Agricultural Resource Management, Chemical Use, and Contractor Expense Surveys

AGRICULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SURVEY
PHASE II
OATS PRODUCTION PRACTICES and COST REPORT
RESPONDENT BOOKLET
2023

National
Agricultural
Statistics
Service

Dear Producer,
Every year, the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Agricultural Statistics Service
(NASS) conducts the Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS). The survey
gathers information on production practices for different commodities each year. In 2023,
ARMS focuses on U.S. oats, peanuts, and soybeans production and or cost practices.
The interviewer will ask you to report your nutrient or fertilizer use and your pest
management practices. The results of this survey will help agricultural leaders and decisionmakers better understand how producers cope with risk, adapt to policy changes, and make
decisions about chemical use, new technologies and many other aspects of farming.
Your participation is important. By responding to this survey not only can you help ensure
that decisions impacting the production practices and well-being of farms are based on
accurate, timely information, you also represent and give voice to thousands of farmers like
you across the nation.
As with all our surveys, NASS safeguards the privacy of all respondents, ensuring that no
individual respondent or operation can be identified. Be assured that your responses to
ARMS will be kept confidential, as required by federal law.
Thank you in advance for investing in the future of U.S. agriculture. You are helping to
ensure that decisions affecting you, your family, your business and your community are
based on the facts.
Sincerely,

Chair, Agricultural Statistics Board
U.S. Department of Agriculture
National Agricultural Statistics Service
Enclosures

According to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, an agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of
information unless it displays a valid OMB control number. The valid OMB control number for this information collection is 0535-0218. The time required to
complete this information collection is estimated to average 65 minutes per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data
sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information.

-2-

FEDERAL CROP INSURANCE COVERAGE
Section B, Item 29a

1

Federal CAT (Basic Catastrophic Insurance) bought for a flat fee and protects
against crop loss greater than 50% of average yield at 55% of the price.

2

APH -- Buy-up above Federal CAT yield and/or price level.

3

Other Federal Crop Insurance (Group Risk Plan, Adjusted Gross Revenue,
Group Risk Income Protection, etc.)

FERTILIZER/PESTICIDE APPLICATION METHODS
Section C, Column 6 & Section D, Column 9

1

Broadcast, ground without incorporation

2

Broadcast, ground with incorporation

3

Broadcast, by aircraft

4

In seed furrow

5

In irrigation water

6

Chisel/injected or knifed in

7

Banded in or over row

8

Foliar or directed spray

9

Spot treatments (Section D only)

-3-

Section C, item 3

Common Fertilizers and Their Percent Analysis

[Enumerator Note: If Respondent cannot report the formulation for Section C, item 3, use the formulations below.]
Percent Active Ingredients
Name
Ammonia

Form

N

P2O5

K2O

S

D/L

80

---

---

---

Ammoniated superphosphate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

12-17

22-35

---

---

Ammonium metaphosphate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

12

51

---

---

Ammonium nitrate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

32-34

---

---

---

Ammonium phosphate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

11-18

46-48

---

---

Ammonium phosphate nitrate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

27-30

10-15

---

---

Ammonium phosphate sulfate (APS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

13-16

20

---

15

Ammonium polyphosphate (APP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

L

10-11

34-37

---

---

Ammonium polysulfide (Ammonium Sulfate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

L

20-21

---

---

24

Ammonium sulfate nitrate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

20-30

---

---

5

Ammonium thiosulfate solution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

L

12

---

---

26

Anhydrous ammonia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

L/G

82

---

---

---

Aqua ammonia (Ammonium Hydroxide). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

L

16-25

---

---

---

Bone meal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

0-2

10-20

---

---

Calcium ammonium nitrate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

15-16

---

---

---

Diammonium phosphate sulfur. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

