Agricultural Prices

Agricultural Prices
ISSN: 1937-4216
Released January 31, 2024, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department
of Agriculture (USDA).

December Prices Received Index Down 0.4 Percent
The December Prices Received Index 2011 Base (Agricultural Production), at 113.5, decreased 0.4 percent from
November and 18 percent from December 2022. At 101.7, the Crop Production Index was up 0.7 percent from last month
but down 21 percent from the previous year. The Livestock Production Index, at 130.0, decreased 3.0 percent from
November, and 14 percent from December last year. Producers received lower prices during December for cattle, milk,
hogs, and turkeys, but higher prices for broilers, corn, onions, and eggs. In addition to prices, the volume change of
commodities marketed also influences the indexes. In December, there was decreased monthly movement for corn,
grapes, soybeans, and calves, and increased marketing of broilers, milk, wheat, and cotton.
December Prices Paid Index Down 0.5 Percent
The December Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at
137.6, is down 0.5 percent from November 2023 and 0.6 percent from December 2022. Lower prices in December for
feeder cattle, diesel, complete feeds, and gasoline more than offset higher prices for feeder pigs, LP gas, nitrogen, and
potash & phosphate.
Prices Received, Prices Paid, and Ratio of Prices Received to Prices Paid Indexes 2011 Base –
United States: December 2023 with Comparisons
Index Group

December
2022

November
2023

December
2023

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

Prices received by farmers ...............................................................................

137.8

114.0

113.5

Prices paid by farmers ......................................................................................

138.4

138.3

137.6

Ratio of prices received to prices paid .............................................................

100

83

83

Contents
Prices Received by Farmers................................................................................................................................................ 4
Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base – United States: December 2023 with Comparisons .................................................. 5
Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base – United States: December 2023 with Comparisons ......................................... 5
Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups – United States: 2022 and 2023 ................................. 5
Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups – United States: 2022 and 2023......................................... 6
Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits – United States: December 2023 with Comparisons ........................................ 7
Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock – United States: December 2023 with Comparisons ................................... 8
Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month – United States: 2023 with Comparisons........................... 9
Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month – United States: 2023 with Comparisons..................................... 9
Prices Received for All Wheat – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons .........................................10
Prices Received for Winter Wheat – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons ...................................10
Prices Received for Durum Wheat – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons ...................................11
Prices Received for Spring Wheat – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons ....................................11
Prices Received for Oats – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons ..................................................11
Prices Received for All Barley – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons .........................................12
Prices Received for Malting Barley – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons..................................12
Prices Received for Feed Barley – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons ......................................12
Prices Received for Corn – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons..................................................13
Prices Received for Sorghum Grain – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons .................................13
Prices Received for Soybeans – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons ..........................................14
Prices Received for Dry Beans – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons .........................................14
Prices Received for Canola – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons ..............................................15
Prices Received for Flaxseed – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons ...........................................15
Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons ..............................15
Prices Received for Sunflower – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons .........................................15
Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed – States and United States: December 2023
with Comparisons ..........................................................................................................................................................16
Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice – United States: December 2023
with Comparisons ..........................................................................................................................................................16
Prices Received for Hay by Type – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons .....................................17
Prices Received for Premium and Supreme Alfalfa Hay – States and 5-State Total: December 2023 ................................17
Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – States and United States: December 2022.............................................18
Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – States and United States: November 2023 ............................................18
Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – States and United States: December 2023.............................................18
Prices Received for All Milk – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons ............................................19
Prices Received for Milk Cows – States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons ...........................................19
Parity Price Overview........................................................................................................................................................20
Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price – United States: December 2023
with Comparisons ..........................................................................................................................................................21
Commodity Parity Prices – United States: December 2023 with Comparisons ..................................................................22
Marketing Year for Specified Commodities ......................................................................................................................24
Rice Market Year Average Prices Received by All and Length of Grain – States and United States: Marketing
Years 2021 through 2022 ...............................................................................................................................................24
All Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month – United States: Marketing Years 2022-2023
through 2023-2024 .........................................................................................................................................................25
Long Grain Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month – United States: Marketing Years
2022-2023 through 2023-2024 .......................................................................................................................................25
Medium and Short Grain Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month – United States: Marketing
Years 2022-2022 through 2023-2024 .............................................................................................................................26
Medium and Short Grain Rice Prices Received by Month – California and Other States: Marketing Years
2022-2023 through 2023-2024 .......................................................................................................................................26
Prices Received Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average – United States: 2019-2023 ...............27
Prices Received Indexes as a Percent of 1910-1914 Base, Monthly and Annual Average – United States:
2019-2023 .....................................................................................................................................................................29
Reliability of Prices Received Estimates............................................................................................................................30
2

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Paid by Farmers ...................................................................................................................................................... 31
Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios – United States: December 2023 with Comparisons .................................. 32
Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components – United States:
December 2023 with Comparisons................................................................................................................................. 33
Feed Price Ratios – United States: December 2023 with Comparisons .............................................................................. 34
Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios – United States: December 2023 with Comparisons ....................... 34
Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock – United States: December 2023 with Comparisons ...................................................... 34
Annual Average Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock – United States: 2018-2023 ................................................................. 35
Grazing Fee Rates for Cattle – States, Regions, and United States: 2022 and 2023 ........................................................... 35
Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average – United States: 2019-2023....................... 36
Prices Paid Index Sub-Components as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average –
United States: 2019-2023 ............................................................................................................................................... 39
Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 1910-1914 Base, Monthly and Annual Average – United States: 2019-2023 ............. 43
Feed Ratios Monthly and Annual Average – United States: 2019-2024 ............................................................................ 46
Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates ................................................................................................................................... 47
Information Contacts ......................................................................................................................................................... 48

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

3

December Prices Received by Farmers
Crop production: The December index, at 101.7, is 0.7 percent higher than November but 21 percent lower than
December 2022. The grain & oilseed index increase more than offset the vegetable & melon, fruit & tree nut, and other
crop index decreases.
Grain and oilseed: The December index, at 91.1, is up 2.6 percent from November but down 20 percent from
December 2022. The feed grain, food grain, and oilseed indexes all increased.
Feed grain: The December index, at 80.4, increased 2.8 percent from last month but decreased 27 percent from a year
ago. The corn price, at $4.80 per bushel, is up 14 cents from last month but down $1.78 from December 2022.
Food grain: At 102.9, the index for December increased 1.4 percent from the previous month but decreased 21 percent
from a year ago. The December price for rice, at $17.50 per cwt, is 50 cents higher than November but $3.30 lower than
December 2022. The December price for all wheat, at $6.79 per bushel, is 26 cents lower than November and $2.18 lower
than December 2022.
Oilseed: At 104.3, the index for December increased 0.7 percent from November but decreased 9.1 percent from
December 2022. The soybean price, at $13.10 per bushel, is 10 cents higher than November but $1.30 lower than
December a year earlier.
Fruit and tree nut: The December index, at 143.8, is down 9.2 percent from November and 2.2 percent from a year
earlier. Price decreases during December for oranges, apples, lemons, and grapefruit more than offset price increases for
grapes and strawberries.
Vegetable and melon: At 142.8, the index for December is down 0.6 percent from the previous month and 53 percent
from December 2022. Price decreases during December for lettuce, broccoli, and potatoes more than offset price increases
for onions, tomatoes, celery, and cauliflower.
Other crop: The December index, at 97.2, is down 1.8 percent from the previous month and 12 percent from December
2022. The all hay price, at $191.00 per ton, is $4.00 lower than November and $44.00 lower than December 2022. At
73.2 cents per pound, the price for upland cotton is 0.8 cents higher than November but 11.4 cents lower than December
2022.
Livestock production: The index for December, at 130.0, decreased 3.0 percent from the previous month and 14 percent
from December a year earlier. Meat animal and dairy index decreases offset the higher poultry & egg index.
Meat animal: At 129.8, the December index decreased 7.0 percent from the previous month but increased 4.8 percent
from a year earlier. At $53.30 per cwt, the December hog price is $4.20 lower than November and $9.20 lower than a year
earlier. The December beef cattle price of $172.00 per cwt is $8.00 lower than the previous month but $18.00 higher than
December 2022.
Dairy: The index for December, at 102.5, is down 5.1 percent from the previous month and 16 percent from December a
year ago. The December all milk price of $20.60 per cwt is $1.10 lower than November and $3.90 lower than December
2022.
Poultry and egg: At 155.6, the December index increased 6.9 percent from November but decreased 36 percent from
December 2022. The December market egg price, at $1.71 per dozen, is 10 cents higher than November but $3.06 lower
than December 2022. The December broiler price, at 73.7 cents per pound, is 7.2 cents higher than November and
1.1 cents higher than a year ago. At 47.1 cents per pound, the December turkey price is 18.1 cents lower than the previous
month and 74.9 cents lower than December 2022.
Food Commodities: The index, at 125.2, decreased 2.6 percent from the previous month and 17 percent from
December 2022.
4

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base – United States: December 2023 with Comparisons
[Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]
2011 Base
Index Group

December
2022

November
2023

December
2023

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

Agricultural production ..............................................................................
Crop production .....................................................................................
Grain and oilseed ..............................................................................
Feed grain .....................................................................................
Food grain .....................................................................................
Oilseed ..........................................................................................
Fruit and tree nut ...............................................................................
Vegetable and melon ........................................................................
Other crop ..........................................................................................

137.8
128.7
113.7
110.1
129.4
114.8
147.0
300.4
110.8

114.0
101.0
88.8
78.2
101.5
103.6
158.4
143.7
99.0

113.5
101.7
91.1
80.4
102.9
104.3
143.8
142.8
97.2

Livestock production .............................................................................
Meat animal .......................................................................................
Cattle .............................................................................................
Hog ................................................................................................
Dairy ...................................................................................................
Poultry and egg .................................................................................

150.7
123.8
134.8
94.0
121.9
241.7

134.0
139.5
161.9
86.5
108.0
145.5

130.0
129.8
153.3
80.2
102.5
155.6

Food commodity ........................................................................................

150.3

128.6

125.2

Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base – United States: December 2023 with Comparisons
[Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]
1910 - 1914 Base
Index Group

December
2022

November
2023

December
2023

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

Agricultural production ..............................................................................
Crop production .....................................................................................
Livestock production .............................................................................

1422
1122
1751

1176
881
1557

1172
887
1510

Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups – United States: 2022 and 2023
[Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]
2011 Base
Month

January ...............................
February ..............................
March ..................................
April .....................................
May ......................................
June .....................................
July ......................................
August .................................
September ..........................
October ...............................
November ...........................
December ...........................

Agricultural
production

Crop
production

Livestock
production

Food
commodities

2022

2023

2022

2023

2022

2023

2022

2023

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

111.6
119.8
127.2
133.8
135.0
135.3
134.3
131.4
131.2
127.6
133.5
137.8

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

124.5
126.6
128.3
131.0
127.2
127.6
125.1
125.6
121.8
113.9
114.0
113.5

105.0
114.6
120.9
122.9
124.2
126.9
125.0
128.2
126.8
121.6
127.0
128.7

118.0
120.6
118.7
126.2
120.6
120.7
119.5
117.7
112.4
103.9
101.0
101.7

123.6
125.6
133.8
144.7
145.6
144.4
146.2
134.9
136.5
139.2
143.6
150.7

136.4
133.3
138.3
135.7
133.7
135.1
132.3
134.3
133.0
133.1
134.0
130.0

118.7
125.3
133.3
139.6
140.5
140.2
139.4
135.2
135.3
133.7
145.3
150.3

132.1
132.1
134.4
136.9
132.5
132.9
131.0
133.4
130.3
123.3
128.6
125.2

5

Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups – United States: 2022 and 2023
[Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]
2011 Base
All items
(PPITW)

Month

January ................................
February ..............................
March ...................................
April ......................................
May ......................................
June .....................................
July ......................................
August .................................
September ...........................
October ................................
November ............................
December ............................

6

Crop
sector

Production

Livestock
sector

2022

2023

2022

2023

2022

2023

2022

2023

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

131.0
133.1
135.0
137.6
137.8
138.3
138.7
139.3
138.8
138.6
138.8
138.4

140.3
140.3
140.3
139.7
138.9
138.5
138.6
138.7
138.7
138.8
138.3
137.6

129.1
131.7
134.1
137.9
137.9
138.2
138.3
139.2
138.5
138.0
138.3
137.9

138.9
138.8
138.8
138.3
137.1
136.4
136.2
136.2
136.1
136.1
135.5
134.5

133.4
134.8
136.7
140.0
140.3
140.8
140.6
140.8
140.0
140.0
140.2
139.3

141.0
140.3
139.7
138.4
137.5
136.5
136.3
136.7
136.6
137.1
136.9
136.7

128.5
131.2
133.3
135.1
135.2
135.7
136.7
137.7
137.6
137.1
137.4
137.5

139.6
140.3
140.9
141.1
140.4
140.6
141.0
140.9
140.9
140.7
139.9
138.5

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits – United States: December 2023 with Comparisons
Commodity

2011
Base Price

December 2022

November 2023

December 2023

Field crops
Barley, all ........................................................... dollars/bushel
Feed ................................................................. dollars/bushel
Malting ............................................................. dollars/bushel
Beans, dry edible .................................................... dollars/cwt
Canola ..................................................................... dollars/cwt
Chickpeas, all ......................................................... dollars/cwt
Large ..................................................................... dollars/cwt
Small ..................................................................... dollars/cwt
Corn ................................................................... dollars/bushel

4.79
4.59
4.83
34.60
23.10
35.70
39.20
23.40
6.02

7.48
6.08
7.62
41.00
29.20
35.40
36.00
29.40
6.58

7.77
5.18
8.10
40.60
25.50
39.50
38.30
(D)
4.66

6.68
4.62
7.23
42.70
24.20
36.20
35.50
39.20
4.80

Cotton, Upland ....................................................dollars/pound
Cottonseed .............................................................. dollars/ton
Flaxseed ............................................................ dollars/bushel
Hay, all, baled .......................................................... dollars/ton
Alfalfa ..................................................................... dollars/ton
Other ...................................................................... dollars/ton
Lentils ...................................................................... dollars/cwt
Oats .................................................................... dollars/bushel
Peanuts, in-shell .................................................dollars/pound

0.880
131.00
14.20
159.00
176.00
119.00
27.50
3.42
0.252

0.846
315.00
18.30
235.00
268.00
180.00
34.80
4.54
0.245

0.724
226.00
12.20
195.00
207.00
170.00
39.60
3.92
0.295

0.732
209.00
13.40
191.00
205.00
170.00
39.00
3.98
0.243

Peas, dry edible ...................................................... dollars/cwt
Rice, all ................................................................... dollars/cwt
Long ...................................................................... dollars/cwt
Medium and short ................................................ dollars/cwt
Sorghum grain ........................................................ dollars/cwt
Soybeans ........................................................... dollars/bushel
Sunflowers, all ........................................................ dollars/cwt

13.60
13.70
12.30
18.40
10.70
12.50
29.00

16.80
20.80
16.80
34.70
12.30
14.40
29.50

15.60
17.00
15.60
25.30
9.05
13.00
22.60

15.40
17.50
15.70
25.80
8.70
13.10
24.20

Wheat, all ........................................................... dollars/bushel
Winter ............................................................... dollars/bushel
Durum .............................................................. dollars/bushel
Other spring ..................................................... dollars/bushel
Hard red winter ................................................ dollars/bushel
Soft red winter ................................................. dollars/bushel
Hard red spring ................................................ dollars/bushel
White ................................................................ dollars/bushel

7.44
6.93
9.22
8.33
7.07
6.77
8.38
6.58

8.97
8.47
11.20
9.11
8.70
8.04
9.17
7.89

6.53
6.10
9.53
6.85
6.12
5.61
6.90
6.28

6.79
6.20
9.66
7.10
6.23
5.92
7.12
6.23

Fruits
Citrus, equivalent on-tree
Grapefruit .............................................................. dollars/box
Lemons ................................................................. dollars/box
Oranges ................................................................ dollars/box

7.47
12.30
8.16

22.66
17.55
12.91

28.22
28.51
20.33

25.97
24.41
12.56

Non-citrus, fresh 1
Apples .............................................................. dollars/pound
Grapes .................................................................. dollars/ton
Peaches ................................................................ dollars/ton
Pears ..................................................................... dollars/ton
Strawberries ......................................................... dollars/cwt

0.325
598.00
507.00
559.00
104.00

0.889
2,310.00
(S)
1,380.00
296.00

0.683
3,450.00
(S)
1,340.00
257.00

0.639
3,690.00
(S)
1,270.00
289.00

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
1
Beginning February 2020, price reflects FOB shipping point basis.

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

7

Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock – United States: December 2023 with Comparisons
[Price data source for potato, livestock, and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service]
Commodity

2011
Base Price

December 2022

November 2023

December 2023

Vegetables, fresh 1
Asparagus ............................................................... dollars/cwt
Beans, snap ............................................................ dollars/cwt
Broccoli .................................................................... dollars/cwt
Cantaloupes ............................................................ dollars/cwt
Carrots ..................................................................... dollars/cwt
Cauliflower .............................................................. dollars/cwt
Celery ...................................................................... dollars/cwt
Corn, sweet ............................................................. dollars/cwt
Cucumbers .............................................................. dollars/cwt
Lettuce, head .......................................................... dollars/cwt
Onions 2 ................................................................... dollars/cwt
Potatoes .................................................................. dollars/cwt
Tomatoes ................................................................ dollars/cwt

37.50
69.00
41.60
16.50
30.80
47.00
22.50
30.70
18.70
24.30
11.90
14.30
51.20

(S)
79.10
205.00
(S)
50.00
200.00
191.00
56.30
28.00
142.00
32.30
21.30
92.30

(S)
105.00
91.00
27.80
57.10
61.20
65.80
48.40
31.40
33.30
26.00
11.60
72.00

(S)
116.00
71.60
(S)
57.10
72.00
73.10
60.50
35.90
21.10
38.40
11.30
108.00

Livestock
Calves ..................................................................... dollars/cwt
Cattle, all beef ......................................................... dollars/cwt
Cows 3 ................................................................... dollars/cwt
Steers and heifers ................................................ dollars/cwt
Milk cows 4 ........................................................... dollars/head
Hogs, all .................................................................. dollars/cwt
Barrows and gilts .................................................. dollars/cwt
Sows ...................................................................... dollars/cwt

142.00
115.00
71.60
117.00
1,420.00
66.50
66.80
57.90

206.00
154.00
76.90
158.00
(NA)
62.50
63.00
51.90

290.00
180.00
104.00
184.00
(NA)
57.50
57.50
58.10

280.00
172.00
101.00
176.00
(NA)
53.30
53.50
48.90

Dairy and poultry
Milk, all 5 .................................................................. dollars/cwt
Fat test ....................................................................... percent
Broilers, live 6 ..................................................... dollars/pound
Eggs, all ...............................................................dollars/dozen
Market 7 .............................................................dollars/dozen
Turkeys, live 8 .................................................... dollars/pound

20.10
4.35
0.459
0.969
0.796
0.680

24.50
4.27
0.726
4.49
4.77
1.22

21.70
4.32
0.665
1.78
1.61
0.652

20.60
4.35
0.737
1.87
1.71
0.471

Adjusted for seasonal variation
Eggs, all ...............................................................dollars/dozen
Seasonal factor .......................................................... percent
Milk, all .................................................................... dollars/cwt
Seasonal factor .......................................................... percent

0.979
101
20.20
100

3.57
126
24.20
101

1.60
111
21.00
103

1.47
127
20.40
101

(NA) Not available.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
1
Beginning February 2020, price reflects FOB shipping point basis
2
Includes some processing.
3
Beef cows and cull dairy cows sold for slaughter.
4
Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Prices available for January, April, July, and October.
5
Before deductions for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies.
6
Live weight equivalent price.
7
Also referred to as table eggs.
8
Live weight equivalent price is used when actual live weight price is not available. Beginning January 2011, price reflects FOB shipping point
basis. Prior year price reflects delivered basis.

