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pdfSection 1
United States Department
of Agriculture
National Animal Health
Monitoring System
(NAHMS)
Animal and Plant Health
Inspection Service
Veterinary Services
March 2023
Sheep 2024 Study
Field Manual
Sectio1n 1
Contents of VS Manual
VS MANUAL SECTIONS
1.
VS Training Topics
2.
Study Background and Contacts
3.
VS Visit
4.
VS Questionnaire Manual
5.
Biologics Manual
6.
Reference Cards
Sectio1n 1
Section 1
VS Training Topics
CONTENTS
Sheep 2024 VS Training Topics ......................................................................... 1-2
Study and Industry Overview ..................................................................... 1-2
Questionnaire and Biologics Training ........................................................ 1-3
Notes Page ........................................................................................................... 1-4
1-1
Section 1
SHEEP 2024 VS TRAINING TOPICS
Study and Industry Overview
▪
Study Overview
▪
Objectives
▪
Study Timelines
▪
Coordinator Tips and Tricks
▪
Tableau Dashboard Use and Management
▪
Qualtrics Overview
▪
Sheep Industry Overview
1-2
Section 1
VS Questionnaire and Biologics Training
▪
VS Questionnaire Training
▪
Biologic Overview
▪
Biologic Collection:
•
Timeline and Benefits
•
Collection Instructions and Videos
•
Kit Materials and Laboratory Submission
1-3
Section 1
Notes Page
1-4
Section 1
Notes Page
1-5
Section 1
Study Background and Contacts
CONTENTS
Sheep 2024 Launch Sheet .................................................................................. 2-2
Sheep 2024 Timeline and Biological Benefits .................................................. 2-4
Sheep 2024 Producer Information Flyer............................................................ 2-6
Sheep 2024 Study Schedule and Webinars ...................................................... 2-7
Study Schedule ......................................................................................... 2-7
NAHMS Sheep 2024 Webinars ................................................................. 2-7
Status Update Schedule ............................................................................ 2-7
Sheep 2024 Workload Projections .......................................................................2-8
Sheep 2024 Coordinator List..............................................................................2-10
Coordinator Shipping Addresses ...............................................................2-12
NAHMS Contacts and Sites ................................................................................2-14
NAHMS Sheep 2024 Website ...................................................................2-14
NAHMS Sheep 2024 Qualtrics Links .........................................................2-14
NAHMS Email Address .............................................................................2-16
NAHMS Mailing Address ...........................................................................2-16
NAHMS Sheep 2024 Qualtrics Workbook .................................................2-16
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SHEEP 2024 STUDY SCHEDULE AND WEBINARS
STUDY SCHEDULE
Study Process
NASS Data Collection
Coordinator/Field Training
NASS consent form and participant turnover
*NAHMS Coordinators will sign an ADM-043 and a
Representative Agreement with NASS during a face to
face meeting
VMO visits
Biologics Collection
Date
January 2024 – February 2024
TBD—March 2024
TBD- Early March 2024
April – July 2024
April – July 2024
NAHMS SHEEP 2024 WEBINARS
Topic
Welcome and study overview
NASS – turnover, consent forms, NASS training schools
Questionnaire Review
Qualtrics Overview
Biologics Review
All webinars can be found on the NAHMS Sheep 2024 website:
https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/monitoring-andsurveillance/nahms/sheep_questionnaires
ADD IN LINK TO CLOUD IF WE PLAN TO KEEP DOCUMENTS THERE TOO
STATUS UPDATE SCHEDULE
We will be setting up Tableau Dashboards for each State that you will have access to. This
should help with tracking.
•
•
•
1st status report due the end of April
2nd status report due the end of May
3rd status report due the end of June
2-7
Section 1
Sheep 2024 EXPECTED WORKLOAD PROJECTIONS
2023
State
AZ
CA
CO
FL
GA
ID
IA
IN
KS
KY
MI
MN
MO
MT
NE
NM
NC
ND
NY
OH
OR
PA
SD
TN
TXE2
TXW2
UT
VA
WA
WI
WY
Total
NASS Operations
127
616
264
123
147
147
168
131
131
133
124
149
154
147
147
147
136
147
136
134
256
144
147
148
163
407
127
127
240
169
147
4,770
NASS
Complete
67
324
139
65
78
78
89
69
69
70
66
79
81
78
78
78
72
78
72
71
135
76
78
78
86
214
67
67
126
89
78
2,516
Turnover
44
209
90
42
51
51
58
45
45
45
43
51
53
51
51
51
47
51
47
46
87
49
51
51
56
138
44
44
81
58
51
1,632
VMO
Complete
25
118
51
24
29
29
33
26
26
26
25
29
30
29
29
29
27
29
27
26
49
28
29
29
32
78
25
25
46
33
29
928
Biologics
Complete
16
74
32
15
18
18
21
17
17
17
16
18
19
18
18
18
17
18
17
17
31
18
18
18
20
49
16
13
29
21
18
587
2-8
Section 1
2
Eastern TX counties include: Anderson, Angelina, Aransas, Atascosa, Austin, Bastrop, Bee, Bowie,
Brazoria, Brazos, Brooks, Burleson, Caldwell, Calhoun, Cameron, Camp, Cass, Chambers, Cherokee,
Collin, Colorado, Dallas, Delta, De Witt, Duval, Ellis, Fannin, Fayette, Fort Bend, Franklin, Freestone,
Galveston, Goliad, Gonzales, Grayson, Gregg, Grimes, Guadalupe, Harris, Harrison, Henderson, Hidalgo,
Hopkins, Houston, Hunt, Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, Jim Hogg, Jim Wells, Karnes, Kaufman, Kenedy,
Kleberg, Lamar, Lavaca, Lee, Leon, Liberty, Limestone, Live Oak, Madison, Marion, Matagorda,
McMullen, Milam, Montgomery, Morris, Nacogdoches, Navarro, Newton, Nueces, Orange, Panola, Polk,
Rains, Red River, Refugio, Robertson, Rockwall, Rusk, Sabine, San Augustine, San Jacinto, San Patricio,
Shelby, Smith, Starr, Titus, Trinity, Tyler, Upshur, Van Zandt, Victoria, Walker, Waller, Washington,
Wharton, Willacy, Wilson, Wood, Zapata
2-9
Section 1
SHEEP 2024 COORDINATOR LIST
State
Phone Number(s)
Name
Email
AZ
CA
CO
FL
GA
ID
IA
IN
KS
KY
MI
MN
MO
MT
NE
NM
NC
ND
NY
OH
OR
PA
SD
TN
TX
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Section 1
UT
VA
WA
WI
WY
30 Total
States
2-11
Section 1
SHEEP 2024 COORDINATOR SHIPPING ADDRESSES
Please confirm this is where you want study materials sent.
State
Name
Shipping Address
AZ
CA
CO
FL
GA
ID
IA
IN
KS
KY
MI
MN
MO
MT
NE
NM
NC
ND
2-12
Section 1
SHEEP 2024 COORDINATOR SHIPPING ADDRESSES
Please confirm this is where you want study materials sent.
NY
OH
OR
PA
SD
TN
TX
UT
VA
WA
WI
WY
2-13
Section 1
NAHMS CONTACTS AND SITES
CONTACTS
Name
Title
Dr. Alyson Wiedenheft
CEAH
Director
Study Lead
Vet/Epi
NAHMS
Associate
Director
Biologics
Coordinator
Ms. Abby Zehr
Field Liaison
Dr. Amy Delgado
Dr. Natalie Urie
Dr. Katherine Marshall
Phone
Number
E-Mail
(970) 494-7302
[email protected]
(970) 494-7151
[email protected]
(970) 494-7259
[email protected]
(970) 494-7290
[email protected]
(970) 494-7252
[email protected]
NAHMS Sheep 2024 Website
Study materials, including outreach material, training videos, Tableau tracking dashboards and
pdf questionnaires, can be found at the following web address:
https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/monitoring-andsurveillance/nahms/sheep_questionnaires
NAHMS Sheep 2024 Qualtrics Links
Surveys and collection records will be completed online through Qualtrics and can be found at
the following links:
Survey
Link
Internal Parasite
Composite
Collection Record
https://usdaanimalhealth.gov1.qualtrics.com/
jfe/form/SV_cAWVomyZPUkq9qC
QR Code
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Section 1
Enteric Microbe
Collection Record
https://usdaanimalhealth.gov1.qualtrics.com/
jfe/form/SV_5swPfurvMQOTBpY
Serum and Swab
Collection Record
https://usdaanimalhealth.gov1.qualtrics.com/
jfe/form/SV_0xQ0CwOvQll5y74
VS Questionnaire
https://usdaanimalhealth.gov1.qualtrics.com/
jfe/form/SV_2mjfJiOmaGpUNGS
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Section 1
Office Use Only
Survey
https://usdaanimalhealth.gov1.qualtrics.com/
jfe/form/SV_ezjIvGmZkalmqkC
NAHMS EMAIL
[email protected]
Please send emails for kit requests and questions to Abby Zehr. You may also scan and email
documents to Abby.
Note: Initial kit orders will be placed by NAHMS according to State turnover numbers, but
additional kits can be requested by emailing Abby.
NAHMS MAILING ADDRESS
USDA: APHIS: VS: NAHMS
2150 Centre Avenue Bldg. B., Mail Stop 2E7
Fort Collins, CO 80526
Please send questionnaires, by UPS, to the attention of Abby Zehr. Please ensure your
shipments have a tracking number.
NAHMS SHEEP 2024 TABLEAU WORKBOOK
A Tableau workbook will be updated throughout the study to track the progress of the study.
This workbook will include a Directory for field staff, State level data, farm assignments,
questionnaire status, biologics status, and biologics kit orders. A link to the Tableau workbook
can be found at the NAHMS Sheep 2024 Website (see previous page).
2-16
Section 1
VS Visit
CONTENTS
Before the Visit ................................................................................................... 3-2
2024 NAHMS General Sheep Management Questionnaire Information ......... 3-2
Study Materials ................................................................................................... 3-2
Preparation for the Interview ............................................................................. 3-3
Phone Script for Contacting the Producer ....................................................... 3-5
Materials to Bring for the VS Visit ..................................................................... 3-6
Producer Agreement Instructions ..................................................................... 3-7
VS Questionnaire Information ........................................................................... 3-12
3-1
Section 1
BEFORE THE VISIT
This section covers several topics regarding the VS field visit. It is important to thoroughly
review this material before you make the initial call to the Producers. You should read
through the Sheep 2024 Launch Sheet and the Sheep 2024 Timeline and Biological
Benefits Sheet (Section 2) to familiarize yourself with the different aspects of the Sheep
2024 Study. Also, please look though the VS Initial Questionnaire (Section 4) before you
call the Producers so that you can give them an idea of the types of questions we will be
asking.
a. Coordinators will meet with NASS Reginald Field Officers by March 2024 to sign
an ADM-043 form and a NASS Representative Agreement. During the in-person
visit, the coordinators will receive the consent forms for operations that agreed to
be contacted to learn more about the VS phase.
b. VS Veterinary Medical Officers (VMOs) and Animal Health Technicians (AHTs)
should meet with NAHMS coordinators to sign the ADM-043 form and receive contact
information for the assigned operations.
2024 NAHMS GENERAL SHEEP MANAGEMENT
QUESTIONNAIRE INFORMATION
The data from the General Sheep Management Questionnaire (GSMQ) completed by the
NASS Enumerators is collected January-February 2024. The paper consent forms for the
Producers who agreed to have their names turned over (turnover data) to VS (and who you
will be contacting) is scheduled be given to the Sheep 2024 NAHMS Coordinators by March
31, 2024.
