
0	Not Selected
-99	Refused

//If Q6=10, continue to Q6A. Else skip to “YOUR 2024 VOTING EXPERIENCE” introduction page.//

Q6A. Please specify the additional reason(s) you were living in [pipe in Q3 response or country indicated in frame] on November 5, 2024. Do not provide any personally identifiable information (PII). [Open End Text]

VOTING EXPERIENCE

//Between Q6A and Q7, insert page with section header and section intro text.//

YOUR 2022 VOTING EXPERIENCE

Many people were not able to vote because they weren't registered, they were sick, they didn't have time, or something else happened to prevent them from voting. And sometimes, people who usually vote or who planned to vote forget that something unusual happened on Election Day in a particular year that prevented them from voting. So please think carefully for a minute about the general election held on November 5, 2024.

Q7. During the months leading up to the general election held on November 5, 2024, did you ever plan to vote in that election, or did you not plan to vote?

Value	Value Label
1	Did plan to vote
0	Did not plan to vote
-99	Refused

Q8. In the general election held on November 5, 2024, did you definitely vote in person on Election Day; definitely complete an absentee ballot by mail, email, fax, or online on or before November 5, 2024; definitely not vote; or are you not completely sure whether you voted in that election?

Value	Value Label
1	Definitely voted in person
2	Definitely voted by mail
3	Definitely voted by email
4	Definitely voted at an online website
5	Definitely voted by fax
6	Definitely did not vote
7	Not sure
-99	Refused

Q9. Did you request an absentee ballot for the general election held on November 5, 2024?

Value	Value Label
1	Yes
0	No
2	Not sure
-99	Refused

//If Q9=1, continue to Q9A. Else skip to Q10.//

Q9A. In what month did you first request your absentee ballot for the general election held on November 5, 2024 ? [Drop Down Menu]

Value	Value Label
0	Prior to 2024
1	January 2024
2	February 2024
3	March 2024
4	April 2024
5	May 2024
6	June 2024
7	July 2024
8	August 2024
9	September 2024
10	October 2024
11	November 2024
-98	Do not recall
-99	Refused
-100	Valid Skip

Q9B. How did you obtain your absentee ballot for the general election held on November 5, 2024?

Value	Value Label
1	Mail
2	Email
3	Website
4	Fax
5	I’m unsure how I submitted an absentee ballot request.
-99	Refused
-100	Valid Skip

Q9C. For which of the following reasons did you choose to receive your absentee ballot by [pipe previous item’s response].

Value	Value Label
1	Convenience
2	Reliability
3	Ease of use
4	Cost
5	Speed
6	Habit
7	I was not aware of other options
8	Other (please specify)
-99	Refused
-100	Valid Skip

Q9D. Please specify your reason for choosing to receive your absentee ballot by [pipe previous item’s response]. Do not provide any personally identifiable information (PII). [Open End Text]

//Show if Q9C = 8 (“Other”)//

Q10. Did you expect to receive an absentee ballot automatically from an election official for the general election held on November 5, 2024?

Value	Value Label
1	Yes
0	No
2	Not sure
-99	Refused

//If Q9=1 OR Q10=1, continue to Q10A. Else skip to Q11.//

Q10A. Was this the first time you requested an absentee ballot or expected to receive one automatically while living in [pipe in Q3 response or country indicated in the frame]?

Value	Value Label
1	Yes
0	No
-99	Refused
-100	Valid Skip

Q11. Did you receive an absentee ballot from an election official for the general election held on November 5, 2024?

Value	Value Label
1	Yes
2	Not sure
0	No
-99	Refused

The Federal Write-In Absentee Ballot (FWAB; Standard Form 186) is a backup way to vote in case your requested absentee ballot does not arrive in time for you to vote and return your ballot. It lets you write in the names of the candidate you wish to vote for.

Please answer with the most appropriate response regarding the general election held on November 5, 2024.

Q12. Did you obtain a Federal Write-In Absentee Ballot (FWAB) for the general election held on November 5, 2024?

Value	Value Label
1	Yes
2	Not sure
0	No
-99	Refused

//If Q12=1, continue to Q12A. Else skip to Q13.//

Q12A. How did you obtain a Federal Write-In Absentee Ballot (FWAB) for the general election held on November 5, 2024?

Value	Value Label
1	Printable FWAB downloaded from FVAP.gov
2	Online assistant tool at FVAP.gov that guides voters in completing the FWAB
3	From some other contact with the Federal Voting Assistance Program (FVAP)
4	From a U.S. embassy or consulate
5	From a state or local election official
6	From a non-FVAP website
7	Some other source
8	I’m unsure how I received an absentee ballot
-99	Refused
-100	Valid Skip

12Asp. Please specify the other source from which you obtained your Federal Write-In Absentee Ballot (FWAB). Do not provide any personally identifiable information (PII).

