Attachment D - News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, March 21, 2023

USDL-23-0537

Technical information: (202) 691-6378 • [email protected] • www.bls.gov/cps
Media contact:
(202) 691-5902 • [email protected]

EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF VETERANS — 2022
The unemployment rate for veterans who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces at any
time since September 2001—a group referred to as Gulf War-era II veterans—declined to 3.1
percent in 2022 and the rate for all veterans decreased to 2.8 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics reported today. In August 2022, 41 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans had a serviceconnected disability, compared with 27 percent of all veterans.
This information was obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample
survey of about 60,000 eligible households that provides data on employment, unemployment,
and persons not in the labor force in the United States. Data about veterans are collected monthly
in the CPS; these monthly data are the source of the 2022 annual averages presented in this news
release. In August 2022, a supplement to the CPS collected additional information about veterans
on topics such as service-connected disability and veterans' current or past Reserve or National
Guard membership. The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of Veterans
Affairs and the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and Training Service. For
more information, see the Technical Note in this news release.
Highlights from the 2022 data:
•

The unemployment rate for all veterans (2.8 percent) was lower than the rate for nonveterans
(3.6 percent) in 2022. (See table A.)

•

Unemployment rates for both male and female veterans decreased to 2.8 percent in 2022.
(See table A.)

•

Unemployment rates for White and Black veterans were lower than for their nonveteran
counterparts in 2022, while the rates for Asian and Hispanic veterans were not statistically
different than their nonveteran counterparts. (See table 1.)

•

Among the 250,000 unemployed veterans in 2022, 54 percent were ages 25 to 54, 39 percent
were age 55 and over, and 7 percent were ages 18 to 24. (See table 2A.)

•

Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rate of veterans with a serviceconnected disability was little changed at 3.4 percent and the rate for veterans with no
disability decreased to 1.9 percent in August 2022. (See table 7.)

•

Gulf War-era II veterans who reported a service-connected disability rating of less than 30
percent were much more likely to be in the labor force than those with a rating of 60 percent
or higher in August 2022 (94.8 percent compared with 65.9 percent). (See table 7.)

•

In August 2022, 27 percent of employed veterans with a service-connected disability worked
in the public sector, compared with 22 percent of veterans with no disability and 13 percent
of nonveterans. (See table 8.)

•

In 2022, the unemployment rate of veterans varied across the country, ranging from 0.7
percent in North Dakota to 5.2 percent in Nevada. (See table 6A.)

The Veteran Population
In 2022, 18.4 million men and women were veterans, accounting for about 7 percent of the
civilian noninstitutional population age 18 and over. Of all veterans, about 1 in 10 were women.
In the survey, veterans are defined as men and women who have previously served on active
duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and who were civilians at the time these data were collected.
Veterans are much more likely to be men than are nonveterans, and they also tend to be older. In
part, this reflects the characteristics of veterans who served during World War II, the Korean
War, and the Vietnam era, all of whom are now 65 years and over. Veterans who served during
these wartime periods accounted for about one-third (6.2 million) of the total veteran population
in 2022. Forty-four percent of veterans (8.1 million) served during Gulf War era I (August 1990
to August 2001) or Gulf War era II (September 2001 to present). Twenty-two percent (4.0
million) served outside these designated wartime periods. (See tables 1 and 2A.)
Gulf War-era II Veterans
In 2022, there were 4.9 million veterans who had served during Gulf War era II (September 2001
to present). Eighteen percent of these veterans were women, compared with about 4 percent of
veterans from World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era. Thirty-six percent of all Gulf
War-era II veterans were between the ages of 35 and 44. (See tables 1 and 2A.)
In 2022, the unemployment rate for Gulf War-era II veterans declined to 3.1 percent and was
below the rate in 2019 (3.5 percent) prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Among Gulf War-era II
veterans, the unemployment rates for men and women were little different from each other and
both declined in 2022 (to 3.1 percent and 2.9 percent, respectively). (See table A.)
The overall unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era II veterans, at 3.1 percent, was lower than
the rate for male nonveterans, at 3.7 percent, in 2022. By age, unemployment rates for male Gulf
War-era II veterans and nonveterans were not statistically different, with one exception: 45- to
54-year-old male Gulf War-era II veterans had an unemployment rate of 1.6 percent, lower than
the rate of 2.4 percent for their nonveteran counterparts. (See table 2B.)
The overall unemployment rate for female Gulf War-era II veterans, at 2.9 percent, was not
statistically different from the rate for female nonveterans (3.5 percent) in 2022. By age,

-2-

unemployment rates for female Gulf War-era II veterans and nonveterans were not statistically
different. (See table 2C.)
Employed Gulf War-era II veteran men were more likely to work in management, professional,
and related occupations than employed nonveteran men (43 percent and 40 percent,
respectively), while these veterans were less likely to work in sales and office occupations than
their nonveteran counterparts (12 percent and 14 percent, respectively). Employed Gulf War-era
II veteran women were less likely to work in service occupations than their nonveteran
counterparts (13 percent and 19 percent, respectively). (See table 4.)
Employed Gulf War-era II veteran men were more than twice as likely to work in the public
sector in 2022 as their employed nonveteran counterparts—26 percent versus 10 percent.
Employed female Gulf War-era II veterans were also more likely to work in the public sector
than nonveteran women—27 percent versus 16 percent. Among the employed, 14 percent of all
Gulf War-era II veterans worked for the federal government, compared with 2 percent of
nonveterans. (See table 5.)
In August 2022, 42 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans reported serving in Iraq, Afghanistan, or
both locations. These veterans had an unemployment rate of 2.3 percent, little different than the
rate for Gulf War-era II veterans who served elsewhere (2.4 percent). (See table 10.)
Gulf War-era I Veterans
In 2022, of the 3.2 million veterans who served during Gulf War era I (August 1990 to August
2001), 15 percent were women. All Gulf War-era I veterans were age 35 and over in 2022,
compared with 64 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans. Forty-eight percent of Gulf War-era I
veterans were ages 45 to 54, 28 percent were ages 55 to 64, 13 percent were age 65 and over, and
12 percent were ages 35 to 44. (See tables 1 and 2A.)
The unemployment rate for Gulf War-era I veterans was 2.1 percent in 2022, down by 1.4
percentage points from the prior year. The jobless rate for Gulf War-era I veterans in 2022 was
below its pre-pandemic rate of 2.6 percent in 2019.
In 2022, the unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era I veterans (2.1 percent) was lower than
that of their Gulf War-era II counterparts (3.1 percent). The difference in unemployment rates
reflects, at least in part, the older age profile of veterans who served during Gulf War era I.
Younger people—whether veterans or nonveterans—tend to have higher unemployment rates
than older people. The rate for female Gulf War-era I veterans (1.8 percent) was slightly lower
than the rate for female Gulf War-era II veterans (2.9 percent). Among Gulf War-era I veterans,
the unemployment rate declined for men but changed little for women in 2022; the rates for men
and women were not statistically different. (See tables 2B and 2C.)
Veterans of Other Service Periods
In 2022, 4.0 million veterans had served on active duty during "other service periods," mainly
between the Korean War and the Vietnam era and between the Vietnam era and Gulf War era I.

