SUPPORTING STATEMENT: PART A
OMB# 0920-23DT
Date: 11/03/2023
Reporting of the Essentials for Childhood (EfC): Preventing Adverse Childhood Experiences through Data to Action Program
Point of Contact:
Khiya Mullins, DrPH
Lead Behavioral Scientist
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Phone: 770-488-3911
Email: [email protected]
Section Page
A.1. Circumstances Making the Collection of Information Necessary 4
A.2. Purpose and Use of Information Collection 6
A.3. Use of Improved Information Technology and Burden Reduction 7
A.4. Efforts to Identify Duplication and Use of Similar Information 9
A.5. Impact on Small Businesses or Other Small Entities 9
A.6. Consequences of Collecting the Information Less Frequently 9
A.7. Special Circumstances Relating to the Guidelines of 5 CFR 1320.5 9
A.8. Comments in Response to the FRN and Efforts to Consult Outside the Agency 9
A.9. Explanation of Any Payment or Gift to Respondents 10
A.10. Assurance of Confidentiality Provided to Respondents 10
A.11. Institutional Review Board (IRB) and Justification for Sensitive Questions 11
A.12. Estimates of Annualized Burden Hours and Costs 11
A.13. Estimates of Other Total Annual Cost Burden to Respondents or Record Keepers 14
A.14. Annualized Cost to the Government 14
A.15. Explanation for Program Changes or Adjustments 14
A.16. Plans for Tabulation and Publication, and Project Time Schedule 14
A.17. Reason(s) Display of OMB Expiration Date is Inappropriate 15
A.18. Exceptions to Certification for Paperwork Reduction Act Submissions 15
ATTACHMENTS
Att 1 Public Health Service Act (PHSA) 42 Section 301(a) USC 241a and Section 393USC 280b-1a
Att 2 Published 60-Day Federal Register Notice (FRN)
Att 2a Public comments
Att 3 Annual Performance Report (APR) Tool
Att 3a Annual Performance Report (APR) Tool Screenshots
Att 4a Key Informant Interview – Principal Investigators (KII)
Att 4b Key Informant Interview – Principal Investigator/Implementor (KII)
Att 5a Surveillance Capacity Assessment (SCA)
Att 5b Implementation Capacity Assessment (ICA)
Att 6 Evaluation and Surveillance Survey
Att 6a Evaluation and Surveillance Survey Screenshots
Att 7 Privacy Act Determination
Att 8 Research Determination
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are preventable, potentially traumatic events that occur in childhood and adolescence (0-17 years). 1,2 As the number of ACEs experienced increases, so does the risk for negative health and life outcomes,3 including health risk behaviors, chronic health conditions, mental health challenges, limited educational and economic opportunity, and early death. Systemic racism, discrimination, multigenerational poverty, and socioeconomic conditions, such as living in under-resourced, racially segregated neighborhoods or experiencing food insecurity can exacerbate the effects of ACEs, particularly in certain populations.4 However, ACEs can be prevented. Preventing ACEs has the potential to reduce leading causes of death, mental health challenges, health risk behaviors such as substance use, verified reports of child abuse and neglect, increase productivity and educational attainment, and saves billions of dollars each year.3,5-7 By addressing the conditions that give rise to ACEs and simultaneously addressing the needs of children and parents, communities can take a multigenerational approach to prevent ACEs.
For this Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO), funded recipients are expected to leverage multisector partnerships and resources to improve and sustain ACEs and positive childhood experiences (PCEs) surveillance infrastructure that collects, uses, and disseminates data on ACEs and PCEs, including data that identify health inequities to inform implementation of ACEs prevention strategies across the state. Funded recipients will work to reduce health disparities and improve social determinants of health among populations at greatest risk. In addition, the NOFO will require recipients to 1) Build or improve surveillance infrastructure and capacity; 2) Implement and sustain ACEs prevention strategies; and 3) Utilize ACEs/PCEs data for action.
