50 CFR Part 16 Injurious Wildlife

50 CFR Part 16 (up to date as of 8/21/2023)
Injurious Wildlife

50 CFR Part 16 (Aug. 21, 2023)

This content is from the eCFR and is authoritative but unofficial.

Title 50 —Wildlife and Fisheries
Chapter I —United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior
Subchapter B —Taking, Possession, Transportation, Sale, Purchase, Barter, Exportation, and
Importation of Wildlife and Plants
Part 16 Injurious Wildlife
Subpart A Introduction
§ 16.1 Purpose of regulations.
§ 16.2 Scope of regulations.
§ 16.3 General restrictions.
Subpart B Importation or Shipment of Injurious Wildlife
§ 16.11 Importation of live wild mammals.
§ 16.12 Importation of live wild birds or their eggs.
§ 16.13 Importation of live or dead fish, mollusks, and crustaceans, or their eggs.
§ 16.14 Importation of live or dead amphibians or their eggs.
§ 16.15 Importation of live reptiles or their eggs.
Subpart C Permits
§ 16.22 Injurious wildlife permits.
Subpart D Additional Exemptions
§ 16.32 Importation by Federal agencies.
§ 16.33 Importation of natural-history specimens.

PART 16—INJURIOUS WILDLIFE
Authority: 18 U.S.C. 42.
Source: 39 FR 1169, Jan. 4, 1974, unless otherwise noted.

Subpart A—Introduction
§ 16.1 Purpose of regulations.
The regulations contained in this part implement the Lacey Act (18 U.S.C. 42).

§ 16.2 Scope of regulations.
The provisions of this part are in addition to, and are not in lieu of, other regulations of this subchapter B which may
require a permit or prescribe additional restrictions or conditions for the importation, exportation, and interstate
transportation of wildlife (see also part 13).

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§ 16.3 General restrictions.
Any importation or transportation of live wildlife or eggs thereof, or dead fish or eggs or salmonids of the fish family
Salmonidae into the United States or its territories or possessions is deemed to be injurious or potentially injurious
to the health and welfare of human beings, to the interest of forestry, agriculture, and horticulture, and to the welfare
and survival of the wildlife or wildlife resources of the United States; and any such importation into or the
transportation of live wildlife or eggs thereof between the continental United States, the District of Columbia,
Hawaii, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any territory or possession of the United States by any means
whatsoever, is prohibited except for certain purposes and under certain conditions as hereinafter provided in this
part: Provided, That the provisions of this section shall not apply to psittacine birds (see also §§ 16.32 and 16.33 for
other exemptions).

Subpart B—Importation or Shipment of Injurious Wildlife
§ 16.11 Importation of live wild mammals.
(a) The importation, transportation, or acquisition is prohibited of live specimens of:
(1) Any species of so-called “flying fox” or fruit bat of the genus Pteropus;
(2) any species of mongoose or meerkat of the genera Atilax, Cynictis, Helogale, Herpestes, Ichneumia,
Mungos, and Suricata;
(3) any species of European rabbit of the genus Oryctolagus;
(4) any species of Indian wild dog, red dog, or dhole of the genus Cuon;
(5) any species of multimammate rat or mouse of the genus Mastomys;
(6) any raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides; and
(7) any brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula: Provided, that the Director shall issue permits
authorizing the importation, transportation, and possession of such mammals under the terms and
conditions set forth in § 16.22.
(b) Upon the filing of a written declaration with the District Director of Customs at the port of entry as required
under § 14.61, all other species of live wild mammals may be imported, transported, and possessed in
captivity, without a permit, for scientific, medical, educational, exhibition, or propagating purposes, but no
such live wild mammals or any progeny thereof may be released into the wild except by the State wildlife
conservation agency having jurisdiction over the area of release or by persons having prior written
permission for release from such agency: Provided, That the provisions of this paragraph shall not apply
to live game mammals from Mexico, the importation of which is governed by regulations under part 14 of
this chapter.
[39 FR 1169, Jan. 4, 1974, as amended at 47 FR 56362, Dec. 16, 1982; 67 FR 39868, June 11, 2002]

§ 16.12 Importation of live wild birds or their eggs.
(a) The importation, transportation, or acquisition is prohibited of any live specimen or egg of
(1) the species of so-called “pink starling” or “rosy pastor” Sturnus roseus;
(2) the species of dioch (including the subspecies black-fronted, red-billed, or Sudan dioch) Quelea
quelea;
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(3) any species of Java sparrow, Padda oryzivora;
(4) the species of red-whiskered bul-bul, Pycnonotus jocosus: Provided, That the Director shall issue
permits authorizing the importation, transportation, and possession of such live birds under the
terms and conditions set forth in § 16.22.
(b) Upon the filing of a written declaration with the District Director of Customs at the port of entry as required
under § 14.61, all species of live wild game, birds may be imported, transported, and possessed in
captivity, without a permit, for scientific, medical, educational, exhibition, or propagating purposes, and the
eggs of such birds may be imported, transported, and possessed, without a permit, for propagating or
scientific collection purposes, but no such live wild game birds or any progeny thereof may be released
into the wild except by the State wildlife conservation agency having jurisdiction over the area of release
or by persons having prior written permission for release from such agency.
(c) Upon the filing of a written declaration with the District Director of Customs at the port of entry as required
under § 14.61, all species of live, wild nongame birds (other than those listed in paragraph (a) of this
section) may be imported, transported, and possessed in captivity, without a permit, for scientific,
medical, educational, exhibition, or propagating purposes, but no such live, wild nongame birds or any
progeny thereof may be released into the wild except by or under the direction of State wildlife
conservation agencies when such agencies have received prior written permission from the Director for
such release: Provided, That the provisions of this paragraph shall not apply to live bald and golden eagles
or to live migratory birds, the importation of which is governed by regulations under parts 22 and 21 of
this chapter, respectively, or to birds of the Family Psittacidae (parrots, macaws, cockatoos, parakeets,
lories, lovebirds, etc.), the importation and transportation of which is governed by U.S. Public Health
Service regulations under 42 CFR parts 71 and 72.
(d) The importation of the eggs of wild nongame birds is prohibited except as permitted under § 16.33.