To meet confidentiality requirements, NASS must obtain the Producer's written permission to
release the Producer's name, address, telephone number, email address, and contact notes
to APHIS personnel. Signing the consent form does not obligate the Producer to participate
in the rest of the study. Respondents do not need to make a decision about participating in
the VS phase (Phase II) of the study until the time of the visit by the VS data collector. The
VS data collector can explain the purpose and scope of the VS Phase during the visit. Some
Producers may need encouragement from you to participate in the VS phase. One way you
can encourage participation is by discussing the benefits of the study to both the individual
and the sheep industry, found in the Sheep 2024 Study Launch Sheet and the Sheep 2024
Timeline and Biological Benefits Sheet (Section 2). It is important to promote this study when
you speak to the Producers.
STUDY MATERIALS
You will receive the following materials from your NAHMS coordinator:
•
Producer Education Packet
The material in this packet will provide the Producer with general information about this
study along with other useful information related to the sheep industry. We encourage
you to go through the packet with the Producer during your visit.
3-2
Section 1
•
Producer Agreement
The Producer Agreement is the contract between APHIS and the Producer. Both pages
of the Producer Agreement must be filled out completely and signed before any farm
information is obtained.
• VS Questionnaires
The VS Initial Questionnaire (Section 4) will be administered during the visit by VS or
State representatives between April and July 2024. NAHMS will ensure that VS data
collectors have an iPad which will be used to administer the questionnaire in Qualtrics,
an electronic software. In the case of an emergency (e.g., if the iPad dies while you’re in
the field or has other issues), then you may use a paper form as a back-up option.
Paper copies of the needed materials will be sent to NAHMS State Coordinators and will
also be available on the NAHMS website.
• VS Reference Cards
Reference cards contain pertinent information such as lists of vaccines, anthelmintic, and
antibiotics, along with trade/brand names that can be used to help the Producer answer
some of the questions. These reference cards are attached to the VS Initial
Questionnaire, can be found in specific biologic kits, and are located in Section 6 of this
manual.
• Biologic Sampling Kits and Collection Forms
Kits to collect and record biologic samples will be shipped to the Area Office, NAHMS
Coordinators, or directly to field staff. NAHMS is going to pre-order kits for Coordinators
based on the NASS turnover data. Using the turnover data should help prevent excessive
kit orders. Additional kits can be ordered through NAHMS by Coordinators or field staff as
needed. The kits include sample collection forms, shipping information, and necessary
supplies to complete the collection. See Section 5 for more information regarding the
biological collection.
PREPARATION FOR THE INTERVIEW
Review Questionnaire
Familiarize yourself with the VS Questionnaire in the VS Questionnaire Manual section
(Section 4) and the biological sampling collection procedures available in the Biologics
Manual section (Section 5).
Watch the Training Videos
Training videos can be found on the NAHMS Sheep 2024 website:
https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/monitoring-andsurveillance/nahms/sheep_questionnaires
•
•
VS training manual video (recorded from VS training sessions)
Enteric microbe fecal sampling, GI parasite composite fecal sampling, and
blood and swab sampling videos
Contact the Producer
Call the Producer and identify yourself. Using the phone script (Section 3 Page 6), explain
you are contacting them to provide information about participation in Phase II of the NAHMS
Sheep 2024 Study and that their name and phone number was provided to you by NASS
3-3
Section 1
because they requested to be contacted regarding participation in the next phase of the
study. Please fill out the “Contact Attempt History” matrix found in the “Office Use Only”
Qualtrics link.
It is important to administer the questionnaire to the person that is most knowledgeable about
the operation. This person needs to have the authority to participate in the study and will
need to sign the Producer Agreement.
Make an appointment to complete the interview. If directions provided by NASS are not clear,
get directions to the site, and then explain what will be covered and how long it will take
(about 1.25 hours to review the program and complete the VS Questionnaires with additional
time needed to collect the biologics). Tell the Producer that it will help to have production
records available during the interview in order to answer some of the questions. You
may email the cheat sheet, link of the questionnaire, or the paper copy of the
questionnaire to the Producer prior to the visit so that they will be able to answer the
questionnaire more accurately during your in-person interview.
If the Producer agrees to complete the interview, ask the Producer what biologics they are
interested in. This way you will have the appropriate biological kits ready for your visit.
It may be useful to provide the Producer your name and telephone number
when you speak for the first time. This will allow the Producer to contact you with
any questions or concerns prior to the interview or after the interview.
3-4
Section 1
PHONE SCRIPT FOR CONTACTING THE PRODUCER
Phone Script: Hello, I am (give your name and position). I am calling about your participation in Phase II
of the National Animal Health Monitoring System Sheep 2024 study. Do you have a few minutes to talk to me
now, or is there a better time for me to call you back?
(If they say now is OK time to talk, continue.)
I am hoping to provide you with further information about the NAHMS Sheep 2024 study. If you are willing to
participate, I would like to schedule a time to meet with you to complete Phase II of the study, which includes
free biological testing for gastrointestinal parasites, lameness pathogens and enteric microbes.
Just as a reminder, you would have gotten a few informational items about Phase II of the study when you met
with (name of the NASS representative, if available), the National Agricultural Statistics Services
representative on (mention the date consent form from NASS was signed). Do you have any questions I
could answer on the phone today about the Phase II of the NAHMS sheep study?
(Once you have answered their questions about Phase II then provide them with information that
would be helpful to know for answering the VS questionnaire.)
Having records on hand can help reduce the time spent answering questions. The types of records you might want to
have available would include:
•
•
•
•
•
Inventory (births, abortions, ages)
Vaccinations
Disease presence and testing (including deworming)
Death losses
Antibiotic use
Are you interested in completing the following biological testing?
•
•
•
•
Gastrointestinal parasite testing
o NOTE: Operation must not have dewormed in the past 60 days to be eligible
Blood collection for serum bank
Fecal pathogen testing to look for E. coli, Salmonella, Campylobacter , and Enterococcus
Interdigital swabs to test for lameness pathogens
When would you be available to meet with me – either in person or over the phone?
Can you give me directions to where I can meet you to complete the consent form, the questionnaire, and
provide any testing you are interested in? Would you like an emailed copy of the questionnaire prior to our
meeting to familiarize yourself with its contents?
Thank you for your willingness to participate in the study.
3-5
Section 1
MATERIAL TO BRING TO THE VS VISIT
•
Sheep 2024 VS Training Manual
•
Sheep 2024 Producer Education Packet
•
Charged iPad and stylus, and phone for hotspot if WiFi is not available
•
Paper copies of all questionnaires and collection records in case WiFi
or data signal is not strong
•
Biological Sampling Kits (1 Enteric Pathogen kit, 1 Composite GI Parasite Kit,
and 1 Blood/Swab Kit)
•
Gloves, lubricant, saran wrap, and tinfoil
•
Vacutainter Needles (if you prefer different gauges or lengths than what is provided)
•
Pen
•
Business cards
3-6
Section 1
PRODUCER INFORMED CONSENT INSTRUCTIONS
The Sheep 2024 Producer Informed Consent is the contract between APHIS and the
Producer.
Confidentiality
The Producer Informed Consent specifically state that data collected by NAHMS will be kept
confidential and will not be used for regulatory purposes. The exception to data
confidentiality is the suspicion or diagnosis of a dangerously contagious, infectious, or
exotic disease foreign to the United States on the Producer’s premises, such as foot-andmouth disease.
Signatures
At the bottom of the first page of the Sheep 2024 Producer Agreement, the Federal or State
data collection (YOU) signs on the appropriate line. The Producer or authorized
representative signs and dates on the line indicated.
Contact Information
The producer will enter their contact information so you can return biologics results when they are received.
Biological Sampling Agreement
The Producer must agree to participate in each type of biological sampling offered.
Participation in any of the biological sampling is voluntary. For example, if the Producer
agrees to complete all biological sampling then they must click “I AGREE TO PARTICIPATE”
for each biologic sampling and sign on the Producer Agreement.
3-7
Section 1
VS QUESTIONNAIRE INFORMATION
The VS Questionnaire is completed during the VS in-person interview. The questionnaire
includes questions about herd management and sales practices, vaccination and testing
practices, disease control, illness, deaths, nutrition management, and opinions on the
significance of health problems. The VS Questionnaire should be administered to all
participating operations with 1 or more sheep on the operation.
During the administration of the VS Questionnaire, read all questions to the Producer and
follow instructions carefully. DO NOT LEAVE ANY QUESTIONS BLANK unless instructed to
skip. Questions left blank hinder data validation and analysis because it is not known if
the question was missed accidentally or if the Producer did not have an answer. We may
request you re-contact the Producer for missing data or clarification. Providing a copy of the
questionnaire to the Producer to follow along may be helpful.
If the response is zero (0), enter the number 0; do not leave the response blank. If
the Producer does not know, work with him or her to try to estimate the answer. If the
Producer does not have an answer, use DK or NA (described below) to indicate why
the question was not answered. Please write in the margins to explain unusual
circumstances or answers.
If the Producer doesn't know, circle "DK" in the response line or write in "DK" and explain in the
margin the problem the Producer had with the question. If a question is not applicable to the
Producer, circle "NA" in the response line or write in "NA" and again explain in the margin.
If the answer is unusual or quality of the data is questionable, record the answer and write notes
next to the question explaining the abnormal data. Do not hesitate to write comments directly on
the questionnaire. We would rather have a lengthy explanation for a strange answer than no
explanation at all. If an answer does not make sense and has no explanation, we may have
your coordinator ask you to explain the answer.
At times during the interview, a Producer may feel uncomfortable providing the requested data
without consulting records. Producers should be given additional time to look up the information
or report it by telephone to you later as long as the timeliness of data submission is not
adversely affected. Also, some Producers may be reluctant to provide estimates where records
are not available. In this case, the Producer should be encouraged to respond, and the
circumstances for the response should be noted in the margin next to the pertinent question.
We will take these notes into account when assessing overall data quality for the
operation/questionnaire.
NAHMS is a voluntary program. If the Producer doesn't want to answer a question,
respect this request, make a note on the questionnaire, and move on to the next
question.
3-8
Section 1
Return the completed questionnaire to your NAHMS Coordinator within 3 working days of the
visit.
Nonrespondent Documentation
We must account for all operations turned over by NASS. If a Producer declines to participate or
could not be reached, complete the “Office Use Only” section of the questionnaire. Include the
State, operation number, interviewer’s initials, date, time spent talking with the Producer, travel
time (if any), data collector information, contact attempt history, and the Producer’s reason for
declining in the “Office Use Only” section. Send this page to the coordinator within 3 days.
You may copy the final page of the questionnaire to complete for non-respondents.
3-9
Section 1
5-1
Section 1
SHEEP 2024 VS VISIT QUESTIONNAIRE GUIDE
Read all questions to the Producer and follow instructions carefully. Do not leave any
questions blank unless instructed to skip. Questions left blank hinder data validation and
analysis because it is not known if the question was missed accidentally or if the Producer did
not have an answer. We may request you re-contact the Producer for missing data or
clarification.
Do not hesitate to write comments directly on the questionnaire. We would rather have a
lengthy explanation for a strange answer than no explanation at all. If an answer does not
make sense and has no explanation, we might have to ask your Coordinator to ask you to
explain the answer, delaying data entry.
Note: If the response is zero (0), enter the number 0; do not leave the response blank.