15-16

39-41

---

---

Diammonium phosphate (DAP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

16-21

46-53

---

---

Elemental sulfur. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

---

---

---

52-100

Greensand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

---

1

6

---

Magnesium sulfate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

---

---

---

13

Monoammonium phosphate (MAP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

11-13

48-62

---

---

D/L

40

---

---

---

Nitrogen solutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

L

7-58

---

---

---

Nitric phosphate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

12-17

22-35

---

---

Phosphate rock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

---

2-35

---

---

Phosphoric acid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

L

---

2-76

---

---

Potassium carbonate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

---

---

34-48

---

Potassium chloride (Muriate of potash). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

---

---

60-62

---

Potassium magnesium sulfate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

---

---

22

23

Potassium metaphosphate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

---

55-57

37-38

---

Potassium nitrate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

13

---

44

---

Potassium orthophosphate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

---

30-60

30-50

---

Potassium polyphosphate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

L

---

40-60

22-48

---

Potassium sodium nitrate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

15

---

14-15

---

Potassium solutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

L

---

---

13-15

---

Potassium sulfate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

---

---

50-53

16

Sodium nitrate (Nitrate of Soda). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

15-16

---

---

---

Sulfuric acid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

L

---

---

---

20-26

Super phosphate (22% & under). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

---

16-22

---

11

Super phosphate (over 22%). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

---

23-39

---

11

Triple super phosphate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

---

40-54

---

11

Urea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

45-46

---

---

---

Urea, sulfur coated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

36-38

---

---

13-16

Urea ammonium phosphate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

25-58

28-35

---

---

Urea ammonium nitrate (UAN). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

L

28-32

---

---

---

Urea phosphate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D

17

44

---

---

Natralene

-4-

CHEMICALS and PESTICIDES for Oats, All
F = Fungicide; H = Herbicide; I = Insecticide; M = Misc. Other; MD=Defoliant/Dessicant; MG = Growth Regulator
AS; Aqueous Suspension, D = Dust, DF = Dry flowable, DG = Water-Dispersible Granules, E or EC = Emulsifiable Concentrate,
ES = Emulsifiable solution, F or L = Flowable, G or GR = Granular, L = Liquid, LV = Low volatility, M or ME = Microencapsalted,
P = Pellets, S = Solution, SC = Soluble Concentrate SL = Slurry, SP = Soluble powder, W or WP = Wettable powder,
WDG or WG = Water-Dispersible Granules, WSP = Water-soluble packet
Form

Class

Code

Project Name

L

H

40480

2,4-D Amine 4

L

H

40479

L

H

L

EPA #

Form

Class

Code

Project Name

62575-1

L

H

40264

Butyrac 200

42750-38

2,4-D Amine 4

42750-19

L

H

40570

Clarity (4L)

35935-6

40477

2,4-D Amine 4

34704-120

L

H

40465

Curtail M (EC)

62719-86

H

40478

2,4-D Amine 4

17-413

L

H

40309

Esteron 6E

62719-8

L

H

40754

2,4-D Amine 6

42750-1

D

H

40248

Harmony Extra XP

35-611

L

H

40753

2,4-D Amine 6

2217-668

L

H

40329

Hi-Dep

2217-703

L

H

40755

2,4-D Amine 6

1386-43

L

H

40400

MCP Amine 4

2217-36

L

H

40750

2,4-D Amine 6

264-690

L

H

40401

MCP Amine 4

34704-130

L

H

40580

2,4-D LV6

1386-616

L

H

40399

MCP Amine 4

62719-13

L

H

4058

2,4-D LV6

1381-101

L

H

40666

Peak (WDG)

5905-503

D

H

40581

2,4-D LV6

100-763

L

H

41162

Roundup Original II

524-454

L

H

40245

Banvel (4L)

7969-131

L

H

40372

Salvo

34704-609

L

H

40113

Buctril (2EC)