-3-

All veterans from this period of service were age 45 and over at the time of the survey. Half of
these veterans were ages 55 to 64, 44 percent were age 65 and over, and 6 percent were ages 45
to 54. In 2022, 1 in 10 veterans of other service periods were women. (See tables 1 and 2A.)
The jobless rate for veterans of other service periods declined to 2.7 percent in 2022 and is little
different from the rate in 2019 (3.0 percent). Among veterans of other service periods, the
unemployment rate for men (2.7 percent) was not statistically different from the rate for women
(3.1 percent) in 2022. The jobless rate for male veterans of other service periods declined over
the year, while the rate for women was little changed from the prior year. (See table 1.)
Veterans with a Service-connected Disability
In August 2022, 4.9 million veterans, or 27 percent of all veterans, had a service-connected
disability. Veterans with a service-connected disability are assigned a disability rating by the
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs or the U.S. Department of Defense. Ratings range from 0 to
100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage points, depending on the severity of the condition.
(See table 7.)
The unemployment rate for veterans with a service-connected disability changed little at 3.6
percent in August 2022. The rate for veterans with no disability declined to 2.7 percent and was
not statistically different from the rate for veterans with a service-connected disability. The
unemployment rates for male and female veterans with a service-connected disability changed
little over the year to 3.7 percent and 3.2 percent, respectively, in August 2022. These rates were
not statistically different from each other. The labor force participation rate for veterans with a
service-connected disability (47.7 percent) was also not statistically different than the rate for
veterans with no disability (48.4 percent).
Among veterans with a service-connected disability, 23 percent reported a disability rating of
less than 30 percent, while 50 percent had a rating of 60 percent or higher. In August 2022,
veterans with a service-connected disability rating of less than 30 percent were much more likely
to be in the labor force than those with a rating of 60 percent or higher (52.6 percent versus 44.2
percent). The unemployment rate for veterans with a disability rating of less than 30 percent was
3.5 percent, little different than the rate for those with a disability rating of 60 percent or higher,
at 3.7 percent.
Among veterans who served during Gulf War era II, 41 percent (2.0 million) reported a serviceconnected disability in August 2022. The labor force participation rate of all Gulf War-era II
veterans with a service-connected disability was 74.3 percent, lower than the rate for veterans
from this period with no service-connected disability (86.3 percent). Among Gulf War-era II
veterans, the unemployment rate for those with a service-connected disability was 3.4 percent,
not statistically different than the rate for those with no disability (1.9 percent).
Among Gulf War-era II veterans with a service-connected disability, 15 percent reported a
disability rating of less than 30 percent and 58 percent reported a disability rating of 60 percent
or higher in August 2022. Gulf War-era II veterans who reported a disability rating of less than
30 percent were much more likely to be in the labor force than those with a rating of 60 percent

-4-

or higher (94.8 percent compared with 65.9 percent). The unemployment rate for veterans with a
disability rating of less than 30 percent was 7.4 percent in August 2022, higher than the rate for
those with a disability rating of 60 percent or higher, at 2.6 percent.
In August 2022, 30 percent (978,000) of veterans who served during Gulf War era I reported a
service-connected disability. Their labor force participation rate (55.8 percent) was lower than
the rate for Gulf War-era I veterans who did not have a service-connected disability (79.6
percent). The unemployment rate for Gulf War-era I veterans with a service-connected disability
(4.3 percent) was higher than the rate for those without a service-connected disability (1.9
percent).
Thirteen percent (534,000) of veterans who served during other service periods reported a
service-connected disability in August 2022. The labor force participation rate of these veterans
(35.9 percent) was lower than their counterparts without a service-connected disability (44.2
percent). The unemployment rates were not statistically different for veterans with a serviceconnected disability (2.4 percent) and those with no disability (3.4 percent).
Regardless of period of service, many veterans with a service-connected disability work in the
public sector. In August 2022, 27 percent of employed veterans with a service-connected
disability worked in federal, state, or local government, compared with 22 percent of veterans
with no disability and 13 percent of nonveterans. Eighteen percent of employed veterans with a
service-connected disability worked for the federal government, compared with 7 percent of
veterans with no disability and 2 percent of nonveterans. (See table 8.)
Reserve and National Guard Membership
In August 2022, 34 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans were current or past members of the
Reserve or National Guard. The labor force participation rate was higher for veterans of this
period who were current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard (85.3 percent) than
for veterans who had never been members (77.5 percent). Among Gulf War-era II veterans,
those who were current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard had an unemployment
rate of 3.2 percent, little changed from a year earlier, while the rate for those who had never been
members declined to 1.9 percent. (See table 9.)

-5-

Table A. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 18 years and over by veteran status,
period of service, and sex, 2021-2022 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status and period of service

2021
Total

Men

2022
Women

Total

Men

Women

TOTAL VETERANS
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

18,506
8,818
47.7
8,433
45.6
386
4.4
9,688

16,533
7,670
46.4
7,332
44.3
337
4.4
8,863

1,973
1,148
58.2
1,100
55.8
48
4.2
824

18,370
8,807
47.9
8,557
46.6
250
2.8
9,563

16,342
7,616
46.6
7,400
45.3
217
2.8
8,726

2,027
1,191
58.7
1,158
57.1
33
2.8
837

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

4,670
3,673
78.7
3,502
75.0
171
4.6
997

3,858
3,113
80.7
2,970
77.0
144
4.6
745

812
560
69.0
533
65.6
27
4.9
252

4,903
3,918
79.9
3,796
77.4
121
3.1
985

4,008
3,257
81.3
3,155
78.7
102
3.1
751

895
660
73.8
641
71.6
19
2.9
235

NONVETERANS
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

234,176
150,143
64.1
142,161
60.7
7,982
5.3
84,033

105,515
76,752
72.7
72,539
68.7
4,213
5.5
28,763

128,661
73,391
57.0
69,622
54.1
3,769
5.1
55,270

236,451
153,017
64.7
147,523
62.4
5,494
3.6
83,434

107,655
78,628
73.0
75,756
70.4
2,873
3.7
29,027

128,795
74,389
57.8
71,768
55.7
2,621
3.5
54,406

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf
War-era II veterans served on active duty anywhere in the world sometime since September 2001. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Effective with data for January 2021, estimates for veterans incorporate population controls derived from an updated Department
of Veterans Affairs population model.

Technical Note
The data in this release were collected through
the Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS—a
monthly survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau
of Labor Statistics—obtains information on
employment and unemployment among the nation's
civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and over.
Most of the data in this release are annual
averages, compiled from the results of the monthly
survey. In August, a supplement to the CPS collected
additional information about veterans on topics such
as service-connected disability, veterans' Reserve or
National Guard status, and veterans who served in Iraq
and/or Afghanistan. The supplement was cosponsored by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
and by the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans'
Employment and Training Service. Questions were
asked of persons 17 years of age and older regarding
their prior service in the U.S. Armed Forces. Data are
tabulated for persons 18 years of age and older.
If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech
disability,
please
dial
7-1-1
to
access
telecommunications relay services.
Definitions
The definitions underlying the data in this
release are as follows:
Veterans are men and women who previously
served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and
who were civilians at the time they were surveyed.
Members of the Reserve and National Guard are
counted as veterans if they had ever been called to
active duty. Persons who are on active duty at the time
of the survey are outside the scope of the survey and
thus not in the estimates shown here, as are persons
who reside in institutions, such as nursing homes and
prisons.
World War II, Korean War, Vietnam-era, and
Gulf War-era veterans are men and women who
served in the U.S. Armed Forces during these periods
of service, regardless of where in the world they
served. Veterans who served in more than one wartime
period are classified in the most recent one.
Veterans of other service periods are men and
women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces at any
time other than World War II, the Korean War, the
Vietnam era, or the Gulf War era. Although U.S.
Armed Forces were engaged in several armed conflicts
during other service periods, these conflicts were more

limited in scope and included a smaller proportion of
the Armed Forces than the selected wartime periods.
Veterans who served during one of the selected
wartime periods and during another period are
classified in the wartime period.
Nonveterans are men and women who never
served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.
Veteran status is obtained from responses to the
question, "Did you ever serve on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces?"
Period of service identifies when a veteran
served in the Armed Forces, but not the location of
their service. It is obtained from answers to the
question asked of veterans, "When did you serve on
active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces?" The following
service periods are identified:
Gulf War era II — September 2001-present
Gulf War era I — August 1990-August 2001
Vietnam era — August 1964-April 1975
Korean War — July 1950-January 1955
World War II — December 1941-December 1946
Other service periods — All other time periods
Veterans could have served anywhere in the
world during these periods of service. Veterans are
counted only in one period of service, their most recent
wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one
wartime period are classified in the most recent one.
Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any
other service period are classified in the wartime
period. The period-of-service definitions are modified
occasionally to reflect changes in law, regulations, and
program needs of the survey sponsors.
Veterans who served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or
both are individuals who served in Iraq at any time
since March 2003, in Afghanistan at any time since
October 2001, or in both locations. Service in Iraq or
Afghanistan is determined by answers to two
questions: "Did you serve in Iraq, off the coast of Iraq,
or did you fly missions over Iraq at any time since
March 2003?" and "Did you serve in Afghanistan, or
did you fly missions over Afghanistan, at any time
since October 2001?"
Presence of service-connected disability is
determined by answers to two questions beginning in
August 2021: "Have you filed a claim for or received

a rating from the Department of Veterans Affairs or
the Department of Defense confirming that you have a
service-connected disability; that is, a health condition
or impairment caused or made worse by military
service?” and (asked of those who said yes) “Did you
receive a VA disability rating?” People who applied
for and received a service-connected disability rating
are classified as having a service-connected disability.
People who applied for but did not receive a serviceconnected disability rating are classified as without a
service-connected disability.
Service-connected disability rating is based on
answers to the question, "What is your current VA
service-connected disability rating?" Answers can
range from 0 to 100 percent, in increments of 10
percentage points. Ratings are determined by the VA
or DoD from a rating schedule published in the Code
of Federal Regulations, Title 38, "Pensions, Bonuses,
and Veterans' Relief," Part 4—"Schedule for Rating
Disabilities." The rating schedule is "primarily a guide
in the evaluation of disability resulting from all types
of diseases and injuries encountered as a result of or
incident to military service. The percentage ratings
represent as far as can practicably be determined the
average impairment in earning capacity resulting from
such diseases and injuries and their residual conditions
in civil occupations." Part 4 contains a listing of
hundreds of possible disorders and assigns ratings of 0
through 100 percent, with instructions for rating
multiple disorders.

Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample,
rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is
a chance that the sample estimates will differ from the
true population values they represent. The component
of this difference that occurs because samples differ by
chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of
confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will
differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true
population value because of sampling error. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent
level of confidence.
The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling
error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons,
including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, the inability to obtain information for all
respondents in the sample, the inability or
unwillingness of respondents to provide correct
information, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.
Information about the reliability of national data
from the CPS and instructions on how to generate
standard
errors
are
available
at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.
For a discussion of the reliability of state
estimates from the CPS, such as those in tables 6A and
6B of this release, see www.bls.gov/opub/geographicprofile/home.htm.

Reserve and National Guard membership refers
only to Gulf War-era veterans who are current or past
members of the Reserve or National Guard. Members
of the Reserve and National Guard are counted as
veterans if they had ever been called to active duty.
These data do not refer to all persons who may have
ever served in the Reserve or National Guard.
Beginning in August 2021, Reserve or National Guard
status is obtained from answers to the question asked
of veterans, “Have you ever been a member of the
Reserve or National Guard?”

Comparability of the estimates
Effective with data for January 2021, estimates
for veterans incorporate population controls derived
from a new Department of Veterans Affairs Veteran
Population Projection Model (VetPop2018). In
accordance with usual practice, BLS did not revise
estimates for previous years. Information about the
Veteran Population Projection Model is available from
the
Department
of
Veterans
Affairs
at
www.va.gov/vetdata/docs/Demographics/New_Vetp
op_Model/VP_18_A_Brief_Description.pdf.

Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2022 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force
Veteran status, period of service,
sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Unemployed

Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

TOTAL
Total, 18 years and over................................ .
Veterans................................................ .
Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonveterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

254,820
18,370
8,138
4,903
3,235
6,237
3,995
236,451

161,824
8,807
6,222
3,918
2,304
924
1,662
153,017

63.5
47.9
76.5
79.9
71.2
14.8
41.6
64.7

156,080
8,557
6,053
3,796
2,256
888
1,617
147,523

61.3
46.6
74.4
77.4
69.8
14.2
40.5
62.4

5,744
250
169
121
48
36
45
5,494

3.5
2.8
2.7
3.1
2.1
3.9
2.7
3.6

92,996
9,563
1,916
985
931
5,314
2,333
83,434

Men
Total, 18 years and over................................ .
Veterans................................................ .
Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonveterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

123,998
16,342
6,768
4,008
2,760
5,989
3,585
107,655

86,245
7,616
5,250
3,257
1,993
882
1,484
78,628

69.6
46.6
77.6
81.3
72.2
14.7
41.4
73.0

83,155
7,400
5,107
3,155
1,951
848
1,445
75,756

67.1
45.3
75.4
78.7
70.7
14.2
40.3
70.4

3,090
217
144
102
42
34
39
2,873

3.6
2.8
2.7
3.1
2.1
3.8
2.7
3.7

37,753
8,726
1,518
751
767
5,107
2,101
29,027

Women
Total, 18 years and over................................ .
Veterans................................................ .
Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonveterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

130,823
2,027
1,369
895
474
248
410
128,795

75,579
1,191
971
660
311
42
178
74,389

57.8
58.7
70.9
73.8
65.5
16.8
43.4
57.8

72,925
1,158
946
641
305
39
172
71,768

55.7
57.1
69.1
71.6
64.3
15.9
42.0
55.7

2,654
33
25
19
6
2
6
2,621

3.5
2.8
2.6
2.9
1.8
5.3
3.1
3.5

55,243
837
398
235
164
207
232
54,406

White
Total, 18 years and over................................ .
Veterans................................................ .
Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonveterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

196,550
14,916
6,154
3,685
2,470
5,511
3,251
181,634

124,022
6,915
4,769
2,978
1,792
804
1,342
117,107

63.1
46.4
77.5
80.8
72.6
14.6
41.3
64.5

120,153
6,740
4,655
2,891
1,763
774
1,312
113,413

61.1
45.2
75.6
78.5
71.4
14.0
40.3
62.4

3,869
175
115
86
28
30
31
3,694

3.1
2.5
2.4
2.9
1.6
3.8
2.3
3.2

72,528
8,001
1,385
707
678
4,707
1,909
64,527

Black or African American
Total, 18 years and over................................ .
Veterans................................................ .
Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonveterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32,839
2,511
1,420
850
570
500
591
30,328

21,010
1,360
1,021
638
383
84
255
19,649

64.0
54.2
71.9
75.0
67.3
16.9
43.1
64.8

19,754
1,308
984
614
369
81
244
18,445

60.2
52.1
69.3
72.2
64.9
16.2
41.2
60.8

1,256
52
37
24
14
4
11
1,204

6.0
3.9
3.7
3.7
3.6
4.3
4.4
6.1

11,830
1,151
399
212
186
415
337
10,679

Asian
Total, 18 years and over................................ .
Veterans................................................ .
Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,400
324
197
139
58

10,795
194
158
114
43

65.8
59.7
80.1
82.3
74.6

10,495
186
152
110
42

64.0
57.5
77.4
79.0
73.4

300
7
5
5
1

2.8
3.7
3.4
4.1
1.6

5,605
131
39
25
15

Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2022 annual averages — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force
Veteran status, period of service,
sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Unemployed
Total

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonveterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

74
53
16,076

14
22
10,601

18.4
42.0
65.9

14
21
10,308

18.4
38.6
64.1

0
2
293

–
–
2.8

60
31
5,475

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total, 18 years and over................................ .
Veterans................................................ .
Gulf War era, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era. . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonveterans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

43,796
1,407
877
588
289
294
236
42,389

30,049
880
706
472
234
43
130
29,169

68.6
62.5
80.5
80.2
81.0
14.6
55.3
68.8

28,810
850
684
453
231
39
127
27,960

65.8
60.4
77.9
77.0
79.9
13.4
53.8
66.0

1,238
29
22
19
3
3
3
1,209

4.1
3.3
3.2
4.1
1.4
8.0
2.6
4.1

13,747
527
171
116
55
251
105
13,220

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.
Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of
service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War
(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in
only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent
one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Estimates for the above race
groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is
identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where
base is less than 35,000).

