Private

According to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, an agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a valid OMB control number. The valid OMB control number for this information collection is 0579-XXXX. The time required to complete this information collection is estimated to average XX minutes per response, including the time to review instructions, search existing data resources, gather the data needed, and complete and review the information collected.		OMB Approved 0579-XXXX EXP: XX/20XX
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE VETERINARY SERVICES NATIONAL ANIMAL HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM 2150 CENTRE AVE, BLDG B FORT COLLINS, CO 80526	2024 sheep vs initial visit

The information you provide will be used for statistical purposes only. Your responses will be kept confidential and any person who willfully discloses ANY identifiable information about you or your operation is subject to a jail term, a fine, or both. This survey is conducted in accordance with the Confidential Information Protection and Statistical Efficiency Act of 2018, Title III of Pub. L. No. 115-435, codified in 44 U.S.C. Ch. 35 and other applicable Federal laws. For more information on how we protect your information please visit: https://www.nass.usda.gov/confidentiality. Response is voluntary.

Please enter the 6-digit NAHMS Study ID:__ __ __ __ __ __

Do you agree to participate in the study? a0000

₁ I agree

₂ I do not agree [If you do not agree, end survey]

Are you a federal or state data collector?

₁ Yes

₃ No

If Yes, would you like to:

₁ Complete the full questionnaire?

₂ Complete only the Office Use Section?

[If Complete only the Office Use Section, go to Office Use Section]

Section A – Inventory

1. On your operation today, how many ewes do you have that are 1 year of age or older?

If none enter 0.
a0000 ewes

a. How many of these ewes are between 1 and 2 years of age? a0000 ewes

2. During 2023, what was the maximum number of the following types of sheep present on the operation throughout the year? Sheep may be counted in more than one category. For example a lamb may be counted in both the preweaned and weaned lambs categories. If none enter 0.

a. Ewes 1 year and older a0000 #

b. Rams 1 year and older a0000 #

c. Preweaned lambs a0000 #

d. Weaned lambs a0000 #

e. Wethers (castrated ram) 1 year and older a0000 #

Section B – Breeding Management

3. For the most recently completed lambing season, of the Q2a ewes on the operation, how many were bred by the following methods? The most recently completed lambing season refers to the most recent lambing for which all lambs have been born.

For ewes bred by more than one method, give method used first. If none enter 0.

a. Naturally by this operation's rams a0000 #

b. Naturally by another operation's rams a0000 #

c. By artificial insemination (AI) a0000 #

d. By embryo transfer a0000 #

e. Added to the operation already bred a0000 #

f. Confirm the total number of ewes bred (Add Questions 1a through 1e) a0000 #

[If question 3f=0/none Skip to Section C.]

[If question 3e = 0, SKIP to question 5.]

4. Were the Q3e ewes added to the operation already bred separated from the rest of the flock until after they lambed? a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

5. Of the Q3f ewes bred, how many were first-lambing ewes?a0000 #

[If question 5=0, skip to question 7.]

6. Were the majority of these first-lambing ewes separated from the rest of the flock until after they lambed? a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No ₄ Don’t know

7. Of these Q3f ewes bred, how many had the following outcomes?

a. Gave birth (lamb born dead or alive) a0000 #

b. Aborted (known abortion) a0000 #

c. Never became pregnant (or unknown abortion) a0000 #

d. Died or were removed prior to lambing a0000 #

e. Total [Should equal 3f] a0000 #

[If question 6a=0, skip to question 8.]

8. Of the Q7a ewes that gave birth, how many had multiples (twins or triplets)? a0000 #

[If question 7b=0, skip to question 13.]

9. Of the Q7b ewes that aborted, how many were first-lambing ewes? a0000 #

10. Were any of the following steps taken for aborting ewes? Check all that apply.

₁ a. Removed placentas or fetuses as soon as possible a0000

₁ b. Cleaned the area by removing bedding and/or dirt a0000

₁ c. Disinfected the area a0000

₁ d. Physically separated ewes that aborted from other ewes a0000

₁ e. None of these actions were taken a0000

[If question 10d= not checked, Skip to question 12.]

11. For the ewes that aborted and were separated from the flock, how many days were the majority of ewes separated before being returned to the flock? a0000

₁ Number of days separated before returning: ___________a0000#

₂ Not returned to flock for rest of lambing season

₃ Never returned to flock

Abortion Cause	Not suspected	Suspected but not confirmed	Confirmed by a vet or lab
a. Campylobacteriosis (vibrio abortion) a0000	1	2	3
b. Chlamydiosis (enzootic abortion) a0000	1	2	3
c. Toxoplasmosis a0000	1	2	3
d. Q fever a0000	1	2	3
e. Salmonellosis a0000	1	2	3
f. Listeriosis a0000	1	2	3
g. Cache Valley virus a0000	1	2	3
h. Other infectious disease a0000 (specify: ) a0000oth	1	2	3
i. Other non-disease related causes a0000 (specify: ) a0000oth	1	2	3
j. Unknown cause a0000	1	2	3

12. Were any of Q3b abortions suspected or confirmed by a vet or lab to be from any of the following causes?

13. During 2023, were any of the following reproductive practices used on this operation? Check all that apply.

₁ a. Flushing (ewes fed extra energy ration prior to breeding season) a0000

₁ b. Crutching (prelambing shearing) a0000

₁ c. Teaser ram (not for estrus synchronization) a0000

₁ d. Breeding mark such as a harness, or paste/chalk a0000

₁ e. Ultrasound (pregnancy diagnosis, fetal counting) a0000

₁ f. Pregnancy diagnosis by blood test a0000

₁ g. Breeding soundness exam (rams) a0000

₁ h. Udder palpation or bagging a0000

₁ i. Embryo transfer a0000

₁ j. Artificial insemination a0000

₁ k. Hormones for estrus synchronization (including CIDRs) a0000

₁ l. Other estrus synchronization methods, specify ____________ a0000/ a0000oth

₁ m. None of these reproductive practices were used a0000

[If Question 13k and l = No (no estrus synchronization), SKIP to Question 15.]

14. Did this operation synchronize estrus in its ewes for any of the following reasons? Check all that apply.

₁ a. More uniformly sized or aged lamb cropa0000

₁ b. Condensed lambing to optimize labora0000

₁ c. More efficient use of facilitiesa0000

₁ d. Market timinga0000

₁ e. More efficient use of ramsa0000

₁ f. Artificial insemination (AI) a0000

₁ g. Embryo transfer (ET) a0000

₁ h. More efficient use of a veterinariana0000

₁ i. Other (specify: ) a0000/a0000oth

[If Question 13j = No (no artificial insemination), SKIP to Question 16.]

15. During 2023, when artificially inseminating breeding ewes, did you use the following types of semen?

a. Fresh semen a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No ₄ Don’t know

b. Frozen semen a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No ₄ Don’t know

c. Semen from rams belonging to your operation a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No ₄ Don’t know

d. Semen from rams belonging to other operations a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No ₄ Don’t know

16. During 2023, did this operation have a defined breeding season for its ewes, such as rams are kept with a group of ewes for no longer than 4 months? a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

[If question 16= No, SKIP to Question 19.]

17. In general, how frequently does this operation breed the majority of ewes to lamb? Select one. a0000

₁ Less frequently than once a year ₃ Two or more defined breeding seasons per year

₂ Once a year ₄Three defined breeding seasons per 2 years

[If question 17= 1 or 2, skip to question 19].

18. During 2023, how many ewes did you breed more frequently than once a year?a0000 #

19. Were any ewes bred from February to July 2023 (out-of-season breeding)? a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

[If question 19=No, SKIP to Question 21.]

20. Which of the following methods did you use for out-of-season breeding? Check all that apply.

₁ a. Genetic selection for ability to breed out of seasona0000

₁ b. Placing ram with ewesa0000

₁ c. Regulating lighta0000

₁ d. Hormone treatments (such as CIDRS, hormone protocols, or similar)a0000

₁ e. Other hormone treatment? (specify: ) a0000otha0000

₁ f. Other? (specify: ) a0000otha0000

₁ g. No specific methods were used a0000

21. During 2023, how many breeding replacement rams and ewe lambs were:

If none enter 0. Ewes Rams

a. Born and raised on this operation? a0000/a0000 #

b. Acquired elsewhere? a0000/a0000 #

c. Total? a0000/a0000 #

[If question 21c =0 SKIP to question 23.]

22. At what age does your operation generally breed replacement ewes? Select one. a0000

₁ a. Under 8 months ₃ c. 11-17 months

₂ b. 8-10 months ₄ d. 18 months or older

23. During 2023, did sheep on this operation have contact with sheep visiting from another operation for breeding? a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

Section C – Lambing Management

24. For the most recently completed lambing season, you reported Q7a ewes lambed with full-term births (alive or dead). Confirm this number. a0000 ________#

25. For those Q7a ewes that gave birth during the most recently completed lambing season how many lambs were born alive or born dead (stillborn)? If none, enter 0.

a. Born alive? a0000 #

b. Born dead (stillborn)? a0000 #

c. Total? a0000 #

26. Of the Q7a ewes that gave birth (alive or dead) during the most recently completed lambing season how many lambed in the following types of environments? If none, enter 0. Head

a. Individual lambing pen/jugs a0000 #

b. Barn or shed (covered but without individual pens)? a0000 #

c. Special lambing pasture that allows increased observation and/or shelter? a0000 #

d. Other fenced pasture? a0000 #

e. Open range? a0000 #

f. Dry lot (pen which does not allow grazing)? a0000 #

g. Other? (specify: ) a0000oth a0000 #

h. Confirm total is equal to number of ewes that gave birth, reported in 7a. a0000 #

27. During 2023, what percentage of births had someone present to help if needed? a0000 %

28. During 2023, how frequently (in hours) were lambing areas checked for newborns? Answer all that apply.a0000/a0000 ______hours ₁ Continuous/camera monitoring

29. During 2023, did this operation use a separate area, specifically for lambing? a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

[If question 29= No, SKIP to Question 34.]

30. On average, how many hours or days were ewes in the separate lambing area/pen:
Answer to nearest quarter hour if less than 1 hour .

a. Prior to lambing? Enter 0 if moved during or immediately after lambing.

a0000h/a0000d hours OR days

b. After lambing? Enter 0 if removed immediately after lambing.a0000h/a0000d hours OR days

31. During the most recent lambing period, how frequently were the lambing areas and/or jugs cleaned?
Note: Cleaning is defined as removing all bedding and fecal material and replacing with clean bedding material.

(Skip if not used) Lambing area a0000	(Skip if not used) Jugs/individual pens for ewe-lamb pairs a0000
1 Never cleaned	1 Never cleaned
2 Cleaned once at the end of the lambing season	2 Cleaned once at the end of the lambing season
3 Cleaned multiple times throughout the lambing season	3 Cleaned multiple times throughout the lambing season
4 Cleaned after each lambing	4 Cleaned after each lambing
5 Other (specify: ) a0000oth	5 Other (specify: _________________) a0000oth

32. During the most recent lambing period, how frequently were the lambing areas and jugs disinfected?
Note: A chemical disinfectant includes: 1:10 bleach dilution, phenolic product (1 Stroke Environ® or SynPhenol-3®), an accelerated hydrogen peroxide product (Intervention®), or lime.

(Skip in not used) Lambing area a0000	(Skip in not used) Jugs/individual pens for ewe-lamb pairs a0000
1 Never disinfected	1 Never disinfected
2 Disinfected once at the end of the lambing season	2 Disinfected once at the end of the lambing season
3 Disinfected multiple times throughout the lambing season	3 Disinfected multiple times throughout the lambing season
4 Disinfected after each lambing	4 Disinfected after each lambing
5 Other (specify: ) a0000oth	5 Other (specify: _________________) a0000oth

33. During 2023, did you use the lambing area for sick ewes at the following times? Check all that apply.

₁ a. During lambinga0000

₁ b. At other times of the yeara0000

₁ c. Lambing area not used for sick ewesa0000

34. During 2023, were placentas usually removed from where the ewes lambed?a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

[If question 34=No, SKIP to Question 37.]

35. What was the average length of time (in hours) placentas were left on the ground before removal?

a0000 ________hours or a0000₄ Removed as soon as possible

36. Which of the following best describes how placentas (afterbirths) were usually disposed of during 2023? Select one. a0000

₁ Buried ₄ Disposed of in landfill/dump

₂ Burned/incinerated ₅ Threw out for carnivores

₃ Composted ₆ Other (specify: ________________________) a0000oth

37. How many of the 7a lambing ewes had clinical mastitis (abnormal milk or swollen udder)? a0000____#

a0000 ₄ Don’t know

38. Was the lambing rate of this last completed lamb crop higher, about the same, or lower than your normal or average lambing rate? a0000

₁ Higher ₃ Lower

₂ About the same ₄ No lambing rate considered

[If question 38= higher, about the same, or no lambing rate considered SKIP to Section D.]

39. Which of the following best describes the main reason your last lambing rate was lower than expected? Select one. a0000

₁ Open ewes (bred but did not take/early abortion) ₅ Ram fertility

₂ Known abortions ₆ Other (specify:_____________) a0000oth

₃ Lamb deaths (include stillborn lambs) ₇ Don’t know

₄ Reduced twinning/triplets

Section D – Lamb Crop Management

40. During 2023, how many lambs were born alive and born dead (stillborn)? If none, enter 0.

a. Born alive a0000 #

b. Born dead (stillborn) a0000 #

c. Total a0000 #

₁ Check here if number born alive or born dead (stillborn) is unknown.

41. Of the Q40a lambs born alive, how many were or are expected to be weaned? a0000 #

42. Of the Q40a lambs born alive, how many were or are expected to be docked? a0000 #

43. Of the Q40c total lambs born in 2023, how many were born during the following months?

a. January a0000 #

b. February a0000 #

c. March a0000 #

d. April a0000 #

e. May a0000 #

f. June a0000 #

g. July a0000 #

h. August a0000 #

i. September a0000 #

j. October a0000 #

k. November a0000 #

l. December a0000 #

m. Total-Confirm it is equal to 40c (total lambs born) a0000 #

44. How often were navels dipped on newborn lambs with a chlorhexidine or iodine solution? Select one. a0000

₁ Always

₂ Sometime

₃ Never

45. During 2023, how many of the Q40a newborn lambs received colostrum by the following methods? If none enter 0.

a. Hand feeding only; lambs were separated from the mothers immediately after

birth and hand fed by a teat feeder/bottle/tube feeder, etc. a0000 head

b. Both nursed the ewe and hand feeding a0000 head

c. Nursed the ewe only a0000 head

d. Total-Should equal 40a a0000 head

[If Question 45a=0 and 45b=0 (no hand feeding of colostrum SKIP to Question 50.]

46. How many hours following birth were handfed newborn lambs typically given/fed their first colostrum?

If <1 hour, enter closest quarter hour. a0000 hours

a0000₁ Fed immediately a0000₁ Nursed ewe first

47. How many ounces of colostrum was normally fed by hand to newborn lambs at the first feeding?

a0000 _________________oz or a0000₁ Nursed ewe first

48. During 2023, were any of the following colostrum sources used? Check all that apply.

₁ a. Individual sheep colostrum from this operationa0000

₁ b. Pooled (mixed from multiple ewes) colostrum from this operationa0000

₁ c. Liquid sheep colostrum from outside source (individual or pooled)a0000

₁ d. Cow colostruma0000

1. If Yes, was it from a herd tested for Johne’s?a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No ₄ Don’t know

₁ e. Goat colostruma0000

i. If Yes, was it from a herd tested for Johne’s?a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No ₄ Don’t know

₁ f. Commercial colostrum replacera0000

₁ d. Commercial colostrum supplements a0000

₁ e. Other (specify: ) a0000oth/a0000

[If Question 48a-e=Not checked (no livestock sourced used), SKIP to Question 50.]

49. Were colostrum sources usually heat treated/pasteurized prior to feeding?a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

50. What was the primary method used to store colostrum? Select one. a0000

₁ Do not store colostrum

₂ Stored without refrigeration

₃ Stored in a refrigerator

₄ Stored in a freezer

₅ Other (specify: ) a0000oth

51. During 2023, how many of the Q40a newborn lambs received milk or milk replacer from the following sources?

a. Milk or milk replacer from other sources only (not nursing the ewe) a0000 head

b. Nursed the ewe and were given milk or milk replacer from other sources a0000 head

c. Nursed ewe only a0000 head

d. Total-Should equal 40a a0000 head

[Question 51a=0 and 51b=0 (no liquid diet from other sources), SKIP to Question 57.]

52. During 2023, were any of the following sources of milk or milk replacer used? Check all that apply.

₁ a. Individual sheep milk from this operationa0000

₁ b. Pooled (mixed from multiple ewes) sheep milk from this operationa0000

₁ c. Liquid sheep milk from outside source (individual or pooled)a0000

₁ d. Fresh cow milka0000

i. If Yes, was it from a herd tested for Johne’s? a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No ₄ Don’t know

₁ e. Goat milka0000

i. If Yes, was it from a herd tested for Johne’s? a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No ₄ Don’t know

₁ f. Commercial milk replacera0000

₁ g. Other (specify: ) a0000oth/a0000

[If Question 52a-e =Not checked (no livestock sources used), SKIP to Question 54.]

53. Was the supplemented fresh milk pasteurized? a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

[If Question 52f=Not checked (no milk replacer used), SKIP to Question 55.]

54. For the commercial milk replacer used, were any of the listed medications in the milk replacer? Check all that apply.

a. ₁ Deccox® (decoquinate)a0000

b. ₁ NT, Neo-Terramycin®, Neo-Oxy (neomycin and oxytetracycline) a0000

c. ₁ Bovatec® (lasalocid)a0000

d. ₁ Other (specify: ) a0000otha0000

e. ₁ No medications were in the milk replacer

f. ₁ Unknown if there were medications in the milk replacer

55. What was the primary equipment used to feed lambs that were hand fed? Select one. a0000

₁ Bottle ₄ In-line milk feeding system (milk machine, LacTec, Forster)

₂ Bucket ₅ Other (specify:________________________) a0000oth

₃ Trough or mob feeder (for example, milk bar)

56. During 2023, how frequently was milk feeding equipment cleaned? Note: cleaning means it is rinsed with water and soap. Select one.

₁ Never cleaned ₄ Once a day

₂ After the lambs were weaned and moved ₅ After each feeding

₃ Less than once a day ₆ Other (specify: _________________) a0000oth

57. During 2023, how frequently was milk feeding equipment disinfected? Note: A chemical disinfectant includes: 1:10 bleach dilution, phenolic product (1 Stroke Environ® or SynPhenol-3®) or an accelerated hydrogen peroxide product (Intervention®). Select one.

₁ Never disinfected ₄ Once a day

₂ After the lambs were weaned and moved ₅ After each feeding

₃ Less than once a day ₆ Other (specify: _________________) a0000oth

57. During 2023, what was the average age (in days) of the majority of lambs when they first had access to creep feed? a0000 days

a0000 ₁ No creep feed provided

[If Question 42 = 0 (no lambs docked), SKIP to Question 62.]

58. For lambs that were docked, which number in the picture best describes the length of the majority of lambs’ tails after docking? Select one. a0000

₁ 1. Shorter than the caudal fold (bare skin located under the tail which comes together in a “V”)

₂ 2. At the caudal fold

₃ 3. Longer than the caudal fold

59. What was the average age (in days) when lambs’ tails were docked? a0000 days

60. What was the primary method of tail docking? Select one. a0000

₁ Rubber band (elastrator band) ₄ Scalpel/knife

₂ Hot docking iron ₅ Other (specify: ___________________) a0000oth

₃ Clamp/burdizzo (crush and cut)

61. When lambs were docked, were analgesics or anesthetics routinely used? a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

62. During 2023, how many ram lambs were or will be castrated?a0000 head

₁ All rams castrated a0000 ₁ N/A – no rams borna0000

[If Question 62 = N/A (no rams born) or 0 castrated, SKIP to Question 66.]

63. What was the average age (in days) at which these ram lambs were castrated? a0000 days

64. Which of the following best describes the primary method of castration used on this operation?

Select one. a0000

₁ Rubber band (elastrator band)

₂ Clamp/burdizzo/emasculator (crush cords)

₃ Remove testicles with a blade

₄ Other (specify: ) a0000oth

65. When ram lambs were castrated, were analgesics or anesthetics routinely used? a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

66. During 2023, when lambs were weaned, what was their average age and weight?

a. Average age (in months) a0000 months

b. Average weight (in pounds) a0000 pounds

67. Of the Q41 weaned lambs, how many were sold? Include lambs weaned at the time of removal from the operation. a0000 head

[If Question 67 = 0, SKIP to Question 69.]

68. What was the average age and weight of these lambs when sold?

a. Average age (in months) a0000 months

b. Average weight (in pounds) a0000 _______ pounds

69. During 2023, did this operation have any lambs sold or moved directly to a feedlot? a0000

₁ Yes ₃ No

[If Question 69 = No, Skip to Section E.]

70. For the majority of lambs sold or moved to a feedlot, which best describes this operation’s ownership? Select one. a0000

₁ Retained complete ownership

₂ Retain partial ownership

₃ Retain no ownership

Section E – Culling Management

71. During 2023, how many cull breeding ewes and rams were permanently removed from this operation? If none enter 0.

a. Culled breeding ewes a0000 ______head

b. Culled breeding rams a0000 ______head

[If 71a and 71b=0, SKIP to Section G.]

[If 71a =0, Skip to Question 74.]

72. How many of the Q71a culled breeding ewes were removed due to the following primary issues? [Include each animal only once.] Ewes

a. Old age/teeth problems a0000 head

b. Low milk production a0000 head

c. Less desirable genetics (conformational faults, small young, new genetics,
wool or growth rates, parasite resistance, etc.) a0000 head

d. Single lamb births a0000 head

e. Poor mothering a0000 head

f. Failure to lamb (open or aborted) or other reproductive problems a0000 head

g. High somatic cell count a0000 head

h. Economic issues (for example, drought, flock reduction, market conditions) a0000 head

i. Illness a0000 head

i. Mastitis (including hard bag syndrome) a0000 head

ii. Thin or unthrifty a0000 head

iii. Neurological signs (loss of coordination, staggering, swaying, falling down,
high stepping of forelegs, or stiff rear legs, lip smacking, or similar) a0000 head

iv. Internal parasites, high fecal egg count, or based on FAMACHA score a0000 head

v. Respiratory problems (pneumonia, coughing, runny nose, etc.) a0000 head

v. Pregnancy Toxemia a0000 head

vi. Other illness (specify: ) a0000oth a0000 head

j. Other (specify: ) a0000oth a0000 head

73. What was the average age in years of these culled ewes? a0000 years

[If 71b = 0 skip to Section G.]

74. How many of the Q71b culled breeding rams were removed due to the following primary issues?
[Include each animal only once.] Rams

a. Old age/teeth problems a0000 head

b. Low productivity a0000 head

c. Less desirable genetics (conformational faults, small young, new genetics,
wool or growth rates, parasite resistance, etc.)) a0000 head

d. Buck breeding performance a0000 head

e. Economic issues (for example, drought, herd reduction, market conditions) a0000 head

f. Poor disposition a0000 head

g. Illness a0000 head

i. Thin or unthrifty a0000 head

ii. Neurological signs (loss of coordination, staggering, swaying, falling down,
high stepping of forelegs, or stiff rear legs, lip smacking, or similar) a0000 head

iii. Internal parasites, high fecal egg count, or based on FAMACHA score a0000 head

v. Respiratory problems (pneumonia, coughing, runny nose, etc.) a0000 head

iv. Other illness (specify: ) a0000oth a0000 head

h. Other (specify: ) a0000oth a0000 head

75. What was the average age in years of these culled rams? a0000 years

Section F – Biosecurity

76. During 2023, did any paid or unpaid workers have sheep or other livestock at their home off this operation? a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No ₄ Don’t know

77. During 2023, were any of the following domestic animals on this operation at any time?

Check all that apply.

₁ a. Goats a0000 ₁ h. Captive deer, elk, or other exotic hoof stock a0000

₁ b. Cattle a0000 ₁ i. Dogs a0000

₁ c. Horses, donkeys a0000 ₁ j. Outdoor or indoor/outdoor domestic cats a0000

₁ d. Llamas, alpacas a0000 ₁ k. Feral or stray cats a0000

₁ e. Pigs a0000 ₁ l. Litters of kittens a0000

₁ f. Poultry (chickens, turkeys, etc.) a0000 ₁ m. None of the listed animals were present a0000 ₁ g. Bison a0000

[If 77i = Not checked (no dogs) skip to Question 81.]

78. Are dogs on the operation dewormed at least annually? a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

79. Do the dogs eat sheep carcasses? a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

80. Are the dogs vaccinated against rabies? a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

[If 77j and 77k = Not checked (not cats) skip to question 82.]

81. Were the contents of a cat litter box discarded into sheep-raising areas? a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

82. During 2023, were any of the following domestic animals on adjacent operations where fence-line contact was possible? Check all that apply.

₁ Sheep ₁ Poultry (chickens, turkeys, or similar)

₁ Goats ₁ Bison

₁ Cattle ₁ Captive deer, elk, or other exotic hoof stock

₁ Horses, donkeys ₁ Dogs

₁ Llamas, alpacas ₁ None of the listed animals were on adjacent operations

₁ Pigs

83. During 2023, were any of the following wild animals and/or signs of wild animals (scat, tracks, or similar) observed on this operation or in adjacent areas? Check all that apply.

	On this operation?	On adjacent property?
a. Wild goats	1	1	a0000/a0000
b. Bighorn sheep	1	1	a0000/a0000
c. Feral swine or wild boars	1	1	a0000/a0000
d. Deer, elk, or other hoof stock	1	1	a0000/a0000
e. Raccoons, skunks, or opossums	1	1	a0000/a0000
f. Predators (for example, coyotes, bears, wolves)	1	1	a0000/a0000
g. Wild or exotic cats (for example bobcats, mountain lions)	1	1	a0000/a0000
h. None of the listed animals were observed	1	1

84. During 2023, were any of the following methods used on this operation specifically to control rats and mice? Check all that apply.

₁ a. Traps, baits, and/or poisona0000

₁ b. Professional exterminatora0000

₁ c. Dogs or catsa0000

₁ d. Other (specify: ) a0000oth a0000

₁ e. No rodent control methods were used

85. During 2023, which best describes how you isolated sick sheep from the rest of the flock? a0000 Select one.

₁ Never isolated sick sheep
₂ Occasionally isolated sick sheep depending on the illness or the severity of the illness

₃ Always isolated sick sheep

₄ No sick sheep during 2023

[If question 85=Never isolated or No sick sheep, SKIP to Question 88.]

86. Were these sick sheep usually isolated in any of the following areas? Check all that apply.

₁ In a pen specifically for sick animals but located in the same housing area as other sheep
₁ In a separate, covered structure a0000

₁ In a separate fenced area outside a0000

₁ In another isolated area (specify: ) a0000oth a0000

87. For isolated sick animals during 2023, which of the following best describes how frequently the area was cleaned? Note: cleaning means at least all bedding material removed. Select one.

₁ Never cleaned

₂ Cleaned after each sick animal left

₃ Weekly

₄ Monthly

₅ No set time period

₆ Other (specify___________________) _a0000oth

88. For isolated sick animals during 2023, which of the following best describes how frequently the area was disinfected? Note: A chemical disinfectant includes: 1:10 bleach dilution, phenolic product (1 Stroke Environ® or SynPhenol-3®) or an accelerated hydrogen peroxide product (Intervention®) or lime. Select one.

₁ Never

₂ Disinfected after each sick animal left

₃ Weekly

₄ Monthly

₅ No set time period

₆ Other (specify___________________) _a0000oth

89. During 2023, were any sheep given any injections, such as for vaccines, to give antibiotics, etc.? a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

[If question 89=No, SKIP to Question 95.]

90. For each sheep injected, was a new needle used? a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

[If question90=Yes, SKIP to Question 92.]

91. Were the needles chemically disinfected with a solution, such as Betadine, Nolvasan, or bleach between sheep? a0000₁ Yes ₃ No

92. Of all injections administered to sheep, what percentage were administered by the following individuals? If none enter 0.

a. Farm personnel a0000 %

b. Veterinarian a0000 %

c. Other (specify: ) a0000oth a0000 %

d. Confirm total = 100%

93. Of all injections administered to sheep, what percentage were given by the following routes? If none enter 0.

a. Subcutaneous (SQ) a0000 %

b. Intramuscular (IM) a0000 %

c. Intravenous (IV) a0000 %

d. Confirm total = 100%

[If Question 93b = 0 (no intramuscular injections), SKIP to Question 95.]

9 4. Of the intramuscular injections were given to sheep, which number in the picture best describes the primary location injected? Select one. a0000

₁ Neck (1)

₂ Loin (2)

₃ Leg (3)

₄ Other location (specify: ) a0000oth

95. Which of the following categories best describes your knowledge of the Sheep Safety and Quality Assurance (SSQA) program? a0000

₁ Had not heard of the SSQA program before this study

₂ Have heard about the SSQA program, but not certified/educated

₃ Certified/educated (at any level) through the SSQA program

96. During 2023, did sheep have access to any surface water (for example, ponds, irrigation ditches, streams, creeks, or similar)? a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

97. During 2023, which of the following best describes the primary housing structures used for the majority of ewes for each of the listed seasons? Check one only for each row.

	Structure with four walls and roof with door closed most of the time	Structure with four walls and roof with door open most of the time	Structure with roof and three or fewer walls, for example, loafing shed	No structure
a. During winter	1	2	3	4	a0000
b. During summer	1	2	3	4	a0000
c. For lambing	1	2	3	4	a0000

98. During 2023, which of the following best describes the surface moisture of the ground or flooring that sheep stood on most of the time during the listed seasons? Check one only for each row.

	Usually dry	Wet, but less than half the time	Wet about half the time	Wet more than half the time, but no standing water	Usually standing water or slurry
a. Winter/Spring	1	2	2	3	4	a0000
b. Summer/Fall	1	2	2	3	4	a0000

99. During 2023, did this operation share any equipment with other livestock owners (for example, tractors, feeding equipment, manure spreaders, trailers, clippers, hoof trimmers, dehorners)?
a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

[If question 99= No, skip to Section G.]

100. Was shared equipment cleaned prior to use on your operation? a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

a. If Yes, which of the following best describes this operation’s cleaning procedures? a0000

Select one.

₁ Wash equipment with water (with or without soap) or steam only

₂ Chemically disinfect only

₃ Wash and chemically disinfect equipment

₄ Other (specify: ) a0000oth

Section G – Sheep Health Management

101. How familiar are you with ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP)? Select one. a0000

₁ Very familiar ₃ Heard of name only

₂ Somewhat familiar ₄ Never heard of it

[If ‘heard of name only’ or ‘never heard of it’, SKIP to Question 106.]

102. Do you have a current flock health management program specifically to control or prevent OPP in your flock? a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

[If question 102 = No, SKIP to Question 106]

103. During 2023, how many sheep on your operation were tested for OPP?a0000/a0000 _______# ₁ None

[If question 103= None (0), SKIP to Question 105.]

104. Of those tested sheep, how many were seropositive for OPP? a0000 #

105. Were any of the following methods do you use to control or prevent OPP in your flock? Check all that apply.

₁ a. Remove from flock all seropositive sheep and lambs (sold and/or isolated)a0000

₁ b. Keep flock isolated from infected sheep or goatsa0000

₁ c. Add only seronegative sheep to the flocka0000

₁ d. Add only sheep from OPP-seronegative flocksa000

₁ e. Maintain a closed flock (no new additions) a0000

₁ f. Test goats for CAE (caprine arthritis encephalitis)a0000

₁ g. Other methods (specify: ) a0000oth

106. Which of the following best describes the current OPP status of your flock? [Select one] a0000

₁ Currently infected with OPP

₂ Previously infected with OPP but now negative

₃ Suspect OPP in the flock, but not confirmed

₃ Never suspected OPP in the flock

₄ Do not know current OPP status

107. During 2023, how many sheep and lambs in your flock had sore mouth (contagious ecthyma, orf)? a0000 ___________# a0000 ₁ None ₂ Don’t know

[If Question 107= None (0) or Don’t know, SKIP to Question 110.]

108. How many of those Q107 sheep and lambs with sore mouth died? a0000 #

109. During 2023, how often did you use the following practices when handling sheep with scabs around the mouth, feet, or udder?

	Always	Sometimes	Never
a. Wore gloves when handling sheep with scabs	1	2	3	a0000
b. Washed hands with soap and water after touching sheep with scabs	1	2	3	a0000
c. Covered your cuts and scrapes when handling sheep with scabs	1	2	3	a0000
d. Obtained veterinary consultation when sheep had scabs	1	2	3	a0000

110. During 2023, did any sheep on your operation have abscesses, boils, or lumps typically on the head, neck, shoulder, or upper rear legs? a0000₁ Yes ₃ No

[If Question 110=No , SKIP to Question 113.]

111. During 2023, how many sheep had any abscesses, boils, or lumps? a0000 _______# ₂ Don’t know

112. Were any of the following actions taken for sheep with abscesses, boils, or lumps? Check all that apply.

₁ a. Call the veterinariana0000

₁ b. Cull the sheep to market or slaughtera0000

₁ c. Isolate the sheepa0000

₁ d. Drain or lance the lumpsa0000

₁ e. Lab tests for caseous lymphadenitis (CL)/abscesses (for example, culture, SHI test)a0000

₁ f. Treat with antibioticsa0000

₁ g. Inject a substance into the abscess/lumpa0000

₁ h. Test sheep for CL titers (blood test)a0000

₁ i. Other (specify: ) a0000oth a0000

₁ i. No actions taken

[If question 112c= not checked (did not isolate due to abscesses), skip to question 114.]

113. For sheep that were isolated due to abscesses, how many days, on average, were they isolated? a0000 _________days

[If question 112d= not checked (did not drain of lance lumps), skip to question 115.]

114. For abscesses that were drained or lanced, was the drainage disposed of away from the sheep raising areas? a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

115. For the sheep that were tested for CL titers, when were they tested? Check all that apply.

₁ As replacements only, prior to bringing them onto the operation a0000

₁ Annually a0000

₁ After leaving and returning to the operation a0000

₁ Other (specify:__________________) a0000/ a0000oth

116. During 2023, did you have any mature sheep (rams or ewes) with progressive weight loss that did not respond with increased nutrition? a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

117. Do you currently have any flock health management or certification program(s) specifically to control or prevent Johne’s disease in your flock? a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

118. Which of the following measures do you practice to specifically prevent Johne’s disease in your flock?

₁ a. Test any sheep Johne’s disease a0000

₁ b. Test any goats or cows for Johne’s diseasea0000

₁ c. Obtain newly acquired breeding ewes and rams from known Johne’s-negative flocks a0000

₁ d. Use known, reputable source(s) of sheep (not sale barn) a0000

₁ e. Prohibit contact with sheep from other operations a0000

₁ f. Do not expose lambs to feces of infected or unknown status ewesa0000

₁ g. Conduct definitive tests for Johne’s at necropsy a0000

₁ h. Other measures (specify: __________________) a0000oth/a0000

₁ i. No measures practiced specifically to prevent Johne’s disease

[If Question 118a = No (do not test sheep for Johne’s disease), SKIP to Question 121.]

119.For any sheep that tested for Johne’s disease, what type of test(s) were used? Check all that apply.

₁ Blood

₁ Fecal

₁ Other (specify: )

120. For any sheep that tested positive, which of the following actions were taken? Check all that apply.

₁ Quarantinea0000 ₁No action taken

₁ Cull a0000 ₁ N/A (no positive sheep)

₁ Other (specify:______________) a0000oth

121. In general, do weaned lambs less than 12 months of age share common feed OR water sources with adult sheep? a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No ₄ No weaned lambs

122. Do you ever place thin ewes with younger sheep to encourage or increase the ewes’ feed intake or to improve the ewe’s nutrition? a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

123. During 2023, did any sheep or lambs on your operation receive any vaccines?a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

[If question 123= No, SKIP to Section H.]

124. During 2023, which of the following vaccines were used for each of the listed age classes?

	Preweaned lambs	Weaned lambs	Adult ewes	Adult rams
Which of the following age groups received vaccines in 2023? If a group did not receive a vaccine, SKIP to the next one.	1 a0000	1 a0000	1 a0000	1 a0000
a. CLOSTRIDIAL vaccines? a0000/ a0000/ a0000/ a0000	1 Yes 3 No	1 Yes 3 No	1 Yes 3 No	1 Yes 3 No
If yes, check all clostridium vaccines administered:
i. Clostridium type C and D for enterotoxemia (overeating disease, bloody scours, pulpy kidney disease)	1 a0000	1 a0000	1 a0000	1 a0000
ii. Tetanus (Cl. tetani)	1 a0000	1 a0000	1 a0000	1 a0000
iii. 7- or 8 way vaccine (Blackleg, malignant edema, Clostridium chauvoei and/or Cl. septicum) and/or Cl. novyi and/or Cl. Sordellii and C D and T)	1 a0000	1 a0000	1 a0000	1 a0000
b. RESPIRATORY vaccines? a0000/ a0000/ a0000/ a0000	1 Yes 3 No	1 Yes 3 No	1 Yes 3 No	1 Yes 3 No
If yes, check all respiratory vaccines administered:
i. Pneumonia (Pasteurella/Mannheimia)	1 a0000	1 a0000	1 a0000	1 a0000
ii. BRSV	1 a0000	1 a0000	1 a0000	1 a0000
iii. Other respiratory vaccines	1 a0000	1 a0000	1 a0000	1 a0000
c. ANTI-ABORTION vaccines? a0000			1 Yes 3 No
If yes, check all anti-abortion administered:
i. EAE (Chlamydiophila abortus)			1 a0000
ii. Leptospirosis			1 a0000
iii. Campylobacter fetus/jejuni (vibrio)			1 a0000
d. OTHER vaccines? a0000/ a0000/ a0000/ a0000	1 Yes 3 No	1 Yes 3 No	1 Yes 3 No	1 Yes 3 No
If yes, check all other vaccines administered:
i. Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL, Abscesses, Lumpy jaw)	1 a0000	1 a0000	1 a0000	1 a0000
ii. Sore mouth (contagious ecthyma)	1 a0000	1 a0000	1 a0000	1 a0000
iii. Rabies	1 a0000	1 a0000	1 a0000	1 a0000
iv. Scour/diarrhea control (E. coli, rotavirus)	1 a0000	1 a0000	1 a0000	1 a0000
v. Footvax (foot rot vaccine)	1 a0000	1 a0000	1 a0000	1 a0000
vi. Other vaccines (specify:____________________) a0000oth	1 a0000	1 a0000	1 a0000	1 a0000

[If Question 124a.i. and 124a.iii. (Clostridium C and D) = not used in ewes, SKIP to Question 126.]

125. During 2023, how frequently were adult ewes vaccinated for Clostridium C and D? [Select one] a0000

₁ 3 to 4 times a year

₂ Twice a year

₃ Annually

₄ Less often than annually

[If Question 124d.v. (footvax vaccine)= not used, skip to section I.]

126. During 2023, how often did you vaccinate sheep with FootVax? Select one. a0000

₁ Once a year

₂ Twice a year

₃ More frequently than twice a year

127. During 2023, when did you choose to vaccinate sheep with FootVax? Select one. a0000

₁ On a preventative schedule

₂ Before an expected peak in foot rot

₃ During a foot rot outbreak

₄ Other (specify: ) a0000oth

Section H – Parasite Control

128. Which of the following categories best describes your knowledge or use of the FAMACHA© card/eye color score? Select one. a0000

₁ Had not heard of FAMACHA before this study

₂ Have seen or heard about FAMACHA, but do not use

₃ Have used FAMACHA some

₄ Regularly use FAMACHA as management tool

129. Which of the following categories best describes your knowledge or use of the Five Point Check© (The Five Point Check© uses the FAMACHA© card and other considerations, including signs of bottle jaw, body condition score, presence of diarrhea/scours, and signs of nasal bots)? Select one. a0000

₁ Had not heard of the Five Point Check© before this study

₂ Have heard about the Five Point Check©, but do not use

₃ Have used the Five Point check© some

₄ Regularly use the Five Point Check© as management tool

[If Question 128 = Have not heard of or Do not use, SKIP to Question 131]

130. Do you use FAMACHA© card or the Five Point Check© for the following reasons? Check all that apply.

₁ To identify worm-susceptible sheep or lambs to cull

₁ Selectively deworm sheep or lambs (for example, only sheep with certain scores are dewormed)

₁ Other(specify: )

131. During 2023, how many sheep or lambs were tested for internal parasites by any fecal test method? If none enter 0. ____#a0000

[If Question 131=0, SKIP to Question 134.]

132. Of the Q126 sheep and lambs that were tested, how many of the following tests were performed? Count each test separately. For example, if you have 20 sheep and each one was tested twice by fecal flotation, put “40”. If none enter 0.

a. Fecal flotation a0000 #

b. Fecal egg count (not as part of a fecal egg count reduction test) a0000 #

b. Fecal egg count reduction test (fecal egg count both before and after deworming)
[Count pre- and post-deworming as one.] a0000 #

c. DrenchRite® (lab test for resistance to dewormers) a0000 #

d. Other (specify: ) a0000oth a0000 #

[If Question 132a and b = 0, SKIP to Question 134.]

133. During 2023, who completed the majority of the fecal flotations or fecal egg counts? Select one. a0000

₁ Self or employee on the operation

₂ Private veterinarian

₃ State/university laboratory

₄ Private laboratory

₅ Other (specify: ) a0000oth

134. During the previous 3 years, did you deworm any sheep with pharmaceutical/commercial dewormers? a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

[If Question 134=No, SKIP to Question 138.]

135. During 2023, what percentage of lambs on this operation were:

a. Not dewormed? a0000 %

b. Dewormed once? a0000 %

c. Dewormed twice? a0000 %

d. Dewormed three or more times? a0000 %

136. During 2023, what percentage of sheep on this operation were:

a. Not dewormed? a0000 %

b. Dewormed once? a0000 %

c. Dewormed twice? a0000 %

d. Dewormed three or more times? a0000 %

[If Question 135a and 136a both = 100% (no lambs or sheep dewormed), SKIP to Question 138.]

137. During 2023, did you use the following pharmaceutical products to treat for worms? Do not include treatment for coccidia. For help categorizing specific products into anthelmintic class use the Anthelmintic Reference Card.

a. Avermectins or Milbemycins (for example, Ivomec® Cydectin® Dectomax®)
a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No ₄ Don’t know

b. Benzimidazoles (for example, Panacur®/Safeguard®/Valbazen®)
a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No ₄ Don’t know

c. Imidazothiazoles (for example, Levasole®--levamisole) a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No ₄ Don’t know

d. Benzenesulphonamides (for example, Curatrem®, Ivomec Plus®)
a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No ₄ Don’t know

e. Tetrahydropyrimidines (for example, Rumatel®) a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No ₄ Don’t know

f. Other (specify: ) a0000oth a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No ₄ Don’t know

138. During 2023, did you use any of the following products to treat for worms? Do not include treatment for coccidia. Check all that apply.

₁ High tannin containing concentrate hay or pellets (for example, lespedeza, birdsfoot trefoil)

₁ Diatomaceous earth

₁ Botanicals/herbs/cayenne pepper/garlic/apple cider vinegar

₁ Copper oxide wire particles

₁ Feed a biological control product such as BioWorma® or Livamol® (Duddingtonia flagrans)

₁ Other (specify: ) a0000oth/a0000

₁ No alternative deworming products were used

139. During 2023, what was the total amount of money spent on deworming products (both pharmaceutical and alternative/natural) administered to sheep on your operation (include those administered by a veterinarian)? a0000 $

₁ Don’t know

140. Of the reasons in the deworming reason list, choose the top three reasons in order of importance, that you use to decide which sheep to deworm.

Deworming reason list
1. All sheep treated on a regular schedule as a preventative measure (for example, seasonally, annually)	7. Bottle jaw
2. Worms were seen in feces	8. Nasal bots
3. When the sheep’s hair coat or body condition are poor	9. Five Point Check©
4. Fecal consistency (diarrhea/scours)	10. Liver flukes (Fasciola hepatica)
5. Based on fecal tests (e.g., fecal floats, FECRT)	11. Tapeworms
6. Based on FAMACHA card system/eye anemia score	12. Other (specify:____________________)a0000oth

Code

a. Most important reason a0000

b. Second most important reason a0000

c. Third most important reason a0000

141. During 2023, did you do any of the following as part of your internal parasite control program?

a. Deworm animals based on fecal egg counts or other fecal examinations a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

b. Select for parasite-resistant sheep or cull worm-susceptible sheep a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

c. Use a higher dose of dewormer than the labeled dose for sheepa0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

d. Give a combination of two or more dewormer drugs at once a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

e. Give repeated doses of the same dewormer on successive days a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

f. Rotate dewormers (switch dewormers each time you treat) a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

g. Rotate pastures a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No ₄ N/A

h. Graze sheep on the same pasture as other livestock or horsesa0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No ₄ N/A

i. Graze sheep on land that was alternated with crop/hay production a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

j. Limit over-grazing and leave 4-6 inches of standing grass a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No ₄ N/A

j. Leave sheep in a dry lot after deworming for 24 to 48 hours or longer a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

k. Change lambing season to reduce the risk of high parasite exposure a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

l. Provide additional protein supplement to increase resistance a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

m. Graze sheep or lambs on pastures with high tannin-containing plants a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

n. Other (specify: ) a0000oth a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

[If question 141h = No, skip to question 143]

142. For sheep that were grazed on the same pasture as other livestock or horses,

a. Were they grazed on the pasture at the same time? a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

b. Were the different species grazed in succession? a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

143. What is the primary way this operation determines whether or not the dewormer program is working? Select one. a0000

₁ Achieve expected performance (for example, target weights, fat percentage, wool quality)

₂ Appearance of sheep

₃ Fecal consistency (no diarrhea/scours)

₄ Improved FAMACHA or Five Point Check Score/ or eye score

₅ Laboratory testing

₆ Don’t have a deworming program or don’t think about if the deworming program is working

₆ Other (specify: ) a0000oth

144. During 2023, have you observed any of the following parasites in or on your sheep and did you treat for them?

Parasite	Did not Observe	Observed but did not treat	Observed and Treated
Lice	1	2	3	a0000/a0000
Mites	1	2	3	a0000/a0000
Ticks	1	2	3	a0000/a0000
Nasal bots	1	2	3	a0000/a0000
Keds	1	2	3	a0000/a0000
Blowfly larvae (maggots)	1	2	3	a0000/a0000
Tapeworms	1	2	3	a0000/a0000

Section I – Lameness

145. During 2023, how many lambs or sheep had any signs of lameness? If none enter 0.

a. Lambs a0000 #

b. Ewes a0000 #

c. Rams a0000 #

d. Total (should equal sum of a-c) a0000 #

[If Question 145d = 0 (no lame sheep) SKIP to Question 158.]

[If Question 145a = 0 (no lame lambs) SKIP to Question 147.]

146. Of the Q140a lame lambs, what number were thought to be lame from the following causes, and if there were any lame animals was it diagnosed by a veterinarian ?

Cause	Number of lambs	Diagnosed by a veterinarian
a. Foot scald a0000/ a0000		1 Yes 3 No
b. Foot rot a0000/ a0000		1 Yes 3 No
c. Contagious ovine digital dermatitis a0000/ a0000		1 Yes 3 No
d. Foot abscess a0000/ a0000		1 Yes 3 No
e. Shelly hoof/ white line disease a0000/ a0000		1 Yes 3 No
f. Granuloma a0000/ a0000		1 Yes 3 No
g. Injuries a0000/ a0000		1 Yes 3 No
h. Septic arthritis a0000/ a0000		1 Yes 3 No
i. Swollen joints/ joint ill a0000/ a0000		1 Yes 3 No
j. Other (specify:_________________)a0000oth a0000/ a0000		1 Yes 3 No

[If Question 145b = 0 (no lame ewes) SKIP to Question 148.]

147. Of the Q140b lame ewes, what number were thought to be lame from the following causes, and if there were any lame animals was it diagnosed by a veterinarian ?

Cause	Number of lambs	Diagnosed by a veterinarian
a. Foot scald a0000/ a0000		1 Yes 3 No
b. Foot rot a0000/ a0000		1 Yes 3 No
c. Contagious ovine digital dermatitis a0000/ a0000		1 Yes 3 No
d. Foot abscess a0000/ a0000		1 Yes 3 No
e. Shelly hoof/ white line disease a0000/ a0000		1 Yes 3 No
f. Granuloma a0000/ a0000		1 Yes 3 No
g. Injuries a0000/ a0000		1 Yes 3 No
h. Septic arthritis a0000/ a0000		1 Yes 3 No
i. Swollen joints/ joint ill a0000/ a0000		1 Yes 3 No
j. Other (specify:_________________)a0000oth a0000/ a0000		1 Yes 3 No

[If Question 145c = 0 (no lame rams) SKIP to Question 149.]

148. Of the Q140c lame rams, what number were thought to be lame from the following causes, and if there were any lame animals was it diagnosed by a veterinarian ?

Cause	Number of lambs	Diagnosed by a veterinarian
a. Foot scald a0000/ a0000		1 Yes 3 No
b. Foot rot a0000/ a0000		1 Yes 3 No
c. Contagious ovine digital dermatitis a0000/ a0000		1 Yes 3 No
d. Foot abscess a0000/ a0000		1 Yes 3 No
e. Shelly hoof/ white line disease a0000/ a0000		1 Yes 3 No
f. Granuloma a0000/ a0000		1 Yes 3 No
g. Injuries a0000/ a0000		1 Yes 3 No
h. Septic arthritis a0000/ a0000		1 Yes 3 No
i. Swollen joints/ joint ill a0000/ a0000		1 Yes 3 No
j. Other (specify:_________________)a0000oth a0000/ a0000		1 Yes 3 No

149. During 2023, in which of the following seasons was lameness more common? Select one. a0000

₁ Spring months (March-May)

₂ Summer months (June-August)

₃ Autumn months (September-November)

₄ Winter months (December-February)

₄ No season was more common

150. During 2023, how frequently were sheep checked so that a lame sheep could be identified? Select one. a0000

₁ Weekly or more often

₂ Monthly

₃ 4 times per year

₄ Less frequently than 4 times per year

₅ Never checked for lameness

₆ Other (specify: ) a0000oth

[If question 150=5 (never checked for lameness) skip to Question 154.]

151. Who generally identified lame sheep? Select one. a0000

₁ Owner/family member

₂ On-site farm personnel

₃ Veterinarian

₄ Other (specify: ) a0000oth

152. When a lame sheep was identified what severity of lameness normally resulted in an examination of the sheep? Select one. a0000

₁ Any degree of lameness

₂ Mild lameness (only noticeable at a fast walk/run)

₃ Moderate lameness (noticeable at a walk)

₄ Severe lameness (unable to bear weight)

₅ Other (specify: ) a0000oth

153. How soon after being identified as lame were sheep usually examined and received treatment? Select one. a0000

₁ Within a few hours

₂ Within a day

₃ Within a week

₄ Within a month

₅ Other (specify:___________________)

154. During 2023, how many times did a veterinarian visit the operation and diagnose or treat lameness?

a. In conjunction with a regular or routine visit, such as pregnancy checks a0000 #

b. During a visit exclusively to diagnose and or treat lameness a0000 #

155. Of the Q140d lame lambs and sheep, how many were treated by the following methods?

a. Mild foot trimming, where excess horn only was removed a0000 #

b. Extensive foot trimming, where hoof horn was cut back until bleeding a0000 #

c. An antibiotic spray (oxytetracycline) directly onto the hoof a0000 #

d. A copper treatment directly onto the hoof (Coppertox) a0000 #

e. A wound spray/antiseptic spray (silver spray, Blue Kote, Alushield, etc.) a0000 # e. A footbath (copper sulphate, zinc sulphate, or formalin solution) a0000 #

f. An injectable antibiotic (tilmicosin, gamithromycin or oxytetracycline) a0000 #

g. An antibiotic in the feed or water a0000 #

h. Other (specify: ) a0000oth a0000 #

i. No treatment given a0000 ______ #

156. During 2023, what was the average number of days a sheep was lame on your operation before treatment? a0000 ____Days

157. During 2023, what was the average number of days a sheep was lame on your operation following treatment? a0000 ____Days

158. Which of the following best describes the use of footbaths for sheep during 2023? Select one. a0000

₁ Footbath used throughout the year ₃ No footbath used

₂ Footbath used seasonally/occasionally ₄ Other (specify: ________________) a0000oth

[If Question 158 = 3 (No footbath used), SKIP to Question 161.]

159. Which of the following footbath medications was most commonly used in footbaths for sheep?
Select one. a0000

₁ Copper sulfate ₄ Hydrogen peroxide

₂ Formalin/formaldehyde ₅ Other (list active ingredient: ____________) a0000oth

₃ Oxytetracycline

160. During 2023, approximately how many sheep went through a footbath before it was drained, cleaned, and replenished with medication? a0000 #

161. During 2023, which best describes how frequently the majority of sheep had their hooves trimmed? Select one. a0000

₁ Three or more times per year ₅ In visible need of a trim

₂ Twice per year ₆ Other (specify:________________________) a0000oth

₃ Once per year ₇ Hooves not trimmed during 2023

₄ Only when lame

[If Question 161= 7 (hooves not trimmed), SKIP to question 164.]

162. During 2023,who trimmed the majority of hooves? Select one. a0000

₁ Professional hoof trimmer (not this operation’s personnel)

₂ Veterinarian (not this operation’s personnel)

₃ Owner or this operation’s personnel

₄ Other (specify: ) a0000oth

163. In 2023, during a regular trimming session, what was the percentage of the flock that had hooves trimmed? _______%a0000

164. During 2023, did your operation use any of the management practices specifically to prevent or reduce lameness? Check all that apply.

₁ a. Reduce stocking densities a0000

₁ b. Rotational grazing a0000

₁ c. Isolation of new arrival a0000s

₁ d. Checking the feet of new arrivals prior to adding to the flock a0000

₁ e. Implementing footbaths to prevent disease and/or to reduce spread a0000

₁ f. Increase the frequency of hoof trimming a0000

₁ g. Cull lame sheep a0000

₁ h. Other (specify:_________________) a0000

₁ i. No management practices have been implemented a0000

Section J – Antimicrobial Use in Feed and Water

165. During the period from January 1, 2023, through December 31, 2023, did this operation use a coccidiostat in the feed (including milk, milk replacer or starter) or water?

a. Feed a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

b. Water a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

[If Question 165a = No, SKIP to Question 167.]

166. Which of the following coccidiostats were used in feed (including milk, milk replacer, or starter)? Check all that apply.

₁ a. Ionophores (Rumensin®, Bovatec®) a0000

₁ b. Decoquinate (Deccox®) a0000

₁ c. Amprolium (Corid®) a0000

₁ d. Sulfa drugs (Albon®, Sulmet®, or similar) a0000

₁ e. Other (specify:_________________________) a0000/ a0000oth

[If Question 166d= Not checked (no sulfa drugs used) SKIP to question 168.]

167. During 2023, for sulfa drugs used in feed as a coccidiostat, what was:

a. The number of lambs that received sulfa drugs? a0000 ___________#

b. The number of sheep that received sulfa drugs? a0000 ___________#

c. The average number of days lambs received sulfa drugs? a0000 ___________days

d. The average number of days sheep received sulfa drugs? a0000 ___________days

[If Question 165b= No, Skip to Question 169.]

168. Which of the following coccidiostats were used in drinking water? Check all that apply.

₁ a. Amprolium (Corid®) a0000

₁ b. Sulfa drugs (Albon®, Sulmet®, or similar) a0000

₁ c. Other (specify:_________________________) a0000/ a0000oth

[If Question 168b= Not checked (no sulfa drugs used) SKIP to question 170.]

169. During 2023, for sulfa drugs used in drinking water as a coccidiostat what was:

a. The number of lambs that received sulfa drugs? a0000 ___________#

b. The number of sheep that received sulfa drugs? a0000 ___________#

c. The average number of days lambs that received sulfa drugs? a0000 ___________days

d. The average number of days sheep that received sulfa drugs? a0000 ___________days

170. During 2023, did this operation use ionophores as growth promotants in feed?a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

171. From January 1, 2023, through December 31, 2023, were any sheep or lambs given any antibiotics (other than ionophores) in drinking water or feed (including milk, milk replacer, or starter) to prevent, control or treat a disease or disorder?

	Antibiotics given in the drinking water?	Antibiotics given in feed?
Lambs a0000/ a0000	1 Yes 3 No	1 Yes 3 No
Adults a0000/ a0000	1 Yes 3 No	1 Yes 3 No

[If Question 171a-b drinking water and feed =No (no antibiotics used), SKIP to Section K.]

[If Question 171a drinking water = No (no antibiotics to lambs in water), SKIP to Question 175.]

172. For lambs given antibiotics in drinking water, mark the reason(s) for administration.

a. Respiratory disease a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

b. Digestive disease (nonparasitic) a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

c. Other (specify:________________) a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

173. For lambs treated with antibiotics in drinking water, which antibiotic was primarily used to treat the listed diseases?

Disease	Select Antibiotic
Respiratory disease a0000 [Skip row if 172a = No]	1 Sulfonamides 2 Tetracyclines 3 Other (specify:____________)
Digestive disease (nonparasitic) a0000 [Skip row if 172b = No]	1 Sulfonamides 2 Tetracyclines 3 Other (specify:____________)
Other a0000 [Skip row if 172c=No]	1 Sulfonamides 2 Tetracyclines 3 Other (specify:____________)

174. For lambs given antibiotics in drinking water, during 2023, for each disease, what was the:

Disease	Average number of times lambs were treated?	Average number of lambs treated?	Average number of days per treatment?
Respiratory disease [Skip row if 172a = No]	______ a0000	______ a0000	______ a0000
Digestive disease (nonparasitic) [Skip row if 172b = No]	______ a0000	______ a0000	______ a0000
Other [Skip row if 172c=No]	______ a0000	______ a0000	______ a0000

[If Question 171a feed = No (no antibiotics to lambs in feed), SKIP to Question 178.]

175. For lambs given antibiotics in feed, mark the reason(s) for administration.

a. Respiratory disease a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

b. Digestive disease (nonparasitic) a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

c. Other (specify:________________) a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

176. For lambs treated with antibiotics in feed, which antibiotic was primarily used to treat the listed diseases?

Disease	Select Antibiotic
Respiratory disease a0000 [Skip row if 175a = No]	1 Aminoglycosides 2 Tetracyclines 3 Other (specify:____________)
Digestive disease (nonparasitic) a0000 [Skip row if 175b = No]	1 Aminoglycosides 2 Tetracyclines 3 Other (specify:____________)
Other a0000 [Skip row if 175c=No]	1 Aminoglycosides 2 Tetracyclines 3 Other (specify:____________)

177. For lambs given antibiotics in feed, during 2023, for each disease, what was the:

Disease	Average number of times lambs were treated?	Average number of lambs treated?	Average number of days per treatment?
Respiratory disease [Skip row if 175a = No]	______ a0000	______ a0000	______ a0000
Digestive disease (nonparasitic) [Skip row if 175b = No]	______ a0000	______ a0000	______ a0000
Other [Skip row if 175c=No]	______ a0000	______ a0000	______ a0000

[If Question 171b drinking water = No (no antibiotics to adults in water), SKIP to Question 179.]

178. For adults given antibiotics in drinking water, mark the reason(s) for administration.

a. Respiratory disease a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

b. Digestive disease (3onparasitic) a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

c. Abortion a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

d. Other (specify:________________) a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

179. For adults treated with antibiotics in drinking water, which antibiotic was primarily used to treat the listed diseases?

Disease	Select Antibiotic
Respiratory disease a0000 [Skip row if 178a = No]	1 Sulfonamides 2 Tetracyclines 3 Other (specify:____________)
Digestive disease (nonparasitic) a0000 [Skip row if 178b= No]	1 Sulfonamides 2 Tetracyclines 3 Other (specify:____________)
Abortion a0000[Skip row if 178c= No]	1 Sulfonamides 2 Tetracyclines 3 Other (specify:____________)
Other a0000 [Skip row if 178d=No]	1 Sulfonamides 2 Tetracyclines 3 Other (specify:____________)

180. For adults given antibiotics in drinking water, during 2023, for each disease, what was the:

Disease	Average number of times lambs were treated?	Average number of lambs treated?	Average number of days per treatment?
Respiratory disease [Skip row if 178a= No]	______ a0000	______ a0000	______ a0000
Digestive disease (nonparasitic) [Skip row if 178b = No]	______ a0000	______ a0000	______ a0000
Abortion [Skip row if 178c= No]	______ a0000	______ a0000	______ a0000
Other [Skip row if 178d=No]	______ a0000	______ a0000	______ a0000

[If Question 171b feed = No (no antibiotics to adults in feed), SKIP to Section K.]

181. For adults given antibiotics in feed, mark the reason(s) for administration.

a. Respiratory disease a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

b. Digestive disease (nonparasitic) a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

c. Abortion a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

d. Other (specify:________________) a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

182. For adults treated with antibiotics in feed, which antibiotic was primarily used to treat the listed diseases?

Disease	Select Antibiotic
Respiratory disease a0000 [Skip row if 181a = No]	1 Aminoglycosides 2 Tetracyclines 3 Other (specify:___________)
Digestive disease (nonparasitic) a0000 [Skip row if 181b = No]	1 Aminoglycosides 2 Tetracyclines 3 Other (specify:___________)
Abortion a0000 [Skip row if 181c = No]	1 Aminoglycosides 2 Tetracyclines 3 Other (specify:___________)
Other a0000 [Skip row if 181d=No]	1 Aminoglycosides 2 Tetracyclines 3 Other (specify:___________)

183. For adults given antibiotics in feed, during 2023, for each disease, what was the:

Disease	Average number of times lambs were treated?	Average number of lambs treated?	Average number of days per treatment?
Respiratory disease [Skip row if 181a = No]	______ a0000	______ a0000	______ a0000
Digestive disease (nonparasitic) [Skip row if 181b = No]	______ a0000	______ a0000	______ a0000
Abortion a0000 [Skip row if 181c = No]	______ a0000	______ a0000	______ a0000
Other [Skip row if 181d=No]	______ a0000	______ a0000	______ a0000

Section K – Health Conditions and Losses

This section covers losses and illness in your sheep during 2023. The section is broken down by age class and covers preweaned lambs, weaned lambs, ewes, and rams. You will be asked to report the number of sick animals, the number treated, the primary antibiotic used, and the number that died or were culled by condition. Please refer to the disease reference card to review the common illnesses that will be discussed.

When asked about antibiotics administered, do not include antibiotics administered in the feed (including milk, milk replacer, or starter) or drinking water. Please report topical antibiotics, antibiotics given by injection, oral bolus, or drench, eye ointments and intramammary antibiotics if used. Only answer for treatment uses. Do not include antibiotics given for the prevention of disease. Use the reference card attached to list the antibiotic codes.

PREWEANED LAMBS [If No preweaned lambs present during 2023, SKIP to Question 197.]

184. During 2023, how many different preweaned lambs became sick, or were affected by weather related, starvation causes, or unknown conditions? a0000 #

Unknown (such as lambs were on range or pasture with no contact) a0000 ₁

[If question 184 = 0 or Unknown, SKIP to Question 195.]

185. Of the Q184 preweaned lambs that became sick, how many different lambs received an antibiotic to treat a condition? a0000 #

186. Of the Q184 sick preweaned lambs, how many had digestive issues such as diarrhea/scours, overeating/enterotoxemia, coccidia, or other digestive issues? a0000 #

a. How many of these preweaned lambs received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these preweaned lambs died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many preweaned lambs were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

187. Of the Q184 sick preweaned lambs, how many had a navel infection? a0000 #

a. How many of these preweaned lambs received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these preweaned lambs died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many preweaned lambs were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

188. Of the Q184 sick preweaned lambs, how many had lambing problems or other perinatal conditions, such as floppy lamb syndrome, weak lamb, or similar? a0000 #

a. How many of these preweaned lambs received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these preweaned lambs died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many preweaned lambs were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

189. Of the Q184 sick preweaned lambs, how many had pink eye, or other eye issues? a0000 #

a. How many of these preweaned lambs received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these preweaned lambs died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many preweaned lambs were removed from primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

190. Of the Q184 sick preweaned lambs, how many had respiratory problems, such as pneumonia, shipping fever, or runny nose or cough? a0000 #

a. How many of these preweaned lambs received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

d. How many preweaned lambs were removed primarily due to the condition?a0000 #

c. How many of these preweaned lambs died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

191. Of the Q184 sick preweaned lambs, how many had lameness, including lameness caused by joint swelling, wounds, or trauma? a0000 #

a. How many of these preweaned lambs received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these preweaned lambs died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many preweaned lambs were removed from the operation primarily due to
the condition? a0000 #

192. Of the Q184 sick preweaned lambs, how many had were affected by weather-related or starvation conditions,including chilling, drowning, and lightning? a0000 #

a. How many of these preweaned lambs received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these preweaned lambs died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many preweaned lambs were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

193. Of the Q184 sick preweaned lambs, how many became ill from another known condition not listed? a0000 #

a. Please specify the other known condition(s) not listed? a0000

b. How many of these preweaned lambs received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

c. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

d. How many of these preweaned lambs died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

e. How many preweaned lambs were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

194. Of the Q184 sick preweaned lambs, how many became ill from an unknown condition or were found dead? a0000 #

a. How many of these preweaned lambs received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these preweaned lambs died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many preweaned lambs were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

195. From January 1, 2023, through December 31, 2023, how many preweaned lambs:

a. Were lost or stolen? a0000 #

b. Died or were euthanized from predators? a0000 #

c. Died or were euthanized from nonpredator causes? a0000 #

d. Overall, the total number of preweaned lambs lost/stolen, died, euthanized was? a0000 #

196. If you have any additional comments about preweaned lambs that became ill, or were died or were removed, please enter them here:

WEANED LAMBS [If No weaned lambs present, SKIP to Question 211.]

197. During 2023, how many different weaned lambs became sick, or were affected by weather related, starvation causes, or unknown conditions? a0000 # Unknown (such as lambs were on range or pasture with no contact) a0000 ₁

[If Question 197=0 or Unknown, SKIP to Question 209.]

198. Of the Q197 weaned lambs that became sick , how many different lambs received an antibiotic to treat a condition? a0000 #

199. Of the Q197 sick weaned lambs, how many had intestinal worms? a0000 #

a. How many of these weaned lambs died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

b. How many weaned lambs were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

200. Of the Q197 sick weaned lambs, how many had digestive issues not related to intestinal worms such as scours, overeating/enterotoxemia, coccidia, or other digestive issues? a0000 #

a. How many of these weaned lambs received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these weaned lambs died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many weaned lambs were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

201. Of the Q197 sick weaned lambs, how many had pinkeye, conjunctivitis, other eye issues?a0000 #

a. How many of these weaned lambs received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these weaned lambs died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many weaned lambs were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

202. Of the Q197 sick weaned lambs, how many had respiratory problems, such as pneumonia, shipping fever, or runny nose or cough? a0000 #

a. How many of these weaned lambs received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these weaned lambs died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many weaned lambs were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

203. Of the Q197 sick weaned lambs how many had lameness caused by foot rot/scald? a0000 #

a. How many of these weaned lambs received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these weaned lambs died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many weaned lambs were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

204. Of the Q197 sick weaned lambs, how many had lameness due to other causes, such as joint swelling, wounds, or trauma? a0000 #

a. How many of these weaned lambs received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these weaned lambs died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many weaned lambs were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

205. Of the Q197 sick weaned lambs, how many had central nervous system signs, such as staggering, swaying, falling down, circle, blindness? a0000 #

a. How many of these weaned lambs received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these weaned lambs died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many weaned lambs were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

206. Of the Q197 sick weaned lambs, how many were affected by weather-related causes or poisoning/toxicity causes, such as chilling, drowning, lightning, noxious weeds? a0000 #

a. How many of these weaned lambs received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these weaned lambs died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many weaned lambs were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

207. Of the Q197 sick weaned lambs, how many became ill from another known condition not listed? a0000 #

a. Please specify the other known condition(s) not listed? a0000

b. How many of these weaned lambs received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

c. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

d. How many of these weaned lambs died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

e. How many weaned lambs were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

208.Of the Q197 sick weaned lambs, how many became ill from an unknown condition or were found dead? a0000 #

a. How many of these weaned lambs received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these weaned lambs died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many weaned lambs were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

209. From January 1, 2023, through December 31, 2023, how many weaned lambs:

a. Were lost or stolen? a0000 #

b. Died or were euthanized from predators? a0000 #

c. Died or were euthanized from nonpredator causes? a0000 #

d. Overall, the total number of weaned lambs lost/stolen, died, euthanized was? a0000 #

210. If you have any additional comments about weaned lambs that died or were removed, please enter them here:

EWES [If No ewes present, SKIP to Question 230.]

211. How many different ewes became sick, or were affected by weather related, starvation causes, or unknown conditions? a0000 #

Unknown (such as ewes were on range or pasture with no contact) a0000 ₁

[If Question 211 = 0 or unknown, SKIP to Question 228.]

212. Of the Q211 ewes that became sick , how many different ewes received an antibiotic to treat a condition? a0000 #

213. Of the Q211 sick ewes, how many had intestinal worms? a0000 #

a. How many of these ewes died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

b. How many ewes were removed from the operation primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

214. Of the Q211 sick ewes, how many had digestive issues not related to intestinal worms such as scours, overeating/enterotoxemia, coccidia, or other digestive issues? a0000 #

a. How many of these ewes received antibiotics to 06the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these ewes died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many ewes were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

215. Of the Q211 sick ewes, how many had pinkeye, conjunctivitis, or other eye issues? a0000 #

a. How many of these ewes received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these ewes died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many ewes were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

216. Of the Q211 sick ewes, how many had respiratory problems, such as pneumonia, shipping fever, cough or runny nose? a0000 #

a. How many of these ewes received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these ewes died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many ewes were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

217. Of the Q211 sick ewes, how many had abortions? a0000 #

a. How many of these ewes received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these ewes died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many ewes were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

218. Of the Q211 sick ewes how many had other reproductive problems, such as retained placenta/uterine infection, dystocia? a0000 #

a. How many of these ewes received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these ewes died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many ewes were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

219. Of the Q211 sick ewes how many had mastitis? a0000 #

a. How many of these ewes received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these ewes died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many ewes were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

220. Of the Q211 sick ewes, how many had metabolic problems, such as milk fever or pregnancy toxemia? a0000 #

a. How many of these ewes received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these ewes died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many ewes were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

221. Of the Q211 sick ewes, how many had lameness caused by foot rot/scald? a0000 #

a. How many of these ewes received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these ewes died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many ewes were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

222. Of the Q211 sick ewes, how many had lameness due to other causes, such as joint swelling, wounds, or trauma? a0000#

a. How many of these ewes received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these ewes died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many ewes were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

223. Of the Q211 sick ewes, how many had central nervous system signs, such as staggering,
swaying, falling down, circle, blindness? a0000 #

a. How many of these ewes received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these ewes died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many ewes were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

224. Of the Q211 sick ewes how many were affected by weather-related causes or poisoning/toxicity causes, such as chilling, drowning, lightning, noxious weeds? a0000 #

a. How many of these ewes died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

b. How many ewes were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

225. Of the Q211 sick ewes, how many had chronic weight loss? a0000 #

a. How many of these ewes received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these ewes died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many ewes were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

226. Of the Q211 sick ewes how many became ill from another known condition not listed? a0000 #

a. Please specify the other known condition(s) not listed? a0000

b. How many of these ewes received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

c. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

d. How many of these ewes died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

e. How many ewes were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

227. Of the Q211 sick ewes, how many became ill from an unknown condition or were found dead? a0000#

a. How many of these ewes received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these ewes died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many ewes were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

228. From January 1, 2023, through December 31, 2023, how many ewes:

a. Were lost or stolen? a0000 #

b. Died or were euthanized from predators? a0000 #

c. Died or were euthanized from nonpredator causes? a0000 #

d. Overall, the total number of ewes lost/stolen, died, euthanized was? a0000 #

229. If you have any additional comments about ewes that died or were removed, please enter them here:

RAMS [If No rams present, SKIP to Question 246.]

230. How many different rams became sick, or were affected by weather related, starvation causes, or unknown conditions? a0000 #

Unknown (such as rams were on range or pasture with no contact) a0000 ₁

[If Question 230=0 or unknown SKIP to Question 244.]

231. Of the Q230 rams that became sick , how many different rams received an antibiotic to treat a condition? a0000 #

232. Of the Q230 sick rams, how many had intestinal worms? a0000 #

a. How many of these rams died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

b. How many rams were removed from the operation primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

233. Of the Q230 sick rams, how many had digestive issues not related to intestinal worms such as scours, overeating/enterotoxemia, coccidia, or other digestive issues? a0000 #

a. How many of these rams received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these rams died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many rams were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

234. Of the Q230 sick rams, how many had pinkeye, conjunctivitis, or other eye issues? a0000 #

a. How many of these rams received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these rams died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many rams were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

235. Of the Q230 sick rams, how many had respiratory problems, such as pneumonia, shipping fever,
or runny nose? a0000 #

a. How many of these rams received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these rams died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many rams were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

236. Of the Q230 sick rams, how many had reproductive problems, such as penile or testicular disorders, urinary calculi? a0000 #

a. How many of these rams received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these rams died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many rams were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

237. Of the Q230 sick rams, how many had lameness caused by foot rot/scald? a0000 #

a. How many of these rams received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these rams died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many rams were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

238. Of the Q230 sick rams, how many had lameness due to other causes, such as joint swelling, wounds, or trauma? a0000 #

a. How many of these rams received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these rams died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many rams were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

239. Of the Q230 sick rams, how many had central nervous system signs, such as staggering,
swaying, falling down, circle, blindness? a0000 #

a. How many of these rams received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these rams died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many rams were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

240. Of the Q230 sick rams, how many were affected by weather-related causes or poisoning/toxicity causes, such as chilling, drowning, lightning, noxious weeds? a0000 #

a. How many of these rams died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

b. How many rams were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

241. Of the Q230 sick rams, how many had chronic weight loss? a0000 #

a. How many of these rams received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these rams died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many rams were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

242. Of the Q230 sick rams, how many became ill from another known condition not listed? a0000 #

a. Please specify the other known condition(s) not listed? a0000

b. How many of these rams received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

c. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

d. How many of these rams died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

e. How many rams were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

243. Of the Q230 sick rams, how many became ill from an unknown condition or were found dead? a0000 #

a. How many of these rams received antibiotics to treat the condition? a0000 #

b. What was the primary antibiotic used? a0000

c. How many of these rams died or were euthanized due the condition? a0000 #

d. How many rams were removed primarily due to the condition? a0000 #

244. From January 1, 2023, through December 31, 2023, how many rams:

a. Were lost or stolen? a0000 #

b. Died or were euthanized from predators? a0000 #

c. Died or were euthanized from nonpredator causes? a0000 #

d. Overall, the total number of rams lost/stolen, died, euthanized was? a0000 #

245. If you have any additional comments about rams that died or were removed, please enter them here:

246. Did your operation necropsy any lambs and sheep that died from nonpredator reasons to determine the cause of death? a0000 ₁ Yes ₃ No

247. During 2023, for any deaths or euthanasia, what was your primary disposal method for sheep carcasses? [Select one] a0000

₁ Burial on premises

₂ Leaving for scavengers

₃ Landfill or municipal dump

₄ Composting

₅ Rendering

₆ Other (specify: ) a0000oth

Office Use Only

State FIPS: _________	Operation #: ___________	Interviewer: ________	Date: __________
2 digits	5 digits	Initials	mm/dd/yyyy

1. Total time for interview: [Include time to discuss the program and complete the questionnaire.]
a0000 minutes

2. Total travel time: [Round trip.] a0000 minutes

3. Data collectors: [Enter the number for each category.]:

a. Federal VMO a0000 #

b. Federal AHT a0000 #

c. State personnel a0000 #

d. Other? (specify: ) a0000oth a0000 #

4. Enter response code 99 if questionnaire is completed or enter one code of 0 through 7 that best describes the reason why the owner is not participating: a0000 code

99 - Survey completed

00 - Producer not contacted by VMO

01 - Poor time of year to contact or no time

02 - Does not want anyone on operation

03 - Bad experience with government veterinarians

04 - Does not want to do another survey or divulge information

05 - Told NASS they did not want to be contacted

06 - Ineligible (no sheep)

07 - Other reason (explain below)

5. Producer data quality a0000 ₁ Good to excellent ₂ Okay ₃ Poor

6. Field data quality a0000 ₁ Good to excellent ₂ Okay ₃ Poor

7. This operation plans to complete the following biologics testing:

a. GI parasite testing ₁ Yes ₃ No

b. Lameness pathogen testing and serum/blood bank ₁ Yes ₃ No

c. Enteric microbe testing ₁ Yes ₃ No

8. Who interviewed the producer and completed the questionnaire?

9. Which of the following best describes the respondent’s position with this operation?

₁ Owner

₂ Manager

₃ Family member (other than owner or manager)

₄ Other hired employee

₅ Other, specify:

7. Did the respondent use written or computerized records to assist in answering this survey?

₁ Yes ₃ No ₄ Unknown

How was the interview completed? [Check all that apply]

₁ Participant self-administered online

₂ Via phone

₃ In-person

Comments regarding this questionnaire or operation:

VS Form XX-XXXX

Date 52