Sample Data Analysis Tables

Table 1. Selected characteristics of sample population—National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Brief HIV Bio-behavioral Assessments, 2 U.S. States

HIV-negativea			HIV-positiveb			No valid NHBS-BHBA HIV test resultc			Total
	No.	%		No.	%	No.	%		No.	%
Gender
Male
Female
Nonbinary
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinod
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
Education
Less than high school
High school diploma or equivalent
Some college or technical degree
College degree or more
Household incomee
At or below the federal poverty level
Above the federal poverty level
Health insurance
Yes
No
Visited a health care provider, past 12 months
Yes
No
Homeless,f past 12 months
Yes
No

Table 1. Selected characteristics of sample population—National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Brief HIV Bio-behavioral Assessments, 2 U.S. States (cont)

No valid NHBS-BHBA

HIV-negative^a HIV-positive^b HIV test result^c Total

No. % No. % No. % No. %

State
Florida
Massachusetts
Total

Abbreviation: NHBS-BHBA, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Brief HIV Bio-behavioral Assessments.

Note. “Past 12 months” refers to the 12 months before interview.

^a Participants with a valid negative NHBS-BHBA HIV test result.

^b Participants with a reactive rapid NHBS-BHBA HIV test result supported by a second rapid test or supplemental laboratory-based testing.

^c Participants who did not have a valid positive or negative NHBS-BHBA HIV test result, including those who did not consent to the HIV test, had an indeterminate laboratory result, had discordant rapid test results, or reported a previous HIV-positive test result but had a negative NHBS-BHBA HIV test result.

^d Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

^e Poverty level is based on household income and household size.

^f Living on the street, in a shelter, in a single-room–occupancy hotel, or in a car.

Table 2. HIV prevalence among sample population, by gender—National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Brief HIV Bio-behavioral Assessments, 2 U.S. States

Male

Female

Nonbinary

Full sample

HIV-positivea

Total

HIV-positivea

Total

HIV-positivea

Total

HIV-positivea

Total

No.

%

No.

No.

%

No.

No.

%

No.

No.

%

No.

Age at interview (yr)

18–24

25–29

30–39

40–49

≥50

Race/ethnicity

American Indian/Alaska Native

Asian

Black/African American

Hispanic/Latinob

Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander

White

Multiple races

State

Florida

Massachusetts

Total

Abbreviation: NHBS-BHBA, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Brief HIV Bio-behavioral Assessments [footnotes only].

Note. Data include all participants with a valid NHBS HIV test result.

^a Participants with a reactive rapid NHBS HIV test result supported by a second rapid test or supplemental laboratory-based testing.

^b Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

Table 3. HIV testing among persons who inject drugs—National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Brief HIV Bio-behavioral Assessments, 2 U.S. States

	Ever tested		Tested in past 12 monthsa
	No.	%		No.	%	Total No.
Gender
Male
Female
Nonbinary
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinob
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
State
Florida
Massachusetts
Total

Note. Data include all participants who did not report a previous HIV-positive test result and participants who received their first HIV-positive test result less than 12 months before interview.

^a “Past 12 months” refers to the 12 months before interview.

^b Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

Table 4. Sexual behavior with female and male sex partners in the 12 months before interview among males—NHBS-BHBA, 2 U.S. States

With female sex partners

With male sex partners

With males and females—sex of any typea

Vaginal sex

Condomless sex

Anal sex

Condomless anal sex

Anal sex

Condomless anal sex

Total males

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

No.

HIV-negativeb

Age at interview (yr)

18–24

25–29

30–39

40–49

≥50

Race/ethnicity

American Indian/Alaska Native

Asian

Black/African American

Hispanic/Latinoc

Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander

White

Multiple races

HIV-positived

Age at interview (yr)

18–24

25–29

30–39

40–49

≥50

Race/ethnicity

American Indian/Alaska Native

Asian

Black/African American

Hispanic/Latinoc

Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander

White

Multiple races

No valid NHBS-BHBA HIV test resulte

Total

Abbreviation: NHBS-BHBA, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Brief HIV Bio-behavioral Assessments.

^a Participants who reported oral, vaginal, or anal sex with at least 1 female partner and oral or anal sex with at least 1 male partner in the 12 months before interview.

^b Participants with a valid negative NHBS-BHBA HIV test result.