The purpose of the information collection effort is to collect EfC program recipient data related to surveillance, implementation, program evaluation, and performance monitoring. This data collection is necessary to ensure that programs are progressing toward achievement of their stated goals and objectives, as well as consistently demonstrating efficient and appropriate use of federal funds. CDC will use the information collected to further understand the facilitators, barriers, and critical factors to implementing specific violence prevention strategies and conducting related program evaluation activities. Data collected will also be used to inform CDC’s training and technical assistance, program improvement, and the development of future funding opportunities.
Data collection is designed to address the following key program evaluation questions:
To what extent have recipients accomplished the short-term and intermediate-term outcomes outlined in the Logic Model?
To what extent do recipients effectively implement ACEs prevention strategies during the period of performance?
To what extent have recipients leveraged multi-sector partnerships and resources among state agencies (additional funding at the local level) and other sectors to prevent ACEs, including forming sustainable systems and partnerships, and realigning/focusing/mobilizing resources to prevent ACEs?
In what ways has the recipient built or enhanced their state-level surveillance system to monitor ACEs, PCEs, and social determinants of health?
How has the recipient integrated and addressed racial and health inequities and social determinants of health in preventing ACEs?
To what extent have recipients enhanced their statewide action plan to implement complementary ACEs prevention strategies (additional funding for implementation at the local level)?
To what extent have funded recipients enhanced their ability to use ACEs and PCEs surveillance and evaluation data to inform prevention strategy allocation?
To what extent have recipients enhanced their ability to disseminate and use data to inform partner, policy, or other action?
To what extent have recipients seen a sustainable increase in capacity and activities related to routine monitoring of ACEs and PCEs data among youth?
To what extent have recipients seen a sustainable increase in capacity and activities related to routine monitoring of near real-time surveillance to monitor indicators of ACEs?
To what extent have recipients demonstrated ability to link ACEs and PCEs data to those on the social determinants of health, and utilize these data to inform prevention strategies? (if applicable)
What is the reach/exposure to the ACEs prevention program efforts?
Are ACEs prevention strategies reaching populations at highest risk for ACEs?
To what extent have recipients demonstrated use of surveillance and evaluation data to inform prevention strategy allocation and implementation to improve health equity?
What has been the reach/exposure of ACEs and PCEs data dissemination efforts?
Information will be collected annually from recipients through the DVP Partners Portal, a web-based data collection system. The DVP Partners Portal allows recipients to fulfill their annual reporting obligations efficiently by employing user-friendly, easily accessible web-based instruments to collect necessary information for both progress reports and continuation applications. Because information from previous reports will be carried over and pre-populated for the next annual reporting, recipients will only need to enter changes, provide progress updates, and add any new information after the first year of reporting, which will help to reduce recipient burden.
Information will be collected through the following instruments:
Att. 3 Annual Performance Report (APR) Tool
The data collected using the APR tool are used for program monitoring and evaluation purposes and submitted to the Grants Management Module of Grant Solutions to serve as the official record of the APR and continuation application. Recipients will complete the APR for each budget period of years 1 through 3.
CDC will use the information to be collected to do the following:
Enhance accountability of the use of federal funds
Provide timely program reports and responses to information request
Improve real-time communications between CDC and recipients
Strengthen CDC’s capacity to provide responsive and data-driven Technical Assistance
Strengthen CDC’s capacity to monitor and evaluate recipients’ progress and performance towards activities required as part of the cooperative agreement
Allow both CDC and recipients to track their own state activities and outcomes, and ensure alignment between their state and local activities
Generate a variety of routine and customizable reports specifically for each recipients
Att. 4a Instrument and Protocol: Key Informant Interview (KII) – Principal Investigator (PI)
Web-based interviews will be conducted with the PI from each recipient. The qualitative data collected will provide valuable insight into the overall statewide plan to expand efforts to prevent adverse childhood experiences. Interviews will be conducted with one principal investigator from each recipient twice over the project period. Interview guide questions are tailored to focus on topics that are most relevant to the PI role.