If the Producer does not know, work with him or her to try to estimate the answer. If the
Producer does not have an answer, use DK for Don’t Know or NA for Not Applicable to
indicate why the question was not answered. Please write in the margins to explain
unusual circumstances or answers.
At times during the interview, a Producer may feel uncomfortable providing the requested
data without consulting records. Producers should be given additional time to look up the
information or report it by telephone to you later as long as the timeliness of data submission
is not adversely affected. Also, some Producers may be reluctant to provide estimates where
records are not available. In this case, the Producer should be encouraged to respond, and
the circumstances for the response should be noted in the margin next to the pertinent
question. We will take these notes into account when assessing overall data quality for the
site.
5-2
Section 1
INITIAL INFORMATION
NAHMS ID
Enter the 6-digit ID number assigned by NASS.
Note: The 6-digit combination of the State FIPS Code and Operation numbers
is referred to as the Farm ID or NAHMS ID. For example, 21 1167 would be a
Farm (NAHMS) ID for the State of KY.
NASS will provide an EPAID ID (see example below) on the consent form. The
EPAID ID will contain 3 extra zeroes between the State FIPS and the operation
number. For example, 21 000 1167 is an EPAID ID. Please ignore the 3 middle
zeroes when you record the Farm (NAHMS) ID.
EPAID Example:
Interviewer’s Initials
Enter up to three initials.
Date
Enter the interview date in MM/DD/YY format.
Time
Enter the time you arrived at the operation in HH:MM format using military time.
5-3
Section 1
Question Types
5-4
Section 1
SECTION A: INVENTORY
The following definitions may be useful when completing this section of the
questionnaire:
Lamb: A sheep less than 1 year old.
Preweaned: A lamb that is still nursing or being fed milk replacer.
Ewe: A female sheep.
Ram: A male sheep.
Wether: A castrated ram.
5-5
Section 1
SECTION B: BREEDING MANAGEMENT
The following definitions may be useful when completing this section of the
questionnaire:
5-6
Section 1
SECTION C: LAMBING MANAGEMENT
The following definitions may be useful when completing this section of the
questionnaire:
5-7
Section 1
SECTION D: LAMB CROP MANAGEMENT
The following definitions may be useful when completing this section of the
questionnaire:
Pasteurization: A process, named after scientist Louis Pasteur, that applies heat to
destroy pathogens in foods. For the dairy industry, the terms "pasteurization,"
"pasteurized" and similar terms mean the process of heating every particle of milk or
milk product, in properly designed and operated equipment, to a specific temperature
and held continuously at or above that temperature for at least the corresponding
specified time. The most common method of pasteurization in the United States today
is High Temperature Short Time (HTST) pasteurization, which uses metal plates and
hot water to raise milk temperatures to at least 161° F for not less than 15 seconds,
followed by rapid cooling.
5-8
Section 1
SECTION E: CULLING MANAGEMENT
The following definitions may be useful when completing this section of the
questionnaire:
5-9
Section 1
SECTION F: BIOSECURITY
The following definitions may be useful when completing this section of the
questionnaire:
5-10
Section 1
SECTION G: SHEEP HEALTH MANAGEMENT
The following definitions may be useful when completing this section of the
questionnaire:
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE): The CAE virus causes arthritis in adult goats
and encephalitis in kids between 2 and 6 months old. Infection can also lead to hard
udder or mastitis, reduced milk production, chronic pneumonia, and progressive
weight loss. Some goats can be infected without showing any clinical signs, thus
serving as a hidden source of infection for other goats in the herd. The virus can be
transmitted through ingestion of infected goat milk or colostrum; contact with
contaminated blood, saliva, respiratory secretions, or vaginal secretions; contact with
contaminated equipment, such as milking equipment, needles, or tattooing
equipment; and breeding of noninfected animals with infected animals. Economic
losses associated with CAE include loss of milk production (may be up to 30%), early
culling, and shorter lifespan and reduced growth of offspring.
Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL): CL is characterized by abscesses in the skin, lymph
nodes, and internal organs, CL is caused by a bacterium, Corynebacterium
pseudotuberculosis. Abscesses can break open to the skin surface, leading to spread
of the bacteria through wounds or abraded skin and via ingestion of contaminated
feed or grass. In many animals, the organism disseminates to the lungs and nearby
lymph nodes, causing respiratory problems, and the bacteria also can be spread by
the respiratory route. Economic losses related to CL include condemnation and trim
of infected carcasses, devaluation of hides, and decreased meat yield and
reproductive efficiency.
Herd Health Management Plan: A set of written protocols that directly relate to the
management of animal health on the operation, including key factors such as disease
control measures (e.g. vaccination and quarantine protocols), disease testing and/or
necropsy protocols, feed and water resource management, or structural/enclosure
management.
Isolation or Quarantine: Physical separation of an animal or group of animals from
other sheep on the operation, with no physical contact allowed.
Johne’s Disease: A contagious disease of cattle and other ruminants, including
sheep, that results in weight loss despite a normal appetite and proper nutrition.
Diarrhea can also occur, but is less common in sheep than in cattle. The disease is
caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, which
can survive in the environment for up to a year and remain infectious to ruminants.
The primary mode of transmission is fecal-oral, including ingestion of contaminated
feed, water, or bedding. Lambs can be infected by nursing an udder soiled with
contaminated fecal material. The bacterium also can be transmitted through milk and
colostrum, as well as in utero. Infected animals shed the bacteria for months or years
before they develop clinical signs, resulting in heavy contamination of pastures before
it is known the disease is present. Sheep sharing pasture with infected cattle are
susceptible to infection.
5-11
Section 1
(Definitions continued)
Sore mouth (orf, contagious ecthyma): Sore mouth is caused by a pox virus and is
highly contagious in sheep, especially young lambs. Sores caused by the virus usually
occur around the mouth and teats but can also occur on the legs, vulva, and face.
Scabs, which contain viable virus, can fall off the animal and remain in the
environment, providing a source of infection for other animals. Although the virus is
zoonotic, the sores that infected people can contract are not infective for other people.
However, they may be painful and last for 2 months, but they usually heal without
scarring.
5-12
Section 1
SECTION H: PARASITE CONTROL
The following definitions may be useful when completing this section of the
questionnaire:
The questions in this section refer to all lambs and adult sheep. Feed includes milk,
milk replacer and starter.
Note: The reference period for this section is January 1, 2023 through December 31,
2023.
5-13
Section 1
SECTION I: LAMENESS
5-14
Section 1
SECTION J: ANTIMICROBIAL USE IN FEED AND WATER
The following definitions may be helpful in completing this section of the
questionnaire:
Coccidiostat: Coccidiostats are any of a group of chemical agents mixed in feed or
drinking water to control parasitic coccidiosis in animals. Coccidiostats inhibit the
growth but does not kill the coccidia (Eimeria spp).
Ionophore: An antibiotic for disease prevention or growth promotion. Ionophores are
unique antibiotics that are particularly successful at targeting protozoan lifecycles and
inhibiting growth. Their use is confined to production animals and are primarily used to
control coccidiosis in animals.
5-15
Section 1
SECTION K: HEALTH CONDITIONS AND LOSSES
5-16
Section 1
OFFICE USE ONLY
This is the conclusion of the interview. The purpose of this section is to provide NAHMS with
information about the time and people spent completing this questionnaire. Additionally, this
section provides a bit more information regarding data quality, which is taken into consideration
when entering the data.
Top Box: Operation Information
In the box at the beginning of the Office Use Only Section enter the State FIPS ID, the
operation number, your initials, and the date the interview was completed.
Commented [MRMA3]: Not sure how this looks in Qualtrics
Item 1: Total Interview Time
Enter the total time it took to complete the interview. Be sure to include the time it took to
discuss the program and complete the questionnaire. If more than one data collector was
present, such as a VMO and AHT, enter the time combined for both people.
Item 2: Total Travel Time
Enter the total time it took to drive to your ODS to the interview and back. If more than one
data collector was present, such as a VMO and AHT, enter the time combined for both
people.
Item 3: Data Collectors
Enter the number of people in each category present for the interview.
Item 4: Data Quality
Enter the response code that best describes the status of the questionnaire for this
operation. If the operation completed the questionnaire enter ‘99’. If the operation did not
complete the questionnaire, choose the response code that best fits the Producer’s reason
for not completing the questionnaire. If the operation was not eligible to complete the
questionnaire enter response code ’06’.
Item 5: Producer data quality
Select the option that best described the data quality of this questionnaire. If a large
majority of the data is missing or large sections were skipped and records were not
consulted, then data quality should be considered poor. If the whole questionnaire was
completed and records were consulted, then data quality should be considered good to
excellent.
Item 6: Field data quality
Select the option that best described the data quality of this questionnaire. If a large
majority of the data is missing or large sections were skipped and records were not
consulted, then data quality should be considered poor. If the whole questionnaire was
completed and records were consulted, then data quality should be considered good to
excellent.
Comments:
Please use this section to provide any more insight that you believe will be valuable for
NAHMS when reviewing the questionnaire.
Signature:
Please sign that you have reviewed and completed this questionnaire.
5-17
Commented [MRMA4]: What's the difference between
producer data quality and field data quality?
Section 1
QUALTRICS OVERVIEW
5-18
Biologics Manual
CONTENTS
Components of Biologics: Overview .................................................................
Biologics Design .................................................................................................2
Sampling Plan......................................................................................................3
Kit Orders and Collection Schedule
Kit Orders...................................................................................................5
Biologics Collection Timeline......................................................................6
Collection and Shipping Days ....................................................................7
Digital Collection Record
Digital Collection Record Items of Note ......................................................8
Digital Collection Record Screen Examples ...............................................9
Enteric Microbe Testing
Collection Instructions and Record .............................................................13
Enteric Microbe Items of Note ................................................................. 20
Producer Report Example for Enteric Microbe Testing
............................21
GI Parasite Composite Testing
GI Parasite Composite Collection Instructions and Records.......................24
GI Parasite Composite Items of Note .........................................................30
Producer Report Example for GI Parasite CompositeTesting .....................31
Blood and Swab Samples
Collection Instructions and Records ...........................................................33
Blood and Swab Collection Items of Note ..................................................39
Producer Report Example for Lameness Pathogen Testing .......................40
Reference Cards
Antibiotic Reference Card ..........................................................................42
Anthelmintic Reference Card .....................................................................44
Breed Reference Card ...............................................................................46
1
COMPONENTS OF BIOLOGICS: OVERVIEW
1. Enteric Microbe Testing: VS-collected fecal samples will be tested for Salmonella, E. coli,
Campylobacter, and Enterococcus (sample subset). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing will also
be done on the isolates. Duplicate fecal samples will be collected from up to 25 sheep, with
samples taken from 5 sheep in each of the following sheep types (using this priority order):
pregnant ewes, nursing ewes, preweaned lambs, weaned lambs, and open ewes. If one sheep
type is not present on the operation, collect extra samples from the highest priority sheep type,
to up to 10 sheep in each type. Producer reports containing results for Salmonella, E. coli, and
Campylobacter will be generated, and sealed reports will be sent to Coordinators for distribution
within 3 months of sample collection.
2. GI Parasite Composite: VS-collected composite fecal samples will be tested for GI parasites.
Fecal egg counts of Trichostrongylus spp will performed on all composites. A subset of the
samples (based on regions) will undergo resistance testing using The DrenchRite®, a diagnostic
alternative to the laborious task of performing fecal egg count reduction tests (FECRT), to
determine the effectiveness of dewormers. VS will be responsible for collecting fecal samples
from 6-10 sheep. Producer reports containing FECs of Trichostrongylus spp. for the composites
samples will be generated, and sealed reports will be sent to Coordinators for distribution within
3 months of sample collection. Additional resistance results will be included for those
operations that receive DrenchRite® testing.