^c Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

^d Participants with a reactive rapid NHBS-BHBA HIV test result supported by a second rapid test or supplemental laboratory-based testing.

^e Participants who did not have a valid positive or negative NHBS-BHBA HIV test result, including those who did not consent to the HIV test, had an indeterminate laboratory result, had discordant rapid test results, or reported a previous HIV-positive test result but had a negative NHBS-BHBA HIV test result.

Table 5. Sexual behavior with male sex partners in the 12 months before interview among females—NHBS-BHBA, 2 U.S. States

Vaginal sex

Condomless vaginal sex

Anal sex

Condomless anal sex

Total females

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

No.

HIV-negativea

Age at interview (yr)

18–24

25–29

30–39

40–49

≥50

Race/ethnicity

American Indian/Alaska Native

Asian

Black/African American

Hispanic/Latinob

Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander

White

Multiple races

HIV-positivec

Age at interview (yr)

18–24

25–29

30–39

40–49

≥50

Race/ethnicity

American Indian/Alaska Native

Asian

Black/African American

Hispanic/Latinob

Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander

White

Multiple races

No valid NHBS-BHBA HIV test resultd

Total

Abbreviation: NHBS-BHBA, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Brief HIV Bio-behavioral Assessments .

^a Participants with a valid negative NHBS-BHBA HIV test result.
^b Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

^c Participants with a reactive rapid NHBS-BHBA HIV test result supported by a second rapid test or supplemental laboratory-based testing.

^d Participants who did not have a valid positive or negative NHBS-BHBA HIV test result, including those who did not consent to the HIV test, had an indeterminate laboratory result, had discordant rapid test results, or reported a previous HIV-positive test result but had a negative NHBS-BHBA HIV test result.

Table 6. Injection drug use in the 12 months before interview, by selected drugs—NHBS-BHBA, 2 U.S. States

Heroin

Speedballa

Powder or crack cocaine

Methamphetamine

Prescription opioids

Other drug

Injected, past 12 months

Injected daily

Injected, past 12 months

Injected daily

Injected, past 12 months

Injected daily

Injected, past 12 months

Injected daily

Injected, past 12 months

Injected daily

Injected, past 12 months

Total No.

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

HIV-negativeb

Gender

Male

Female

Nonbinary

Age at interview (yr)

18–24

25–29

30–39

40–49

≥50

Race/ethnicity

American Indian/Alaska Native

Asian

Black/African American

Hispanic/Latinoc

Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander

White

Multiple races

HIV-positived

Gender

Male

Female

Nonbinary

Age at interview (yr)

18–24

25–29

30–39

40–49

≥50

Race/ethnicity

American Indian/Alaska Native

Asian

Black/African American

Hispanic/Latinoc

Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander

White

Multiple races

No valid NHBS-BHBA HIV test resulte

Total

Abbreviation: NHBS-BHBA, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Brief HIV Bio-behavioral Assessments.

Note. “Past 12 months” refers to the 12 months preceding interview.

^a Heroin and cocaine being injected together.

^b Participants with a valid negative NHBS-BHBA HIV test result.

^c Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

^d Participants with a reactive rapid NHBS-BHBA HIV test result supported by a second rapid test or supplemental laboratory-based testing.

^e Participants who did not have a valid positive or negative NHBS-BHBA HIV test result, including those who did not consent to the HIV test, had an indeterminate laboratory result, had discordant rapid test results, or reported a previous HIV-positive test result but had a negative NHBS-BHBA HIV test result.

Table 7. Receptive sharing of syringes in the 12 months before interview—NHBS-BHBA, 2 U.S. States

	Syringesa
	No.	%	Total No.
HIV-negativeb
Gender
Male
Female
Nonbinary
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinoc
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
HIV-positived
Gender
Male
Female
Nonbinary
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinoe
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
No valid NHBS-BHBA HIV test resulti
Total

Abbreviation: NHBS-BHBA, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Brief HIV Bio-behavioral Assessments.

^a Used a syringe or needle that had already been used by someone else for injection.

^b Participants with a valid negative NHBS HIV test result.

^c Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

^d Participants with a reactive rapid NHBS-BHBA HIV test result supported by a second rapid test or supplemental laboratory-based testing.