Table 2A. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2022
annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status, age, and period of service

TOTAL VETERANS
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I
Total, 35 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods
Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TOTAL NONVETERANS
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force
Total

Percent
of
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Unemployed
Total

Percent of
labor force

Not in
labor
force

18,370
297
1,460
2,140
2,542
3,400
8,531

8,807
204
1,225
1,793
2,092
2,188
1,305

47.9
68.7
83.9
83.8
82.3
64.4
15.3

8,557
186
1,176
1,752
2,047
2,139
1,257

46.6
62.7
80.6
81.9
80.5
62.9
14.7

250
18
49
41
45
50
48

2.8
8.8
4.0
2.3
2.2
2.3
3.7

9,563
93
235
347
450
1,211
7,226

8,138
297
1,460
2,140
2,293
1,393
555

6,222
204
1,225
1,793
1,903
962
136

76.5
68.7
83.9
83.8
83.0
69.0
24.4

6,053
186
1,176
1,752
1,862
944
132

74.4
62.7
80.6
81.9
81.2
67.8
23.8

169
18
49
41
41
17
4

2.7
8.8
4.0
2.3
2.1
1.8
2.8

1,916
93
235
347
390
432
419

4,903
297
1,460
1,753
746
497
150

3,918
204
1,225
1,471
618
352
49

79.9
68.7
83.9
83.9
82.8
70.8
32.3

3,796
186
1,176
1,436
607
343
48

77.4
62.7
80.6
81.9
81.4
69.0
31.7

121
18
49
34
11
9
1

3.1
8.8
4.0
2.3
1.8
2.5
–

985
93
235
282
128
145
102

3,235
387
1,547
896
405

2,304
322
1,285
610
87

71.2
83.3
83.1
68.0
21.5

2,256
316
1,255
601
84

69.8
81.6
81.2
67.1
20.8

48
6
30
9
3

2.1
2.0
2.3
1.4
3.5

931
65
262
287
318

6,237
0
6,237

924
0
924

14.8
–
14.8

888
0
888

14.2
–
14.2

36
0
36

3.9
–
3.9

5,314
0
5,314

3,995
249
2,006
1,739

1,662
189
1,227
246

41.6
75.9
61.1
14.1

1,617
185
1,194
238

40.5
74.1
59.5
13.7

45
4
32
8

2.7
2.3
2.6
3.3

2,333
60
780
1,493

236,451
28,507
42,708
40,859
37,452
38,745
48,178

153,017
18,426
35,500
33,877
30,349
25,272
9,592

64.7
64.6
83.1
82.9
81.0
65.2
19.9

147,523
16,981
34,124
32,872
29,607
24,623
9,317

62.4
59.6
79.9
80.5
79.1
63.6
19.3

5,494
1,444
1,377
1,005
743
649
275

3.6
7.8
3.9
3.0
2.4
2.6
2.9

83,434
10,081
7,208
6,982
7,103
13,473
38,586

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never
served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September
2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December
1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans
who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are
classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 2B. Employment status of men 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2022
annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status, age, and period of service

VETERANS, MEN
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I
Total, 35 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods
Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NONVETERANS, MEN
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force
Employed

Unemployed

Not in
labor
force

Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent of
population

16,342
216
1,201
1,731
2,174
2,944
8,076

7,616
161
1,015
1,466
1,818
1,929
1,226

46.6
74.5
84.5
84.7
83.6
65.5
15.2

7,400
147
974
1,433
1,778
1,885
1,182

45.3
68.2
81.1
82.8
81.8
64.0
14.6

217
13
42
33
40
44
44

2.8
8.4
4.1
2.3
2.2
2.3
3.6

8,726
55
186
265
356
1,014
6,850

6,768
216
1,201
1,731
1,967
1,169
484

5,250
161
1,015
1,466
1,660
829
119

77.6
74.5
84.5
84.7
84.4
70.9
24.7

5,107
147
974
1,433
1,623
813
116

75.4
68.2
81.1
82.8
82.5
69.6
23.9

144
13
42
33
36
16
4

2.7
8.4
4.1
2.3
2.2
1.9
2.9

1,518
55
186
265
307
340
365

4,008
216
1,201
1,413
623
428
127

3,257
161
1,015
1,201
525
311
44

81.3
74.5
84.5
85.0
84.3
72.8
34.4

3,155
147
974
1,172
517
302
43

78.7
68.2
81.1
82.9
82.9
70.7
33.8

102
13
42
29
8
9
1

3.1
8.4
4.1
2.4
1.6
2.8
1.7

751
55
186
212
98
116
84

2,760
318
1,344
741
357

1,993
265
1,135
518
76

72.2
83.4
84.4
69.8
21.2

1,951
261
1,107
511
73

70.7
81.9
82.4
68.9
20.4

42
5
28
7
3

2.1
1.7
2.4
1.3
3.7

767
53
209
224
281

5,989
0
5,989

882
0
882

14.7
–
14.7

848
0
848

14.2
–
14.2

34
0
34

3.8
–
3.8

5,107
0
5,107

3,585
207
1,775
1,603

1,484
158
1,101
225

41.4
76.4
62.0
14.0

1,445
155
1,072
218

40.3
74.6
60.4
13.6

39
4
29
7

2.7
2.3
2.6
3.1

2,101
49
674
1,378

107,655
14,230
20,763
19,648
17,605
17,648
17,761

78,628
9,433
18,472
17,718
15,413
12,695
4,898

73.0
66.3
89.0
90.2
87.5
71.9
27.6

75,756
8,631
17,754
17,203
15,049
12,363
4,756

70.4
60.7
85.5
87.6
85.5
70.1
26.8

2,873
802
718
515
364
332
142

3.7
8.5
3.9
2.9
2.4
2.6
2.9

29,027
4,798
2,291
1,930
2,193
4,953
12,863

Total

Percent of
labor force

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never
served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September
2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December
1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans
who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are
classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 2C. Employment status of women 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2022
annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status, age, and period of service

VETERANS, WOMEN
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era, total
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I
Total, 35 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods
Total, 45 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NONVETERANS, WOMEN
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 to 64 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force
Employed

Unemployed

Not in
labor
force

Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent of
population

2,027
81
259
408
368
456
455

1,191
43
209
326
274
259
79

58.7
53.1
81.0
79.9
74.4
56.8
17.3

1,158
39
202
319
269
253
75

57.1
47.7
78.3
78.1
73.0
55.5
16.5

33
4
7
7
5
6
4

2.8
10.2
3.3
2.2
1.9
2.2
4.5

837
38
49
82
94
197
376

1,369
81
259
408
326
225
71

971
43
209
326
243
133
16

70.9
53.1
81.0
79.9
74.6
59.2
22.9

946
39
202
319
239
131
16

69.1
47.7
78.3
78.1
73.2
58.4
22.5

25
4
7
7
4
2
0

2.6
10.2
3.3
2.2
1.8
1.4
–

398
38
49
82
83
92
55

895
81
259
340
123
70
23

660
43
209
270
93
41
5

73.8
53.1
81.0
79.3
75.6
58.7
–

641
39
202
264
90
41
5

71.6
47.7
78.3
77.7
73.4
58.7
–

19
4
7
5
3
0
0

2.9
10.2
3.3
2.0
2.8
0.0
–

235
38
49
70
30
29
18

474
68
203
155
48

311
57
150
92
12

65.5
82.9
74.1
59.4
24.1

305
55
148
90
11

64.3
80.4
73.1
58.3
23.6

6
2
2
2
0

1.8
3.0
1.2
2.0
–

164
12
53
63
36

248
0
248

42
0
42

16.8
–
16.8

39
0
39

15.9
–
15.9

2
0
2

5.3
–
5.3

207
0
207

410
42
232
136

178
31
126
21

43.4
73.1
54.4
15.3

172
30
122
20

42.0
71.4
52.8
14.5

6
1
4
1

3.1
–
3.0
–

232
11
106
115

128,795
14,277
21,945
21,211
19,847
21,097
30,418

74,389
8,993
17,028
16,160
14,937
12,578
4,694

57.8
63.0
77.6
76.2
75.3
59.6
15.4

71,768
8,350
16,369
15,669
14,558
12,260
4,561

55.7
58.5
74.6
73.9
73.4
58.1
15.0

2,621
643
659
490
379
317
133

3.5
7.1
3.9
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.8

54,406
5,284
4,917
5,052
4,910
8,520
25,723

Total

Percent of
labor force

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never
served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September
2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December
1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans
who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are
classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 3. Employment status of persons 25 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and educational
attainment, 2022 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force
Veteran status,
period of service, and educational attainment

VETERANS
Total, 25 years and over................................ .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era, total
Total, 25 years and over................................ .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era II
Total, 25 years and over................................ .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gulf War era I
Total, 25 years and over................................ .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total, 25 years and over................................ .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other service periods
Total, 25 years and over................................ .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NONVETERANS
Total, 25 years and over................................ .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Unemployed
Total