§ 16.13 Importation of live or dead fish, mollusks, and crustaceans, or their eggs.
(a) Upon an exporter filing a written declaration with the District Director of Customs at the port of entry as
required under § 14.61 of this chapter, live or dead fish, mollusks, and crustaceans, or parts thereof, or
their gametes or fertilized eggs, may be imported, transported, and possessed in captivity without a
permit except as follows:
(1) No such live fish, mollusks, crustacean, or any progency or eggs thereof may be released into the
wild except by the State wildlife conservation agency having jurisdiction over the area of release or
by persons having prior written permission from such agency.
(2) The importation, transportation, or acquisition of any of the species listed in this paragraph is
prohibited except as provided under the terms and conditions set forth in § 16.22:
(i)

Live fish or viable eggs of walking catfish, family Clariidae.

(ii) Live mitten crabs, genus Eriocheir, or their viable eggs.
(iii) Live mollusks, veligers, or viable eggs of zebra mussels, genus Dreissena.
(iv) Any live fish or viable eggs of snakehead fishes of the genera Channa and Parachanna (or their
generic synonyms of Bostrychoides, Ophicephalus, Ophiocephalus, and Parophiocephalus) of
the Family Channidae, including but not limited to:
(A) Channa amphibeus (Chel or Borna snakehead).
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(B) Channa argus (Northern or Amur snakehead).
(C) Channa asiatica (Chinese or Northern Green snakehead).
(D) Channa aurantimaculata.
(E) Channa bankanensis (Bangka snakehead).
(F) Channa baramensis (Baram snakehead).
(G) Channa barca (barca or tiger snakehead).
(H) Channa bleheri (rainbow or jewel snakehead).
(I)

Channa cyanospilos (bluespotted snakehead).

(J) Channa gachua (dwarf, gaucha, or frog snakehead).
(K) Channa harcourtbutleri (Inle snakehead).
(L) Channa lucius (shiny or splendid snakehead).
(M) Channa maculata (blotched snakehead).
(N) Channa marulius (bullseye, murrel, Indian, great, or cobra snakehead).
(O) Channa maruloides (emperor snakehead).
(P) Channa melanoptera.
(Q) Channa melasoma (black snakehead).
(R) Channa micropeltes (giant, red, or redline snakehead).
(S) Channa nox.
(T) Channa orientalis (Ceylon or Ceylonese Green snakehead).
(U) Channa panaw.
(V) Channa pleurophthalmus (ocellated, spotted, or eyespot snakehead).
(W) Channa punctata (dotted or spotted snakehead).
(X) Channa stewartii (golden snakehead).
(Y) Channa striata (chevron or striped snakehead).
(Z) Parachanna africana (Niger or African snakehead).
(AA) Parachanna insignis (Congo, square-spotted African or light African snakehead).
(BB) Parachanna obscura (dark African, dusky, or square-spotted snakehead).
(v) Any live fish, gametes, viable eggs, or hybrids of the following species in family Cyprinidae:
(A) Carassius carassius (crucian carp).
(B) Carassius gibelio (Prussian carp).
(C) Hypophthalmichthys harmandi (largescale silver carp).
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(D) Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp).
(E) Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (bighead carp).
(F) Mylopharyngodon piceus (black carp).
(G) Phoxinus phoxinus (Eurasian minnow).
(H) Pseudorasbora parva (stone moroko).
(I)

Rutilus rutilus (roach).