^e Participants who did not have a valid positive or negative NHBS-BHBA HIV test result, including those who did not consent to the HIV test, had an indeterminate laboratory result, had discordant rapid test results, or reported a previous HIV-positive test result but had a negative NHBS-BHBA HIV test result.

Table 8. Receipt of HIV prevention materials and services in the 12 months before interview—NHBS-BHBA, 2 U.S. States

Services from SSPs

Free condomsa

PrEP awarenessb

PrEP usec

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

Total No.

HIV-negatived

Gender

Male

Female

Transgender

Age at interview (yr)

18–24

25–29

30–39

40–49

≥50

Race/ethnicity

American Indian/Alaska Native

Asian

Black/African American

Hispanic/Latinoe

Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander

White

Multiple races

HIV-positivef

Gender

Male

Female

Transgender

Age at interview (yr)

18–24

25–29

30–39

40–49

≥50

Race/ethnicity

American Indian/Alaska Native

Asian

Black/African American

Hispanic/Latinoe

Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander

White

Multiple races

No valid NHBS-BHBA HIV test resultg

Total

Abbreviations: SSPs, syringe services programs; NHBS-BHBA, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Brief HIV Bio-behavioral Assessments; PrEP, preexposure prophylaxis.

^a Excludes condoms received from friends, relatives, or sex partners.

^b Ever heard of PrEP, an antiretroviral medicine taken for months or years by a person who is HIV-negative to reduce the risk of getting HIV.

^c Took PrEP at any point in the 12 months before interview to reduce the risk of getting HIV.

^d Participants with a valid negative NHBS-BHBA HIV test result.

^e Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

^f Participants with a reactive rapid NHBS-BHBA HIV test result supported by a second rapid test or supplemental laboratory-based testing.

^g Participants who did not have a valid positive or negative NHBS-BHBA HIV test result, including those who did not consent to the HIV test, had an indeterminate laboratory result, had discordant rapid test results, or reported a previous HIV-positive test result but had a negative NHBS-BHBA HIV test result.

Table 9. Diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections—NHBS-BHBA, 2 U.S. States

Diagnosis during the 12 months preceding interview

Any bacterial STIa

Chlamydia

Gonorrhea

Syphilis

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

Total No.

HIV-negativeb

Gender

Male

Female

Nonbinary

Age at interview (yr)

18–24

25–29

30–39

40–49

≥50

Race/ethnicity

American Indian/Alaska Native

Asian

Black/African American

Hispanic/Latinoc

Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander

White

Multiple races

HIV-positived

Gender

Male

Female

Nonbinary

Age at interview (yr)

18–24

25–29

30–39

40–49

≥50

Race/ethnicity

American Indian/Alaska Native

Asian

Black/African American

Hispanic/Latinoc

Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander

White

Multiple races

No valid NHBS-BHBA HIV test resulte

Total

Abbreviations: STI, sexually transmitted infection; NHBS-BHBA, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Brief HIV Bio-behavioral Assessments.

^aAny bacterial STI includes having received a diagnosis of gonorrhea, chlamydia, or syphilis in the 12 months before interview.

^bParticipants with a valid negative NHBS-BHBA HIV test result.

^c Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

^d Participants with a reactive rapid NHBS-BHBA HIV test result supported by a second rapid test or supplemental laboratory-based testing.

^e Participants who did not have a valid positive or negative NHBS-BHBA HIV test result, including those who did not consent to the HIV test, had an indeterminate laboratory result, had discordant rapid test results, or reported a previous HIV-positive test result but had a negative NHBS-BHBA HIV test result.

Table 10. Noninjection drug use in the 12 months before interview—NHBS-BHBA, 2 U.S. States

Used drug
	No.	%
HIV-negativea
Any noninjection drugs
Cocaine
Crack
Downersb
Ecstasy
Fentanyl
Heroin
Marijuana
Methamphetamine
Prescription opioidsc
Stimulantd
HIV-positivee
Any noninjection drugs
Cocaine
Crack
Downersb
Ecstasy
Fentanyl
Heroin
Marijuana
Methamphetamine
Prescription opioidsc
Stimulantd
No valid NHBS-BHBA HIV test resultf
Any noninjection drugs
Cocaine
Crack
Downersb
Ecstasy
Fentanyl
Heroin
Marijuana
Methamphetamine
Prescription opioidsc
Stimulantd

Disclaimer: The use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Department of Health and Human Services or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Abbreviation: NHBS-BHBA, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Brief HIV Bio-behavioral Assessments.

