Private

According to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, an agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to a collection of information, unless it displays a valid OMB control number. The valid OMB control number for this information collection is 0579-XXXX. The time required to complete this information collection is estimated to average 1.0 hour per response, including the time to review instructions, search existing data resources, gather the data needed, and complete and review the information collected.		OMB Approved 0579-XXXX EXP: XX/20XX
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE VETERINARY SERVICES NATIONAL ANIMAL HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM 2150 CENTRE AVE, BLDG B FORT COLLINS, CO 80526	NAHMS Sheep 2024 Study – General Sheep Management Questionnaire

Please make corrections to name, address and ZIP Code, if necessary.

The information you provide will be used for statistical purposes only. Your response will be kept confidential and any person who willfully discloses ANY identifiable information about you or your operation is subject to a jail term, a fine, or both. This survey is conducted in accordance with the Confidential Information Protection and Statistical Efficiency Act of 2018, Title III of Pub. L. No. 115-435, codified in 44 U.S.C. Ch. 35 and other applicable Federal laws. For more information on how we protect your information please visit: https://www.nass.usda.gov/confidentiality. Response to this survey is voluntary.

Date:

0002 MM DD YY

BEGINNING TIME (MILITARY)

Instructions

We would like to ask you some questions about your sheep operation. In order to understand important issues in the sheep industry, we need to obtain information about the health status of these sheep and any health problems they may have had, as well as productivity and management information.

You may find it easier to answer some of the questions if you have records available. Response is voluntary and not required by law. However, your report is needed to make regional and national estimates as accurate as possible.

Section A - Inventory

1. On January 1, 2024, were any sheep or lambs, regardless of ownership, on this operation? INCLUDE Barbados and all hair breed sheep

0564

1 ^Yes 3 ^{No [Go to Section H, Item 5 on page 24]}

1. ON January 1, 2023, were any ewes 1 year and older, regardless of ownership, on this operation? INCLUDE Barbados and all hair breed sheep

1564

1 ^Yes 3 ^No

2. On January 1, 2024, of the total sheep and lambs on this operation, how many were in each of the following categories?

DO NOT INCLUDE sheep or lambs that you own that are custom fed on another operation.

0281

0282

0285

Head

1. Breeding ewes 1 year and older

2. Breeding rams 1 year old and older

3. Replacement lambs for breeding less than 1 year old?

(including unweaned lambs kept for breeding)

4. Market lambs less than 1 year old and:

0836

0837

0838

0839

0287

1. Under 65 pounds (including unweaned market lambs)

2. 65 to 84 pounds

3. 85 to 105 pounds

4. Over 105 pounds

5. Market sheep 1 year old and older (not used for breeding)

3. 

   0280

   
   

   [Add Items 2a-2e and verify total]

Then, the total sheep and lambs on hand on January 1, 2024, was?

4. On January 1, 2024, of the total sheep and lambs on the operation (Item 3), how many sheep were the following breeds?

INCLUDE all sheep only once.

Head

1001

1002

1003

1004

1005

1006

1007

1008

1009

1010

1011

[Item 3]

1. Black face wool breeds (for example, Hampshire, Suffolk, Shropshire, Romanov, Oxford)

2. Fine wool white face (for example, Rambouillet, Merino, Targhee)

3. Medium wool white face (for example, Columbia, Corriedale, Cheviot, Finn, Polypay)

4. Long wool (for example, Border Leicester, Coopworth, Romney)

5. Mottle-faced, brockle, or speckle-faced crossbred

6. Colored wool (for example, Black Welsh, Jacob, Navajo Churro, CVM, Shetland)

7. Hair sheep (for example, Barbados, Katahdin, Dorper, St. Croix)

8. Milk sheep (for example, East Friesian, Rideau Arcott)

9. Other crossbred (Specify: 0109 )

10. Other (Specify: 0110 )

11. Unknown

[Total must equal Item 3]

5. On January 1, 2024, of the total sheep and lambs on the operation (Item 3), how many sheep had the

following primary uses?

For lambs, report the use for which they are intended. Do not report the same sheep or lambs in multiple categories.