(vi) Any live fish, gametes, viable eggs, or hybrids of Lates niloticus (Nile perch), family
Centropomidae.
(vii) Any live fish, gametes, viable eggs, or hybrids of Perccottus glenii (Amur sleeper), family
Odontobutidae.
(viii) Any live fish, gametes, viable eggs, or hybrids of the following species in family Percidae:
(A) Perca fluviatilis (European perch).
(B) Sander lucioperca (zander).
(ix) Any live fish, gametes, viable eggs, or hybrids of Silurus glanis (wels catfish), family Siluridae.
(x) Any live crustacean, gametes, viable eggs, or hybrids of Cherax destructor (common yabby),
family Parastacidae.
(3) Notwithstanding § 16.32, all Federal agencies shall be subject to the requirements stated within this
section. Live or dead uneviscerated salmonid fish (family Salmonidae), live fertilized eggs, or
gametes of salmonid fish are prohibited entry into the United States for any purpose except by direct
shipment accompanied by a certification that: as defined in paragraph (e)(1) of this section, the fish
lots, from which the shipments originated, have been sampled; virus assays have been conducted on
the samples according to methods described in paragraphs (e)(2) through (4); of this section; and
Oncorhynchus masou virus and the viruses causing viral hemorrhagic septicemia, infectious
hematopoietic necrosis, and infectious pancreatic necrosis have not been detected in the fish stocks
from which the samples were taken. In addition, live salmonid fish can be imported into the United
States only upon written approval from the Director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
(4) All live fish eggs of salmonid fish must be disinfected within 24 hours prior to shipment to the United
States. Disinfection shall be accomplished by immersion for 15 minutes in a 75 part per million
(titratable active iodine) non-detergent solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (iodophor) buffered to
a pH of 6.0 to 7.0. Following disinfection, the eggs shall be rinsed and maintained in water free of
fish pathogens until packed and shipped. Any ice or water used for shipping shall be from pathogenfree water.
(b)
(1) The certification to accompany importations as required by this section shall consist of a statement
in the English language, printed or typewritten, stating that this shipment of dead uneviscerated
salmonid fish, live salmonid fish, or live, disinfected fertilized eggs or gametes of salmonid fish has
been tested, by the methods outlined in this section, and none of the listed viruses were detected.
The certification shall be signed in the country of origin by a qualified fish pathologist designated as
a certifying official by the Director.
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(2) The certification must contain:
(i)

The date and port of export in the country of origin and the anticipated date of arrival in the
United States and port of entry;

(ii) Surface vessel name or number or air carrier and flight number;
(iii) Bill of lading number or airway bill number;
(iv) The date and location where fish, tissue, or fluid samples were collected;
(v) The date and location where virus assays were completed; and
(vi) The original handwritten signature, in ink, of the certifying official and his or her address and
telephone number.
(3) Certification may be substantially in the following form:
I, ____, designated by the Director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on ____ (date), as a certifying official
for ____ (country), as required by Title 50, CFR 16.13, do hereby certify that the fish lot(s) of origin for this
shipment of ____ (weight in kilograms) dead uneviscerated salmonid fish, live salmonid fish, live salmonid
fish eggs disinfected as described in § 16.13, or live salmonid gametes to be shipped under ____ (bill of
lading number or airway bill number), were sampled at ____ (location of fish facility) on ____ (sampling
date) and the required viral assays were completed on ____ (date assays were completed) at ____ (location
where assays were conducted) using the methodology described in § 16.13. I further certify that
Oncorhynchus masou virus and the viruses causing viral hemorrhagic septicemia, infectious
hematopoietic necrosis, and infectious pancreatic necrosis have not been detected in viral assays of the
fish lot(s) of origin.
The shipment is scheduled to depart ____ (city and country) on ____ (date), via ____ (name of carrier) with
anticipated arrival at the port of ____ (city), U.S.A., on ____ (date).

(Signature in ink of certifying official)

(Printed name of certifying official)
Date:
Organization employing certifying official:
Mailing address:
City:
State/Province:
Zip Code/Mail Code:
Country:
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Office telephone number: International code
Telephone number
Fax number
(c) Nothing in this part shall restrict the importation and transportation of dead salmonid fish when such fish
have been eviscerated (all internal organs removed, gills may remain) or filleted or when such fish or eggs
have been processed by canning, pickling, smoking, or otherwise prepared in a manner whereby the
Oncorhynchus masou virus and the viruses causing viral hemorrhagic septicemia, infectious
hematopoietic necrosis, and infectious pancreatic necrosis have been killed.
(d) Any fish caught in the wild in North America under a valid sport or commercial fishing license shall be
exempt from sampling and certification requirements and from filing the Declaration for Importation of
Wildlife. The Director may enter into formal agreements allowing the importation of gametes, fertilized
eggs, live fish, or dead, uneviscerated fish without inspection and certification of pathogen status, if the
exporting Nation has an acceptable program of inspection and pathogen control in operation, can
document the occurrence and distribution of fish pathogens within its boundaries, and can demonstrate
that importation of salmonid fishes into the United States from that National will not pose a substantial
risk to the public and private fish stocks of the United States.
(e) Fish sampling requirements, sample processing, and methods for virus assays —
(1) Fish sampling requirements.
(i)

Sampling for virus assays required by this section must be conducted within the six (6) months
prior to the date of shipment of dead uneviscerated salmonid fish, live salmonid fish, live
salmonid eggs, or salmonid gametes to the United States. Sampling shall be on a lot-by-lot
basis with the samples from each lot distinctively marked, maintained, and processed for virus
assay separately. A fish lot is defined as a group of fish of the same species and age that
originated from the same discrete spawning population and that always have shared a
common water supply. In the case of adult broodstock, various age groups of the same fish
species may be sampled as a single lot, provided they meet the other conditions previously
stated and have shared the same container(s) for at least 1 year prior to the sampling date.