264-437

L

H

40406

Weedone LV4 Solventless

71368-14

L

H

40114

Buctril 4EC

264-540

L

H

40407

Weedone LV6

71368-6

Conversion Factors for Liquid and Dry Products
Liquid Products

Dry Products

1 Gallon = 4 Quarts

1 Pound = 16 Dry Ounces

1 Quart = 2 Pints

1 Ounce = 28.3 Grams

1 Pint = 16 Fluid Ounces

1 Pound = 453 Grams

2 Cups = 1 Pint

EPA #

-5-

MACHINERY and IMPLEMENT CODES
Section F, Item 1, Columns 3 & 4
PLOWS and DISKS

01 Chisel Plow (Big Ox)
02 Coulter Plow
(Coulter Chisel, Soil
Saver, Soil Conserver)
03 Deep Ripper
(Knife, Bed knife, Slide)
04 Disk Plow
Moldboard
05 Regular
06 Two Way
07 Stubble-mulch
(Noble, Sweeps, Hoeme
Plow, Muckeroy Plow)
08 Subsoiler
(Chisel, Ripper, V-ripper)
09 Disk-chisel
(Mulch Tiller)

MISCELLANEOUS TILLAGE

61 Land-all, Do-all, Mix-n-till, Till-all
(Disk, Shovels, Reel & Spikes)
62 Mulch Treader, Picker,
Treader, Skew
63 Roto-tiller
64 Roterra (Roto-spike, Lely)
65 Sand-fighter
66 Soil Finisher
(Finishing Tool, Mulch Finisher
Tri-tiller, Task Master)
67 Root Crown Puller
68 Stalk Puller/Chopper

Tandem Disk
14 Plowing
15 Regular
16 Paraplow

30 Heavy Harrow
31 Field Conditioner
(Scratcher,
Seed Bed Conditioner,
Soil Conditioner,
Ground Hog)
32 Finishing
(Harrogator, Spiral, Roller,
Knives, Shanks, Pegs,
Smoother)
33 Flex-tine Tooth
(Coil Tine)

BEDDERS-SHAPERS

41 Bedder (Shaper)
(Bedshaper, Crowder)

Offset Disk
10 Heavy Disk
11 Light Disk
12 One-way Disk
(Disk Tiller)
13 Single Disk

HARROWS (DRAGS)

42 Bed Shaper

34 Multi-weeder
(Cultivator & Harrow)
35 Rail, Pipe, Log, Plank
36 Rod Weeder
37 Roller (Culti-mulcher,

Disk

Pulvi-mulcher, Crumbler,

43 Hipper

Packer-mulcher,

44 Row

Packer & Shanks)

45 Float

38 Spike Tooth

46 Lister (Middle-buster)

39 Spring Tooth

47 Rorovator-bedder

40 Powered Spike Tooth Harrow

48 Seedbed Roller
(Flat Roller)
49 Sub-soil Bedder

PACKERS

(Ripper-hipper)

51 Culti-packer
(Pulverizer, Crow-foot,
Serrated, Ring, Spiral)

50 Discovator

Roller-packer
52 Attachment
53 Smooth & Flat

71 Aerial (Airplane)
72 Attachment to implement
73 Manure Spreader
74 Self-propelled
75 Truck Spreader
Tractor Mounted
76 Anhydrous
77 Dry
78 Liquid
Trailer Mounted
79 Anhydrous
80 Dry
81 Liquid

PLANTERS

111 Bedder-shaper Planter
112 Lister-bedder
113 No-till, Minimum Till,
(Ripper Planter)
114 Conventional,
Regular (Tye, Flex)
115 Air Delivery/vacuum
116 Ridge till

FERTILIZER APPLICATORS

CULTIVATORS
Field Cultivators
21 Regular Digger,
Triple K, Danish Tined,
Swedish Tined,
Incorporated, S-tine,
Cultivator,
Vibra-shank Harrow,
Lilliston Tiller
26 Heavy Duty
(Duckfoot Cultivator)
27 Marker
28 Fallow Master

22 Furrow-out Cultivator
23 Rotary Hoe
(Crust Buster)
Row Cultivators
24 Disk Sweep, Shovel
25 Rolling, Rotary

-6-

CHEMICAL APPLICATIONS

91 Aerial (Airplane)
92 Attachment to implement
93 Largest Self propelled
(or Large Truck)
94 Motorcycle/atv Sprayer
95 Small Self-propelled
(Spra-coupe, Hi-cycle)