8

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month – United States: 2023 with Comparisons
[Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
All wheat

Month

January ........
February .......
March ...........
April ..............
May ...............
June ..............
July ...............
August ..........
September ...
October ........
November ....
December ....

Corn

Soybeans

2021

2022

2023

2021

2022

2023

2021

2022

2023

(dollars per
bushel)
5.48
5.83
5.86
6.04
6.46
6.23
6.26
7.14
7.75
7.92
8.52
8.59

(dollars per
bushel)
8.48
9.16
9.93
10.20
10.90
9.61
8.69
8.55
8.78
9.18
9.15
8.97

(dollars per
bushel)
8.81
8.54
8.35
8.31
8.07
7.67
7.61
7.35
7.07
6.98
6.53
6.79

(dollars per
bushel)
4.24
4.75
4.89
5.31
5.91
6.00
6.12
6.32
5.47
5.02
5.26
5.47

(dollars per
bushel)
5.58
6.09
6.56
7.07
7.26
7.38
7.25
7.24
7.09
6.49
6.49
6.58

(dollars per
bushel)
6.63
6.80
6.67
6.70
6.54
6.49
6.22
5.73
5.21
4.93
4.66
4.80

(dollars per
bushel)
10.90
12.70
13.20
13.90
14.80
14.50
14.10
13.70
12.20
11.90
12.10
12.50

(dollars per
bushel)
12.90
14.70
15.40
15.80
16.10
16.40
15.50
15.30
14.20
13.50
14.00
14.40

(dollars per
bushel)
14.50
15.10
14.90
14.90
14.40
14.20
14.70
14.10
13.20
12.70
13.00
13.10

Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month – United States: 2023 with Comparisons
[Price data source for livestock commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service. Blank data cells indicate
estimation period has not yet begun]
Beef cattle 1
All hogs 2
Month
2021
2022
2023
2021
2022
2023
(dollars per cwt)
January ..............
February .............
March .................
April ....................
May .....................
June ....................
July .....................
August ................
September .........
October ..............
November ..........
December ..........
1
2

(dollars per cwt)

110.00
112.00
113.00
118.00
118.00
121.00
122.00
123.00
124.00
123.00
129.00
137.00

135.00
137.00
139.00
139.00
141.00
140.00
142.00
141.00
143.00
145.00
151.00
154.00

(dollars per cwt)
156.00
158.00
164.00
171.00
173.00
181.00
181.00
182.00
181.00
182.00
180.00
172.00

(dollars per cwt)
50.20
56.40
67.20
75.60
79.30
82.70
80.00
79.00
70.80
65.50
58.60
56.50

(dollars per cwt)
58.80
68.60
75.10
76.20
75.90
78.70
83.00
85.80
73.80
70.50
66.70
62.50

(dollars per cwt)
58.50
59.60
61.70
57.00
58.80
64.60
74.30
73.70
64.90
60.40
57.50
53.30

Cows and steers & heifers.
Barrows & gilts and sows.

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

9

Prices Received for All Wheat – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons
State

December 2022

November 2023

December 2023

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

Arizona ...............................................
Arkansas ............................................
California ............................................
Colorado .............................................
Idaho ...................................................
Illinois ..................................................
Indiana ................................................
Kansas ...............................................
Michigan .............................................
Minnesota ...........................................

(D)
(D)
(D)
8.17
8.03
7.62
8.28
8.51
8.14
9.55

(S)
5.06
(D)
5.58
6.58
5.50
5.28
6.22
4.87
6.93

(D)
5.03
(D)
5.89
7.15
5.98
6.56
6.04
5.38
7.14

Missouri ..............................................
Montana .............................................
Nebraska ............................................
North Carolina ....................................
North Dakota ......................................
Ohio ....................................................
Oklahoma ...........................................
Oregon ...............................................
South Dakota .....................................
Texas ..................................................
Washington ........................................

7.97
9.51
8.36
8.55
9.13
7.35
8.02
(D)
8.95
9.73
8.05

6.15
6.95
5.96
5.39
7.15
5.33
5.75
(D)
6.36
5.65
6.38

6.60
7.16
6.04
5.91
7.42
5.63
6.09
(D)
6.61
6.10
6.02

United States .....................................

8.97

6.53

6.79

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

Prices Received for Winter Wheat – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons
State

December 2022

November 2023

December 2023

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

Arkansas ............................................
California ............................................
Colorado .............................................
Idaho ...................................................
Illinois ..................................................
Indiana ................................................
Kansas ...............................................
Michigan .............................................
Missouri ..............................................

(D)
(S)
8.17
8.03
7.62
8.28
8.51
8.14
7.97

5.06
(D)
5.58
6.51
5.50
5.28
6.22
4.87
6.15

5.03
(D)
5.89
7.16
5.98
6.56
6.04
5.38
6.60

Montana .............................................
Nebraska ............................................
North Carolina ....................................
North Dakota ......................................
Ohio ....................................................
Oklahoma ...........................................
Oregon ...............................................
South Dakota .....................................
Texas ..................................................
Washington ........................................

8.85
8.36
8.55
9.06
7.35
8.02
(D)
8.92
9.73
7.93

6.29
5.96
5.39
6.40
5.33
5.75
(D)
5.77
5.65
6.38

6.42
6.04
5.91
6.58
5.63
6.09
(D)
6.31
6.10
6.00

United States .....................................

8.47

6.10

6.20

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

10

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Received for Durum Wheat – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons
State

December 2022

November 2023

December 2023

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

Arizona ...............................................
California ............................................
Idaho ..................................................
Montana .............................................
North Dakota ......................................

(D)
(D)
(S)
(D)
9.90

(S)
(S)
(S)
(D)
9.32

(D)
(S)
(S)
(D)
9.37

United States .....................................

11.20

9.53

9.66

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

Prices Received for Spring Wheat – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons
State

December 2022

November 2023

(dollars per bushel)

December 2023

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

Idaho ..................................................
Minnesota ..........................................
Montana .............................................
North Dakota ......................................
South Dakota .....................................
Washington ........................................

8.03
9.55
9.25
9.07
8.98
8.52

6.77
6.93
7.26
6.57
6.79
6.36

7.33
7.14
7.30
6.83
6.80
6.12

United States .....................................

9.11

6.85

7.10

Prices Received for Oats – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons
State

December 2022

November 2023

December 2023

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

Illinois .................................................
Iowa ....................................................
Michigan .............................................
Minnesota ..........................................
Montana .............................................
Nebraska ............................................
New York ...........................................
North Dakota ......................................
Oregon ...............................................
Pennsylvania .....................................
South Dakota .....................................
Texas .................................................
Wisconsin ...........................................

5.06
(D)
4.49
4.69
(S)
(D)
(S)
4.30
(S)
4.43
3.80
(D)
5.83

(D)
4.61
(S)
3.93
(S)
3.57
(D)
3.97
(S)
(D)
3.53
(S)
3.34

(D)
4.75
(D)
3.64
(D)
4.33
(S)
4.02
(S)
(S)
(D)
(S)
3.26

United States .....................................

4.54

3.92

3.98

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

11

Prices Received for All Barley – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons
State

December 2022

November 2023

December 2023

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

California ............................................
Colorado .............................................
Idaho ...................................................
Minnesota ...........................................
Montana .............................................
North Dakota ......................................
Washington ........................................
Wyoming ............................................

(S)
6.63
8.04
(D)
7.46
7.05
7.26
(D)

(S)
7.73
8.39
(D)
7.13
(D)
9.76
8.13

(S)
7.51
7.30
(D)
6.38
6.08
(D)
8.24

United States .....................................

7.48

7.77

6.68

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

Prices Received for Malting Barley – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons
State

December 2022

November 2023

(dollars per bushel)

December 2023

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

California ............................................
Colorado .............................................
Idaho ...................................................
Minnesota ...........................................
Montana .............................................
North Dakota ......................................
Washington ........................................
Wyoming ............................................

(S)
6.63
(D)
(D)
7.54
7.38
(D)
(D)

(S)
7.73
8.42
(D)
7.30
(D)
(D)
8.13

(S)
7.51
7.46
(D)
7.01
(D)
(D)
8.28

United States .....................................

7.62

8.10

7.23

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

Prices Received for Feed Barley – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons
State

December 2022

November 2023

(dollars per bushel)

December 2023

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

California ............................................
Colorado .............................................
Idaho ...................................................
Minnesota ...........................................
Montana .............................................
North Dakota ......................................
Washington ........................................
Wyoming ............................................

(S)
(D)
(D)
(S)
(D)
6.04
5.50
(D)

(S)
(D)
5.99
(D)
(D)
(D)
4.64
(S)

(S)
(S)
(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)

United States .....................................

6.08

5.18

4.62

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

12

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Received for Corn – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons
State

December 2022

November 2023

December 2023

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

Colorado ............................................
Illinois .................................................
Indiana ...............................................
Iowa ....................................................
Kansas ...............................................
Kentucky ............................................
Michigan .............................................
Minnesota ..........................................
Missouri ..............................................
Nebraska ............................................

7.36
6.39
6.58
6.69
7.26
6.72
6.17
6.34
6.90
6.83

5.23
4.67
4.52
4.74
4.84
4.88
4.29
4.70
4.77
4.85

5.14
4.84
4.74
4.89
4.79
5.05
4.37
4.90
4.87
4.89

North Carolina ...................................
North Dakota ......................................
Ohio ....................................................
Pennsylvania .....................................
South Dakota .....................................
Tennessee .........................................
Texas .................................................
Wisconsin ...........................................

7.57
6.17
6.24
6.86
6.62
6.91
7.14
6.09

5.23
4.35
4.40
4.94
4.47
4.93
5.68
4.40

5.59
4.42
4.64
4.98
4.40
4.99
5.49
4.50

United States .....................................

6.58

4.66

4.80

Prices Received for Sorghum Grain – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons
State

December 2022

November 2023

(dollars per cwt)

December 2023

(dollars per cwt)

(dollars per cwt)

Kansas ...............................................
Nebraska ............................................
Oklahoma ...........................................
Texas .................................................

12.40
11.50
12.40
12.20

8.79
8.53
8.73
9.89

8.68
8.61
8.93
8.72

United States .....................................

12.30

9.05

8.70

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

13

Prices Received for Soybeans – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons
State

December 2022

November 2023

December 2023

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

Arkansas ............................................
Illinois ..................................................
Indiana ................................................
Iowa ....................................................
Kansas ...............................................
Kentucky .............................................
Louisiana ............................................
Michigan .............................................
Minnesota ...........................................
Mississippi ..........................................

14.70
14.40
14.80
14.50
14.60
14.40
13.60
14.60
14.60
14.00

12.90
13.10
13.10
13.20
13.00
13.20
13.40
13.30
12.90
13.60

13.30
13.30
13.40
13.00
12.80
13.30
13.30
13.40
12.80
13.60

Missouri ..............................................
Nebraska ............................................
North Carolina ....................................
North Dakota ......................................
Ohio ....................................................
South Dakota .....................................
Tennessee .........................................
Wisconsin ...........................................

14.70
14.30
14.50
13.80
14.70
14.40
14.20
14.20

13.10
12.80
13.00
12.40
13.10
12.80
13.00
12.80

13.10
12.80
12.70
12.40
13.10
12.90
13.20
13.00

United States .....................................

14.40

13.00

13.10

Prices Received for Dry Beans – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons
State

December 2022

November 2023

(dollars per cwt)

December 2023

(dollars per cwt)

(dollars per cwt)

California ............................................
Colorado .............................................
Idaho ...................................................
Michigan .............................................
Minnesota ...........................................
Nebraska ............................................
North Dakota ......................................

(D)
38.70
(D)
43.80
37.60
(D)
38.40

(D)
(D)
(D)
44.90
38.50
(D)
39.50

(D)
(D)
40.60
45.80
41.60
(D)
40.40

United States .....................................

41.00

40.60

42.70

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

14

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Received for Canola – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons
State

December 2022

November 2023

December 2023

(dollars per cwt)

(dollars per cwt)

(dollars per cwt)

Minnesota ..........................................
Montana .............................................
North Dakota ......................................
Oklahoma ...........................................

(S)
(D)
29.30
(S)

(D)
(D)
25.60
(S)

(S)
(D)
24.20
(S)

United States .....................................

29.20

25.50

24.20

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

Prices Received for Flaxseed – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons
State

December 2022

November 2023

December 2023

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

North Dakota ......................................

18.30

12.20

13.40

United States .....................................

18.30

12.20

13.40

Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons
State

December 2022

November 2023

(dollars per pound)

December 2023

(dollars per pound)

(dollars per pound)

Alabama .............................................
Arkansas ............................................
Florida ................................................
Georgia ..............................................
Mississippi ..........................................
New Mexico .......................................
North Carolina ...................................
Oklahoma ...........................................
South Carolina ...................................
Texas .................................................
Virginia ...............................................

0.273
0.244
0.294
0.229
0.286
0.127
0.292
0.145
0.228
0.369
(S)

0.237
0.271
0.263
0.254
0.133
0.483
0.271
0.328
0.269
0.584
0.277

0.226
(S)
0.267
0.234
(S)
0.318
0.225
0.218
0.281
0.409
0.108

United States .....................................

0.245

0.295

0.243

(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

Prices Received for Sunflower – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons
State

December 2022

November 2023

(dollars per cwt)

December 2023

(dollars per cwt)

(dollars per cwt)

Kansas ...............................................
Minnesota ..........................................
North Dakota ......................................
South Dakota .....................................

(D)
(S)
29.90
27.20

(D)
(D)
23.70
19.80

(D)
(D)
24.90
20.80

United States .....................................

29.50

22.60

24.20

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

15

Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed – States and United States: December 2023
with Comparisons
[Cottonseed marketing year August - February]
Cotton, Upland
State

December
2022

November
2023

Cottonseed
December
2023

(dollars per pound) (dollars per pound) (dollars per pound)

December
2022

November
2023

December
2023

(dollars per ton)

(dollars per ton)

(dollars per ton)

Alabama ..............................
Arizona ................................
Arkansas .............................
California .............................
Georgia ................................
Louisiana .............................
Mississippi ...........................
North Carolina .....................
Tennessee ..........................
Texas ...................................

0.839
(D)
0.715
(D)
1.010
(D)
(D)
0.866
0.912
0.780

0.636
(S)
(D)
(S)
0.818
0.639
0.706
0.783
0.692
0.686

0.705
(S)
(D)
(S)
0.797
0.792
0.758
0.791
(D)
0.724

216.00
433.00
375.00
(S)
269.00
(S)
(S)
274.00
362.00
400.00

177.00
297.00
235.00
375.00
166.00
(S)
255.00
229.00
244.00
251.00

178.00
302.00
(S)
(S)
168.00
(S)
(S)
226.00
240.00
253.00

United States ......................

0.846

0.724

0.732

315.00

226.00

209.00

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice – United States: December 2023
with Comparisons
Item

December 2022

November 2023

December 2023

Cotton, Upland
Average price ........................................ dollars/pound
Marketings 1 ............................................. 1,000 bales

0.846
1,576

0.724
1,555

0.732
1,801

Rice, all
Average price ............................................. dollars/cwt
Marketings 2 .................................................1,000 cwt

20.80
11,834

17.00
14,924

17.50
12,104

Rice, long
Average price ............................................. dollars/cwt
Marketings 2 .................................................1,000 cwt

16.80
9,198

15.60
12,722

15.70
9,868

Rice, medium and short
California
Average price ............................................. dollars/cwt

40.10

33.30

32.90

Other States 3
Average price ............................................. dollars/cwt

17.50

16.70

17.20

United States
Average price ............................................. dollars/cwt
Marketings 2 .................................................1,000 cwt

34.70
2,636

25.30
2,202

25.80
2,236

1

2
3

Marketings based on a survey of cotton buyers in the major producing States - Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Louisiana,
Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas.
Purchases by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped by cooperatives.
Other States include Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas.

16

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Received for Hay by Type – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons
All hay
State

Alfalfa hay

Other hay

December
2022

November
2023

December
2023

December
2022

November
2023

December
2023

December
2022

November
2023

December
2023

Arizona ..............................
California ...........................
Colorado ...........................
Idaho .................................
Illinois ................................
Iowa ...................................
Kansas ..............................
Kentucky ...........................
Michigan ............................
Minnesota .........................

(dollars per
ton)
341.00
352.00
257.00
268.00
163.00
175.00
232.00
178.00
167.00
156.00

(dollars per
ton)
214.00
215.00
255.00
195.00
167.00
182.00
203.00
194.00
176.00
163.00

(dollars per
ton)
219.00
238.00
244.00
195.00
171.00
169.00
191.00
197.00
173.00
158.00

(dollars per
ton)
350.00
370.00
260.00
270.00
185.00
186.00
270.00
220.00
190.00
174.00

(dollars per
ton)
215.00
220.00
255.00
195.00
180.00
189.00
230.00
230.00
200.00
182.00

(dollars per
ton)
220.00
245.00
245.00
195.00
185.00
181.00
215.00
230.00
195.00
172.00

(dollars per
ton)
245.00
300.00
250.00
240.00
120.00
154.00
152.00
165.00
120.00
128.00

(dollars per
ton)
135.00
200.00
250.00
195.00
135.00
149.00
153.00
181.00
135.00
143.00

(dollars per
ton)
150.00
215.00
240.00
190.00
140.00
151.00
147.00
184.00
135.00
132.00

Missouri .............................
Montana ............................
Nebraska ...........................
Nevada ..............................
New Mexico ......................
New York ..........................
North Dakota .....................
Ohio ...................................
Oklahoma ..........................
Oregon ..............................

143.00
233.00
185.00
309.00
289.00
184.00
113.00
164.00
150.00
304.00

143.00
163.00
173.00
192.00
283.00
172.00
116.00
178.00
130.00
250.00

143.00
158.00
172.00
174.00
263.00
199.00
112.00
175.00
115.00
246.00

170.00
235.00
209.00
310.00
300.00
255.00
118.00
180.00
271.00
325.00

175.00
165.00
190.00
195.00
290.00
224.00
120.00
195.00
195.00
255.00

175.00
160.00
188.00
175.00
270.00
240.00
117.00
190.00
195.00
250.00

140.00
225.00
130.00
280.00
235.00
162.00
83.00
155.00
141.00
270.00

135.00
150.00
135.00
155.00
245.00
156.00
80.00
165.00
117.00
240.00

135.00
145.00
136.00
140.00
225.00
187.00
86.00
165.00
110.00
240.00

Pennsylvania ....................
South Dakota ....................
Texas ................................
Utah ...................................
Washington .......................
Wisconsin ..........................
Wyoming ...........................