Att. 4b Instrument and Protocol: Key Informant Interview (KII) – Principal Investigator (PI)/ Implementer
Web-based interviews will be conducted with the PI and/or implementer from each recipient where the PI also serves as an implementer or is most knowledgeable about program implementation. The qualitative data collected will be heavily focused on both the PI and program implementer perspectives and will provide valuable insight into how recipients are implementing prevention strategies to prevent adverse childhood experiences. This interview will include a deeper understanding of the quality of feasibility statewide implementation efforts and their relationship with internal and external partners to achieve desired outcomes. Interviews will be conducted with the PI and/or implementor from each recipient twice over the project period. Interview guide questions are tailored to focus on topics that are most relevant to the principal investigator and/or implementor role.
Att. 5a Instrument and Protocol: Surveillance Capacity Assessment (SCA) – Surveillance Lead
The primary surveillance contact for each recipient will report information about their ACEs surveillance infrastructure. The web-based assessment will be conducted in year 1 to assess each recipient’s capacity to collect, analyze, and use data to inform prevention strategy implementation. CDC will use the data from the assessment to tailor technical assistance and training for recipients and to track changes in infrastructure over the project period. The information collection will allow CDC to measure the aggregate increase in support for and resources devoted to an ACEs surveillance infrastructure across all recipients.
Att. 5b Instrument and Protocol: Implementation Capacity Assessment (ICA) – Principal Investigator/Implementer
The primary implementation contact for each recipient will report information about their infrastructure and capacity to implement primary prevention strategies and approaches. The web-based assessment will be conducted in year 1 to assess change in leadership, collaboration, and partnership, staffing and resources, skills and expertise, and evaluation among the recipients. CDC will use the data from the assessment to tailor technical assistance and training for recipients and to track changes in general institutional capacity over the project period. The information collected will allow CDC to measure the aggregate increase in support for and resources devoted to prevention across all recipients.
Att. 6 Instrument and Protocol: Evaluation and Surveillance Survey – Surveillance Lead/ Evaluator
The web-based survey will be conducted with the surveillance and evaluation leads from each recipient. The evaluation approach collected will provide valuable insight into how recipients are evaluating their surveillance and evaluation activities, including how they have leveraged existing and new resources and multi-sectoral partnerships to expand efforts to prevent adverse childhood experiences. Web-based surveys will be conducted with one implementer and evaluator from each recipient once over the project period. Survey questions are tailored to focus on topics that are most relevant to the principal investigator and or evaluator role.
There are significant advantages to collecting information with these data collection methods:
The information collected will provide unique insight into the collaboration and coordination between recipients and partners.
The mixed methods approach takes advantage of the strengths of both quantitative and qualitative approaches.
Tailoring the data collection tools to the recipients will allow CDC to identify facilitators and barriers, best practices, and areas for improvement for implementing prevention efforts in different contexts.
CDC will use the information collected across all years to understand each recipient’s experiences and progress toward outcomes as well as to identify facilitators, barriers, and key factors to improving a surveillance infrastructure and implementation of prevention strategies. In addition, data collected in project years 1 and 4 will inform adjustments in the type and cadence of technical assistance provided to recipients to support achievability of goals. The information collection will allow CDC to monitor the impact of surveillance infrastructure activities and strategies implemented by the recipients on outcomes related to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and positive childhood experiences (PCEs). It is also expected to reduce duplication of effort and maximize the use of federal funds.
Program evaluation is an essential public health function and important for performance monitoring. Evaluation activities allow CDC to identify and disseminate information about best practices for successful implementation of violence prevention programs by recipients. EfC is non-research (i.e., programmatic) NOFO. Per CDC’s NOFO requirements, data collected for non-research NOFOs are not population-based samples and are only generalizable to the EfC recipients. The intention of this data collection is not to make causal inferences. The conclusions drawn from these data may not be generalized to the entire country due to differences in the demographics of targeted populations, policies, and implementing agencies. In addition, because this is not a research cooperative agreement, states are not required to implement rigorous research designs that have strong internal validity and produce generalizable knowledge. As such, the information CDC collects may make a strong inference of correlation, but causation cannot be inferred.