(ii) In a sample, or sub-sample of a given lot, collection of 10 or more moribund fish shall be given
first preference. The remainder of fish required for collection shall be randomly selected live
fish from all containers occupied by the lot being sampled. Moribund fish shall be collected and
processed separately from randomly selected fish. In the event the sample is taken from adult
broodstock of different ages that share the same container, first preference shall be given to
collecting samples from the older fish.
(iii) The minimum sample numbers collected from each lot must be in accordance with a plan that
provides 95 percent confidence that at least one fish, with a detectable level of infection, will be
collected and will be present in the sample if the assumed minimum prevalence of infection
equals or exceeds 2 percent. A total of 150 fish collected proportionately from among all
containers shared by the lot usually meets this requirement. A sampling strategy based on a
presumed pathogen prevalence of 5 percent (60 fish) may be used to meet sampling
requirements for shipments of gametes, fertilized eggs, or uneviscerated dead fish; provided
that in the previous 2 years no disease outbreaks caused by a pathogen of concern have
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occurred at the facility from which the shipment originated and all stocks held at the facility
have been inspected at least four times during that period (at intervals of approximately 6
months) and no pathogens of concern detected.
(iv) Fish must be alive when collected and processed within 48 hours after collection. Tissue and
fluid samples shall be stored in sealed, aseptic containers and kept at 4 °Celsius (C.) or on ice
but not frozen.
(v) Tissue collection shall be as follows:
(A) Sac Fry and fry to 4 centimeter (cm): Assay entire fish. If present, remove the yolk sac.
(B) Fish 4–6 cm: Assay entire visceral mass including kidney.
(C) Fish longer than 6 cm: Assay kidney and spleen in approximately equal weight proportions.
(D) Spawning adult broodstock: Assay kidney and spleen tissues from males and/or females
and ovarian fluid from females. Ovarian fluid may comprise up to 50 percent of the
samples collected.
(2) General sample processing requirements.
(i)

Ovarian fluid samples shall be collected from each spawning female separately. All samples
from individual fish shall be measured to ensure that similar quantities from each fish are
combined if samples are pooled. Ovarian fluid samples from no more than five fish may be
combined to form a pool.

(ii) Whole fry (less yolk sacs), viscera, and kidney and spleen tissues from no more than five fish
may be similarly pooled.
(iii) Antibiotics and antifungal agents may be added to ovarian fluid or tissue samples to control
microbial contaminant growth at the time of sample collection. Final concentrations shall not
exceed 200–500 micrograms/milliliter (µg/ml) of Gentamycin, 800 international units/milliliter
(IU/ml) of penicillin, or 800 µg/ml of streptomycin. Antifungal agent concentrations should not
exceed 200 IU/ml of mycostatin (Nystatin) of 20 µg/ml of amphotericin B (Fungizone).
(iv) Sample temperature must be maintained between 4 at 15 °C. during processing. Use separate
sets of sterile homogenization and processing equipment to process fluids or tissues from
each fish lot sampled. Processing equipment need not be sterilized between samples within a
single lot.
(v) Homogenized tissue samples may be diluted 1:10 with buffered cell culture medium (pH
7.4–7.8) containing antibiotics and antifungal agents not exceeding the concentrations
described in paragraph (e)(2)(iii) of this section. Centrifuge tissue suspensions and ovarian
fluid samples 4 °C. at 2,500 × gravity (g) (relative centrifugal force) for 15 minutes. Resulting
supernatant solutions can be stored overnight at 4 °C.
(vi) At the time of inoculation onto cell cultures, total dilution of processed tissue samples must not
exceed 1:100 ((volume to volume) (v/v)); total dilution of ovarian fluid samples must not exceed
1:20 (v/v). In samples inoculated onto cell cultures, the final antibiotic concentration shall not
exceed 100 µg/ml of Gentamicin, 100 IU/ml of penicillin, or 100 µg/ml of streptomycin and
antifungal agent concentrations should not exceed 25 IU/ml of mycostatin (Nystatin) or 2.5 µg/
ml of amphotericin B (Fungizone).
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(3) Cell culture procedures.
(i)

Both epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) and chinook salmon embryo (CHSE–214) cell lines
must be maintained and used in all virus assays. Susceptible, normal appearing, and rapidly
dividing cell cultures shall be selected. Penicillin (100 IU/ml), streptomycin (100 µg/ml), and
antifungal agents, such as mycostatin/Nystatin (25 IU/ml) or amphotericin B/Fungizone (2.5
µg/ml), are permitted in media used for cell culture and virus assay work.

(ii) Cell cultures shall be seeded and grown, at optimum temperatures, to 80–90 percent
confluence in 24-well plates for virus assay work.
(iii) Decant the medium from the required number of 24-well plates of each cell line, and inoculate
four replicate wells per cell line with .10 ml per well of each processed sample. When all wells
have been inoculated, tilt plates to spread the inocula evenly. Incubate inoculated plates for 1
hour at 15 °C. for sample contact. After the 1 hour contact add cell culture medium. Medium
shall be buffered or cells incubated so that a pH between 7.4 and 7.8 is maintained. All cell
culture assays shall be incubated, without overlays, at 15 °C. for 21 days.
(4) Virus identification by serological methods. All cell cultures showing cytopathic effects (CPE) must
be sub-cultured onto fresh cell cultures. If CPE is observed, determine the presence and identity the
virus by serum neutralization, dot blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, or other equivalent
serological technique.
(f) Information concerning the importation requirements of this section and application requirements for
designation as a certifying official for purposes of this section may be obtained by contacting the Division
of Fish and Aquatic Conservation Programs at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b) or by telephone at
703–358–1878.
(g) The information collection requirements contained in this part have been approved by the Office of
Management and Budget under 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. and assigned clearance number 1018–0078. The
information is being collected to inform U.S. Customs and USFWS inspectors of the contents, origin,
routing, and destination of fish and eggs shipments and to certify that the fish lots were inspected for
listed pathogens. The information will be used to protect the health of the fishery resource. Response is
required to obtain a benefit.
[58 FR 58979, Nov. 5, 1993, as amended at 65 FR 37063, June 13, 2000; 67 FR 62203, Oct. 4, 2002; 72 FR 37469, July 10, 2007; 72
FR 59035, Oct. 18, 2007; 76 FR 15858, Mar. 22, 2011; 79 FR 43964, July 29, 2014; 81 FR 67899, Sept. 30, 2016]