179.00
167.00
193.00
305.00
314.00
159.00
235.00

174.00
152.00
217.00
194.00
249.00
184.00
199.00

198.00
156.00
216.00
175.00
240.00
179.00
187.00

255.00
183.00
271.00
310.00
325.00
168.00
240.00

224.00
160.00
268.00
195.00
250.00
196.00
200.00

244.00
170.00
270.00
175.00
240.00
187.00
190.00

165.00
130.00
175.00
250.00
280.00
115.00
220.00

161.00
135.00
209.00
140.00
245.00
140.00
195.00

186.00
132.00
209.00
130.00
240.00
148.00
180.00

United States ....................

235.00

195.00

191.00

268.00

207.00

205.00

180.00

170.00

170.00

Prices Received for Premium and Supreme Alfalfa Hay – States and 5-State Total: December 2023
State

December 2022

November 2023

(dollars per ton)

December 2023

(dollars per ton)

(dollars per ton)

California ............................................
Idaho ..................................................
Michigan .............................................
Minnesota ..........................................
New York ...........................................
Pennsylvania .....................................
Texas .................................................
Wisconsin ...........................................

390.00
305.00
215.00
224.00
320.00
333.00
334.00
196.00

290.00
255.00
225.00
208.00
304.00
311.00
309.00
230.00

320.00
250.00
225.00
221.00
315.00
310.00
309.00
233.00

5-State Total 1 2 .................................

327.00

271.00

275.00

1

2

5-State total represents a weighted (hay purchases) average price for the five largest milk producing States (based on the pounds of milk produced
during the previous month).
For December 2022, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. For November 2023, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas,
and Wisconsin. For December 2023, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin.

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

17

Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – States and United States: December 2022
Equivalent returns

Commodity,
State,
and type

FOB
packed
fresh

All

Fresh

Process

All

Fresh

Process

Grapefruit .................................................

(dollars per
box)
44.50

(dollars per
box)
25.27

(dollars per
box)
33.43

(dollars per
box)
7.03

(dollars per
box)
22.66

(dollars per
box)
31.03

(dollars per
box)
3.96

Lemons .....................................................

42.70

24.39

31.63

(D)

17.55

24.43

(D)

Oranges ....................................................

34.50

15.94

23.81

9.06

12.91

20.89

5.92

Packinghouse door

On-tree

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – States and United States: November 2023
Equivalent returns

Commodity,
State,
and type

FOB
packed
fresh

All

Fresh

Process

All

Fresh

Process

Grapefruit .................................................

(dollars per
box)
54.40

(dollars per
box)
30.99

(dollars per
box)
43.28

(dollars per
box)
6.47

(dollars per
box)
28.22

(dollars per
box)
41.04

(dollars per
box)
2.65

Lemons .....................................................

54.40

35.56

43.09

(D)

28.51

35.75

(D)

Oranges ....................................................

40.00

23.45

28.74

(D)

20.33

25.66

(D)

Packinghouse door

On-tree

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – States and United States: December 2023
Commodity,
State,
and type

Equivalent returns

FOB
packed
fresh

All

Fresh

Process

All

Fresh

Process

(dollars per
box)

(dollars per
box)

(dollars per
box)

(dollars per
box)

(dollars per
box)

(dollars per
box)

(dollars per
box)

Packinghouse door

On-tree

Grapefruit .................................................

53.20

28.74

41.73

6.81

25.97

39.34

3.39

Lemons .....................................................

50.40

31.44

39.11

(D)

24.41

31.77

(D)

Oranges ....................................................

35.80

16.01

24.45

9.57

12.56

21.37

5.83

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

18

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Received for All Milk – States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons
[Before deduction for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies]
December 2022

State

November 2023

December 2023

Price

Fat test

Price

Fat test

Price

Fat test

(dollars per cwt)

(percent)

(dollars per cwt)

(percent)

(dollars per cwt)

(percent)

Arizona ..................................
California ...............................
Colorado ...............................
Florida ...................................
Georgia .................................
Idaho .....................................
Illinois ....................................
Indiana ..................................
Iowa .......................................
Kansas ..................................

23.90
23.90
25.00
28.10
27.70
25.10
24.50
25.30
24.00
23.10

3.94
4.27
4.07
3.78
3.97
4.43
4.27
4.16
4.38
4.39

20.70
21.80
22.50
25.80
25.70
22.00
21.70
22.80
19.60
20.50

4.04
4.28
4.16
3.94
4.02
4.50
4.31
4.17
4.52
4.37

19.60
20.90
21.30
25.20
24.80
20.30
20.70
21.90
19.10
19.60

4.09
4.32
4.19
3.94
4.08
4.46
4.35
4.21
4.55
4.46

Michigan ................................
Minnesota .............................
New Mexico ..........................
New York ..............................
Ohio .......................................
Oregon ..................................
Pennsylvania ........................
South Dakota ........................
Texas ....................................
Utah .......................................

23.40
24.50
22.20
24.90
25.50
28.20
25.50
25.90
24.60
24.40

4.11
4.51
4.10
4.17
4.17
4.60
4.18
4.72
4.40
4.20

21.10
20.70
20.30
23.20
22.60
24.90
23.10
21.60
21.50
21.80

4.22
4.66
4.19
4.28
4.14
4.58
4.24
4.76
4.38
4.25

20.20
19.40
19.20
21.90
21.50
23.40
21.80
20.60
20.40
20.60

4.23
4.64
4.22
4.30
4.21
4.58
4.22
4.77
4.49
4.32

Vermont ................................
Virginia ..................................
Washington ...........................
Wisconsin ..............................

25.40
27.70
26.10
23.70

4.18
4.12
4.48
4.22

23.60
25.80
23.50
19.80

4.31
4.16
4.46
4.26

22.40
24.80
21.90
19.00

4.34
4.22
4.46
4.29

United States ........................

24.50

4.27

21.70

4.32

20.60

4.35

Prices Received for Milk Cows – States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons
[Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Quarterly United States milk cow prices are based on revised milk cow inventory]
State
January 2023
October 2023
January 2024
(dollars per head)

(dollars per head)

(dollars per head)

Arizona ...............................................
California ............................................
Colorado ............................................
Florida ................................................
Georgia ..............................................
Idaho ..................................................
Illinois .................................................
Indiana ...............................................
Iowa ....................................................
Kansas ...............................................

1,850
1,820
1,700
1,750
1,550
1,600
1,640
1,860
1,670
1,700

1,850
1,800
1,850
2,030
1,820
1,800
1,730
1,930
1,820
1,800

2,000
1,750
1,800
2,230
1,970
1,900
1,850
2,020
1,860
1,850

Michigan .............................................
Minnesota ..........................................
New Mexico .......................................
New York ...........................................
Ohio ....................................................
Oregon ...............................................
Pennsylvania .....................................
South Dakota .....................................
Texas .................................................
Utah ....................................................

1,800
1,560
1,750
1,720
1,550
1,500
1,800
1,700
1,550
1,450

1,980
1,810
1,650
1,880
1,780
1,600
1,870
1,800
1,850
1,600

2,190
1,850
1,900
1,940
1,810
1,650
1,970
1,830
1,750
1,600

Vermont .............................................
Virginia ...............................................
Washington ........................................
Wisconsin ...........................................

1,760
1,700
1,500
1,810

1,850
1,800
1,750
1,990

1,950
2,000
1,750
2,060

United States .....................................

1,720

1,850

1,890

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

19

Parity Price Overview
Parity prices, based on data from January 2023, and adjusted base price data from which parity prices are computed are
presented in the tables on the following pages. Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III. Subtitle A,
Section 301(a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, 1954, and
1956.
The parity prices shown in this report are based on the provisions of the amended Act. Briefly, the actual method of
computation is as follows:
a. The average of prices received by farmers for individual commodities for the 10 preceding years is calculated (for 2023,
the 10-average includes the years 2013-2022). An allowance for unredeemed loans and other supplemental payments
resulting from price support programs, such as the deficiency payments for grains and cotton, is included for those
commodities for which applicable.
b. This 10-year average is divided by the average of the Index of Prices Received by Farmers for the same 10 preceding
calendar years, adjusted to include an allowance for unredeemed loans and other supplemental price support operations, to
give an "adjusted base price".
c. Parity prices are computed by multiplying the "adjusted base prices" by the current Parity Index (the Index of Prices
Paid by Farmers, including Interest, Taxes, and Wage Rates, 1910-1914=100).
Parity prices are calculated in terms of prices received by farmers in the local markets in which they ordinarily sell. This
means that the parity prices apply to the average of all classes and grades of the commodity as sold by all farmers in the
United States, except as otherwise specified. Fruits and vegetables for fresh use and for processing are usually considered
separate commodities and separate parity prices are calculated. The Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937
provided for parity prices for certain commodities covered by a marketing agreement or order program. Under present
legislation, United States parity prices, with appropriate adjustments where needed, may be used for the purpose of this
Act.

20

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price – United States: December 2023
with Comparisons
[Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the
Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February Agricultural Prices for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations. Parity
data not available for blank cells. Primary source of data for livestock and milk prices is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural
Marketing Service]
Price as percent
Parity price
Adjusted
of parity
Commodity and unit
base
December
November
December
December
November
December
price
2022
2023
2023
2022
2023
2023
(dollars)
Basic commodities
All wheat .......................................... bushel
Rice ....................................................... cwt
Corn ................................................. bushel
Cotton
Upland ......................................... pound
American Pima ............................ pound
Peanuts ............................................ pound
Small chickpeas 1 ................................. cwt
Large chickpeas 1 ................................. cwt
Lentils 1 ................................................. cwt

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

0.544
1.29
0.407

19.70
47.10
15.10

20.40
48.30
15.20

20.20
48.00
15.10

46
44
44

32
35
31

34
36
32

0.066
0.144
0.021
2.26
2.76
2.33

2.41
4.93
0.816
82.70
105.00
81.60

2.47
5.39
0.786
84.60
103.00
87.20

2.46
5.36
0.781
84.10
103.00
86.70

35
50
30
36
34
43

29
33
38
79
37
45

30
33
31
47
34
45

Designated non-basic
All milk, to plants 2 ................................ cwt
Honey, extracted 3 ........................... pound

1.80
0.210

64.20
7.46

67.40
7.86

67.00
7.81

38
40

31
38

30
38

Wool and mohair
Wool ................................................. pound
Mohair .............................................. pound

0.147
0.485

5.49
17.20

5.50
18.20

5.47
18.00

31
33

28
36

28
36

Other non-basic
Apples, fresh 4 ................................. pound
Barley ............................................... bushel
Canola ................................................... cwt
Cottonseed ............................................ ton
Dry edible beans .................................. cwt
Flaxseed .......................................... bushel
Oats .................................................. bushel
Potatoes, fresh ..................................... cwt
Sorghum grain ...................................... cwt
Soybeans ......................................... bushel
Sunflower, all ........................................ cwt

0.045
0.489
1.85
19.50
3.09
1.19
0.301
1.07
0.718
1.01
2.06

1.520
18.00
67.50
697.00
114.00
40.80
10.60
39.70
26.40
37.80
74.60

1.680
18.30
69.20
730.00
116.00
44.50
11.30
40.10
26.90
37.80
77.10

1.670
18.20
68.80
726.00
115.00
44.30
11.20
39.80
26.70
37.60
76.70

58
42
43
45
37
45
43
54
47
38
40

41
42
37
31
35
27
35
29
34
34
29

38
37
35
29
39
30
36
28
33
35
32

Citrus (equivalent on-tree)
Grapefruit .............................................. box
Lemons ................................................. box
Oranges ................................................ box

1.08
2.10
1.130

37.80
77.50
40.10

40.40
78.60
42.30

40.20
78.10
42.00

60
23
32

70
36
48

65
31
30

Livestock and poultry
Beef cattle ............................................. cwt
Broilers ............................................. pound
Calves ................................................... cwt
Eggs 2 ................................................dozen
Hogs ...................................................... cwt
Turkeys, live .................................... pound

11.80
0.052
17.30
0.111
5.50
0.069

434.00
1.82
638.00
3.63
202.00
2.450

442.00
1.95
648.00
4.15
206.00
2.580

439.00
1.93
644.00
4.13
205.00
2.570

35
40
32
98
31
50

41
34
45
39
28
25

39
38
43
36
26
18

1
2
3

4

Parity prices began January 2015.
Seasonally adjusted price as percentage of parity price.
Wholesale extracted. Adjusted base price derived from state annual averages prices weighted by production. For 1982 through 1985 the national
averages are the support prices.
Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York, Oregon, and Washington. Price at point of first sale for other states.

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

21

Commodity Parity Prices – United States: December 2023 with Comparisons
[Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the
Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February Agricultural Prices for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations]
Commodity and unit

Parity price

Adjusted
base
price

December
2022

November
2023

December
2023

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

Field crops and miscellaneous
Hops ..................................................................................pound
Mustard seed ........................................................................ cwt
Rapeseed .............................................................................. cwt
Rye ................................................................................... bushel
Safflower ............................................................................... cwt
Spearmint oil .....................................................................pound
Sweet potatoes ..................................................................... cwt

0.481
3.00
2.32
0.595
2.21
1.66
2.06

16.90
109.00
87.90
22.20
80.50
61.20
76.00

18.00
112.00
86.80
22.30
82.70
62.10
77.10

17.90
112.00
86.30
22.10
82.20
61.80
76.70

Tobacco
Flue-cured, 11-14 .........................................................pound
Fire-cured, 21-23 ..........................................................pound
Burley, 31 ......................................................................pound
Maryland, 32 .................................................................pound
Dark air-cured, 35-37 ...................................................pound
Pennsylvania seedleaf, 41 ...........................................pound

0.185
0.253
0.185
0.185
0.226
0.253

6.86
9.31
6.82
6.56
8.31
8.72

6.92
9.47
6.92
6.92
8.46
9.47

6.88
9.41
6.88
6.88
8.41
9.41

20.20
123.00
217.00

768.00
4,600.00
6,970.00

756.00
4,600.00
8,120.00

752.00
4,580.00
8,070.00

218.00
0.028
3.08
255.00

7,680.00
1.190
119.00
8,830.00

8,160.00
1.050
115.00
9,540.00

8,110.00
1.040
115.00
9,490.00

83.50
153.00
92.60
111.00

3,000.00
5,230.00
3,260.00
4,040.00

3,130.00
5,730.00
3,470.00
4,150.00

3,110.00
5,690.00
3,450.00
4,130.00

Non-citrus fruit
Apples, processing 1 2 ........................................................... ton
Apricots, fresh 3 ..................................................................... ton
Avocados 2 3 ........................................................................... ton
Cherries
Sweet ................................................................................. ton
Tart 2 ..............................................................................pound
Cranberry 2 4 ..................................................................... barrel
Dates (California) 3 ................................................................ ton
Grapes (California)
Wine, processing ............................................................... ton
Kiwifruit 2 ................................................................................ ton
Nectarines, fresh (California) 3 .............................................. ton
Olives, canning (California) 4 ................................................ ton
See footnote(s) at end of table.

22

--continued

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Commodity Parity Prices – United States: December 2023 with Comparisons (continued)
[Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the
Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February Agricultural Prices for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations]
Commodity and unit

Non-citrus fruit - continued
Papayas (Hawaii) .............................................................pound
Peaches, fresh 4 5 .................................................................. ton
Pears, fresh 5 ......................................................................... ton
Plums (California) equivalent on-tree
Fresh 6 ............................................................................... ton
Strawberries
Fresh 7 .............................................................................. cwt
Processing ........................................................................ cwt

Parity price

Adjusted
base
price

December
2022

November
2023

December
2023

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

0.051
117.00
60.60

1.67
4,190.00
2,280.00

1.91
4,380.00
2,270.00

1.90
4,350.00
2,250.00

97.80

3,370.00

3,660.00

3,640.00

10.80
4.05

386.00
153.00

404.00
152.00

402.00
151.00

Sugar crops
Sugar beets 2 8 .................................................................. ton
Sugarcane 2 8 .................................................................... ton

4.25
3.45

159.00
126.00

159.00
129.00

158.00
128.00

Tree nuts 9
Almonds ............................................................................pound
Hazelnuts ............................................................................... ton
Pistachios .........................................................................pound
Walnuts .................................................................................. ton

0.235
218.00
0.242
182.00

9.16
8,270.00
9.38
7,640.00

8.80
8,160.00
9.06
6,810.00

8.74
8,110.00
9.00
6,770.00

Vegetables, fresh 7
Carrots 10 ............................................................................... cwt
Cauliflower 10 ........................................................................ cwt
Celery 10 ................................................................................ cwt
Honeydew melons ................................................................ cwt
Lettuce .................................................................................. cwt
Onions 10 ............................................................................... cwt
Tomatoes .............................................................................. cwt

2.92
4.71
2.24
2.37
2.85
1.68
4.22

97.90
156.00
79.00
77.90
97.90
53.80
151.00

109.00
176.00
83.80
88.70
107.00
62.90
158.00

109.00
175.00
83.40
88.20
106.00
62.50
157.00

1

Equivalent returns at processing plant door.
Adjusted base price is carried forward from the previous year since current marketing year average price is not yet available.
3
Equivalent returns at packinghouse door.
4
Equivalent returns for bulk fruit at first delivery point.
5
Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York (apples only), Oregon (except Peaches), and Washington. Price at point of first sale
for other states.
6
Based on "as sold" prices for fresh fruit in all states.
7
FOB shipping point price.
8
Relates to prices including average conditional payments per ton made under the sugar acts of 1937 and 1948. Crop deficiency and abandonment
payments not included.
9
Prices In-Shell basis except almonds which are shelled basis.
10
Includes some processing.
2

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

23

Marketing Year for Specified Commodities
Rice: August 1 to July 31 for United States, Arkansas, and Mississippi; July 1 to June 30 for Louisiana and Texas;
September 1 to August 31 for Missouri; October 1 to September 30 for California.
Rice Market Year Average Prices Received by All and Length of Grain – States and United States:
Marketing Years 2021 through 2022
State

2021

2022

All rice
Arkansas ..........................................................................
California ..........................................................................
Louisiana ..........................................................................
Mississippi ........................................................................
Missouri ............................................................................
Texas ................................................................................

13.50
32.00
13.70
13.50
13.60
14.20

16.50
41.00
17.00
16.90
16.60
17.40

United States 1 .................................................................

16.10

19.80

Long grain
United States 1 .................................................................

13.60

16.70

Medium and short grain
California ..........................................................................
Other States 1 ..................................................................

31.90
13.90

40.90
18.20

United States 1 .................................................................

26.40

33.80

1

Based on state prices weighted by marketings for August through July.

24

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

All Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month – United States: Marketing Years
2022-2023 through 2023-2024
[Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of August through July]
Prices received
Farm marketings 1
Month
2
2
2
2022-2023
2023-2024
2022-2023
2023-2024 2
(dollars per cwt)

(dollars per cwt)

August ...........
September ....
October .........
November .....
December .....
January 3 .......
February ........
March ............
April ...............
May ................
June ...............
July ................

19.20
17.70
18.80
19.70
20.80
20.30
19.60
19.30
20.00
20.40
21.20
22.00

MYA ...............