3. Blood and Serum Banking: Up to 25 blood samples from ewes greater than 15 months of age
will be collected by VS, in tiger top SST tubes. Additionally, up to 15 blood samples will be
collected in purple-top EDTA tubes. The serum and blood will be aliquoted and stored at NVSL
for future research into diseases of concern to the sheep industry. No results will not be
returned to the Producer. Sheep that have this blood sample taken can participate in
lameness testing looking for foot rot pathogens.
4. Lameness Pathogen Testing: Sterile cotton swabs will be used for interdigital swab samples
collected by VS. Up to 25 ewes that had serum samples collected can have interdigital swabs
collected. Producer reports containing results for the detection of potential lameness (foot rot)
pathogens will be generated, and sealed reports will be sent to Coordinators for distribution
within 3 months of sample collection.
2
BIOLOGICS DESIGN
Fecal Collection: Enteric Microbe Kit
Fecal testing for microbes and detection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
VS Fecal Collection
• Up to 25 sheep sampled
• Collect samples from 5 sheep from each of the
following sheep types (in this order): Pregnant ewes,
nursing ewes, preweaned lambs, weaned lambs, and
open ewes. If one sheep type is not present on the
operation, collect extra samples from the highest
priority sheep type, to up to 10 sheep (ie, if no
preweaned lambs are present, collect from up to 5
more pregnant ewes).
• Two samples/sheep: At least 5 pellets in whirl-pak bag
and 5 pellets in a tube
*NCSU: North Carolina State University
**NVSL: National Veterinary Services Laboratory
***ISU: Iowa State University
Samples shipped to NCSU* in EM Kit Box
• Samples tested for Salmonella, E.coli, and
Enterococcus (subset).
• E.coli isolates tested for antimicrobial
susceptibility
• Salmonella and E.coli results reported to
participants
Isolates shipped to NVSL**
• Salmonella and Enterococcus
isolates tested for antimicrobial
susceptibility
• Results are not reported to
participants
Samples shipped to ISU***
• Samples tested for Campylobacter
• Campylobacter isolates tested for antimicrobial
susceptibility
• Isolate results reported to participants
Fecal Collection: GI Parasite Composite Kit
Fecal testing for Trichostrongylus spp and anthelmintic resistance
VS and Producer Fecal Collection
• Sample from 6-10 sheep that have not been dewormed
in the previous 60 days
• Collect 5-6 pellets collected per sheep
• Make a composite with the samples and form into cigar
shape.
Samples shipped to LSU**** in P Kit Box
• Sample tests include Trichostrongylus spp
Fecal Egg Counts and specific regions will have
a DrenchRite® to test for anthelmintic
resistance
• Results reported to participants
****LSU: Louisiana State University
3
Blood and swab collections: Blood/Swab Kit
Testing for: serum and blood bank (future testing) and lameness (foot rot) pathogens (Treponema
spp., Dichelobacter nodosus, Fusobacterium necrophorum)
VS Blood (Serum): Tiger Top SST Tube Collection
• Sample from ewes at least 15 months of age
• Sampling numbers:
1-19 ewes on the operation.……………..Sample all ewes
20-49 ewes on the operation..…………..Sample 20 ewes
50 or more ewes on the operation.……Sample 25 ewes
• Fill one 8ml-tiger top tube/sheep
VS Blood Purple Top Tube Collection
• Sample from ewes at least 15 months of age
• Up to 15 sheep Fill one 10ml-purple top tube/sheep
Tiger top and purple top blood tubes sent
to NVSL* Serology in BS Kit Box
• Blood (serum) is processed and serum is
aliquoted (4 sets) and cataloged for
serum bank
• 4 sets of each serum sample for serum
bank used for future research
• 4 set of each blood sample for blood
bank used for future research
• Results are not reported to participants
VS Interdigital Swab Collection
• Sample from same ewes sampled as for tiger-top blood
samples
• Swab the interdigital skin of at least 2 feet per ewe
Swab sent to NVSL ARS in BS Kit Box
• Samples test for presence of lameness
(foot rot) pathogens: Treponema spp.,
Dichelobacter nodosus, and
Fusobacterium necrophorum
• Results reported to participants
• Insert the swab into the plastic tube, breaking off the
stick inside the tube.
• Take digital photo of any suspected foot rot
* NVSL: National Veterinary Services Laboratory
**ARS: Agricultural Research Service
4
SAMPLING PLAN
If an operation has 50 or more sheep, the following sampling plan can be used:
Sheep
sample
number
Biologic Kit
Type
Testing
Sample
type
Enteric
Pathogen
Enteric
Pathogen
Enteric
Pathogen
Enteric
Pathogen
Enteric
Pathogen
Enteric
pathogens
Enteric
pathogens
Enteric
pathogens
Enteric
pathogens
Enteric
pathogens
Fecal
Pellets
Fecal
Pellets
Fecal
Pellets
Fecal
Pellets
Fecal
Pellets
GI Parasite
Composite
GI parasites
Fecal
Pellets
Blood and
Swab
BloodBlood banking serum
***25 ewes >15 month old
Tiger top 8ml tube
Blood and
Swab
Blood banking Blood
***25 Subset of blood-serum ewes
Purple top 10ml tube
Blood and
Swab
Lameness
pathogens
ewes (same as blood-serum
***25 ewes)
Nasal Swab (red cap)
Interdigital
Swab
Sheep type
*5 Pregnant ewes
*5 Nursing ewes
*5 Open ewes
*5 Preweaned lambs
*5 Weaned lambs
**6-10 Sheep and lambs
Sample per Sheep
10 pellets, divided into
1 bag and 1 tube
10 pellets, divided into
1 bag and 1 tube
10 pellets, divided into
1 bag and 1 tube
10 pellets, divided into
1 bag and 1 tube
10 pellets, divided into
1 bag and 1 tube
5-6 pellets
* If one sheep type is not present on the operation, collect extra samples from the highest priority sheep
type, to up to 10 sheep of each type. Sample from no more than 25 sheep per operation.
**Composite sample
***If collecting both tiger top and purple top blood tubes, collect tiger top blood tubes first.
If the operation has fewer than 50 ewes, use the following sampling plan for blood and nasal swab
samples:
1-19 ewes on the operation ................. Sample all ewes
20-49 ewes on the operation ............... Sample 20 ewes
50 or more ewes on the operation ...... Sample 25 ewes
5
KIT ORDERS AND COLLECTION SCHEDULE
KIT ORDERS
NAHMS will place 2 rounds kit orders based on State turnover numbers. The first round of kits will be to
State Coordinators for distribution BEFORE the study starts. The second round of kits will be sent to
State Coordinators for distribution soon AFTER the study begins. Additional kits can be requested by
emailing Alyson Wiedenheft at [email protected]
BIOLOGICS COLLECTION TIMELINE
*VS Collection: Collection dates are April 2024 – July 2024
Fecal Collection Scheduling: Schedule: Please try to follow the fecal collection schedule
or contact us if you need an exception.
Group 1: Collection dates are April 1 – July
Group 2: Collection dates are April–May 30
Group 3: Collection dates are June 1 – July 31
Group 1: Collection dates are April 1 – July 31
TX
Group 2: Collection dates are April–May 30
South West (KY, NC, GA, FL)
North East (MI, PA, OH, MN)
Central (NM, SD, NE KS, MT, CO)
West (CA)
Group 3: Collection dates are June 1 – July 31
South West(TN, VA, MO)
North East (IA, WI, IN, NY)
Central (AZ, WY, UT, ND, ID)
West (OR, WA)
*We recommend, for liability reasons, that VMOs are present during VS collection. AHTs are welcome
to assist VMOs with the collection.
6
COLLECTION AND SHIPPING DAYS
Kit
Enteric
Pathogen
GI Parasite
Composite
Blood/
Swab
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Collect*
Collect
Collect
Collect**
Ship
Ship
Ship
Collect
Collect
Collect**
Ship
Ship
Ship
Collect
Collect
Collect
Ship****
Ship****
Ship****
Collect*
Collect*
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Collect***
Collect***
Collect***
*Samples collected on Sunday must be kept refrigerated until they can be shipped. Most FedEx sites
are closed on Sundays. Fecal samples must be shipped within 24 hours of collection.
**Fecal samples collected on Wednesday must be shipped on the same day. Fecal samples should not
be collected Thursday-Saturday.
***Blood and swab samples collected on Thursday-Sunday must be kept refrigerated until they can be
shipped on the following Monday. These sampling days apply only to operations that do not want fecal
samples taken or will have fecal samples collected on a different day (Sunday-Wednesday).
7
Digital Collection Record: Tips and links
Make sure you charge your iPad and stylus before you visit the operation.
Use your phone hot spot to connect your iPad to the network.
The QR code and the URL to the Collection Record will be on the instructions that are included in the
kits.
Multiple collection record tabs can be opened at once on the iPad. We recommend opening all the both
the enteric microbe tab and the GI parasite composite tab and toggle back and forth between the two
collection records.
The number zero is often recognized as the letter o, so using the keypad for number is recommended.
8
Survey
GI Parasite Composite
Collection Record
Link
QR Code
https://usdaanimalhealth.gov1.qualtrics.com/
jfe/form/SV_cAWVomyZPUkq9qC
Enteric Microbe
Collection Record
https://usdaanimalhealth.gov1.qualtrics.com/
jfe/form/SV_5swPfurvMQOTBpY
Blood and Swab
Collection Record
https://usdaanimalhealth.gov1.qualtrics.com/
jfe/form/SV_0xQ0CwOvQll5y74
9
10
11
12
National Animal Health
Monitoring System
Animal and
Plant Health
Inspection
Service
Veterinary
Services
NAHMS Sheep 2024
Enteric Microbe Individual Sample
Collection Record
2150 Centre Ave, Bldg B
Fort Collins, CO 80526
Form Approved
OMB Number xxxx
Expires: xxxx
Supplies sent to Coordinators: Lubricant
Kit contents:
25 small Whirl-pak® bags, 25 polystyrene tubes, 2 gallon sized Ziploc® bags, 2 ice packs, 1 liner bag, 1 large
insulated cooler, and paperwork that includes instructions, submission form, duplicate labels, and 1 FedEx
airbill addressed to NCSU in Raleigh, NC. You will need to provide your own gloves. Clean gloves are needed
for each animal.
Collection Instructions
Collect fecal samples Sunday-Wednesday. Collect duplicate fecal samples from 5 sheep from each of the
following sheep types: pregnant ewes, nursing ewes, preweaned lambs, weaned lambs, and open ewes. If one
sheep type is not present on the operation, collect extra samples from the highest priority sheep type, to up to
10 sheep. The sample priority order is pregnant ewes, nursing ewes, preweaned lambs, weaned lambs,
and open ewes.
Fresh samples are a must. Collect from the rectum or immediately off the ground while samples are still
warm. Rectal retrieval might not be possible on some sheep (e.g. preweaned lambs).
Collect AT LEAST 10 fecal pellets from each animal. For each animal, place 5 fecal pellets into one Whirlpak® bag and 5 fecal pellets in a polystyrene tube. On the duplicate labels provided, write the sheep’s name or
ID and attach the labels onto the bag and tube for each sheep. Make sure you label the tubes with the correct
sample numbers and IDs.
Close the labeled Whirl-pak® and tubes for each animal and divide them into 2 Ziploc® bags.