Head

1012

1013

1014

1015

1016

1017

1018

[Item 3]

1. Meat production

2. Wool production

3. Show, competition, 4-H, or club lambs

4. Seedstock/breeding stock

5. Milk production (include milk for cheese or other products)

6. Brush control/fire suppression/solar grazing

7. Other (Specify: 0118 )

[Total must equal Item 3]

Section B - General Management

Year (yyyy)

1. In what year did the primary operator first begin owning or managing sheep?

2. Compared to your inventory on January 1, 2024, how many sheep do you expect to have in 5 years? [Select one]

2002

₁ None

₂ Fewer [Go to Item 5 on page 5]

₃ About the same [Go to Item 5 on page 5]

₄ More [Go to Item 5 on page 5]

3. What is your main reason for expecting to have no sheep in 5 years? [Select one]

2003

₁ Retirement, lack of a successor, or another personal or family situation

₂ Low price of wool

₃ Low price of lambs

₄ Market volatility

₅ Predator loss

₆ Labor shortage

₇ Government regulations (Specify: 0201 )

₈ Sheep disease (Specify: 0202 )

₉ Other (Specify: 0203 )

4. Since you do not expect to have any sheep in the next 5 years, what do you intend to do? [Select one]

2004

₁ Intend to sell farm/ranch land

₂ Transition into another agricultural commodity (crops, cattle, etc.)

₃ Other(Specify:0204 )

2005	1	Yes	3	No
2006	1	Yes	3	No

5. Does your operation belong to a national sheep association or club?

6. Does your operation belong to a state or local sheep association or club?

7. During 2023, what was your operation’s primary system for maintaining sheep production records? [Select one]

2007

₁ Livestock or sheep management software (Specify: 0206 )

₂ Other electronic record-keeping (spreadsheets, Word documents, etc.)

₃ Handwritten records

₄ Any other method (Specify: 0207 )

₅ Did not maintain sheep and lamb production records [Go to Item 9 on page 6]

8. During 2023, did your operation keep records for the following? [Select all that apply]

2008	1
2009	1
2010	1
2011	1
2012	1
2013	1
2014	1
2015	1
2016	1
2017	1
2018	1
2019	1
2020	1
2021	1

1. Individual animal disease events

2. Laboratory test results

3. Preventive practices (vaccinations, deworming, or similar)

4. Number of animals culled

5. Number of animals that died

6. Individual ewe breeding history (pregnancy, diagnosis/ultrasound)

7. Number of abortions

8. Date of lambing

9. Individual birth weights

10. Number of lambs born

11. Number of lambs weaned

12. Individual weaning weights

13. Hoof health management (lameness, trimming, or similar)

14. None of the above production records were kept

9. During 2023, what types of formal training were provided by outside parties to anyone who had duties related to raising sheep? Outside parties could include extension, veterinarians, presenters, and sheep organizations. [Select all that apply]

2022	1
2023	1
2024	1
2025	1
2026	1
2027	1
2028	1
2029	1
2030	1
2031	1
2032	1
2033	1
2034	1
2035	1
2036	1

1. Identifying sick or injured animals

2. Animal handling

3. Euthanasia

4. Lamb rearing practices

5. Husbandry procedures (such as castration, tagging, shearing, milking)

6. Transportation of sheep

7. Feeding and nutrition

8. Sheep behavior

9. Protocols for antibiotic use and withdrawal times

10. Sheep quality assurance training

11. Worker safety training

12. Zoonotic disease prevention

13. Sustainable parasite control

14. Other (Specify: 0235 )

15. No training was provided

10. During 2023, did your operation complete any genetic selection, genetic testing or participate in any genetic improvement programs?

2037

1 ^Yes 3 ^{No [Go to Section C on page 8]}

11. Did your operation use genetic testing to control for scrapie or select scrapie-resistant sheep?

2038

1 ^Yes 3 ^{No [Go to Item 13]}

2039	1
2040	1
2041	1
2042	1

12. Which of the following selection practices does your operation currently use to control for scrapie or select scrapie resistant sheep? [Select all that apply]

1. Using genetically less susceptible rams (such as RR alleles)

2. Selecting genetically less susceptible ewes (such as QR or RR alleles)

3. Culling ewes that are genetically more susceptible (such as QQ alleles)

4. Other? (Specify: 0242 )

13. Did your operation use genetic selection or testing for any of the following purposes? [Select all that apply]

2043	1
2044	1
2045	1
2046	1

1. Improve lamb or meat production

2. Improve wool quality or wool production

3. Improve the resistance of your sheep to internal parasites

4. Other? (Specify: 0246 )

Section C - Feed and Housing Management

1. During 2023, for how many months did your operation manage the majority of the sheep

in the following primary locations during daylight hours? Months

3001

3002

3003

3004

3005

12 months

1. Open range (unfenced acreage with herder)

2. Fenced range (uncultivated fenced acreage)

3. Fenced farm (cultivated pasture or browse)

4. Outdoor dry lot (pen with dirt, concrete, or other surface not used for grazing)

5. Indoors (enclosed building)

[Total must equal 12 months]

2. During 2023, were any of this operation's sheep or lambs placed on the following types of land?

[Select all that apply]

3006	1
3007	1
3008	1
3009	1
3010	1
3011	1

1. Public land, including public, industrial, and grazing association (PIGA) land

2. Grazing association land

3. Leased, private land

4. Harvested fields for grazing

5. Irrigated land

6. This operation’s sheep are not placed on any of the above types of land

3. When placed on public land or other land types listed above, were any of this operation's sheep commingled with sheep or goats from other operations?