19.80

1
2

3

(1,000 cwt)
22.40
17.30
17.30
17.00
17.50

(1,000 cwt)
4,685
9,203
10,359
9,616
11,834
14,942
11,044
14,412
9,200
8,037
6,430
5,247

4,532
10,144
15,149
14,924
12,104

115,009

Purchases from producers as reported by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped from producers as reported by cooperative mills.
Prices and marketings include late reports and revised data for October 2022 - November 2023. Final monthly prices, marketings, and MYA price will
be published in the January 2025 Agricultural Prices report.
Second year.

Long Grain Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month – United States: Marketing
Years 2022-2023 through 2023-2024
[Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of August through July]
Prices received
Farm marketings 1
Month
2
2
2
2022-2023
2023-2024
2022-2023
2023-2024 2
(dollars per cwt)

(dollars per cwt)

August ...........
September ....
October .........
November .....
December .....
January 3 .......
February ........
March ............
April ...............
May ................
June ...............
July ................

15.60
16.10
16.00
16.20
16.80
16.80
17.10
17.10
17.10
17.00
16.60
16.80

MYA ...............

16.70

1
2

3

(1,000 cwt)
16.90
15.60
15.40
15.60
15.70

(1,000 cwt)
3,455
7,465
8,676
7,667
9,198
12,032
9,333
12,510
7,940
6,702
4,903
3,965

3,982
9,492
12,004
12,722
9,868

93,846

Purchases from producers as reported by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped from producers as reported by cooperative mills.
Prices and marketings include late reports and revised data for October 2022 - November 2023. Final monthly prices, marketings, and MYA price will
be published in the January 2025 Agricultural Prices report.
Second year.

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

25

Medium and Short Grain Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month – United States:
Marketing Years 2022-2022 through 2023-2024
[Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of August through July]
Prices received
Farm marketings 1
Month
2
2
2
2022-2023
2023-2024
2022-2023
2023-2024 2
(dollars per cwt)

(dollars per cwt)

August ..........
September ....
October .........
November .....
December .....
January 3 ......
February .......
March ............
April ...............
May ...............
June ..............
July ...............

29.30
24.30
33.10
33.10
34.70
35.00
33.50
33.70
38.20
37.60
36.20
38.10

MYA ..............

33.80

1
2

3

(1,000 cwt)

(1,000 cwt)

39.30
30.30
24.70
25.30
25.80

1,230
1,738
1,683
1,949
2,636
2,910
1,711
1,902
1,260
1,335
1,527
1,282

1,108
1,224
3,145
2,202
2,236

21,163

Purchases from producers as reported by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped from producers as reported by cooperative mills.
Prices and marketings include late reports and revised data for October 2022 - November 2023. Final monthly prices, marketings, and MYA price will
be published in the January 2025 Agricultural Prices report.
Second year.

Medium and Short Grain Rice Prices Received by Month – California and Other States: Marketing
Years 2022-2023 through 2023-2024
[Marketing year for California: October - September. Marketing Year for Other States: August - July. Other States include Arkansas, Louisiana,
Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas]
Month

California
2022-2023 1
(dollars per cwt)
32.70
32.70
41.90
39.60
40.10
41.90
41.70
40.90
40.90
41.20
40.60
40.70

MYA ...................

40.90

2

3

2023-2024 2

2022-2023

(dollars per cwt)

August ...............
September .........
October ..............
November ..........
December ..........
January 3 ...........
February ............
March .................
April ....................
May ....................
June ...................
July ....................

1

Other States
2023-2024 1

(dollars per cwt)
40.60
40.90
33.60
33.30
32.90

(dollars per cwt)
16.80
17.10
17.30
17.50
17.50
17.80
18.10
19.30
18.10
20.70
20.90
22.10

21.30
18.30
18.90
16.70
17.20

18.20

Prices include late reports and revised data for October 2022 - November 2023.
Prices include late reports and revised data for August 2023 - November 2023. Final monthly prices and MYA price will be published in the October
2024 Agricultural Prices report.
Second year.

26

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Received Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average –
United States: 2019-2023
[Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]
Agricultural production
Year
January February March
April
May
June
July
August September
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

86.0
88.7
89.3
111.6
124.5

89.8
90.6
94.8
119.8
126.6

92.9
92.5
97.6
127.2
128.3

93.4
82.0
104.3
133.8
131.0

92.2
84.5
106.3
135.0
127.2

93.4
88.0
107.3
135.3
127.6

91.1
86.6
106.9
134.3
125.1

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

78.0
82.2
88.3
105.0
118.0

84.3
86.6
97.2
114.6
120.6

87.2
87.4
98.5
120.9
118.7

85.2
86.3
105.1
122.9
126.2

84.0
86.7
106.1
124.2
120.6

89.5
89.5
107.5
126.9
120.7

88.9
88.4
106.8
125.0
119.5

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

64.8
67.4
78.5
99.3
113.7

65.3
67.2
88.4
109.6
117.0

65.0
66.1
90.6
116.1
114.8

63.5
62.5
96.8
122.2
115.1

63.1
60.9
104.1
124.9
111.9

66.9
60.6
101.6
126.3
109.7

67.0
61.4
99.7
120.5
107.6

91.4
86.7
109.6
131.4
125.6

88.1
88.6
108.7
131.2
121.8

October November December
86.2
88.7
106.9
127.6
113.9

89.9
92.6
108.7
133.5
114.0

91.1
90.7
112.8
137.8
113.5

Annual 1
89.9
94.9
110.0
130.1
118.6

Crop production
August

September

89.4
89.9
110.5
128.2
117.7

88.6
93.1
108.8
126.8
112.4

October November December
83.1
87.8
106.4
121.6
103.9

85.0
91.6
107.5
127.0
101.0

86.0
91.2
106.6
128.7
101.7

Annual 1
84.8
100.5
114.5
123.3
106.5

Grain and oilseed
August

September

65.8
61.8
104.1
121.1
102.9

65.2
66.1
96.1
116.8
96.4

October November December
67.2
70.4
91.9
109.3
93.9

65.0
71.7
93.1
111.1
88.8

66.0
75.0
97.8
113.7
91.1

Annual 1
64.6
87.0
109.6
113.0
92.8

Food grain
January

February

March

April

May

June

July

73.8
77.8
84.2
118.0
125.3

74.5
78.6
88.9
120.3
122.8

72.9
79.3
88.6
127.8
120.7

70.8
79.6
90.3
131.0
121.5

68.8
79.1
96.6
138.6
121.0

66.6
68.8
88.6
129.6
109.0

62.2
65.1
86.4
118.0
106.2

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

59.4
63.1
71.2
93.2
110.5

60.3
63.1
80.0
101.7
113.5

60.6
61.6
82.0
109.4
111.3

59.0
55.1
88.8
117.7
111.7

60.6
53.6
98.5
120.8
108.9

66.6
53.2
99.8
122.5
108.2

69.7
54.7
101.7
120.0
103.6

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

69.4
70.9
86.8
103.7
116.0

68.9
69.3
100.2
117.7
120.5

68.6
68.5
103.9
122.9
118.5

66.9
67.6
109.6
125.9
118.4

65.2
67.4
116.0
127.9
114.5

67.5
67.7
113.9
130.7
112.9

67.8
69.0
111.1
123.7
116.6

August

September

62.9
68.0
98.4
118.5
105.4

65.1
72.5
105.0
119.8
102.4

October November December
71.3
77.1
110.5
126.4
106.0

74.2
81.4
113.2
128.9
101.5

73.8
82.5
118.0
129.4
102.9

Annual 1
72.7
79.8
115.5
123.5
104.4

Feed grain
August

September

66.6
54.1
104.7
121.1
96.8

63.8
57.9
91.3
118.4
87.7

October November December
64.1
60.8
83.9
108.6
82.6

61.2
64.1
87.9
108.7
78.2

61.7
67.2
91.5
110.1
80.4

Annual 1
59.2
81.4
104.9
109.1
82.2

Oilseed
August

September

67.1
70.5
108.2
122.9
112.5

67.0
74.1
98.4
113.6
105.6

October November December
68.9
77.0
95.5
108.0
101.4

68.7
82.0
97.4
111.9
103.6

69.6
84.3
100.7
114.8
104.3

Annual 1
68.6
97.5
113.9
115.0
103.8

Fruit and tree nut
January

February

March

April

May

June

July

118.0
113.0
125.8
135.8
151.6

110.4
129.2
125.4
135.8
138.7

114.2
127.4
120.3
125.8
132.9

106.5
121.4
138.6
135.3
140.2

98.5
121.5
123.2
132.3
130.4

112.9
135.5
127.9
140.4
143.2

120.7
146.2
130.0
141.9
155.4

See footnote(s) at end of table.

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

August

September

124.4
141.1
134.3
151.7
164.3

128.8
142.2
133.5
151.3
165.8

October November December
128.0
145.3
134.7
154.6
163.4

127.0
145.1
135.7
152.6
158.4

123.4
135.0
133.0
147.0
143.8

Annual 1
119.3
137.4
135.1
154.2
151.4
--continued

27

Prices Received Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average –
United States: 2019-2023 (continued)
[Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]
Vegetables & melons
Year
January February March
April
May
June
July
August September
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....

117.2
189.5
121.2
130.9
171.2

122.8
111.9
99.0
130.2
155.2

144.4
128.7
104.8
173.2
147.8

113.7
112.0
93.3
127.3
207.4

104.5
109.4
93.8
126.8
160.7

127.5
133.5
103.6
127.0
164.4

121.9
118.9
104.1
136.1
159.0

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

84.9
80.4
86.2
108.8
108.8

84.8
80.4
88.6
110.7
110.6

86.4
79.4
88.7
113.2
113.9

88.1
78.5
89.5
114.5
118.3

91.0
80.9
97.5
119.8
122.0

93.7
85.5
103.0
126.2
127.5

92.9
87.0
103.0
129.0
123.7

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

92.3
96.1
93.8
118.7
132.1

93.8
95.1
96.8
125.3
132.1

97.5
97.7
100.0
133.3
134.4

97.3
84.2
106.9
139.6
136.9

95.6
87.7
107.7
140.5
132.5

96.3
92.4
108.7
140.2
132.9

93.2
90.4
107.9
139.4
131.0

99.5
123.8
123.3
160.2
132.8

123.5
134.5
193.5
239.2
130.4

144.5
151.5
174.5
304.3
143.7

135.1
117.1
120.8
300.4
142.8

Annual 1
121.5
127.1
120.5
175.0
155.9

Other crop
August

September

86.8
86.6
105.2
126.6
110.7

94.0
92.9
110.2
130.5
115.8

October November December
87.3
87.9
108.4
122.5
107.1

82.2
84.4
105.1
111.2
99.0

82.9
85.5
105.7
110.8
97.2

Annual 1
84.0
87.8
109.1
118.0
108.1

Food commodity
August

September

94.0
90.1
110.7
135.2
133.4

90.0
92.0
111.3
135.3
130.3

October November December
89.4
93.9
111.7
133.7
123.3

96.7
100.3
114.6
145.3
128.6

96.8
95.3
118.5
150.3
125.2

Annual 1
94.7
97.2
111.1
137.4
129.3

Livestock production
January

February

March

April

May

June

July

97.7
98.4
90.7
123.6
136.4

95.0
94.6
92.5
125.6
133.3

97.8
97.1
96.8
133.8
138.3

100.4
78.2
103.6
144.7
135.7

99.2
82.6
106.5
145.6
133.7

97.0
86.7
107.2
144.4
135.1

93.7
84.4
107.1
146.2
132.3

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

96.7
98.5
91.7
111.1
122.2

97.6
96.5
95.3
116.2
124.3

100.7
92.8
99.8
119.6
129.3

104.9
87.5
106.2
120.0
131.9

102.0
91.4
106.8
121.1
135.0

97.2
88.0
109.9
121.3
142.1

94.9
79.9
109.7
124.1
146.2

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

106.2
107.0
97.2
118.5
136.6

107.8
105.2
98.7
120.4
138.4

110.3
99.3
99.5
121.7
144.1

109.7
94.8
103.8
121.7
150.5

104.3
95.4
103.1
123.0
152.0

99.4
95.3
105.5
122.2
158.7

97.6
85.4
106.6
123.9
158.7

August

September

93.3
83.5
108.7
134.9
134.3

87.5
83.8
108.6
136.5
133.0

October November December
90.9
90.2
107.7
139.2
133.1

96.2
93.9
110.2
143.6
134.0

97.1
90.2
120.1
150.7
130.0

Annual 1
95.6
88.7
105.1
138.9
134.1

Meat animal
August

September

94.9
85.2
110.2
124.7
147.6

86.0
87.8
108.3
122.0
142.4

October November December
89.7
91.8
106.2
122.6
142.7

92.9
91.1
106.9
124.7
139.5

94.7
89.8
110.1
123.8
129.8

Annual 1
96.1
90.0
105.3
121.1
136.1

Cattle
August

September

96.7
90.5
107.8
123.6
160.1

90.4
91.8
108.9
125.4
160.4

October November December
94.7
94.1
108.7
127.8
163.9

99.7
95.3
113.3
132.7
161.9

103.3
95.6
119.8
134.8
153.3

Annual 1
101.6
95.8
106.1
124.6
153.1

Hog
January

February

March

April

May

June

July

67.1
71.9
75.5
88.4
88.0

65.3
68.4
84.8
103.2
89.6

69.9
71.7
101.1
112.9
92.8

89.3
63.6
113.7
114.6
85.7

93.7
76.7
119.2
114.1
88.4

89.5
62.1
124.4
118.3
97.1

85.1
60.0
120.3
124.8
111.7

See footnote(s) at end of table.

28

102.1
100.9
99.6
141.9
141.1

October November December

August

September

88.0
64.5
118.8
129.0
110.8

71.7
74.7
106.5
111.0
97.6

October November December
73.8
84.7
98.5
106.0
90.8

72.2
78.0
88.1
100.3
86.5

71.1
73.8
85.0
94.0
80.2

Annual 1
78.1
70.9
103.0
109.7
93.3
--continued

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Received Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average –
United States: 2019-2023 (continued)
[Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]
Dairy
Year
January February March
April
May
June
July
August September
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
1

...
...
...
...
...

82.6
97.0
85.1
118.9
114.9

83.6
93.5
83.1
121.9
107.5

87.6
88.6
86.1
127.4
105.0

88.1
71.1
91.0
134.3
103.0

89.6
67.7
95.0
135.3
96.0

90.0
90.0
90.5
132.8
89.1

93.0
102.0
88.6
126.9
86.6

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

111.8
99.4
93.7
158.9
188.6

99.9
91.8
96.2
153.0
180.0

101.3
112.2
101.3
176.9
193.0

103.1
67.0
111.7
215.7
178.0

102.7
79.3
118.0
213.3
168.5

102.8
81.5
119.3
211.9
165.7

91.9
79.6
119.4
217.4
143.5

94.0
92.0
87.6
119.9
98.0

96.0
87.6
91.0
119.9
104.5

October November December
100.0
98.5
97.5
127.4
107.5

105.5
104.5
103.0
126.4
108.0

103.0
90.0
108.0
121.9
102.5

Annual 1
92.7
90.2
92.2
126.1
101.9

Poultry
August

September

89.4
74.4
124.4
176.0
134.6

83.2
73.7
125.8
189.2
137.8

October November December
86.0
81.4
120.3
191.9
133.3

95.1
91.2
124.4
209.5
145.5

96.7
90.8
151.1
241.7
155.6

Annual 1
96.9
85.2
117.1
195.7
160.1

Weighted index using monthly commodity market shares.

Prices Received Indexes as a Percent of 1910-1914 Base, Monthly and Annual Average –
United States: 2019-2023
[Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]
Agricultural production
Year
January February March
April
May
June
July
August September
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
1

...
...
...
...
...

888
915
921
1152
1285

927
935
978
1236
1306

959
955
1007
1313
1324

January

February

March

680
717
770
916
1029

735
755
848
999
1051

761
762
859
1055
1035

January

February

March

1134
1143
1054
1436
1584

1103
1098
1075
1459
1549

1136
1128
1124
1555
1606

963
846
1076
1381
1352

952
872
1097
1393
1313

April

May

743
753
917
1072
1101

732
756
925
1083
1052

April

May

1165
908
1203
1681
1576

1152
959
1237
1691
1553

964
908
1108
1396
1316

941
893
1103
1385
1291

943
895
1131
1356
1296

909
914
1122
1354
1256

October November December
889
915
1103
1317
1176

928
955
1121
1377
1176

940
936
1164
1422
1172

Annual 1
928
980
1135
1343
1224

Crop production
June
781
780
938
1106
1052

July
775
771
931
1090
1042

August

September

779
784
964
1118
1026

773
812
949
1106
981

October November December
725
765
928
1061
906

741
799
937
1107
881

750
795
929
1122
887

Annual 1
738
875
997
1073
927

Livestock production
June
1126
1007
1245
1678
1569

July
1088
981
1244
1698
1537

August

September

1083
970
1262
1567
1560

1016
974
1262
1586
1545

October November December
1055
1048
1252
1617
1547

1117
1091
1280
1668
1557

1128
1048
1395
1751
1510

Annual 1
1112
1032
1222
1615
1560

Weighted index using monthly commodity market shares.

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

29

Reliability of Prices Received Estimates
Definition: Prices received represent sales from producers to first buyers. They include all grades and qualities. The
average commodity price from the survey multiplied by the total quantity marketed theoretically should give the total cash
receipts for the commodity.
Survey procedures: Primary sales data used to determine grain prices were obtained from probability samples of about
1,900 mills and elevators. These procedures ensure that virtually all grain moving into commercial channels has a chance
of being included in the survey. Generally, States surveyed account for 90 percent or more of total United States
production. Livestock prices are obtained from packers, stockyards, auctions, dealers, and market check data from
AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, and state commodity groups and agencies. Inter-farm sales of grain and
livestock are not included since they represent very small percentages of the total sales. Grain marketed for seed is also
excluded. Fruit and vegetable prices are obtained from sample surveys and market check data from AMS-USDA, private
marketing organizations, state agencies, and universities.
Summary and estimation procedures: Survey quantities sold are expanded by strata to state levels and used to weight
average strata prices to a state average. State prices are then weighted to a United States price based on expanded sales.
Recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and reviewed by the Agricultural Statistics Board in
Washington, D.C. State recommendations are reviewed for reasonableness with survey data, other States, and recent
historic estimates.
Revisions: In general, revisions are made during annual commodity market year estimation time, following five-year
Census revisions, or when later information is received. Revisions are published in monthly issues of Agricultural Prices.
Reliability: United States price estimates based on probability surveys generally have a sampling error of less than one
percent for the major commodities such as corn, wheat, soybeans, cotton, and rice. Current methods of summarization for
non-probability commodities are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures
approximate the United States relative sampling errors at around five percent. Any non-sampling errors are attributed to
such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in
coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these non -sampling
errors.
Program Changes: See Price Program Links at the end of this report for details on program changes to the Prices Program
methodology.