The Annual Federal Financial Report (OMB# 0920-1132) is also required to be submitted to OFR separately by recipients. This report is not required, developed, or reviewed by CDC program staff as part of any ICRC evaluation and performance monitoring. It is handled by OFR as part of its grant’s financial management responsibilities. As such, it is not included as part of this request.
Annual Performance Report (APR):
Each recipient is required to complete an APR for each budget period during years 1 through 3 to report on progress toward performance outcomes as described in their logic model. The performance report includes updates to their work plan, implementation plan, and evaluation plan. It also includes items to report successes, challenges, and requests for technical assistance. While the APR is a federal oversight requirement and serves as a non-competing continuation application, the CDC will use some of the data provided for program evaluation.
Recipients will enter APR data into the DVP Partners Portal, a web-based system that collects performance data from funded recipients annually. The use of the DVP Partners Portal facilitates several advantages:
The online interface requires minimal training, is user friendly, and intuitive for recipients to enter data
Creates standard data elements, definitions, and specifications at all levels to improve quality and comparability of information that recipients submit. This standardization enhances the consistency of reports to examine information across recipients.
The data collection structure is flexible such that each recipient is able to capture and report information relevant to their program context and structure.
Reports are easily generated from the system, which allows recipients to fulfill their annual reporting obligations and continuation application efficiently into one document.
Recipients can generate multiple formats of their report (i.e., .docx, pdf, etc.). .
Recipients can pre-populate from one reporting period to the next, thereby increasing the efficiency of data entry, reduce errors and redundancies, and increase the quality and reliability of information that recipients submit each year.
Key Informant Interviews:
Data will be collected via web-based qualitative interviews. CDC evaluators will employ qualitative methodological strategies such as “member checking” after each interview has been completed and synthesized, allowing for the interviewee to review their responses and confirm they reflect the actual content from the interview.
The interview protocol and guides are designed to collect the minimum information necessary for evaluation. Additional probes and prompts are included to aid the interviewers with clarifying contexts for questions.
Surveillance and Implementation Capacity Assessments:
Data will be collected via a web-based survey. The automated nature of the information collection greatly increases the efficiency of data collection over standard paper-and-pencil data collection methods given the geographic diversity of the participants. The web-based survey will contribute to data quality as built-in prompts and skip patterns will ensure only relevant questions are presented to respondents.
Evaluation and Surveillance Survey:
Data will be collected via a web-based survey. CDC evaluators will employ qualitative collection methods which will help solicit rich data on how recipients implemented surveillance and evaluation activities. CDC program evaluators will employ qualitative methodological strategies such as “member checking” after each survey has been completed and synthesized, allowing for the recipients to review their responses and confirm they reflect the actual content from the survey.
The survey protocol and guides are designed to collect the minimum information necessary for evaluation. Additional probes and prompts are included to aid the interviewers with clarifying contexts for questions.
EfC occupies a unique niche within the larger scope of Health and Human Services’ (HHS) ACEs prevention initiatives and will not duplicate other efforts. The collection of this information is part of a federal reporting requirement for funds received by recipients.
No small businesses will be involved in this data collection.
The cooperative agreement requires the APR as well as data collection activities necessary for the monitoring and evaluation of the programs’ implementation and outcomes. This request is for performance monitoring information to be collected annually. Key Informant Interviews will be conducted twice over the project period for both project leads and lead evaluators to monitor changes across years. Surveillance and Implementation Capacity Assessments will be collected during years 1. Evaluation and Surveillance Survey will be collected in year 3.