4. During 2023, were the following feed sources or supplements used for any sheep or lambs on this operation? [Select all that apply]

3013	1
3014	1
3015	1
3016	1
3017	1
3018	1
3019	1
3020	1

1. Cut hay (grass or legume)

2. Commercial complete feed (for example, "lamb chow")

3. Concentrate/grain rations (for example, corn, milo, barley, wheat, oats, rye)

4. High protein feed (for example, soybean meal, fish meal, or other protein)

5. Crop residue/by-product feed (for example, fat, soy hulls, wheat middlings)

6. Salt or mineral blocks or loose salt/mineral

7. Other (Specify: 0319 )

8. None of the above types of feed sources or supplements were used

5. 
   

   3021

   What was the total cost spent on supplemental feeds used during 2023? Dollars

Section D - Shearing and Wool Marketing

1. During 2023, were any of your operation’s lambs or sheep shorn?

4001. 1 ^Yes 3 ^{No [Go to Section E on page 11]}

2. During 2023, how many lambs and sheep were shorn?

4002

Head

3. During 2023, what percentage of the lambs and sheep shorn (Item 2) were sheared by

the following individuals? Percent

4003

4004

4005

4006

100%

1. Employees (including owners)

2. Hired individual(s), not regularly employed by the operations

3. Contracted shearing crew

4. Other (Specify: 0406 )

[Total must equal 100 percent]

4. During 2023, did the person who sheared the majority of your sheep clean and disinfect the handpiece, cutters, or combs between operations?

4007 d

1 ^Yes 2 Don’t know 3 No 4 NA – Shearing equipment not used on another operation

4008

1

Yes

3

No

4010

1

Yes

3

No

5. During 2023, prior to shearing, did you withhold your sheep from feed and water?

6. During 2023, were you able to contract a shearer?

4009 d

1 ^Yes 3 No 4 NA – Did not try to contract a shearer

7. During 2023, was any of your wool measured by a wool testing lab?

8. During 2023, how many pounds of total wool produced were either sold as wool, sold as other Pounds

4011

4012

4013

products, or not sold?

1. Sold as wool

2. Sold as other products that used the wool

3. Not sold

[If Item 8a equals zero (no wool sold as wool), go to Item 10 on page 10]

9. During 2023, was the majority of wool sold (Item 8a) on a clean or greasy basis? [Select one]

4014

1 ^{Clean basis}

2 ^{Greasy basis}

10. What percentage of wool, including wool products that were sold, were marketed by the following

methods? Percent

1. 

   4015

   4016

   4017

   4018

   4019

   4020

   4021

   4022

   100%

   
   

   Warehouse

2. Commercial buyer

3. Cooperative pools

4. Direct sales to consumers locally (within 400 miles from your farm)

5. Direct sales to consumer not considered local

6. Direct sales to a small mill

7. Other (Specify: 0421 )

8. Not sold

[Total must equal 100 percent]

11. What did your operation do with the majority of its unsold wool? [Select one]

4023

1 ^{Stored in bags or bales on the farm or at a warehouse}

2 ^{Given away (included if given to the shearer)}

3 ^{Thrown away}

4 ^{Used for alternative purposes (such as bedding, mulch, insulation, spinning)}

5 ^{Other (Specify: 0424 )}

6 ^{NA – This operation did not have any unsold wool}

12. Does your operation have any unsold wool from the following years? [Select all that apply]

1. 

   		4024	1
   		4025	1
   		4026	1
   		4027	1

   
   

   
   

   
   

   4029	Year (yyyy)

   
   

   2022

2. 2021

3. 2020

4. Prior to 2020

[If Item 12d is not checked (no unsold wool from prior to 2020), go to Item 13] Year (yyyy)

1. What is the earliest year for which you have unsold wool?

13. During 2023, did your operation participate in certification programs specifically for wool?

Section E - Movement and Marketing

1. During 2023, were any sheep or lambs permanently added to this operation from outside sources?

5001

1 ^{Yes [Continue to Item 2] Year (yyyy)}

3 ^{No - In what year were any sheep last added to this operation?}

[Go to Item 11 on page 13]

2. Did your operation always require the following prior to arrival, or before commingling, for these newly added sheep or lambs before introducing them to the rest of your herd?

[Select all that apply in both columns]

	Required prior to arriving on the operation?					Done on your operation before commingling with the rest of the herd?
Veterinarian examinations Any vaccinations Foot trim Medicated footbath Internal parasite fecal exam Internal parasite treatment (deworming) External parasite treatment Inspect sheep for abscesses and/or scars from previous abscesses Preventive antibiotic treatment (oral bolus or injectable) Other inspections or treatments (Specify:0511 ) No procedures required or completed	5003		1			5013		1
	5004		1			5014		1
	5005		1			5015		1
	5006		1			5016		1
	5007		1			5017		1
	5008		1			5018		1
	5009		1			5019		1
	5010		1			5020		1
						5021		1
	5011		1			5022		1
	5012		1			0523		1

3. During 2023, were any of the newly added sheep or lambs quarantined to prevent the spread of disease?

5024

1 ^Yes 3 ^{No [Go to Item 4 on page 12]}

1. How many of the newly added sheep were quarantined?

2. How many days on average were sheep quarantined?

4. During 2023, were any of the following types of sheep added to this operation? If Yes, how many were added to the operation?

	Any added to the operation?					If Yes, how many were added?
						Head
Lambs (under 1 year old) EXLUDE lambs born on the operation Ewes Rams Wethers (castrated rams)	5027	1	Yes	3	No	5031
	5028	1	Yes	3	No	5032
	5029	1	Yes	3	No	5033
	5030	1	Yes	3	No	5034

5. How many the following types of sheep that were added to the operation in 2023 (Item 4) came from the following sources? If none of the given type of sheep was permanently added, check the box at the top of the column.

	Number of head
	Lambs (under 1 year old) EXCLUDE lambs born on the operation			Ewes			Rams
Check none if the sheep type was not permanently added	5035	1	None	5041	1	None	5047	1	None
Sheep wholesaler or dealer Directly from another premises Livestock market or auction Fair or show Other (Specify: 0538 _______) [Total must equal the total for that age class from Item 4]	5036			5042			5048
	5037			5043			5049
	5038			5044			5050
	5039			5045			5051
	5040			5046			5052
	[Item 4a]			[Item 4b]			[Item 4c]

[If Item 5b = 0 or is missing and Item 5c = 0 or is missing for all three types of sheep (no additions directly from another premises or from a livestock market or auction), go to Item 7 on page 13]

Percent

5053

6. For the sheep added to the operation directly from another premises (Item 5b) or through a livestock market or auction (Item 5c), what percentage of those additions were made through online contacts or purchases?

6. During 2023, did any sheep or lambs leave this operation, attend an event (for example, fair, show, sale, rodeo, or visit to another operation for breeding), and then return to this operation?

⁵⁰⁵⁴ 1 ^Yes 3 ^{No [Go to Item 9]}

6. During 2023, when sheep or lambs temporarily left and returned, did you isolate them (prevent nose-to-nose contact with other sheep from this operation and prevent sharing of feed, drinking water, and equipment) for any period prior to reintroduction to the flock? [Select one]

5055

1 ^{Never isolate - [Go to Item 9]}

2 ^{Only isolate for a specific reason such as exposure to disease - [Go to Item 9]}

3 ^{Routinely isolate after returning to operation}

1. 

   5056

   days

   If sheep or lambs were routinely isolated after returning to the operation, what was the minimum number of days these returning sheep or lambs were isolated?

9. During 2023, were any live sheep or lambs from the following classes permanently removed from this operation?

5057

1

Yes ₃

No [Go to Section F on page 15]

10. During 2023, how many live sheep or lambs from the following classes were permanently removed

Head
5058
5059
5060
5061

from this operation?

1. Lambs (under 1 year old)

2. Cull sheep

3. Breeding or other sheep

4. Total [add Items 10a-10c]

10. Of the live sheep and lambs that were permanently removed (Item 10), how many were permanently removed through the following channels? If none of the given type of sheep was permanently removed, check the box at the top of the column.

	Number of head
	Lambs (under 1 year old)			Cull sheep			Breeding or other sheep
Check none if the sheep type was not permanently removed	5062	1	None	5072	1	None	5082	1	None
Direct sales to consumer or ethnic market Of these direct sales, how many were slaughtered on the operation? Direct sales to slaughter plant/packer Moved to a feedlot separate from this operation Direct sale to a backgrounder (non feedlot feeders) Direct sales to another sheep producer INCLUDE 4-H/show sales Auction/sale barn Buyer/dealer for resale Slaughtered for personal use [Total must equal the total for that age class from Item 10]	5063			5073			5083
	5064			5074			5084
	5065			5075			5085
	5066			5076			5086
	5067			5077			5087
	5068			5078			5088
	5069			5079			5089
	5070			5080			5090
	5071			5081			5091
	[Item 10a]			[Item 10b]			[Item 10c]

12. 

    Percent
    5092
    5093
    5094
    100%

    
    

    Of the live sheep and lambs permanently removed (Item 10d), what percentage were

moved to the following final destinations?

1. In-state

2. Out-of-state

3. Do not know

[Total must equal 100 percent]

Section F - Identification

1. Has this operation ever been assigned a unique flock ID as a part of the National Scrapie Eradication Program, such as a Flock Identification Number/Scrapie premises identification number (PIN)?

⁶⁰⁰¹ ₁ Yes ₂ Don't know ₃ No

2. Do any of the sheep currently on this operation have an ear tag, tattoo, collar, ear notch, leg band, brand, microchip, or other identification device that identifies them?

⁶⁰⁰² ₁ Yes ₃ No [Go to Item 7 on page 16]

3. Were each of the following types of identification (ID) used for the sheep and lambs on your operation? If yes, how many head had this type of ID, and what information was on the ID?

[Flock identification uses a tag, brand, or other marker that indicates a sheep is a member of your operation’s flock. Individual identification is unique and applied to each animal so it can be distinguished from all other sheep in the flock.]

[An official APHIS ear tag has the U.S. shield logo, state code, and a unique flock identification number.]

ID type	Did your operation use this type of ID for sheep and lambs?					If Yes, how many head of sheep and lambs had this type of ID? Head	If Yes, what information was included on the ID?
							Individual animal only		Flock only	Both
Tattoo Collar or leg band Ear notch Hot iron or freeze brand Paint brand Electronic ID or microchip Unofficial plastic ear tag Official APHIS ear tag with U.S. Shield logo (including metal scrapie ear tags, plastic scrapie ear tags, and other official ear tags) i. Other (Specify:0620 __________________________)	6003	1	Yes	3	No	6012	6021	1	2	3
	6004	1	Yes	3	No	6013	6022	1	2	3
	6005	1	Yes	3	No	6014	6023	1	2	3
	6006	1	Yes	3	No	6015	6024	1	2	3
	6007	1	Yes	3	No	6016	6025	1	2	3
	6008	1	Yes	3	No	6017	6026	1	2	3
	6009	1	Yes	3	No	6018	6027	1	2	3
	6010	1	Yes	3	No	6019	6028	1	2	3
	6011	1	Yes	3	No	6020	6029	1	2	3

[If Item 3h equals No (no official APHIS ear tags), go to Item 6 on page 16]

Head
6030

4. During 2023, how many of the (Item 3h, column 2) sheep that had an official APHIS ear tag had that tag fall out or was otherwise lost?

5. Who applies the majority of your operation’s official APHIS ear tags? [Select one]

6031

₁ You or another farm worker

₂ Veterinarian

₃ Market

₄ Other (specify:0631 )

NA – no sheep removed through concentration point	Percent
1	6032

5. During 2023, of the sheep that were permanently removed through a concentration point (slaughter, auction markets, fairs) approximately what percent had an official flock identification (ear tags, tattoos, or other official identification) when they left this operation?

[If Item 3h equals Yes (used any official APHIS ear tags), go to Section G on page 17]

5. Which of the following describes why your operation does not use official APHIS ear tags in your flock?

[Select all that apply]

I only sell slaughter lambs, so am not required to apply official APHIS ear tags I do not move sheep off my farm, so I am not required to apply official APHIS ear tags I did not know I was required to officially identify my sheep before they leave the farm I use official flock ID tattoos instead of official APHIS ear tags I use registry tattoos instead of official APHIS ear tags I use registry recorded electronic identification implants instead of official APHIS ear tags I use another type of official identification instead of official APHIS ear tags (Specify:0639 ) Official APHIS ear tags are no longer free so I stopped using them I do not use Official APHIS ear tags for another reason (Specify:0641 )	6033	1
	6034	1
	6035	1
	6036	1
	6037	1
	6038	1
	6039	1
	6040	1
	6041	1

Section G - Biosecurity and Health Management

1. Does your operation have a written flock health management plan?

7001

₁ Yes ₃ No [Go to Item 4]

2. Were any of the following resources used in the development of the flock health management plan? [Select all that apply]

7002	1
7003	1
7004	1
7005	1
7006	1
7007	1

1. Veterinarian

2. Extension (university)

3. Other producers

4. Reference materials (online or book)

5. Other types (Specify:0706 )

6. No resources used

3. How frequently is the flock health management plan reviewed and updated if needed? [Select one]

7008

₁ More frequently than yearly

₂ Yearly

₃ Less frequently than yearly

₄ Not updated

4. During 2023, did members of the general public come on to your operation, other than the home?

7009

₁ Yes ₃ No [Go to Item 6 on page 18]

5. During 2023, did those members of the general public that visited your operation, other than the home, have access to areas or facilities on your operation that house or contain animals, feed, manure, or farm equipment?

7010

₁ Yes ₃ No

6. During 2023, what level of interaction did each type of visitor have with the sheep on your operation?

		Did not come onto the operation		Came onto the operation but did not touch sheep or walk through areas sheep are kept on the operation		Came onto the operation and touched sheep or walked through areas sheep are kept on the operation
Private or company veterinarian Federal/State veterinarian or animal health worker Extension agent or university veterinarian Nutritionist or feed company consultant Agricultural tour visitors (school groups, university students, 4-H groups, agritourism, or similar) Customer (private individual) purchasing sheep, milk, fiber, meat, cheese, or other products Sheep or wool wholesaler, buyer, or dealer Renderer Milk truck driver Mobile slaughter team members Shearers Other agriculture-related visitors (volunteers, feed delivery and service personnel) Family, friends and/or neighbors Other visitors (Specify:0724 )	7011	1		2		3
	7012	1		2		3
	7013	1		2		3
	7014	1		2		3
	7015	1		2		3
	7016	1		2		3
	7017	1		2		3
	7018	1		2		3
	7019	1		2		3
	7020	1		2		3
	7021	1		2		3
	7022	1		2		3
	7023	1		2		3
	7024	1		2		3

7. During 2023, how often were any visitors that had contact with sheep required to take the following measures?

		Always	Sometimes	Never
a. Change into clean clothes or overalls	7025	1	2	3
b. Use a footbath before entry	7026	1	2	3
c. Change into clean boots or use shoe covers	7027	1	2	3
d. Scrub shoes before or immediately after entry into sheep production area	7028	1	2	3
e. Wash hands before handling sheep	7029	1	2	3
f. No contact with other livestock for at least 24 hours before visiting	7030	1	2	3
g. Park away from sheep area	7031	1	2	3
h. NA – No visitors or no visitors had contact with sheep	7032	1

8. During 2023, did this operation normally require or perform individual animal testing for any of the following diseases? [Select one in each row]

		Testing performed in
		Resident sheep in flock only		New flock additions only		Both resident sheep and new additions		No testing performed
OPP (ovine progressive pneumonia) Johne’s (paratuberculosis) Brucellosis (B. ovis, Epididymitis) Q fever (coxiellosis) Caseous lymphadenitis (boils, CL, abscesses) Scrapie genotype (DNA) Tuberculosis Other (Specify:0740 )	7033	1		2		3		4
	7034	1		2		3		4
	7035	1		2		3		4
	7036	1		2		3		4
	7037	1		2		3		4
	7038	1		2		3		4
	7039	1		2		3		4
	7040	1		2		3		4

[If Items 8c equals No testing performed (no testing for brucellosis), go to Item 12]

9. During 2023, for which of the following reasons were the sheep tested for brucellosis (B. ovis, epididymitis)? [Select all that apply]

   1. 7041	1
      7042	1
      7043	1
      7044	1
      7045	1
      0746	1

      Movement requirement

   2. Show or exhibition requirement

   3. Veterinarian (nonregulatory, private practitioner) recommendation

   4. State requirement

   5. Concern for milk safety

   6. Other (Specify:0746 )

10. 

    7047	1	Yes	3	No	2	Don't know
    7048	1	Yes	3	No	2	Don't know

    
    

    During 2023, when sheep were tested for brucellosis, which of the following types of tests were used?

    1. Blood test

    2. Other (Specify:0748 )

11. Is your herd currently certified brucellosis-free?

12. At any time during the previous 3 years, have any of the following been suspected or confirmed in your flock by a veterinarian or laboratory? [Select one in each row]

		Not suspected		Suspected, but not confirmed		Confirmed by veterinarian or laboratory
Johne's disease (paratuberculosis) Scrapie Ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP) Foot rot Caseous lymphadenitis (boils, CL, abscesses) Enterotoxemia/overeating disease (clostridium C&D, not grain overload, pulpy kidney disease) Other clostridial diseases (for example, blackleg, malignant edema, braxy, tetanus, botulism, big head) Coccidiosis Sore mouth (contagious ecthyma, orf) Ring worm or club lamb fungus Blue tongue Toxoplasmosis Q fever (coxiellosis) Chlamydiosis (enzootic abortion) Campylobacteriosis (vibrio abortion) Lamb pneumonia (Mycoplasma) Cysticercosis	7050	1		2		3
	7051	1		2		3
	7052	1		2		3
	7053	1		2		3
	7054	1		2		3
	7055	1		2		3
	7056	1		2		3
	7057	1		2		3
	7058	1		2		3
	7059	1		2		3
	7060	1		2		3
	7061	1		2		3
	7062	1		2		3
	7063	1		2		3
	7064	1		2		3
	7065	1		2		3
	7066	1		2		3

13. Have you or any of your family members or employees ever suspected or been confirmed with the following diseases? [Select one per row]

		Not suspected		Suspected, but not confirmed		Confirmed by doctor or laboratory
a. Q Fever b. Sore mouth (contagious ecthyma, orf)	7067	1		2		3
	7068	1		2		3

14. How familiar are you with scrapie? [Select one]

7069

₁ Very familiar ₃ Heard of name only

₂ Somewhat familiar ₄ Never heard of

15. Who would your operation contact if any sheep showed signs of neurologic problems, such as circling, tremors, lip smacking, loss of coordination, rubbing against fences? [Select all that apply]

    1. 7070	1
       7071	1
       7072	1
       7073	1
       7074	1
       7075	1

       Private or university veterinarian

2. State veterinary office

3. USDA veterinary office

4. Other sheep producers

5. Other (Specify:0774 )

6. I would not contact anyone

15. Are you a veterinarian?

7076

₁ Yes ₃ No

15. During 2023, did this operation consult a veterinarian for any reason related to sheep health, productivity, or management?

7077

₁ Yes ₃ No [Go to Item 20 on page 22]

15. During 2023, for which of the following reasons was a veterinarian consulted? [Select all that apply]

    1. 7078	1
       7079	1
       7080	1
       7081	1
       7082	1
       7083	1

       Regular or routine visits (for example, pregnancy checks, flock health visits, breeding soundness, exams, health certificate)

2. Emergency visits (for example, birthing difficulty, sick sheep, lameness)

3. Veterinary Feed Directives or antibiotic prescriptions

4. Diagnose parasite infections

5. Help making decisions about dewormer treatment

6. Other (Specify:0783 )

15. 7084	1
    7085	1
    7086	1

    During 2023, how did you consult your veterinarian? [Select all that apply]

    1. In person or on-farm visit

2. By phone, text, or email

3. Other (Specify:0786 )

15. How would you describe your operation’s Veterinarian-Client-Patient Relationship (VCPR) for your sheep? [Select one]

7087

₁ A written agreement between my veterinarian and me

₂ A verbal agreement between my veterinarian and me

₃ My veterinarian has not formally mentioned a VCPR for my sheep but I consider that I have one based on his/her relationship with my operation

₄ No VCPR

[If Item 16 equals Yes (consulted a veterinarian for sheep in 2023), go to Item 21]

15. During 2023, if no veterinarian was used, which of the following best describes why not? [Select one]

7088

₁ Veterinarian available in the local area but not knowledgeable about sheep

₂ No veterinarian available in the local area

₃ Too expensive

₄ No veterinarian needed on this operation - no health-related problems

₅ No veterinarian needed on this operation - animals treated by farm personnel

₆ No veterinarian needed on this operation - other reason (Specify: 0788 )

₇ Other (Specify: 0789 )

15. One goal of these studies is to understand availability and barriers to accessing animal health products, including antibiotics. Were you aware that on June 1, 2023, a new FDA regulation was put in place prohibiting the sale of over- the-counter antibiotics?

⁷⁰⁹⁰ ₁ Yes ₃ No [Go to Item 23]

15. 7091	1
    7092	1
    7093	1
    7094	1
    7095	1

    How were you made aware of the new FDA regulation? [Select all that apply]

    1. Through an industry organization (such as ASI, breed association, etc.)

    2. Through a state or federal veterinarian

    3. Through my personal veterinarian

4. Through another producer

5. Other? (Specify:0795 )

24. Since the new FDA regulation prohibiting the sale of over-the-counter antibiotics went into effect, have you purchased or acquired antibiotics from each of these sources more, less, about the same, or did not use that source? [Select one in each row]

Source		Compared to before the new FDA regulation, I have purchased or acquired antibiotics from the following source(s)…
		More		About the same		Less		Didn’t use this source
Feed store with veterinary prescription Direct from veterinarian Online store with veterinary prescription Direct from distributor From another producer Other (Specify:1701 )	7096	1		2		3		4
	7097	1		2		3		4
	7098	1		2		3		4
	7099	1		2		3		4
	7100	1		2		3		4
	7101	1		2		3		4

25. During 2023, did you use any oral, injectable, or topical antibiotics on any sheep on your operation?

⁷¹⁰² ₁ Yes ₃ No [Go to Section H]

25. During 2023, how did you usually determine the withdrawal period for a given antibiotic? (The withdrawal period specifies the number of days that must pass after the last antibiotic treatment was given before any meat or milk can enter the food supply) [Select one]

7103

₁ No withdrawal period considered

₂ Determined by a veterinarian

₃ Based on the antibiotic label directions

₄ Consulted with other producers

₅ Searched the internet

₆ Other (Specify: 1703 )

25. During 2023, how often were the following recorded? [Select one in each row]

		Always	Sometimes	Never
a. Names of antibiotics used	7104	1	2	3
b. Dates of antibiotic treatments	7105	1	2	3
c. Antibiotic withdrawal time	7106	1	2	3
d. Amount used	7107	1	2	3
e. Identification of animal treated	7108	1	2	3
f. Reason for treatment	7109	1	2	3

Section H - Conclusion

Thank you for completing the first phase of this study. Phase 2 of this study includes a follow-up questionnaire and the chance to test your sheep for gastrointestinal parasites, pathogens that could cause foot rot or digital dermatitis, and enteric pathogens (E. coli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter).

See the Informed Consent Form included in this mailing or at https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/nahms/sheep2024-nassconsent.pdf for more information about Phase 2 of this study.

1. If you have 20 or more ewes, would you like the opportunity to participate in Phase 2 of this study?

⁸⁰⁰¹ ₁ Yes ₃ No [Go to Item 4] ₄ Fewer than 20 ewes - [Go to Item 4]

2. 
   
   
   

   Address

   8004

   Email Address

   8005

   Please record the name, phone number, address, and email address for the best person to contact for Phase 2 of the study.

3. Respondent location (specific directions) and other comments:

8006

4. Did you use computerized or written records to assist in answering this survey?

⁸⁰⁰⁷ ₁ Yes ₃ No

5. Enter interview response code. [Select one]

8008

₁ Zero sheep on January 1, 2024 ₆ Out of business

₂ Out of business ₇ Out of scope for General Sheep

Management Questionnaire

₃ Refusal of General Sheep Management Questionnaire ₈ Office hold

₄ Complete, fewer than 20 ewes, no Phase 2 consent offered ₉ Inaccessible

₅ Complete, Phase 2 consent given

6. [If Item 5 is a Refusal (3), SELECT the code that best fits the reason]: [Select one]

8009

₁ Does not want to commit time to the project ₆

₂ Does not want involvement with government veterinarian ₇

₃ Does not have necessary records available ₈

Bad time of year (planting, harvesting, second job, or similar)

Currently has or recently has had disease problem with herd

Believes surveys and reports hurt the farmer more than help

₄ Has participated in too many surveys ₉

₅ Does not want outside people on sheep operation ₁₀

Could not get owner's permission

No reason given, or other miscellaneous reasons

ENDING TIME (MILITARY)

This completes the survey. Thank you for your help.

OFFICE USE ONLY
Response		Respondent		Mode		Enum.	Eval.	Change	Office Use for POID
1-Comp 2-R 3-Inac 4-Office Hold 5-R – Est 6-Inac – Est 7-Off Hold – Est	9901	1-Op/Mgr 2-Sp 3-Acct/Bkpr 4-Partner 9-Oth	9902	PASI (Mail) PATI (Tel) PAPI (Face-to- Face) 6-Email 7-Fax 19-Other	9903	9998	9900	9985	9989 - -
							R. Unit		Optional Use
							9921		9907	9908	9906	9916
S/E Name