Place your Whirl-pak® bag samples into one gallon sized Ziploc® bag labeled NCSU and the second tube
sample in a second gallon sized Ziploc® bag labeled ISU. Once all labeled samples are placed into the
Ziplocs®, secure the Ziploc® bags closed. Place both gallon sized Ziploc® bags into 1 liner bag. Cool down
samples with ice packs, but do not freeze the samples. If necessary, replace ice packs with frozen ones before
shipping.
According to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, an agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection
of information unless it displays a valid OMB control number. The valid OMB control number for this information collection is xxxx-xxxx. The time
required to complete this information collection is estimated to average 2.5 hours per response, including the time for reviewing instructions,
13
searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the information collected.
RECTAL RETRIEVAL
To avoid contamination from common organisms on the ground, rectal retrieval is best. Rectal retrieval
might not be possible on some sheep (e.g. preweaned lambs), and fresh off the ground samples are
acceptable.
1. Apply lubricating
jelly to the glove
before entering
the rectum.
Lightly stroking the
rectum might
encourage
defecation.
2. Collect
duplicate
samples.
Retrieve a
minimum of 10
pellets per
animal (5 pellets
for one Whirlpak® bag and 5
pellets for the
tube).
3. On each label, write the sheep’s name or ID and attach them on to a Whirl-pak® bag and a tube.
Place the labeled Whirl-pak® and tube inside separate gallon sized Ziploc® bags.
4. Continue collecting samples from other sheep using a clean glove for each animal.
Collection Record
Fill out the pink submission form and the digital collection record.
Use the QR code or the URL below to access the Enteric Microbe Digital Collection Record.
14
Shipping Instructions
Ship on Sunday-Wednesday. Keep samples cool and ship within 24 hours of collection. Wednesday
collections must be shipped the same day. Do not collect or ship samples Thursday through Saturday.
Place all the samples in the liner bag and tie shut. Place an ice pack on the top and bottom of the samples.
Add filler to box if necessary. Close the insulated cooler box.
Place the filled out pink submission form on top of the cooler lid and seal the cardboard box.
Secure the box and ship to NCSU in Raleigh, North Carolina, within 24 hours. Ship only MondayWednesday.
15
Enteric Microbe Collection Record
NAHMS ID
Primary collector:
Date:
Name and phone number
6 digits
eid
e101
e102
e103m/e103y
ename/eph
e104
1. Sample #
4. Sheep
Type
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2. Sheep name
or ID
3. Age
(months
or years)
___ mo
OR
___ yr
___ mo
OR
___ yr
___ mo
OR
___ yr
___ mo
OR
___ yr
___ mo
OR
___ yr
___ mo
OR
___ yr
___ mo
OR
___ yr
___ mo
OR
___ yr
___ mo
OR
___ yr
___ mo
OR
___ yr
1= pregnant
ewe
2=nursing
ewe
3=preweaned
lamb
4=weaned
lamb
5=open ewe
e105
e106a-d
6. Sheep housing
5. IF sheep
type =1 or 2,
provide date
lambed or
expected
date to lamb
(mm/dd/yy)
1= housed in individual
pens
2=housed with other
sheep of same type
(column 4)
3=housed with other
sheep types (column 4)
4=housed with other
livestock (specify
livestock)
[List all that apply]
e107a-e/107oth
7. Condition(s)
in past
30 days
1=diarrhea
2=fever
3=respiratory
infection
4=thin
5=other (specify)
[List all that
apply]
(mm/dd/yy)
Enteric Kit # on
labels:
edate
e108
8. Did this animal
receive individual
antimicrobial
therapy in the last
30 days?
(Yes/No)
[If No, SKIP
column 9]
ekit
e109a-e/109otha-othe
9. Which
individual
antibiotic(s) were
given in the last
30 days?
[See reference card
and enter code]
16
1. Sample #
4. Sheep
Type
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
2. Sheep name
or ID
3. Age
(months
or years)
___ mo
OR
___ yr
___ mo
OR
___ yr
___ mo
OR
___ yr
___ mo
OR
___ yr
___ mo
OR
___ yr
1= pregnant
ewe
2=nursing
ewe
3=preweaned
lamb
4=weaned
lamb
5=open ewe
6. Sheep housing
5. IF sheep
type =1 or 2,
provide date
lambed or
expected
date to lamb.
(mm/dd/yy)
1= housed in individual
pens
2=housed with other
sheep of same type
(column 4)
3=housed with other
sheep types (column 4)
4=housed with other
livestock (specify
livestock)
[List all that apply]
7. Condition(s)
in past
30 days
1=diarrhea
2=fever
3=respiratory
infection
4=thin
5=other (specify)
[List all that
apply]
8. Did this animal
receive individual
antimicrobial
therapy in the last
30 days?
(Yes/No)
[If No, SKIP
column 9]
9. Which
individual
antibiotic(s) were
given in the last
30 days?
[See reference card
and enter code]
___ mo
OR
___ yr
___ mo
OR
___ yr
___ mo
OR
___ yr
___ mo
OR
___ yr
___ mo
OR
___ yr
17
1. Sample #
4. Sheep
Type
2. Sheep name
or ID
(months
or years)
___ mo
OR
___ yr
___ mo
OR
___ yr
___ mo
OR
___ yr
___ mo
OR
___ yr
___ mo
OR
___ yr
21
22
23
24
25
Were samples:
3. Age
1= pregnant
ewe
2=nursing
ewe
3=preweaned
lamb
4=weaned
lamb
5=open ewe
1 stored overnight
OR
6. Sheep housing
5. IF sheep
type =1 or 2,
provide date
lambded or
expected
date to lamb.
(mm/dd/yy)
1= housed in individual
pens
2=housed with other
sheep of same type
(column 4)
3=housed with other
sheep types (column 4)
4=housed with other
livestock (specify
livestock)
[List all that apply]
7. Condition(s)
in past
30 days
1=diarrhea
2=fever
3=respiratory
infection
4=thin
5=other (specify)
[List all that
apply]
8. Did this animal
receive individual
antimicrobial
therapy in the last
30 days?
(Yes/No)
[If No, SKIP
column 9.]
9. Which
individual
antibiotic(s) were
given in the last
30 days?
[See reference card
and enter code]
2 shipped the same day as collected? estore
How many people in each category helped with the collection of the individual fecal samples?
_____ Fed VMO evmo
_____ Fed AHT eaht
_____ State government estate
_____ Producer eprod
_____Other, specify eoth/eothsp:
Total sample time _______ hours ehr
18
NAHMS Sheep 2024
Enteric Microbe Submission Form
NAHMS ID:
6 digits
1. Number of fecal samples?
Date:
Kit #:
mm/dd/yy
Printed on labels
_________________________
0-25
19
ENTERIC MICROBE ITEMS OF NOTE
1. We recommend collecting the GI parasite composite samples at the same time.
2. Digital Collection Record: Have the digital record up and record data for each sheep as you
go. You can have both the GI parasite composite and the enteric microbe collection record
tabs open and toggle back and forth between the two collection records.
3. The term “sheep type” is used in the collection record. For this study, use this term to place
the sheep sampled into the following categories:
a. Pregnant ewe
b. Nursing ewe
c. Preweaned lamb
d. Weaned lamb
e. Open ewe
4. Collection schedule: Both the Enteric and Fecal Parasite laboratory have a maximum
number of samples it can accept per week. Please schedule your farm visit and sample
collection according to the collection schedule. Please communicate with NAHMS will to
discuss the scheduling options, if needed.
[add schedule here]
5. The sampling priority order for the sheep was designed by the laboratory to best achieve
our biological goals. If one sheep type is not present on the operation, collect extra samples
from the highest priority sheep type, to up to 10 sheep. Sample from no more than 25
sheep per operation. Please be sure to sample sheep in this order:
a. Pregnant ewes- sample 5 sheep
b. Nursing ewes- sample 5 sheep
c. Preweaned lambs- sample to 5 sheep
d. Weaned lambs- sample 5 sheep
e. Open ewes- sample 5 sheep
6. Collect 10 pellets per animal (15 if you are also collecting parasite composite samples); five
pellets will go in one small whirlpak bag and five pellets will go in tube. If a sheep is short
on fecal pellets, collect at least 5 pellets for the whirlpack bag. After labeling and sealing
both bag and the tube for each sheep, place the whirlpak bag into the gallon sized ziplock
labeled NCSU. Place the tubes into the gallon sized ziplock labeled ISU. This will keep the
sets together for the laboratories.
7. Use a clean glove and lubricant for each animal. Rectal retrieval is best, but ground
samples are acceptable if necessary (e.g. preweaned lamb).
8. Please use the antibiotics reference card included with the enteric microbe kit paperwork to
fill out the column about the antimicrobial therapy found on the collection record. The
reference cards can be found in the reference card tab in this manual. This reference card
is the same as the one used to answer the VS questionnaire antibiotics questions.
20
9. A producer report with results for Salmonella, E. coli, Campylobacter will be sent to
Coordinators for distribution within 3 months of collection. Since only a subset of samples
will be tested for Enterococcus, this microbe will not be include in the report. An example of
the enteric microbe producer report is on the following pages.
21
National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS)
Enteric Microbe Report
Date of report:
ID:
Dear participant,
Thank you for participating in the enteric microbe testing portion of the NAHMS Sheep 2024 Study. This
report contains testing results for Salmonella, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), and Campylobacter
performed on sheep at your operation. Please consider sharing these results with your veterinarian.
If you have questions about the accuracy of your results, please contact Dr. Alyson Wiedenheft, the
NAHMS biologics coordinator at [email protected].
Background on Salmonella, E. coli, and Campylobacter:
The bacteria Salmonella, E. coli, and Campylobacter all can inhabit the intestinal tract of sheep and can
be shed in their feces. Sheep that are shedding these enteric microbes can have clinical signs such as
diarrhea or fever, or can appear totally healthy. E. coli are normal (commensal) flora of the intestines of
humans and animals, and while many subtypes are harmless, others, like E. coli O157:H7, can cause
disease by producing a toxin called Shiga toxin.
When enteric microbes are shed in sheep feces, they can cause infections in other animals and humans
and can contaminate the environment. Thus, it is important to take precautions when working with
sheep that are known to be shedding these enteric microbes.
Overview of Enteric Microbe Testing Performed and Results Reported:
Fecal samples collected from sheep on your operation were tested for the presence of Salmonella, Shiga
toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), and Campylobacter.
The presence (“Positive”) or absence (“Negative”) of the microbes in the samples are reported for each
Sheep sampled. For some animals, there may not be enough fecal samples to complete all the testing. If
an insufficient amount of fecal sample was submitted, the column will read “NA.”
22
Enteric Microbe RESULTS:
Individual Sheep Results:
Sample #
Sheep ID
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Salmonella
Positive
Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
STEC
E. coli
Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
Campylobacter
Positive
Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
NA
For positive results:
Enteric Microbe Results Interpretation: One or more of the sheep tested from your operation were
positive for Salmonella, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), and/or Cryptosporidium in their feces on the
day sampled. You may want to share these results with your veterinarian.
Or if all negative results:
Enteric Microbe Results Interpretation: None of the sheep tested from your operation were positive
for Salmonella, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), or Campylobacter in their feces on the day sampled.
Fecal microbes can be shed intermittently, therefore a negative test result does not mean your sheep
will never shed these microbes. If any of your sheep experience clinical signs consistent with an enteric
microbe infection, you may wish to consult your veterinarian about submitting additional samples for
testing.