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

18,073
552
5,064
6,309
6,148

8,603
102
2,077
3,085
3,339

47.6
18.4
41.0
48.9
54.3

8,371
98
2,018
2,992
3,263

46.3
17.7
39.9
47.4
53.1

232
4
59
93
76

2.7
4.0
2.8
3.0
2.3

9,470
451
2,987
3,224
2,809

7,841
74
1,729
2,919
3,120

6,018
39
1,284
2,184
2,510

76.7
52.7
74.3
74.8
80.5

5,867
38
1,248
2,123
2,457

74.8
51.4
72.2
72.8
78.8

151
1
36
61
53

2.5
2.4
2.8
2.8
2.1

1,823
35
444
734
609

4,606
39
912
1,725
1,931

3,714
22
713
1,365
1,613

80.6
57.3
78.2
79.1
83.6

3,610
21
689
1,323
1,577

78.4
55.0
75.6
76.7
81.7

103
1
24
42
36

2.8
–
3.4
3.1
2.2

892
16
198
360
318

3,235
35
817
1,194
1,189

2,304
17
571
819
897

71.2
47.6
69.9
68.6
75.5

2,256
17
559
800
880

69.8
47.6
68.4
67.1
74.0

48
0
12
19
17

2.1
–
2.1
2.3
1.9

931
18
246
374
292

6,237
309
1,914
2,046
1,968

924
24
228
319
352

14.8
7.8
11.9
15.6
17.9

888
23
222
303
340

14.2
7.4
11.6
14.8
17.3

36
1
6
16
12

3.9
–
2.8
5.1
3.5

5,314
285
1,686
1,727
1,615

3,995
169
1,421
1,345
1,060

1,662
39
565
582
476

41.6
22.9
39.8
43.3
44.9

1,617
37
549
566
466

40.5
21.7
38.6
42.1
43.9

45
2
16
16
11

2.7
5.3
2.9
2.7
2.3

2,333
130
856
763
584

207,944
19,097
58,549
50,454
79,844

134,591
8,802
33,780
32,715
59,293

64.7
46.1
57.7
64.8
74.3

130,542
8,320
32,420
31,683
58,118

62.8
43.6
55.4
62.8
72.8

4,050
482
1,360
1,032
1,175

3.0
5.5
4.0
3.2
2.0

73,352
10,294
24,768
17,739
20,551

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.
Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of
service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War
(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in
only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent
one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data
that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2022
annual averages
[Percent distribution]
Veterans
Gulf War era
Occupation and sex

Total
Total

TOTAL
Total employed (in thousands).................................................. .
Occupation as a percent of total employed
Total employed.................................................................... .
Management, professional, and related occupations...................... .
Management, business, and financial operations occupations. . . . . . . . .
Professional and related occupations..................................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations............................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations. . . . . . . . . .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations............................... .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production occupations..................................................... .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MEN
Total employed (in thousands).................................................. .
Occupation as a percent of total employed
Total employed.................................................................... .
Management, professional, and related occupations...................... .
Management, business, and financial operations occupations. . . . . . . . .
Professional and related occupations..................................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations............................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations. . . . . . . . . .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations............................... .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production occupations..................................................... .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WOMEN
Total employed (in thousands).................................................. .
Occupation as a percent of total employed
Total employed.................................................................... .
Management, professional, and related occupations...................... .
Management, business, and financial operations occupations. . . . . . . . .
Professional and related occupations..................................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations............................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations. . . . . . . . . .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations............................... .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gulf War Gulf War
era II
era I

WW II,
Korean
War,
and
Vietnam
era

Other
service
periods

Nonveterans

8,557

6,053

3,796

2,256

888

1,617

147,523

100.0
43.3
21.4
21.9
12.5
14.4
7.5
6.9
12.8
0.3
5.8
6.7
16.9
6.0
10.9

100.0
44.8
21.3
23.5
13.1
13.9
6.9
6.9
12.7
0.2
5.6
6.9
15.6
5.9
9.6

100.0
44.1
20.0
24.1
13.9
14.2
6.7
7.5
13.4
0.2
5.6
7.5
14.5
5.4
9.1

100.0
45.9
23.5
22.4
11.7
13.4
7.3
6.1
11.6
0.2
5.7
5.7
17.4
6.9
10.5

100.0
43.2
26.0
17.2
11.2
16.6
10.7
5.8
11.3
0.9
5.5
4.8
17.7
4.9
12.8

100.0
37.6
19.1
18.5
11.3
15.4
7.9
7.5
14.1
0.3
6.6
7.3
21.5
7.0
14.5

100.0
43.6
18.6
24.9
15.8
19.3
8.9
10.4
8.8
0.6
5.3
2.9
12.5
5.2
7.3

7,400

5,107

3,155

1,951

848

1,445

75,756

100.0
41.6
21.3
20.3
12.5
12.9
7.4
5.5
14.5
0.3
6.6
7.6
18.5
6.5
12.0

100.0
42.8
21.0
21.8
13.3
12.0
6.7
5.4
14.7
0.3
6.5
7.9
17.2
6.5
10.7

100.0
42.6
19.7
22.9
14.0
12.0
6.4
5.5
15.6
0.3
6.6
8.7
15.8
5.7
10.1

100.0
43.2
23.2
20.0
12.1
12.1
7.0
5.1
13.3
0.2
6.5
6.6
19.4
7.7
11.6

100.0
43.0
26.3
16.7
11.2
15.8
10.9
4.9
11.7
0.9
5.7
5.1
18.3
5.1
13.3

100.0
36.3
19.3
17.1
10.7
14.2
7.8
6.4
15.6
0.3
7.4
7.9
23.2
7.4
15.7

100.0
39.5
19.3
20.2
12.6
14.0
8.6
5.4
16.2
0.9
9.9
5.4
17.8
7.0
10.8

1,158

946

641

305

39

172

71,768

100.0
54.0
21.8
32.2
12.5
24.5
8.4
16.1
2.0
0.1
0.7
1.2

100.0
55.3
22.7
32.7
11.9
24.0
8.5
15.5
1.9
0.1
0.8
1.1

100.0
51.5
21.3
30.3
13.2
24.9
8.0
16.9
2.6
0.1
0.9
1.6

100.0
63.3
25.5
37.8
9.1
22.0
9.4
12.6
0.5
0.1
0.4
0.1

100.0
46.8
17.8
29.0
12.8
32.2
6.1
26.1
3.1
0.0
3.1
0.0

100.0
48.6
18.3
30.4
16.1
25.7
8.6
17.1
2.2
0.2
0.0
2.0

100.0
47.9
18.0
29.9
19.2
25.0
9.3
15.7
1.1
0.3
0.5
0.3

Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2022
annual averages — Continued
[Percent distribution]
Veterans
Gulf War era
Occupation and sex

Total
Total

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production occupations..................................................... .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.9
3.2
3.7

6.9
3.1
3.7

Gulf War Gulf War
era II
era I
7.8
3.8
4.0

5.0
1.8
3.2

WW II,
Korean
War,
and
Vietnam
era
5.0
2.2
2.8

Other
service
periods
7.4
3.6
3.8

Nonveterans

6.8
3.4
3.5

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.
Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of
service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War
(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in
only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent
one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data
that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of
service, 2022 annual averages
[Percent distribution]
Veterans
Gulf War era
Industry, class of worker, and sex

Total
Total

TOTAL
Total employed (in thousands)1.............................. .
As a percent of total employed
Total employed1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . .............. .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local.................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MEN
Total employed (in thousands)1.............................. .
As a percent of total employed
Total employed1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . .............. .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

Gulf War
era II

Gulf War
era I

WW II,
Korean
War, and
Vietnam
era

Other
service
periods

Nonveterans

8,557

6,053

3,796

2,256

888

1,617

147,523

100.0
1.4
0.7
0.7
98.6
93.1
70.3
0.6
6.5
12.0
2.0
8.3
7.6
1.7
4.6
11.3
8.9
3.7
3.0
22.8
10.8
4.6
7.4
5.4

100.0
0.6
0.4
0.2
99.4
95.6
70.2
0.7
6.5
12.2
2.0
7.7
7.3
1.7
4.3
11.9
9.2
3.9
2.8
25.4
12.7
4.8
7.9
3.7

100.0
0.7
0.5
0.1
99.3
95.8
70.0
0.8
6.5
11.5
2.0
7.3
7.0
1.6
4.2
12.5
9.4
4.3
3.0
25.8
13.9
4.5
7.4
3.5

100.0
0.6
0.3
0.3
99.4
95.4
70.5
0.6
6.5
13.2
2.0
8.5
7.8
2.0
4.6
10.9
8.8
3.2
2.4
24.8
10.7
5.3
8.9
4.0

100.0
6.4
2.3
4.1
93.6
78.8
66.5
0.3
5.1
7.7
2.4
10.0
5.9
1.8
6.7
10.3
8.0
3.7
4.5
12.4
4.1
3.1
5.2
14.7