Note. Denominator is the total number of participants in the category; HIV-negative participants: n = X; HIV-positive participants: n = X; participants without a valid NHBS-BHBA HIV test result: n = X. Responses are not mutually exclusive; percentages may not add to 100.

^a Participants with a valid negative NHBS-BHBA HIV test result.

^b Benzodiazepines, such as Valium, Xanax, or Klonopin.

^c Painkillers, such as Oxycontin, Dilaudid, or Percocet.

^d Adderall or Ritalin

^e Participants with a reactive rapid NHBS-BHBA HIV test result supported by a second rapid test or supplemental laboratory-based testing.

^f Participants who did not have a valid positive or negative NHBS-BHBA HIV test result, including those who did not consent to the HIV test, had an indeterminate laboratory result, had discordant rapid test results, or reported a previous HIV-positive test result but had a negative NHBS-BHBA HIV test result.

Table 11. Additional outcomes—NHBS-BHBA, 2 U.S. States

Number of opposite sex partners		Number of same sex partners	Exchange sexa		Condomless sex with an HIV-discordant partner at last sexb			Total
Median (Q1–Q3)		Median (Q1–Q3)	No.	%.		No.	%	No.
HIV-negativec
Gender
Male
Female
Nonbinaryd
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinoe
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races

Table 11. Additional outcomes—NHBS-BHBA, 2 U.S. States (cont)

Number of opposite sex partners

Number of same sex partners

Exchange sexa

Condomless sex with an HIV-discordant partner at last sexb

Total

Median (Q1–Q3)

Median (Q1–Q3)

No.

%.

No.

%

No.

HIV-positivef

Gender

Male

Female

Nonbinaryd

Age at interview (yr)

18–24

25–29

30–39

40–49

≥50

Race/ethnicity

American Indian/Alaska Native

Asian

Black/African American

Hispanic/Latinoe

Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander

White

Multiple races

No valid NHBS-BHBA HIV test resultg

Total

Abbreviations: Q, quartile; NHBS-BHBA, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Brief HIV Bio-behavioral Assessments.

Note. NHBS sexual behavior questions assume anatomy based on reported gender (male or female). These questions are not asked of transgender participants. Consequently, transgender participants are not included in calculation of sexual behavior outcomes in this table.

^a “Exchange sex” refers to giving or receiving money, drugs, or some other type of payment or trade from a male or female partner in exchange for sex.

^b “Last sex” refers to whether the participant reported engaging in oral, vaginal or anal sex at any time during his or her most recent sexual encounter with a sex partner. For male participants, this is in reference to male and female sex partners; for female participants, this is in reference to male sex partners. “HIV-discordant partner” refers to a partner of different or unknown HIV status.

^c Participants with a valid negative NHBS-BHBA HIV test result.

^d Sexual behavior data not available for Nonbinary participants.

^e Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

^f Participants with a reactive rapid NHBS-BHBA HIV test result supported by a second rapid test or supplemental laboratory-based testing.

^g Participants who did not have a valid positive or negative NHBS-BHBA HIV test result, including those who did not consent to the HIV test, had an indeterminate laboratory result, had discordant rapid test results, or reported a previous HIV-positive test result but had a negative NHBS-BHBA HIV test result.

Table 12. Receipt of HIV care and treatment among self-reported HIV-positive persons—NHBS-BHBA, 2 U.S. States

Visited health care provider about HIV
	Ever		Within 1 month after diagnosis			During past 6 months		Currently taking anti-HIV medicines
	No.	%		No.	%	No.	%		No.	%	Total No.
Gender
Male
Female
Nonbinary
Age at interview (yr)
18–24
25–29
30–39
40–49
≥50
Race/ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latinoa
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Multiple races
State
Florida
Massachusetts
Total

Abbreviation: NHBS-BHBA, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Brief HIV Bio-behavioral Assessments.

Note. Data include all participants who reported having ever received an HIV-positive test result (which may include those who did not have a valid NHBS-BHBA HIV test result, positive or negative, or who did not consent to the HIV test). “Past 6 months” refers to the 6 months before interview.

^a Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.