23
Animal and
Plant Health
Inspection
Service
Veterinary
Services
NAHMS Sheep 2024
GI Parasite Composite
Collection Record
National Animal Health
Monitoring System
2150 Centre Ave, Bldg B
Fort Collins, CO 80526
Form Approved
OMB Number xxxx-xxxx
Expires:
Sampling materials:
• Supplies sent to Coordinators: Plastic wrap, aluminum foil, and lubricant
• Kit contents: 2 gallon sized Ziploc® bags, 2 quart sized Whirl-pak® bags, 2 tongue depressors, 2 ice packs, 2
liner bag (one to use as a trash bag), 1 medium insulated cooler, and paperwork that includes instructions,
submission form, labels, and 1 FedEx airbill addressed to LSU in Baton Rouge, LA.
• You will need to provide you own gloves.
Collection Instructions
1. Collect samples Sunday-Wednesday. Sample sheep that have not been dewormed in the previous 60 days.
2. Samples from 6 to 10 (more is better) sheep or lambs are pooled into one sample.
3. From each sheep, collect 5-6 fecal pellets. Collect samples from the rectum when possible. Rectal retrieval might
not be possible on some sheep (e.g. preweaned lambs), and fresh off the ground samples are acceptable. Place
pellets from all sheep in the same Ziploc® bag to form a composite sample.
4. Samples must be fresh (not petrified). Do not exclude diarrhea samples.
5. Make a composite sample with the fecal pellets.
If needed, add a very small amount of water the bag to moisten the feces making it easier to work with. With the
samples in the bag, squish the contents until you have a soft composite of feces.
6. Wrap the sample tightly in plastic wrap and aluminum foil, excluding all air.
Tear off approximately 12 inches plastic wrap and aluminum foil and 12 inches of plastic wrap. Using the tongue
depressor, dump the composite of feces onto a sheet of plastic wrap, fold the plastic wrap over the feces and kneed
it like dough until the sample is in a “cigar” shape. Wrap tightly in the plastic wrap, then wrap the “cigar” tightly in
aluminum foil and place the wrapped feces into a clean Whirl-pak® bag, again excluding all air from the bag.
7. Attach the label to the bag and fill in the the NAHMS ID.
8. Keep the samples cool but DO NOT FREEZE.
9. Fill out the pink submission form and the digital collection form.
According to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, an agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to
respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a valid OMB control number. The valid OMB control number for this
information collection is xxxx-xxxx. The time required to complete this information collection is estimated to average 2.0 hours
per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the
data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information.
NAHMS-xxx
xxxxx
24
RECTAL RETRIEVAL
To avoid contamination from common organisms on the ground, rectal retrieval is best. Rectal retrieval might not be
possible on some sheep (e.g. preweaned lambs), and fresh off the ground samples are acceptable.
1. Apply lubricating
jelly to the glove
before entering the
rectum.
• Lightly stroking the
rectum might
encourage defecation.
2. Retrieve a
minimum of 5-6
pellets per
animal.
• Place pellets from
all sheep the same
plastic bag.
Prepare the Pooled Samples
1. Knead the bag until
individual fecal
pellets cannot
readily be seen.
• If needed, add a
very small amount of
water to give a
consistency of thick
paste.
4. Place the cigar
shaped composite
into a Whirl-pak®
and place the
Whirl-pak® into a
clean Ziploc®.
• Again, squeeze out
excess air of the
double bagged
sample.
2. Dump composite
onto plastic wrap
and form a “cigar
shaped.
3. Wrap the sample
tightly in plastic
wrap, then
aluminum foil,
excluding all air.
5. Attach a label on
the outer bag and
write the
NAHMSID on the
label.
6. Keep the samples
cool but do not
freeze.
25
Collection Record
Fill out the pink submission form and the digital collection record. Use the QR code or the URL
below to access the GI Parasite Composite Collection Record.
Shipping Instructions
1. Ship on Sunday-Wednesday. Keep samples cool and ship within 24 hours of collection. Wednesday
collections must be shipped the same day. Do not collect or ship samples Thursday through Saturday.
2. Place all the samples in the liner bag and tie shut. Place an ice pack on the top and bottom of the
samples. Add filler to the box if necessary. Close the insulated cooler box.
3. Place the filled out pink submission form on top of the cooler lid and seal the cardboard box.
4. Secure the box and ship to LSU, in Baton Rouge, LA, within 24 hours. A shipping airbill is provided in the
kit. Ship only Sunday-Wednesday.
NOTE: Remove or black out all extraneous labels on outside of box.
26
NAHMS Sheep 2024
GI Parasite Composite
Collection Record
•
Sample should be kneaded and formed into a composite cigar shape while still fresh.
•
Ship within 24 hours of collection on Monday through Wednesday.
•
If sample cannot be formed into a composite cigar shape on site, store in the refrigerator
for less than 24 hours before kneading/shaping/wrapping, and shipping.
NAHMS ID:
Parasite Kit ID:
(6 digits)
Collection Date:
(mm/dd/yy)
IF POSSIBLE, COLLECT SAMPLES FROM SHEEP THAT ARE SUSPECTED TO HAVE HIGHER
LEVELS OF PARASITES.
1. What is the total number of animals you sampled?
(Should equal the number of ages listed above) .......................................................... ________ head
2. For each animal sampled, select the animal class and enter the age in years or months.
Age (years or months)
Breed (enter code from Breed
Reference Card or specify “other
breed”
Class (pregnant ewe, nursing ewe,
preweaned lamb, weaned lamb, open ewe,
ram, or wether)
4. What is the total number of sheep in your flock?………………………………………..
5. Were any of the following used to select the sheep that were sampled?
a. Animal showed clinical signs .............................................................................
_________ flock total
1 Yes
i. IF YES, what were the signs?
Diarrhea ............................................... 1 Yes
3 No
Weight loss ........................................... 1 Yes
3 No
Poor hair coat ....................................... 1 Yes
3 No
27
3 No
b.
Anemic (based on FAMACHA) ............ 1 Yes
3 No
Other signs ........................................... 1 Yes
3 No (specify:____________________)
Other reasons sheep were selected for sampling?
(specify: ________________________________) ............................................
1 Yes
3 No
6. Are you using copper wire particle boluses or other alternative dewormer treatments?
1 Yes
3 No
IF YES, please list:__________________________________________________
7. Have these sheep EVER been treated with a dewormer?............................................
1 Yes 3 No
IF YES, what date were they last treated? ............................................................................... ___________ mm/dd/yy
IF YES, check all product(s) used the last time they were treated.
1 Albendazole (Valbazen®),
5 Levamisole (Tramisol®, Levasole®, Prohibit®)
2 Fenbendazole (Safeguard®, Panacur®)
6 Pyrantel (Strongid®)
3 Ivermectin (Ivomec)®)
7 Morantel (Rumatel®)
4 Moxidectin (Cydectin®)
OR LIST HERE: __________________________________________________
8. Which best describes the management of the sampled sheep during the past 30 days?
1 Open range (large unfenced acreage)
2 Fenced range (large fenced acreage)
3 Fenced farm (cultivated pasture or browse)
4 Dry lot (pen which does not allow grazing and is not meant for
finishing sheep on a high-energy diet for slaughter)
5 Other (specify: ______________________________________)
How many people in each category helped with the collection of the individual fecal samples?
_____ Fed VMO
_____ Fed AHT
_____ State Gov’t
_____ Producer
_____ Other, specify: ______________________________
Not counting Producer time, how many hours did it
take everyone to collect and prepare the samples for shipping:
________ hours
How many round-trip hours did it take for everyone to get to the farm and back:
________ hours
28
NAHMS Sheep 2024
GI Parasite Composite Submission Form
NAHMS ID:
6 digits
Date:
Kit #:
mm/dd/yy
Number of animals included in composite sample:
Printed on labels
__________________________
6-10
29
GI PARASITE COMPOSITE ITEMS OF NOTE
1. We recommend collecting the enteric microbe samples at the same time. For one
sheep that will have all samples collected, you separate the samples into 3 sets.
First, put the composite samples in one quart sized whirlpak bag. You will then
place the enteric samples for each sheep into a smaller individual whirlpak bag and
a tube.
2. Digital Collection Record: Have the digital record up and record data for each
sheep as you go. You can have both the GI parasite composite and the enteric
microbe collection record tabs open and toggle back and forth between the two
collection records.
3. You will need to bring plastic wrap, aluminum foil, lubricant, and gloves to the
operation for sample collection.
4. Use a clean glove and lubricant for each animal. Rectal retrieval is best, but ground
samples are acceptable if necessary (e.g. preweaned lambs).
5. Do not exclude sheep with diarrhea or exhibiting other signs of gastrointestinal
nematode infection.
6. Only include sheep that have not been dewormed in the previous 60 days.
7. How to make a composite sample: Samples from 6-10 sheep can be collected and
pooled into one sample. Place 5-6 pellets per animal into the same quart sized
whirlpak bag. Remove the air from the bag and seal. Knead the bag until individual
fecal pellets cannot be seen. You may need to add some water drops to get the
fecal composite into the consistency of thick paste. Lay out a sheet of plastic wrap
and aluminum foil, and dump out the composite onto the plastic wrap. Then form
composite into a cigar shape, then wrap the sample tightly in the plastic wrap
followed by wrapping it in aluminum foil. Place wrapped composite into a clean
whirlpak bag, excluding air from the bag. You can watch a video of fecal composite
collection here:
8. At the time of collection, feces should be placed in a cooler with ice packs to keep
the sample cool and can be placed in the refrigerator overnight if they are not
shipped same day. DO NOT FREEZE the composite sample and try not to place the
sample directly on ice packs as that could inhibit hatching of eggs.
9. Producer reports containing FECs of Trichostrongylus spp. for the composites
samples will be generated, and sealed reports will be sent to Coordinators for
distribution within 3 months of sample collection. Additional resistance results were
be included for those operations that receive DrenchRite® testing.
30
National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS)
GI Parasite Composite Report
Date of report:
ID:
Dear Participant,
Thank you for participating in the parasite portion of the NAHMS Sheep 2024 Study. This report contains
the results of the internal parasite testing performed on the sheep at your operation. Consider sharing
these results with your veterinarian so that they can assist you in determining if you a need to modify
your deworming protocols.
If you have questions about the accuracy of your results, please contact Dr. Alyson Wiedenheft, the
NAHMS biologics coordinator, at [email protected].
Overview of Parasite Testing:
Control of internal parasite infection in sheep is considered an essential aspect of routine management.
Internal parasite control is based both on good husbandry and the use of anthelmintics. The first step in
an effective deworming program is to determine the level of infection and the type of internal parasites
on the sheep operation. Trichostrongyles (a family of stomach worms, including Haemonchus contortusthe “Barber Pole Worm”) are considered the most important internal parasites in sheep industry.
Specifically, Haemonchus contortus infections are especially dangerous to sheep. Composite (pooled)
testing of the fecal samples will provide a baseline herd level egg count of Trichostrongyles.
Fecal Egg Count (FEC):
These results describe a baseline (pre-deworming) fecal egg count (FEC) for trichostrongyles reported as
eggs per gram (EPG) at the herd level. An FEC is calculated for the composite sample and is used to
estimate the parasitic load for the herd. For this study, a low FEC is considered to be less than 300 EPG, a
moderate FEC is between 300-1000 EPG, and a high FEC is greater than 1000 EPG.
Subset: Anthelmintic Resistance Test
A subset of the composite samples will be tested for anthelmintic resistance using the DrenchRite®
Larval Development Assay (LDA). This test is an alternative to the Fecal Egg Count Resistance Test to
determine the effectiveness of anthelmintics.