30

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

December Prices Paid by Farmers
The December Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at
137.6, is down 0.5 percent from November 2023 and 0.6 percent from December 2022.
Production: The December index, at 134.5, is down 0.7 percent from November and 2.5 percent from last year. Lower
prices in December for feeder cattle, diesel, complete feeds, and gasoline more than offset higher prices for feeder pigs,
LP gas, nitrogen, and potash & phosphate.
Feed: At 123.0, the December index decreased 0.4 percent from November and 12 percent from last December.
Since November, lower prices for complete feeds, supplements, hay & forages, and concentrates more than offset
higher prices for feed grains.
Livestock and poultry: The December index, at 156.2, decreased 3.6 percent from November but increased 21
percent from last year. Since November, lower prices for feeder cattle more than offset higher prices for
feeder pigs. The December feeder cattle price, at $232.00 per cwt, is $12.00 less per cwt than the November price.
The December feeder pigs price, at $113.00 per cwt, is $17.00 more per cwt than November.
Fertilizer: The index for December, at 111.4, is up 0.6 percent from November but down 33 percent from
December a year ago. Since November, higher prices for nitrogen and potash & phosphate more than offset lower
prices for mixed fertilizer.
Chemicals: The December index, at 126.0, is unchanged from November but down 17 percent from last
December.
Fuels: At 86.0, the December index is down 4.6 percent from November and 11 percent from December 2023.
Compared with November, prices are lower for diesel and gasoline, but higher for LP gas.
Machinery: The index for December, at 160.0, is unchanged from November but up 0.8 percent from last
December. Compared with last month, prices are unchanged for tractors, self-propelled machinery, and
other machinery.
Consumer Price Index: The December 2023 Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), as issued by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics, is up 3.3 percent over the last 12 months to an index level of 306.746 (1982 -1984=100). For
the month, the index decreased 0.1 percent prior to seasonal adjustment.

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

31

Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios – United States: December 2023 with Comparisons
[Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]
Index Group
and
Ratios

1910-1914 Base

2011 Base

December
2022

November
2023

December
2023

December
2022

November
2023

December
2023

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

Prices paid by farmers for
commodities, services,
interest, taxes, and wage
rates (PPITW) ............................................
Production ..............................................
Feed ...................................................
Livestock and poultry ........................
Seeds .................................................
Fertilizer .............................................
Chemicals ..........................................
Fuels ..................................................
Supplies and repairs .........................

3744
2869
1543
2557
4329
1754
1369
2690
1667

3742
2819
1359
3199
4329
1334
1130
2520
1707

3721
2798
1354
3083
4329
1343
1130
2406
1704

138.4
137.9
140.2
129.6
131.7
145.5
152.6
96.2
141.3

138.3
135.5
123.5
162.1
131.7
110.7
126.0
90.1
144.7

137.6
134.5
123.0
156.2
131.7
111.4
126.0
86.0
144.4

Autos and trucks ................................
Machinery ..........................................
Building materials ..............................
Services and rent ..............................
Services .............................................
Rent ....................................................

3920
9700
3800
3098
(NA)
(NA)

3970
9771
3846
3170
(NA)
(NA)

3960
9771
3853
3169
(NA)
(NA)

127.5
158.8
163.3
(NA)
138.6
124.0

129.1
160.0
165.3
(NA)
141.6
127.0

128.8
160.0
165.5
(NA)
141.5
127.0

Interest 1 .................................................
Taxes 2 ...................................................
Wage rates .............................................
Family living-CPI 3 .................................

4693
8197
11343
2821

5205
8532
12041
2918

5205
8532
12041
2915

128.6
138.1
158.4
132.0

142.7
143.8
168.1
136.5

142.7
143.8
168.1
136.4

Production, interest, taxes,
and wage rates (PITW) .........................

3934

3909

3885

139.5

138.6

137.8

Ratio (received/paid) .................................
Parity ratio 4 ................................................
Parity ratio adjusted 5 ................................
PPITW adjusted for
productivity 6 ..........................................

(NA)
38
39

(NA)
31
32

(NA)
31
32

100
(NA)
(NA)

83
(NA)
(NA)

83
(NA)
(NA)

2060

2042

2039

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

Crop sector (PPITW) .................................
Livestock sector (PPITW) ..........................

(NA)
(NA)

(NA)
(NA)

(NA)
(NA)

139.3
137.5

136.9
139.9

136.7
138.5

Farm sector (production) ...........................
Non-farm sector (production) ....................

(NA)
(NA)

(NA)
(NA)

(NA)
(NA)

135.1
139.7

137.7
134.0

135.5
133.8

(NA) Not available.
1
Interest per acre on farm real estate debt and interest rate on farm non-real estate debt.
2
Farm real estate taxes payable per acre.
3
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers (CPI-U), converted by the USDA.
4
Ratio of index of prices received to PPITW (1910-1914=100).
5
Based on estimated cash receipts, from marketings and government payments, the preliminary adjustment factor is updated annually.
6
PPITW is adjusted based on productivity trend for the prior 15 years.

32

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components – United States:
December 2023 with Comparisons
[Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Relative weights are a five year moving average]
Relative weights
Indexes (2011=100)
Index Group
December
November
December
2022
2023 1
2022
2023
2023
(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

Production items .......................................................

72.5

74.105

137.9

135.5

134.5

Feed ......................................................................
Feed grains ......................................................
Complete feeds ................................................
Hay and forages ...............................................
Concentrates ....................................................
Supplements ....................................................
Livestock and poultry ...........................................
Feeder cattle ....................................................
Feeder pigs ......................................................
Milk cow replacements ....................................
Poultry ...............................................................

13.6
1.9
6.7
1.7
2.2
1.1
9.6
7.5
0.8
0.8
0.6

14.697
2.102
7.202
1.837
2.322
1.235
9.752
7.597
0.780
0.790
0.585

140.2
111.9
141.6
152.0
140.9
161.6
129.6
131.4
125.7
121.8
121.2

123.5
81.6
127.1
127.3
140.1
136.2
162.1
178.1
68.6
130.3
121.2

123.0
82.5
126.4
126.6
139.9
135.1
156.2
169.4
80.7
130.3
121.2

Seeds ....................................................................
Field crops ........................................................
Grasses and legumes ......................................
Fertilizer ................................................................
Mixed fertilizer ..................................................
Nitrogen ............................................................
Potash and phosphate .....................................
Chemicals .............................................................
Herbicides .........................................................
Insecticides .......................................................
Fungicides and other .......................................

5.1
4.6
0.5
5.5
2.4
2.3
0.8
3.6
2.3
0.8
0.5

4.901
4.440
0.461
6.668
2.934
2.801
0.934
3.637
2.291
0.837
0.509

131.7
128.7
159.7
145.5
137.1
160.9
125.9
152.6
173.9
117.8
114.0

131.7
128.7
159.7
110.7
123.8
97.6
108.8
126.0
143.5
97.2
94.1

131.7
128.7
159.7
111.4
123.7
98.5
111.2
126.0
143.5
97.2
94.1

Fuels .....................................................................
Diesel ................................................................
Gasoline ............................................................
LP gas ...............................................................
Supplies and repairs ............................................
Supplies ............................................................
Repairs .............................................................
Autos and trucks ...................................................
Autos .................................................................
Trucks ...............................................................

2.7
1.7
0.6
0.5
4.5
1.5
3.0
1.2
0.2
1.0

3.042
1.893
0.637
0.511
4.392
1.471
2.920
1.140
0.148
0.992

96.2
106.4
85.4
71.5
141.3
143.6
140.1
127.5
121.5
128.4

90.1
96.1
88.4
70.2
144.7
142.9
145.6
129.1
122.4
130.1

86.0
89.7
83.7
75.5
144.4
143.1
145.1
128.8
122.0
129.8

Machinery .............................................................
Tractors .............................................................
Self-propelled ...................................................
Other machinery ...............................................
Building materials .................................................
Services ................................................................
Custom rates ....................................................
Other services ..................................................
Rent .......................................................................
Cash ..................................................................
Share ................................................................

4.3
0.9
1.7
1.6
3.6
11.7
1.2
10.5
7.0
3.8
3.2

4.827
1.062
1.931
1.834
3.648
10.954
1.128
9.826
6.448
3.463
2.986

158.8
135.9
159.6
171.2
163.3
138.6
126.0
140.0
124.0
126.1
121.5

160.0
135.3
163.4
170.6
165.3
141.6
141.2
141.7
127.0
129.0
124.7

160.0
135.3
163.4
170.6
165.5
141.5
141.2
141.6
127.0
129.0
124.7

Interest ......................................................................
Taxes ........................................................................
Wage rates ...............................................................
Family living-CPI ......................................................

2.2
3.2
7.8
14.3

2.095
3.159
7.114
13.526

128.6
138.1
158.4
132.0

142.7
143.8
168.1
136.5

142.7
143.8
168.1
136.4

1

Starting 2023, relative weights published to three decimals.

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

33

Feed Price Ratios – United States: December 2023 with Comparisons
Feed price ratio 1

December 2022

November 2023

December 2023

Broiler-feed: pounds of broiler grower feed equal
in value to 1 pound of broiler, live weight 2 ..............................................................

4.3

4.8

5.2

Market egg feed: pounds of laying feed equal in
value to 1 dozen eggs 3 .............................................................................................

32.2

13.8

14.4

Hog-corn: bushels of corn equal in value to
100 pounds of hog, live weight .................................................................................

9.5

12.3

11.1

Milk-feed: pounds of 16% mixed dairy feed equal
in value to 1 pound of whole milk 4 ...........................................................................

1.83

2.12

2.00

Steer & heifer-corn: bushels of corn equal
in value to 100 pounds of steer & heifers,
live weight ..............................................................................................................

24.0

39.5

36.7

Turkey-feed: pounds of turkey grower equal in
value to 1 pound of turkey, live weight 5 ...................................................................

7.7

5.2

3.7

1

2

3

4

5

Effective January 1995, prices of commercial prepared feeds are based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, alfalfa hay, and
all wheat.
The price of commercial prepared broiler feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed uses 58
percent corn and 42 percent soybeans.
The price of commercial prepared layer feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The mode led feed uses 75
percent corn and 25 percent soybeans.
The price of commercial prepared dairy feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and alfalfa. The modeled feed
uses 51 percent corn, 8 percent soybeans, and 41 percent alfalfa.
The price of commercial prepared turkey feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and wheat. The modeled feed
uses 51 percent corn, 28 percent soybeans, and 21 percent wheat.

Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios – United States:
December 2023 with Comparisons
[Price data source for livestock and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service]
Item

December 2022

November 2023

December 2023

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

Broilers, live ...............................................................................pound
Eggs, market ............................................................................. dozen

0.726
4.77

0.665
1.61

0.737
1.71

Hogs, all .........................................................................................cwt
Milk, all ............................................................................................cwt

62.50
24.50

57.50
21.70

53.30
20.60

Steers and heifers ..........................................................................cwt
Turkeys, live ..............................................................................pound

158.00
1.220

184.00
0.652

176.00
0.471

Corn .......................................................................................... bushel
Hay, alfalfa ..................................................................................... ton

6.58
268.00

4.66
207.00

4.80
205.00

Soybeans ................................................................................. bushel
Wheat, all ................................................................................. bushel

14.40
8.97

13.00
6.53

13.10
6.79

Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock – United States: December 2023 with Comparisons
[Price data source is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service]
Item
December 2022
(dollars)
Feeder cattle & calves ...................................................................cwt
Feeder pigs ....................................................................................cwt

34

180.00
176.00

November 2023

December 2023

(dollars)

(dollars)
244.00
96.00

232.00
113.00

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Annual Average Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock – United States: 2018-2023
Item

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

Feeders and stockers
Cattle and calves ........................................................ cwt
Feeder pigs ................................................................. cwt

148.00
132.00

141.00
150.00

138.00
92.10

147.00
185.00

168.00
194.00

223.00
128.00

Grazing Fee Rates for Cattle – States, Regions, and United States: 2022 and 2023
Survey average rates 1
State

Animal unit
2022

2

Cow-calf
2023

2022

Per head
2023

2022

2023

(dollars per month) (dollars per month) (dollars per month) (dollars per month) (dollars per month) (dollars per month)
Arizona ....................................
California .................................
Colorado .................................
Idaho .......................................
Kansas ....................................
Montana ..................................
Nebraska .................................
Nevada ....................................
New Mexico ............................
North Dakota ...........................

(S)
22.80
19.50
19.00
23.00
27.00
44.00
(S)
16.50
23.50

(S)
24.50
20.00
19.00
26.00
27.50
44.50
(S)
16.50
25.00

(S)
(S)
23.00
22.50
28.50
28.00
52.00
(S)
(S)
27.50

(S)
(S)
23.50
23.50
30.50
28.50
52.00
(S)
(S)
28.50

(S)
25.80
20.00
19.50
30.50
26.50
43.00
(S)
17.00
24.00

15.00
27.50
21.00
20.00
28.50
27.00
43.50
18.00
17.00
(S)

Oklahoma ................................
Oregon ....................................
South Dakota ..........................
Texas ......................................
Utah .........................................
Washington .............................
Wyoming .................................

10.00
19.00
37.00
12.00
19.00
16.00
24.50

11.00
19.50
36.00
12.00
19.50
16.00
25.00

14.00
22.00
44.00
(S)
(S)
(S)
26.50

(S)
23.00
44.00
(S)
21.00
(S)
26.50

13.00
22.50
43.00
17.00
19.50
(S)
25.00

14.00
22.00
39.00
16.00
20.00
(S)
25.00

17-State 3 ................................
16-State 4 ................................
11-State 5 ................................
9-State 6 ..................................

21.50
24.60
21.00
21.60

22.00
25.40
21.60
22.10

25.70
29.20
23.90
26.10

26.40
29.90
24.60
26.80

24.60
27.10
22.50
25.00

24.20
26.90
22.80
24.40

(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
1
The average rates are estimates based on survey indications of monthly lease rates for private, non-irrigated grazing land from the January Cattle
Survey.
2
Animal unit (AUM) rate includes survey rates for both animal unit and cow-calf. The rate is converted to an AUM rate using a multiplier factor of
0.833. The multiplier factor is the conversion of a 1,200 pound cow to a 1,000 pound cow.
3
17 Western States: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon,
South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
4
16 Western States: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon,
South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
5
11 Western States: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
6
9 Great Plains States: Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming.

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

35

Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average –
United States: 2019-2023
[Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]
Commodities, services, interest, taxes, and wage rates
(PPITW)
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

110.7
110.9
113.9
131.0
140.3

110.7
110.6
115.2
133.1
140.3

110.8
109.7
116.5
135.0
140.3

111.3
108.5
117.5
137.6
139.7

110.7
108.5
118.4
137.8
138.9

110.2
108.7
119.7
138.3
138.5

110.3
109.5
120.9
138.7
138.6

Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

110.5
110.3
113.5
132.0
141.4

110.4
109.9
114.9
134.2
141.3

110.4
108.9
116.3
136.2
141.3

110.9
107.6
117.2
139.1
140.5

110.2
107.7
118.2
139.1
139.5

109.6
107.8
119.5
139.4
138.9

109.7
108.6
120.8
139.8
139.1

109.5
109.8
121.4
139.3
138.7

109.1
110.3
121.8
138.8
138.7

October November December
109.8
111.1
123.1
138.6
138.8

110.0
112.0
124.2
138.8
138.3

110.0
112.7
125.6
138.4
137.6

Annual 1
110.3
110.2
119.9
137.1
139.1

August

September

108.8
108.9
121.4
140.6
139.1

108.3
109.4
121.7
140.0
139.0

October November December
109.1
110.4
123.1
139.6
139.2

109.2
111.4
124.3
139.9
138.6

109.3
112.2
125.9
139.5
137.8

Annual 1
109.7
109.4
119.7
138.3
139.6

Items used for production
January

February

March

April

May

June

July

107.6
107.0
109.6
129.1
138.9

107.5
106.5
111.3
131.7
138.8

107.6
105.3
112.9
134.1
138.8

108.4
103.9
114.2
137.9
138.3

107.6
104.0
115.3
137.9
137.1

106.8
104.2
116.9
138.2
136.4

106.8
104.6
117.9
138.3
136.2

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

104.1
106.5
111.2
125.2
140.4

103.9
106.1
115.6
129.1
141.2

104.0
105.5
117.9
135.0
140.1

104.5
105.5
119.5
139.4
139.5

104.4
104.4
125.2
141.3
137.3

105.4
103.3
125.8
140.6
134.2

104.7
103.6
125.5
141.3
132.3

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

106.0
107.3
103.7
120.9
133.8

104.9
104.8
106.0
125.8
136.6

105.7
98.6
107.6
122.7
142.3

111.5
88.9
110.4
122.4
145.7

104.9
90.4
104.2
117.4
145.9

97.2
90.6
105.5
118.2
152.1

98.0
93.1
108.7
121.6
156.5

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

112.9
113.1
117.3
131.7
131.7

112.9
113.1
117.3
131.7
131.7

112.9
113.1
117.3
131.7
131.7

112.9
113.1
117.3
131.7
131.7

112.9
113.1
117.3
131.7
131.7

112.9
113.1
117.3
131.7
131.7

112.9
113.1
117.3
131.7
131.7

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

75.6
66.3
71.8
139.8
140.9

76.4
65.9
75.1
144.2
133.1

75.6
66.8
77.6
150.6
127.1

75.0
67.9
80.5
158.0
122.6

74.3
68.6
83.8
157.6
118.3

73.1
67.6
89.3
152.0
111.7

71.1
66.9
92.6
141.9
106.3

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

102.5
95.7
98.2
131.3
148.9

100.8
95.7
94.7
131.3
150.8

99.9
93.9
98.2
131.3
152.4

99.7
94.0
99.5
170.1
144.3

99.8
95.3
98.6
166.8
140.6

101.5
95.8
102.7
171.4
135.2

102.9
95.8
101.1
172.8
133.3

August

September

105.7
105.0
118.5
139.2
136.2

105.1
105.6
119.0
138.5
136.1

October November December
105.9
106.5
120.6
138.0
136.1

106.1
107.7
122.0
138.3
135.5

106.2
108.7
123.9
137.9
134.5

Annual 1
106.8
105.8
116.8
136.6
136.9

Feed
August

September

103.9
103.0
125.4
142.9
129.1

103.1
104.2
123.1
143.7
126.4

October November December
103.4
107.6
122.4
140.9
123.5

103.1
110.9
123.6
140.5
123.5

103.5
113.6
125.8
140.2
123.0

Annual 1
104.0
106.2
121.8
138.3
132.5

Livestock & poultry
August

September

95.2
95.9
110.3
125.3
159.0

95.0
97.7
110.1
124.2
162.4

October November December
99.4
99.5
112.9
123.9
165.5

101.6
102.2
112.7
126.7
162.1

102.6
103.2
117.1
129.6
156.2

Annual 1
101.8
97.7
109.1
123.2
151.5

Seeds
August

September

112.9
113.1
117.3
131.7
131.7

112.9
113.1
117.3
131.7
131.7

October November December
112.9
113.1
117.3
131.7
131.7

112.9
113.1
117.3
131.7
131.7

112.9
113.1
117.3
131.7
131.7

Annual 1
112.9
113.1
117.3
131.7
131.7

Fertilizer
August

September

69.7
66.6
93.3
145.2
106.3

69.2
67.6
95.7
144.3
105.6

October November December
68.7
68.8
102.4
147.7
109.4

67.3
70.0
109.8
149.8
110.7

65.3
71.4
119.1
145.5
111.4

Annual 1
71.8
67.9
90.9
148.1
117.0

Chemicals

See footnote(s) at end of table.