§ 16.14 Importation of live or dead amphibians or their eggs.
(a) The importation, transportation, or acquisition of any live or dead specimen, including parts, but not eggs
or gametes, of the genera Chioglossa, Cynops, Euproctus, Hydromantes, Hynobius, Ichthyosaura,
Lissotriton, Neurergus, Notophthalmus, Onychodactylus, Paramesotriton, Plethodon, Pleurodeles,
Salamandra, Salamandrella, Salamandrina, Siren, Taricha, Triturus, and Tylototriton, including but not
limited to, the species listed in this paragraph, is prohibited except as provided under the terms and
conditions set forth at § 16.22 of this part:
(1) Chioglossa lusitanica (golden striped salamander).
(2) Cynops chenggongensis (Chenggong fire-bellied newt).
(3) Cynops cyanurus (blue-tailed fire-bellied newt).
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(4) Cynops ensicauda (sword-tailed newt).
(5) Cynops fudingensis (Fuding fire-bellied newt).
(6) Cynops glaucus (bluish grey newt, Huilan Rongyuan).
(7) Cynops orientalis (Oriental fire belly newt, Oriental fire-bellied newt).
(8) Cynops orphicus (no common name).
(9) Cynops pyrrhogaster (Japanese newt, Japanese fire-bellied newt).
(10) Cynops wolterstorffi (Kunming Lake newt).
(11) Euproctus montanus (Corsican brook salamander).
(12) Euproctus platycephalus (Sardinian brook salamander).
(13) Hydromantes ambrosii (Ambrosi salamander).
(14) Hydromantes brunus (limestone salamander).
(15) Hydromantes flavus (Mount Albo cave salamander).
(16) Hydromantes genei (Sardinian cave salamander).
(17) Hydromantes imperialis (imperial cave salamander).
(18) Hydromantes italicus (Italian cave salamander).
(19) Hydromantes platycephalus (Mount Lyell salamander).
(20) Hydromantes sarrabusensis (no common name).
(21) Hydromantes shastae (Shasta salamander).
(22) Hydromantes strinatii or Speleomantes strinatii (French cave salamander, Strinati's cave
salamander).
(23) Hydromantes supramontis (Supramonte cave salamander).
(24) Hynobius abei (Abe's salamander).
(25) Hynobius amakusaensis (Amakusa-sanshouo).
(26) Hynobius amjiensis (Anji salamander).
(27) Hynobius arisanensis (Arisan hynobid).
(28) Hynobius boulengeri (Odaigahara salamander).
(29) Hynobius chinensis (Chinese salamander).
(30) Hynobius dunni (Oita salamander).
(31) Hynobius formosanus (Taiwan salamander).
(32) Hynobius fucus or Hynobius fuca (Taiwan lesser salamander).
(33) Hynobius glacialis (Nanhu salamander).
(34) Hynobius guabangshanensis (no common name).
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(35) Hynobius hidamontanus (Hakuba salamander).
(36) Hynobius hirosei (no common name).
(37) Hynobius katoi (Akaishi sansho-uo).
(38) Hynobius kimurae (Hida salamander).
(39) Hynobius leechii (northeastern China hynobiid salamander).
(40) Hynobius lichenatus (northeast salamander).
(41) Hynobius maoershanensis (no common name).
(42) Hynobius naevius (blotched salamander).
(43) Hynobius nebulosus (misty salamander).
(44) Hynobius nigrescens (black salamander).
(45) Hynobius okiensis (Oki salamander).
(46) Hynobius osumiensis (Osumi-sanshouo).
(47) Hynobius quelpaertensis (no common name).
(48) Hynobius retardatus (Hokkaido salamander).
(49) Hynobius shinichisatoi (Sobo-sanshouo).
(50) Hynobius sonani (Sonan's hynobiid).
(51) Hynobius stejnegeri (Bekko Sansho-uo).
(52) Hynobius takedai (Hokuriku Sansho-uo).
(53) Hynobius tokyoensis (Tokyo salamander).
(54) Hynobius tsuensis (Tsushima Sansho-uo).
(55) Hynobius turkestanicus (Turkestanian salamander).
(56) Hynobius yangi (no common name).
(57) Hynobius yatsui (no common name).
(58) Hynobius yiwuensis (Yiwu hynobiid).
(59) Ichthyosaura alpestris (alpine newt).
(60) Lissotriton boscai (Bosca's newt).
(61) Lissotriton helveticus (palmate newt).
(62) Lissotriton italicus (Italian newt).
(63) Lissotriton kosswigi (Triton pontue de Kosswig).
(64) Lissotriton lantzi (no common name).
(65) Lissotriton montandoni (Carpathian newt).
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50 CFR 16.14(a)(66)