30
TRICHOSTRONGYLE RESULT:
Fecal Egg Count at Herd Level: 300 EPG
Fecal Egg Count Interpretation: For this study, a low FEC is considered to be less than 300 EPG, a
moderate FEC is between 300-1000 EPG, and a high FEC is greater than 1000 EPG.
Subset: DrenchRite® Larval Development Assay (LDA):
Anthelmintic class:
Anthelmintic class:
Anthelmintic class:
Anthelmintic class:
Subset: DrenchRite® LDA Interpretation:
31
Animal and
Plant Health
Inspection
Service
NAHMS Sheep 2024
Blood & Swab Sample
Collection Record
Veterinary
Services
National Animal Health
Monitoring System
2150 Centre Ave, Bldg B
Fort Collins, CO 80526
Form Approved
OMB Number xxx
Approval expires: xxx
Sample Collection Overview
The blood samples collected in the tiger top SST tubes and purple top EDTA tubes will be stored and used
for research that will benefit the sheep industry. Ewes that have blood samples collected can also have
interdigital swab samples collected. These swabs will be tested with PCR to detect the presence of
bacteria that cause foot rot. Swab results will be sent to all participants.
Samples can be collected any day of the week, but samples can only be shipped SundayWednesday. Keep samples cool in a refrigerator until the next shipping day. If possible, blood samples in
the tiger top tubes should be spun down once clotted.
Kit Contents
This kit contains supplies for blood collection and interdigital swab samples. Please remove any
extra or unused supplies before shipping samples. In this kit you will find:
25, 8.5-ml tiger top SST blood tubes
15, 10 ml purple top EDTA blood tubes
1 tube divider box
35, 18-gauge, 1” vacutainer needles
3 vacutainer holders
25 interdigital swabs
25 tongue depressors
2 liner bags, gallon sized Ziploc® bags, 2 ice packs, 2 absorbent sheets
Ballpoint pen for filling out the Collection Records
Sarstedt marker for labeling tubes
1 large insulated cooler box and shipping box
Paperwork including instructions, submission form, labels, and 1 FedEx airbills addressed to NVSL
According to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, an agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of
information unless it displays a valid OMB control number. The valid OMB control number for this information collection is xxxx-xxxx. The time required to
complete this information collection is estimated to average 3.0 hours per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data
sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information.
33
Blood Collection Instructions
Tiger Top SST Blood Tubes
Collect from ewes that are at least 15 months of age. Ewes can be pregnant if the Producer is comfortable
with the sampling. Sample a maximum of 25 ewes. Include ewes that have suspected lameness or
footrot if you will be collecting interdigital swabs:
Number of Ewes on an Operation
1 to 19 ewes
20 to 49 ewes
50 or more ewes
Sample Number
Sample all ewes
Sample 20 ewes
Sample 25 ewes
Fill 1 tiger top tube per ewe using the provided needles and vacutainer holder. If you prefer syringes or
different length needle, you will need to provide your own. (Collect purple top tops at this time. See
instructions below).
Use the preprinted red labels numbered 1a through 25a to label the red-top tube samples. Using the
Sarstedt marker, write the NAHMS ID and the sheep name/ID on the label. Make sure the labels are
secure on the tubes.
The lab will appreciate it if you can let the samples in the red-top tubes clot and then spin them down.
Please place tubes in the tube divider boxes in numeric order.
Purple top EDTA Blood tubes
Collect from up to 15 ewes that had blood collected using the Tiger top SST tubes.
Use the preprinted purple labels numbered 1b through 25b to label the red-top tube samples. Note, you will
only use 15 of the 25 provided labels. Be sure to use the correct sample label for each blood tube. Using
the Sarstedt marker, write the NAHMS ID and the sheep name/ID on the label. Make sure the labels are
secure on the tubes
Interdigital Swab Instructions
Use one swab sample for each ewe that had blood collected in a tiger top blood tube. The sample
numbers and sheep IDs need to match the samples from the tiger top blood tubes.
Remove any mud and debris from the interdigital space with a tongue depressor. Use a clean tongue
depressor for each sheep. Swab the interdigital skin of at least 2 feet per ewe. Vigorously rub the cotton
swab back and forth in the interdigital space. If lameness or footrot is suspected, be sure to swab
suspected foot. If lameness or footrot is suspected, take a photograph of the suspected foot.
Insert the swab into the plastic tube, breaking off the stick inside the tube. Close the plastic tube.
Use the preprinted blue swab labels numbered 1c through 25c to label plastic swab tube. Using the
Sarstedt marker, write NAHMS ID and the Sheep name/ID on each the label. Make sure the labels are
secure on the tubes.
Place the swab samples in the gallon sized Ziploc®.
34
Collection Record for all Samples
Fill out the pink submission form and the digital collection record. Use the QR code or the URL
below to access the Blood Swab Collection Record.
Shipping
Keep samples cool in a refrigerator until the next shipping day. Ship only Sunday-Wednesday.
Place the blood box filled with blood samples, two absorbent sheets, and two ice packs inside a liner bag.
Add the Ziploc® of swab samples. Remove excess air from the liner bag and tie shut. Place this liner bag
with the blood and swab samples inside the cooler box. Close the cooler lid.
Place the filled out pink submission form on top of the cooler lid and seal the cardboard box. Secure the
shipping box and attach the airbill addressed to NVSL onto the shipping box. Ship only Monday-
Wednesday.
35
Blood and Swab Collection Record
NAHMS ID:
6 digits
rid
Date:
Kit #:
mm/dd/yy
Printed on
labels rkit
rdate
Total ewe inventory TODAY:
rdnum
Sample ewes that are at least 15 months of age.
r101
Label number
1
r102
Ewe
ID
r103y
Age
(years)
r104/r104oth
Breed Code
[See breed
reference
card]
r105
Ewe status
1=Nursing
2=Pregnant
3=Open
R106
If Ewe status
is nursing or
pregnant then
please list the
most recent
lambing date
mm/dd/yyyy
r107a-e
Clinical History:
1=Abortion in
previous 12
months
2=Runny nose
3=Thin
4=Diarrhea
5=Other
[List all that
apply]
r108
Comment
or specify
other
clinical
history
R109
R110
Tiger top
tube
collected?
Purple top
blood tube
collected?
Place a
checkmark
for YES
Place a
checkmark
for YES
r111
Interdigital Swab
Collected?
Place a checkmark
for YES
r112
Lameness or
footrot
suspected and
photo taken?
Place a
checkmark for
YES
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
36
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Continue collection if there are 50 or more ewes on the operation.
21
22
23
24
25
How many people in each category helped with the collection of the blood and swab samples?
_____ State government rst
_____ Fed VMO rvmo
_____ Producer rprod
_____ Fed AHT raht
_____ Other (specify: _______________________________) roth
Total sample time: _______ hours rhr
Primary collector name and phone: __________________________________________________rname/rph
37
NAHMS Sheep 2024
Blood and Swab Submission Sheet
NAHMS ID:
6 digits
Date:
Kit #:
mm/dd/yy
1. Number of Tiger Top SST Tubes submitted?
Printed on labels
_________________________
0-25
2. Number of Purple Top EDTA Tubes submitted? _________________________
0-15
3. Number of Cotton Swabs submitted?
_________________________
0-25
38
BLOOD AND SWAB COLLECTION ITEMS OF NOTE
1. Both the blood box and the swabs will be shipped to NVSL in the BS kit box.
2. Please review the sampling guidelines for each biologic sample for this kit. Also,
please follow the collection instructions provided in the collection record for each
biologic sample collected. Here is a summary of those sampling instructions:
a. Serum (red-top blood tube) collection
• If collecting both tiger top and purple top blood tubes on the same sheep,
collect tiger top tubes first
• Sample from ewes at least 15 months of age
o If fewer than 20 ewes on the operation, sample all ewes on the
operation
o If 20-49 ewes on the operation, sample 20 ewes on the operation
o If 50 or more ewes on the operation, sample 25 ewes on the
operation
b. Blood (purple-top blood tube) collection
• Collect from the same sheep as the tiger top tops
• Match the sample number on the label to the tiger top tube
• Maximum 15 samples/operation
c. Interdigital Swab
• Use one swab sample for each ewe that had blood collected in a tiger top
blood tube.
• Match the number on the label to the blood tubes
• Take photographs with the iPad if any lameness or footrot is suspected
and submit the photograph with the digital collection form.
3. Only ewes that have serum (tiger top blood tube) collection will have the option to
have interdigital swab collection.
4. Producer reports with interdigital pathogen testing results will be sent to
Coordinators in a sealed envelope for distribution within 3 months of collection.
Examples of the Interdigital Pathogen Report can be found on the following pages.
39
National Animal Health Monitoring System
(NAHMS) Lameness Pathogen Report
Date of report:
ID:
Dear participant,
Thank you for participating in the lameness pathogen report testing portion of the NAHMS
Sheep 2024 Study. This report contains results of the interdigital swabs collected from sheep at
your operation. Please consider sharing these results with your veterinarian.
If you have questions about the accuracy of your results, please contact Dr. Alyson Wiedenheft,
the NAHMS biologics coordinator [email protected].
Background on Lameness Pathogens:
Lameness on a sheep operation can reduce both animal production and animal quality of life.
The lameness can be caused from infectious agents resulting as scald/interdigital dermatitis,
foot-rot, or contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD), or non-infectious agents resulting such
injury. Foot-rot is the main cause of lameness in sheep. It is important to identify the causes of
lameness in sheep to provide effective treatment and management.
Reported Results:
Interdigital swab samples collected from sheep on your operation were tested for pathogens of
the predominant hoof diseases (scald/interdigital dermatitis, foot-rot, or CODD) by established
PCR methods. The presence (positive) or absence (negative) of these pathogens on the swabs
will be reported at for each animal.
40
Individual Sheep Lameness Pathogen Test Results:
Sample Sheep
#
ID
Dichelobacter
spp.
1
2
3
4
5
6
negative
positive
negative
negative
negative
negative
Fusobacterium
spp.
negative
positive
negative
negative
negative
negative
Other
lameness
pathogens
negative
positive
negative
negative
negative
negative
Interpretation of results
Positive:
One or more of the sheep tested on your operation were found to have lameness pathogens in
their interdigital swab samples. You may want to share these results with your veterinarian so
that a treatment and lameness reduction plan can be made.
Negative: None of the sheep tested on your operation tested positive for lameness pathogens in
their interdigital swab samples. If your sheep are experiencing lameness, you may want to
share these results with your veterinarian.