//Show if Q12A = 7 (“Some other source”)

Q12B. What was the MAIN REASON you used the Federal Write-In Absentee Ballot (FWAB) for the general election held on November 5, 2024?

//Show if Q12A = Options 1 – 7//

Value	Value Label
1	My absentee ballot did not arrive
2	My absentee ballot arrived too late
3	I was concerned my absentee ballot would not be returned by the deadline/would not be counted
4	I forgot to request an absentee ballot
5	Some other reason
-99	Refused
-100	Valid Skip

Q12C. Please specify the MAIN REASON you used the Federal Write-In Absentee Ballot (FWAB). Do not provide any personally identifiable information (PII).

//Show if Q12B = 8 (“Other (please specify)”)//

//If Q11=1, continue to Q13. Else skip to Q14.//

Q13. Did you return your absentee ballot for the general election held on November 5, 2024?

Value	Value Label
1	Yes
2	Not sure
0	No
-99	Refused
-100	Valid Skip

Q13A. How did you return your absentee ballot for the general election held on November 5, 2024?

Value	Value Label
1	Mail
2	Email
3	Website
4	Fax
5	I’m unsure how I returned my absentee ballot

Q13B. When did you return your absentee ballot for the general election held on November 5, 2024? [Drop Down Menu]

Value	Value Label
1	November 2024
2	Late-October 2024
3	Early-October 2024
4	Late-September 2024
5	Early-September 2024
6	August 2024
7	Earlier than August 2024
8	Do not recall
-99	Refused
-100	Valid Skip

//Show if respondent indicated they used postal mail to return their absentee ballot.//

Q13C. What type of mail service did you use to submit your absentee ballot?

Value	Value Label
1	National mail service owned or operated by the government of [pipe in Q3 response or country indicated in frame]
2	FedEx, UPS, DHL or other private delivery carrier
3	Mail service provided by the U.S. Government in [pipe in Q3 response or country indicated in frame] (e.g., U.S. consulate, military base)
4	Other
-99	Refused
-100	Valid Skip

//If Q12=1, continue to Q14. Else skip to Q15.//

Q14. Did you use the Federal Write-In Absentee Ballot (FWAB) to cast your vote for the general election held on November 5, 2024?

Value	Value Label
1	Yes
2	Not sure
0	No
-99	Refused
-100	Valid Skip

//If Q14=1, continue to Q14A. Else skip to Q15.//

Q14A. How did you return your Federal Write-In Absentee Ballot (FWAB) for the general election held on November 5, 2024?

Value	Value Label
1	Mail
2	Email
3	Website
4	Fax
5	I’m unsure how I submitted my FWAB

//If Q14=1, continue to Q14B. Else skip to Q15.//

Q14B. When did you return your Federal Write-In Absentee Ballot (FWAB) for the general election held on November 5, 2024? [Drop Down Menu]

Value	Value Label
1	November 2024
2	Late-October 2024
3	Early-October 2024
4	Late-September 2024
5	Early-September 2024
6	August 2024
7	Earlier than August 2024
8	Do not recall
-99	Refused
-100	Valid Skip

Q14C. What type of mail service did you use to submit your FWAB?

Value	Value Label
1	National mail service owned or operated by the government of [pipe in Q3 response or country indicated in frame]
2	FedEx, UPS, DHL or other private delivery carrier
3	Mail service provided by the U.S. Government in [pipe in Q3 response or country indicated in frame] (e.g., U.S. consulate, military base)
4	Other
-99	Refused
-100	Valid Skip

Q15. How would you characterize the reliability of the following mail services?

Variable Name	Variable Text	Variable Label
Q15_1	National mail service owned or operated by the government of [pipe in Q3 response or country indicated in frame]	Q15_1 National mail service owned or operated by the government of country
Q15_2	FedEx, UPS, DHL or other private delivery carrier	Q15_2 FedEx, UPS, DHL or other private delivery carrier
Q15_3	Mail service provided by the U.S. Government in [pipe in Q3 response or country indicated in frame] (e.g., U.S. consulate, military base/APO/FPO/DPO)	Q15_3 Mail service provided by the U.S. Government in country

Value	Value Label
1	Selected
0	Not Selected
-99	Refused

//If Q13=0 OR -98, continue to Q16. Else skip to Q17.//

Q16. What was the main reason you did not vote in the general election held on November 5, 2024?

Value	Value Label
1	I tried/wanted to vote but did not or could not complete the process
2	I did not want to vote
-99	Refused
-100	Valid Skip

Q17. Did you experience any of the following situations leading up to the general election held on November 8, 2022? Mark “Yes” or “No” for each item.