Less frequent reporting would undermine accountability efforts at all levels and negatively affect monitoring and evaluation of recipient progress. If less frequent or no data are collected, CDC will be unable to:
Evaluate impact and changes of the EfC program over the project period,
Assess the barriers, facilitators, and critical factors to evaluate and implement primary prevention efforts identified by EfC recipient and subrecipients,
Identify areas for improvement and additional technical assistance by CDC to help recipients achieve the goals outlined in the NOFO for EfC in the remaining funding period,
Develop an in-depth understanding of how national, state, and local approaches can be coordinated and implemented to prevent ACEs,
Respond in a timely manner to inquiries, such as Congressional requests mandated by the authorizing legislation.
This request fully complies with the regulation 5 CFR 1320.5.
A 60-day Federal Register Notice was published in the Federal Register on March 31, 2023 Volume 88, Number 62, pp 19308 (Attachment 2). For this notice CDC received 1 non-substantive comment (Attachment 2a).
No outside consultations will occur during the EfC cooperative agreement funding period. The evaluation questions for assessing the overall program were identified by NCIPC and further refined by feedback and lessons learned from Essentials for Childhood and Preventing ACEs: Data to Action cooperative agreements.
CDC staff and contractors designed the information collection instruments and DVP Partners Portal. Data elements were informed by APRs of previous and other existing DVP programs. Consultations resulted in streamlining of questions for improved reporting.
The following individuals were consulted in the development of the data elements in 2023.
Angie Guinn, MPH, Behavioral Scientist
404-498-1508
Phinda Hillmon, EdD, Public Health Advisor
770-488-1577
Adebukola Helen Adegbite-Johnson, MPH, Health Scientist
404-639-6433
Phyllis Ottley, PhD, Associate Director for Program
404-498-1613
Khiya Mullins, DrPH, Lead Behavioral Scientist
770-488-3911
Applications Support Unit
Lisa Martin, Public Health Advisor
404-498-3906
Respondents will not receive payments or gifts for providing information.
The CDC Office of the Chief Information Officer has determined that the Privacy Act does not apply to this information collection request. The EfC program APR forms are housed within the Partner’s Portal web-based system. The Partner’s Portal system has a current Authorization to Operate (Attachment 7).
Submission and access to data will be controlled by password-protected login to the secure site. To access the Partners Portal, staff must have been authenticated and have a Secure Access Management Services (SAMS) login and password. Access is limited to staff members of the organization who are authorized to enter data on behalf of their organization. Since the access to the Partners Portal is external and through SAMS, Active Directory is not used for authentication; therefore, no User IDs or passwords are maintained or used by the Partners Portal.
Respondents for data collection are EfC cooperative agreement recipients or their designated personnel. No sensitive information or personal contact information will be collected. Each measure includes a section at the beginning to explain to respondents the purpose of the data collection, how data is stored and protected, and how data will be reported in aggregate form without identifying specific coalitions.
Apart from APRs, survey data will be collected via web-based video platform. Interview recordings will be kept until data analysis has been completed. Interview summary notes will be kept two years after post-period of performance (i.e., September 2030) for analysis purposes. All data will be discarded in September 2030. Data will be maintained in a secure, password-protected system and accessed only by relevant CDC personnel working on the project. All data will be reported in aggregate form, with no identifying information included. Recipients will provide programmatic information only and will not include any personally identifying information. All procedures have been developed, in accordance with federal, state, and local guidelines, to ensure that the rights and privacy of key recipients’ program staff (e.g., principal investigator) will be protected and maintained. While consent is not required to report aggregate data, recipients will be notified of intent to use aggregate data and approval will be obtained if data specific to any particular coalition are used for publications, reports, or other publicly disseminated information. CDC will maintain IIF in the information technology systems (i.e., Partners Portal and CDC Microsoft OneDrive Excel datasets) utilized to monitor progress and outcomes. The information and passwords to these IT systems kept by CDC are private and secure. Administrators cannot view user password credentials. “Data will be kept private to the extent allowed by law”
The CDC NCIPC’s OMB and human subject’s liaison has determined that this collection is non-research and IRB approval is not needed. The information does not involve the collection of personal information or participation of Human Subjects (Attachment 8).
The proposed information collection does not collect sensitive information.
The estimate for annual burden hours is based on actual hour burden for projects using similar types of interviews and surveys.
Annual Performance Report – Project leads for EfC will complete the APR annually. The APR is expected to take an average of 10 hours per report to account for time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering, and maintaining data needed for reporting, and completing and reviewing the collection of information.
Key Informant Interviews – Key Informant Interviews will be conducted twice during the project period – once at the start of the period of performance and again near the end. The interview is designed to take 60 minutes for each respondent conducted with a principal investigator and implementor.
Capacity Assessments – Principal investigators, surveillance leads, or evaluators will complete the capacity assessments in years 1. Most questions will be close-ended using a multiple-choice format, with some open-ended questions. Each survey takes 30 minutes to complete.
Evaluation and Surveillance Survey – Surveillance Leads or Evaluators will complete the evaluation and surveillance survey in year 3. Most questions will be close ended using a multiple-choice format, with some open-ended questions taking 60 minutes to complete.
Table A.12-A. Estimated Annualized Burden Hours
Type of respondents |
Form Name |
No. of respondents |
Number of responses per respondent |
Average burden per response (in hours) |
Total burden (in hours) |
Essentials for Childhood grantees
|
Annual Performance Report (APR) – Project Leads (Att. 3) |
12 |
1 |
10 |
120 |
Key Informant Interview – Principal Investigators (Att. 4a)
|
12 |
1 |
1 |
12 |
|
Key Informant Interview – Principal Investigator/ Implementor (Att. 4b)
|
12 |
1 |
1 |
12 |
|
Surveillance Capacity Assessment – Surveillance Lead (Att. 5a)
|
12 |
1 |
30/60 |
6 |
|
Implementation Capacity Assessment (Att. 5b) |
12 |
1 |
30/60 |
6 |
|
Evaluation and Surveillance Survey – Surveillance Lead or Evaluator (Att. 6)
|
12 |
1 |
1 |
12 |
|
Total |
|||||
For each recipient, the project lead will complete the APR, the principal investigator and/or implementor will each complete the Key Informant Interviews, the surveillance lead will complete the Surveillance Capacity Assessment, the principal investigator will complete the implementation capacity assessment, and the surveillance lead or evaluator will complete the Evaluation and Surveillance survey. The average annual wage for program leads, program evaluators, and similar non-profit or public sector positions is estimated to be $5,043.36 per year. The average hourly wage for these positions is $30.02 as estimated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/999001.htm#00-0000).
The total estimated burden cost to respondents over the 5-year cooperative agreement is $16,571.04, as summarized in Table A12.-B.
Table A.12-B. Estimated Annualized Burden Costs
Type of respondents |
Form Name |
Total burden (in hours) |
Hourly wage rate |
Total respondent cost |
Essentials for Childhood grantees
|
Annual Reporting – Project Leads (Att. 3) |
120 |
$30.02 |
3602.40 |
Key Informant Interview – Principal Investigators (Att. 4a)
|
12 |
$30.02 |
360.24 |
|
Key Informant Interview – Principal Investigator/ Implementor (Att. 4b)
|
12 |
$30.02 |
360.24 |
|
Surveillance Capacity Assessment – Surveillance Lead (Att. 5a)
|
6 |
$30.02 |
180.12 |
|
Implementation Capacity Assessment (Att. 5b) |
6 |
$30.02 |
180.12 |
|
Evaluation and Surveillance Survey – Surveillance Lead or Evaluator (Att. 6)
|
12 |
$30.02 |
360.24 |
|
Total |
||||
This data collection will not result in costs for respondents or record keepers. No capital, maintenance, start-up, hardware, or software costs are expected for respondents or record keepers.