100.0
1.7
0.7
1.0
98.3
91.5
72.6
0.2
7.4
13.5
1.9
9.7
9.5
1.4
4.6
9.9
8.2
2.9
3.2
18.8
7.5
4.7
6.6
6.8

100.0
1.4
1.0
0.5
98.6
92.7
79.6
0.4
6.1
9.3
2.0
9.8
5.0
1.6
6.5
11.7
15.8
7.5
4.1
13.1
2.1
4.6
6.4
5.8

7,400

5,107

3,155

1,951

848

1,445

75,756

100.0
1.5
0.7
0.8
98.5
92.8
70.9
0.7
7.3
12.9
2.1
8.3
8.3
1.8
4.4
11.6
6.8
3.5
3.0
21.9
10.4
4.3

100.0
0.6
0.5
0.2
99.4
95.6
71.0
0.9
7.3
13.4
2.1
7.7
8.1
1.9
4.0
12.3
6.8
3.7
2.8
24.6
12.5
4.4

100.0
0.7
0.6
0.1
99.3
95.9
70.4
1.0
7.5
12.7
2.1
7.3
7.7
1.7
3.5
12.9
6.8
4.1
3.1
25.5
14.1
4.1

100.0
0.6
0.3
0.2
99.4
95.2
72.0
0.7
7.1
14.4
2.3
8.4
8.7
2.2
4.8
11.3
6.8
2.9
2.3
23.2
9.9
4.9

100.0
6.5
2.3
4.2
93.5
78.5
66.4
0.3
5.4
7.6
2.1
10.2
6.1
1.8
6.8
10.4
7.4
3.8
4.5
12.1
3.9
3.0

100.0
1.6
0.7
0.9
98.4
91.1
73.2
0.2
8.2
14.5
2.1
9.5
10.1
1.6
4.5
10.1
6.6
2.8
2.9
17.9
6.9
4.6

100.0
2.0
1.3
0.6
98.0
91.4
81.3
0.6
10.5
12.5
2.6
9.6
7.2
2.0
5.9
12.7
7.0
7.1
3.7
10.1
2.0
3.3

Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of
service, 2022 annual averages — Continued
[Percent distribution]
Veterans
Gulf War era
Industry, class of worker, and sex

Total

Gulf War
era II

Total
Local.................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WOMEN
Total employed (in thousands)1.............................. .
As a percent of total employed
Total employed1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction. . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . .............. .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local.................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Gulf War
era I

WW II,
Korean
War, and
Vietnam
era

Other
service
periods

Nonveterans

7.2
5.7

7.7
3.7

7.2
3.4

8.4
4.2

5.2
14.9

6.4
7.3

4.8
6.6

1,158

946

641

305

39

172

71,768

100.0
1.0
0.4
0.6
99.0
95.3
66.3
0.1
1.9
5.6
1.3
8.4
3.0
0.7
5.9
9.5
21.9
4.8
3.3
29.0
13.4
6.7
8.9
3.7

100.0
0.6
0.3
0.3
99.4
95.9
66.1
0.0
2.2
5.5
1.3
7.8
2.8
0.9
5.9
9.7
22.0
5.1
2.8
29.8
13.7
7.0
9.1
3.5

100.0
0.5
0.3
0.3
99.5
95.6
68.3
0.0
2.0
5.4
1.6
7.3
3.2
1.1
7.3
10.5
22.1
5.3
2.6
27.3
13.0
6.4
7.9
3.9

100.0
0.7
0.3
0.4
99.3
96.5
61.3
0.1
2.6
5.7
0.6
9.1
1.9
0.4
3.1
8.1
21.9
4.6
3.1
35.2
15.3
8.2
11.7
2.8

100.0
4.5
1.5
3.0
95.5
85.3
67.4
0.0
0.0
9.0
7.9
5.8
2.5
0.8
5.3
8.0
22.9
1.5
3.6
17.9
8.0
5.2
4.7
10.2

100.0
2.4
0.9
1.5
97.6
94.5
67.4
0.1
0.9
5.5
0.2
11.7
4.5
0.0
5.5
8.3
21.2
3.8
5.8
27.1
13.0
5.8
8.3
3.0

100.0
0.9
0.6
0.3
99.1
94.0
77.8
0.1
1.5
5.9
1.2
10.0
2.7
1.2
7.2
10.5
25.0
8.0
4.4
16.2
2.2
5.9
8.1
5.0

Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers, not shown separately.
Includes self-employed workers whose business are incorporated.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.
Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of
service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War
(July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in
only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent
one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data
that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).

2

Table 6A. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by state, 2022 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force
State

TOTAL VETERANS
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

18,370
352
68
436
225
1,383
382
151
69
26
1,390
668
98
124
522
396
202
173
284
264
105
419
270
555
276
190
369
103
120
244
102
279
163
681
685
49
718
275
306
703
64
386
63
497
1,636
150
37
703
492
144
322
49

Total

Percent
of
population

8,807
180
41
210
91
632
206
72
28
14
615
332
48
56
221
188
104
89
133
115
42
231
129
251
131
84
179
47
67
119
50
114
69
287
302
27
348
117
143
300
26
182
37
227
932
78
16
420
244
67
137
26

47.9
51.1
59.5
48.2
40.6
45.7
53.9
47.6
40.6
54.7
44.2
49.7
49.4
44.7
42.3
47.5
51.5
51.4
46.9
43.5
40.3
55.3
47.9
45.2
47.5
44.5
48.7
46.2
55.4
48.9
48.6
40.9
42.6
42.2
44.1
55.5
48.5
42.5
46.7
42.6
41.3
47.1
59.2
45.7
57.0
51.9
44.3
59.7
49.6
46.4
42.5
51.7

Employed

Unemployed

Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
labor force

8,557
177
39
203
89
604
199
70
27
14
606
322
46
54
213
184
102
87
131
113
41
228
125
247
129
81
176
47
65
113
48
113
67
277
296
27
340
115
138
291
26
175
37
220
893
76
16
413
237
65
131
25

46.6
50.2
57.5
46.6
39.4
43.7
52.2
46.4
39.6
53.1
43.6
48.1
47.4
43.3
40.9
46.4
50.6
50.0
46.3
42.8
38.6
54.3
46.2
44.5
46.7
42.6
47.8
45.3
54.1
46.4
47.5
40.4
41.1
40.7
43.1
55.1
47.4
41.6
45.0
41.4
40.6
45.5
58.5
44.3
54.6
50.6
43.3
58.7
48.2
45.2
40.8
50.8

250
3
1
7
3
28
7
2
1
0
9
11
2
2
7
4
2
2
2
2
2
4
5
4
2
4
3
1
2
6
1
1
2
10
7
0
8
2
5
9
0
6
0
7
39
2
0
7
7
2
5
0

2.8
1.8
3.4
3.2
3.0
4.4
3.2
2.6
2.6
2.9
1.5
3.2
4.0
3.3
3.4
2.2
1.8
2.7
1.4
1.6
4.2
1.7
3.5
1.6
1.7
4.2
1.7
2.0
2.3
5.2
2.3
1.3
3.3
3.5
2.2
0.7
2.2
2.1
3.6
3.0
1.9
3.5
1.2
3.1
4.2
2.4
2.3
1.7
2.9
2.5
3.9
1.9

Not in
labor
force

9,563
172
28
226
134
751
176
79
41
12
775
336
50
69
301
208
98
84
151
149
63
187
141
304
145
105
189
55
54
125
53
165
94
394
383
22
370
158
163
403
37
204
26
270
704
72
20
283
248
77
185
24

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Dash indicates no data or
data that do not meet publication criteria.

Table 6B. Employment status of nonveterans 18 years and over by state, 2022 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force
State

TOTAL NONVETERANS
Total, 18 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alabama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arizona. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
California. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Colorado. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
District of Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Georgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Indiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Iowa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kentucky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Louisiana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maryland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Minnesota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Missouri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Montana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nevada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New Hampshire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New Jersey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
North Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
North Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ohio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oklahoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oregon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rhode Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
South Carolina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tennessee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utah. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vermont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
West Virginia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wisconsin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wyoming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

236,451
3,528
465
5,233
2,071
28,432
4,138
2,691
723
491
16,079
7,542
981
1,338
9,101
4,787
2,237
2,009
3,136
3,197
1,021
4,328
5,220
7,252
4,056
2,016
4,337
775
1,346
2,200
1,031
6,827
1,454
14,579
7,479
525
8,302
2,703
3,056
9,404
813
3,677
605
4,910
20,306
2,266
489
5,903
5,489
1,259
4,253
391

NOTE: Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.

Total

Percent
of
population

153,017
2,100
312
3,364
1,255
18,307
2,957
1,818
452
355
9,972
4,856
614
891
6,113
3,162
1,579
1,379
1,876
1,952
617
2,924
3,498
4,503
2,861
1,164
2,810
520
974
1,412
700
4,518
849
9,106
4,758
375
5,259
1,737
2,012
6,031
544
2,149
435
3,073
13,519
1,604
319
3,941
3,689
707
2,835
259

64.7
59.5
67.2
64.3
60.6
64.4
71.5
67.6
62.5
72.3
62.0
64.4
62.6
66.6
67.2
66.0
70.6
68.6
59.8
61.1
60.4
67.6
67.0
62.1
70.6
57.7
64.8
67.1
72.3
64.2
67.9
66.2
58.4
62.5
63.6
71.5
63.3
64.3
65.8
64.1
67.0
58.5
71.9
62.6
66.6
70.8
65.3
66.8
67.2
56.1
66.7
66.2

Employed

Unemployed

Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
labor force

147,523
2,046
299
3,236
1,209
17,558
2,868
1,745
433
339
9,688
4,708
592
867
5,853
3,062
1,539
1,344
1,802
1,881
597
2,832
3,386
4,316
2,790
1,119
2,738
506
950
1,336
680
4,343
816
8,705
4,583
369
5,055
1,676
1,929
5,785
525
2,079
428
2,972
13,026
1,567
311
3,828
3,532
680
2,744
250

62.4
58.0
64.3
61.8
58.4
61.8
69.3
64.9
59.8
69.0
60.3
62.4
60.3
64.8
64.3
64.0
68.8
66.9
57.5
58.8
58.5
65.4
64.9
59.5
68.8
55.5
63.1
65.3
70.6
60.7
66.0
63.6
56.2
59.7
61.3
70.3
60.9
62.0
63.1
61.5
64.6
56.5
70.7
60.5
64.1
69.1
63.7
64.9
64.4
54.0
64.5
64.0

5,494
55
14
127
45
749
89
73
20
16
284
148
22
24
260
100
40
35
74
70
20
92
112
187
71
45
72
14
23
76
20
175
32
401
175
6
204
61
83
246
19
71
8
102
494
37
8
113
157
27
91
9

3.6
2.6
4.4
3.8
3.6
4.1
3.0
4.0
4.3
4.6
2.8
3.1
3.6
2.7
4.2
3.1
2.5
2.5
3.9
3.6
3.3
3.2
3.2
4.2
2.5
3.9
2.6
2.6
2.4
5.4
2.8
3.9
3.8
4.4
3.7
1.7
3.9
3.5
4.1
4.1
3.5
3.3
1.8
3.3
3.7
2.3
2.5
2.9
4.3
3.8
3.2
3.3

Not in
labor
force

83,434
1,428
152
1,870
816
10,125
1,180
872
271
136
6,107
2,686
367
447
2,989
1,626
659
630
1,260
1,245
404
1,404
1,723
2,750
1,194
852
1,527
255
372
788
330
2,309
605
5,473
2,721
150
3,043
966
1,044
3,374
269
1,527
170
1,836
6,786
662
170
1,962
1,799
552
1,418
132

Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability
rating, period of service, and sex, August 2022, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force

Presence of disability, reported disability
rating, period of service, and sex

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Unemployed

Percent of
population

Not in labor
force

Percent of
labor force

Total

TOTAL
VETERANS
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

18,336
4,920
1,144
874
2,475
427
12,445
971

8,843
2,345
603
451
1,094
197
6,024
474

48.2
47.7
52.6
51.7
44.2
46.1
48.4
48.8

8,590
2,261
581
433
1,053
192
5,861
469

46.8
45.9
50.8
49.6
42.6
45.0
47.1
48.3

252
85
21
18
41
5
163
4

2.9
3.6
3.5
4.0
3.7
2.3
2.7
0.9

9,493
2,575
542
422
1,380
230
6,421
498

Gulf War era, total
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

8,157
2,963
565
528
1,628
242
4,727
467

6,294
2,021
435
398
1,007
182
3,935
338

77.2
68.2
77.0
75.3
61.8
75.2
83.3
72.2

6,145
1,947
414
385
966
182
3,861
338

75.3
65.7
73.3
72.9
59.4
75.2
81.7
72.2

149
74
21
13
40
75
-

2.4
3.6
4.7
3.2
4.0
1.9
-

1,863
942
130
131
621
60
791
130

Gulf War era II
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

4,898
1,985
292
368
1,144
180
2,570
342

3,929
1,475
277
293
754
151
2,218
236

80.2
74.3
94.8
79.8
65.9
83.6
86.3
68.9

3,838
1,425
257
283
735
151
2,177
236

78.4
71.8
87.7
77.1
64.2
83.6
84.7
68.9

91
50
21
10
19
41
-

2.3
3.4
7.4
3.4
2.6
1.9
-

968
510
15
74
390
30
352
107

Gulf War era I
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

3,259
978
273
161
483
61
2,156
125

2,365
546
158
104
253
31
1,717
102

72.6
55.8
57.9
64.9
52.3
79.6
81.4

2,308
522
158
102
232
31
1,684
102

70.8
53.4
57.9
63.2
47.9
78.1
81.4

57
24
3
21
33
-

2.4
4.3
2.6
8.3
1.9
-

895
432
115
56
231
30
439
23

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

6,202
1,423
406
234
639
144
4,481
298

820
132
68
26
31
6
658
30

13.2
9.3
16.7
11.2
4.9
4.5
14.7
9.9

773
126
67
21
31
6
618
30

12.5
8.8
16.6
9.0
4.8
4.5
13.8
9.9

47
6
0
5
0
40
-

5.7
4.7
6.1
-

5,382
1,291
338
208
607
138
3,822
268

Other service periods
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

3,977
534
173
111
208
42
3,237
206

1,729
192
100
27
56
9
1,430
106

43.5
35.9
57.5
24.7
27.1
44.2
51.7

1,672
187
100
27
56
4
1,382
102

42.0
35.1
57.5
24.7
27.1
42.7
49.7

57
5
5
48
4

3.3
2.4
3.4
3.9

2,248
342
73
84
152
33
1,807
99

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability
rating, period of service, and sex, August 2022, not seasonally adjusted -- Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force

Presence of disability, reported disability
rating, period of service, and sex

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Unemployed

Percent of
population

Not in labor
force

Percent of
labor force

Total

MEN
VETERANS
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

16,306
4,283
1,027
792
2,089
375
11,124
900

7,583
1,951
513
411
875
152
5,202
430

46.5
45.6
49.9
51.9
41.9
40.5
46.8
47.8

7,370
1,879
492
396
840
152
5,065
425

45.2
43.9
47.9
50.0
40.2
40.5
45.5
47.3

214
72
21
15
36
138
4

2.8
3.7
4.1
3.7
4.1
2.6
1.0

8,723
2,331
514
381
1,214
223
5,921
470

Gulf War era, total
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

6,783
2,420
485
467
1,274
194
3,935
429

5,290
1,653
361
360
790
141
3,329
308

78.0
68.3
74.5
77.1
62.1
72.9
84.6
71.9

5,165
1,587
341
350
755
141
3,270
308

76.1
65.6
70.2
75.0
59.3
72.9
83.1
71.9

125
66
21
10
35
59
-

2.4
4.0
5.7
2.8
4.5
1.8
-

1,493
766
124
107
483
53
606
121

Gulf War era II
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

4,033
1,571
235
324
870
142
2,157
305

3,276
1,179
222
267
572
117
1,889
208

81.2
75.0
94.5
82.6
65.7
82.4
87.6
68.0

3,201
1,129
202
257
553
117
1,864
208

79.4
71.9
85.7
79.5
63.5
82.4
86.4
68.0

75
49
21
10
19
26
-

2.3
4.2
9.3
3.7
3.3
1.4
-

757
392
13
56
298
25
267
97

Gulf War era I
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

2,750
848
249
144
404
51
1,778
124

2,014
474
139
93
219
24
1,439
101

73.2
55.9
55.6
64.6
54.2
80.9
81.3

1,964
458
139
93
202
24
1,406
101

71.4
54.0
55.6
64.6
50.1
79.1
81.3

50
16
16
33
-

2.5
3.4
7.5
2.3
-

736
374
111
51
185
28
339
23

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

5,955
1,380
393
224
619
144
4,293
282

760
122
61
24
31
6
615
23

12.8
8.8
15.5
10.6
4.9
4.5
14.3
8.3

714
115
60
18
30
6
575
23

12.0
8.4
15.4
8.2
4.9
4.5
13.4
8.3

47
6
0
5
0
40
-

6.1
5.1
6.6
-

5,195
1,259
332
200
589
138
3,678
258

Other service periods
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

3,568
483
149
101
196
37
2,896
189

1,533
177
91
27
54
4
1,259
98

43.0
36.6
61.0
27.2
27.7
43.5
51.8

1,491
177
91
27
54
4
1,221
94

41.8
36.6
61.0
27.2
27.7
42.1
49.6

42
38
4

2.8
3.0
4.3

2,035
306
58
73
142
33
1,637
91

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability
rating, period of service, and sex, August 2022, not seasonally adjusted -- Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force