//Randomize order of all subitems.//

Variable Name	Variable Text	Variable Label
Q17_1	I had difficulty figuring out how to vote	Q17_1 Difficulty figuring out how to vote
Q17_2	I had difficulty registering to vote	Q17_2 Difficulty registering to vote
Q17_3	I had difficulty requesting absentee ballot	Q17_3 Difficulty requesting absentee ballot
Q17_4	My absentee ballot arrived late	Q17_4 Absentee ballot arrived late
Q17_5	I had difficulty returning ballot	Q17_5 Difficulty returning ballot
Q17_6	I had difficulty with mailing system	Q17_6 Difficulty with mailing system
Q17_7	I was unsure what U.S. address to use on my absentee ballot	Q17_7 Unsure of address to use
Q17_8	I had difficulty accessing my state's election website	Q17_8 Difficulty accessing State's election website
Q17_9	My absentee ballot did not arrive at all	Q17_9 My absentee ballot did not arrive at all
Q17_10	The voting process was too complicated	Q17_10_The voting process was too complicated
Q17_11	Other challenge	Q17_11 Other

Value	Value Label
1	Yes
0	No
-99	Refused

//If Q17_11=1, continue to Q17A. Else skip to Q18.//

Q17A. Please specify the other challenge that you experienced. Do not provide any Personally Identifiable Information (PII). [Open Text Box]

Q18. Using the scale below, evaluate your knowledge of voting deadlines in [state of registration].

Variable Name	Variable Text
Q18_1	Knowledge of your state's deadline to register to vote
Q18_2	Knowledge of your state's deadline to request an absentee ballot
Q18_3	Knowledge of your state's deadline to return an absentee ballot

Value	Value Label
5	Excellent
4	Good
3	Average
2	Fair
1	Poor
-99	Refused

Q19. Taking all things into consideration, how satisfied were you with the overall absentee voting process?

Value	Value Label
5	Very satisfied
4	Satisfied
3	Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
2	Dissatisfied
1	Very dissatisfied
-99	Refused

//If Q19=2 OR 1, continue to Q19A. Else skip to Q20.//

Q19A. Please specify why you were dissatisfied with the overall absentee voting process. Do not provide any personally identifiable information (PII). [Open End Text]

Q20. Thinking about the most recent election, to what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements?

Variable Name	Variable Text
Q20_1	Voting is an effective way to express my opinion on the issues in an election
Q20_2	Voting is an effective way to express my opinion on which candidates should win the election
Q20_3	If others found out I did not vote in this election, I would feel ashamed
Q20_4	I was confident that my ballot would be counted
Q20_5	I would have liked the option to vote online

Value	Value Label
5	Strongly agree
4	Agree
3	Neither agree nor disagree
2	Disagree
1	Strongly disagree
-99	Refused

//If Q20_5=5 OR 4, continue to Q20A. Else skip to Q21.//

Q20A. You indicated you would have liked the option to vote online. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements about online voting? Mark one answer for each item.

Variable Name	Variable Text
Q20A_1	I am concerned that voting online would reveal my personal information to the public
Q20A_2	I am concerned that voting online would allow my ballot to be tied to my identity
Q20A_3	I am confident that my ballot would be accurately recorded if I voted online

Value	Value Label
5	Strongly agree
4	Agree
3	Neither agree nor disagree
2	Disagree
1	Strongly disagree
-99	Refused

VOTING RESOURCES

Many people were unable to vote because they weren’t registered, they were sick, they didn’t have time, or something else happened to prevent them from voting. And sometimes, people who usually vote or who planned to vote forget that something unusual happened on Election Day in a particular year that prevented them from voting.

VOTING RESOURCES

The Federal Voting Assistance Program (FVAP) provides the following services to help overseas citizens successfully complete the absentee voting process.

FVAP.gov:

FVAP.gov provides customized, voting-related information and resources for all citizens covered by the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (UOCAVA).

The website also provides State-specific election information, including dates, deadlines and contact information that voters can rely on to adhere to their State’s absentee voting process. Other products and services, such as fact sheets and FAQs, are also available at FVAP.gov.

FVAP staff support:

FVAP provides support through email at [email protected] and a toll-free telephone service, which allows American citizens living overseas who are eligible to vote to ask FVAP staff for voting information or assistance.

FVAP Online Assistant:

FVAP offers an easy-to-use Online Assistant at FVAP.gov to guide voters in completing Federal Post Card Applications (FPCA) and Federal Write-In Absentee Ballots (FWAB).

The Online Assistant tool simplifies the completion of FPCAs and FWABs by providing State-specific information and instructions on how to download, print and return forms to election offices.

Q21. Before taking this survey, were you aware of the Federal Voting Assistance Program (FVAP) or its services?

Value	Value Label
1	Yes
0	No
-99	Refused

Q22. Did you hear, see, or receive any messages from the Federal Voting Assistance Program (FVAP) in the past year about the general election held on November 2024, such as through the web, social media, email or an organization?

Value	Value Label
1	Yes
0	No
-99	Refused

//If Q22=1, continue to Q22A. Else skip to Q23.//

Q22A. Please specify where you heard, saw, or received messages from the Federal Voting Assistance Program (FVAP).

