The Army Safety and Occupational Health Program

Army Regulation 385–10

Safety

The Army
Safety and
Occupational
Health
Program

Headquarters
Department of the Army
Washington, DC
24 July 2023

UNCLASSIFIED

SUMMARY of CHANGE
AR 385– 10
The Army Safety and Occupational Health Program
This major revision, dated 24 July 2023—
o

Changes the proponent from Director of Army Staff to Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations, Energy and
Environment) (title page).

o

Changes the title from “The Army Safety Program” to “The Army Safety and Occupational Health Program”
(cover).

o

Changes official title of additional/collateral duty safety officer to unit safety officer (para 1–8c and throughout).

o

Incorporates a new Army Safety and Occupational Health Management System (para 1– 9).

o

Incorporates six core capability objectives and corresponding elements of the Army Safety and Occupational
Health Management System (para 1–9a through 1–9f).

o

Incorporates Army Directive 2018 – 07 – 2, Prioritizing Efforts–Readiness and Lethality (Update 2), by eliminating
unit safety officer grade requirements (para 1– 10).

o

Modifies unit safety officer requirements (paras 1 – 10 and 1– 11).

o

Eliminates requirement for Travel Risk Planning System (para 1 – 11).

o

Modifies Army Readiness Assessment Program to include midpoint follow up assessment (para 2–24j).

o

Updates Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations, Energy and Environment) and Army command, Army
service component command, and direct reporting unit commander responsibilities (paras 2 – 4, 2 – 25, and 2 – 26).

o

Incorporates Army Directive 2016 – 24, Department of Defense Biological Select Agent and Toxins Biosafety
Program, by updating responsibilities of Headquarters, Department of the Army principal officials (chap 2).

o

Incorporates Army Directive 2018 – 07 – 3, Prioritizing Efforts–Readiness and Lethality (Update 3) by eliminating
the requirement for unit safety officers to maintain motor vehicle mishap reports (chap 3).

o

Eliminates requirement for Accident Avoidance Course training (chap 5).

o

Integrates the risk management process from DA Pam 385 –30 and DA Pam 385 –64 (para 6– 2).

o

Consolidates applicable federal requirements for the industrial operations safety program (chap 10).

o

Expands and clarifies regulation of industrial base safety and occupational health (chap 10).

o

Incorporates Army Directive 2018 – 07– 15, Prioritizing Efforts–Readiness and Lethality (Update 15) by
incorporating Army radiation safety program requirements from DA Pam 385 – 24 and DA Pam 385 – 25, both
hereby superseded (chaps 16 and 17).

o

Modifies co-mingling of radioactive commodities with nonradioactive devices, if needed (para 16–3l(6).)

o

Incorporates Army Directive 2018 – 07– 13, Prioritizing Efforts–Readiness and Lethality (Update 13) by
eliminating the requirement for aviation commanders to establish a written commander’s safety philosophy (chap
18).

o

Incorporates Army Directive 2018 – 07– 13, Prioritizing Efforts–Readiness and Lethality (Update 13) by
eliminating requirement for appointment of a unit foreign object damage prevention officer (chap 18).

o

Incorporates Army Directive 2018 – 07– 15, Prioritizing Efforts–Readiness and Lethality (Update 15) by
eliminating the requirement for monthly safety meetings in aviation units (chap 18).

o

Incorporates Army Directive 2019 – 29, Enabling Readiness and Modernization through Advanced
Manufacturing, by incorporating procedures ensuring readiness and performance benefits are balanced with cost,
program protection, and safety (para 19–2r).

o

Adds requirements for contracts involving infectious agents and toxins (para 20–2e).

o

Adds requirements for explosives safety assistance visits (para 22–7b).

o

Adds new requirements for certain munitions operating facilities to take effect in 2024 (para 22–9g).

o

Incorporates requirements for the Army Electrical Safety Program (chap 23).

o

Adds regulation of fire and emergency services safety (chap 25).

o

Incorporates Army Directive 2018 – 07 – 18, Prioritizing Efforts–Readiness and Lethality (Update 18) by removing
criteria for safety belts and vests during daylight hours, or while conducting physical training on closed roads or
dedicated physical training routes (throughout).

o

Streamlines document to reduce redundancies and eliminate unsubstantiated requirements (throughout).

*Army Regulation 385 –10

Headquarters
Department of the Army
Washington, DC
24 July 2023

Effective 24 August 2023
Safety

The Army Safety and Occupational Health Program
(to include nonappropriated fund employees, wage grade, and foreign nationals),
the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and
Civil Works activities, and tenants and
volunteers in accordance with Section
1588, Title 10, United States Code. During mobilization or national emergency,
this regulation remains in effect.

History. This publication is a major revision. The portions affected by this major
revision are listed in the summary of
change.
Summary. This regulation implements
the requirements of Public Law 83 –703;
Public Law 91 –596; Public Law 93 –438;
Title 10, Code of Federal Regulations; Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations; Part
1960, Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations; Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations; Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations; DoDI 5000.69; DoDI 6055.01;
DoDI 6055.04; DoDI 6055.07; DoDI
6055.08; DoDI 6055.11; and DoDI
6055.15. It provides new policy on Army
safety and occupational health management procedures with special emphasis on
responsibilities and organizational concepts.
Applicability. This regulation applies
to the Regular Army, the Army National
Guard/Army National Guard of the
United States, and the U.S. Army Reserve, unless otherwise stated. It also applies to Department of the Army Civilians

without prior approval from the Assistant
Secretary of the Army (Installations, Energy and Environment), Safety and Occupational Health Director, 110 Army Pentagon, Suite 3D453, Washington, DC
20310– 0110.

Suggested improvements. Users
are invited to send comments and sugProponent and exception authority. gested improvements on DA Form 2028
The proponent of this regulation is the As- (Recommended Changes to Publications
sistant Secretary of the Army (Installa- and Blank Forms) directly to the Assistant
tions, Energy and Environment). The pro- Secretary of the Army (Installations, Enponent has the authority to approve ex- ergy and Environment), Safety and Occuceptions or waivers to this regulation that pational Health Director, 110 Army Penare consistent with controlling law and tagon, Suite 3D453, Washington, DC
regulations. The proponent may delegate 20310– 0110.
this approval authority, in writing, to a diCommittee management. AR 15– 39
vision chief within the proponent agency
requires the proponent to justify establishor its direct reporting unit or field operating/continuing committee(s), coordinate
ing agency, in the grade of colonel or the
draft publications, and coordinate changes
civilian equivalent. Activities may request
in committee status with the U.S. Army
a waiver to this regulation by providing
Special Programs Directorate at email
justification that includes a full analysis of
usarmy.pentagon.hqda-hsa.mbx.committhe expected benefits and must include a
[email protected]. Further, if it
formal review by the activity’s senior leis determined that an established “group”
gal officer. All waiver requests will be enidentified within this regulation later takes
dorsed by the commander or senior leader
on the characteristics of a committee as
of the requesting activity and forwarded
found in AR 15 –39, then the proponent
through their higher headquarters to the
will follow all AR 15 –39 requirements for
policy proponent. Refer to AR 25 – 30 for
establishing and continuing the group as a
specific requirements.
committee.
Army internal control process.
Distribution. This publication is availThis regulation contains internal control
able in electronic media only and intended
provisions in accordance with AR 11 –2
for the Regular Army, the Army National
and identifies key internal controls that
Guard/Army National Guard of the
must be evaluated (see app C).
United States, and the U.S. Army ReSupplementation. Supplementation
serve.
of this regulation and establishment of
command and local forms are prohibited

Contents (Listed by paragraph and page number)
Chapter 1
Army Safety and Occupational Health Program, page 1
Section I
General, page 1
*This regulation supersedes AR 385–10, dated 24 February 2017; DA Pam 385–1, dated 23 May 2013; DA Pam 385–11, dated 25 June 2013; DA
Pam 385–24, dated 30 November 2015; DA Pam 385–25, dated 2 October 2012; DA Pam 385–26, dated 1 February 2013; DA Pam 385–65, dated 1
February 2008; and DA Pam 385–90, dated 28 August 2007. Army Dir 2018–07–13, dated 4 September 2018, and Army Dir 2018–07–15, dated 22
October 2018, are rescinded upon publication of this regulation.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

UNCLASSIFIED

i

Contents—Continued
Purpose • 1 – 1, page 1
References and forms • 1 – 2, page 1
Explanation of abbreviations and terms • 1 –3, page 1
Responsibilities • 1 – 4, page 1
Records management (recordkeeping) requirements • 1 – 5, page 1
Statutory authority • 1 –6, page 1
Introduction • 1 – 7, page 1
Safety and occupational health program specifics • 1 –8, page 3
Army Safety and Occupational Health Management System • 1 – 9, page 3
Army leaders, generally • 1 – 10, page 3
Conflict resolution • 1 –11, page 4
Safety and occupational health strategic planning • 1 –12, page 4
Army safety and occupational health manpower requirements • 1 – 13, page 4
Section II
Safety Committees and Councils, page 4
Joint councils • 1 – 14, page 4
Army Safety Occupational and Environmental Health Senior Executive Council • 1 – 15, page 4
Army Safety Occupational and Environmental Health Board • 1 – 16, page 5
Safety and Occupational Health Advisory Council • 1 –17, page 5
Employee Safety Committee • 1 – 18, page 6
Chapter 2
Responsibilities, page 6
Secretary of the Army • 2 – 1, page 6
Assistant Secretary of the Army (Acquisition, Logistics and Technology) • 2 –2, page 6
Assistant Secretary of the Army (Financial Management and Comptroller) • 2 – 3, page 7
Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations, Energy and Environment) • 2 – 4, page 7
Assistant Secretary of the Army (Manpower and Reserve Affairs) • 2 – 5, page 9
Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Army • 2 – 6, page 10
The Inspector General • 2– 7, page 10
Chief, Public Affairs • 2 – 8, page 10
Deputy Chief of Staff, G – 1 • 2 – 9, page 10
Deputy Chief of Staff, G – 3/5/7 • 2 – 10, page 10
Deputy Chief of Staff, G – 4 • 2 – 11, page 10
Deputy Chief of Staff, G – 9 • 2 – 12, page 11
The Surgeon General • 2 – 13, page 11
The Provost Marshal General • 2 – 14, page 11
Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Command • 2 –15, page 12
Commanding General, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command • 2 – 16, page 12
Commanding General, U.S. Army Materiel Command • 2 –17, page 12
Commanding General, U.S. Army Futures Command • 2– 18, page 14
Commander, U.S. Army Special Operations Command • 2 – 19, page 14
Commanding General, Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command • 2 – 20, page 14
Commanding General, U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command • 2– 21, page 15
Commanding General, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers • 2 – 22, page 15
Commanding General, U.S. Army Medical Command • 2– 23, page 15
Chief, National Guard Bureau and other commanders • 2 – 24, page 16
Commanders of Army service component commands outside the United States • 2 – 25, page 17
Senior commanders of Army installations • 2 – 26, page 17
Commanders with a Department of Defense military munitions mission • 2 – 27, page 18
Commanders of deploying units • 2 – 28, page 18
Installation safety directors • 2– 29, page 18
Commanders of tenant/subordinate units on an installation • 2 – 30, page 18
Unit safety officer • 2 – 31, page 19
Materiel developers, acquisition managers, and equipment, process, and facility designers • 2 – 32, page 19

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

ii

Contents—Continued
Contracting officers and contracting officer representatives • 2 – 33, page 20
Chapter 3
Mishap Investigation, Reporting, and Recordkeeping, page 20
Section I
Defining an Army Mishap, page 20
Introduction • 3 – 1, page 20
Authority • 3– 2, page 20
Army mishaps • 3 –3, page 20
Mishap reporting requirements • 3 – 4, page 21
Events not considered Army mishaps • 3 – 5, page 21
Section II
Categorizing and Classifying Army Mishaps, page 22
Command responsibility for Army mishaps • 3 –6, page 22
Categories of Army mishaps • 3 – 7, page 22
Explosives related mishaps • 3– 8, page 23
Mishap classification • 3 – 9, page 23
Calculating damage costs for initial classification • 3 – 10, page 26
Section III
Notification of Army Mishaps, page 27
Initial notification • 3– 11, page 27
Additional notification requirements • 3 – 12, page 28
Section IV
Mishap Investigations, page 29
Safety Investigation Board convening authority • 3– 13, page 29
Convening authority responsibilities • 3 – 14, page 29
Safety Investigation Board composition • 3 –15, page 30
Support of Army mishap investigations • 3 – 16, page 32
Mishap scene preservation • 3– 17, page 33
Section V
External Investigations and Information Handling, page 33
Actions when criminal activity is suspected • 3 – 18, page 33
Legal investigations of mishaps • 3 – 19, page 33
Access to information from other investigations • 3– 20, page 34
Access to information collected by safety mishap investigation boards • 3 –21, page 34
Privileged safety information, restrictions, and promise of confidentiality • 3 –22, page 34
Release of information from safety mishap investigation reports • 3 – 23, page 35
Section VI
Requirements for Processing and Review of Mishap Reports, page 37
Safety mishap investigation report timeline • 3– 24, page 37
Reviewing and processing mishap reports • 3 – 25, page 37
Amendments or corrections to mishap investigation reports • 3 – 26, page 37
Headquarters, Department of the Army mishap evaluation, review, and action • 3 –27, page 37
Maintaining mishap investigation reports • 3 – 28, page 38
Chapter 4
Safety and Occupational Health Audits, Assessments, and Inspections, page 38
Army-level safety and occupational health audits • 4 – 1, page 38
Safety and occupational health assessments • 4 – 2, page 38
Safety and occupational health inspections • 4 – 3, page 38
Metrics • 4 – 4, page 39

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

iii

Contents—Continued
Abatement plan for corrective actions • 4 – 5, page 39
Occupational Safety and Health Administration inspections • 4 – 6, page 40
Chapter 5
Training and Promotion Requirements, page 40
Section I
Training, page 40
Introduction • 5 – 1, page 40
Required safety and occupational health training • 5 –2, page 41
Commanders • 5 –3, page 41
Safety and occupational health professionals • 5 – 4, page 42
Unit safety officer training • 5 – 5, page 42
Safety and occupational health training for nonsafety and occupational health personnel • 5 – 6, page 42
Specialized training requirements • 5 – 7, page 43
Educational material • 5 – 8, page 43
Section II
Promoting Mishap Prevention, page 43
Introduction • 5 – 9, page 43
Promoting safety awards • 5 –10, page 44
Department of the Army-level awards • 5 – 11, page 44
Safety awards below Department of the Army level • 5 – 12, page 44
Unit safety certification • 5 –13, page 45
Army safety award process • 5– 14, page 45
Department of the Army-level unit awards • 5 –15, page 45
Army command, Army service component command, direct reporting unit, Army National Guard, and organization
level awards • 5 – 16, page 51
Chapter 6
Hazard Analysis and Countermeasures, page 52
General • 6 – 1, page 52
Risk management • 6 –2, page 53
Hazard analysis • 6 – 3, page 56
Facility design review requirements • 6 – 4, page 56
Hierarchy of controls • 6 – 5, page 56
Acquisition of materials, equipment, facilities, and systems • 6 – 6, page 57
Chapter 7
Occupational Health, page 57
Overview • 7 – 1, page 57
Authorities • 7 – 2, page 57
Coordination • 7 – 3, page 57
Chapter 8
General Workplace Safety and Occupational Health, page 57
Introduction • 8 – 1, page 57
Uniquely military equipment, systems, and operations • 8 – 2, page 57
Operational planning • 8 – 3, page 58
Notices of violations • 8 –4, page 58
Written reports of violations • 8 – 5, page 58
Army employee hazard reporting • 8 – 6, page 58
Chapter 9
Army Hazard Communication Program, page 59
Introduction • 9 – 1, page 59
Safety data sheets • 9 – 2, page 59

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

iv

Contents—Continued
Labels • 9 – 3, page 60
Training requirements • 9 – 4, page 60
Chapter 10
Industrial and Base Operations Safety and Occupational Health, page 61
Section I
General, page 61
Introduction • 10 – 1, page 61
Hierarchy of controls • 10 –2, page 61
Acquisition of materials, equipment, facilities, and systems • 10 – 3, page 61
Section II
Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout), page 61
Introduction • 10 – 4, page 61
Lockout/tagout written program • 10 – 5, page 62
Special inspections requirements • 10 – 6, page 62
Training requirements • 10 – 7, page 63
Lockout/tagout devices • 10 – 8, page 63
Section III
Confined Spaces, page 64
Introduction • 10 – 9, page 64
Confined space program • 10 –10, page 64
Comprehensive confined space plan • 10 – 11, page 64
Confined space evaluations • 10 – 12, page 65
Confined space entry training requirements • 10 – 13, page 65
Confined space entry process for permit-required confined spaces • 10 – 14, page 65
Section IV
Fall Protection Program, page 66
Introduction • 10 – 15, page 66
Authority • 10 – 16, page 66
Rescue process • 10 – 17, page 67
Guardrail systems • 10 – 18, page 67
Fall protection systems • 10 – 19, page 67
Conditions where fall protection is used in construction operations • 10 – 20, page 67
Training • 10 – 21, page 67
Chapter 11
Public, Family, Child and Youth, Off-Duty Recreation, and Seasonal Safety, page 68
Introduction • 11 – 1, page 68
Family safety plan • 11 – 2, page 68
Public safety • 11 – 3, page 69
Volunteer safety • 11 – 4, page 69
Seasonal safety and occupational health campaigns • 11– 5, page 69
Recreational boating • 11 – 6, page 69
Installation recreation areas • 11 – 7, page 69
Child, Youth, and School Services Program and facilities • 11 – 8, page 69
Privately-owned weapons • 11 – 9, page 70
Chapter 12
Tactical Operations, page 70
Introduction • 12 – 1, page 70
Risk management • 12– 2, page 70
Safety and occupational health personnel planning • 12 – 3, page 70
Safety and occupational health training • 12 –4, page 71

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

v

Contents—Continued
Hazards in tactical environments • 12 – 5, page 71
Seats out operations on Army aircraft (manned) • 12 –6, page 71
Tactical water safety operations • 12 – 7, page 72
Demobilization/reintegration (force mobilization) • 12 – 8, page 72
Department of the Army Civilian safety and occupational health personnel deployment • 12 – 9, page 73
Chapter 13
Motor Vehicle Mishap Prevention, page 73
Introduction • 13 – 1, page 73
Motor vehicle mishap prevention program requirements • 13– 2, page 73
General motor vehicles safety standards • 13 –3, page 73
Tactical vehicle safety • 13 –4, page 74
Occupant protection • 13 – 5, page 75
Operator fatigue • 13– 6, page 75
Safe movement of personnel • 13 – 7, page 76
Prohibited practices • 13 – 8, page 77
Safety equipment • 13– 9, page 77
Ground guides • 13 – 10, page 77
Vehicles equipped with radio antennas • 13 –11, page 78
Fire prevention • 13– 12, page 78
Carbon monoxide poisoning precautions • 13– 13, page 78
Specialty vehicles • 13 – 14, page 79
Periodic motor vehicle inspection requirement • 13 – 15, page 79
Motorcycle and all-terrain vehicles safety • 13 – 16, page 79
Motorcycle training program • 13 – 17, page 80
Driver education • 13 – 18, page 81
Use of personal protective equipment on installation roadways • 13 – 19, page 82
Chapter 14
Cargo Operations Safety, page 82
General • 14 –1, page 82
Maximizing safety in cargo transport operations • 14– 2, page 82
Rail, port, and escort operations • 14 – 3, page 83
Department of Defense military munitions transport requirement excerpts for continental United States
transport • 14 – 4, page 83
Biological agents and toxins transport requirements for continental United States transport • 14 – 5, page 84
Chapter 15
Maritime Activities, page 84
Introduction • 15 – 1, page 84
Water operations • 15– 2, page 84
Civil work maritime activities • 15 – 3, page 84
Operator qualification • 15 – 4, page 84
Protective equipment • 15– 5, page 84
Inspections • 15 –6, page 84
Pre-mishap or pre-emergency planning • 15 –7, page 85
Investigations • 15 –8, page 85
Chapter 16
Army Radiation Safety and Occupational Health Program—Ionizing Radiation, page 85
Introduction • 16 – 1, page 85
General • 16 –2, page 86
Army Radiation Safety and Occupational Health Program responsibilities • 16 – 3, page 86
Radiation training requirements • 16 – 4, page 91
Nuclear Regulatory Commission licenses • 16 – 5, page 92
Army radiation authorizations • 16 – 6, page 93

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

vi

Contents—Continued
Nuclear Regulatory Commission generally licensed material requirements • 16 – 7, page 94
Nuclear Regulatory Commission licensed exempt quantities of radioactive material requirements • 16 – 8, page 94
Army radiation permits • 16 –9, page 95
Radiation safety and occupational health standards • 16– 10, page 96
Army personnel ionizing radiation exposure standards and dose limits • 16 – 11, page 98
Guidance to declared pregnant women • 16 – 12, page 100
Control measures • 16 –13, page 100
Restricted area designations • 16 – 14, page 101
Radioactive contamination limits • 16 – 15, page 101
Ionizing radiation mishaps reporting requirements • 16 – 16, page 103
Radiation mishap report format • 16 – 17, page 105
Nuclear weapon and reactor mishaps • 16 – 18, page 105
Dosimetry reporting • 16 – 19, page 106
Dosimetry as low as reasonably achievable investigational levels • 16 – 20, page 106
Dosimetry as low as reasonably achievable investigational dose reporting • 16– 21, page 108
Dosimetry as low as reasonably achievable investigations • 16 – 22, page 109
Dosimetry actions for potential overexposures above the annual limits • 16 – 23, page 110
Army radiation safety and occupational health recordkeeping • 16 –24, page 111
Shipping, receiving, transferring, and transport • 16– 25, page 111
Foreign country and captured radioactive material • 16 – 26, page 111
Range maintenance and radioactive materials • 16 – 27, page 112
Handling and disposal of unwanted radioactive material • 16– 28, page 112
Army Radiation Safety and Occupational Health Program deviations • 16 – 29, page 112
Chapter 17
Army Radiation Safety and Occupational Health Program—Nonionizing Radiation (Lasers, High
Intensity Optical Sources, and Electromagnetic Field Emitters), page 113
Introduction • 17 – 1, page 113
Nonionizing Radiation Safety and Occupational Health Program regulations and compliance • 17 – 2, page 113
Nonionizing Radiation Safety and Occupational Health Program implementation • 17– 3, page 114
Nonionizing Radiation Safety and Occupational Health Program training requirements • 17– 4, page 117
Program audits, inspections, or reviews • 17 –5, page 120
Range audits, inspections, or reviews • 17 – 6, page 120
Nonionizing radiation hazard evaluation • 17 – 7, page 120
Nonionizing radiation related mishap • 17 –8, page 121
Using the Department of Defense military laser exemption • 17 – 9, page 122
Exempt laser inventory requirements • 17 – 10, page 123
Exempt laser and electromagnetic field emitters disposal, turn in, or resale • 17 –11, page 124
Chapter 18
Aviation Safety Program, page 124
Introduction • 18 – 1, page 124
Commanders • 18– 2, page 124
Operations officers • 18 – 3, page 124
Aviation safety officer • 18– 4, page 125
Aviation safety noncommissioned officer • 18 – 5, page 125
Aviation maintenance officer • 18 – 6, page 126
Flight surgeon • 18 – 7, page 126
Unit instructor pilot or standardization officer • 18– 8, page 126
Aviation life support equipment officer/noncommissioned officer/technician • 18 – 9, page 126
Chapter 19
Life-Cycle System Safety, page 126
Introduction • 19 – 1, page 126
Precepts of life-cycle system safety • 19– 2, page 127
Program-level responsibilities • 19 – 3, page 129

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

vii

Contents—Continued
Chapter 20
Infectious Agents and Toxins, page 130
Introduction • 20 – 1, page 130
General • 20 –2, page 131
Biological safety programs • 20 – 3, page 131
Biosafety manuals • 20 – 4, page 132
Mishap risk management • 20– 5, page 132
Recombinant or synthetic nucleic acid molecules • 20– 6, page 132
Biosafety officer • 20 – 7, page 133
Biosafety program manager • 20 – 8, page 133
Unit biological safety officer • 20 – 9, page 133
Biological mishap notification, investigation, and reporting • 20 – 10, page 133
Presumptive biological select agent and toxins samples • 20– 11, page 133
Class G biological mishap notification and reporting procedures • 20 – 12, page 134
Monitoring and Inspections • 20 – 13, page 134
Reviewing biological facilities • 20 – 14, page 135
Facility preoperational surveys • 20 – 15, page 135
Biological program safety studies and reviews • 20– 16, page 136
Personnel qualifications and training • 20 – 17, page 136
Containment • 20– 18, page 137
Maintenance controls • 20 –19, page 137
Transporting infectious agents and toxins • 20 –20, page 138
Inactivation of Bacillus anthracis • 20 – 21, page 138
Disposal controls • 20 – 22, page 138
Biological warfare materiel and biological agent contaminated materiel response, characterization, and remediation
activities • 20 – 23, page 138
Occupational health program • 20 – 24, page 139
Chapter 21
Chemical Agent and Non-Traditional Agent Safety Management, page 140
Applicability • 21 –1, page 140
Chemical agent operations • 21 – 2, page 140
Chemical agent program management • 21 – 3, page 140
Army mishap class H chemical agent mishap • 21 – 4, page 141
Evaluation of alternate personal protective clothing and equipment • 21 – 5, page 141
Training • 21 – 6, page 141
Chemical agent monitoring • 21 – 7, page 141
Inspections and preoperational surveys • 21– 8, page 142
Non-traditional agent safety • 21 – 9, page 142
Chapter 22
Explosives Safety Management, page 142
Introduction • 22 – 1, page 142
Explosives safety management • 22 – 2, page 143
Explosives Safety Management Program leadership and support responsibilities • 22 – 3, page 143
Explosives Safety Management Program requirements • 22– 4, page 144
Explosives safety mishap reporting • 22– 5, page 145
Worldwide Department of Defense Military Munitions Logistics/Explosives Safety Review and Technical Assistance Program • 22 –6, page 146
Explosives safety assistance visits • 22 – 7, page 146
Explosives safety training • 22– 8, page 146
Quantity distance safety submissions (explosives site plans and chemical agent site plans) • 22 – 9, page 147
Explosives licensing policy • 22 – 10, page 148
Deviation from explosives safety criteria • 22 –11, page 148
Hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance (ammunition and explosives or Department of Defense military
munitions) • 22 – 12, page 149

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

viii

Contents—Continued
Explosives safety and munitions risk management for Joint operations planning, training, and execution • 22 –13, page 150
Process safety management • 22 – 14, page 150
Improvised explosives and homemade explosives • 22 – 15, page 151
Munitions shipments requiring satellite motor surveillance service • 22– 16, page 152
Chapter 23
Army Electrical Safety Program, page 152
Introduction • 23 – 1, page 152
Authority • 23 – 2, page 152
Technical assistance • 23 – 3, page 152
General electrical safety program requirements • 23 –4, page 153
General electrical safety requirements • 23 – 5, page 154
Electrical safety in Army facilities installation and infrastructure • 23 –6, page 155
Power line safety • 23 –7, page 156
Batteries and battery banks • 23 – 8, page 156
Electrical safety in tactical operations • 23 – 9, page 156
Electrical safety in contingency operations • 23 –10, page 157
Chapter 24
Emergency Planning, page 158
Introduction • 24 – 1, page 158
Functions • 24 –2, page 158
Elements of emergency planning • 24– 3, page 159
Coordination • 24 – 4, page 160
Chapter 25
Fire and Emergency Services, page 161
General • 25 –1, page 161
Deployed Fire and Emergency Services • 25 – 2, page 161
Chapter 26
Contract Safety, page 162
Requirements for contract safety • 26 – 1, page 162
Army oversight and inspections of contractor operations • 26 – 2, page 162
Appendixes
A. References, page 164
B. Determining Whether a Radiation Safety Program is Required, page 181
C. Internal Control Evaluation, page 183
Table List
Table 1 – 1: Army safety and occupational health functional areas, page 2
Table 3 – 1: Unique mishap notifications, page 28
Table 3 – 2: Board composition, page 31
Table 6 – 1: Risk management probability categories, page 54
Table 6 – 2: Risk management severity categories, page 55
Table 6 – 3: Standardized Army risk matrix for probability (expected frequency), page 55
Table 6 – 4: Risk matrix codes and descriptions, page 55
Table 16 –1: Electromagnetic radiation, page 97
Table 16 –2: Army personnel ionizing radiation exposure standards, page 98
Table 16 –3: Screening levels for clearance, page 101
Table 16 –4: Acceptable surface contamination levels, page 102

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

ix

Contents—Continued
Table 16 –5: U.S. Army Materiel Command Nuclear Regulatory Commission commodity license radiation safety
officers, page 104
Table 16 –6: Nuclear Regulatory Commission as low as reasonably achievable investigational levels (mSv
(mrem)), page 107
Table 16 –7: Occupational Safety and Health Administration as low as reasonably achievable investigational levels
(mSv (mrem)), page 107
Table 16 –8: Army investigation dose reporting summary, page 108
Figure List
Figure 3 – 1: Mishap classification, page 25
Figure 3 – 2: Mishap damage cost, page 27
Figure 6 – 1: Five-step cycle of risk management, page 54
Figure 17 –1: Department of Defense military exemption label, page 123
Glossary

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

x

Chapter 1
Army Safety and Occupational Health Program
Section I
General
1–1. Purpose
This regulation prescribes the Army Safety and Occupational Health Program (ASOHP), which establishes policies,
responsibilities, and procedures to safeguard and preserve Army resources worldwide against accidental loss. It establishes risk management (RM) as the Army’s principal risk reduction methodology. It provides public safety policy
incidental to Army operations and activities and ensures regulatory and statutory compliance. A violation of any of
these paragraphs is separately punishable as a violation of a lawful general regulation under Article 92, Uniform Code
of Military Justice (UCMJ, Art. 92). Penalties for violating any of these paragraphs include the full range of statutory
and regulatory sanctions, both criminal and administrative.
1–2. References and forms
See appendix A.
1–3. Explanation of abbreviations and terms
See the glossary.
1–4. Responsibilities
Responsibilities are listed in chapter 2 and throughout this regulation.
1–5. Records management (recordkeeping) requirements
The records management requirement for all record numbers, associated forms, and reports required by this publication are addressed in the Records Retention Schedule–Army (RRS– A). Detailed information for all related record
numbers, forms, and reports are located in Army Records Information Management System (ARIMS)/RRS – A at
https://www.arims.army.mil. If any record numbers, forms, and reports are not current, addressed, and/or published
correctly in ARIMS/RRS – A, see DA Pam 25 – 403 for guidance.
1–6. Statutory authority
The following statutory authority governs the ASOHP:
a. Public Law (PL) 91 –596, known as the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, as amended.
b. Executive Order (EO) 12196.
c. PL 83 –703, known as The Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended.
d. PL 93– 438, known as The Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, as amended.
1–7. Introduction
a. The ASOHP consists of 14 functional areas structured for mishap prevention in Army operations. It provides
for public safety incidental to Army operations and activities. The ASOHP functional areas are necessary for sustaining operations of the U.S. Army whether at an installation, during contingency operations, or in wartime conditions
(see table 1 – 1). Each organization’s strategic goals and objectives should be aligned to execute the ASOHP in the
most effective manner possible (see DA Pam 385 – 10).
b. Commanders of Army commands (ACOMs), Army service component commands (ASCCs), and direct reporting units (DRUs) will make every effort to align the execution of strategic safety and occupational health (SOH) goals
and objectives to an Army establishment hierarchy to ensure continuity of reporting annual ASOHP metrics and mishap reporting requirements. In regard to SOH program management, an Army establishment is defined as an ACOM
where a mission or service is conducted or where operations are performed under one management system. Distinctly
separate activities performed under the authority of a single commander/director will be treated as one establishment.
ACOMs, ASCCs, and DRUs, through brigade headquarters (or equivalent), will be considered independent establishments. Brigade headquarters will be treated as follows:

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

1

(1) Brigades will be considered distinctly separate establishments when the commands represent distinctly separate
missions and management processes and no one industry description code in the North American Industry Classification System applies to the joint activities of the command.
(2) Two or more brigades at separate physical locations may be combined under one establishment when operations
conducted at the separate locations are controlled by a single commander/director under one management system.
(3) Establishments with an annual average of 10 or less civilian personnel will report under their parent activity
regardless of physical location.
(4) The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) will consider USACE headquarters, divisions, and districts as
separate establishments. Area offices, resident offices, temporary project sites, civil works sites, recreational areas and
other personnel work locations will be represented under their parent district establishment.
(5) The U.S. Army Materiel Command (AMC) will consider organic industrial base depots, plants, arsenals as well
as installation garrisons as separate establishments.
c. Army officials will provide personnel at all levels safe and healthful working conditions, ensure safe work practices, and provide SOH information, education, and training that will enable personnel to effectively use RM on and
off duty. A successful ASOHP depends upon all parties fulfilling their responsibilities. This requires effective leadership engagement at every level, and the active participation of Soldiers and Department of the Army (DA) Civilians.
The ASOHP applies to Army contractor personnel and contractor operations only as specified in specific contract
provisions. As a point of information to Army personnel, the contractor is directly responsible for complying with
federal and state occupational safety and health standards for its employees.
d. The words “will” and “must” are used to state mandatory requirements in this regulation. Deviation from these
provisions requires completion of DA Form 7632 (Deviation Approval and Risk Acceptance Document (DARAD))
and risk acceptance at the appropriate level in accordance with chapter 6 of this regulation and the mandatory procedures contained in DA Pam 385 – 64.
e. The word “should” in this regulation, DA Pam 385 – 10, DA Pam 385 – 16, DA Pam 385 – 40, DA Pam 385 – 61,
DA Pam 385 –63, DA Pam 385 – 64, DA Pam 385 – 69, indicates a recommended or preferred method of accomplishment. Deviation from these provisions requires written authorization from the local commander/senior manager or
written designee.
f. The word “may” indicates an acceptable or suggested means of accomplishment.
g. Unless otherwise specified, the publications cited in this regulation refer to the latest edition.
Table 1–1
Army safety and occupational health functional areas —Continued
1

Workplace/Operations
Workplace safety
Hazard communication (HAZCOM) program
Industrial operations (lockout/tagout, confined space, fall protection)
Emergency planning and response
Industrial hygiene/occupational health (OH) (U.S. Army Medical Command (MEDCOM) program)

2

Community, Off-Duty Recreation, and Seasonal Safety

3

Tactical (Contingency) Operations

Public, family, child, and youth safety

Tactical safety
Force mobilization
4

Transportation Safety
Motor vehicle mishap prevention
Maritime activities
Safe cargo operations

5

Radiation Safety (Ionizing/Nonionizing)

6

Aviation Safety Management

7

System Safety

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

2

Table 1–1
Army safety and occupational health functional areas —Continued
System safety management
Facilities system safety (FASS) program management
8

Biological Safety (Infectious Agents and Toxins (IAT))

9

Chemical Agent Safety Management

10

Ammunition and Explosives (AE) Safety

11

Range Safety Operations

12

Electrical Safety

13

Fire and Emergency Services (F&ES) Safety

14

Contract Safety

1– 8. Safety and occupational health program specifics
The SOH program is a commander’s responsibility at every echelon. Commanders with sufficient authority and responsibility to plan and manage the SOH program will designate in writing a qualified SOH manager/director. The
safety manager/director is encouraged to be a member of the commander’s personal staff and reports directly to the
commander. The SOH managers/directors and staff will meet Office of Personnel Management standards for the positions of SOH functional community (FC) professionals. Commanders will assure funding is available for SOH staff,
equipment, materials, and training required to implement an effective SOH program. Commanders will—
a. Determine the composition of the SOH staff according to their mission requirements.
b. Establish SOH staff at brigade/garrison level and above to serve as the organization SOH advisors and program
administrators.
c. Designate unit safety officers (USOs) at organizations below brigade/garrison to company level unless a fulltime safety officer is assigned. USO will—
(1) Be appointed by the commander on written orders.
(2) Have met or will meet the requirements of 29 CFR 1960.58.
(3) Have met or will meet the training requirements of paragraph 5 – 5.
(4) Have a year or more retainability in the unit upon duty appointment.
(5) Report directly to their unit commander on safety-related matters.
d. Designate a unit radiation safety officer (RSO) per chapter 16.
1–9. Army Safety and Occupational Health Management System
The Army Safety and Occupational Health Management System (ASOHMS) provides the plans and procedures used
to evaluate the ASOHP effectiveness at every operational level. It serves as the framework to guide individual
ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and the Army National Guard (ARNG) SOH management systems. The ASOHMS is six
core interrelated/interacting SOH management capability objectives and corresponding elements performing as one
coherent system to synchronize, coordinate, collaborate, and improve how SOH is implemented into Army operations.
Mandatory ASOHMS procedures are contained in DA Pam 385 – 10. The six core capability objectives and corresponding elements for the ASOHMS are:
a. Leadership engagement and personnel/Soldier participation (program management).
b. Training and promotion.
c. Inspections/assessments.
d. Mishap, incident, and illness reporting and investigation.
e. Hazard analysis and countermeasures.
f. Health protection and readiness.
1–10. Army leaders, generally
Commanders, leaders, and supervisors ultimately have the responsibility to identify, mitigate, and assume risk, including risks not specifically outlined in this program. Army leaders will—
a. Integrate the RM process into Army operations to prevent mishaps, occupational injuries, and illnesses.
b. Protect Army personnel, property, and equipment, and reduce costs of occupational injuries, illness, and accidental loss to improve readiness.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

3

c. Require new and modernized Army systems and facilities to meet applicable SOH standards throughout their
lifecycle.
d. Implement the standards promulgated by statutory authorities listed in appendix A to protect personnel, equipment, and property from accidental injuries and losses.
e. Provide a mechanism for employees to report unsafe or unhealthful workplace hazards or conditions and ensure
that no employee is subject to restraint, interference, coercion, discrimination, or reprisal for exercising his or her
rights for doing so.
f. Eliminate or mitigate hazards and deficiencies in accordance with regulatory requirements and/or proponent
guidance.
1–11. Conflict resolution
The U.S. Army will comply with federal standards or host nation (HN) requirements in DoD operations and workplaces. The only exception to this is when DoD operations are military-unique. Conflict resolution will be adjudicated
at the lowest possible level.
a. When requirements in this regulation and supporting pamphlets conflict with statutory and/or regulatory requirement, the more stringent requirement(s) will apply.
b. Army personnel will coordinate and collaborate with other Services and federal agencies to develop mutual
standards, procedures, and processes to eliminate conflict during Joint operations or when occupying Joint facilities.
1–12. Safety and occupational health strategic planning
Commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, U.S. Army Reserve Command (USARC), and the Chief, National Guard
Bureau (CNGB) will develop an SOH strategic plan in accordance with mandatory procedures in DA Pam 385 – 10
and annually update strategic planning to integrate Army-level guidance in preparation for the coming fiscal year (FY)
and focus on specific operational risks.
1–13. Army safety and occupational health manpower requirements
Sufficient SOH personnel will be identified for all levels and administrative costs provided to implement the ASOHP
in accordance with 29 CFR 1960 and DoDI 6055.01.
a. Institutional Army. The Army SOH model is used to establish manpower requirements for Army safety offices
that support the institutional Army. It provides standardization and uses mandated safety functions, tasks, and subtasks
in determining requirements. It is validated by the U.S. Army Manpower Analysis Agency and approved by the Deputy Chief of Staff (DCS), G – 3/5/7.
b. Operational Army. The Headquarters, Department of the Army (HQDA) augmentation table of distribution and
allowance (TDA) implementation prescribes requirements for SOH positions that support the operating force throughout the Army. This includes Army corps, division, and brigade SOH requirements.
c. Other. All other SOH requirements are established by a concept plan.
Section II
Safety Committees and Councils
All safety committees, councils, and boards will be established in accordance with 29 CFR 1960, DoDI 6055.01, and
AR 15 –39.
1–14. Joint councils
Joint councils will be established, as required, to coordinate SOH activities and functions between the Services. The
offices of the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations, Energy and Environment) (ASA (IE&E)) and the Director
of Army Safety (DASAF) lead in establishing Joint councils with other Services and DA Civilian agencies and selecting representatives to participate in the councils.
1–15. Army Safety Occupational and Environmental Health Senior Executive Council
The Safety Occupational and Environmental Health (SO&EH) Senior Executive Council (SEC) is the Senior General
Officer Steering Committee comprised of O – 8 through O – 10 general officer or senior executive service (SES) Army
commanders and directors that provide the Secretary of the Army (SECARMY), Chief of Staff of the Army (CSA),
the designated agency safety and health official (DASHO), and HQDA principal officials a single intra-Army committee to facilitate oversight of Army SOH matters. The SO&EH SEC provides the SECARMY, CSA, DASHO, and
HQDA principal officials a single interagency committee to continually review actions across the U.S. Army to ensure

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

4

a constant focus on mishap losses to facilities, equipment, personnel, and the impact on readiness. The SO&EH SEC
will meet annually, or at the direction of the co-chairs. The SOH SEC reports to and takes direction from the Vice
Chief of Staff of the Army (VCSA) and the ASA (IE&E).
1–16. Army Safety Occupational and Environmental Health Board
a. The SO&EH Board is comprised of designated O –7/O– 8/SES representatives of the SEC. The SO&EH Board
receives direction from and reports directly to the SO&EH SEC and reviews and approves matters for presentation to
the SEC. The SO&EH Board may direct action using its own inherent authority of the members, coordinate action
through official HQDA taskings, or establish and charter ad hoc working groups, councils, or boards. The SO&EH
Board is co-chaired by the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army (Environment, Safety, and Occupational Health),
Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army (Civilian Personnel)/Director, Civilian Senior Leader Management Office,
DASAF, and general officer/SES representative of the Office of The Surgeon General (OTSG). The SO&EH Board
will meet semiannually or at the direction of the co-chairs.
b. There are no permanent or standing working groups, councils, or boards as part of the SO&EH SEC. However,
when an ad hoc working group/council/board is established, the SO&EH Board members will name a chairperson and
allocate organizational resources necessary to accomplish the defined tasks. Working groups will provide periodic
updates to the SO&EH Board through the executive secretary. Ad hoc working groups/councils/boards will terminate
after successful completion of assigned tasks unless specifically directed by the SO&EH Board to continue with additional tasks.
1–17. Safety and Occupational Health Advisory Council
a. Brigade, brigade equivalent, and above commands identified as an Army establishment will establish a Safety
and Occupational Health Advisory Council (SOHAC). An annual safety plan will be developed and approved by the
commander. The safety plan objectives will be reviewed during the SOHAC.
(1) Meetings will be conducted at least semiannually, but may be more frequent as directed by the council chair.
(2) Each council will develop its own rules and operations.
(3) Commanders with responsibility to establish a SOHAC may elect to have subordinate units participate in the
SOHAC.
b. The commander will chair the safety council. Members will include military and civilian personnel representing
key organizational elements as well as civilian SOH managers or uniformed safety officer, environmental compliance,
industrial hygiene and OH professionals.
(1) The installation SOHAC will be chaired by the senior commander and include garrison commanders, major
subordinate commanders, and all heads of tenant organizations located on the installation. The annual safety plan will
be established and approved by the senior commander.
(2) Other command and unit membership will include representatives from maintenance; medical; training; personnel; morale, welfare, and recreation; provost marshal; a representative of civilian employees; the senior noncommissioned officer (NCO); representatives from each staff section; and any other representatives of stakeholders in the
commander’s safety program.
c. The annual safety plan objectives will be a part of the SOHACs metric data and may include a review of the
following items:
(1) ASOHMS implementation status.
(2) Review of personnel required to hold installation FC or equivalent certification.
(3) A summary and completion status of personnel who are required to receive occupational and environmental
medical exams for occupational exposures.
(4) Review of workplace safety hazard tracking log and line item completion status.
(5) Review of required command safety assessments and inspections completion status.
(6) Summary of the following mishap data.
(a) Class A through C Soldier and civilian mishaps with associated total cost of property damage.
(b) OSHA 300 Form (Log of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses) recordable events (excluding personally identifiable information and protected health information of personnel).
(c) Civilian total case incidence rate and days away, restricted, or transfer rate in accordance with Occupational
Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) incidence rate formulas.
(d) Current FY DA Civilian worker’s compensation costs.
(e) Percent mandated installation safety services completed.
(f) Review of the installation hazard abatement tracking log completion status for all facility-related hazards associated with risk assessment code (RAC) 1, 2, or 3.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

5

(g) Percent Commander’s Annual Safety Plan completed.
(h) Percent workplace inspections completed.
(i) Percent accidents investigated.
(j) Percent employees trained.
d. The SOH proponent for the chair of the SOHAC will assure the preparation, publication, and maintenance of
the minutes and that minutes will be—
(1) Prepared and signed by the council chair within 60 days following each council meeting.
(2) Made available to the participants of the council and all stakeholders in the commander’s safety program.
(3) Retained for a minimum of 5 years from the date of the council meeting.
1–18. Employee Safety Committee
Commanders/directors of battalions, companies, and separate detachments will establish an Employee Safety Committee in accordance with 29 CFR 1960 Subpart F.
a. The committee will be representative of the workforce within the organization. The number of committee members will be based on the size, safety needs, and diversity of the operations performed by the organization.
b. Committee members will receive appropriate training to perform duties and may be assigned responsibilities for
operational safety matters. The safety committee members will—
(1) Review safety suggestions.
(2) Review mishap reports and recommend corrective measures to prevent recurrence.
(3) Review suspected unsafe or unhealthful working conditions and corrective measures.
(4) Promote safety education within the organization.
(5) Conduct periodic self-assessments in their areas of responsibility and coordinate with the organization’s safety
office.

Chapter 2
Responsibilities
2–1. Secretary of the Army
The SECARMY will—
a. Establish programs that implement the requirements and procedures of the DoD SOH Program as delineated in
DoDI 6055.01.
b. Appoint a DASHO to carry out responsibilities as defined in 29 CFR 1960 and EO 12196.
c. Serve as the DoD Executive Agent Responsible Official (EARO) for emergency response to transportation mishaps involving DoD military munitions (also referred to as AE) in accordance with DoDD 6055.09E.
d. Serve as EARO for the DoD Biological Select Agents and Toxins (BSAT) Biosafety Program as designated in
DoDI 5210.88, with responsibility for the technical review, inspection, and harmonization of biosafety protocols and
procedures across DoD laboratories that handle BSAT and tasking authority of all DoD components for this purpose.
2–2. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Acquisition, Logistics and Technology)
a. The ASA (ALT) will—
(1) Ensure program executive officers (PEOs) and program managers (PMs) implement system safety programs
throughout the acquisition lifecycle in accordance with the most current version of MIL –STD– 882E and mandatory
procedures in DA Pam 385 – 16.
(2) Ensure that PEOs, PMs, product managers, and project managers serve as safety officers with responsibility
for the proper planning and execution of system safety requirements in this regulation, DoDI 5000.02, DoDI 5000.81,
DoDI 5000.82, DoDI 5000.83, DoDI 5000.85, DoDI 5000.88, DoDI 5000.89, and DoDI 5000.90.
(3) Ensure contracts associated with DoD military munitions (also referred to as AE) contain the explosives safety
clauses required by FAR 48.223.370, to include clearly defined roles and responsibilities required by the contractor
in the statement of work.
(4) Require contracting officer representatives (CORs) to complete training for explosives safety in contract operations.
(5) Require prime contractors of government-owned, contractor-operated (GOCO) operations to comply with contractual oversight requirements of the Armament Retooling and Manufacturing Support (ARMS) Program and other
tenants to include the development and maintenance of explosives safety site plans (ESSPs).
b. The ASA (ALT) will, through the Joint Program Executive Office Armaments and Ammunition—

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

6

(1) Evaluate nonstandard ammunition requested for use from ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and ARNG based on existing information from other Services, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), federal or state agencies, or
upon the results of independent testing.
(2) Ensure health hazard assessments (HHAs), surface danger zones, and system safety risk assessments (SSRAs)
are obtained prior to authorizing nonstandard AE for Army use.
c. The ASA (ALT) will, through the Program Executive Office, Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives, under
the U.S. Army Acquisition Support Center, conduct preoperational surveys and operational readiness reviews prior to
the test and operation.
2–3. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Financial Management and Comptroller)
The ASA (FM&C) will ensure planning, programming, budgeting, and execution of sufficient resources to staff and
effectively implement the ASOHP as required by Section 7902, Title 5, United States Code (5 USC 7902) and 29
USC Chapter 15.
2–4. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations, Energy and Environment)
a. The ASA (IE&E) will—
(1) Serve as the Army’s DASHO in accordance with Section 6, Part 1960, Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations
(29 CFR 1960.6) and Department of the Army General Orders 2020 – 01, and represent the SECARMY in the management and administration of the ASOHP.
(2) Develop and oversee ASOHP policies and provide strategic planning, direction, and advocacy for ASOHP by
setting strategic goals, objectives, and metrics.
(3) Ensure that safety and health officials are designated at each appropriate level with sufficient authority and
funds in accordance with DoDI 6055.01.
(4) Provide oversight of Armywide SOH.
(5) Through the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army (Environment, Safety, and Occupational Health), serve
as the functional advisor (FA) for SOH management of installation career field.
(6) Provide oversight of the environmental, safety, and OH aspects of the Chemical Demilitarization Program,
treaty compliance review, and chemical stockpile emergency preparedness.
(7) Develop policies and procedures for nonacquisition guidance of the Chemical Demilitarization Program.
(8) Provide policy, direction, and oversight to ensure the planning, construction, operation and maintenance, and
renovation of facilities using the FASS engineering and management program to optimize safety and health throughout
the lifecycle. The DCS, G – 9 in coordination with the Commanding General (CG), USACE executes this function.
(9) Synchronize SOH direction and initiatives across the Army and with the Secretary of Defense.
(10) Act on the SECARMY’s behalf as EARO with the responsibilities, functions, and authorities specified in
DoDD 6055.09E for emergency response to transportation mishaps involving DoD military munitions. Coordinate,
after an initial emergency response, required responses to transportation incidents or mishaps involving DoD military
munitions (for example, mechanical breakdowns that may require reloading, transloading, securing, or storing the
DoD military munitions).
(11) Appoint, in consultation with the DASAF and the CG, AMC, an Executive Director of Explosives Safety
(EDES). Assist the EDES with Army Explosives Safety Management Program (ESMP) responsibilities per this regulation.
(12) As appropriate, approve all requests to deviate from DoD and Army explosives safety standards for construction of new potential explosive site or exposed site (ES) when such construction is properly supported by a Secretarial
Certification (SecCert).
(13) In accordance with DoDI 6055.01, report, by an annual in-progress review, the status of the ASOHP to the
Assistant Secretary of Defense for Energy, Installations, and Environment.
(14) In accordance with DoDI 6055.01, provide copies of comments on proposed SOH legislation and regulations
to the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Energy, Installations, and Environment.
(15) In accordance with DoDI 6055.01, report to the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (DUSD) (Environmental
Security) any situation resulting from compliance with procedures in this regulation that could impair the defense
mission or adversely affect national security.
(16) In accordance with to 29 CFR 1960, compile and provide to the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) the annual
SOH report from the DASHO.
(17) Exercise program oversight as the DoD lead agent for Low-Level Radioactive Waste Program per DoDI
4715.27.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

7

b. The ASA(IE&E) is the proponent for all Army safety publications and is authorized to approve exceptions and
waivers to all Army safety publications that are consistent with controlling law and regulations.
c. The ASA(IE&E), through the DASAF, will—
(1) Monitor performance of the ASOHP and provide oversight to ensure ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and ARNG
compliance with law, policy, and guidance. Disseminate policy, guidance, and procedures for the ASOHP.
(2) Provide accurate, timely advice and support to the SECARMY, Assistant Secretaries of the Army, CSA, VCSA,
Director of Army Staff, Army Staff (ARSTAF), and commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and subordinate commands.
(3) Effectively represent the Army on SOH matters by coordinating, integrating, and synchronizing with the Army,
Secretariat, Joint Staff, DoD, and other federal agencies.
(4) Serve as the Executive Secretary for the SO&EH SEC and SO&EH Board, and designated working groups as
applicable.
(5) Implement policies and procedures in accordance with applicable federal and DoD standards.
(6) Provide direction and tasking to the Director, U.S. Army Technical Center for Explosives Safety (USATCES)
on explosives and chemical agent safety matters.
(7) Serve as proponent for specialized safety training courses for the Army.
(8) Ensure implementation of procedures for mishap investigation, reporting, and recording Armywide.
(9) Develop, establish, and update the Army Safety Manning Model and participate in TDA reviews in support of
determining appropriate funding for an effective ASOHP.
(10) Conduct preoperational surveys of selected chemical agent and biological operations and all biosafety levels
(BSLs), animal biosafety levels (ABSLs), and arthropod containment level (ACL)–3 and BSL – 4 facilities.
(11) Monitor compliance of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) licenses and Army radiation authorizations (ARAs).
(12) Coordinate and synchronize BSAT and IAT biosafety policy, standards, and program management with
MEDCOM.
(13) Coordinate with The Surgeon General (TSG) on OH issues.
(14) Serve as HQDA focal point for integration and coordination of explosives safety activities and approve actions
that establish an Army explosives safety position.
(15) Develop Army safety publications to include regulations and pamphlets.
d. The ASA(IE&E), through the CG, U.S. Army Combat Readiness Center (USACRC) will—
(1) Conduct centralized investigations of selected Army mishaps and hazardous conditions and present the results
to Army leadership.
(2) Advocate for cultural changes and assist in the integration of RM Armywide to include support in developing
policy and doctrine.
(3) Maintain the Army Safety Management Information System (ASMIS).
(4) Interact with other military Services; federal, state, and local agencies; and industry to identify and publish best
practices and loss prevention strategies.
(5) Research and analyze Army loss data, areas of concern, causal factors, and system defects to identify and recommend countermeasures.
(6) Manage an Armywide multimedia loss prevention communications program.
(7) Assist the FA, Army SOH management installation career field, in administering the program and providing
centralized training of DA safety interns.
(8) Administer a program to provide SOH training and education that meets the Army’s needs.
(9) Assist commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, and DRUs and the CNGB in maintaining their SOH programs.
(10) Track DAand DoD-level recommendations from mishap investigations.
(11) Obtain support from a system safety engineer for mishap investigation when a mishap occurs involving an
Army system or facility (to include causal analysis) and development of corrective actions.
(12) Conduct an independent safety assessment (ISA) of Army system safety risks when a system safety issue is
identified by an Army stakeholder that affects any Army acquisition program, subject to approval by the DASAF.
When requested for an Army System Acquisition Review Council (ASARC) or other milestone decision, provide the
ISA directly to the milestone decision authority (MDA).
(13) Manage and resource required Army Traffic Safety Training Program (ATSTP) elements at designated locations in accordance with ATSTP contract requirements.
e. The ASA(IE&E), through the DASAF, ensures that the Director, USATCES, will execute technical aspects of
the Army ESMP for the DASAF, including:

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

8

(1) Assign hazard classification or interim hazard classification to DoD military munitions and ensure proper coordination with the Office of the Secretary of Defense and the other military Services.
(2) Provide final Army review and approval of Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board (DDESB) required
explosives safety submission (RESS) and construction plans being submitted for approval on behalf of the Office of
the Director of Army Safety (ODASAF) to the DDESB.
(3) In coordination with the ODASAF, continually assess and identify explosives and chemical agent safety training requirements for the Army and for other Services according to the Single Manager for Conventional Ammunition
(SMCA)’s charter.
(4) Provide explosives and chemical agent safety training to support Army safety installations FC requirements
(with the exception of the Chemical Demilitarization Program) through the U.S. Army Defense Ammunition Center.
(5) Provide technical assistance and centralized management of deviations from DoD and Army explosives safety
criteria and DA Form 7632 (known as DARADs).
(6) Provide technical support to the ARSTAF for budgetary planning on matters affecting explosives safety.
(7) Provide explosives safety and chemical agent safety technical information and assistance to HQDA components, ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, field operating agencies, and installations in support of Armywide operations.
(8) Establish and maintain an explosives safety technical database and a comprehensive explosives safety technical
library.
(9) Maintain and execute the U.S. Army Explosives Safety Test Management Program to validate, establish, or
modify explosives safety requirements promoting research, development, promulgation, and application of explosives
safety technology.
(10) Provide explosives and chemical agent mishap investigation assistance, analyze explosives and chemical
agent mishap data, and track remedial actions to develop and recommend corrective measures to the ODASAF.
(11) Track and follow up inspection results; provide consolidated trend data to ODASAF to develop recommended
improvements, prioritization, and program policy changes.
(12) Review, approve, and support RESS for munitions responses.
(13) Perform initial and periodic validation of explosives manufacturing and load, assembly, and pack processes.
Provide copies of validations to ODASAF.
(14) Maintain the database to catalog all explosives or chemical agent deviations with duration greater than 60
days. Periodically review database to ensure that deviations are reviewed at the local level (to ensure that risk assessments are current and that all exposures, risks, and mitigating actions have been identified) and validate the need for
continuance.
(15) Assist ODASAF with the maintenance of Army explosives safety policy and doctrine to ensure that the Army
is executing a comprehensive and effective Army ESMP.
(16) Disseminate procedures for transportation (unitization, out loading, ship loading, and containerization) and
storage of class V items and guided missile ground support equipment in support of DoD, Army, and SMCA requirements.
(17) Provide engineering and support services for ammunition logistics to DoD, Army, and SMCA in the areas of
transportability and pallet testing, container certification, and instrumentation support.
(18) Periodically, at intervals not to exceed 5 years, review SecCert and HQDA-approved DARADs to ensure they
are still needed; risk assessments are current; and exposures, risks, and mitigating actions are identified and sufficient.
Provide an endorsement for Secretariat for continuation of a SecCert or the DARADs and required changes mitigating
measures.
(19) Assist the EDES with Army ESMP responsibilities per this regulation.
(20) Provide technical support to the Munitions and Explosives Safety Management Council and the Department
of the Army Chemical Agent Safety Council (DACASC).
(21) Conduct explosives safety assistance visits (ESAVs) of ammunition activities as requested by ACOMs,
ASCCs, DRUs, and ARNG. Reports will be provided directly to the commander involved and will contain observations or processes to enhance safety.
(22) Participate in preoperational surveys for chemical warfare material response activities (and similar activities
that involve the recovery and assessment of munitions and certain materials of interest or the destruction of recovered
chemical warfare material (RCWM)) as technical advisor to and representative of the ODASAF.
2–5. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Manpower and Reserve Affairs)
The ASA (M&RA) will—
a. Provide policy oversight for and supervise the implementation of the medical aspects of safety policy; the Army
OH Program; medical support for chemical, biological, or radiological activities; and the Army HHA Program.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

9

b. Provide oversight of the Workers’ Compensation Program for the DA Civilian workforce. Ensure senior leaders
are held accountable in managing programmatic aspects of the Federal Employee Compensation Act to include cost
and claim reductions.
2–6. Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Army
The AASA will—
a. According to DODI 6055.01, coordinate with Washington Headquarters Services for any Army-provided SOH
services within the Pentagon Reservation and other Washington Headquarters Services-managed facilities in the National Capital Region.
b. Ensure implementation of SOH requirements and procedures for HQDA/Operating Agency–22 organizations in
the National Capital Region.
2–7. The Inspector General
TIG will—
a. Evaluate the safety programs of Army organizations with nuclear surety, chemical surety, non-traditional agents
(NTAs), BSAT, and selected IAT missions according to this regulation and requests from ODASAF.
b. Conduct other special inspections involving Army safety when directed to do so in compliance with AR 20 – 1.
c. Evaluate medical support functions related to the nuclear surety, chemical surety, NTA, BSAT, and IAT programs according to this regulation, AR 40 – 5, DA Pam 40 – 8, DA Pam 40 – 11, DA Pam 40 –173, and MEDCOM policy
and standards published by OTSG.
2–8. Chief, Public Affairs
The CPA will advise and counsel Army leadership on response to media concerning mishaps and incidents.
2–9. Deputy Chief of Staff, G –1
The DCS, G– 1 will ensure that system safety is integrated into materiel development and acquisition phases through
the Human Systems Integration (HSI) Program; include safety concerns and issues on Army materiel in HSI assessments and presentations at the ASARC.
2–10. Deputy Chief of Staff, G –3/5/7
The DCS, G– 3/5/7 will—
a. Develop and implement policy and procedures governing the selection, training, testing, and licensing of Army
motor vehicle operators.
b. Through the Commander, Army Service Watch Cell—
(1) Serve as DoD’s coordination center for emergency response to transportation mishaps in the continental United
States (CONUS) involving DoD military munitions in compliance with DoDD 6055.09E.
(2) Determine the DoD military installation nearest to the mishap that is capable of providing the needed support;
task the installation to provide the assistance and/or support needed, and notify the appropriate military department to
contact the installation.
(3) Task the U.S. Army Forces Command (FORSCOM), Operations Center, to arrange for explosive service or
support from the nearest explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) unit regardless of the Service affiliation.
(4) Notify Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command (SDDC) and U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) of all transportation mishaps involving AE and/or radiation.
(5) Forward reports of BSAT and other biosafety mishaps or incidents to the ODASAF.
(6) Forward reports of radiation mishaps or incidents to the ODASAF.
(7) Task the Army Operations Center to notify DCS, G – 3/5/7; ODASAF; Office of the Provost Marshal General
(PMG); and other ARSTAF elements, as appropriate, of biological, chemical agent, and radiation serious incident
reports (SIRs).
c. Act as the Army Chief of Safety and representative to the DoD Joint Safety Council.
2–11. Deputy Chief of Staff, G –4
The DCS, G– 4 will—
a. Implement policy for safety in demilitarization of DoD military munitions (AE).
b. Manage the Hazardous Materials Information Resource System (HMIRS).
c. Integrate explosives safety requirements into AE storage construction programs.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

10

d. Advise on the development of policy and guidance to inventory radioactive materials (RAMs), radiation generating devices (RGDs), lasers systems, nonlaser high intensity optical sources (HIOS), and electromagnetic field (EMF)
emitters.
e. Recommend policy, guidance, and oversight management of foreign and nonstandard munitions.
f. Assist the EDES with Army ESMP.
2–12. Deputy Chief of Staff, G –9
The DCS, G– 9 will—
a. Provide oversight of radioactive contamination surveys conducted in support of base closure or installation restoration activities. Coordinate surveys with NRC license holders and ARA holders.
b. Compile liability estimates for NRC license and ARA holders for inclusion on the Army Financial Statement.
c. Ensure the planning, construction, operation and maintenance, and renovation of facilities utilizing FASS engineering and management to optimize safety and health throughout the lifecycle in coordination with the CG, USACE.
d. Develop and provide programming guidance to commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and installations and
the CNGB to support implementation of the provisions of this regulation appropriate to the installation program evaluation group.
e. Advise on the development of policy and procedures to integrate childcare and youth safety concepts in all Army
childcare and youth facilities and Family childcare (FCC) homes.
f. As the functional chief for the installation career field, ensure a viable installations FC and coordinate installation
FC actions with the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army (Environment, Safety, and Occupational Health), who
serves as the installations FC FA.
2–13. The Surgeon General
TSG will—
a. Coordinate with the ASA(IE&E) and ODASAF on OH issues, including annual management reviews, SOH data
collection and analysis, Federal Employees’ Compensation Act and Longshore and Harbor Workers’ Compensation
Act injury, illness, claims, and cost data to inform program and policy guidance.
b. Execute TSG’s responsibilities in support of identifying, assessing, and recording current and emerging health
threats, developing and communicating public health solutions, and monitoring readiness, quality, and effectiveness
of the Army’s Public Health Enterprise as specified in AR 40 – 5.
c. Provide guidance on health and safety procedures and protocols for human-use testing.
d. Provide advice and guidance for HHAs, safety and occupational hazard assessments (SOHAs), and medical
surveillance during research, development, testing, and fielding of systems and equipment.
e. Ensure that OH procedures and controls are implemented during the development and fielding of medical materiel and systems.
f. Provide advice and guidance for selecting protective clothing and equipment (PCE) for use in chemical operations.
g. Provide medical guidance for selecting appropriate protective equipment for use in the biological program.
h. Provide advice and guidance for selecting PCE for use in radiological operations.
i. Review radiation dose limits in excess of limits promulgated in this regulation and provide these increased limits
to the Army Radiation Safety Officer (ARSO) for promulgation, as necessary. Medical personnel will only review
doses received by personnel after special planned exposures, in excess of investigational levels, or at the request of
the RSO.
j. Establish and promulgate Army radiological health protection information for deployment operations.
k. Provide medical support for the Army’s activities in Joint chemical surety, biological safeguards, and nuclear
surety programs as well as for the Army’s Chemical Agent Safety Program and the Army’s Biological Safety Program.
l. Act on behalf of SECARMY for all DoD BSAT Biosafety Program EARO responsibilities, functions, and authorities and implement the DoD BSAT Biosafety Program as set forth in Army Directive 2016 – 24.
m. Notify Director of Security, Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence as soon as possible, and in no case later
than 24 hours, after notification of a biological warfare materiel (BWM) or biological agent contaminated materiel
(BACM) response, characterization, and remediation mishap or incident.
2–14. The Provost Marshal General
The PMG will support DASAF in synchronizing BSAT biosafety and biosecurity requirements.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

11

2–15. Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Command
The CG, FORSCOM will—
a. Provide EOD assets to installations and combatant commanders, as required (in other words, unexploded ordnance (UXO)).
b. Provide EOD escort of off-post chemical surety material and RCWM, as requested or required.
c. Ensure SOH is a component of training to provide trained and ready forces.
d. Ensure compliance to NRC licenses and ARAs.
2–16. Commanding General, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command
The CG, TRADOC will—
a. Integrate safety, RM, and lessons learned into branch-specific doctrine, training, leadership development, organizational design, and materiel requirements.
b. Incorporate system safety performance objectives into capability and concept formulation packages.
c. Act as RM proponent for the Army.
d. Integrate hazard information and hazard controls associated with occupational specialty and special skill identifiers into corresponding training and doctrine.
e. Ensure compliance to NRC licenses and ARAs.
f. Provide radiation safety training to RSOs and operators/users with training commensurate with the radiation
safety program (RSP) for which they are responsible in accordance with chapters 16 and 17.
g. Ensure training is available and meets DTR 4500.9 – R–Part II for persons involved in the shipping of class 7
materials to include certified shippers.
2–17. Commanding General, U.S. Army Materiel Command
a. The CG, AMC will—
(1) Provide subject matter expertise in system safety and software safety programs to minimize hazards for materiel
and systems acquired for the Army and other military Services.
(2) Recommend to the ODASAF whether specific chemical agents or weapons are safe for storage and what safety
controls are required.
(3) Develop and transmit safety messages for commodities according to AR 750 – 6 and a vehicle safety recall
campaign.
(4) Develop and maintain explosives safety standards for AMC industrial operations and the ammunition production base and AMC research and development activities.
(5) Provide safety review for ammunition-peculiar equipment to the materiel developer (MATDEV) for proper
action.
(6) Report and investigate malfunctions involving AE (see AR 75 – 1).
(7) Ensure that proper testing is done on AE according to 49 CFR 173 and TB 700 – 2.
(8) Provide assistance in the establishment and maintenance of the chemical agent surety programs and ensure that
safety training programs to support them are consistent with this regulation and AR 50 –6.
(9) Exercise control and compliance of NRC licenses and ARAs for RAM, Army radioactive commodities, and
RGDs within AMC’s purview.
(10) Provide ionizing radiation dosimetry services at the U.S. Army Dosimetry Center (ADC) that meet the requirements of 10 CFR 20.1501 and paragraph 16– 10 of this regulation and maintain the Army’s Central Dosimetry
Records Repository (CDRR).
(11) Provide the Army radiation test, measurement, and diagnostic equipment program material, accredited radiation instrument calibration and repair, and laboratory radiological sample analysis services according to AR 750 –43.
(12) Provide Army low-level radioactive waste disposal services according to paragraph 16 – 27.
(13) Maintain the capability to provide onsite radiation consultation and support during the retrograde of radiologically contaminated equipment according to AR 700 – 48.
(14) Ensure that foreign military sales of RAM and items that contain RAM, RGD, and military-exempt lasers
comply with applicable U.S. regulations and DoD directives.
(15) Establish an Ignition System Safety Board to ensure that rocket motor ignition systems provide an optimum
degree of safety.
(16) Establish an Army Weapon System Safety Review Board to ensure that Army weapon systems are safe and
suitable during their full lifecycle.
(17) Ensure AE contracts have appropriate explosives safety clauses as required by 48 CFR 223.370.
(18) Ensure contracts have appropriate clauses as required by chapter 26.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

12

(19) Require CORs to complete training for AE safety in contract operations.
(20) Require prime contractors of GOCO operations to comply with contractual oversight requirements of ARMS
and other tenants to include the development and maintenance of ESSPs.
(21) Establish and maintain procedures for safety of flight restrictions for Army aircraft and safety of use restrictions for other Army materiel.
(22) Ensure laser weapon systems meet laser safety program requirements.
(23) Ensure proper disposition and accountability of radiation sources/commodities.
(24) Ensure commodities used as monuments and displays are free of radiation emitting sources/items or have been
assessed to ensure licensing and radiation safety is effective as applicable in accordance with NRC license RSOs for
radioactive commodities.
(25) Ensure, when appropriate, life cycle management commands (LCMCs) will use the Army Equipment Safety
and Maintenance Notification System (AESMNS) and safety of flight message system in accordance with AR 750 – 6
to communicate corrective actions on fielded systems to users.
b. The CG, AMC, through the CG, U.S. Army Installation Management Command (IMCOM) will—
(1) Establish, resource, and support the IMCOM Safety Program to ensure compliance with federal, DoD, Army,
senior commander, and IMCOM requirements.
(2) Establish safety oversight and inspection programs to ensure IMCOM subordinate organizations develop, implement, resource, and manage safety programs in compliance with applicable federal, DoD, Army, and IMCOM
requirements.
(3) Ensure U.S. Army garrison (USAG) commanders:
(a) Execute, resource, and direct the USAG’s safety program focusing on USAG assets and workplaces, among
other functions.
(b) Collaborate, cooperate, and coordinate with other federal, DoD, Army, and local safety personnel in support of
the USAG commander’s safety program’s requirements.
(c) Establish and maintain an installation-specific Recognize, Retreat, Report (3Rs) Program (see
https://www.asaie.army.mil/public/esoh/army3rs.html) to advise Soldiers and their Families who live or work on an
installation, personnel who work on the installation, visitors, and members of surrounding communities of the dangers
associated with munitions and the actions to take in the event they encounter or suspect they have encountered a
munition.
(d) Prohibit magnet fishing on Army installations.
c. The CG, AMC, through the Director, U.S. Army Chemical Materials Activity (CMA) will—
(1) Support the ASA (IE&E), whom the SECARMY has delegated as EARO for the RCWM Program by:
(a) Maintaining the capability to provide the RCWM Program support functions.
(b) Coordinating matters related to CMA’s support of the RCWM Program, including the expenditure of Chemical
Agents and Munitions Destruction Defense funds, with the Office of the ASA (IE&E).
(2) Support preoperational surveys and operational readiness reviews—
(a) Prior to the test and operation of new facilities or equipment in support of major changes.
(b) When changing demilitarization campaigns (for example, reconfiguring equipment and facilities to process
different munitions or agent).
(c) Prior to the conduct of RCWM destruction operations and other RCWM support functions when directed by
the EARO for the RCWM Program.
d. The CG, AMC, through the EDES will—
(1) Plan, program, budget, and execute the funding of resources necessary to accomplish the USATCES mission
and to assist the DASAF with the Army ESMP.
(2) Be the Army’s representative for operationalizing the Army’s ESMP tenets into every facet of DoD military
munitions’ lifecycle and munitions-related operations, to include acquisition, testing, manufacture, transport, storage,
training, use, and demilitarization.
(3) Provide a direct line of communication for the Army’s senior leadership to address explosives safety-related
concerns with AMC, as the materiel provider for the Army.
(4) Support senior commanders in successfully meeting their ESMP responsibilities, including supporting
USATCES direct support to ACOMs and the conduct of studies and research, development, test, and evaluation
(RDT&E) requirements needed to improve the Army’s ESMP.
(5) Assist the Army in mitigating explosives safety risks that necessitate the use of risk acceptance.
(6) Identify, in consideration of input from the Army’s senior leadership, policy issues, studies, and RDT&E requirements needed to improve the Army’s ESMP.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

13

2–18. Commanding General, U.S. Army Futures Command
a. The CG, AFC will—
(1) Collect, analyze, and disseminate chemical agent safety information to HQDA components and activities with
a chemical agent mission.
(2) Jointly develop with MEDCOM biological safety contract clauses, including clauses for mishap and incident
investigation and reporting. Commanders of AFC, AMC, and MEDCOM will ensure that such clauses are promulgated according to FAR Subpart 1.3 and FAR Subpart 1.4; DFARS 201.3 and DFARS 201.4; and AFARS 5101.3 and
AFARS 5101.4. Forward contract clauses to ODASAF where they are maintained.
(3) Exercise control and compliance of the ionizing and nonionizing RSPs (including NRC licenses, ARA for
RAM, Army radioactive commodities, lasers, HIOS, and RGD) within AFC’s purview.
(4) Establish a Fuze Safety Board to ensure that fuzing systems provide an optimum degree of safety. The board
will serve as the technical advisor for fuze safety of Army non-nuclear munitions, issue or withdraw interim and/or
final safety certifications, review SSRAs and documentation to determine the level of risk during the fuze lifecycle,
and establish and review design safety criteria and safety requirements for all Army non-nuclear fuzes and safety and
arming devices. The Board will also lead and facilitate Joint Service safety reviews of Army fuzing systems proposed
for Joint Service applications.
b. The CG, AFC, through the Combat Capabilities Development Command, ensures that the Director, Chemical
Biological Center (CBC) will—
(1) Establish and manage a quality assurance program for chemical agent storage and use at CBC laboratories and
sites except those of CMA.
(2) Provide quality systems certification for organizations, except those of CMA and the Program Executive Office,
Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternative, which conduct agent-monitoring activities for personnel and environmental protection.
2–19. Commander, U.S. Army Special Operations Command
The CG, USASOC will—
a. Develop and approve doctrine, tactics, techniques, and procedures that support special operations and Army
special operations aviation safety to be employed during special operations unique training and operations in lieu of
Army safety and range standards.
b. Coordinate high and serious risk material issues identified in equipment to be deployed to Army special operations forces (ARSOF).
c. Investigate or provide technical assistance to other commands, as required, to investigate mishaps involving
ARSOF tactics, techniques, and procedures.
d. Provide guidance, in accordance with U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) and USASOC standards,
for unconventional warfare training to support special operations unique training and operational requirements.
e. Ensure compliance to NRC licenses and ARAs.
2–20. Commanding General, Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command
The CG, SDDC will—
a. Implement DoD and DA intermodal transportation safety policies.
b. Review, develop, and implement DA commercial stevedore contracts to ensure they comply with safety and
health statutory and regulatory guidance, including this regulation.
c. Implement policy for DoD Service component and U.S. Transportation Command approval for safety in operations requiring DoD compliance with DOT hazardous materials (HAZMAT) regulations.
d. Implement policy for exemption requests by DoD Service components for HAZMAT shipments by DoD shippers that require DOT and/or international regulatory exemptions.
e. Provide traffic engineering support to Army activities.
f. Develop safety policy for maritime operations requiring compliance with the International Maritime Dangerous
Goods (IMDG) Code when loading vessels at SDDC terminals.
g. Obtain waivers (when appropriate) from DOT to waive full compliance with DOT HAZMAT regulations.
h. Provide input to the DOT’s Emergency Response Guidebook (available for download at
https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat/erg/emergency-response-guidebook-erg).
i. Establish commercial carrier and driver qualifications and supplementary training requirements, in cooperation
with DOT, for transporting DoD military munitions and explosives.
j. Coordinate with the Association of State Police, Highway Patrol, Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance, or similar
organizations, to ensure mishap prevention and emergency response cooperation.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

14

k. Oversee DA transportation services required for safe movement of conventional AE.
2–21. Commanding General, U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command
a. The CG, ATEC will—
(1) Review safety documentation and issue safety releases prior to any hands-on testing, training, demonstration,
experimentation, use, or maintenance by Soldiers on new/nonfielded equipment or type-classified items that are to be
used in a new or innovative manner. Review/issue safety confirmations in support of major milestone and materiel
release decisions.
(2) Ensure system evaluation plans, test support orders, and test design plans for developmental tests and operational tests require the collection and recording of data from which an independent evaluation of hazards can be made
and results are documented in test reports, safety confirmation, and system evaluation reports.
(3) Verify the effectiveness of safety requirements, design changes, or procedural controls incorporated to reduce
the risk associated with previously identified hazards.
(4) Require prime contractors of GOCO operations to comply with contractual oversight requirements of ARMS
and other tenants to include the development and maintenance of ESSPs.
(5) Serve as supporting agency to the coordinating agency (OSHA) under the National Response Framework,
Worker Safety and Health Support Annex.
(6) Provide safety confirmation by the U.S. Army Evaluation Center (AEC) directly to the MDA for all milestone
decision reviews (MDRs) and in-process reviews.
(7) Provide a safety release by AEC prior to any hands-on testing, training, demonstration, experimentation, use,
or maintenance by Soldiers on new/nonfielded equipment or type-classified items that are to be used in a new or
innovative manner.
b. The CG, ATEC, through the Deputy Under Secretary of the Army (Test and Evaluation (T&E)), will—
(1) Ensure that Army policy on weapon system T&E in support of acquisition adheres to environmental regulations, policy, range safety, and OH standards and promotes sustainable ranges in coordination with ASA (ALT).
(2) Advise on the development of policies addressing test range clearance and managing range residue.
(3) Provide the PM, product manager, or project manager with a notification of the RAC assigned to test incident
reports and identified potential health and safety hazards in the test report.
2–22. Commanding General, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
The CG, USACE will—
a. Ensure that Army standard designs and USACE-administered facility/utility designs and construction conform
to statutory and regulatory fire, safety, occupant health, and explosives standards and otherwise provide a safe and
healthful workplace for personnel and materiel.
b. Promulgate the safety standards to be used in Army construction and USACE civil works facilities and activities
(see EM 385 –1 – 1).
c. Serve as the Army executing agency for chemical agent cleanup operations at formerly used defense sites and
provide assistance to Regular Army installations conducting chemical agent cleanup operations.
d. Advise and assist the DCS, G – 3/5/7 in determining range, training land, and support facility requirements during
development of new weapon systems.
e. Assist Army activities in the planning and execution of UXO clearance and response operations.
f. Provide FASS policy, direction, and oversight to Army elements according to paragraph 2 – 13 and chapter 19 of
this regulation, and with mandatory procedures in DA Pam 385 – 16.
g. Serve as supporting agency to the coordinating agency (OSHA) under the National Response Framework,
Worker Safety and Health Support Annex.
h. Serve as the proponent for FAR 52.236 – 13 and its Alternate 1 for use in DoD construction, renovation, and
demolition contracts.
i. Provide safety at civil works facilities being used for recreation and/or the visiting public.
2–23. Commanding General, U.S. Army Medical Command
The CG, MEDCOM will—
a. Provide safety and health oversight of medical RDT&E activities in support of the Regular Army and Joint
chemical defense programs sponsored by MEDCOM. Provide safety and health oversight of contract personnel performing medical RDT&E activities as specified in specific contract provisions.
b. Implement medical policies and provide health-related chemical agent training to patient care providers and
industrial hygienists.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

15

c. Develop MEDCOM policies in support of the Regular Army and Joint chemical, biological, radiological, and
nuclear (CBRN) defense activities.
d. Archive Army NRC licenses, ARAs, and Army facility decommissioning documents in a central repository.
e. Ensure the development of doctrine, implementation plans, procedures, capabilities, and training relative to occupational and environmental health (OEH) surveillance to address exposures to Soldiers and DA Civilian employees
throughout their time in service.
f. Jointly develop with AMC biological safety contract clauses, including clauses for mishap and incident investigation and reporting. Commanders of AFC, AMC, and MEDCOM will ensure that such clauses are promulgated
according to FAR Subpart 1.3 and FAR Subpart 1.4; DFARS 201.3 and DFARS 201.4; and AFARS 5101.3 and
AFARS 5101.4. Forward contract clauses to ODASAF where they are maintained.
g. Coordinate and synchronize BSAT and IAT biosafety policy, standards, and program management with the
DASAF.
h. Assist HQDA components in monitoring IAT safety activities throughout the Army to identify concerns, trends,
and required corrective actions.
i. Provide or designate physicians, industrial hygienists, and other public health personnel to support chemical and
biological inspection and preoperational survey teams.
j. Provide HHA and SOHAs for the HSI program in accordance with AR 40 – 10.
k. Exercise control and compliance of NRC licenses and ARAs for RAM, Army radioactive commodities, and
RGDs within MEDCOM’s purview.
l. When requested, provide RSP assessment services to support triennial surveys of military medical treatment
facility (MTF), NRC license, or ARA holder for compliance with applicable radiation safety and health regulations
and guidance.
m. Provide, on a cost-reimbursable basis, RSP assessment services to support triennial surveys of each command,
installation, and/or garrison; NRC license; Army reactor permit; or ARA holder for compliance with applicable radiation safety and health regulations and guidance.
n. Support foreign and other health inquiries for radiological, chemical, and biological concerns.
2–24. Chief, National Guard Bureau and other commanders
The CNGB and commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and field operating agencies will—
a. Designate a qualified safety professional as the command safety director and the primary point of contact (POC)
for every aspect of the command’s safety program.
b. Ensure program, planning, budget, and execution of ASOHMS functions are integrated in all operations to effectively implement the ASOHP to fulfill the requirements of the programs listed in table 1 – 1.
c. Integrate OSHA and national consensus standards into military policy, standards, tasks, techniques, and procedures, as appropriate.
d. Prohibit visitors from operating any military system, vessel, aircraft, or vehicle that causes or perceives to cause
an increase in risk.
e. Ensure SOH personnel and USO are appointed or designated by commanders at the appropriate level in accordance with this regulation and associated DA pamphlets.
f. Through the program, planning, budget, and execution process, resource ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, ARNG, and
subordinate organization’s SOH professionals in accordance with statutory requirements and this regulation.
g. Ensure subordinate organizations use systems according to safety and health guidance published in technical,
field, and training manuals; Ground Safety Notification System; safety of flight messages; bulletins; circulars; and
Army and federal regulations.
h. Approve the use of nonstandard ammunition within their commands.
i. Ensure subordinate organizations develop, coordinate, and exercise aviation and ground emergency plans in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.38.
j. Establish policy to ensure commanders at battalion level or equivalent enroll in and complete the Army Readiness
Assessment Program (ARAP) within 90 days of assumption of command, review the results, and conduct a follow-up
assessment within 12 to 18 months (mid-tour).
k. Provide written guidance and ensure personnel are trained in applicable SOH functional areas listed in table 1 – 1.
l. Ensure personnel have adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) for their operations.
m. Ensure compliance with conditions of NRC licenses and ARAs, including AMC-held radioactive commodity
licenses (see para 16–2b).

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

16

n. Establish and employ, as applicable, procedures to ensure that captured, purchased, borrowed, or otherwise obtained foreign equipment and materiel are surveyed for RAM and that appropriate actions are taken following discovery of any RAM in those items.
o. Ensure that Servicemembers are monitored for potential radiation exposure when operational exposure guidance
is in effect. See DA Pam 385 –10 for mandatory procedures for monitoring.
p. Ensure an ergonomics program is established as a shared responsibility in the SOH program in accordance with
29 CFR 1960, DoDI 6055.01, AR 40 – 5, and DA Pam 40 –21.
q. Ensure ARNG SOHACs are established (see para 1 –17).
r. Ensure ARNG SOH directors serve on the SOH board and recommend matters for improving ASOHP to the
SOH Synchronization Oversight Council (see para 1 – 16).
s. Ensure ARNG SOH personnel develop ASOHP metrics that include both quantitative and qualitative measures
(see para 4 –4).
t. Ensure ARNG SOH personnel develop a tracking system to record ASOHP deficiencies reported or identified,
analyze all hazards to determine the degree of risk using Army-approved risk assessment techniques, and assign a
priority for correcting hazards (see para 4 –5).
u. Ensure that ARNG USOs complete the USO course and RM training within 90 days of appointment (see para
5 – 5).
v. Ensure that the first O – 7 in an ARNG passenger’s chain of command serves as the approval authority for airland
seats out operations in Army aircraft (see para 12 –6).
w. Ensure ARNG commands and agencies conducting biological activities include an IAT SOH section in their
written SOH program prescribing responsibilities and procedures for implementing the biological safety program prescribed in this regulation (see para 20– 3).
2–25. Commanders of Army service component commands outside the United States
Commanders of ASCCs outside the United States will—
a. Conduct mission/command analysis to determine the applicability of HN SOH standards to Army operations in
regulations and policies.
b. Establish the theater-unique policy and procedures for SOH requirements to address theater-unique hazards and
to ensure compliance with applicable status of forces agreements (SOFAs), supplements, and undersigned protocols
thereto. Provide theater-unique training and medical requirements to deploying forces prior to entry into theater.
c. Advocate establishment of SOH requirements in SOFAs that are common for U.S. and HN personnel.
d. Comply with applicable standards to operations and missions unless compliance is unfeasible or would violate
applicable SOFAs, supplements, and undersigned protocols thereto.
e. Ensure risk assessments are conducted and, as appropriate, accept risks identified as high or serious for materiel
to be directly or urgently fielded to Army units within their commands.
f. Fulfill the requirements as applicable for installations not managed by IMCOM.
2–26. Senior commanders of Army installations
Senior commanders of Army installations will—
a. Be responsible for the safety of people who live or work on installations, visitors to the installation, and the
public that may be impacted by installation-related activities, critical assets, and the environment. (Delegate responsibilities to regionally aligned subordinate general officer(s) as required at ASCC locations outside CONUS.)
b. Appoint an installation safety director (ISD) responsible to direct, synchronize, and deliver the installation SOH
program.
c. Establish and maintain an ESMP and ensure the ESMP prohibits magnet fishing on the installation.
d. Synchronize and integrate Army safety priorities and initiatives at Army installations.
e. Provide oversight for integrating safety in installation support activities.
f. Direct the installation safety program in accordance with AR 600 – 20.
g. Establish formal agreements, as needed, between host and tenant organizations to ensure installation SOH responsibilities are addressed.
h. Establish and chair the installation SOH Council.
i. Resolve installation safety issues, to include infrastructure or support with IMCOM, and as needed, the associated
ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and the National Guard Bureau (NGB).
j. Appoint an installation RSO in writing. See requirements in paragraph 16–3j.
k. Utilize the installation SOHAC to support and provide oversight to the installation radiation program as needed.
l. Establish an installation Explosives Safety Council as needed.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

17

m. Approve the installation SOH Plan annually.
2–27. Commanders with a Department of Defense military munitions mission
a. Brigade level commanders and above will establish an ESMP that is based on and consistent with the senior
commander’s ESMP and complies with this regulation and mandatory procedures for ammunitions and explosives
safety in DA Pam 385– 64.
b. Battalion level commanders and below will establish standard operating procedures (SOPs) to implement applicable portions of the senior commander and their chain of command’s ESMP.
c. All commanders will—
(1) Provide explosives safety training that is consistent with mandatory procedures in DA Pam 385 – 64. At a minimum, such training will include RM training for personnel responsible for the development and review of deviations
from applicable explosives safety criteria and preparation of required risk assessment documents, including measures
to mitigate the risk associated with the deviation.
(2) Advise Soldiers of the 3Rs Explosives Safety Program (see https://www.asaie.army.mil/public/esoh/army3rs.html), the dangers associated with UXO and taking munitions as souvenirs, and the command’s amnesty program.
(3) Conduct annual reviews of deviations to applicable explosives safety criteria in compliance with mandatory
procedures in DA Pam 385 –64. The review should ensure each deviation is still required, the risk assessment is accurate, risk mitigation measures are effective, and the appropriate level of leadership has accepted the risk.
(4) Submit, upon approval, a copy of each deviation and the associated risk acceptance documentation and, upon
completion, a copy of the annual review of deviations to USATCES for centralized management and oversight.
2–28. Commanders of deploying units
Commanders of deploying units will—
a. Comply with the ASCC’s safety requirements when deployed into its area of responsibility.
b. Ensure that subordinate commanders, managers, and supervisors are informed regarding their ASCC’s SOH
requirements and applicable HN safety requirements.
c. Ensure deploying personnel are informed of the 3Rs Explosives Safety Program (see
https://www.asaie.army.mil/public/esoh/army3rs.html), the dangers associated with UXO and taking munitions as
souvenirs, and the command’s amnesty program.
2–29. Installation safety directors
The ISD will—
a. Be assigned to either the senior commander’s safety office or the garrison safety office.
b. Serve as principal advisor to the commander in SOH-related matters of mission execution pertaining to AR
385 – 10 and SOH regulatory and statutory requirements.
c. Will be rated by the garrison commander, if assigned to the garrison safety office, with the senior commander
as higher level reviewer (DoD Performance Management and Appraisal Program (DPMAP)).
d. Develop the installation SOH Plan annually.
(1) The installation SOH Plan will be staffed with the garrison commander and approved by the senior commander
annually (see para 2–26m).
(2) The installation SOH Plan will include all applicable Army SOH functional areas (see table 1 – 1), listed in order
of priority, with associated risk level if not resourced properly.
e. Develop written local policy and procedures for installation SOH programs, as required.
f. Evaluate and monitor installation SOH programs for effective implementation.
g. Communicate best practices and share lessons learned.
h. Ensure SOH training program is implemented.
i. Train and advise personnel on the integration of RM processes within their missions.
j. Assist leaders in implementation of installation SOH programs.
k. Coordinate/integrate with OH, industrial hygiene, and F&ES programs.
l. Suspend, limit, or terminate operations where the potential for damage, exposure, and loss (to include stolen
property) to radioactive sources can occur.
2–30. Commanders of tenant/subordinate units on an installation
All commanders of tenant/subordinate units on an installation will—
a. Apply senior commander safety priorities and initiatives (as applicable) at Army installations.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

18

b. Participate in installation SOHACs.
c. Provide documentation support (such as radiation commodity inventory, mishap data, workplace safety inspections, hazard log data, and so forth) to the installation safety office (ISO) as required.
2–31. Unit safety officer
USO responsibilities, which are prescribed by the parent unit, include:
a. Conduct surveys and hazard analyses.
b. Participate in unit level mission planning, preparation, execution, and recovery to ensure that hazard identification, risk assessment, and integration of controls are addressed by the commander and other mission planners (for
example, platoon leader, operations officer, supply officer) prior to and during unit operations.
c. Observe unit operations to detect and correct unsafe practices.
d. Advise the commander on a regular basis on the following:
(1) The status and adequacy of the unit safety program.
(2) The status of the hazards control log.
(3) Safety matters which degrade or inhibit mission accomplishment.
e. Recommend to the commander effective courses of action to address matters which degrade or inhibit mission
accomplishment.
f. Monitor the following:
(1) Personnel attached or assigned to ensure they are trained in RM and other safety-related subjects.
(2) Unit mishaps to ensure they are reported, investigated, and conduct root cause analysis in accordance with this
regulation and coordinated with the parent unit safety office.
(3) Tests of the unit’s pre-mishap plan, conducting after action reviews (AARs) and recommending improvements
to the plan as necessary.
g. Review investigation reports for accuracy, completeness, and timeliness.
h. Assist in developing and reviewing unit SOPs to ensure safety and RM are integrated and controls are established
for identified hazards.
i. Acquire and maintain required references to perform assigned duties (Army, command headquarters, and local
policy and procedures).
j. Provide safety oversight to unit operations involving the transport or storing of arms, ammunition, explosives,
petroleum products, RAMs, and other HAZMAT.
k. Manage unit safety awards program in accordance with local guidance.
l. Participate in AARs to ensure that lessons learned are captured and disseminated for use in planning and executing the next iteration of the same mission or similar missions.
m. Assist the commander in promoting privately-owned vehicle (POV) safety.
2–32. Materiel developers, acquisition managers, and equipment, process, and facility designers
MATDEVs, acquisition managers, and equipment, process, and facility designers will—
a. Initiate and tailor a System Safety Program according to this regulation, mandatory procedures in DA Pam
385 – 16, and MIL – STD– 882E for Army materiel, systems, software, equipment, facilities, and processes.
b. Establish requirements, budget, fund, and provide adequate resources to implement and maintain an effective
system safety effort covering development, production, fielding, deployment, demilitarization, and disposal for their
programs, projects, equipment, processes, and developmental areas.
c. Obtain the appropriate safety documentation from the item manager, equipment developer, or vendor when purchasing and developing equipment or facilities for the Army (see mandatory procedures in DA Pam 385 – 16).
d. Obtain a safety release from ATEC/AEC prior to any hands-on testing, training, demonstration, experimentation,
use, or maintenance by Soldiers on new/nonfielded equipment or type-classified items that are to be used in a new or
innovative manner. See other mandatory procedures in DA Pam 385 – 16.
e. Certify safety hazards are eliminated, controlled to the lowest risk level, or the resulting residual risk is formally
accepted. This applies to materiel, systems, equipment, facilities, and processes developed, acquired, fielded, disposed
of, tested, and provided to the Army and other military Services.
f. Upon identification or report of a significant hazard in fielded systems, materiel, developed equipment, and facilities, immediately initiate notification (safety message), risk assessment, funding, and corrective action.
g. Identify any RAM or RGDs and ensure NRC license or ARA and, as applicable, the Sealed Source and Device
Registry is obtained. Ensure a cost versus benefit analysis is performed for RAMs and radioactive items. Ensure items
identified as radioactive are assigned separate national stock numbers from the nonradioactive version. Ensure cradle
to grave life-cycle program for radioactive and radiation-producing commodities. Address training, fielding, and

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

19

accountability in the life-cycle management and obtain available safety devices and nonradioactive training devices,
if applicable.
h. Implement the HHA.
2–33. Contracting officers and contracting officer representatives
Contracting officers and CORs will—
a. Ensure contracts have proper clauses to meet Army, DoD, and applicable federal, state, and local SOH regulations.
b. Prepare written procedures for reviewing contractor capability to comply with and administer the SOH aspects
of the contract requirements.
c. Ensure that periodic inspections are conducted by a qualified safety professional at contractor work sites to
ensure compliance with contractual SOH requirements.
d. On a cost-reimbursable basis, characterize BWM and BACM.
e. Ensure that Army IAT safety clauses are made contractually binding on all contractors required to possess or
use Armyor DoD-provided IAT, with the exception of clinical diagnostic, epidemiologic, and surveillance specimens.
f. Ensure that contract facilities handling Army or DoD-supplied IAT are pre-inspected using the mandatory checklist in DA Pam 385 – 69, and annually inspected for compliance with IAT safety clauses and mandatory procedures in
DA Pam 385 – 69.
g. As a contracting officer function, designate a COR to monitor all contracts when contractors are required to
possess or use Armyor DoD-provided IAT, with the exception of clinical diagnostic, epidemiologic, and surveillance
specimens.
h. Ensure AE contracts have appropriate explosives safety clauses as required by 48 CFR 223.370.
i. Ensure AE contracts have required property clauses and clearly define roles and responsibilities required by the
contractor in the statement of work.
j. Require CORs to complete training for AE safety in contract operations.
k. Ensure contracting officers provide the contractor with a military laser exemption memorandum if required.
l. Ensure that the current United Facilities Guide Specifications for Safety and Health in effect on the date of
solicitation is used in contract work administered on behalf of the Army under the provisions of FAR Clause
52.236 –13 and other contracts as deemed appropriate based on the risk assessment and ensure that mishap prevention
plans required by USACE EM 385 – 1 –1 are reviewed by a qualified safety professional to determine if the plan meets
criteria specified by EM 385 –1 – 1.

Chapter 3
Mishap Investigation, Reporting, and Recordkeeping
Section I
Defining an Army Mishap
3–1. Introduction
This chapter provides policy and assignment of responsibilities for the initial notification, investigation, reporting, and
recordkeeping of Army mishaps. This chapter implements the provisions of DoDI 6055.07 and 29 CFR 1904.39.
3–2. Authority
Army mishaps will be investigated in accordance with this regulation and mandatory procedures in DA Pam 385 – 40
and DA Pam 385– 64. USACRC will maintain a team of professional mishap investigators ready to deploy and investigate any mishap. The DASAF retains unilateral authority to investigate any mishap based on current and relevant
information and the needs of the U.S. Army.
3–3. Army mishaps
An Army mishap is an unplanned event, or a series of related events, resulting in one or more of the following:
a. Injury to or occupational illness incurred by Army military personnel.
b. On-duty injury or occupational illness, or medically diagnosed work-related aggravation or complication of preexisting injuries to military and civilian personnel involving:
(1) Injury to members of the visiting public authorized to be on Army facilities, installations, or properties for
recreational or other sanctioned events.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

20

(2) Fratricide/friendly fire mishaps.
(3) Damage to Army property or equipment.
Note. Include the National Fire Investigation Reporting System records as independent fire investigation report enclosures to class A and B Army mishap reports.
(4) Damage to public or private property and/or injury or occupational illness caused to non-Army personnel resulting from Army operations (the U.S. Army may have had a causal role in the mishap).
3–4. Mishap reporting requirements
Mishap reporting guidance is provided in DA Pam 385 –40.
a. Report mishaps involving injuries occurring both on and off duty.
b. Report military personnel who are missing and/or presumed dead as the result of a mishap until determined
otherwise.
c. Initially deem and investigate as mishaps those Soldier deaths or medical events occurring during or in association with physical training or endurance-related training.
d. Report cases of medical diagnosis of work-related aggravation or complication of pre-existing injuries.
e. Report damage to government-owned/furnished material, property, or equipment under a DoD contract (GOCO).
f. Report all fire losses for equipment and real, to include wildlands due to wildland fires.
3–5. Events not considered Army mishaps
The following events do not require reporting through safety channels:
a. Intentional injuries.
(1) Attempted or consummated suicide, murder, or intentionally self-inflicted injuries.
(2) Injuries resulting from altercations, attacks, or assaults, unless the injuries of this type were incurred in the
performance of official duties.
b. Death due to natural causes unrelated to the work environment.
c. Death or injury attributable solely to the use of illegal drugs or abuse of other substances; for example, alcohol.
d. Adverse reactions resulting directly from the use of drugs, under the direction of a competent medical authority.
e. Deliberate injury to Army personnel or damage to Army equipment, including vehicles and aircraft.
f. Property damage resulting from vandalism, riots, civil disorders, or criminal acts such as arson, or damage that
occurs to Army equipment after having been stolen or misappropriated.
g. Injury or fatality while escaping from or eluding military or civilian custody or arrest.
h. Inpatient hospitalization for treatment beyond the day of admission solely for administrative reasons, such as
hospitalization for observation, counseling, diagnostics testing, or administrative reasons not related to the immediate
injury or occupational illness.
i. Minimum stress and strain (simple, natural, nonviolent body positions or actions, as in dressing, sleeping, coughing, or sneezing, not directly associated with the work environment or allergens therein).
j. Injuries associated with non-occupational diseases when the disease, not the injury, is the proximate cause of the
lost time (for example, loss of vision as a resulting complication of diabetes).
k. Injuries sustained prior to entry into military service or employment by the U.S. Government, unless specifically
aggravated by the current tenure of service.
l. Pre-existing injuries and musculoskeletal disorders, unless aggravated or accelerated by conditions of federal
employment.
m. Illness caused by specific organisms and toxins (such as food borne disease) unless the disease is directly related
to or the result of the worker’s conditions of employment.
n. Foreign object damage (FOD) to aircraft, air-breathing missiles, or drone engines. Only damage discovered
during scheduled engine disassembly applies.
o. Normal, anticipated, residual damage resulting from a missile launch.
p. Normal, anticipated, residual damage resulting from unmanned aircraft system (UAS) launch and recovery (for
example Raven designed to break apart upon landing).
q. Damage or injury as a direct result of action by an enemy force.
(1) Damage, loss, or injury directly caused by enemy action or sabotage.
(2) Damage, loss, or injury due to evasive action taken to avoid enemy fire.
(3) Loss of equipment in combat or failure of an individual to return from a combat mission when the last known
position was in or over enemy territory.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

21

r. Intentional, controlled, in-flight jettison or release of canopies, cargo, doors, drag chutes, hoist cables, jungle
penetrators, hatches, life rafts, auxiliary fuel tanks, missiles, drones, rockets, non-nuclear munitions, and externally
carried equipment that is not essential to flight, unless there is injury and/or reportable damage to the aircraft or other
property. (Jettisoning of missiles, drones, or non-nuclear munitions is not a reportable mishap, unless it occurred as
the result of a malfunction.)
s. Mishaps involving civil aircraft owned by civil operators while accomplishing contract air missions for the U.S.
Army.
t. Mishaps that occur during the transportation of Army materiel by commercial carriers.
u. Army equipment that is leased, on bailment, or loaned to contractors, commercial airlines, or other government
agencies or foreign governments when the lessee has assumed risk of damage or loss.
v. Planned, intended, or expected damage to Army equipment or property is not considered a mishap during authorized testing or intentional destruction. “Planned and intended” signifies the damage was specifically required and
expected to accomplish the objectives of a formally authorized test or was the desired outcome of an authorized destruction or disposal of property, including damage to test fixtures designed to provide protection.
w. Mishaps involving the destruction of, or serious damage to, nuclear weapons, nuclear weapons systems, or
nuclear weapons components resulting in an actual or potential threat to national security or life and property.
x. Malfunctions or failure of parts that are normally subject to fair wear and tear and have a fixed useful life less
than the complete vehicle, aircraft, weapon system, or major unit of equipment. Unless the malfunction or failure
causes subsequent damage to other respective components, single component failures are not considered mishaps.
y. Mishaps resulting in damage to factory-new equipment prior to government-acceptance of the risk of damage or
loss, as contractually stipulated.
Section II
Categorizing and Classifying Army Mishaps
3–6. Command responsibility for Army mishaps
a. Initial notification. The commander who first becomes aware of a mishap involving Army personnel or property, or injury to non-Army personnel or damage to non-Army property/equipment as the result of Army operations,
is responsible for notification through Army channels per section III of this chapter.
b. Investigation and reporting.
(1) The commander responsible for investigating an Army class A or B mishap will direct and convene a safety
board. Paragraph 3– 11 establishes the process for identifying the board convening authority, to include exceptions for
Joint command involvement.
(2) Command responsibility for directing a mishap investigation and subsequent reporting is generally at the level
of the administrative convening authority—
(a) Having operational control or risk-approval authority over the personnel, property/equipment, or mission associated with the mishap, or;
(b) To whom the personnel or equipment are assigned, or;
(c) Under whose responsibility the installation/facility falls.
c. Exceptions to command responsibility roles and accountability.
(1) Attribute personnel who are involved in mishaps while on temporary duty (TDY), pass, or military leave to the
activity or ACOM, ASCC, or DRU to which they are assigned, or the CNGB, in accordance with the Standard Installation/Division Personnel System (SIDPERS), or military personnel office unit strength report. DA Civilian personnel
will be attributed to the command identified by current SF 50 (Notification of Personnel Action).
(2) Army, other Service component, and foreign military personnel who are involved in a mishap while TDY at an
Army school will be attributable to the school’s Army-level headquarters, if school curriculum meets or exceeds 30
calendar days.
3–7. Categories of Army mishaps
Army mishaps fall into one of the following categories; specific case-by-case exceptions are included.
a. Ground mishap. Army ground mishaps encompass all mishaps involving ground-based operations, equipment,
or activities, including but not limited to, motor vehicle, Army rail and rail equipment, airborne, biological, weapons/explosives (including radiation and chemical agents), radiation, and fire.
b. Aviation mishap. This category encompasses all mishaps directly involving aircraft, UAS, aerostat systems, or
other vehicles or systems designed to operate aloft.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

22

(1) Flight mishap. A mishap where there is intent for flight as defined by AR 95 – 1 and damage to DoD aircraft.
Explosives, chemical agent, or missile events that cause damage to an aircraft with intent for flight are categorized as
flight mishaps to avoid dual reporting. (Mishaps involving factory-new production aircraft until successful completion
of the post-production flight are reported as contractor mishaps.)
(2) Flight-related mishap. A mishap where there is intent for flight and no reportable damage to the aircraft itself,
but the mishap involves fatality, reportable injury, or reportable property damage. A missile that is launched from an
aircraft, departs without damaging the aircraft, and is subsequently involved in a mishap is reportable as a guided
missile mishap.
Note. Flight-related mishaps will not be calculated as flight mishap rates.
(3) Aviation-ground mishap. A mishap where there is no intent for flight that results in damage to an aircraft or
death or injury involving an aircraft. This applies to aircraft both on land and onboard ship. Damage to an aircraft
when it is being handled as a commodity or cargo is not reportable as an aircraft mishap.
(4) Space mishap. Damage to any unique space system or support equipment during the pre-launch, launch, or
orbit phase, or to ground-based space systems.
c. Maritime (afloat) mishap. Mishap resulting from or during the operation of an Army vessel, including Army
diving or swimmer operations.
3–8. Explosives related mishaps
a. Commanders will report mishaps involving DoD military munitions, foreign munitions, commercial (nonstandard) munitions, as well as mishaps involving the use of homemade and similar explosives used in training and RDT&E
(collectively referred to in this sections as munitions).
b. An explosive safety mishap report will be submitted:
(1) For the unintentional or inadvertent functioning of a munition to include the following:
(a) Production, renovation, demilitarization, storage, handling, or transport of munitions on a military installation,
a government-owned government-operated facility, or a GOCO facility.
(b) Range clearance activities, munitions responses, and related activities.
(c) RDT&E activities and tests.
(d) EOD operations, including support of an explosives or munitions emergency.
(e) Training with munitions.
(f) Explosives activities on Civil Works projects (regardless of location).
(2) When munitions cause injuries, death, or unintended property damage during testing, onand off-range.
(3) For a premature initiation or detonation of a munition or the inadvertent actuation, jettisoning, release, or
launching of munitions during training or normal operations.
c. Commanders will provide notification of explosive safety mishaps, conduct an investigation of the mishap, and
submit a mishap report in accordance with requirements of chapter 3.
(1) CG, USACRC will establish a Safety Investigation Board (SIB) limited-use mishap investigation board for
selected class A and class B explosives mishaps.
(2) Senior commanders will form an installation mishap investigation board for class A and B explosive mishaps
that USACRC does not investigate.
(3) Director, USATCES will provide explosives safety subject matter experts (SMEs) for every class A and class
B mishap investigation.
3–9. Mishap classification
Use mishap classes to determine the appropriate safety investigation and reporting requirements. Mishap classes are
listed in paragraphs 3–9a through 3–9f.
a. Class A mishap. An Army mishap in which—
(1) An injury and/or occupational illness results in a fatality or permanent total disability (as defined in the glossary); or
(2) A manned Army aircraft is either destroyed, missing, or abandoned, or
(3) The resulting total cost of property damage to Government and other property is $2.5 million or more.
b. Class B mishap. An Army mishap in which—
(1) An injury and/or occupational illness results in permanent partial disability (as defined in the glossary); or
(2) Three or more personnel are hospitalized as inpatients as the result of a single occurrence; or
(3) The resulting total cost of property damage to Government and other property is $600,000 or more but less than
$2.5 million.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

23

c. Class C mishap. An Army mishap in which—
(1) A nonfatal injury or occupational illness results in 1 or more days away from work or training beyond the day
or shift on which it occurred; or
(2) Temporary disability ensues at any time thereafter, resulting in days away from work and does not meet the
definition of class A or B; or
(3) The resulting total cost of property damage to Government and other property is $60,000 or more but less than
$600,000.
d. Class D mishap. An Army mishap in which—
(1) A nonfatal injury or illness which results in days of restricted work, or transfer to another job, or medical
treatment greater than first aid; or
(2) Medical/clinical duties result in needle stick injuries or cuts from medical instruments contaminated by blood
or other potentially infectious material; or
(3) Medical removal is required under medical surveillance requirements of an OSHA standard; or
(4) Occupational hearing loss exceeds the threshold shift established by 29 CFR 1910.95 and DoDI 6055.12; or
(5) Tuberculosis is contracted associated with work; or
(6) The resulting total cost of property damage is $25,000 or more but less than $60,000.
e. Class E mishap. An Army mishap in which total cost of property damage is $5,000 or more, but less than
$25,000.
f. Class F aviation incident. An aviation incident confined to aircraft turbine engine and drone engine damage due
to unavoidable internal or external foreign object (does not include installed aircraft auxiliary power units).
g. Class G mishap. Biological mishaps are classified as an Army class G biological mishaps, see paragraph 20 – 12.
h. Class H mishap. Chemical mishaps are classified as an Army class H chemical mishap, see paragraph 21– 5.
i. Reporting. Report events meeting the definition of an Army mishap using established mishap reporting methods,
see figure 3– 1.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

24

Figure 3–1. Mishap classification

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

25

3–10. Calculating damage costs for initial classification
a. When initially classifying a mishap, use the estimated cost of damage (ECOD) of all equipment damaged as the
result of the mishap. Authorized maintenance personnel prepare the ECOD and estimated man-hour costs for repair
in accordance with AR 750 –1, DA Pam 750 – 8, DA Pam 738 – 751, and TB 43 – 0002 –3. See figure 3 – 2.
b. The actual cost of damage (ACOD) overrides the ECOD and requires an amendment or change report if resulting
in a reclassification.
c. If the ECOD exceeds the maximum expenditure limit of the equipment, use the equipment replacement cost
found in the Maintenance Master Data File (MMDF), Federal Logistics, or the commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) cost.
d. The logistical disposition of damaged property/equipment (either repaired or replaced) will not negate the requirement to report the mishap.
e. Include the cost of cleaning up the mishap site and recovery of mishap related items.
f. Do not use the estimated scrap or residual value of destroyed equipment to reduce mishap classification.
g. Do not include the cost of damage to equipment or property that is not a direct result of the mishap, including
pre-existing damage found during post-mishap analysis or damage occurring during equipment recovery.
h. Costs peculiar to aviation mishaps include:
(1) Destroyed, missing, or abandoned aircraft. Compute the cost of destroyed, missing, or abandoned Army aircraft per aircraft replacement cost figures obtained from MMDF. Update the cost of aircraft repair in the mishap report
if the depot’s ECOD is significantly different (10 percent or nonrepairable) from the initial or reported ECOD. Include
the cost of all previous modifications.
(2) Cost computation of manned aircraft turbine engines. Compute the cost of damage at 17 percent of the replacement cost of an engine when it requires depot-level repair as the result of a mishap.
(3) Cost computation of helicopter main or tail rotor blades and fixed-wing propeller blades. Compute costs based
on the following criteria:
(a) Calculate destroyed blades at the full unit cost per MMDF.
(b) Blades repaired locally will reflect the ACOD, if known, or the ECOD if ACOD is unknown before the submission of the report. Do not submit ECOD/ACOD early to reduce blade cost.
(c) Calculate repairable blades at 44 percent of the MMDF cost if the repair requires shipment to a depot or other
contract rebuild facility. For example, if returning a repairable blade to depot for repair and the MMDF cost of the
blade were $100,000, the cost of the blade for classification and reporting purposes would be $44,000. Do not include
the cost of the entire blade when the only damage is to tip caps even if an external facility conducts the tip cap replacement.
(4) Aircraft structural damage. Cite the actual cost of structural damage when available. When actual cost cannot
be determined, and structural damage is repairable, use the following calculations:
(a) For minor structural damage not requiring realignment (jigging), use 3 percent of the MMDF aircraft replacement cost.
(b) For major structural damage (for example, extensive damage to fuselage or damage requiring structural realignment), use 6 percent of the MMDF aircraft replacement cost.
(c) For structural damage deemed unrepairable, use the actual cost of the fuselage when available or 40 percent of
the MMDF aircraft replacement cost.
(d) In addition to the percentile calculations, include the costs associated with inspections conducted to determine
the extent of structural damage, including man-hour costs and transportation costs associated with shipment to the
repair facility.
(5) Cost computation of other major components. Compute the repair cost of a major component at 15 percent of
the MMDF cost when damaged to the extent that it must be returned to depot for overhaul or inspection. Verify
whether a component is deemed major, authorized for depot-level repair in the appropriate maintenance technical
manual that lists the component’s source, maintenance, and recoverability (SMR) code. If the 4th position (maintenance code) of the SMR code features either the letter D (requiring depot-level repair) or L (requiring a special repair
facility), calculate the cost of the component at 15 percent of the MMDF cost for the ECOD.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

26

Figure 3–2. Mishap damage cost

Section III
Notification of Army Mishaps
3–11. Initial notification
This section describes initial notification requirements for Army mishaps through command channels to USACRC.
Additionally, this section prescribes federal and other Army notification requirements for Army mishaps or prescribed
incidents. Army personnel involved in or aware of an Army mishap will immediately notify the commander or supervisor directly responsible for the operation, materiel, or persons involved. Standard initial notification requirements
apply to all operating environments. See DA Pam 385 –40 for further instructions on coordinating with other investigations.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

27

a. Initial notification for class A/B and aviation class C mishaps. The Army commander or supervisor who first
becomes aware will make command level notification to the first general court-martial convening authority (GCMCA)
for confirmation and subsequent notification to USACRC, providing initial classification assessment of the mishap.
b. U.S. Army Combat Readiness Center notification. Initial telephonic notification is required for all or potential
class A, B, and aviation C mishaps as follows: commercial (334) 255 –2660/3410, Defense Switched Network (DSN)
(312) 558 – 2660/3410, or alternate commercial (334) 202 – 1580. Notification applies to all operating environments.
Identify substantiating information telephonically; for example, date time group, unit, location, personnel/equipment
involved, and available or potentially substantiating details for a class A, B, or aviation C mishap.
c. Joint Service mishap notification. In the event of an Army mishap which is associated with the operations of
another Service component, the Army commander who first becomes aware will make notification through the chain
of command to USACRC for Army-level coordination with the respective service safety agencies.
d. Civil aircraft involvement. When any Army aircraft mishap (regardless of classification) involves a civil aircraft
or function of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), notify USACRC per paragraph 3–11b.
e. U.S. Department of Labor mishap notification requirements to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
(1) In accordance with 29 CFR 1904.39, the U.S. Army will notify OSHA of injury mishaps involving DA Civilian
personnel, nonappropriated fund personnel, or other civilian employees of the U.S. Army, to include foreign national
personnel.
(2) Command safety offices having reporting authority will make the following notifications to OSHA (in addition
to notifying USACRC):
(a) Civilian employee work-related fatalities within 8 hours of occurrence.
(b) Civilian employee work-related in-patient hospitalization and amputations and loss of an eye within 24 hours
of occurrence.
(3) Notification options are as follows:
(a) Contact the DOL/OSHA area office nearest to the site of the incident.
(b) Dial the OSHA toll free central telephone number 1 – 800 – 321– OSHA (1 – 800 – 321 – 6742).
(c) Submit notification electronically on OSHA public website at https://www.osha.gov/.
(4) Confirm OSHA reporting compliance within mandated timelines when making telephonic notification to
USACRC. Provide the following additional information to ensure DA-level tracking:
(a) Name/DoD identification number.
(b) Job series and title.
(c) Age.
3–12. Additional notification requirements
See table 3 – 1 for other notification and reporting requirements involving mishaps not covered in this chapter.
Table 3–1
Unique mishap notifications —Continued
Sources of additional requirements
Mishap category

This regulation

External notification requirements

Explosives mishap

Chapter 22

DA Pam 385 –64
AR 75–1

Explosive malfunctions
Ionizing radiation

Chapter 16

DoDI 6055.08

Nonionizing radiation

Chapter 17

DoDI 6055.11, DoDI 6055.15

Army rail mishap

Chapter 14

AR 56–3

Nuclear weapon and reactor mishap

Chapter 16

AR 50–5, AR 50 –7

Biological defense mishap

Chapter 20

DA Pam 385 –69

Chemical agent mishap

Chapter 21

DA Pam 385 –61

Maritime (watercraft)

Chapter 15

AR 56–9

Maritime (diving)

Chapter 15

OPNAVINST 3150.27C, OPNAVINST 5102.1D, AR 611 –75

Catastrophic or fatal army civilian mishap

29 CFR 1904.39; DoDI 6055.07, Enclosure 4

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

28

Table 3–1
Unique mishap notifications —Continued
Sources of additional requirements
Mishap category
Facility fire

This regulation

External notification requirements
AR 420–1, DoDI 6055.06

Section IV
Mishap Investigations
3–13. Safety Investigation Board convening authority
a. Convening authority. The SIB convening authority is the commander with GCMCA—
(1) Over the unit or command having operational control or risk approval authority associated with the mishap, or
(2) Over the installation, personnel, or materiel involved in a mishap, or
(3) Having Title 10 USC administrative responsibility. In a combat environment, the safety investigation appointing authority, after consulting with USACRC, may authorize a nonstandard investigation.
b. Involvement of units under different commands. When personnel or materiel involved in a mishap are from units
under different GCMCAs, the convening authorities concerned should agree on who appoints the SIB. The relative
degree of involvement and administrative convenience are considerations for the final decision. If unable to reach an
agreement, the respective commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, or USARC; CNGB; or the DASAF will determine
the convening authority.
c. Geographical dislocation from command. When a mishap occurs away from the responsible unit’s home station, the normal convening authority may request the GCMCA of the installation closest to, or upon which, the mishap
occurred to conduct a safety investigation. Coordination for such a transfer of authority should include specific agreement on funding the cost of the safety investigation.
d. U.S. Army Reserve or Army National Guard. For mishaps involving U.S. Army Reserve (USAR) or ARNG
personnel in active duty training status, assigned, or attached to a command other than USARC or ARNG, the officer
who exercises GCMCA over the mishap site will convene the SIB.
e. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. For USACE mishaps, the convening authority for the SIB will be the division
commander (brigadier general or equivalent).
f. Mishaps involving multiple Services. For a multi-Service or Joint operational mishap, the Army convening authority will contact USACRC as the Army-level authority to carry out coordination with other Services, as established
by DoDI 6055.07. If determined that the U.S. Army will lead the safety investigation, the Army convening authority
will appoint the Joint Service SIB.
g. Contract mishaps. Investigate and report mishaps that occur as a result of a government contractor’s operations
in which there is reported damage to Army property or injury or occupational illness to Army personnel. When multiple DoD components are involved, the contracting DoD component will conduct the safety investigation and report
through Army channels for recording, unless otherwise directed by the DUSD (Installations and Environment).
h. Mishaps involving civil aviation. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigates mishaps involving both Army and civil aircraft that occur within U.S. jurisdiction. The NTSB investigation takes priority, but
USACRC determines whether Army participation or an Army-specific safety investigation is conducted. AF Pam
91 – 206 provides DoD guidance for coordination with the NTSB and FAA.
3–14. Convening authority responsibilities
Upon notification of a class A or B mishap the GCMCA will—
a. Appoint a safety professional or aviation safety officer (ASO) as a unit POC.
b. For class A and class B mishaps, appoint on orders the president and other members of the SIB from organizations outside of the mishap battalion or equivalent size organization. Individuals from the accountable organization
may advise to enhance the safety investigation.
c. Request support from higher headquarters when safety investigation support requirements span beyond his or
her authority.
d. Ensure the primary duty of the appointed SIB is to conduct the mishap investigation and complete the report.
e. Ensure adequate clerical and administrative support is available to assist in the rapid completion of safety investigations.
f. Ensure no member of the SIB has a personal interest in the outcome of the safety investigation.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

29

g. Initiate preliminary actions required by this regulation. At a minimum, these actions include, but are not limited
to:
(1) Secure the mishap scene and take action as required by this regulation.
(2) Obtain copies of personnel, medical, training, and maintenance records for all personnel and equipment directly
involved in the mishap.
(3) Identify potential witnesses and obtain the following witness information: name, rank, unit, and telephone number.
(4) Obtain the SIR, military police Criminal Investigation Division (CID) reports, and appropriate civil reports if
available.
(5) Obtain the name of the medical officer conducting the autopsy and the date, time, and location it will be/was
performed and the results.
(6) Obtain a map that includes the mishap site.
(7) Obtain directives that pertain to the operation that resulted in the mishap.
(8) Obtain an official weather statement (signed by a forecaster).
(9) Confirm personnel security clearances, as necessary, and obtain access for SIB members (such as special clearances to access the mishap scene).
(10) Provide any other data or information requested by the SIB president.
(11) Identify and notify local SIB members.
(12) Publish orders appointing the investigation SIB.
(13) SIB members who are delegated to deploy into a combat zone for Army safety investigation purposes will be
attached (for all administrative and logistical support) to the ASCC.
(14) Fund all support costs of the safety mishap investigation.
(15) Provide administrative and logistical support for the SIB.
(16) Coordinate logistical support, to include recovery of the wreckage and resources necessary to ship components
to the appropriate Army depot or laboratory for teardown analysis, and special conveyance (such as tactical vehicles
or aircraft, if required) to transport the SIB members to the mishap scene.
3–15. Safety Investigation Board composition
a. Investigate the following mishaps with an SIB consisting of a minimum of three members (see table 3 – 2):
(1) All on-duty class A and class B mishaps.
(2) Any mishap the appointing authority or the Commander, USACRC believes may involve a potential hazard
serious enough to warrant a safety investigation by a multimember board.
b. Personnel appointed as board members for the conduct of a safety investigation will be available for and give
priority to the conduct of the mishap investigation and associated requirements to ensure prompt completion.
c. The following mishaps do not require formal board appointment orders; they will be investigated by one or more
officers, warrant officers, NCOs, supervisors, or safety specialists or managers:
(1) All off-duty Soldier mishaps.
(2) Class C, D, and E mishaps and class F aviation incidents.
d. USACRC is the sole authority for requesting other Army, other Service component, Federal Government, or
public or commercial agency support for safety investigations. An SIB may incorporate personnel of other Services
as members of an Army SIB; however, members from other Services may not serve in a board president role for an
Army-led SIB.
e. For on-duty class A and B mishaps, individuals appointed as SIB members will not be assigned to or under the
battalion or battalion-equivalent organization that incurred the mishap.
(1) Local advisors will normally consist of a POC from the organization incurring the mishap. In mishaps involving
equipment unique to a unit or organization, such that external technical expertise is unavailable, unit technical personnel may be used at the discretion of the SIB President, but in an advisory capacity only.
(2) A class A or B SIB President will be an officer (major or above), warrant officer (CW4 or above), or DA
Civilian (GS– 12 or above) who is trained or familiar with the equipment or operational aspects associated with the
mishap.
(3) One SIB member will be a graduate of a USACRC-approved mishap investigation course to serve as an investigation technical SME for the SIB.
(4) Requirements for SMEs are as follows:
(a) A medical professional is required for mishaps involving personal injuries or issues associated with PPE, egress,
medical evacuation, rescue, or survivability. In the case of an on-duty DA Civilian mishap, a medical advisor is

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

30

sufficient. A physician or physician assistant is required for ground mishaps. A flight surgeon is required for aviation
mishaps.
(b) A maintenance NCO, warrant officer, or DA Civilian personnel maintenance technician familiar with the equipment is required if materiel is involved.
(c) A qualified weather officer is required if/when weather is a suspected contributing factor.
(d) For watercraft mishaps, an Army marine warrant officer (deck/engineer or both) or a DA Civilian personnel
member, qualified in or familiar with boat operations, navigation, and boating safety is required.
(e) For Army rail equipment mishaps, a designated supervisor of locomotives expert and/or a Defense nontactical
generator and rail expert will be designated as board member, as pertinent to the focus of the safety investigation.
(f) For airborne mishaps, board members will include a currently rated senior jumpmaster (for either static line or
freefall) and an airdrop systems technician in the grade of CW2 or higher.
(g) For explosive mishaps, board members will include a quality assurance specialist (ammunition surveillance)
(QASAS) or an ammunition warrant officer.
(h) For Army diving mishaps, at least one board member will be a currently rated (combat or engineer) master
diver, qualified in the operation of related dive equipment, and the medical officer will a physician specializing in
aerospace medicine or other medical officer with dive medicine or hyperbaric medicine experience.
(i) Class A and class B aviation mishap requirements are as follows:
1. Manned aircraft mishap.
a) One member will be a master or senior Army aviator.
b) One member will be qualified in the mission, type, design, and series of the aircraft involved (if the master/senior
aviator is not).
2. Unmanned aircraft systems.
a) One member will be an Army ASO.
b) One member will be a UAS military occupational specialty (MOS)-qualified operator in the grade of E –6 or
higher.
c) One member will be a standardization operator/pilot.
Table 3–2
Board composition —Continued
Position

Rank

Special Qualifications

Board President

Officer (major or above), warrant
officer (CW4 or above), or DA Civilian (GS –12 or above)

Ground, Airborne, Maritime,
Marine (Diving), Vehicle or
Equipment, Explosives,
Rail, Aviation 1, UAS

Board Recorder

Staff sergeant or above

Ground, Airborne, Maritime,
Marine (Diving), Vehicle or
Equipment, Explosives,
Rail, Aviation 1, UAS

Board Medical Officer

Captain or above

Physician or physician assistant for
ground, flight surgeon required for
aviation, and physician specializing
in aerospace medicine or other medical officer with hyperbaric medicine
or dive medicine experience for diving.

Ground, Airborne, Maritime,
Marine (Diving), Vehicle or
Equipment, Explosives,
Rail, Aviation, UAS

Safety Professional 2

CW2, GS –11, or above

USACRC-approved mishap investigation course

Ground, Airborne, Maritime,
Marine (Diving), Vehicle or
Equipment, Explosives,
Rail, Aviation, UAS

SMEs

Mishap complexity dependent

Familiar with equipment and/or operation involved

Ground, Airborne 4, Marine
(Diving), Vehicle or Equipment, Explosives, Rail

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

Profession

31

Table 3–2
Board composition —Continued
Position

Rank

Special Qualifications

Profession

Maintenance Officer

CW3 or above

Ground: familiar with mishap equipment
Aviation: qualified in mission type,
design, and series of aircraft

Maritime, Vehicle or Equipment, Aviation, UAS 3

Senior Aviator

CW2 or above

Qualified in mission, type, design,
and series of aircraft involved

Aviation 2

Technical Inspector

Staff sergeant or above

Qualified in mission, type, design,
and series of aircraft involved

Aviation, UAS

Air Drop Systems Tech

CW2 or above

Familiar with type of parachute

Airborne

Jumpmaster

Sergeant first class or above

Senior parachutist

Airborne

Master Diver

Sergeant first class or above

Combat or engineer depending on
mission

Marine (Diving)

Senior Deck Officer

CW2 or above

Maritime

QASAS or Ammunition
Warrant Officer

CW2, GS –11, or above

Explosives

UAS Operator

Staff sergeant or above

UAS

Weather Officer 4

Technical sergeant or above

Ground, Airborne, Maritime,
Marine (Diving), Vehicle or
Equipment, Explosives,
Rail, Aviation, UAS

Notes:
1

Military trained aviator.

2

Safety professional not required if one member of the Board has attended USACRC mishap investigation course to meet this requirement.

3

UAS qualified maintenance officer is rank immaterial.

4

As required depending on mishap circumstances.

3–16. Support of Army mishap investigations
a. Safety representatives. Local safety representatives’ duties and responsibilities include:
(1) Providing the local SIB with a mishap investigation kit and/or other equipment necessary to conduct the investigation.
(2) Advising the SIB on technical aspects of the investigation and reporting of the mishap.
(3) Helping the SIB obtain other technical assistance as required.
(4) Advising the SIB of administrative procedures concerning mishap reports. For example, command channel
review and forwarding correspondence.
(5) Providing regulatory documents and directives for mishap investigation and reporting.
(6) Providing necessary interpretation of local regulations and directives.
(7) Helping the SIB president in obtaining administrative support such as workspace, connectivity, and supplies.
(8) Providing initial classification for the mishap.
b. Commanders. Commanders assigned responsibility for the conduct or support of a safety investigation will
ensure the following assistance is provided to the president of the SIB, if needed:
(1) Public affairs officer. Handle press representatives and public information releases.
(2) Provost Marshal office. Provide guards, traffic control, and site security for the mishap scene. As required,
serve as liaison with local law enforcement, provide mishap information from DA Form 3946 (Military Police Traffic
Accident Report), traffic citation history, traffic flow information, and daily blotters.
(3) Weather officer. Obtain complete weather, preferably a U.S. Air Force-weather generated meteorological terminal aviation report (METAR), specific to the time and location of the mishap. The METAR is distributed to all DoD
air traffic control agencies.
(4) Transportation and movement. Provide assistance in transportation to and from the mishap site and expeditious
shipment of components selected for tear down analysis.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

32

c. Garrison organizations. For example, the director of industrial operations and the director of public works.
Support mishap investigations as required.
d. Technical/materiel assistance.
(1) The SIB President has the authority to request technical assistance from support agencies under the authority
of or available to the convening authority; for example, fuel and oil analysis.
(2) The SIB will request assistance from USACRC for technical support that lies externally to convening authority’s jurisdiction (see para 3–15d).
(3) The USACRC retains digital source collection download and animation responsibility for the U.S. Army in
response to aviation mishaps. Aviation SIBs requiring digital source collection download assistance and enhancement
in conjunction with safety investigations are able to contact the USACRC Digital Collection, Investigation, and Analysis Laboratory directly at commercial (334) 255 –1641 or DSN (312) 558 –1641.
3–17. Mishap scene preservation
a. General. Safety professionals will assist commanders in the preservation of the mishap site and coordinate with
criminal investigators and military police to preserve evidence for the safety investigations. The criminal investigation
has primacy over safety and other investigations; therefore, the U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Division (USACID)
retains authority over a mishap scene and related evidence until conclusion of the criminal investigation, at which time
the authority falls to the SIB board president until completion of the safety investigation. However, AR 195 –2 encourages close coordination between investigators to the maximum legal extent possible to improve the outcome of
all investigations.
b. Initial actions at the mishap scene. Mishap scene security and safety take precedence to facilitate safe access
for rescue and recovery personnel, as well as military police and USACID personnel.
c. Aircraft and military materiel/equipment considerations. Access to initial mishap scenes may be required for
unique considerations; for example, time-sensitive recovery of systems, such as digital/telemetry recording devices,
or those systems posing HAZMAT concerns. Such cases are generally addressed to the initial responders by those
personnel under regulatory authority to access mishap scenes but will be coordinated through the authorities and investigators controlling the scene.
Section V
External Investigations and Information Handling
3–18. Actions when criminal activity is suspected
a. If, during the safety investigation, the SIB discovers evidence of criminal activity that is causal or associated
with the mishap, the SIB president will immediately suspend the investigation and notify the safety investigation
convening authority and the Commander, USACRC at commercial phone number (334) 255 – 2660/3410, DSN (312)
558 – 2660/3410, or alternate (334) 202 – 1580.
b. If the convening authority cites the event as an intentional criminal act and suspends the SIB, the SIB will
provide the following to the military police or criminal investigation team assuming control:
(1) All physical items under the custody of the SIB.
(2) All official records and documentation under the custody of the SIB, documented on DA Form 4137 (Evidence/Property Custody Document).
(3) Records of all personnel identified as witnesses or possibly involved personnel, to include SIB-prepared summaries of witness interviews that were conducted without a promise of confidentiality (see para 3– 20).
Note. Criminal investigations and safety mishap investigations may proceed concurrently for a mishap. While a legal
investigation may cite criminal negligence or manslaughter as a factor associated with a mishap, it is still a reportable
mishap unless there was intent to inflict injury or cause damage (see para 3 – 3).
3–19. Legal investigations of mishaps
a. Legal mishap investigations are essential to protect confidential safety information and to maintain the integrity
of the safety investigation. Appointing authorities, depending on the type of incidents, should grant safety investigations priority over other Army regulatory investigations.
b. AR 15 – 6 authorizes the conduct of command-appointed investigations into serious events concurrently with
safety investigations. Administrative investigations for litigation, disciplinary or administrative action, or claims
against the U.S. Army in association with mishaps are conducted separately from safety investigations. Such investigations allow for the preservation of information and investigation determinations independently of safety

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

33

investigations, thereby protecting the privileged nature of safety reports. The commander (convening authority) experiencing a mishap has the dual authority to direct both concurrently, thereby ensuring comprehensive reports for both
administrative action and mishap prevention, respectively.
c. Commanders will not assign personnel occupying a full-time safety position to legal mishap investigations. Legal investigators may consult with safety personnel who are not conducting a safety investigation of the same mishap
for their expertise when necessary.
d. A commander whose personnel or equipment or whose operations resulted in a mishap may conduct a legal
mishap investigation. Refer to AR 27 – 20 or AR 15 – 6 for this type of investigation.
e. A legal mishap investigation is conducted—
(1) For all class A mishaps.
(2) As directed by a local commander, based on legal counsel according to AR 27 – 20.
(3) For those mishaps in which there is a potential claim or litigation for or against the U.S. Government or a
government contractor.
(4) For mishaps with a high degree of public interest or anticipated disciplinary or adverse administrative action.
(5) When a line of duty investigation satisfies the requirement for legal investigations of off-duty fatalities.
3–20. Access to information from other investigations
Other types of investigations may run concurrently with the safety investigation, but the SIB has regulatory access to
information accrued through other investigations.
a. Military police or CID retain chain of custody of physical evidence during active criminal investigations, but
respective SIBs will be authorized access, as necessary, for the comprehensive completion of the safety investigation.
The following will be made available:
(1) Photographs and witness statements collected by military police or CID when determined that release will not
jeopardize a criminal investigation.
(2) Personnel and medical records of personnel involved in the mishap and maintenance records on the equipment
involved in the mishap.
(3) Laboratory reports provided by CID laboratories. Whenever possible, CID personnel will telephonically alert
the SIB president to laboratory determinations when received. CID laboratories will support SIB requests for further
analysis if deemed necessary for the safety investigation. Results of additional testing will be deemed common source
factual data to be made available to other investigative bodies by the SIB unless the results clearly reveal a deliberative
process or deduction made by the SIB.
b. Legal mishap investigation exhibits and documentation, including that of investigations conducted under the
provisions of AR 15 – 6, will be shared with the SIB at the request of the board president.
3–21. Access to information collected by safety mishap investigation boards
a. The president of an SIB conducted under the provisions of this regulation will provide other authorized Army
investigative bodies full access to all nonprivileged information and artifacts collected by the board.
b. The SIB president will not provide:
(1) Witness summaries completed pursuant to a promise of confidentiality.
(2) Preliminary or final board findings and recommendations.
(3) Voice recordings of intra-cockpit communications (without authorization from the Commander, USACRC and
without operations security screening by the respective command).
c. Paragraph 3–21b is punitive. Violations of paragraph 3–21b are separately punishable as a violation of a lawful
general regulation under UCMJ, Art. 92. Penalties for violating this paragraph include the full range of statutory and
regulatory sanctions, both criminal and administrative. Violations by DA Civilians may result in administrative disciplinary actions without regard to otherwise applicable criminal or civil sanctions for violations of related laws.
3–22. Privileged safety information, restrictions, and promise of confidentiality
a. For a safety investigation, privileged safety information includes:
(1) Information given to a safety investigator pursuant to a promise of confidentiality and any information derived
from that information or direct or indirect references to that information.
(2) Products of deliberative processes of safety investigators, including:
(a) Draft and final findings, evaluations, opinions, preliminary discussions, conclusions, mishap causes, recommendations, analyses, and other material that would reveal the deliberations of safety investigators.
(b) Draft and final diagrams and exhibits if they contain information that depicts the analysis of safety investigators.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

34

(c) Animations that incorporate privileged safety information. Uninterpreted animations made exclusively from
flight recorder raw data, including military flight operations quality assurance data, are not protected by the safety
privilege and are generally releasable. However, prior to release, especially in cases where the product is derived from
aggregate data, such animations must be reviewed for sensitive national security content. Animations found to include
information that could compromise national security to any degree must be handled appropriately.
(d) Photographs, films, and videotapes that are staged, reconstructed, or simulated reenactments of possible or
probable scenarios developed by or for the analysis of the safety investigator. However, photographs depicting a
measuring device or object contrasted against mishap evidence for the sole purpose of demonstrating the size or scale
of the evidence are not considered privileged safety information and may be released.
(e) Life sciences material that contains analysis by a safety investigator.
(f) Notes taken by safety investigators in the course of their investigation, whether or not they are incorporated,
either directly or by reference, in the final safety investigation report.
(g) Reviews and endorsements of safety investigation reports.
b. In accordance with DoDI 6055.07, the U.S. Army authorizes the promise of confidentiality in the conduct of
witness interviews for select safety mishap investigations. This is intended to encourage frank and open communication with personnel involved in or witnessing a mishap. Summaries of witness interviews given pursuant to a promise
of confidentiality are privileged information in the safety report and will be protected by the U.S. Army to the greatest
extent permissible under appellate review against court order to release the respective report for any legal proceedings.
Promises of confidentiality—
(1) May be given by safety investigators in all investigations of aviation mishaps, friendly fire mishaps, and mishaps involving complex systems and military-unique items, operations, or exercises.
(2) Must be explicit, documented, and given only as needed. Safety investigators must inform the witness that the
promise of confidentiality applies only to information given to the safety investigator and not to the same information
if given to others.
(3) May be authorized in individual cases when the mishap’s causal factors are determined to be in the interest of
national security. The authority to extend a promise of confidentiality pursuant to this paragraph is delegated to the
Commander, USACRC.
(4) Will be extended in accordance with the mandatory procedures in DA Pam 385 – 40.
3–23. Release of information from safety mishap investigation reports
a. The Commander, USACRC is delegated authority from the SECARMY to act as the initial denial authority on
requests for information from Army safety mishap reports. Refer all requests for safety mishap reports, made under
the provisions of the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), through command channels to Commander, U.S. Army
Combat Readiness Center (CSSC – SS), Ruf Avenue, Building 4905, Fort Rucker, AL 36362 – 5363. USACRC is the
repository for all safety reports.
b. The USACRC command judge advocate must verify release of privileged safety information. SECARMY is the
authority to assert the privilege to oppose any court-ordered release of privileged safety information for all investigations.
c. Only the Commander, USACRC is authorized to sanitize and release a safety mishap report. Refer requests
received directly from members of Congress or their staffs for access to safety reports to Office of the Chief of Legislative Liaison, 1600 Army Pentagon, Washington, DC 20310 – 0107 for compliance with the provisions of DoDI
6055.07.
d. Requests to access safety reports from non-DoD federal agencies are governed by other provisions of this regulation and, in many instances, by interagency agreements or specific regulations (for example, AF Pam 91 – 206 governs the release of information to the FAA). Command and garrison safety offices that receive such requests will
contact their local staff judge advocate or legal advisor, or USACRC command judge advocate by phone at commercial (334) 255 – 2924, DSN 558 – 2924, or via email at [email protected] for
guidance.
e. Requests from foreign militaries for privileged safety information or Army safety mishap reports will be made
from respective military service agencies.
(1) Neither privileged nor sanitized safety information will be shared without a reciprocal international agreement
established between USACRC and the Foreign Defense Organization (see DoDI 6055.07, Enclosure 5).
(2) Absent a reciprocal international agreement, refer respective foreign government requests to the DCS, G – 2 via
the designated attaché/foreign liaison officer.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

35

f. Subpoenas for the provision of safety mishap reports or for the testimony of mishap investigators will be referred
to the recipient’s legal advisor or staff judge advocate for action in accordance with AR 27 – 40, in consultation with
USACRC command judge advocate.
g. Requests for access to safety mishap reports from other Army agencies and DoD organizations are governed by
the restrictions in this paragraph.
(1) The requester must state the reason the information is needed and the purpose for which it will be used. If the
requester’s purpose is not solely for mishap prevention and a legal investigation was conducted, the requester will
state the reason the legal investigation will not satisfy the requester’s need.
(2) If the requester’s sole purpose for requesting the report is mishap prevention, the entire report may be released
without written nondisclosure warning. However, the requester will be advised that further disclosure is not authorized.
(3) If the requester intends to use the information for any purpose other than mishap prevention, disclose only
common source data, the names of witnesses, photographs, diagrams, and the results of scientific or technical tests.
The following will not be released:
(a) The report’s findings, recommendations, and the investigators’ analysis.
(b) The content of witness summaries (including those of witnesses not promised confidentiality).
(c) Medical records, unless the requestor meets the requirements of AR 40 – 66.
h. In addition to OSHA reporting forms, a copy of the nonprivileged portions of the respective safety mishap report
for which a DA Civilian is injured or property is damaged in a DA Civilian’s work area may be provided to the
exclusive representative of the employee involved and to the appropriate safety and health committee, if requested.
This information is provided for purposes of safety and/or mishap prevention only.
i. Release of privileged safety information as defined in paragraphs 3 – 20 and 3 – 21 is punitive. Violations are
separately punishable as a violation of a lawful general regulation under UCMJ, Art. 92. Violations by DA Civilians
may result in administrative disciplinary actions without regard to otherwise applicable criminal or civil sanctions for
violations of related laws.
j. DoD contractors may have access to particular privileged safety information in furtherance of an articulated
safety purpose related to specific projects or contracts. Under no circumstances will a DoD contractor not working in
direct support of an Army safety mishap investigation have access to information (the witness statement) given to a
safety investigator pursuant to a promise of confidentiality or to any direct references to that information or to any
information that could be used to identify the source who provided the information. Prior to granting a DoD contractor
access to any privileged safety information, ask the contractor, in its corporate capacity, to execute a nondisclosure
agreement—
(1) That identifies the privileged safety information at issue.
(2) That articulates the reasons the contractor needs access to the privileged safety information and describes permitted uses.
(3) That articulates the specific rules with regard to reproducing privileged safety information.
(4) In which the contractor agrees:
(a) To acknowledge Army-approved methods for the handling and storage of and the use requirements for privileged safety information.
(b) To protect the privileged safety information from unauthorized users or release, including in litigation.
(c) To grant access to the privileged safety information only to those contractor employees with a need to know.
(d) To assume full responsibility for its employees’ actions with regard to the privileged safety information.
(e) To return or destroy, and include evidence of destruction, all privileged safety information when no longer
required or when requested by the U.S. Army.
(f) That violating the terms of the nondisclosure agreement may result in suspension of access to privileged safety
information and any other sanctions allowed under the law or the contract.
(g) To the rules regarding copying or otherwise reproducing the privileged safety information.
(h) To proper storage of privileged safety information in a manner to prevent unauthorized access.
(i) That privileged safety information will be used solely for meeting the requirements of its contract.
(j) To forward any requests for information provided under a nondisclosure agreement to USACRC, including
FOIA and media requests.
(k) To prior nondisclosure agreements signed by all contractor employees having access to privileged safety information, mirroring the provisions of the contractor nondisclosure agreement.
(5) That is reviewed by the command’s staff judge advocate or legal counsel prior to execution.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

36

Section VI
Requirements for Processing and Review of Mishap Reports
3–24. Safety mishap investigation report timeline
a. The timeline for completion of mishap reporting to USACRC is 90 days from the date of occurrence. This
pertains to all classification reporting and in accordance with ASMIS 2.0 Mishap and Near-miss Reporting Tool
(https://mishap.safety.army.mil).
b. Request extensions telephonically or via email at [email protected].
3–25. Reviewing and processing mishap reports
a. Command review. The commander of the unit involved or the commander of the supervisor directly responsible
for the operation, material, or persons involved in the mishap is normally the initial reviewing official.
(1) Commanders will structure reviewer protocol, based on classification of mishaps and digital or hard copy processes, to finalize/close-out safety reports as official Army records, maintained by USACRC.
(2) Reviewing officials within the chain of command will provide written acknowledgment of recommendations
identified pursuant to a safety investigation, as well as responsive actions or basis for rejection.
(3) Convening authority safety staffs will ensure comprehensive staffing, regulatory compliance, and finalization
of class A and B mishap safety reports for approval at ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and ARNG levels.
b. Approval authority. Commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and USARC and the CNGB (or their designated
representatives) will provide written concurrence or nonconcurrence for each finding and recommendation made by
the respective SIBs for all class A and class B mishaps and provide written approval for USACRC/DA-level acceptance and entry as Army safety records.
c. Processing. SIBs will process and present report data, including all supporting documentation, in accordance
with mandatory procedures in DA Pam 385 – 40 and current reporting formats or applications.
(1) Installation-level and convening authority safety directors will support subordinate commands or tenant activities without assigned safety staff.
(2) Accomplish digital report transmissions by encrypted/secured means to protect personally identifiable information and privileged safety information.
3–26. Amendments or corrections to mishap investigation reports
a. Report events that change the classification for previously submitted mishap reports such as injury status (increased or decreased degree of injury) or damage (increases/decreases to ACODs/ECODs). Provide substantiating
documentation when requesting a downgrade.
b. Report changes to previously submitted safety reports in the interest of record accuracy, such as dates, locations,
history of events, or other contributing data affecting the validity of a mishap record.
3–27. Headquarters, Department of the Army mishap evaluation, review, and action
The Commander, USACRC will review all mishap reports for regulatory and technical compliance.
a. The Commander, USACRC will evaluate all DoD and DA-level findings and recommendations for entry into
the recommendation and tracking system. The Commander, USACRC will—
(1) Establish and maintain a formal automated system to track actions on DA-level recommendations from mishap
reports.
(2) Provide written notification to the command, organizations, or agency responsible for implementing or initiating corrective action on DA-level mishap recommendations.
b. Commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, USARC, PEOs, DA Staff agencies and activities, and the CNGB
will—
(1) Establish and maintain formal tracking history on actions on DA-level recommendations from mishap reports
for which they are responsible.
(2) Establish and maintain a formal system to track actions taken on unit level and higher-level recommendations
from class A and B mishap reports for units, organizations, agencies, or activities under their respective command or
control.
c. Upon receipt of written notification of recommendations, the responsible DA-level organization will provide
telephonic acknowledgment within 5 working days and an initial response to USACRC within 60 calendar days as to

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

37

corrective action initiated or planned. Interim and follow-up reports are required every 90 days after initial response
until the action is closed.
d. Return all DA-level recommendations not accepted or implemented by the responsible command, organization,
agency, or activity to the Commander, USACRC with supporting rationale within 60 calendar days after the date on
the letter of transmittal.
3–28. Maintaining mishap investigation reports
In accordance with AR 25 – 400 – 2, USACRC will retain all mishap reports for a minimum of 10 years. All other
organizations will retain safety records for the current and previous 5 FYs.

Chapter 4
Safety and Occupational Health Audits, Assessments, and Inspections
4–1. Army-level safety and occupational health audits
The Commander, USACRC will conduct quadrennial audits of all ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and ARNG. Safety programs are audited to ensure ASOHP is integrated into the organization’s mission based on federal law, DoD issuances,
and Army regulations. These audits are programmatic to measure the overall effectiveness of management controls
for integrating the ASOHP into their business process and mission execution based on performance indicators and
metrics. Compliance issues may be used as a measure of effectiveness but are not the primary focus of the audit. The
CG, USACRC will coordinate and schedule all audits. See DA Pam 385 – 10 for mandatory procedures.
4–2. Safety and occupational health assessments
a. Commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, and DRUs and the CNGB will develop a process that ensures each subordinate organization meets the ASOHMS criteria and is assessed by an independent external audit every 4 years and selfassessments are conducted annually.
b. Commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, and DRUs and the CNGB will develop and implement a program that ensures
each subordinate organization ASOHP is formally assessed by the parent command every 4 years, at a minimum.
Assessment will evaluate integration of ASOHP into planning, preparation, and execution of the command ASOHP
based on federal, DoD, Army, and command regulations.
4–3. Safety and occupational health inspections
a. Standards established by DA, DoD, and OSHA ensure personnel are provided a safe and healthful environment
in which to work. Inspections are conducted at the organization level based on higher headquarters guidance and
results reported through the chain of command. The command’s safety office will manage the standard Army safety
and occupational health inspection (SASOHI). The SASOHI identifies hazards and ensures that SOPs are developed,
published, and integrated for each workplace/operation within their area of responsibility.
b. Qualified SOH personnel or specially trained personnel competent to conduct the inspection will conduct safety
inspections at least annually using the mandatory procedures in DA Pam 385 – 10.
(1) Conduct announced and unannounced safety inspections to evaluate how well safety and health standards are
being executed, implemented, and maintained.
(2) Inspect facilities, operations, or workplaces with higher risks or elevated mishap experience, for special emphasis programs, for changing operations or organizations, or for other events that indicate increased risk operations
more frequently as determined by qualified SOH personnel.
(3) Inspect each type of Army operation that has specific safety requirements. For example, a biological defense
laboratory has very specific requirements which are followed. These requirements, set forth in chapter 20, the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)’s Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL), the
National Institutes of Health (NIH) Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant Deoxyribonucleic acid, and other
federal, state, and local laws and regulations are adhered to for the various type of biological laboratories and their
level of operations (see mandatory SASOHI procedures in DA Pam 385 – 10).
c. Commanders will develop a standard SOH inspection based on federal, DoD, Army, and parent unit requirements, including any potential hazards associated with specific operations. Commanders of tenant activities are responsible for conducting SOH inspections unless alternate arrangements have been codified in the installation service
support agreement.
d. Personnel conducting these inspections will have access to diagnostic equipment and to personnel necessary to
identify, document, and analyze the significance of the hazards discovered during the inspection. Make current

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

38

reference materials pertinent to the work site, such as standards, regulations, SOPs, hazard analyses and job hazard
analysis (JHA), risk assessments, safety data sheets (SDSs), and technical and field manuals readily available.
e. A representative of the official in charge of a workplace and an authorized representative of DA Civilian employees are given the opportunity to accompany the inspector during the physical inspection of workplaces. Commanders or their designated representative may deny the right of accompaniment to any person who, in their judgment,
will interfere with the inspection.
f. Supervisors will monitor and report progress on the abatement of hazards within their operation to the SOH
manager.
g. The inspection team will prepare a report of their findings. This report will describe conditions of the Army
operation/workplace, both positive and negative. Provide the inspection results to the commander. Upon receipt of
findings commanders will manage them to correction. Record deficiencies found during inspections and not corrected
on-the-spot on DA Form 4754 (Violation Inventory Log) or equivalent. The inspection team will develop abatement
recommendations for groups of common deficiencies that address failures in the areas of standards, support, leadership, training, and individual.
h. Inspections of workplaces in contractor activities where fewer than 25 DA personnel are employed will be at
the discretion of the ACOM, ASCC, or DRU commander or CNGB based on existing conditions. While no formal
annual inspection is required, commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and USARC and the CNGB are required to
ensure the health and safety of their DA Civilians working in contractor facilities.
i. Commands/establishments/units located off of a military installation in a commercial rented facility will be inspected in accordance with lease agreements. But at a minimum, USOs will conduct annual operational work site
inspections to ensure the health and safety of their staff. Coordination of inspections and/or findings with facility
owners/managers are encouraged for shared space.
4–4. Metrics
a. Commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, and DRUs will develop ASOHP metrics that include both quantitative and
qualitative measures. Examples of metrics include rate of mishap occurrence, severity and cost, compliance with reporting requirements, corrective action completion rate, regular work site walkthrough inspections for safety, training
program, management solicitation, and use of and feedback of ARAP comments.
b. Each safety office will determine the metrics most appropriate for measuring the effectiveness of its safety program.
c. Record data for each metric and review with the commander as part of the commander’s regular oversight process.
4–5. Abatement plan for corrective actions
Commanders of each ACOM, ASCC, and DRU will develop a process for tracking and corrective actions. The safety
office will use a tracking system to record deficiencies reported or identified. Analyze all hazards to determine the
degree of risk using Army-approved risk assessment techniques. Assign a priority for correcting hazards. Tracking
and corrective actions will include:
a. Assess hazards in terms of hazard severity and mishap probability and assign a RAC (see chap 6 and ATP 5 – 19).
Consider cost of correction, future intended use of the facility, and availability of desirable alternative methods of
control. F&ES and SOH personnel will coordinate to ensure that hazards identified by those organizations are entered
into appropriate abatement plans according to AR 420 – 1.
b. Eliminate hazards on a worst-first basis. Prepare an abatement plan for each RAC 1 or 2 hazard whose correction
will exceed 30 days. Individual deficiencies of an identical character may be grouped together into a single abatement
plan or into an associated abatement project. Keep plans current by adding new projects and by placing completed
projects in a completed projects section of the abatement plan. Required abatement corrections outside of command
control and resourcing should be coordinated with the ISO for appropriate actions and prioritization. The command
element involved will approve abatement plans.
c. Ensure interim control measures are being implemented.
d. Post copies of abatement plans.
e. Report violations that are the responsibility of another organization, DoD element, or outside agency to the
responsible official for action.
f. Abatement plans are subject to review by HQDA, OSHA, and union representatives.
g. Report the status of the abatement plan/corrective actions to the commander upon completion of the inspection
and on a regular basis thereafter until all high priority corrective actions are implemented. Brief the status of abatement

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

39

plan/corrective actions at all SOHACs until closed out if feasible. Report lesser priority corrective actions implementation progress as directed by the commander, through periodic briefings or written reports.
h. Hazard abatement funding will ensure:
(1) Command operating plans and budgets will include appropriate planning, programming, and resources to correct RAC 1 and 2 hazards from the abatement plan according to abatement priority numbers and any supplemental
DA program guidance. When abatement projects require military construction funds or exceed local funding ceilings,
the local commander will submit appropriate funding requests through command channels.
(2) Generally, funding is accomplished from local operations and maintenance monies or overhead funds in industrially funded activities. Installations that are RDT&E funded will program funding for hazard abatement.
4–6. Occupational Safety and Health Administration inspections
a. DOL/OSHA may conduct inspections at any time in accordance with DoDI 6055.01, 29 CFR 1960, EO 12196,
and within the scope of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. OSHA officials and National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) officials, acting as representatives of the Secretary of Labor, are authorized
to conduct announced or unannounced inspections of all workplaces except those identified as military-unique workplaces.
b. Commanders, their designated representatives, or SOH managers will admit DOL representatives to conduct
inspections at selected workplaces in a reasonable manner without delay during normal working hours. Inform the
commander immediately upon notification of DOL visit.
c. DOL representatives will initially report to the host commander or designated representative and are accompanied at all times on the Army installation. They must show proof of appropriate security clearance if entry into closed
areas is required. The SOH manager will arrange a closing conference with the installation or activity commander or
command designee before the DOL inspector’s departure. Invite employee representatives to attend the opening and
closing conference.
d. DOL representatives will, upon request, be provided available safety and health information on worksites. Such
information may include data on HAZMAT in use, copies of recent DoD inspection or survey reports, mishap reports,
and abatement project information.
e. When DOL representatives issue OSHA 2H Form (Notice of Unsafe or Unhealthful Working Conditions), local
officials should treat such notices in the same manner as similar internal notices and provide for abatement of significant deficiencies. Commands that receive an OSHA 2H Form will immediately transmit copies through command
channels to the Army’s DASHO, the ASA (IE&E). The OSHA 2H Form will assist in developing appropriate DA
policy in the SOH program.
f. Response to DOL inspection reports will originate at the local level. Elevation of unresolved conflicts to higher
echelons for interagency resolution will be at DOL’s initiative via DOL channels. This provision, however, will not
inhibit normal internal communication within command channels to appraise higher echelons of the results of DOL
inspections and coordinate responses to DOL.
g. With respect to investigation of Army mishaps, which is solely a DoD responsibility under EO 12196, upon
request provide DOL officials factual portions of pertinent mishap investigation reports as outlined in chapter 3. DOL
officials, upon request, may also accompany Army mishap investigators in an observer status. Separate, duplicate
DOL investigations of Army mishaps, either concurrent with or subsequent to required Army investigations, are not
expected. DOL officials may, however, inspect for residual hazardous conditions at the site of an Army mishap.
h. Inspection of contractor workplaces by federal and state representatives are accomplished according to DoDI
6055.01 and 29 CFR 1960.

Chapter 5
Training and Promotion Requirements
Section I
Training
5–1. Introduction
Commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and USARC and the CNGB will define the process for each organization
to conduct an SOH training needs assessment and conduct an annual review to determine the adequacy of training
provided and then make any necessary changes based on the review. This chapter establishes the training and

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

40

promotion requirements for safety support during Army operations. Policy and procedures for integrating an SOH
training and promotion program will be prescribed in accordance with 29 CFR 1960.
a. SOH training programs will consist of:
(1) Training needs assessments based on subordinate organizations mission and operational needs.
(2) Required training in accordance with training needs assessments.
(3) Training support packages.
(4) Annual review to determine adequacy of training.
b. Promotion programs will consist of:
(1) Safety awards.
(2) Seasonal safety.
(3) Employee workplace safety awareness.
(4) Media and social communication tools (for example Public Affairs Office, websites, and posters).
5–2. Required safety and occupational health training
a. Army leaders, commanders, directors, and managers will be provided SOH and RM training orientation and
other learning experience as prescribed in paragraphs 5–2b through 5–2d to enable them to execute their SOH and
RM responsibilities unique to their organization’s mission. Army personnel will be trained in areas needed to safely
execute their tasks. Training will include discussion on task steps, potential hazards, control measures to mitigate
hazards, and PPE requirements. Initial training will be conducted prior to the employees being exposed to hazards.
b. Supervisors must provide training in the RM skills needed to implement the organization’s ASOHP. A list of
RM online training is available on USACRC website https://safety.army.mil/training-courses/online-training under
“Training Courses.” These skills include fostering a workplace where:
(1) Hazards are identified, eliminated, or mitigated to an acceptable level.
(2) Subordinates can identify and are aware of hazards and understand controls required to eliminate or mitigate
the hazards both on and off duty.
(3) Personnel are aware of appropriate risk acceptance levels and who has responsibility to make risk acceptance
decisions as circumstances change.
(4) Personnel are motivated to work in a safe and healthful manner.
(5) Mishaps are promptly reported and investigated.
(6) Personnel are provided opportunities to develop other skills needed to implement the organization’s SOH program.
(7) Supervisors hold personnel accountable for compliance with established safe work practices and procedures.
c. Supervisors must also ensure personnel receive all appropriate MOS and installations FC-related training for
their series. Training will include discussion on work task steps, potential hazards, controls, location and use of Globally Harmonized System for Hazard Communication and SDS controls, PPE requirements, and preventive measures
to mitigate work task hazards. Provide an opportunity for each employee to demonstrate knowledge and understanding
of PPE requirements by properly donning, removing, and adjusting PPE (hands-on training prior to beginning task).
d. Supervisors will provide appropriate SOH training for employees including specialized job SOH training appropriate to the task performed by the employee (for example, clerical, printing, welding, crane operation, chemical analysis, and computer operations). SOH training will inform employees of the agency’s SOH program, with emphasis on
the employees’ rights and responsibilities.
5–3. Commanders
a. Commanders/directors are required to complete the Leader’s Safety and Occupational Health Course (LSC).
The LSC provides commanders the tools to manage a unit SOH program and to incorporate RM into all unit planning
and activities. The LSC is offered through Army Training Requirements and Resources System (ATRRS) via webbased distance learning (DL) at https://www.atrrs.army.mil (common access card (CAC) required).
b. Company grade officers must complete the LSC prior to assuming command; brigade commanders or first O – 6
in the chain of command will certify completion. Brigade and battalion level command designees must complete the
LSC. A record of training will be retained in the training file. The USACRC is the course proponent.
c. Additional training is available for supervisors and managers at the Army Learning Management System
(ALMS) https://www.lms.army.mil (CAC required).

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

41

5–4. Safety and occupational health professionals
a. The senior SOH FC careerist at the ACOM, ASCC, or DRU will serve as the command career program manager
(CCPM). CCPMs will be appointed on orders and a copy of the orders will be provided to the SOH FC Career Field
Director.
b. The CCPM will ensure all installations FC professionals in the agency receive installations FC education and
training requirements and are provided the necessary professional, technical, management, and leadership competencies needed to provide support to commanders and management personnel. They will also be encouraged and given
the opportunity to attend safety professional conferences, seminars, and so forth. This training, as a minimum, will
comply with 29 CFR 1960.
c. Each agency will provide SOH training for SOH professionals through courses, laboratory experiences, field
study, and other formal learning experiences. This training prepares SOH professionals to perform the necessary technical monitoring, consulting, testing, inspecting, designing, and other tasks related to program development and implementation, as well as hazard recognition; evaluation and control; equipment and facility design; standards; analysis
of mishap, injury, and illness data; and other related tasks.
d. The Army goal is to have a well-trained cadre of SOH professionals providing leadership in SOH and to have
Soldiers and civilian employees knowledgeable in the practical application of SOH in their jobs, The Commander,
USACRC is the proponent for specialized SOH training in accordance with AR 600 – 3. This requirement is based on
various functions within the Army’s requirement for specialized training.
e. SOH professionals will be trained in the foundational skills for SOH with requirements, career maps and ladders,
and master training plans. Installations FC careerists will meet the training, education, and credentialing requirements
listed in the installations FC Army Civilian Training, Education, and Development System (ACTEDS) plan according
to each job series. Supplemental SOH training is required throughout their careers and according to specific duty
requirements. Each SOH manager will identify training required by personnel under their supervision, and themselves,
to develop a schedule and budget to achieve the required training. Using the current installations FC ACTEDS plan
as guidance, each SOH manager will identify training required by personnel under their supervision, and develop an
individual development plan (IDP) to document shortand long-term professional development goals. Selected training
should enhance each employee’s knowledge and understanding of SOH, with emphasis in specialty areas (for example, health physics, industrial hygiene).
f. Army SOH professionals provide SOH guidance, advice to leaders, and assist in the oversight of SOH within
their area(s) of responsibility. They advise commanders on SOH issues and policy and have the staff function of
ensuring that policies are implemented within the command. Due to the variety of functions that each SOH professional may be required to perform, it is essential that they are knowledgeable in all aspects of SOH, including changes
in public law, DoD and Army regulations, and scientific findings in hazards and safe operations. SOH professionals
that specialize in specific areas, such as health physics, must be the expert in their area. The current ACTEDS lists the
competencies required at each GS grade level for specific SOH disciplines.
g. Mandatory intern training is outlined in the installations FC ACTEDS plan.
h. Installations FC supervisors are responsible for coaching, mentoring, and counseling their employees on individual career development.
(1) Counseling includes assisting employees in establishing realistic career goals, assessing employees’ shortfalls
in training and experience, and identifying training and development needs and opportunities.
(2) Supervisors should be familiar with AR 690 – 950 and may request assistance from CCPMs as needed.
(3) Supervisors must work with subordinates to establish an IDP within Army Career Tracker https://actnow.army.mil/.
5–5. Unit safety officer training
USOs are required to complete the USO course within 30 days of appointment. USAR personnel are afforded 90 days
to complete the courses. The course will include RM training.
5–6. Safety and occupational health training for nonsafety and occupational health personnel
a. DA Pam 385 –10 contains matrices that identify training required for employees, supervisors, employees working in specific environments, maintenance and facilities employees, and for emergency preparedness and response
personnel. See DA Pam 385 –10 for mandatory training and frequency of training.
b. Radiation training is as follows:
(1) The training and experience of the RSO and the alternate RSO must be commensurate with the radiation program for which they will be responsible with formal radiation training completed before assuming duties. The dynamic
response aspects of the radiation SOH program require that each installation RSO will be provided radiation SOH

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

42

training annually in accordance with this regulation to ensure that the RSO is adequately trained. Annual training will
be scheduled and funded by the commander in accordance with chapters 16 and 17 of this regulation and the guidance
in DA Pam 385 –10.
(2) Annual radiation SOH training for staff users of RAM and sources will be scheduled by the RSO and funded
by the commander in accordance with chapters 16 and 17 of this regulation. Individuals who have not yet completed
the training may work under the direct supervision of staff already certified as radiation workers (that is, laboratory
supervisors) in accordance with chapters 16 and chapter 17.
c. Defense Centers for Public Health–Aberdeen (DCPH– A) offers several courses that provide additional SOH
training to the courses in DA Pam 385 – 10.
d. USACRC has traffic SOH program educational material available at https://safety.army.mil/on-duty/driverstraining-toolbox and on request.
e. USACRC offers courses on RM located in “Training Courses Online” on the USACRC website
https://safety.army.mil/.
f. Personnel appointed as unit SOH officer/NCO as an additional duty must complete USACRC Unit SOH Course.
g. RM training is available to bargaining unit representatives on safety committees to assist in the maintenance of
a safe and healthful workplace.
h. All personnel will receive the following training in RM:
(1) Authorities and opportunities for assisting in RM.
(2) Off-duty risk, hazard awareness, and reporting.
(3) Reporting mishaps, minimum required actions related to safe work practices and procedures, and consequences
for not complying.
(4) Job-related SOH information appropriate for their duties.
i. Safety committee members will be provided training related to their assigned responsibilities and the ASOHP.
5–7. Specialized training requirements
The Commander, USACRC is responsible for administering a program to provide SOH training and education that
meets the Army’s needs according to AR 600 – 3. Various functions within the ASOHP require specialized training.
DA Pam 385 – 10 describes mandatory training as well as the ACTEDS installations FC training plan.
a. Radiation safety and occupational health training. Provide RSOs with training commensurate with the radiation
program for which they are responsible for in accordance with chapters 16 and 17 of this regulation.
b. Hazard communication training. Provide HAZCOM training to all personnel who routinely work with hazardous chemicals in accordance with this regulation and 29 CFR 1910.
c. Electrical safety and occupational health training. All workers who work with electrical components will be
trained as competent persons in accordance with this regulation and NFPA 70E.
d. Safety engineers. Installations FC 0803 safety engineers will comply with training, developmental, and career
management requirements of the installations FC ACTEDS plan (see installations FC website).
e. Aviation safety training. Provide aviation safety training to those that hold the aviation safety modified table of
organization and equipment (MTOE) and additional duty positions.
5–8. Educational material
SOH educational materials including posters, videos, technical publications, and pamphlets are proven, cost-effective
SOH awareness tools and, therefore, will be budgeted for and used at all levels of the U.S. Army to promote SOH.
The USACRC has educational material that may be available at https://safety.army.mil or upon request.
Section II
Promoting Mishap Prevention
5–9. Introduction
Commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and USARC and the CNGB will promote mishap prevention, using all
available means, to include seasonal safety awareness; workplace, community, and operational safety awareness; and
safety awards program. Typical procedures for promoting mishap prevention are placing articles in the installation
and local newspapers; posting flyers/posters concerning the program, including the program in unit training opportunities (sergeant’s time, morning roll call); and making announcements in local electronic media (website, radio, and
television).