LAND FORMING EQUIPMENT

171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178

96 Small Truck (Skid Mounted)
97 Tractor Mounted
98 Trailer Mounted

DRILLS and SEEDERS
101 Aerial Seeding
102 Broadcast Seeder
Drill
103 Air Delivery
104 Lister Disk
105 No-till or minimum till
106 Plain
107 Press, Disk or Hoe

180
181
182
183
184
197

Backhoe
Disk Border Maker
Ditch Closer
Ditcher
Levee Plow Disk
Quarter Drain Machine
Rear Mounted Blade
Corrugator
(Furrow Dicer, Dammar Dicer,
Dicer)
Land Plane Leveler
(Water Leveler)
Laser Planer, Laser Leveler
Gate Setter
Bull Dozer
Polypipe roller
Rock Picker

ENUMERATOR NOTE:
For Land Forming Equipment codes
171 – 184, enter Total Hours Operated
in column 10.

MOWERS and BALERS
141 Amish Harvester

HARVESTING EQUIPMENT

Small Grains/Row Crops Combine
121
122
123
124
125

Hillside
Self propelled, 2wd
Self-propelled, 4wd
Track
PTO/motor Mounted

Windrower-swather
126 (Grain/hay)PTO
127 (Grain/hay) self-propelled
133 Corn Picker
134 Hand Harvesting

PTO

Power Take-off

WD

Wheel Drive

Baler
145 Motor Mounted
146 PTO (Large)
147 PTO (Small)
148 Self-propelled
159 Stacker, Automatic
Mowers
149 Mower-chopper-Rotary
150 Conditioner/PTO
151 Self-propelled
152 Drum disk
153 Flail
154 Sickle
Rake
155 Dump
156 Side Delivery
157 Wheel
162 Hay Tedder
234 Brush Rake Sweeper

HAULING EQUIPMENT

Bale wagon/mover
142 Bale wagon (PTO)
143 Bale Wagon (Self-propelled)
144 Bale Loader
158 Stack Mover
160 Front End Loader
161 Round Bale Mover
195 Hay wagon
224 Forklift
Trailers
194 General Purpose Wagon or Cart
195 Hay Wagon
208 Gravity Wagon
209 Grain Cart with Auger
210 Grain Cart with Auger (SelfPropelled
221 Forage Wagon
222 Dump Wagon
229 Bin Trailer
228 Other Trailers
Trucks
301 Single Axle
302 Tandem Axle
303 Tri Axle
304 Semi
305 Other Trucks

ENUMERATOR NOTE:
For Hauling Equipment codes above,
enter Total Hours Operated in
column 10.

OTHER IMPLEMENTS
191 Burn Buggy
192 Chaff/straw Saver
193 Electric-discharge Weed Killer
196 Off-field Thresher
198 Rock Windower or Rake
199 Rodent (Gopher) Killer
200 Roller Groover
201 Rubber-wheeled Weed Puller
202 Flail Shredder
203 Rotary Shredder
204 Silage Harvester
205 Stalk Shredder, Stalk Cutter
206 Swath Roller
207 Tractor or Truck–No attachments
223 Flame Thrower

-7-

CHEMICAL APPLICATIONS

91 Aerial (Airplane)
92 Attachment to implement
93 Largest Self propelled
(or Large Truck)
94 Motorcycle/atv Sprayer
95 Small Self-propelled
(Spra-coupe, Hi-cycle)

LAND FORMING EQUIPMENT

171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178

96 Small Truck (Skid Mounted)
97 Tractor Mounted
98 Trailer Mounted

DRILLS and SEEDERS
101 Aerial Seeding
102 Broadcast Seeder
Drill
103 Air Delivery
104 Lister Disk
105 No-till or minimum till
106 Plain
107 Press, Disk or Hoe

180
181
182
183
197

Backhoe
Disk Border Maker
Ditch Closer
Ditcher
Levee Plow Disk
Quarter Drain Machine
Rear Mounted Blade
Corrugator
(Furrow Dicer, Dammar Dicer,
Dicer)
Land Plane Leveler
(Water Leveler)
Laser Planer, Laser Leveler
Gate Setter
Bull Dozer
Rock Picker

ENUMERATOR NOTE:
For Land Forming Equipment codes
171 – 183, enter Total Hours Operated
in column 10.