Value	Value Label
Q22A_1	FVAP.gov or other FVAP communication
Q22A_2	Social media (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, etc.)
Q22A_3	News stories
Q22A_4	Word of mouth
Q22A_5	Web search on Google, Yahoo, or another search engine
Q22A_6	An official U.S. government source, i.e., embassy, consulate, State Department, or military installation
Q22A_7	Work or school
Q22A_8	A civic organization, political party, or organization for Americans living abroad
Q22_9	Other
-99	Refused
-100	Valid Skip

Q22B. Please specify the other source where you heard, saw, or received messages from the Federal Voting Assistance Program (FVAP). Do not provide any personally identifiable information (PII).

//Show if Q22A = 9 (“Other”)//

Q23. Which, if any, of the following do you recall seeing, reading, or hearing from the Federal Voting Assistance Program (FVAP)? Mark all that apply.

[Insert 4 to 6 Screenshots]

Value	Value Label
1	Yes
0	No
-99	Refused

//If Q21=1, show Q24_1, Q24_2, AND Q24_3.//

Q24. Please indicate which FVAP products or services you used for voting assistance for the general election held on November 5, 2024. Mark all that apply.

//Randomize order of all subitems.//

Variable Name	Variable Text	Variable Label
Q24_1	FVAP.gov	Q24_1 Visited FVAP.gov
Q24_2	FVAP staff support	Q24_2 Used FVAP staff support
Q24_3	FVAP online assistant	Q24_3 Visited FVAP Online Assistant tool
Q24_4	Visited state or local election office website	Q24_4 Visited State or local election office website
Q24_5	Used U.S. government voting assistance resources in [pipe in Q3 response or country indicated in frame]	Q24_5 Used U.S. government voting assistance resources in country
Q24_6	Other	Q24_6_Other

Value	Value Label
1	Selected
0	Not selected
-99	Refused

Q24sp. Please specify the other FVAP resource you used. Do not provide any personally identifiable information (PII).

//Show if Q24 = 6 (“Other”)//

//Show if respondent indicated they used two or more resources in Q24.//

//If Q24_1=1 OR Q24_3=1, continue to Q25. Else skip to Q26.//

Q25. Overall, how satisfied or dissatisfied were you with the FVAP.gov website when you visited it in 2022?

Value	Value Label
1	Very satisfied
2	Satisfied
3	Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
4	Dissatisfied
5	Very dissatisfied
-99	Refused
-100	Valid Skip

//If Q24_4=1, continue to Q26. Else skip to Q27.//

Q26. What source led you to visit your state or local election office website when you visited in anticipation of the general election held on November 5, 2024?

//Randomize order of response options1-5.//

Value	Value Label
1	FVAP.gov
2	Internet search
3	State or local election official
4	Family or friend
5	State Department or Consular Services
6	Other
-99	Refused
-100	Valid Skip

The Federal Post Card Application (FPCA) is a single form that you can use to register to vote and/or request an absentee ballot for federal elections.

Some states require eligible voters who vote absentee to use the FPCA to request an absentee ballot.

Q27. Were you aware that you could use the FPCA to register to vote and request an absentee ballot for the general election held on November 5, 2024?

Value	Value Label
1	Yes
0	No
-99	Refused

//If Q27=1 AND Q9=1, continue to Q27A. Else skip to Q28.//

Q27A. Did you use the Federal Post Card Application (FPCA) to request your absentee ballot or did you use another method for the general election held on November 5, 2024?

//Randomize order of response options1-4.//

Value	Value Label
1	Yes, I used an FPCA to request an absentee ballot.
2	No, I used a state or local form to request an absentee ballot.
3	No, I used a non-government website (e.g., Rock the Vote [RTV], Overseas Vote Foundation [OVF]) to request an absentee ballot.
4	No, I used another method.
-99	Refused

Q27Asp. Please specify the other method you used to request an absentee ballot. Do not provide any personally identifiable information (PII).

//Show if Q27A = 4 (“No, I used another method”)

//If Q27A=2, continue to Q27B. Else skip to Q27C.//

Q27B. For which of the following reasons did you use a state or local form to request an absentee ballot for the general election held on November 5, 2024? Mark all that apply.

Value	Value Label	Variable Label
Q27B_1	I have always used a state or local form	Q27B_1 Always used state or local form
Q27B_2	I did not know about the FPCA	Q27B_2 Did not know about FPCA
Q27B_3	I just used the form sent to me by the election official	Q27B_3 Used form from election official
Q27B_4	I just used the form I was provided	Q27B_4 Used form provided
Q27B_5	Other	Q27B_5 Other

Value	Value Label
1	Selected
0	Not selected
-99	Refused
-100	Valid Skip

//If Q27A=1, continue to Q27C. Else skip to Q28.//

Q27C. How did you obtain your Federal Post Card Application (FPCA) for the general election held on November 5, 2024?