41
Sheep 2024 Antibiotics Reference Card [Use same card for CER and Questionnaire]
Code
1
Antibiotic class
Sulfonamides
Antibiotics given in the drinking WATER- Section F, Question 5
Example antibiotics
Albon®,(Sulfadimethoxine soluble powder), Sulfadimethoxine 12.5% oral solution, Sulforal, Sulfasol soluble
powder, Di-Methox 12.5% oral solution, Di-Methox 12.5% soluble powder, SMZ-Med® 454 soluble powder,
Sulfa, Sulmet® solution, Sulmet® soluble powder
Aureomycyin®, A-Mycin, Chlortetracycline, Chloronex™, Aureomycin® Soluble Powder, Pennchlor® 64
soluble powder, Terramycin® soluble powder, Oxytetracycline HCL, Agrimycin®, Oxymycin, Oxytet 343,
Pennox® 343, Tetroxy® 343, Tetroxy® 25, Tetracycline soluble powder, Duramycin 10, Tetramycin, Tetrachel,
Tetramed® 324, Tet-Sol® 324, Tetrasol soluble powder
2
Tetracyclines
3
Other (specify: ________________)
Code
Antibiotic class
Antibiotics given in the FEED - Section F, Question 7
Example antibiotics
Aureomycyin®, Aueromycin® 50, Aueromycin® 4G crumbles, CTC 4G Crumbles, CTC 8G Crumbles, CTC 10G
Crumbles, Chlortetracycline Crumble
Neomycin
4
Tetracyclines
5
Aminoglycoside
7
Other (specify: ________________)
8
Other (specify: ________________)
PLEASE TURN OVER FOR OTHER ANTIBIOTICS
42
ORAL
BOLUS
Code Antibiotic class
9
10 Tetracyclines
11
DRENCH
12
13
14
15
16
INJECTABLE
17
18
19
20
21
21
TOPICAL/
Eyes
22
INTRAMAMMARY
USE FOR EWES ONLY
Sulfonamides
Antibiotics given for SPECIFIC TREATMENT
Example antibiotics
Supra Sulfa III bolus, Sustain III bolus, Albon
5/Way calf scour bolus, Calf Scour Bolus, Oxy 500 calf bolus, Terramycin scours tablets
Other (specify: ______________________)
Albon®,(Sulfadimethoxine soluble powder), Sulfadimethoxine 12.5% oral solution, Sulforal, Sulfasol
soluble powder, Di-Methox 12.5% oral solution, Di-Methox 12.5% soluble powder, SMZ-Med® 454
Sulfonamides
soluble powder, Sulfa, Sulmet® solution, Sulmet® soluble powder, SulfadiVed solution
Aureomycyin®, A-Mycin, Chlortetracycline, Chloronex™, Aureomycin® Soluble Powder, Pennchlor® 64
soluble powder, Terramycin® soluble powder, Oxytetracycline HCL, Agrimycin®, Oxymycin, Oxytet 343,
Tetracyclines
Pennox® 343, Tetroxy® 343, Tetroxy® 25, Tetracycline soluble powder, Duramycin 10, Tetramycin,
Tetrachel, Tetramed® 324, Tet-Sol® 324, Tetrasol soluble powder, TC Vet 324
Neomycin soluble powder, Neo-Sol® soluble, NeoMed® soluble, Neo-Sol® 50, Neo-Sol® Oral,
Aminoglycoside
Spectinomycin Oral, Spectam®, SpectoGard®
Lincosamides
Lincomycin soluble, LS-50, Lincomycin-spectinomycin soluble
Other (specify:__________)
Agri-Cillin, Bactracillin G, Norocillin, Pen-Aqueous, Penicillin Injectable, Penject, PenOne Pro, PenOne RWT,
Beta-lactams
Pro-Pen-G, Bactracillin G, BenzaPen 48, Combi-Pen-48, Dura-Pen, Penject+B, Aquacillin, Agri-cillin, Polyflex
Macrolides
Tylan 50 or 200, TyloVed, Micotil, Draxxin, ZACTRAN, Zuprevo
Cephalosporins
Ceftiflex, Excede, Excenel, Naxcel
Florfenicol
Loncor, ResflorGOLD, Norfenicol, Nuflor, NuflorGOLD
Sulfonamides
Di-Methox, Sulfabiotic, SulfaMed
300 PRO LA, Agrimycin 100 or 200, Bio-Mycin 200, Duramycin 72-200 or 100, Hexasol, Liquamycin LA-200,
Tetracyclines
Noromycin 300 LA, Oxybiotic 100 or 200, Oxytet 100 or 200, Terra-Vet 100 or 200, Vetrimycin 100 or 200
Aminoglycosides Gentamicin, , Gentocin, Gallimycin, Erythromycin
23 Other (specify_______________________)
Topical
Triple antibiotic ointment (neomycin, polymyxin B, bacitracin), Mupirocin
24
ointments
Eye drops/
Gentak/Genoptic eye drops, Terramycin ophthalmic ointment (oxytetracycline and polymyxin B), AKTob,
25
ointments
Tobrasol, Tobrex (tobramycin) ophthalmic ointment or solution,
26 Other (specify_______________________)
Lactating
Today® (cephaparin), Cefa-Lak® (cephapirin), Dariclox® (cloxacillin), Pirsue® (pirlimycin hydrochloride),
intramammary Masti-Clear™ (penicillin), Polymast™ (hetacillin potassium), Amoximast® (amoxicillin), Hetacin-K®
22
products
(hetacillin potassium), Spectramast® LC (ceftiofur hydrochloride)
Spectramast® DC (ceftiofur hydrochloride), Tomorrow® (cephapirin benzathine), Cefa-Dri (cephapirin
benzathine), Bovaclox™, Dry-Clox®, Dry-Clox® intramammary infusion, Orbenin®-DC (cloxacillin
Dry ewe
23
intramammary benzathine), Gallimycin-Dry (erythromycin), Biodry® (novobiocin), Vet Go Dry™/ Hanford’s US (penicillin
G procaine), Quartermaster® Dry Doe Treatment (penicillin G procaine/dihydrostreptomycin), Albadry
products
Plus® Suspension (penicillin G procaine/novobiocin)
24
Other (specify_______________________)
43
Sheep 2024 Anthelmintic Reference Card
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Code
Code
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
Trade Name
Agri-Mectin
Bimectin
Privermectin
Promectin B
Dectomax
Eprinex
Ivermax (BM)
Ivermax (FP)
Ivermax (NB)
Iver-On
Noromectin
Cydectin
POUR-ON ANTHELMINTICS
Active Ingredient
Ivermectin
Ivermectin
Ivermectin
Ivermectin
Doramectin
Eprinomectin
Ivermectin
Ivermectin
Ivermectin
Ivermectin
Ivermectin
Moxidectin
ORAL USE ANTHELMINTICS (Drench, Tube)
Trade Name
Active Ingredient
Safe-Guard Dewormer
Fenbendazole
Safe- Guard Dewormer for Beef & Dairy Fenbendazole
Cattle and Goats
Valbazen
Albendazole
Ivomec Drench for Sheep
Ivermectin
Privermectin Drench for Sheep
Ivermectin
Cydectin Oral Drench for Sheep
Moxidectin
Prohibit Soluble Drench Powder
Levamisole Hydrochloride
LevaMed Soluble Drench Powder
Levamisole Hydrochloride
Levasole Sheep Wormer Boluses
Levamisole Hydrochloride
Safe-Guard Beef and Dairy Cattle
Fenbendazole
Dewormer (290G)
Safe-Guard Horse & Cattle Dewormer
Fenbendazole
92 G Paste 10%
Panacur Beef & Cattle Dewormer
Fenbendazole
Panacur Equine & Cattle Dewormer (92
G) Paste 10 %
Panacur Cattle Dewormer Suspension
10%
Synanthic Bovine Dewormer Suspension
9.06%
Synanthic Bovine Dewormer Suspension
22.5%
Ivermectin Paste 1.87%
Paste Dewormer
Zimecterin 1.87%
Paste Dewormer for equids
Zimecterin Gold 1.55%
Paste Dewormer for equids
Quest Plus Gel Dewormer for equids
Safe- Guard Paste 10% for Horses
Pin-X
StrongidT
Avermectins
Avermectins
Avermectins
Avermectins
Avermectins
Avermectins
Avermectins
Avermectins
Avermectins
Avermectins
Avermectins
Avermectins
Class
Class
Benzimidazoles
Benzimidazoles
Benzimidazoles
Avermectins
Avermectins
Avermectins
Imidazothiazoles
Imidazothiazoles
Imidazothiazoles
Benzimidazoles
Benzimidazoles
Benzimidazoles
Fenbendazole
Benzimidazoles
Fenbendazole
Benzimidazoles
Oxfendazole
Benzimidazoles
Oxfendazole
Benzimidazoles
Ivermectin
Avermectin
Ivermectin
Avermectin
Ivermectin, Praziquantel
Avermectin,
Moxidectin, Praziquantel
Fenbendazole
Pyrantel Pamoate
Pyrantel Pamoate
Avermectin,
Benzimidazoles
Tetrahydropyrimidines
Tetrahydropyrimidines
1
44
INJECTABLE USE ANTHELMINTICS
Code
Trade Name
Active Ingredient
36
Alverin Plus Injection for Cattle
Ivermectin/ clorsulon
37
Agri-Mectin Injection for Cattle and Swine
Ivermectin
38
Agri-Mectin plus Clorsulon
Ivermectin/ clorsulon
39
40
41
42
43
Bimectin
Promectin Injection for Cattle and Swine
Dectomax
Ivermax 1% Injection
Ivermax Plus
Ivermectin
Ivermectin
Doramectin
Ivermectin
Ivermectin/ clorsulon
44
45
Noromectin Injection for Cattle and Swine
Noromectin Plus Injection for Cattle
Ivermectin
Ivermectin/ clorsulon
46
47
48
49
Cydectin Injectable Solution
Levasole Injectable Solution 13.65%
Ivomec 1% Subcutaneous Injection
Ivomec Plus 1% Subcutaneous Injection
Moxidectin
Levamisole phosphate
Ivermectin
Ivermecti/ clorsulon
(Ivomec+ Curatram)
Code
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
FEED USE ANTHELMINTICS
Trade Name
Active Ingredient
Goat Care 2x
Morantel Tartrate
Mor-Max Goat Dewormer
Morantel Tartrate
Positive Pellet
Morantel Tartrate
Rumatel 88
Morantel Tartrate
Safe-Guard Medicated Dewormer for Beef & Dairy
Fenbendazole
Cattle
Safe- Guard Dewormer 20%
Fenbendazole
SAFE-GUARD 20% Salt: Free-choice mineral
Fenbendazole
Class
Avermectins,
Benzenesulphnamides
Avermectins
Avermectins,
Benzenesulphnamides
Avermectins
Avermectins
Avermectins
Avermectins
Avermectins,
Benzenesulphnamides
Avermectins
Avermectins,
Benzenesulphnamides
Avermectins
Imidazorhiazoles
Avermectins
Avermectins,
Benzenesulphnamides
Class
Tetrahydropyrimidines
Tetrahydropyrimidines
Tetrahydropyrimidines
Tetrahydropyrimidines
Benzimidazoles
Benzimidazoles
Benzimidazoles
2
45
Sheep 2024 Breed Reference Card
Code
BREED
1
American Blackbelly
2
Code
BREED
25
Leicester Longwool
American Como
26
Lincoln
3
Barbados Blackbelly
27
Montadale
4
Black Welsh Mountain
28
Mottle-faced, brockle, or speckle-faced crossbred
5
Blueface Leicester
29
Navajo-Churro
6
Booroola Merino
30
Oxford
7
Border Leicester
31
Panama
8
California Red
32
Polypay
9
California Variegated Mutant (CVM)
33
Rambouillet
10
Columbia
34
Rideau Arcott
11
Coopworth
35
Romanov
12
Corriedale
36
Romney
13
Costwold
37
Shetland
14
Debouillet
38
Shropshire
15
Delaine-Merino
39
Southdown
16
Dorper
40
St. Froix
17
East Friesian
41
Suffolk
18
Finnsheep
42
Targhee
19
Hampshire
43
Tunis
20
Icelandic
44
Wensleydale
21
Jacob
45
Wiltshire Horn
22
Karakul
46
Other crossbred, specify
23
Katahdin
47
Other breed, specify
24
Lacaune
1
46
| File Type | application/pdf |
| Author | Wiedenheft, Alyson M - APHIS |
| File Modified | 2023-04-25 |
| File Created | 2023-04-25 |