MOWERS and BALERS
141 Amish Harvester

HARVESTING EQUIPMENT

Small Grains/Row Crops Combine
121
122
123
124
125

Hillside
Self propelled, 2wd
Self-propelled, 4wd
Track
PTO/motor Mounted

Windrower-swather
126 (Grain/hay)PTO
127 (Grain/hay) self-propelled
133 Corn Picker
134 Hand Harvesting

PEANUT EQUIPMENT
281
282
283
284
285
286

Combine, PTO
Digger-shaker
Shaker-inverter
Reshaker-conditioner
Vine Cutter
Wagon

Baler
145 Motor Mounted
146 PTO (Large)
147 PTO (Small)
148 Self-propelled
159 Stacker, Automatic
Mowers
149 Mower-chopper-Rotary
150 Conditioner/PTO
151 Self-propelled
152 Drum disk
153 Flail
154 Sickle
Rake
155 Dump
156 Side Delivery
157 Wheel
162 Hay Tedder
234 Brush Rake Sweeper

HAULING EQUIPMENT

Bale wagon/mover
142 Bale wagon (PTO)
143 Bale Wagon (Self-propelled)
144 Bale Loader
158 Stack Mover
160 Front End Loader
161 Round Bale Mover
195 Hay wagon
224 Forklift
Trailers
194 General Purpose Wagon or Cart
195 Hay Wagon
208 Gravity Wagon
209 Grain Cart with Auger
221 Forage Wagon
222 Dump Wagon
229 Bin Trailer
228 Other Trailers
Trucks
301 Single Axle
302 Tandem Axle
303 Tri Axle
304 Semi
305 Other Trucks

ENUMERATOR NOTE:
For Hauling Equipment codes above,
enter Total Hours Operated in
column 10.

OTHER IMPLEMENTS
191 Burn Buggy
192 Chaff/straw Saver
193 Electric-discharge Weed Killer
196 Off-field Thresher
198 Rock Windower or Rake
199 Rodent (Gopher) Killer
200 Roller Groover
201 Rubber-wheeled Weed Puller
202 Flail Shredder
203 Rotary Shredder
204 Silage Harvester
205 Stalk Shredder, Stalk Cutter

PTO

Power Take-off

WD

Wheel Drive

206 Swath Roller
207 Tractor or Truck–No attachments
223 Flame Thrower

-8-

IRRIGATION TYPE CODES
Section G, Item 2
PRESSURE SYSTEMS

GRAVITY SYSTEMS

1

HAND-MOVE

10 SIPHON TUBE from unlined ditches

2

SOLID or PERMANENT SET

11 SIPHON TUBE from lined ditches

3

SIDE ROLL or WHEEL LINE

12 PORTAL SYSTEM from unlined ditches

4

CENTER PIVOT or LINEAR MOVE
with sprinklers on main line
5 CENTER PIVOT or LINEAR MOVE
with sprinklers below main line,
but more than 2 feet above ground
6 CENTER PIVOT or LINEAR MOVE
with sprinklers less than 2 feet above ground

13 PORTAL SYSTEM from lined ditches
14 ANY POLY PIPE SYSTEM
15 GATED PIPE (not poly pipe)

7 BIG GUN

16 IMPROVED GATED PIPE
(surge flow or cablegation not poly pipe)

8 LOW FLOW IRRIGATION
(drip, trickle or micro sprinkler)

17 SUBIRRIGATION

9 OTHER - SPECIFY

18 OPEN DISCHARGE FROM WELL or PUMP
19 OTHER - SPECIFY

Notes: