Appendix D: Crosswalk of Survey Items to Research Questions

Table D1. R3-Impact Impact Study Crosswalk: Research Questions and Data Source

Research Question	Data Source
	Parent Survey	Administrative Data	Cost Data
Primary Research Question (Confirmatory)
What is the effect of PMP on parent mental and emotional health?	X
What is the effect of PMP on substance use?	X
What is the effect of PMP on parent engagement with the child welfare case?	X
Secondary Research Questions (Exploratory)
What is the effect of PMP on family functioning?	X
What is the effect of PMP on economic and housing stability?	X
What is the effect of PMP on substance use treatment engagement? On recovery engagement?	X
What is the effect of PMP on experiencing a foster care placement?		X
What is the effect of PMP on any child permanency? On the average time to permanency?		X
What is the effect of PMP on experiencing a reunification with a child who has been removed from the home? On the average time to reunification?		X
What is the effect of PMP on other permanency (e.g., adoption, guardianship)? On the average time to other permanency?		X
What is the effect of PMP on subsequent substantiated allegations of maltreatment?		X
What is the effect of PMP on parent mental and emotional health, substance use, parent engagement with the child welfare case, family functioning, economic and housing stability, substance use treatment engagement, recovery engagement, foster care placement, any child permanency, reunification, and subsequent maltreatment outcomes for subgroups defined by race and ethnicity? Do these effects differ according to race/ethnicity? Are there any baseline factors, including those related to issues of inequities and marginalization, associated with differential outcomes?	X	X
Do the effects of PMP differ according to other baseline characteristics (such as level of previous child welfare involvement and level of risk for foster care placement)?	X	X
Does engagement in substance use treatment and recovery services lead to (i.e., mediate) favorable effects of PMP on parent well-being or child welfare outcomes?	X	X
Do short-term improvements in parent well-being lead to (i.e., mediate) favorable effects of PMP on child welfare outcomes?	X	X
Does the use of PMP result in any net savings for states, accounting for costs borne by states and the federal government?	X	X	X

Table D2. R3-Impact Study Crosswalk: Survey Items to Outcome Domain, Study Purpose, and Research Questions

Scale	Survey Number	Outcome Domain	Purpose	Relevant Research Question	Relevant Research Question if Same Baseline Item Asked at Follow-up
Housing / Household
Current Housing Situation	HOUS-1	Adult well-being (Economic and housing stability)	Pretest measure of outcome	N/A for baseline survey	RQ5, RQ12-16
Stability, Mobility	HOUS-2
Stability, Eviction	HOUS - 3
Household Composition	HOUS-4 – HOUS-5b	Demographics, background characteristics, baseline covariate, or subgrouping variable	Sample description, baseline covariate, and/or subgroup analysis	N/A	N/A
Marital and cohabitation status	HOUS-6 –HOUS-7b
Case Engagement
Engagement subscale	CEE-1 – CEE-4	Child welfare case engagement (Engagement)	Pretest measure of outcome	N/A for baseline survey	RQ3, RQ12-16
Disaffection subscale	CED-5 – CED-9	Child welfare case engagement (Disaffection)
Motivation subscale	CEM-10 – CEM-13	Child welfare case engagement (Motivation)
Adult well-being: Mental/emotional health
Depressive symptoms	DEP-1 – DEP-10	Adult well-being (Mental and emotional health)	Pretest measure of outcome	N/A for baseline survey	RQ1, RQ12-16
Social support (PAPF - Social Connections subscale)	SS-1 – SS-9
Parenting stress	PS-1 – PS-18	Adult well-being (Family functioning)	Pretest measure of outcome	N/A for baseline survey	RQ4, RQ12-16
Overall quality of life (QoL) and general health	QoL-1 – QoL-2	Adult well-being (Mental and emotional health)	Pretest measure of outcome	N/A for baseline survey	RQ1, RQ12-16
Resilience	Resil-1 – Resil-6
Protective factors - family functioning, concrete support	PF-1 – PF-9	Adult well-being (Family functioning)	Pretest measure of outcome	N/A for baseline survey	RQ4, RQ12-16
Agency / goals (“Hope”)	HOPE-1 – HOPE-6	Adult well-being (Mental and emotional health)	Pretest measure of outcome	N/A for baseline survey	RQ1, RQ12-16
Adult Well-being: Substance
Substance Use – Any Use	SUDAL-1, SUDDOTDA-A1	Adult well-being (Substance Use or Misuse)	Pretest measure of outcome	N/A for baseline survey	RQ2, RQ12-16
Readiness for recovery	SUDRR-1 – ALC SUDRR-2 DRU	Substance use treatment and recovery engagement (Recovery)	Pretest measure of outcome	N/A for baseline survey	RQ6, RQ12-16
Substance Use - Type/frequency, alcohol	SUDAL-1b – SUDAL-2.c	Adult well-being (Substance Use or Misuse)	Pretest measure of outcome	N/A for baseline survey	RQ2, RQ12-16
Substance Use -Alcohol	SUDALRA-1 – SUDALRA-4
Substance use - Other drugs	SUDOTDA-1 – SUDOTDA-10
Substance Use - Type/frequency, other drugs	SUDOT-1 – 4, SUDOT-6
Substance Use - Type/frequency, other drugs	SUDOT-5	Substance use treatment and recovery engagement (Recovery)	Pretest measure of outcome	N/A for baseline survey	RQ6, RQ12-16
Substance use - Treatment Engagement	SUDTR-1 – SUDTR-2, SUDTR-6	Substance use treatment and recovery engagement (Treatment)
Substance use - Treatment Engagement	SUDTR-3 – SUDTR-5	Substance use treatment and recovery engagement (Recovery)
Economic Circumstances
Financial strain	ECFS-1	Adult well-being (Economic and housing stability)	Pretest measure of outcome	N/A for baseline survey	RQ5, RQ12-16
Material hardship, food hardship	ECMH-1
Material hardship, medical hardship	ECMH-2
Material hardship, utility hardship	ECMH-3 – ECMH-4
Material hardship, bill-paying hardship	ECMH-5 – ECMH-6
Public assistance	ECPA-1	Demographics, background characteristics, baseline covariate, or subgrouping variable	Sample description, baseline covariate, and/or subgroup analysis	N/A	N/A
Health insurance	ECHI-1
Usual health care provider	ECHCP-1 – ECHCP-2
Personal History / Circumstances
Domestic violence	PHDV-1 – PHDV-2	Demographics, background characteristics, baseline covariate, or subgrouping variable	Sample description, baseline covariate, and/or subgroup analysis	N/A	Potentially RQ12, RQ13
Experience as a child in the child welfare system	PHCW-1
Experience as a child with substance use in the home	PHSU-1 – PHSU-2
Experience as a child with parental justice system involvement	PHJS-1
Justice system involvement	PHJS-2
Discrimination	PHDS-1 – PHDS-6, PHDS-FU-1 – PHDS-FU-3
Demographic and Background Information
Sex and gender	BKSG-1 – BKSG-3	Demographics, background characteristics, baseline covariate, or subgrouping variable	Sample description, baseline covariate, and/or subgroup analysis	N/A	N/A
Race and ethnicity	BKRE-1 – BKRE-2				RQ12
Place of birth and language	BKL-1 – BKL-3				Potentially RQ12, RQ13
Education level	BKED-B.1				Potentially RQ12, RQ13
Employment status	BKEM-C.1 – BKEM – C.5	Adult well-being (Economic and housing stability)	Pretest measure of outcome	N/A for baseline survey	RQ5, RQ12-16
Contact Information
Main [cell] phone number; Permission to Text; Home phone number; Work phone number; Email address; Address; Alternative address (e.g., PO Box, or for sending incentive); Preferred contact method; Last 4 digits of SSN [or other government identifier]; Friend or Family Contact #1; Friend or Family Contact #2; Friend or Family Contact #3	N/A	Participant tracking for incentive fulfillment and follow-up survey	N/A	N/A	Participant tracking for incentive fulfillment and follow-up survey

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