36

September

Items used for production, interest, taxes, and wage rates
(PITW)

Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....

August

August

September

95.6
95.8
103.1
173.4
131.7

88.8
95.8
105.4
164.5
125.7

October November December
94.3
94.5
110.3
151.8
126.0

95.3
96.6
110.3
156.0
126.0

93.5
96.0
110.3
152.6
126.0

Annual 1
97.9
95.4
102.7
156.1
136.7
--continued

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average – United States:
2019-2023 (continued)
[Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]
Fuels
Year
January February March
April
May
June
July
August September
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

67.9
65.2
62.5
91.0
98.4

68.6
62.0
66.3
98.3
96.2

70.6
55.7
72.4
120.2
92.9

72.2
51.5
71.0
117.3
92.6

71.6
52.8
72.7
124.0
87.1

67.1
56.3
76.3
129.1
83.9

67.4
57.0
79.2
122.1
86.2

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

114.2
115.5
118.1
133.8
142.2

114.2
115.8
118.6
135.1
143.0

114.3
115.7
119.2
135.8
143.4

114.4
116.5
120.4
138.8
144.2

114.5
116.5
122.3
139.1
144.6

114.5
116.4
125.1
139.3
144.2

115.1
116.8
126.7
140.5
144.7

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

105.9
106.2
107.8
120.9
128.1

106.2
106.6
107.9
121.2
128.5

106.6
106.1
107.8
121.3
128.9

106.6
106.1
108.4
122.4
129.2

106.5
106.2
110.0
123.6
129.6

106.2
106.1
111.9
124.5
129.8

105.9
106.5
113.6
125.4
129.8

64.4
57.4
79.8
111.4
95.2

65.4
56.9
82.9
107.9
98.9

October November December
66.5
57.3
89.0
109.3
96.0

68.0
58.1
88.3
109.1
90.1

66.8
63.2
83.5
96.2
86.0

Annual 1
68.0
57.8
77.0
111.3
92.0

Supplies & repairs
August

September

115.0
116.7
127.4
140.9
144.8

115.0
116.8
127.9
141.0
144.7

October November December
115.1
117.2
129.0
141.8
144.4

115.1
117.2
131.8
141.4
144.7

115.1
117.3
132.1
141.3
144.4

Annual 1
114.7
116.5
124.9
139.1
144.1

Autos & trucks
August

September

105.5
106.2
114.6
126.0
129.9

105.1
106.2
115.8
126.5
129.9

October November December
105.0
106.8
117.6
127.2
129.7

105.1
106.9
118.9
127.4
129.1

105.5
107.6
120.2
127.5
128.8

Annual 1
105.8
106.5
112.9
124.5
129.3

Machinery
January

February

March

April

May

June

July

122.6
124.1
135.7
142.8
158.5

122.7
124.1
136.6
147.3
157.0

122.7
124.3
138.1
147.3
157.2

122.8
124.3
139.4
150.3
157.6

122.5
124.3
140.5
149.8
157.9

123.5
124.8
142.1
152.3
158.4

123.5
124.8
144.4
153.7
158.6

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

117.8
118.5
126.5
157.1
164.3

118.2
118.8
128.7
160.0
164.3

118.0
119.5
131.8
163.2
165.0

118.4
118.8
135.4
163.9
165.1

118.3
118.8
140.2
165.3
164.7

118.0
119.3
143.8
164.9
164.6

118.6
120.0
144.1
165.3
165.1

August

September

123.5
125.2
146.4
154.7
159.2

123.6
125.0
151.0
155.1
160.3

October November December
123.6
125.8
154.9
159.8
161.0

123.4
125.5
157.9
159.2
160.0

125.4
125.8
160.0
158.8
160.0

Annual 1
123.3
124.8
145.6
152.6
158.8

Building materials
August

September

118.1
121.6
144.0
166.0
165.3

118.0
123.7
144.5
165.2
165.6

October November December
117.9
123.4
146.3
164.6
165.2

117.9
122.8
148.9
163.9
165.3

117.9
123.8
151.8
163.3
165.5

Annual 1
118.1
120.8
140.5
163.6
165.0

Services 2
January

February

March

April

May

June

July

116.5
116.5
118.0
130.6
141.3

116.6
116.3
118.6
131.4
141.9

116.3
116.3
118.8
132.4
141.6

116.3
116.0
119.7
133.7
140.9

116.6
115.6
120.2
134.9
141.1

117.4
116.4
120.4
136.1
141.8

117.4
116.7
120.7
137.9
141.2

August

September

117.2
116.6
121.5
138.4
141.1

116.9
116.7
122.1
138.0
141.9

October November December
116.6
116.6
122.1
138.4
141.5

116.4
117.2
122.9
137.1
141.6

116.2
117.3
123.7
138.6
141.5

Annual 1
116.7
116.5
120.7
135.6
141.5

Rent 2
January

February

March

April

May

June

July

116.4
117.6
122.1
124.0
127.0

116.4
117.6
122.1
124.0
127.0

116.4
117.6
122.1
124.0
127.0

116.4
117.6
122.1
124.0
127.0

116.4
117.6
122.1
124.0
127.0

116.4
117.6
122.1
124.0
127.0

116.4
117.6
122.1
124.0
127.0

January

February

March

April

May

June

77
80
78
85
89

81
82
83
90
91

84
85
84
94
91

August

September

116.4
117.6
122.1
124.0
127.0

116.4
117.6
122.1
124.0
127.0

October November December
116.4
117.6
122.1
124.0
127.0

116.4
117.6
122.1
124.0
127.0

116.4
117.6
122.1
124.0
127.0

Annual 1
116.4
117.6
122.1
124.0
127.0

Ratio (paid/received)

See footnote(s) at end of table.

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

84
76
89
97
94

83
78
90
98
91

85
81
89
98
93

July
83
79
88
96
90

August

September

83
79
91
94
91

81
81
89
94
88

October November December
78
80
87
92
82

82
83
88
96
83

83
81
90
100
83

Annual 1
82
80
87
95
89
--continued

37

Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average – United States:
2019-2023 (continued)
[Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]
Interest
Year
January February March
April
May
June
July
August September
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
1
2
3
4

114.2
109.5
109.6
128.6
142.7

114.2
109.5
109.6
128.6
142.7

114.2
109.5
109.6
128.6
142.7

114.2
109.5
109.6
128.6
142.7

114.2
109.5
109.6
128.6
142.7

114.2
109.5
109.6
128.6
142.7

114.2
109.5
109.6
128.6
142.7

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

120.4
126.8
132.5
138.1
143.8

120.4
126.8
132.5
138.1
143.8

120.4
126.8
132.5
138.1
143.8

120.4
126.8
132.5
138.1
143.8

120.4
126.8
132.5
138.1
143.8

120.4
126.8
132.5
138.1
143.8

120.4
126.8
132.5
138.1
143.8

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

133.7
136.6
144.9
157.6
165.8

133.7
136.6
144.9
157.6
165.8

133.7
136.6
144.9
157.6
165.8

131.5
134.7
142.7
153.9
161.6

131.5
134.7
142.7
153.9
161.6

131.5
134.7
142.7
153.9
161.6

133.2
139.6
148.3
157.6
166.3

114.2
109.5
109.6
128.6
142.7

114.2
109.5
109.6
128.6
142.7

October November December
114.2
109.5
109.6
128.6
142.7

114.2
109.5
109.6
128.6
142.7

114.2
109.5
109.6
128.6
142.7

Annual 1
114.2
109.5
109.6
128.6
142.7

Taxes
August

September

120.4
126.8
132.5
138.1
143.8

120.4
126.8
132.5
138.1
143.8

October November December
120.4
126.8
132.5
138.1
143.8

120.4
126.8
132.5
138.1
143.8

120.4
126.8
132.5
138.1
143.8

Annual 1
120.4
126.8
132.5
138.1
143.8

Wage rates
August

September

133.2
139.6
148.3
157.6
166.3

133.2
139.6
148.3
157.6
166.3

October November December
134.2
141.8
148.3
158.4
168.1

134.2
141.8
148.3
158.4
168.1

134.2
141.8
148.3
158.4
168.1

Annual 1
133.2
138.2
146.1
156.9
165.5

Family living
January

February

March

April

May

June

July

111.9
114.7
116.3
125.0
133.0

112.4
115.0
116.9
126.2
133.8

113.0
114.8
117.8
127.8
134.2

113.6
114.0
118.7
128.6
134.9

113.9
114.0
119.7
130.0
135.2

113.9
114.6
120.8
131.8
135.7

114.1
115.2
121.4
131.7
135.9

August

September

114.1
115.6
121.6
131.7
136.5

114.2
115.7
122.0
132.0
136.9

October November December
114.4
115.8
123.0
132.5
136.8

114.4
115.7
123.6
132.4
136.5

114.3
115.8
124.0
132.0
136.4

Annual 1
113.7
115.1
120.5
130.1
135.5

Production items with farm origin 3
January

February

March

April

May

June

July

106.5
108.0
109.7
124.9
136.8

106.0
107.0
112.7
128.4
138.1

106.4
104.6
114.3
130.2
139.4

108.5
101.4
116.0
132.3
140.3

106.3
101.4
116.8
131.5
139.2

104.2
100.9
117.5
131.4
139.8

104.2
101.9
118.4
132.9
140.3

August

September

102.8
102.5
118.9
134.9
139.5

102.4
103.7
117.7
134.9
139.2

October November December
104.0
105.9
118.3
133.5
138.8

104.6
108.4
118.8
134.2
137.7

105.1
110.0
121.3
135.1
135.5

Annual 1
105.1
104.6
116.7
132.0
138.7

Production items with non-farm origin 4
January

February

March

April

May

June

July

108.3
106.4
109.5
131.8
140.4

108.4
106.1
110.4
133.8
139.3

108.3
105.7
111.9
136.5
138.3

108.4
105.5
113.1
141.5
137.0

108.3
105.7
114.4
142.0
135.8

108.3
106.1
116.5
142.6
134.3

108.3
106.3
117.5
141.8
133.5

August

September

107.3
106.4
118.3
142.0
134.0

106.7
106.7
119.7
140.8
134.0

October November December
107.1
106.9
122.1
140.9
134.3

107.0
107.3
124.0
141.0
134.0

106.8
107.9
125.5
139.7
133.8

Annual 1
107.8
106.4
116.9
139.5
135.7

Crop sector (PPITW)
January

February

March

April

May

June

July

111.5
110.9
114.5
133.4
141.0

111.6
110.8
115.1
134.8
140.3

111.6
110.4
116.2
136.7
139.7

111.5
110.0
116.8
140.0
138.4

111.4
110.1
117.6
140.3
137.5

111.3
110.4
119.1
140.8
136.5

111.5
111.1
120.4
140.6
136.3

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

109.8
110.9
113.3
128.5
139.6

109.7
110.4
115.3
131.2
140.3

110.0
108.9
116.8
133.3
140.9

111.1
106.9
118.1
135.1
141.1

110.0
106.9
119.1
135.2
140.4

108.9
106.9
120.2
135.7
140.6

109.0
107.9
121.4
136.7
141.0

August

September

110.8
111.2
120.9
140.8
136.7

110.3
111.4
121.8
140.0
136.6

October November December
110.8
111.8
123.5
140.0
137.1

110.8
112.1
124.7
140.2
136.9

110.6
112.5
125.8
139.3
136.7

Annual 1
111.1
111.1
119.7
138.9
137.8

Livestock sector (PPITW)
August

September

108.1
108.3
121.9
137.7
140.9

107.8
109.1
121.7
137.6
140.9

October November December
108.8
110.5
122.8
137.1
140.7

109.1
111.9
123.6
137.4
139.9

109.3
113.0
125.4
137.5
138.5

Annual 1
109.3
109.3
120.0
135.3
140.4

Weighted index using 5-year average production expenditures
For the 2011=100 base period, the Services & Rent Index is separated.
Feed, livestock & poultry purchases, and seed.
Fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, fuels, supplies & repairs, autos & trucks, machinery, building materials, and services & rent.

38

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Paid Index Sub-Components as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average –
United States: 2019-2023
[Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]
Feed grains
Year
January February March
April
May
June
July
August September
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

59.9
63.2
73.9
96.0
111.9

60.7
63.1
83.1
104.4
114.9

60.9
61.9
84.8
111.7
112.7

59.4
56.5
91.6
119.9
113.1

61.2
55.6
100.4
122.5
110.4

67.1
55.6
101.1
121.7
109.3

70.0
57.2
101.6
118.2
103.3

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

108.6
114.3
118.6
129.3
141.8

108.2
114.0
123.1
132.8
142.6

108.3
113.5
126.2
139.4
141.3

108.5
114.8
127.1
143.2
139.9

107.9
113.1
131.8
144.8
137.1

109.0
111.7
133.7
143.9
134.2

109.8
111.8
133.0
144.0
133.2

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

111.0
103.4
101.7
124.7
149.6

112.4
104.0
104.7
127.1
149.0

114.4
103.5
107.8
129.9
150.3

120.6
104.0
109.6
139.1
156.1

119.7
104.6
119.6
146.5
154.3

114.0
102.0
119.6
145.4
147.7

107.3
103.1
121.5
152.0
139.7

65.2
54.6
103.8
120.1
96.1

63.5
59.7
91.7
118.6
89.3

October November December
64.1
63.4
85.8
111.0
85.3

61.7
66.9
90.0
111.1
81.6

62.0
69.5
94.0
111.9
82.5

Annual 1
63.0
60.6
91.8
113.9
100.9

Complete feeds
August

September

109.9
111.4
131.5
145.0
130.7

109.7
112.5
130.9
145.6
129.0

October November December
109.5
115.7
130.0
142.8
126.5

109.8
119.9
131.4
142.3
127.1

110.1
123.4
133.7
141.6
126.4

Annual 1
109.1
114.7
129.3
141.2
134.2

Hay & forages
August

September

104.3
103.1
124.5
156.7
132.5

102.1
98.8
125.0
156.2
130.4

October November December
104.3
102.1
126.7
157.5
128.9

104.3
101.0
124.6
152.9
127.3

104.1
101.0
126.0
152.0
126.6

Annual 1
109.9
102.6
117.6
145.0
141.0

Concentrates
January

February

March

April

May

June

July

119.3
116.8
128.6
133.9
144.1

117.6
116.4
130.2
135.5
147.5

116.9
115.5
129.5
140.1
146.7

116.3
116.4
129.2
142.0
143.2

115.9
116.9
130.4
139.0
141.2

117.4
116.4
128.1
138.4
137.7

113.8
115.8
125.7
140.8
141.5

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

114.5
119.6
112.5
135.9
160.4

113.7
117.0
116.0
140.4
155.1

112.9
117.3
119.2
146.6
152.5

111.3
116.3
118.9
146.5
151.2

113.4
113.3
127.9
149.6
151.5

114.5
113.3
127.1
150.5
150.2

113.3
113.0
128.3
149.5
148.4

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

106.8
107.8
101.8
119.2
133.6

105.8
105.6
102.8
121.2
138.0

105.8
99.0
102.5
116.6
145.1

108.9
92.2
104.8
116.7
153.8

102.8
94.9
99.8
115.8
157.5

97.4
96.0
103.6
118.6
166.7

99.7
98.7
109.0
121.9
172.3

August

September

115.4
115.4
124.8
144.9
142.2

113.7
116.7
123.3
146.5
138.8

October November December
113.9
120.8
122.2
139.1
135.1

113.5
125.3
122.4
141.1
140.1

114.3
127.0
123.3
140.9
139.9

Annual 1
115.7
118.3
126.5
140.2
141.5

Supplements
August

September

111.9
112.7
129.1
144.7
146.9

113.5
116.5
128.3
150.9
145.1

October November December
113.1
119.4
134.7
159.5
141.3

113.5
121.4
135.8
160.2
136.2

114.3
125.0
137.8
161.6
135.1

Annual 1
113.3
117.1
126.3
149.7
147.8

Feeder Cattle
August

September

98.5
101.5
111.1
126.9
176.7

97.8
100.8
109.5
127.0
179.6

October November December
102.2
101.0
113.1
127.7
182.5

104.5
103.9
113.3
129.9
178.1

104.1
103.4
117.6
131.4
169.4

Annual 1
102.9
100.4
107.4
122.7
162.8

Feeder pigs
January

February

March

April

May

June

July

125.0
114.3
120.0
161.4
157.9

121.4
103.6
138.6
202.9
150.7

132.1
90.7
161.4
208.6
152.1

173.6
40.0
173.6
191.4
110.0

150.7
32.1
145.0
137.1
77.1

106.4
23.6
124.3
120.0
65.0

87.9
24.3
110.0
120.0
62.9

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

80.3
91.5
95.8
97.2
121.1

80.3
91.5
95.8
97.2
121.1

80.3
91.5
95.8
97.2
121.1

80.3
88.0
96.5
110.6
121.1

80.3
88.0
96.5
110.6
121.1

80.3
88.0
96.5
110.6
121.1

86.6
92.3
97.2
120.4
123.9

August

September

65.0
32.1
110.0
117.9
51.4

69.3
61.4
123.6
102.9
65.0

October November December
75.7
79.3
126.4
90.0
68.6

80.7
85.7
121.4
104.3
68.6

97.1
102.1
135.0
125.7
80.7

Annual 1
107.1
65.8
132.4
140.2
92.5

Milk cow replacements

See footnote(s) at end of table.

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

August

September

86.6
92.3
97.2
120.4
123.9

86.6
92.3
97.2
120.4
123.9

October November December
92.3
94.4
94.4
121.8
130.3

92.3
94.4
94.4
121.8
130.3

92.3
94.4
94.4
121.8
130.3

Annual 1
84.9
91.6
96.0
112.5
124.1
--continued

39

Prices Paid Index Sub-Components as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average –
United States: 2019-2023 (continued)
[Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]
Poultry
Year
January February March
April
May
June
July
August September
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....