(66) Lissotriton vulgaris (smooth newt).
(67) Neurergus crocatus (no common name).
(68) Neurergus derjugini or Neurergus microspilotus (Kurdistan newt).
(69) Neurergus kaiseri (Lorestan newt, Luristan newt, emperor spotted newt, Zagros newt, Iranian
harlequin newt, kaiser newt).
(70) Neurergus strauchii (no common name).
(71) Notophthalmus meridionalis (black-spotted newt).
(72) Notophthalmus perstriatus (striped newt).
(73) Notophthalmus viridescens (eastern newt).
(74) Onychodactylus fischeri (long-tailed clawed salamander).
(75) Onychodactylus fuscus (Tadami clawed salamander).
(76) Onychodactylus intermedius (Bandai clawed salamander).
(77) Onychodactylus japonicus (Japanese clawed salamander).
(78) Onychodactylus kinneburi (Shikoku clawed salamander).
(79) Onychodactylus koreanus (Korai-Sansyouo).
(80) Onychodactylus nipponoborealis (Riben Bei Zhaoni).
(81) Onychodactylus tsukubaensis (Tsukuba clawed salamander).
(82) Onychodactylus zhangyapingi (Jilin Zhaoni).
(83) Onychodactylus zhaoermii (Liaoning).
(84) Paramesotriton caudopunctatus (spot-tailed warty newt).
(85) Paramesotriton chinensis (Chinese warty newt).
(86) Paramesotriton deloustali (no common name).
(87) Paramesotriton fuzhongensis (no common name).
(88) Paramesotriton guanxiensis (Guangxi warty newt).
(89) Paramesotriton hongkongensis (no common name).
(90) Paramesotriton labiatus (spotless stout newt).
(91) Paramesotriton longliensis (no common name).
(92) Paramesotriton maolanensis (no common name).
(93) Paramesotriton qixilingensis (no common name).
(94) Paramesotriton wulingensis (no common name).
(95) Paramesotriton yunwuensis (no common name).
(96) Paramesotriton zhijinensis (no common name).
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50 CFR 16.14(a)(97)

(97) Plethodon ainsworthi (Catahoula salamander, bay springs salamander).
(98) Plethodon albagula (western slimy salamander).
(99) Plethodon amplus (Blue Ridge gray-cheeked salamander).
(100) Plethodon angusticlavius (Ozark salamander, Ozark zigzag salamander).
(101) Plethodon asupak (Scott Bar salamander).
(102) Plethodon aureolus (Tellico salamander).
(103) Plethodon caddoensis (Caddo Mountain salamander).
(104) Plethodon chattahoochee (Chattahoochee slimy salamander).
(105) Plethodon cheoah (Cheoah bald salamander).
(106) Plethodon chlorobryonis (Atlantic Coast slimy salamander).
(107) Plethodon cinereus (eastern red-backed salamander, redback salamander, salamandre rayée, redbacked salamander).
(108) Plethodon cylindraceus (white-spotted slimy salamander).
(109) Plethodon dorsalis (zigzag salamander, northern zigzag salamander).
(110) Plethodon dunni (Dunn's salamander).
(111) Plethodon electromorphus (northern ravine salamander).
(112) Plethodon elongatus (Del Norte salamander).
(113) Plethodon fourchensis (Fourche Mountain salamander).
(114) Plethodon glutinosus (slimy salamander, northern slimy salamander).
(115) Plethodon grobmani (southeastern slimy salamander).
(116) Plethodon hoffmani (valley and ridge salamander).
(117) Plethodon hubrichti (Peaks of Otter salamander).
(118) Plethodon idahoensis (Coeur d'Alene salamander).
(119) Plethodon jordani (Appalachian salamander, red-cheeked salamander, Jordan's salamander).
(120) Plethodon kentucki (Kentucky salamander, Cumberland Plateau salamander).
(121) Plethodon kiamichi (Kiamichi slimy salamander).
(122) Plethodon kisatchie (Louisiana slimy salamander).
(123) Plethodon larselli (Larch Mountain salamander).
(124) Plethodon meridianus (South Mountain gray-cheeked salamander, southern gray-cheeked
salamander).
(125) Plethodon metcalfi (southern gray-cheeked salamander).
(126) Plethodon mississippi (Mississippi slimy salamander).
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50 CFR 16.14(a)(127)