The average annualized cost to the federal government is $53,895, and a five-year project total of $269,475 as summarized in Table A.14-A. There are no costs associated with contractors, website maintenance, licensing, or travel.
Table A.14. Estimated Annualized Federal Government Cost Distribution
Type of Cost |
Description of Services |
Annual Cost |
CDC Personnel
|
20% of GS-13 Behavioral/Health Scientist at $104,008/year for data collection design, collection, analysis, and reporting |
$20,802 |
20% of GS-13 Health Informatician at $104,008/year for data system design, development, and maintenance |
$20,802 |
|
|
10% of GS-14 Behavioral Scientist at $122,907/year for data collection design, collection, analysis, and reporting |
$12,291 |
Total |
$53,895 |
|
This is a new collection of data.
Time schedule for the entire project
The cooperative agreement cycle is five years. OMB approval is being requested for three years. Per the NOFO, data collection must begin 6 months post award with the APR Tool. Other data collections will occur per the NOFO requirements once a year is due 120 days before the end of the budget period. Data collection will begin with the awarding of the grants and will continue throughout the funding cycle.
Publication plan
Information collected from the recipients will be reported in internal CDC documents and shared with recipients. Raw data will not be made public as it is used for internal program evaluation to assess recipient progress and outcomes. Any reported data will be provided in aggregate form. Publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal will be determined post-data collection.
C. Analysis plan
CDC will use statistical methods for analyzing information. For example, the difference between baseline rates and achieved rates on indicators will be documented and analyzed. Information will be synthesized for specific reporting purposes and responses to inquiries. These reports may include aggregate reports or filtered by certain characteristics or information.
Activities |
Timeline |
Annual data collection as described in Section A.2 and A.12 |
Ongoing once annually 1-60 months after OMB approval. |
Data cleaning and analysis |
Ongoing annually 4-60 months after OMB approval. |
Reporting of evaluation data and findings to recipients and stakeholders |
Ongoing annually 8-60 months after OMB approval. |
The display of the OMB expiration date is appropriate.
There are no exceptions to certification.
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Preventing adverse childhood experiences: leveraging the best available evidence. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2019. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/preventingACES.pdf.
Felitti VJ,
Anda RF, Nordenberg D, Williamson DF, Spitz AM, Edwards V, Koss MP,
Marks JS. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction
to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The Adverse
Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. American Journal of Preventive
Medicine, 1998; 14(4), 245–258.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00017-8
Merrick MT, Ford DC, Ports KA, et al. Vital Signs: Estimated Proportion of Adult Health Problems Attributable to Adverse Childhood Experiences and Implications for Prevention — 25 States, 2015–2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68:999-1005. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6844e1
Nurius, PS, Logan-Greene P, Green S. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Within a Social Disadvantage Framework: Distinguishing Unique, Cumulative, and Moderated Contributions to Adult Mental Health. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community. 2012; 40(4), 278-290. DOI: 10.1080/10852352.2012.707443
Peterson C, Florence C, Klevens J. The Economic Burden of Child Maltreatment in the United States, 2015. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2018; 86,178-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.09.018
Jones CM, Merrick MT, Houry DE. Identifying and Preventing Adverse Childhood Experiences, Implications for Clinical Practice. JAMA. 2020;323(1):25-26. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.18499
Olds DL, Eckenrode J, Henderson CR Jr, Kitzman H, Powers J, Cole R, Sidora K, Morris P, Pettitt LM, Luckey D. Long-term effects of home visitation on maternal life course and child abuse and neglect: fifteen-year follow-up of a randomized trial. JAMA. 1997;278(8):637-643. DOI: 10.1001/jama.1997.03550080047038
| File Type | application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document |
| Author | Biello, Shannon (CDC/ONDIEH/NCIPC);Halmos, Miklos (CDC/DDNID/NCI |
| File Modified | 0000-00-00 |
| File Created | 2023-11-05 |