104.3
113.1
117.7
121.2
121.2

104.3
113.1
117.7
121.2
121.2

104.3
113.1
117.7
121.2
121.2

104.3
113.1
117.7
121.2
121.2

104.3
113.1
117.7
121.2
121.2

104.3
113.1
117.7
121.2
121.2

104.3
113.1
117.7
121.2
121.2

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

111.6
112.4
115.8
128.7
128.7

111.6
112.4
115.8
128.7
128.7

111.6
112.4
115.8
128.7
128.7

111.6
112.4
115.8
128.7
128.7

111.6
112.4
115.8
128.7
128.7

111.6
112.4
115.8
128.7
128.7

111.6
112.4
115.8
128.7
128.7

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

125.4
119.8
132.0
159.7
159.7

125.4
119.8
132.0
159.7
159.7

125.4
119.8
132.0
159.7
159.7

125.4
119.8
132.0
159.7
159.7

125.4
119.8
132.0
159.7
159.7

125.4
119.8
132.0
159.7
159.7

125.4
119.8
132.0
159.7
159.7

104.3
113.1
117.7
121.2
121.2

104.3
113.1
117.7
121.2
121.2

104.3
113.1
117.7
121.2
121.2

104.3
113.1
117.7
121.2
121.2

Annual 1
104.3
113.1
117.7
121.2
121.2

Field crop seeds
August

September

111.6
112.4
115.8
128.7
128.7

111.6
112.4
115.8
128.7
128.7

October November December
111.6
112.4
115.8
128.7
128.7

111.6
112.4
115.8
128.7
128.7

111.6
112.4
115.8
128.7
128.7

Annual 1
111.6
112.4
115.8
128.7
128.7

Grass & legume seeds
August

September

125.4
119.8
132.0
159.7
159.7

125.4
119.8
132.0
159.7
159.7

October November December
125.4
119.8
132.0
159.7
159.7

125.4
119.8
132.0
159.7
159.7

125.4
119.8
132.0
159.7
159.7

Annual 1
125.4
119.8
132.0
159.7
159.7

Mixed fertilizer
January

February

March

April

May

June

July

74.6
65.1
80.5
122.2
137.9

74.2
64.5
82.8
123.7
135.6

73.1
65.0
84.5
124.0
133.9

73.6
64.6
85.9
126.0
131.3

72.5
65.5
88.1
126.6
130.4

72.3
65.2
90.6
127.6
129.2

70.5
65.3
94.4
126.7
126.0

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

76.0
68.9
66.8
157.2
148.9

78.7
68.6
70.9
166.1
133.4

78.0
69.2
72.8
175.9
121.0

77.3
72.3
76.9
190.4
112.8

77.0
72.2
79.9
188.8
104.5

75.2
70.0
89.2
178.3
90.8

73.7
68.9
91.5
158.2
90.1

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

77.6
62.6
59.1
142.9
126.1

76.7
62.4
63.3
142.9
124.5

76.6
65.2
70.6
158.5
123.6

72.6
65.3
74.4
161.1
124.3

71.5
67.7
82.4
161.1
121.8

69.4
67.9
85.6
150.0
119.7

65.0
66.1
90.0
141.0
93.0

August

September

70.1
65.1
97.0
136.7
125.0

70.2
66.1
99.3
136.3
123.6

October November December
69.7
66.6
100.3
136.4
123.8

69.1
68.4
103.6
136.6
123.8

68.3
69.3
106.8
137.1
123.7

Annual 1
71.5
65.9
92.8
130.0
128.7

Nitrogen
August

September

70.8
68.0
89.9
155.5
88.8

70.0
68.7
92.0
153.7
88.2

October November December
70.5
70.2
106.1
161.8
95.1

69.4
70.1
118.6
166.4
97.6

65.2
71.6
136.0
160.9
98.5

Annual 1
73.5
69.9
90.9
167.8
105.8

Potash & phosphate
August

September

64.8
66.8
91.7
141.0
100.2

63.3
69.1
95.2
141.2
101.4

October November December
59.9
71.8
98.0
141.1
107.1

55.2
75.1
103.3
141.0
108.8

55.8
77.2
107.0
125.9
111.2

Annual 1
67.4
68.1
85.1
145.6
113.5

Herbicides
January

February

March

April

May

June

July

104.2
96.7
100.7
149.6
169.6

102.5
96.7
97.1
149.6
171.9

101.7
94.9
100.6
149.6
173.7

101.4
95.0
101.9
193.8
164.4

101.5
96.3
101.1
190.1
160.3

103.2
96.8
105.2
195.3
154.0

104.7
96.8
103.6
196.9
151.9

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

96.6
93.5
94.4
101.4
114.9

95.0
93.5
91.0
101.4
116.4

94.2
91.7
94.3
101.4
117.7

93.9
91.8
95.6
131.3
111.4

94.0
93.0
94.7
128.8
108.6

95.6
93.5
98.7
132.3
104.3

97.0
93.5
97.1
133.4
102.9

August

September

97.3
96.8
105.7
197.6
150.0

90.3
96.8
108.1
187.4
143.3

October November December
95.9
95.5
113.0
172.9
143.6

96.9
97.6
113.0
177.8
143.5

95.1
97.0
113.0
173.9
143.5

Annual 1
99.6
96.4
105.3
177.9
155.8

Insecticides

See footnote(s) at end of table.

40

104.3
113.1
117.7
121.2
121.2

October November December

August

September

90.1
93.5
99.1
133.9
101.7

83.6
93.5
101.3
127.0
97.1

October November December
88.8
92.3
105.9
117.2
97.3

89.8
94.3
105.9
120.4
97.2

88.1
93.7
105.9
117.8
97.2

Annual 1
92.2
93.2
98.7
120.5
105.6
--continued

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Paid Index Sub-Components as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average –
United States: 2019-2023 (continued)
[Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]
Fungicides & other
Year
January February March
April
May
June
July
August September
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

104.4
95.0
93.6
98.1
111.2

102.7
95.0
90.2
98.1
112.6

101.8
93.2
93.5
98.1
113.9

101.6
93.3
94.8
127.0
107.7

101.6
94.5
94.0
124.6
105.0

103.4
95.1
97.8
128.0
100.9

104.8
95.1
96.3
129.0
99.5

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

65.0
62.6
59.9
84.1
103.3

65.4
59.7
63.6
91.0
99.6

67.1
56.0
70.4
115.3
95.1

68.1
51.2
69.9
115.6
92.6

69.0
49.1
71.9
125.8
88.4

67.4
49.4
73.4
129.9
85.8

66.4
50.0
74.6
123.9
87.7

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

60.2
69.5
61.4
87.7
88.5

61.7
66.8
65.6
92.7
89.9

66.8
61.4
73.5
111.0
90.8

74.2
51.1
74.8
108.2
95.3

75.9
51.7
78.0
116.9
94.2

72.2
57.2
80.1
129.3
94.6

72.7
59.9
81.9
119.9
95.4

97.4
95.1
98.2
129.5
98.3

90.4
95.1
100.4
122.8
93.9

October November December
96.0
93.8
105.1
113.3
94.1

97.0
95.8
105.1
116.5
94.1

95.3
95.2
105.1
114.0
94.1

Annual 1
99.7
94.7
97.8
116.6
102.1

Diesel
August

September

65.6
49.9
74.9
113.1
98.7

65.8
49.6
75.6
112.7
103.0

October November December
66.6
49.0
80.7
117.7
101.8

67.0
49.9
83.3
118.7
96.1

66.7
53.1
81.4
106.4
89.7

Annual 1
66.7
52.5
73.3
112.9
95.2

Gasoline
August

September

69.7
59.9
82.6
105.1
101.6

69.1
59.9
83.0
98.1
101.7

October November December
70.2
59.2
85.8
101.1
96.1

69.4
58.0
88.5
97.6
88.4

68.1
60.2
86.4
85.4
83.7

Annual 1
69.2
59.6
78.5
104.4
93.4

LP Gas
January

February

March

April

May

June

July

87.8
69.7
73.3
120.8
92.5

88.9
64.4
76.9
132.3
91.0

88.5
47.3
78.3
149.7
87.3

84.8
53.0
69.9
134.6
89.1

76.2
67.6
69.3
126.1
73.2

59.3
80.4
82.0
126.0
63.1

64.3
79.6
92.6
118.0
69.1

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

114.6
116.3
119.5
135.3
144.1

114.8
116.6
120.2
137.6
144.8

114.8
116.5
121.5
139.7
144.5

114.8
117.3
123.5
142.4
145.0

115.3
117.1
126.2
142.6
145.4

115.8
117.3
128.4
143.2
145.4

116.1
117.3
131.0
143.9
145.0

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

114.0
115.1
117.4
133.0
141.2

113.9
115.4
117.8
133.9
142.2

114.0
115.3
118.0
133.9
142.9

114.2
116.1
118.8
136.9
143.8

114.0
116.2
120.3
137.3
144.1

113.9
116.0
123.5
137.3
143.6

114.6
116.6
124.5
138.9
144.5

August

September

53.5
82.0
94.8
112.7
74.6

59.2
80.3
109.7
102.4
80.2

October November December
61.5
85.3
123.6
88.8
74.2

70.4
88.4
106.4
88.1
70.2

65.5
104.4
87.8
71.5
75.5

Annual 1
71.7
75.2
88.7
114.3
78.3

Supplies
August

September

116.1
117.4
131.4
144.0
144.6

115.9
117.8
131.4
144.3
144.2

October November December
115.9
118.3
132.3
144.9
143.4

116.0
118.4
132.2
143.6
142.9

116.1
118.7
132.7
143.6
143.1

Annual 1
115.5
117.4
127.5
142.1
144.4

Repairs
August

September

114.4
116.4
125.4
139.3
144.9

114.5
116.4
126.1
139.4
144.9

October November December
114.7
116.7
127.3
140.2
144.9

114.7
116.6
131.5
140.3
145.6

114.7
116.6
131.8
140.1
145.1

Annual 1
114.3
116.1
123.5
137.5
144.0

Autos
January

February

March

April

May

June

July

100.5
100.8
102.5
114.7
122.0

100.6
101.4
102.7
115.1
122.3

100.9
100.9
102.2
115.2
122.7

100.9
100.6
102.3
116.8
123.0

100.9
100.7
103.9
118.2
123.1

100.8
100.9
105.7
118.9
123.3

100.6
101.5
107.3
119.9
123.3

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

106.8
107.0
108.6
121.8
129.0

107.0
107.3
108.7
122.1
129.4

107.5
106.9
108.7
122.2
129.8

107.5
106.9
109.3
123.3
130.2

107.3
107.1
110.9
124.4
130.5

107.0
106.8
112.9
125.4
130.7

106.7
107.3
114.6
126.2
130.8

August

September

100.3
101.3
108.5
120.4
123.2

99.8
101.3
109.4
121.0
123.1

October November December
99.8
101.5
110.8
121.4
123.0

99.8
101.5
112.5
121.3
122.4

100.1
102.2
114.4
121.5
122.0

Annual 1
100.4
101.2
106.9
118.7
122.8

Trucks

See footnote(s) at end of table.

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

August

September

106.3
107.0
115.5
126.9
130.8

105.9
106.9
116.7
127.4
130.9

October November December
105.8
107.6
118.6
128.1
130.7

105.9
107.7
119.8
128.3
130.1

106.4
108.4
121.1
128.4
129.8

Annual 1
106.7
107.2
113.8
125.4
130.2
--continued

41

Prices Paid Index Sub-Components as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average –
United States: 2019-2023 (continued)
[Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]
Tractors
Year
January February March
April
May
June
July
August September
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
1

112.0
113.9
114.6
123.7
135.6

112.0
113.9
115.4
127.8
134.2

112.0
113.9
116.8
128.0
134.4

112.0
113.9
117.2
130.8
134.4

112.0
113.9
118.9
129.4
134.6

112.0
114.7
120.0
130.0
135.3

112.0
113.8
122.2
131.3
135.6

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

126.2
121.3
143.3
135.3
159.6

126.2
121.3
143.2
137.4
159.6

126.2
121.3
143.5
137.8
159.6

126.2
121.2
143.6
142.2
159.2

125.8
121.2
143.6
142.1
159.5

125.9
121.1
144.0
148.1
159.8

125.9
121.1
145.5
149.5
160.3

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

125.0
133.0
139.9
161.8
170.5

125.1
132.9
141.8
169.0
167.5

125.3
133.3
144.8
168.4
167.9

125.5
133.6
147.9
170.1
169.2

125.0
133.5
149.7
169.7
169.7

127.7
134.4
152.9
169.6
170.2

127.6
135.0
156.1
171.0
170.2

112.0
113.8
123.9
132.4
135.6

112.0
113.6
127.7
132.7
135.6

October November December
112.0
114.8
131.1
136.9
136.2

112.0
113.9
132.5
136.3
135.3

112.0
114.4
135.3
135.9
135.3

Annual 1
112.0
114.0
123.0
131.3
135.2

Self-propelled
August

September

126.1
121.2
145.5
149.5
161.5

126.0
121.2
149.0
149.5
164.2

October November December
126.0
122.3
153.1
159.6
165.4

126.3
122.8
155.0
159.6
163.4

130.9
122.8
156.3
159.6
163.4

Annual 1
126.5
121.6
147.1
147.5
161.3

Other machinery
August

September

127.6
136.0
160.3
173.2
170.5

127.6
135.7
166.5
173.9
170.6

October November December
127.7
135.7
170.6
173.4
170.6

127.0
135.0
175.6
172.2
170.6

127.4
135.7
178.2
171.2
170.6

Annual 1
126.5
134.5
157.0
170.3
169.8

Custom rates
January

February

March

April

May

June

July

118.4
119.6
114.7
126.0
141.2

118.4
119.6
114.7
126.0
141.2

118.4
119.6
114.7
126.0
141.2

118.4
119.6
114.7
126.0
141.2

118.4
119.6
114.7
126.0
141.2

118.4
119.6
114.7
126.0
141.2

118.4
119.6
114.7
126.0
141.2

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

116.3
116.1
118.4
131.1
141.4

116.4
115.9
119.0
132.0
142.0

116.1
115.9
119.3
133.2
141.6

116.1
115.6
120.3
134.6
140.8

116.4
115.1
120.8
135.9
141.1

117.3
116.0
121.1
137.3
141.8

117.3
116.4
121.4
139.3
141.2

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

123.1
124.4
124.5
126.1
129.0

123.1
124.4
124.5
126.1
129.0

123.1
124.4
124.5
126.1
129.0

123.1
124.4
124.5
126.1
129.0

123.1
124.4
124.5
126.1
129.0

123.1
124.4
124.5
126.1
129.0

123.1
124.4
124.5
126.1
129.0

August

September

118.4
119.6
114.7
126.0
141.2

118.4
119.6
114.7
126.0
141.2

October November December
118.4
119.6
114.7
126.0
141.2

118.4
119.6
114.7
126.0
141.2

118.4
119.6
114.7
126.0
141.2

Annual 1
118.4
119.6
114.7
126.0
141.2

Other services
August

September

117.1
116.3
122.3
139.8
141.1

116.7
116.4
122.9
139.4
141.9

October November December
116.4
116.3
122.9
139.8
141.6

116.2
116.9
123.9
138.4
141.7

116.0
117.0
124.7
140.0
141.6

Average 1
116.5
116.2
121.4
136.7
141.5

Cash rent
August

September

123.1
124.4
124.5
126.1
129.0

123.1
124.4
124.5
126.1
129.0

October November December
123.1
124.4
124.5
126.1
129.0

123.1
124.4
124.5
126.1
129.0

123.1
124.4
124.5
126.1
129.0

Annual 1
123.1
124.4
124.5
126.1
129.0

Share rent
January

February

March

April

May

June

July

108.6
109.7
119.4
121.5
124.7

108.6
109.7
119.4
121.5
124.7

108.6
109.7
119.4
121.5
124.7

108.6
109.7
119.4
121.5
124.7

108.6
109.7
119.4
121.5
124.7

108.6
109.7
119.4
121.5
124.7

108.6
109.7
119.4
121.5
124.7

August

September

108.6
109.7
119.4
121.5
124.7

108.6
109.7
119.4
121.5
124.7

October November December
108.6
109.7
119.4
121.5
124.7

108.6
109.7
119.4
121.5
124.7

108.6
109.7
119.4
121.5
124.7

Annual 1
108.6
109.7
119.4
121.5
124.7

Weighted index using 5-year average production expenditures.

42

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 1910-1914 Base, Monthly and Annual Average – United States:
2019-2023
[Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]
Commodities, services, interest, taxes, and wage rates
(PPITW)
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

January

February

March

2994
3000
3080
3543
3794

2994
2991
3116
3598
3794

2997
2967
3150
3652
3795

April

May

3011
2934
3177
3722
3779

2996
2935
3202
3727
3758

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

July

2981
2940
3237
3741
3745

2985
2962
3270
3750
3750

August

September

2963
2969
3283
3767
3752

2952
2982
3293
3754
3751

October November December
2971
3005
3330
3748
3755

2975
3029
3359
3755
3742

2975
3049
3398
3744
3721

Annual 1
2983
2980
3241
3708
3761

Items used for production, interest, taxes, and wage rates
(PITW)

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

June

January

February

March

3117
3111
3200
3722
3987

3114
3098
3240
3784
3985

3115
3070
3279
3841
3983

April

May

3130
3033
3306
3923
3961

3109
3036
3332
3923
3934

June

July

3091
3038
3370
3931
3918

3095
3062
3407
3943
3921

August

September

3068
3069
3422
3963
3922

3055
3084
3432
3947
3919

October November December
3077
3112
3472
3936
3924

3082
3141
3504
3945
3909

3082
3165
3550
3934
3885

Annual 1
3095
3085
3376
3899
3937

Items used for production
January

February

March

2241
2226
2281
2686
2891

2238
2215
2316
2740
2889

2240
2191
2349
2790
2888

January

February

March

1146
1172
1223
1378
1545

1144
1168
1272
1421
1554

1146
1161
1298
1485
1542

January

February

March

2092
2118
2046
2386
2640

2071
2068
2092
2482
2696

2088
1945
2124
2421
2808

January

February

March

3712
3720
3857
4329
4329

3712
3720
3857
4329
4329

3712
3720
3857
4329
4329

January

February

March

911
799
865
1685
1698

920
794
905
1738
1604

911
805
935
1815
1531

January

February

March

920
859
881
1178
1336

905
859
850
1178
1353

897
843
881
1178
1368

April

May

2256
2163
2377
2870
2877

2239
2165
2400
2870
2854

April

May

1150
1161
1315
1535
1536

1150
1149
1378
1555
1511

April

May

2202
1755
2179
2416
2876

2071
1784
2057
2318
2880

April

May

3712
3720
3857
4329
4329

3712
3720
3857
4329
4329

April

May

903
818
970
1904
1477

895
827
1010
1899
1426

April

May

895
843
893
1526
1294

896
855
885
1497
1262

June
2223
2167
2433
2877
2839

July
2223
2177
2453
2879
2833

August

September

2200
2184
2467
2897
2834

2188
2197
2475
2882
2831

October November December
2205
2217
2510
2871
2832

2209
2242
2538
2879
2819

2210
2262
2578
2869
2798

Annual 1
2223
2201
2431
2842
2849

Feed
June
1161
1137
1385
1547
1477

July
1153
1141
1381
1555
1456

August

September

1144
1133
1380
1572
1421

1135
1147
1355
1581
1391

October November December
1138
1185
1347
1551
1359

1136
1221
1360
1546
1359

1139
1250
1384
1543
1354

Annual 1
1145
1169
1340
1522
1459

Livestock & poultry
June
1919
1789
2082
2333
3003

July
1934
1837
2145
2400
3090

August

September

1879
1893
2176
2473
3139

1876
1928
2173
2451
3205

October November December
1963
1964
2229
2444
3266

2007
2018
2224
2501
3199

2025
2036
2311
2557
3083

Annual 1
2011
1928
2153
2432
2990

Seeds
June
3712
3720
3857
4329
4329

July
3712
3720
3857
4329
4329

August

September

3712
3720
3857
4329
4329

3712
3720
3857
4329
4329

October November December
3712
3720
3857
4329
4329

3712
3720
3857
4329
4329

3712
3720
3857
4329
4329

Annual 1
3712
3720
3857
4329
4329

Fertilizer
June
881
815
1076
1832
1346

July
856
806
1116
1710
1281

August

September

840
803
1124
1750
1282

834
815
1153
1739
1273

October November December
828
829
1234
1780
1319

811
844
1323
1805
1334

787
861
1435
1754
1343

Annual 1
865
818
1096
1784
1410

Chemicals

See footnote(s) at end of table.