Value	Value Label
1	Printable FPCA downloaded from FVAP.gov
2	Online assistant tool at FVAP.gov that guides voters in completing an FPCA
3	From some other contact with the Federal Voting Assistance Program (FVAP)
4	From a U.S. embassy or consulate
5	From a State or local election official
6	From a non-FVAP website
7	Some other source
-99	Refused
-100	Valid Skip

//If Q12=0 OR -98, continue to Q28. Else skip to Q29.//

Q28. Were you aware that you could use the Federal Write-In Absentee Ballot (FWAB) as a backup way to vote in case your requested absentee ballot does not arrive in time to vote?

Value	Value Label
1	Yes
0	No
-99	Refused
-100	Valid Skip

Q29. Did you receive information about the absentee voting process from any of the following sources in 2024? Mark “Yes” or “No” for each item.

//Randomize order of subitems Q29_1-Q29_10.//

Variable Name	Variable Text	Variable Label
Q29_1	State or local election official	Q29_1 State or local election official
Q29_2	U.S. newspapers, magazines, radio, or TV	Q29_2 U.S. newspapers magazines radio or TV
Q29_3	International newspapers, magazines, radio, or TV	Q29_3 International newspapers magazines radio or TV
Q29_4	Family or friends living outside of [pipe in Q3 response or country indicated in frame]	Q29_4 Family or friends living outside of country
Q29_5	Family or friends living in [pipe in Q3 response or country indicated in frame]	Q29_5 Family or friends living in country
Q29_6	Internet other than social media	Q29_6 Internet other than social media
Q29_7	Social media (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, blogs)	Q29_7 Social media
Q29_8	Directly from candidates/parties	Q29_8 Directly from candidates/parties
Q29_9	Employer/HR department	Q29_9 Employer/HR department
Q29_10	An organization for Americans living abroad	Q29_10 Organization for Americans living abroad
Q29_11	FVAP	Q29_11_FVAP
Q29_12	Other	Q29_12 Other

Value	Value Label
1	Yes
0	No
-99	Refused

Q30. Which of the following do you use at least once a month to get news or news headlines about U.S. politics and/or elections? Mark all that apply.

Variable Name	Variable Text	Variable Label
Q30_1	U.S. national TV news	Q30_1 U.S. national TV news
Q30_2	Local TV news in your country of residence	Q30_2 Local TV news in your country of residence
Q30_3	Local newspaper in your country of residence	Q30_3 Local newspaper in your country of residence
Q30_4	U.S. national newspapers such as Wall Street Journal, USA Today, or Washington Post	Q30_4 U.S. national newspapers
Q30_5	Print or online news magazines such as The Atlantic, Mother Jones, or National Review	Q30_5 Print or online news magazines
Q30_6	Online-only news websites such as Breitbart, Politico, Vox, or Yahoo News	Q30_6 Online-only news websites
Q30_7	U.S. public radio station such as NPR	Q30_7 U.S. public radio station
Q30_8	International news outlets (newspapers, magazines, radio, or TV)	Q30_8 International news outlets
Q30_9	Web search on Google, Yahoo, or another search engine	Q30_9 Web search
Q30_10	Other	Q30_10 Other

Value	Value Label
1	Selected
0	Not selected
-99	Refused

//If Q30=10, continue to Q30A. Else skip to Q31.//

Q30A. Please specify the additional source(s) you use at least once a month to get news or news headlines about U.S. politics and/or elections. Do not provide any personally identifiable information (PII).

Q31. In the months leading up to the general election held on November 5, 2024, did you have reliable access to the following? Mark “Yes” or “No” for each item.

Variable Name	Variable Text	Variable Label
Q31_1	Internet	Q31_1 Internet
Q31_2	Fax machine	Q31_2 Fax machine
Q31_3	Printer	Q31_3 Printer
Q31_4	Scanner	Q31_4 Scanner
Q31_5	Cell phone service	Q31_5_Cell phone service

Value	Value Label
1	Yes
0	No
-99	Refused

Q32. How would you characterize the reliability of internet access in [pipe in Q3 response or country indicated in frame]?

Value	Value Label
1	Very unreliable
2	Unreliable
3	Neither reliable nor unreliable
4	Reliable
5	Very reliable
-99	Refused

Q33. How interested or uninterested were you in the general election held on November 5, 2024?

Value	Value Label
1	Very interested
2	Somewhat interested
3	Neither interested nor uninterested
4	Somewhat uninterested
5	Very uninterested
-99	Refused

Q34. Did you have any preferences regarding the candidates in the general election held on November 5, 2024?

Value	Value Label
1	No preference for a candidate/candidates
2	Weak preference for a candidate/candidates
3	Moderate preference for a candidate/candidates
4	Strong preference for a candidate/candidates
-99	Refused

Q35. How much attention did you pay in October 2024 to news about U.S. politics and the general election held on November 5, 2024?

Value	Value Label
1	A great deal
2	A lot
3	A moderate amount
4	A little
5	None at all
-99	Refused

Q36. Do you use any of the following social networking sites or apps at least once a month? Mark "Yes" or "No" for each item.

Variable Name	Variable Text	Variable Label
Q36_1	Facebook	Q36_1 Facebook
Q36_2	Instagram	Q36_2 Instagram
Q36_3	Twitter	Q36_3 Twitter
Q36_4	LinkedIn	Q36_4 LinkedIn
Q36_5	Pinterest	Q36_5 Pinterest
Q36_6	Tumblr	Q36_6 Tumblr
Q36_7	Reddit	Q36_7 Reddit
Q36_8	Snapchat	Q36_8 Snapchat
Q36_9	YouTube	Q36_9 YouTube
Q36_10	Periscope	Q36_10 Periscope
Q36_11	Whatsapp	Q36_11 Whatsapp
Q36_12	TikTok	Q36_12 TikTok
Q36_13	Other	Q36_13 Other

Value	Value Label
1	Yes
0	No
-99	Refused

//If Q36_13=1, continue to Q36A. Else skip to Q37.//

Q36A. Please specify the other social networking sites or apps you have used at least once a month. Do not provide any personally identifiable information (PII).

Q37. Do you ever use social networking sites like Facebook, Instagram, or Twitter to do any of the following? Mark “Yes” or “No” for each item.

//Randomize order of subitems.//

Variable Name	Variable Text	Variable Label
Q37_1	Post links to political stories or articles for others to read	Q37_1 Social Network Activity: Post Political Stories
Q37_2	Post your own thoughts or comments on political or social issues	Q37_2 Social Network Activity: Post Comments
Q37_3	Encourage other people to take action on a political or social issue that is important to you	Q37_3 Social Network Activity: Encourage Action
Q37_4	Encourage other people to vote	Q37_4 Social Network Activity: Encourage Voting
Q37_5	Repost content related to political or social issues that was originally posted by someone else	Q37_5 Social Network Activity: Repost Content
Q37_6	”Like” or promote material related to political or social issues that others have posted	Q37_6 Social Network Activity: “Like” Posted Content

Value	Value Label
1	Yes
0	No
-99	Refused

Q38. In the past year, which of the following groups or organizations of Americans living abroad have you engaged with? Mark all that apply.

Variable Name	Variable Text	Variable Label
Q38_1	Political party-based organization(s)	Q38_1 Political party-based organization(s)
Q38_2	American Citizens Abroad	Q38_2 American Citizens Abroad
Q38_3	Expat Exchange	Q38_3 Expat Exchange
Q38_4	Association of Americans Resident Overseas	Q38_4 Association of Americans Resident Overseas
Q38_5	American Women's Club	Q38_5 American Women’s Club
Q38_6	Overseas Vote Foundation	Q38_6 Overseas Vote Foundation
Q38_7	Other	Q38_7 Other

Value	Value Label
1	Selected
0	Not selected
-99	Refused

//If Q38_7=1, continue to Q38A. Else skip to Q39.//

Q38A. Please specify the additional organization(s) of Americans living abroad you have engaged with. Do not provide any personally identifiable information (PII).

Q39. How many U.S. citizens, aged 18 and older, would you estimate you know who resided in [pipe in country of residence if Q3 is blank; pipe Q3 response if not blank] on November 5, 2024? [Open End Text]

//If Q39>0, continue to Q39A. Else skip to Q40.//

Q39A. How many of the U.S. citizens in [pipe in Q3 response or country indicated in frame] that you know would you estimate you talked to about absentee voting procedures? [Open End Text]

//Limit maximum number to the response given in Q39.//

//If Q39A>0, continue to Q39B. Else skip to Q40.//

Q39B. Of the U.S. citizens, aged 18 and older, who you knew in [pipe in Q3 response or country indicated in frame] on November 5, 2024, how many of them would you estimate requested an absentee ballot or had an absentee ballot sent to them for the election held on November 5, 2024? [Open End Text]

//Limit maximum number to the response given in Q39A.//

//If Q39A>0, continue to Q39C. Else skip to Q40.//

Q39C. How many U.S. citizens, aged 18 and older, resided at your primary address in [pipe in Q3 response or country indicated in frame] on November 5, 2024?

//Limit maximum number to the response given in Q39A.//

Q40. Thinking about the other U.S. citizens you know in [pipe in Q3 response or country indicated in frame], would you say they are more or less interested in U.S. elections as you are?

Value	Value Label
1	They are much more interested than I am.
2	They are somewhat more interested than I am.
3	They are about equally as interested as I am.
4	They are somewhat less interested than I am.
5	They are much less interested than I am.
-99	Refused

Q41. Do you speak a language other than English at home?

Value	Value Label
1	Yes
0	No
-99	Refused

//If Q41=1, continue to Q41A. Else skip to Q42.//

Q41A. Please specify which language other than English you speak at home from the list below.

Value	Value Label
1	Spanish
2	Mandarin Chinese
3	French
4	Tagalog
5	Vietnamese
6	Cantonese
7	Korean
8	Arabic
9	A Native American Language
10	German
11	Other
-99	Refused

Q41B. Please specify what language other than English you speak at home. Do not provide any personally identifiable information (PII).

//Show if Q41A = 11 (“Other”) OR 9 (“A Native American Language”)//

Q42. How well do you speak English?

Value	Value Label
1	Very well
2	Well
3	Not well
4	Not at all
-99	Refused

//If Q4 ≥ 11/2000 (i.e., on or after November, 2000), continue to Q43. Else skip to Q44.//

Q43. Did you live outside of the United States during the following dates?

Variable Name	Variable Text	SHOW IF
Q43_2000	November 2000	Q4 ≥ 11/2000
Q43_2002	November 2002	Q4 ≥ 11/2002
Q43_2004	November 2004	Q4 ≥ 11/2004
Q43_2006	November 2006	Q4 ≥ 11/2006
Q43_2008	November 2008	Q4 ≥ 11/2008
Q43_2010	November 2010	Q4 ≥ 11/2010
Q43_2012	November 2012	Q4 ≥ 11/2012
Q43_2014	November 2014	Q4 ≥ 11/2014
Q43_2016	November 2016	Q4 ≥ 11/2016
Q43_2018	November 2018	Q4 ≥ 11/2018
Q43_2020	November 2020	Q4 ≥ 11/2020
Q43_2022	November 2022	Q4 ≥ 11/2022

Value	Value Label
1	Yes
0	No
-99	Refused
-100	Valid Skip

//If respondent answered Q4, only allow dates on and after Q4 response.//

Q44. In which month and year did you last move to [pipe in Q3 response or country indicated in frame]? Please estimate if you are unsure of the exact month and year. [Drop Down Menu]

Value	Value Label
XX/XX	Month/Year
-99	Refused

Q45. Did you also live in [pipe in Q3 response or country indicated in frame] during the following dates?

Variable Name	Variable Text	SHOW IF
Q45_2000	November 2000	Q43≥11/2000 AND Q44_2000≠0Where is Q7a? 2000)000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
Q45_2002	November 2002	Q43≥11/2002 AND Q44_2002≠0
Q45_2004	November 2004	Q43≥11/2004 AND Q44_2004≠0
Q45_2006	November 2006	Q43≥11/2006 AND Q44_2006≠0
Q45_2008	November 2008	Q43≥11/2008 AND Q44_2008≠0
Q45_2010	November 2010	Q43≥11/2010 AND Q44_2010≠0
Q45_2012	November 2012	Q43≥11/2012 AND Q44_2012≠0
Q45_2014	November 2014	Q43≥11/2014 AND Q44_2014≠0
Q45_2016	November 2016	Q43≥11/2016 AND Q44_2016≠0
Q45_2018	November 2018	Q43≥11/2018 AND Q44_2018≠0
Q45_2020	November 2020	Q43≥11/2020 AND Q44_2020≠0
Q45_2022	November 2022	Q43≥11/2022 AND Q44_2022≠0

Value	Value Label
1	Yes
0	No
-99	Refused

//If respondent answered Q44, only allow dates on and after Q44 response.//

Q46. In which month and year did you last move to your current address in [pipe in Q3 response or country indicated in frame]? Please estimate if you are unsure of the exact month and year. [Drop Down Menu]

Value	Value Label
XX/XX	Month/Year
-99	Refused

Q46A. Did you also live at your current address during the following dates?

Variable Name	Variable Text	SHOW IF
Q46A_2000	November 2000	Q46≥11/2000 AND Q44_2000≠0Where is Q7a? 2000)000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
Q46A_2002	November 2002	Q46≥11/2002 AND Q44_2002≠0
Q46A_2004	November 2004	Q46≥11/2004 AND Q44_2004≠0
Q46A_2006	November 2006	Q46≥11/2006 AND Q44_2006≠0
Q46A_2008	November 2008	Q46≥11/2008 AND Q44_2008≠0
Q46A_2010	November 2010	Q46≥11/2010 AND Q44_2010≠0
Q46A_2012	November 2012	Q46≥11/2012 AND Q44_2012≠0
Q46A_2014	November 2014	Q46≥11/2014 AND Q44_2014≠0
Q46A_2016	November 2016	Q46≥11/2016 AND Q44_2016≠0
Q46A_2018	November 2018	Q46≥11/2018 AND Q44_2018≠0
Q46A_2020	November 2020	Q46≥11/2020 AND Q44_2020≠0
Q46A_2022	November 2022	Q46≥11/2022 AND Q44_2022≠0

Value	Value Label
1	Yes
0	No
-99	Refused

DEMOGRAPHICS

MORE ABOUT YOU

We would like to know more about you. These items are for statistical purposes only.