(127) Plethodon montanus (northern gray-cheeked salamander).
(128) Plethodon neomexicanus (Jemez Mountains salamander).
(129) Plethodon nettingi (Cheat Mountain salamander).
(130) Plethodon ocmulgee (Ocmulgee slimy salamander).
(131) Plethodon ouachitae (Rich Mountain salamander).
(132) Plethodon petraeus (Pigeon Mountain salamander).
(133) Plethodon punctatus (white-spotted salamander, cow knob salamander).
(134) Plethodon richmondi (southern ravine salamander, ravine salamander).
(135) Plethodon savannah (Savannah slimy salamander).
(136) Plethodon sequoyah (Sequoyah slimy salamander).
(137) Plethodon serratus (southern red-backed salamander).
(138) Plethodon shenandoah (Shenandoah salamander).
(139) Plethodon sherando (Big Levels salamander).
(140) Plethodon shermani (red-legged salamander).
(141) Plethodon stormi (Siskiyou Mountains salamander).
(142) Plethodon teyahalee (Southern Appalachian salamander).
(143) Plethodon vandykei (Van Dyke's salamander).
(144) Plethodon variolatus (South Carolina slimy salamander).
(145) Plethodon vehiculum (western red-backed salamander).
(146) Plethodon ventralis (southern zigzag salamander).
(147) Plethodon virginia (Shenandoah Mountain salamander).
(148) Plethodon websteri (Webster's salamander).
(149) Plethodon wehrlei (Wehrle's salamander).
(150) Plethodon welleri (Weller's salamander).
(151) Plethodon yonahlossee (Yonahlossee salamander).
(152) Pleurodeles nebulosus (no common name).
(153) Pleurodeles poireti (Algerian newt).
(154) Pleurodeles waltl (Spanish newt).
(155) Salamandra algira (Algerian salamander).
(156) Salamandra atra (alpine salamander).
(157) Salamandra corsica (Corsican fire salamander).
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50 CFR 16.14(a)(158)

(158) Salamandra infraimmaculata (no common name).
(159) Salamandra lanzai (Lanza's alpine salamander, Salamandra di Lanza).
(160) Salamandra salamandra (fire salamander).
(161) Salamandrella keyserlingii (Siberian newt).
(162) Salamandrella tridactyla (no common name).
(163) Salamandrina perspicillata (northern spectacled salamander).
(164) Salamandrina terdigitata (southern spectacled salamander).
(165) Siren intermedia (lesser siren).
(166) Siren lacertina (greater siren).
(167) Taricha granulosa (rough-skinned newt).
(168) Taricha rivularis (red-bellied newt).
(169) Taricha sierrae (Sierra newt).
(170) Taricha torosa (California newt).
(171) Triturus carnifex (Italian crested newt).
(172) Triturus cristatus (great crested newt).
(173) Triturus dobrogicus (Danube crested newt).
(174) Triturus hongkongensis (no common name)
(175) Triturus ivanbureschi (Balkan-Anatolian crested newt, Buresch's crested newt).
(176) Triturus karelinii (Southern crested newt).
(177) Triturus macedonicus (no common name).
(178) Triturus marmoratus (marbled newt).
(179) Triturus pygmaeus (pygmy marbled newt).
(180) Triturus vittatus (no common name).
(181) Tylototriton anguliceps (angular-headed newt).
(182) Tylototriton asperrimus (black knobby newt).
(183) Tylototriton broadoridgus (no common name).
(184) Tylototriton dabienicus (no common name).
(185) Tylototriton daweishanensis (no common name).
(186) Tylototriton hainanensis (Hainan knobby newt).
(187) Tylototriton kweichowensis (red-tailed knobby newt).
(188) Tylototriton liuyangensis (no common name).
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50 CFR 16.14(a)(189)

(189) Tylototriton lizhenchangi (Mangshan crocodile newt).
(190) Tylototriton notialis (no common name).
(191) Tylototriton panhai (no common name).
(192) Tylototriton pseudoverrucosus (southern Sichuan crocodile newt).
(193) Tylototriton shanjing (Yunnan newt).
(194) Tylototriton shanorum (no common name).
(195) Tylototriton taliangensis (Thailand newt).
(196) Tylototriton uyenoi (no common name).
(197) Tylototriton verrucosus (Himalayan newt).
(198) Tylototriton vietnamensis (no common name).
(199) Tylototriton wenxianensis (Wenxian knobby newt).
(200) Tylototriton yangi (Tiannan crocodile newt).
(201) Tylototriton ziegleri (Ziegler's crocodile newt).
(b) Upon the filing of a written declaration with the District Director of Customs at the port of entry as required
under § 14.61 of this chapter, all other species of amphibians may be imported, transported, and
possessed in captivity, without a permit, for scientific, medical, education, exhibition, or propagating
purposes, but no such amphibians or any progeny or eggs thereof may be released into the wild except by
the State wildlife conservation agency having jurisdiction over the area of release or by persons having
prior written permission for release from such agency.
[81 FR 1554, Jan. 13, 2016]

§ 16.15 Importation of live reptiles or their eggs.
(a) The importation, transportation, or acquisition of any live specimen, gamete, viable egg, or hybrid of the
species listed in this paragraph is prohibited except as provided under the terms and conditions set forth
at § 16.22:
(1) Boiga irregulari s (brown tree snake).
(2) Python molurus (including P. molurus molurus (Indian python) and P. molurus bivittatus (Burmese
python)).
(3) Python reticulatus, Broghammerus reticulatus, or Malayopython reticulatus (reticulated python).
(4) Python sebae (Northern African python or African rock python).
(5) Python natalensis (Southern African python or African rock python).
(6) Eunectes notaeus (yellow anaconda).
(7) Eunectes deschauenseei (DeSchauensee's anaconda).
(8) Eunectes murinus (green anaconda).