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

June
911
860
922
1538
1213

July
924
860
907
1551
1196

August

September

858
860
925
1556
1182

797
860
946
1476
1128

October November December
847
848
990
1362
1131

855
867
990
1400
1130

839
861
990
1369
1130

Annual 1
879
856
922
1401
1227
--continued

43

Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 1910-1914 Base, Monthly and Annual Average – United States:
2019-2023 (continued)
[Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]
Fuels
Year
January February March
April
May
June
July
August September
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....
Year
2019 ....
2020 ....
2021 ....
2022 ....
2023 ....

1899
1823
1748
2545
2752

1919
1734
1854
2749
2689

1974
1558
2025
3361
2597

January

February

March

1347
1363
1393
1578
1677

1347
1366
1399
1595
1688

1348
1365
1406
1603
1692

January

February

March

3257
3266
3315
3718
3939

3266
3278
3318
3727
3951

3278
3262
3315
3729
3962

2002
1477
2033
3468
2434

April

May

1349
1375
1421
1637
1701

1350
1375
1443
1641
1706

April

May

3278
3262
3333
3765
3974

3275
3266
3382
3801
3984

1877
1574
2134
3610
2345

1885
1594
2215
3414
2409

1801
1605
2232
3115
2663

1829
1591
2318
3017
2766

1860
1602
2489
3056
2683

1902
1625
2469
3051
2520

1868
1767
2335
2690
2406

Annual 1
1903
1616
2153
3113
2571

Supplies & repairs
June
1350
1373
1476
1643
1701

July
1358
1378
1495
1658
1707

August

September

1356
1377
1503
1662
1708

1356
1378
1509
1664
1707

October November December
1358
1383
1522
1673
1704

1358
1383
1555
1669
1707

1358
1384
1559
1667
1704

Annual 1
1353
1375
1473
1641
1700

Autos & trucks
June
3266
3262
3441
3829
3990

July
3257
3275
3493
3855
3993

August

September

3244
3266
3524
3875
3993

3232
3266
3561
3891
3994

October November December
3229
3284
3616
3911
3987

3232
3287
3656
3917
3970

3244
3309
3696
3920
3960

Annual 1
3255
3273
3471
3828
3975

Machinery
January

February

March

7489
7581
8289
8723
9679

7495
7581
8344
8998
9590

7495
7593
8436
8998
9602

January

February

March

2742
2758
2944
3655
3823

2751
2765
2995
3725
3824

2746
2781
3068
3797
3841

January

February

March

2710
2720
2781
2982
3166

2712
2718
2789
2993
3175

2708
2718
2793
3009
3169

April

May

7501
7593
8515
9181
9625

7483
7593
8582
9150
9647

April

May

2756
2765
3151
3814
3842

2753
2765
3263
3847
3833

April

May

2708
2714
2807
3027
3159

2712
2707
2813
3044
3163

June
7544
7623
8680
9303
9674

July
7544
7623
8821
9389
9689

August

September

7544
7648
8943
9450
9727

7550
7636
9224
9474
9793

October November December
7550
7684
9462
9761
9832

7538
7666
9645
9725
9771

7660
7684
9774
9700
9771

Annual 1
7533
7625
8893
9321
9700

Building materials
June
2746
2777
3347
3839
3830

July
2760
2793
3354
3847
3843

August

September

2749
2830
3351
3862
3847

2746
2879
3363
3845
3853

October November December
2744
2872
3405
3830
3844

2744
2858
3465
3815
3846

2744
2881
3533
3800
3853

Annual 1
2748
2810
3270
3806
3840

Services & rent

See footnote(s) at end of table.

44

2019
1440
1985
3280
2588

October November December

June
2723
2719
2817
3062
3172

July
2723
2724
2821
3088
3164

August

September

2720
2723
2833
3096
3163

2715
2724
2841
3090
3174

October November December
2712
2723
2841
3096
3169

2709
2731
2854
3077
3170

2707
2732
2865
3098
3169

Annual 1
2713
2721
2821
3055
3168
--continued

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 1910-1914 Base, Monthly and Annual Average – United States:
2019-2023 (continued)
[Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]
Interest
Year
January February March
April
May
June
July
August September
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

4166
3993
3999
4693
5205

4166
3993
3999
4693
5205

4166
3993
3999
4693
5205

4166
3993
3999
4693
5205

4166
3993
3999
4693
5205

January

February

March

7145
7526
7861
8197
8532

7145
7526
7861
8197
8532

7145
7526
7861
8197
8532

January

February

9574
9781
10377
11286
11875

9574
9781
10377
11286
11875

April

May

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

...
...
...
...
...

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
1
2
3

...
...
...
...
...

4166
3993
3999
4693
5205

7145
7526
7861
8197
8532

7145
7526
7861
8197
8532

March

April

May

June

July

9574
9781
10377
11286
11875

9414
9647
10223
11023
11574

9414
9647
10223
11023
11574

9414
9647
10223
11023
11574

9542
9999
10620
11286
11913

4166
3993
3999
4693
5205

4166
3993
3999
4693
5205

4166
3993
3999
4693
5205

4166
3993
3999
4693
5205

4166
3993
3999
4693
5205

Annual 1
4166
3993
3999
4693
5205

Taxes
June
7145
7526
7861
8197
8532

July
7145
7526
7861
8197
8532

August

September

7145
7526
7861
8197
8532

7145
7526
7861
8197
8532

October November December
7145
7526
7861
8197
8532

7145
7526
7861
8197
8532

7145
7526
7861
8197
8532

Annual 1
7145
7526
7861
8197
8533

Wage rates
August

September

9542
9999
10620
11286
11913

9542
9999
10620
11286
11913

October November December
9613
10159
10620
11343
12041

9613
10159
10620
11343
12041

9613
10159
10620
11343
12041

Annual 1
9536
9897
10460
11234
11851

Family living
January

February

March

2391
2452
2486
2672
2843

2402
2458
2499
2696
2859

2415
2454
2518
2732
2869

April

May

2428
2437
2537
2748
2883

2434
2437
2558
2778
2890

June
2434
2449
2582
2816
2900

July
2438
2462
2595
2816
2905

August

September

2438
2471
2599
2815
2918

2440
2473
2608
2821
2925

October November December
2445
2475
2629
2832
2924

2445
2473
2642
2829
2918

2443
2475
2650
2821
2915

Annual 1
2429
2460
2575
2781
2896

Commodities, services, interest, taxes, and wage rates
Adjusted for productivity

Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023

4166
3993
3999
4693
5205

October November December

January

February

March

1687
1724
1799
2008
2031

1688
1723
1806
2019
2032

1690
1719
1813
2031
2033

April

May

1682
1702
1808
2024
2013

1681
1703
1815
2029
2010

June
1678
1705
1823
2035
2009

July
1688
1734
1857
2056
2033

August

September

1685
1736
1860
2058
2035

1683
1738
1862
2057
2036

October November December
1692
1753
1870
2062
2045

1692
1757
1876
2062
2042

1692
1760
1883
2060
2039

Annual 1
1687
1730
1839
2042
2030

Parity ratio 2
January

February

March

30
31
30
33
34

31
31
31
34
34

32
32
32
36
35

April
32
29
34
37
36

May
32
30
34
37
35

June
32
31
34
37
35

July
32
30
34
37
34

August

September

32
30
34
36
35

31
31
34
36
33

October November December
30
30
33
35
31

31
32
33
37
31

32
31
34
38
31

Annual 1
31
31
33
36
34

Adjusted parity ratio (PPITW) 3
January

February

March

32
35
32
34
35

33
35
33
35
35

34
36
34
37
36

April
34
33
36
38
37

May
34
34
36
38
36

June
34
35
36
38
36

July
34
34
36
38
35

August

September

34
34
36
37
36

33
35
36
37
34

October November December
32
34
35
36
32

33
36
35
38
32

34
35
36
39
32

Annual 1
33
35
35
37
35

Weighted index using 5-year average production expenditures.
Ratio of index of prices received to index of prices paid for commodities, services, interest, taxes, and wage rates.
Ratio of the index of prices received after adjustment for government payments to the index of prices paid for commodities, services, interest, taxes,
and wage rates.

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

45

Feed Ratios Monthly and Annual Average – United States: 2019-2024
[Annual average is a simple average of monthly ratios, January through December]
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
1

2

3

4

5
6

Broiler 1
January
5.8
4.9
3.5
5.3
4.1

February
5.1
4.2
3.1
4.5
4.0

March
5.3
4.4
3.0
5.0
4.4

April
5.8
2.4
3.6
5.6
4.9

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

6.1
3.8
3.6
5.7
5.1

5.4
4.0
3.7
5.5
4.9

4.8
3.7
3.7
5.2
4.1

4.3
3.3
3.6
4.3
3.9

4.0
2.9
4.2
4.2
4.5

4.1
3.0
4.3
4.4
4.6

4.1
3.5
4.3
4.4
4.8

4.5
3.7
5.1
4.3
5.2

Average
4.9
3.7
3.8
4.9
4.6

Market Egg 2
January
9.3
5.6
6.6
9.8
19.6

February
7.9
7.4
6.3
8.5
16.0

March
7.0
18.7
7.5
9.2
17.7

April
4.3
10.1
4.4
13.8
8.2

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

2.4
6.3
3.7
11.4
5.0

4.4
5.5
3.6
11.4
6.7

2.4
6.0
4.1
16.1
6.6

6.5
6.3
5.8
11.2
8.1

5.2
6.6
6.2
17.0
7.6

4.9
8.5
5.4
19.7
7.8

10.8
7.7
7.0
23.6
13.8

8.3
4.7
9.3
32.2
14.4

Average
6.1
7.8
5.8
15.3
11.0

Turkey 3
January
5.6
6.7
6.5
6.1
7.6

February
5.8
7.0
5.9
5.7
7.2

March
5.9
7.4
5.8
5.5
7.4

April
6.3
7.9
5.7
5.4
7.3

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

6.1
8.3
5.5
5.5
6.8

6.1
8.5
5.8
5.9
6.7

6.2
8.7
5.8
6.5
6.3

6.6
8.7
6.0
6.6
5.8

7.0
8.6
7.2
7.4
6.1

7.0
8.2
7.3
8.2
5.8

7.5
7.3
6.3
8.1
5.2

6.9
6.9
6.1
7.7
3.7

Average
6.4
7.9
6.2
6.6
6.3

Milk 4
January
2.06
2.42
2.00
2.13
1.73

February
2.07
2.35
1.80
2.04
1.59

March
2.13
2.25
1.76
2.02
1.56

April
2.11
1.85
1.75
1.95
1.48

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

2.12
1.77
1.65
1.91
1.42

2.09
2.37
1.56
1.87
1.36

2.16
2.70
1.52
1.77
1.38

2.26
2.52
1.48
1.69
1.67

2.34
2.30
1.66
1.71
1.89

2.42
2.51
1.84
1.90
2.03

2.65
2.60
1.92
1.92
2.12

2.57
2.19
1.96
1.83
2.00

Average
2.25
2.32
1.74
1.89
1.69

Hog-Corn 5
January
12.5
12.6
11.8
10.5
8.8

February
12.1
12.0
11.9
11.3
8.8

March
12.9
13.0
13.7
11.4
9.3

April
16.8
12.9
14.2
10.8
8.5

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

17.2
15.9
13.4
10.5
9.0

14.9
13.1
13.8
10.7
10.0

13.6
12.4
13.1
11.4
11.9

14.9
13.8
12.5
11.9
12.9

12.6
14.6
12.9
10.4
12.5

12.8
15.6
13.0
10.9
12.3

13.0
13.7
11.1
10.3
12.3

12.7
12.4
10.3
9.5
11.1

Average
13.8
13.5
12.7
10.8
10.6

Steer & Heifer-Corn 6
January
34.8
33.0
26.4
24.9
24.1

February
35.0
32.3
24.2
23.2
23.8

March
35.7
31.0
23.7
21.6
25.0

April
36.3
33.7
22.8
20.1
26.1

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

33.6
34.7
20.5
19.8
27.1

28.9
34.8
20.5
19.2
28.4

27.2
30.5
20.4
19.9
29.6

28.5
33.3
19.8
19.9
32.5

27.4
30.8
23.2
20.5
35.3

28.3
29.9
25.1
22.8
37.7

31.3
28.8
25.1
23.7
39.5

32.3
28.0
25.8
24.0
36.7

Average
31.6
31.7
23.1
21.6
30.5

The price of commercial prepared broiler feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed ration
uses 58 percent corn and 42 percent soybeans.
The price of commercial prepared layer feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The mode led feed ration uses
75 percent corn and 25 percent soybeans.
The price of commercial prepared turkey feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and wheat. The modeled feed
ration uses 51 percent corn, 28 percent soybeans, and 21 percent wheat.
The price of commercial prepared dairy feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and alfalfa. The modeled feed
ration uses 51 percent corn, 8 percent soybeans, and 41 percent alfalfa.
Number of bushels of corn equal in value to 100 pounds of all hogs, live weight.
Number of bushels of corn equal in value to 100 pounds of steers & heifers, live weight.

46

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates
Definition: Prices paid by farmers represent the average costs of inputs purchased by farmers and ranchers to produce
agricultural commodities. Conceptually, the average price when multiplied by quantity purchased should equal total
producer expenditures for the item.
Survey procedures: The prices paid data are obtained from establishments that sell goods and services to farmers and
ranchers. Annually, about 8,500 firms are randomly selected from lists by type of item sold with an average response rate
in the range of 75-80 percent. Firms are asked to report the price for the specified item "most commonly bought by
farmers" or that was the "volume seller". Approximately 135 items are surveyed each March to represent all production
input items purchased. The survey reference period for all items is the full preceding calendar year. Separate prices paid
surveys are conducted for agricultural chemicals, fuels, feed, fertilizer, machinery, and seed.
Summary and estimation procedures: The annual March Prices Paid Survey is summarized as a non-probability survey.
Average prices reported are aggregated to the region and United States level using weights available from expenditure
data and other administrative sources. Price recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and
Headquarters for review by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. Also, the change in price level for
individual items surveyed are combined to the regional and United States levels, and are published as prices paid indexes
referenced to a specific base period. Prices paid indexes for new autos and trucks, building materials, farm supplies, motor
supplies, and marketing containers are updated based on price changes measured in selected Bureau of Labor Statistics
(BLS) indexes.
Revisions: Any revisions are published in the monthly and in annual issues of Agricultural Prices. The basis for revision
must be supported by additional data that directly affect the level of the estimate. More revisions are likely for March
when separate prices paid surveys are conducted, in lieu of BLS indexes, by the USDA to measure price change.
Reliability: Current methods of summarization for the March data are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors.
However, analytical measures approximate the United States relative sampling errors for major items around 10 percent.
Any non-sampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in
interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the
survey process to minimize these non-sampling errors.
Program Changes: See Price Program Links at the end of this report for details on program changes to the Prices Program
methodology.

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

47

Information Contacts
General
Bryan Combs, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch .............................................. (202) 720-9354
Crop Prices Received
Chris Hawthorn, Chief, Crops Branch ......................................................................................................... (202) 720-2127
Travis Thorson, Head, Field Crops Section .................................................................................................. (202) 720-7369
Joshua Bates – Hemp, Oats, Soybeans ........................................................................................................ (202) 690-3234
Natasha Bruton – Barley............................................................................................................................. (202) 690-1042
Michelle Harder – Hay ............................................................................................................................... (202) 690-8533
James Johanson – Rye, Wheat .................................................................................................................... (202) 720-8068
Greg Lemmons – Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet .......................................................................................... (202) 720-9526
Becky Sommer – Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum ................................................................................. (202) 720-5944
Travis Thorson – Canola, Mustard Seed, Peanuts, Rapeseed, Rice, Safflower, Sunflower .......................... (202) 720-7369
Fleming Gibson, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section .......................................................... (202) 720-2127
Deonne Holiday – Almonds, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Garlic, Onions,
Plums, Prunes, Tobacco ............................................................................................................................ (202) 720-4288
Bret Holliman – Apricots, Chickpeas, Nectarines, Peaches, Snap Beans,
Sweet Corn, Tomatoes .............................................................................................................................. (202) 720-7235
Robert Little – Blueberries, Cabbage, Dry Beans, Lettuce, Macadamia,
Maple Syrup, Pears, Raspberries, Spinach ................................................................................................ (202) 720-3250
Krishna Rizal – Artichokes, Asparagus, Celery, Grapefruit, Kiwifruit, Lemons,
Mandarins and tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges, Pistachios............................................... (202) 720-5412
Chris Singh – Apples, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins,
Squash, Strawberries, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes .................................................................. (202) 720-4285
Antonio Torres – Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Grapes, Green Peas,
Honeydews, Lentils, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Walnuts, Watermelons ............................................. (202) 720-2157
Chris Wallace – Avocados, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cauliflower,
Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Hops, Papayas, Pecans ....................................................................... (202) 720-4215
Livestock Prices Received
Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch ....................................................................................................... (202) 692-0069
Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section ........................................................................................................... (202) 690-2424
Ryan Cowen – Cattle and Cattle on Feed .................................................................................................... (202) 720-3040
Kim DaPra – Milk, Milk Cows ................................................................................................................... (512) 501-3266
Anthony Fischer – Hogs and Pigs ............................................................................................................... (202) 720-3106
Jean Porter, Head, Poultry and Specialty Commodities Section .................................................................... (202) 720-8068
Fatema Haque – Turkeys ............................................................................................................................ (202) 505-0041
Seth Riggins – Honey ................................................................................................................................. (202) 720-3106
Autumn Stone – Eggs ................................................................................................................................. (202) 690-3676
Takiyah Walker – Broilers.......................................................................................................................... (202) 720-6147
Indexes, Prices Paid, and Parity Prices
Bryan Combs, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch .............................................. (202) 720-9354
Bruce Boess, Head, Economics Section ........................................................................................................ (202) 720-4447
Ralph Mondesir – Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes ......................................... (202) 221-9297
Scott Peterson – Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes ............................................ (360) 890-3261
Max Reason – Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes, Prices Paid for Feed,
Fertilizer, Chemicals, Seeds, Fuels, Farm Supplies and Repairs, Farm Machinery, Feeder Livestock,
Poultry Chicks, Feed Price Ratios ............................................................................................................ (202) 720-8844

48

Agricultural Prices (January 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Access to NASS Reports
For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways:
➢ All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov.
➢ Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free
subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on “National” or “State” in upper right corner above “search”
box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive.
➢ Cornell’s Mann Library has launched a new website housing NASS’s and other agency’s archived reports. The
new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing reports will be sent from the new
website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. To continue receiving the reports via e-mail, you will have to go to the
new website, create a new account and re-subscribe to the reports. If you need instructions to set up an account or
subscribe, they are located at: https://usda.library.cornell.edu/help. You should whitelist [email protected] in your email client to avoid the emails going into spam/junk folders.
For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540,
7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: [email protected].
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for
employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where
applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's
income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program
or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or
employment activities.)
If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination
Complaint Form (PDF), found online at www.ascr.usda.gov/filing-program-discrimination-complaint-usda-customer, or
at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the
information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax
(202) 690-7442 or email at [email protected].

Price Program Links
Economics and Prices
http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_Subject/Economics_and_Prices/index.php
Agricultural Prices Program and Survey
https://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/

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