Q47. Are you Spanish/Hispanic/Latino?

Value	Value Label
1	No, not Spanish/Hispanic/Latino
2	Yes, Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano, Puerto Rican, Cuban, or other Spanish/Hispanic/Latino
-99	Refused

Q48. What is your race? Mark all that apply.

Variable Name	Variable Text	Variable Label
Q48_1	American Indian or Alaska Native	Q48_1 Race: American Indian or Alaska Native
Q48_2	Asian (e.g., Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese)	Q48_2 Race: Asian
Q48_3	Black or African American	Q48_3 Race: Black or African American
Q48_4	Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander (e.g., Samoan, Guamanian, or Chamorro)	Q48_4 Race: Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
Q48_5	White	Q48_5 Race: White

Value	Value Label
1	Selected
0	Not Selected
-99	Refused

Q49. What is the highest degree or level of school that you have completed?

Value	Value Label
1	Twelve years or fewer of school
2	High school graduate—traditional diploma
3	High school graduate—alternative diploma (home school, GED, etc.)
4	Some college credit, but less than 1 year
5	One year or more of college, no degree
6	Associate degree (e.g., AA, AS)
7	Bachelor’s degree (e.g., BA, AB, BS)
8	Master’s, doctoral, or professional school degree (e.g., MA, Ph.D., JD)
-99	Refused

Q50. As of November 5, 2024, in which country or countries did you hold citizenship? Mark all that apply.

Variable Name	Variable Text	Value Label
Q50_1	United States	Q50_1 Citizenship: United States
Q50_2	[pipe in Q3 response or country indicated in frame]	Q50_2 Citizenship: Country of Residence
Q50_3	Other	Q50_3 Citizenship: Other

Value	Value Label
1	Selected
0	Not Selected
-99	Refused

//If Q50_3=1, continue to Q50A. Else skip to Q51.//

Q50A. Please specify the country where you hold citizenship other than the United States or [pipe in Q3 response or country indicated in frame]. [Drop Down Menu]

Q51. In the week before November 5, 2024, did you work either full-time or part-time?

Value	Value Label
1	Yes
2	No, I was retired
3	No, I was disabled
4	No, I was unable to work
5	No, I was a caretaker or stay-at-home parent
6	No, other
-99	Refused

Q52. What is your marital status?

Value	Value Label
1	Married
2	Separated
3	Divorced
4	Widowed
5	Never married
-99	Refused

Q53. Do you have children?

Value	Value Label
1	Yes
0	No
-99	Refused

//If Q52=1, continue to Q54. Else skip to Q55.//

Q54. As of November 5, 2024, in which country or countries did your spouse hold citizenship? Mark all that apply.

Variable Name	Variable Text	Value Label
Q54_1	United States	Q54_1 United States
Q54_2	[pipe in Q3 response or country indicated in frame]	Q54_2 Country of residence
Q54_3	Other	Q54_3 Other

Value	Value Label
1	Selected
0	Not Selected
-99	Refused
-100	Valid Skip

//If Q54_3=1, continue to Q54A. Else skip to Q55.//

Q54A. Please specify the country where your spouse holds citizenship other than the United States or [pipe in Q3 response or country indicated in frame]. [Drop Down Menu]

//If Q53=1, continue to Q55. Else skip to Q56.//

Q55. As of November 5, 2024, in which country or countries did your children hold citizenship? Mark all that apply.

Variable Name	Variable Text	Value Label
Q55_1	United States	Q55_1 United States
Q55_2	[pipe in Q3 response or country indicated in frame]	Q55_2 Country of residence
Q55_3	Other	Q55_3 Other

Value	Value Label
1	Selected
0	Not Selected
-99	Refused
-100	Valid Skip

//If Q55_3=1, continue to Q55A. Else skip to Q56.//

Q55A. Please specify the country where your children hold citizenship other than the United States or [pipe in Q3 response or country indicated in frame].

Q56. Which category represents your household’s total combined income during the 12 months leading up to November 5, 2024? (values are in USD)

Value	Value Label
1	Under $1,000
2	$1,000–$4,999
3	$5,000–$9,999
4	$10,000–$19,999
5	$20,000–$39,999
6	$40,000–$49,999
7	$50,000–$74,999
8	$75,000–$99,999
9	$100,000–$149,999
10	$150,000+
-99	Refused

Q57. Thank you for participating in the survey. If you have comments or concerns that you were not able to express in answering this survey, please enter them in the space provided below. Do not provide any personally identifiable information (PII). [Open End Essay]

//Limit to 500 characters//

1