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50 CFR 16.15(a)(9)

(9) Eunectes beniensis (Beni anaconda).
(b) Upon the filing of a written declaration with the District Director of Customs at the port of entry as required
under § 14.61, all other species of live reptiles or their eggs may be imported, transported, and possessed
in captivity, without a permit, for scientific, medical, educational, exhibitional or propagating purposes, but
no such live reptiles or any progency or eggs thereof may be released into the wild except by the State
wildlife conservation agency having jurisdiction over the area of release or by persons having prior written
permission for release from such agency.
[55 FR 17441, Apr. 25, 1990, as amended at 77 FR 3366, Jan. 23, 2012; 80 FR 12745, Mar. 10, 2015]

Subpart C—Permits
§ 16.22 Injurious wildlife permits.
The Director may, upon receipt of an application and in accordance with the issuance criteria of this section, issue a
permit authorizing the importation into or shipment between the continental United States, the District of Columbia,
Hawaii, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any possession of the United States of injurious wildlife (See subpart
B of this part) for zoological, educational, medical, or scientific purposes.
(a) Application requirements. Submit applications for permits to import, transport, or acquire injurious wildlife
for such purposes to the attention of the Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, at the address listed for
the Division of Management Authority at 50 CFR 2.1(b). Submit applications in writing on a Federal Fish
and Wildlife License/Permit application (Form 3–200) and attach all of the following information:
(1) The number of specimens and the common and scientific names (genus and species) of each
species of live wildlife proposed to be imported or otherwise acquired, transported and possessed;
(2) The purpose of such importation or other acquisition, transportation and possession;
(3) The address of the premises where such live wildlife will be kept in captivity;
(4) A statement of the applicant's qualifications and previous experience in caring for and handling
captive wildlife.
(b) Additional permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set forth in part 13 of this subchapter B,
permits to import or ship injurious wildlife for zoological, educational, medical, or scientific purposes shall
be subject to the following conditions:
(1) All live wildlife acquired under permit and all progeny thereof, must be confined in the approved
facilities on the premises authorized in the permit.
(2) No live wildlife, acquired under permit, or any eggs or progeny thereof, may be sold, donated, traded,
loaned, or transferred to any other person unless such person has a permit issued by the Director
under § 16.22 authorizing him to acquire and possess such wildlife or the eggs or progeny thereof.
(3) Permittees shall notify the nearest Special Agent-in-Charge (see § 10.22 of this chapter) by
telephone or other expedient means within 24 hours following the escape of any wildlife imported or
transported under authority of a permit issued under this section, or the escape of any progeny of
such wildlife, unless otherwise specifically exempted by terms of the permit.
(c) Issuance criteria. The Director shall consider the following in determining whether to issue a permit to
import or ship injurious wildlife for zoological, educational, medical, or scientific purposes:
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50 CFR 16.22(c)(1)

(1) Whether the wildlife is being imported or otherwise acquired for a bona fide scientific, medical,
educational, or zoological exhibition purpose;
(2) Whether the facilities for holding the wildlife in captivity have been inspected and approved, and
consist of a basic cage or structure of a design and material adequate to prevent escape which is
maintained inside a building or other facility of such structure that the wildlife could not escape from
the building or other facility after escaping from the cage or structure maintained therein;
(3) Whether the applicant is a responsible person who is aware of the potential dangers to public
interests posed by such wildlife, and who by reason of his knowledge, experience, and facilities
reasonably can be expected to provide adequate protection for such public interests; and
(4) If such wildlife is to be imported or otherwise acquired for zoological or aquarium exhibition
purposes, whether such exhibition or display will be open to the public during regular appropriate
hours.
(d) The Office of Management and Budget approved the information collection requirements contained in this
part 16 under 44 U.S.C. 3507 and assigned OMB Control Number 1018–0093. The Service may not
conduct or sponsor, and you are not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a
currently valid OMB control number. We are collecting this information to provide information necessary
to evaluate permit applications. We will use this information to review permit applications and make
decisions, according to criteria established in various Federal wildlife conservation statutes and
regulations, on the issuance, suspension, revocation, or denial of permits. You must respond to obtain or
retain a permit. We estimate the public reporting burden for these reporting requirements to average 2
hours per response, including time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and
completing and reviewing the forms. Direct comments regarding the burden estimate or any other aspect
of these reporting requirements to the Service's Information Collection Clearance Officer at the address
provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b).
[39 FR 1169, Jan. 4, 1974, as amended at 47 FR 30786, July 15, 1982; 63 FR 52634, Oct. 1, 1998; 79 FR 43964, July 29, 2014]

Subpart D—Additional Exemptions
§ 16.32 Importation by Federal agencies.
Nothing in this part shall restrict the importation and transportation, without a permit, of any live wildlife by Federal
agencies solely for their own use, upon the filing of a written declaration with the District Director of Customs at the
port of entry as required under § 14.61: Provided, That the provisions of this section shall not apply to bald and
golden eagles or their eggs, or to migratory birds or their eggs, the importations of which are governed by
regulations under parts 22 and 21 of this chapter, respectively.

§ 16.33 Importation of natural-history specimens.
Nothing in this part shall restrict the importation and transportation, without a permit, of dead natural-history
specimens of wildlife or their eggs for museum or scientific collection purposes: Provided, That the provisions of
this section shall not apply to dead migratory birds, the importation of which is governed by regulations under parts
20 and 21 of this chapter; to dead game mammals from Mexico, the importation of which is governed by
regulations under part 14 of this chapter; or to dead bald and golden eagles or their eggs, the importation of which
is governed by regulations under part 22 of this chapter.

50 CFR 16.33 (enhanced display)

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