Presence of disability, reported disability
rating, period of service, and sex

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Percent of
population

Total

Unemployed

Percent of
population

Total

Not in labor
force

Percent of
labor force

Total

WOMEN
VETERANS
Total
With service-connected disability
Less than 30 percent disability rating
30 to 50 percent disability rating
60 percent or higher disability rating
Disability rating not reported
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

2,030
637
117
82
386
52
1,321
72

1,259
394
90
40
219
45
822
44

62.0
61.8
76.3
49.0
56.8
62.2
-

1,221
381
90
37
214
40
796
44

60.1
59.8
76.3
45.7
55.4
60.2
-

38
12
3
5
5
26
-

3.0
3.2
2.4
3.2
-

771
243
28
42
167
7
500
28

Gulf War era, total
Total
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

1,374
543
792
38

1,004
368
607
29

73.1
67.7
76.6
-

980
360
591
29

71.4
66.3
74.6
-

24
8
16
-

2.4
2.1
2.6
-

370
175
185
9

Gulf War era II
Total
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

865
414
414
37

653
296
329
28

75.6
71.7
79.5
-

637
296
313
28

73.7
71.5
75.6
-

16
1
16
-

2.5
0.2
4.8
-

211
117
85
9

Gulf War era I
Total
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

509
130
378
1

351
72
278
1

68.9
55.2
73.5
-

343
64
278
1

67.4
49.5
73.5
-

7
7
-

2.1
-

159
58
100
-

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era
Total
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

247
43
188
17

60
10
43
6

24.2
23.0
-

60
10
43
6

24.2
23.0
-

-

-

187
32
144
10

Other service periods
Total
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability
Presence of disability not reported

409
51
342
16

195
15
172
8

47.7
50.2
-

181
11
162
8

44.2
47.3
-

15
5
10
-

7.5
5.9
-

214
36
170
8

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.
Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and
other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served
in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are
classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The
associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal
Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the
veterans supplement reflect a change in the weighting methodology. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not
shown where base is less than 75,000).

Table 8. Employed persons 18 years and over by veteran status, presence of service-connected disability, period of service,
and class of worker, August 2022, not seasonally adjusted
Percent distribution by class of worker
Nonagricultural industries

Veteran status, presence of
disability, and period of service

Veterans, total²
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability

Total
Employed
(thousands)

Total

Agriculture
and
related
industries

Wage and salary workers¹
Total

Private
sector

Total

Selfemployed,
unincorpoGovernment
rated, and
unpaid
family
State and
Federal
workers
local

8,590
2,261
5,861

100.0
100.0
100.0

1.4
1.5
1.5

98.6
98.5
98.5

70.3
66.9
71.5

23.2
27.4
21.5

10.2
17.7
7.2

13.1
9.7
14.3

5.0
4.2
5.5

6,145
1,947
3,861

100.0
100.0
100.0

0.6
0.7
0.6

99.4
99.3
99.4

70.8
67.9
72.3

25.0
27.9
23.5

11.4
18.4
7.7

13.7
9.5
15.8

3.5
3.5
3.6

Gulf War era II²
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability

3,838
1,425
2,177

100.0
100.0
100.0

0.8
0.9
0.8

99.2
99.1
99.2

71.0
70.1
71.1

25.0
25.7
24.4

11.7
15.2
9.2

13.3
10.5
15.2

3.3
3.2
3.6

Gulf War era I²
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability

2,308
522
1,684

100.0
100.0
100.0

0.3
0.4

99.7
100.0
99.6

70.6
61.9
73.7

25.2
34.0
22.3

10.8
27.0
5.7

14.4
6.9
16.6

3.9
4.1
3.6

773
126
618

100.0
100.0
100.0

8.1
15.3
7.0

91.9
84.7
93.0

72.1
66.2
72.5

8.3
8.3
8.7

0.9
1.1

7.4
8.3
7.5

11.6
10.2
11.8

1,672
187
1,382

100.0
100.0
100.0

1.1
0.5
1.3

98.9
99.5
98.7

67.8
57.2
69.1

23.6
35.3
21.7

10.2
23.1
8.7

13.4
12.3
13.1

7.6
7.0
7.9

147,662

100.0

1.4

98.6

80.0

12.8

2.1

10.7

5.8

Gulf War era, total²
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era²
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability
Other service periods²
With service-connected disability
Without service-connected disability
Nonveterans

¹ Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
² Includes veterans who did not report presence of disability.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.
Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service:
Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one
period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one.
Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a
health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is
determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this
release. Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the veterans supplement reflect a change in the weighting methodology. Dash indicates no
data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

Table 9. Employment status of Gulf War-era veterans by Reserve or National Guard status, August 2022, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force

Period of service and Reserve or National Guard
status

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Unemployed

Percent of
population

Percent of
labor
force

Total

Not in
labor
force

VETERANS
Gulf War era, total
Total
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported

8,157
2,787
5,226
144

6,294
2,266
3,914
114

77.2
81.3
74.9
79.4

6,145
2,207
3,824
114

75.3
79.2
73.2
79.4

149
59
90
-

2.4
2.6
2.3
-

1,863
521
1,312
30

4,898
1,645
3,162
91

3,929
1,403
2,450
76

80.2
85.3
77.5
83.5

3,838
1,358
2,404
76

78.4
82.6
76.0
83.5

91
45
46
-

2.3
3.2
1.9
-

968
242
712
15

3,259
1,142
2,065
53

2,365
863
1,464
38

72.6
75.5
70.9
-

2,308
849
1,420
38

70.8
74.3
68.8
-

57
13
44
-

2.4
1.6
3.0
-

895
280
600
15

Gulf War era II
Total
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported
Gulf War era I
Total
Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard
Never a member of Reserve or National Guard
Reserve or National Guard membership not reported

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. The
Gulf War era began in August 1990 and continues to the present day. It is divided into two periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present)
and Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent period. Data do not include
Reserve and National Guard members who have never been called to Active Duty. Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the veterans
supplement reflect a change in the weighting methodology. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where
base is less than 75,000).

Table 10. Employment status of Gulf War-era II veterans 18 years and over by location of service, August 2022, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force

Period of service and location

Total, Gulf War-era II veterans
Served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both¹
Served in Iraq²
Served in Afghanistan³
Served in both locations4
Served elsewhere

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

4,898
2,049
1,533
1,115
599
2,848

Employed
Total

3,929
1,650
1,199
919
468
2,279

Percent of
population

80.2
80.5
78.2
82.5
78.2
80.0

Total

3,838
1,613
1,171
904
462
2,225

Unemployed

Percent of
population
78.4
78.7
76.4
81.1
77.2
78.1

Number

91
37
28
15
6
54

Not in labor
force

Rate

2.3
2.3
2.4
1.6
1.3
2.4

968
399
334
195
130
569

¹ Refers to veterans who served in Iraq at anytime since March 2003 and veterans who served in Afghanistan at anytime since October 2001. Also
includes veterans who served in both countries.
² Includes all veterans who served in Iraq at any time since March 2003, whether or not they also served in Afghanistan.
³ Includes all veterans who served in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, whether or not they also served in Iraq.
4
Veterans who served in both Iraq and Afghanistan during the designated dates are also included in the totals of each location above.
NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf
War-era II veterans served anywhere in the world at any time since September 2001. Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the veterans
supplement reflect a change in the weighting methodology. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where
base is less than 75,000).