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

43

5–10. Promoting safety awards
Safety awards enhance Army operations and improve safety awareness by recognizing and promoting individual and
organizational mishap prevention measures and successes.
5–11. Department of the Army-level awards
a. Headquarters, Department of the Army Safety Award. This award is awarded each FY to ACOMs, ASCCs,
DRUs, USARC, and NGB.
b. Headquarters, Department of the Army Exceptional Organization Safety Award. This award is awarded each
FY to organizations below ACOM, ASCC, DRU, USARC, and ARNG level, down to battalion level. ACOMs,
ASCCs, DRUs, USARC, and NGB may select one nominee for submission from the following categories: division,
brigade, battalion, and garrison (or equivalent) with the most effective overall safety program.
c. Headquarters, Department of the Army Individual Award of Excellence in Safety. This award is awarded each
FY to individuals who, in each of seven categories (field grade officer, company grade officer, warrant officer, NCO,
junior enlisted, GS – 7 to GS– 12 DA Civilian, and GS – 13 to GS– 15 DA Civilian), make the most significant contribution to mishap prevention.
d. Headquarters, Department of the Army Industrial Operations Safety Award. This award is awarded each FY to
the organization with the most effective overall industrial operations safety program.
e. Headquarters, Department of the Army Excellence in Explosives Safety Award. This award is awarded each FY
to the organization with the most effective overall explosives safety program.
f. United States Army Safety Guardian Award. This award is presented by the ODASAF to individuals who,
through extraordinary individual action in an emergency situation, prevent an imminently dangerous situation, prevent
injury to personnel, or minimize or prevent damage to Army property. UAS operators will use this award when submitting for recognition of outstanding airmanship to minimize or prevent aircraft damage or injury to personnel during
emergency situations.
g. Army Aviation Broken Wing Award. This award certificate and lapel pin is presented by the ODASAF to individuals who, through outstanding airmanship and while performing crewmember duties in an aircraft, minimize or
prevent aircraft damage or injury to personnel during emergency situations. UAS personnel will use the United States
Army Safety Guardian Award for recognition of outstanding airmanship to minimize or prevent aircraft damage or
injury to personnel during emergency situations.
h. United States Army Risk Management Safety Award. This award is awarded by the ODASAF to organizations
or individuals who have made significant contributions to Army readiness through RM.
5–12. Safety awards below Department of the Army level
a. Army Mishap Prevention Award of Accomplishment. This award is presented to table of organization and equipment (TOE) or TDA detachments; company-sized units, battalions, or equivalent; brigades or equivalent; and divisions, installations, or activities that have completed 12 consecutive months, or a major training exercise, or an actual
deployment of greater than 120 days without experiencing a class A, class B, or class C mishap.
b. U.S. Army Aircrew Member Safety Award. Commanders present this award to aircrew members with at least
500 mishap-free flight hours as a crewmember.
c. Other individual and organizational awards. Leaders at all levels will recognize safe performance of individuals
and subordinate organizations. Leaders are encouraged to develop awards that are tailored to recognize the mishap
prevention accomplishments within their sphere of activity, interest, or operation. Leaders may use DA Form 1119 –1
(Certificate of Achievement in Safety) or are authorized to design and use locally produced certificates or trophies.
Awards will be signed by the organization’s leader and will include, at a minimum, the awardees’ name and the
contribution for which the award is given.
d. Unit Impact Award. Commanders are encouraged to develop and issue policies for safety impact awards to
promote safety awareness through on-the-spot recognition of safety-related actions that are above and beyond what is
required of an individual or organization according to AR 600 – 8– 22. Authorized awards include medals, trophies,
badges, commanders’ coins, and plaques. Do not use personal use items such as gym bags, clothing items, coffee
mugs, and so forth as incentive awards to promote a safety program.
e. Army Safety Excellence Streamer. This streamer is presented to company-sized units, battalions, or equivalent;
divisions; and installations (both TOE and TDA type units) that have met prescribed eligibility criteria.
(1) Detachment/company size units that have completed 12 consecutive months without experiencing a Soldier/unit at-fault class A or B mishap and have 100 percent completion of RM training within the last 24 months at
time of submission. (USACRC web-based training fulfills this requirement.)

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

44

(2) Battalions, or equivalent, that have completed 12 consecutive months without experiencing a Soldier/unit atfault class A or B mishap and have 100 percent completion of RM training and the ARAP within the last 24 months
at time of submission. (USACRC web-based training fulfills this requirement.)
(3) Brigades or equivalent that have completed 12 consecutive months without a Soldier/unit at-fault class A or B
mishap.
(4) Division and installations that have completed 12 consecutive months without a Soldier/unit at-fault class A or
B mishap.
(5) Eligibility for award of the Army Safety Excellence Streamer accrues from 10 March 2009. Award is not retroactive before that date. The streamer may be displayed for 1 year after award, at which time the unit must re-qualify
and resubmit in accordance with eligibility criteria.
5–13. Unit safety certification
Unit safety certification is used to identify units (platoon size or larger) that have achieved levels of safety that deserve
recognition. When the following criteria have been certified by the commander at the next level, a certificate is issued
by the local safety office recognizing the unit’s achievement for the given period of time. A unit must have:
a. Appointed in writing a safety officer who has completed the required level of training.
b. Implemented a safety program according to this regulation.
c. Reduced the number of mishaps, both on and off the job, by 50 percent of the previous year.
d. Had in place a mishap tracking and reporting system that complied with the requirements of this regulation.
e. Had in place a documented RM process demonstrating controls implementation and management of identified
risks.
f. Sustained the initiatives listed in this paragraph for a significant and established period of time, such as 1 year, 2
years, and so forth.
5–14. Army safety award process
Award individuals and units based on their overall safety achievements. The standard policy staff functions are as
follows:
a. ACOM, ASCC, DRU, and ARNG award programs are an item of special interest during safety assessments
conducted by DASAF.
b. Approve and present Army safety awards in accordance with the criteria established in this regulation. Augmentation of Army safety award programs with local safety awards is encouraged.
c. Receipt of a safety award does not preclude an individual from receiving a military award as described in AR
600 – 8–22 or an incentive award as described herein.
d. Submit a nomination for an award to the appropriate approval authority within 2 years of the action or period
under consideration. Nominations may be made for actions prior to the 2-year limit, but more current nominations
may preclude full consideration. Prepare nominations in accordance with policy set forth in AR 25 – 50. Preformatted
nomination sheets are available online at https://safety.army.mil (see DA Form 1119 – 1 for an example).
e. Replacement of awards is at the discretion of the award approving authority. Proof of award and justification
will accompany requests for award replacement.
f. Maintain records of awards in accordance with AR 25 – 400 – 2. The USACRC awards manager will maintain
records for DA-level awards.
g. Additional information regarding this program is located at https://safety.army.mil under “Awards.”
(1) For Army DASAF-approved awards, with the exception of U.S. Army Broken Wing nominations, contact the
awards administrator at [email protected] or DSN 558– 0043, commercial
(334) 255 – 0043.
(2) For questions on the U.S. Army Broken Wing Award, contact [email protected] or DSN 558 – 9337, commercial (334) 255 – 9337, or USACRC help desk DSN 558 – 1390, commercial (334) 255 – 1390 for the current number.
5–15. Department of the Army-level unit awards
A hierarchy is established that recognizes different levels of achievement with awards from lower command levels
through the CSA.
a. Headquarters, Department of the Army Safety Award. This award is awarded each FY to ACOMs, ASCCs,
DRUs, USARC, and NGB.
(1) Eligibility requirements. The DASAF or a designated representative will convene a panel to make recommendations for recipients of this award. The panel will consist of at least three senior safety professionals.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

45

(2) Submission deadline. The submission deadline is 15 December annually.
(3) Presentation. The SECARMY, CSA, or their designated representative will present the award at a suitable
venue to be determined.
(4) Approval authority. The SECARMY/CSA will be the approval authority.
(5) Award. The award is a standing plaque.
b. Headquarters, Department of the Army Exceptional Organization Safety Award. This award is competed and
presented each FY by the SECARMY and/or CSA to organizations at all command echelons down to battalion that
have demonstrated significant improvements, sustained excellence, and leadership in mishap prevention programs.
(1) Recipient. Organizations at all levels of command from battalion to ACOMs will be the recipients of the award.
(2) Eligibility requirements. The organization is selected by its higher levels of command (with the exception of
ACOM/ASCC 4-star commands) with the most effective overall safety program. Commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs,
DRUs, USARC, and the CNGB may select one nominee in each of the following categories: ACOM/ASCC 4-star
commands, ASCC/DRU/3-star commands, ASCC/DRU 2-star commands, division and all other 2-star commands,
DRU and all other 1-star commands, brigade/O – 6 equivalent, battalion/O – 5 equivalent, and garrison. Commanders
of ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and USARC and the CNGB are to develop policies and procedures that foster the competitive and progressive nature of this award, nominating only the best candidate in each of the applicable categories.
The time frame for the award is one FY. Demonstrations of merit may be made using both subjective and objective
criteria. Criteria that may be used to support the nomination are as follows:
(a) The organization’s mission, location, type, and number of assigned personnel.
(b) Commander’s support of higher headquarters and DA safety campaigns.
(c) Mishap statistics and experiences.
(d) Methods used to effect or sustain mishap reduction (for example, safety training or new initiatives).
(e) Major accomplishments.
(f) Objectives for the coming year.
(g) Civilian injury and illness reduction program.
(h) Workers compensation costs.
(i) Percentage of commanders who have completed the LSC in accordance with paragraph 5 – 3.
(j) Seatbelt usage rates.
(k) Strategies, controls, or policies that have contributed to mission and operational success. Include such information as circumstances, hazards, movements, and others that provide evidence of success and potential for commandwide applicability.
(l) Proactive measures taken to enhance RM implementation.
(m) Description of total command involvement and support of safety programs.
(n) Description of initiatives that are not required but will enhance the command safety program such as purchase
of ergonomic equipment or workstations, partnering with the community, or other government activities and organizations.
(3) Initiator. Unit or facility commander or manager, or installation/unit safety manager can be the initiators.
(4) Nominations. Prepare a THRU memorandum with supporting documentation as needed in accordance with
AR 25 –50 through your local chain of command (brigade, division, and individual command as applicable) to the
attention of the Director of Army Safety (CSSC – PA), Awards Administrator, Building 4905, Ruf Avenue, Fort
Rucker, AL 36362 – 5363. The nomination will have narrative text and may include graphics such as tables, charts,
diagrams, and/or photographs to clarify accomplishments. When printed the nomination will consist of no more than
seven standard-size, single-spaced pages. The nomination will include a concise introduction which describes specific
achievements that merit consideration and a summary explanation of what is being done toward continued mishap
reduction and details on unique/specific initiatives. Initiator POC information will include email address and telephone
number. Approved nominations may be electronically sent to [email protected] no later than 15 December each year.
(5) Judging. The DASAF or a designated representative will convene a panel to make recommendations for recipients of this award. The panel will consist of at least three senior safety professionals.
(6) Presentation. The SECARMY, CSA, or their designated representative will present the award at a suitable
venue to be determined.
(7) Approval authority. The SECARMY/CSA will be the approval authority.
(8) Award. A mounted certificate will be the award.
c. Headquarters, Department of the Army Individual Award for Excellence in Safety. This award is competed and
presented each FY by the SECARMY/CSA to individuals who have demonstrated significant improvements, sustained
excellence, and leadership in mishap prevention programs.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

46

(1) Recipients. U.S. Army military personnel and DA Civilian employees will be the recipients.
(2) Eligibility requirements. An individual selected by levels of command through ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and
ARNG as having made the most significant contribution to the unit’s or activity’s mishap prevention effort. One
mounted certificate is awarded each FY in each of seven categories (field grade officer, company grade officer, warrant officer, NCO, junior enlisted, GS – 7 to GS– 12 DA Civilian, and GS– 13 to GS– 15 DA Civilian). Commanders of
ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and USARC and the CNGB will develop policies and procedures that foster the competitive
and progressive nature of this award, nominating only the best candidate in each of the applicable categories. The time
frame for the award is one FY. Demonstration of merit may be made using both subjective and objective criteria. The
following are examples of significant contributions and criteria that may be used:
(a) Through personal emphasis a commander reduces their organization’s POV mishap and fatality rate by 25
percent.
(b) A DA Civilian supervisor of a GOCO munitions operating facility reduces on-the-job mishap rate by 25 percent
one year through personal involvement in the plant’s mishap prevention program.
(c) Discussions on the organization’s mission, location, and number and type of assigned personnel as it relates to
the overall safety program.
(d) An enlisted Soldier implements a command level motor pool safety program that results in sustained mishap
reduction, increased safety awareness, and improved Soldier morale, which results in overall equipment readiness.
(e) An individual’s achievements relating to safety and methods used to effect or sustain mishap reduction.
(3) Initiator. Unit or facility commander or manager, or installation/unit safety manager can be the initiators.
(4) Nominations. Prepare a THRU memorandum with supporting documentation as needed in accordance with
AR 25 –50 through your local chain of command (brigade, division, and individual command as applicable) to the
attention of the Director of Army Safety (CSSC – PA), Awards Administrator, Building 4905, Ruf Avenue, Fort
Rucker, AL 36362 – 5363. The nomination will have narrative text and may include graphics such as tables, charts,
diagrams, and/or photographs to clarify accomplishments. When printed the nomination will consist of no more than
seven standard-size, single-spaced pages. The nomination will include a concise introduction that describes specific
achievements that merit consideration and a summary explanation of what is being done toward continued mishap
reduction and details on unique/specific initiatives. Initiator POC information will include email address and telephone
number. Approved nominations may be electronically sent to [email protected] no later than 15 December each year.
(5) Judging. The DASAF or a designated representative will convene a panel to make recommendations for recipients of this award. The panel will consist of at least three senior safety professionals.
(6) Presentation. The SECARMY, CSA, or their designated representative, will present the award at a suitable
venue to be determined.
(7) Approval authority. The SECARMY/CSA will be the approval authority.
(8) Award. A mounted certificate is the award.
d. Headquarters, Department of the Army Industrial Operations Safety Award. This award is competed and presented each FY by the SECARMY and/or CSA to the organization with the most effective overall industrial operations
safety program.
(1) Recipients. Organizations below ACOM, ASCC, and DRU, and within the ARNG.
(2) Eligibility requirements. The organization as selected by its higher levels of command with the most effective
overall industrial safety program. Commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, and DRUs and the CNGB may select one nominee from division, depot, garrison, and down to company, shop, and/or section level. Commanders of ACOMs,
ASCCs, DRUs, and USARC and the CNGB will develop policies and procedures that foster the competitive and
progressive nature of this award, which is akin to an “HQDA Exceptional Organization Award” or “HQDA Individual
Award of Excellence in Safety” competition. The timeframe for the award is based on an FY. Demonstrations of merit
may be made using both subjective and objective criteria. Criteria that may be used to support the nomination include,
but are not limited to:
(a) Safety policy.
(b) Preoperational planning.
(c) SOPs/JHAs.
(d) Mishap prevention plan.
(e) Emergency response plan.
(f) Training, licensing, and qualifications.
(g) PPE.
(h) Ergonomics.
(i) Machine safeguarding.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

47

(j) Confined space.
(k) Lockout/tagout.
(l) Worker compensation costs.
(m) Injury/mishap frequency rates (exhibit time frame).
(n) Strategies, controls, or policies that have contributed to mission and operational success, such as Lean Six
Sigma and the Voluntary Protection Program. Include circumstances, hazards, movements, evidence, and potential
for Armywide applicability.
(o) Proactive measures taken to enhance RM implementation, such as evidence of a close working relationship
among the safety, OH, and environmental offices.
(p) Description of safety processes, to include incentive programs, inspection visits, training events, and so forth.
(q) Description of total command involvement and support of safety program.
(r) Description of initiatives that are not required but will enhance the command safety program such as partnering
with the local community or other activities and organizations.
(s) OH/industrial hygiene initiatives.
(t) Environmental program initiatives.
(u) Wellness initiatives (for example integration of safety and health programs (on and off duty)).
(3) Initiator. ACOMs, ASCCs, or DRUs.
(4) Nominations. Prepare a THRU memorandum with supporting documentation as needed in accordance with
AR 25 –50 through command headquarters (address through the first O – 6 or equivalent) and through the ACOMs,
ASCCs, DRUs, and NGB to the attention of the Director of Army Safety (CSSC – PA), Awards Administrator, Building 4905, Ruf Avenue, Fort Rucker, AL 36362 – 5363. The nomination will include a concise introduction, which
describes specific achievements that merit consideration and summary explanation of their accomplishments. Initiator
POC information will include email address and telephone number. ACOM, ASCC, DRU, and NGB approved nominations may be electronically sent to [email protected] no later than 15 December each year.
(5) Documentation. The nomination package will have narrative text and may include graphics such as tables,
charts, diagrams, and/or photographs to clarify accomplishments. When printed, the package will consist of no more
than seven standard-size, single-spaced pages.
(6) Judging. The DASAF or a designated representative will convene a panel to make recommendations for recipients of this award. The panel will consist of at least three senior safety professionals.
(7) Presentation. The SECARMY, CSA, or their designated representative will present the award at a suitable
venue to be determined.
(8) Approval authority. The SECARMY/CSA will be the approval authority.
(9) Award. A mounted certificate is the award.
e. Headquarters, Department of the Army Excellence in Explosives Safety Award. This award is competed and
presented each FY by the SECARMY and/or CSA to the organization with the most effective overall explosives safety
program.
(1) Recipients. Organizations below ACOM, ASCC, DRU, USARC (division, depot, garrison, and down to company, shop, and/or section level), and within the ARNG.
(2) Eligibility requirements. The organization as selected by its higher levels of command with the most effective
overall explosives safety program. Commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and USARC and the CNGB may select
one nominee each from division, brigade, battalion, depot/garrison/activity, down to company level. Commanders of
ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and USARC and the CNGB will develop policies and procedures that foster the competitive
and progressive nature of this award, which is akin to an “HQDA Exceptional Organization Award” or “HQDA Individual Award of Excellence in Safety” competition. The timeframe for the award is based on FY. Demonstration of
merit may be made using both subjective and objective criteria. Criteria that may be used to support the nomination
include, but are not limited to:
(a) Command emphasis on explosive safety.
(b) RM/SOPs/JHA process.
(c) Strategies, controls, or policies that have contributed to mission and operational success. Include circumstances,
hazards, movements, evidence, and potential for Armywide applicability.
(d) Mishap prevention planning.
(e) Emergency response planning.
(f) Injury/mishap frequency rates (exhibit timeframe).

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

48

(g) Proactive measures taken to enhance RM implementation, such as evidence of a close working relationship
among the safety, OH, and environmental offices; continuous improvement initiatives; incentive measures; and establishment of explosives safety committee/councils.
(h) Training improvements or enhancements.
(i) Ammunition/explosives operational improvements.
(j) System safety analyses and design improvements in ammunition items and explosives safety controls.
(k) Publication of ammunition/explosives safety articles/communications.
(3) Initiator. ACOMs, ASCCs, or DRUs.
(4) Nominations. Prepare a THRU memorandum with supporting documentation as needed in accordance with
AR 25 –50 through command headquarters (address through the first O – 6 or equivalent) and through the ACOM,
ASCC, DRU, or NGB to the attention of the Director of Army Safety (CSSC – PA), Awards Administrator, Building
4905, Ruf Avenue, Fort Rucker, AL 36362 – 5363. The nomination will include a concise introduction, which describes
specific achievements that merit consideration and summary explanation of their accomplishment. Initiator POC information will include email address and telephone number. ACOM, ASCC, DRU, and NGB approved nominations
may be electronically sent to [email protected] no later than 15 December of
each year.
(5) Documentation. The nomination package will have narrative text and may include graphics such as tables,
charts, diagrams, and/or photographs to clarify accomplishments. When printed, the package will consist of no more
than seven standard-sized, single-spaced pages.
(6) Judging. The DASAF or a designated representative will convene a panel to make recommendations for recipients of this award. The panel will consist of at least three senior safety professionals.
(7) Presentation. The SECARMY, CSA, or their designated representative will present the award at a suitable
venue to be determined.
(8) Approval authority. The SECARMY/CSA will be the approval authority.
(9) Award. A mounted certificate is the award.
f. The Army Safety Guardian Award.
(1) Recipients. U.S. Army military personnel and DA Civilians.
(2) Eligibility requirement. An individual must, through extraordinary actions or skills, react to an emergency
event or an imminently dangerous situation, thereby eliminating or minimizing loss, such as damage to Army property
or injury to Army personnel. Emergencies or dangerous situations resulting from enemy action are not excluded from
consideration. Individuals will not be considered for the award if they had a casual role in the emergency event or
dangerous situation.
(3) Initiator. The DASAF may initiate or the unit commander/activity director may send a request for consideration through the first O – 6 (or equivalent civilian grade) in the individual’s or unit’s chain of command.
(4) Nominations. Prepare a THRU memorandum with supporting documentation as needed in accordance with
AR 25 –50 through the local chain of command (addressed through the first O – 6 or equivalent) to the attention of the
Director of Army Safety (CSSC – PA), Awards Administrator, Building 4905, Ruf Avenue, Fort Rucker, AL
36362 –5363. The nomination will include a concise introduction which describes specific achievements that merit
consideration and a summary explanation of their accomplishments. Initiator POC information will include email
address and telephone number. Approved nominations may be electronically sent to [email protected].
(5) Documentation. Nominations will include the following:
(a) Full name, grade, and duty being performed at the time of the act.
(b) Date, time, and location of act.
(c) Personnel and equipment involved, including dollar value, if applicable.
(d) Concise description of situation necessitating the act.
(e) Specific action taken by the nominee.
(f) Lapsed time from the onset of the situation to termination.
(g) Drawings, other supporting documentation, and photographs, if available.
(h) A copy of the mishap investigation report, if applicable.
(i) The initiator’s contact information, including email address and telephone number.
(6) Judging. The award decision is made by DASAF.
(7) Approval authority. The DASAF will be the approval authority.
(8) Award. A mounted certificate will be the award.
g. The Army Aviation Broken Wing Award.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

49

(1) Recipients. Individuals performing authorized aircrew member flight duties on behalf of the U.S. Army while
on a DoD mission are eligible to receive this award.
(2) Eligibility requirements. An aircrew member must, through outstanding airmanship, minimize or prevent aircraft damage or injury to personnel during an emergency situation. The aircrew member must have shown extraordinary skill while recovering an aircraft from an in-flight emergency situation. If more than one crewmember materially
contributed to successful recovery from the emergency, each of those involved should be considered for nomination.
Emergencies resulting from enemy action are not excluded from consideration. An emergency will not be considered
for award if:
(a) It is self-induced.
(b) It actually occurs during a simulated emergency requiring no added skill to land the aircraft successfully.
(c) It occurs because of noncompliance with published regulations or procedures.
(d) It is determined that no emergency actually existed.
(e) In the panel’s opinion, a lack of discipline or aviator judgment may have induced the emergency.
(f) The aircraft was in a phase of flight with no unfavorable circumstances to prevent a safe landing.
(3) Initiator. The DASAF may initiate or the unit commander/activity director may send a request for consideration through the first O – 6 (or equivalent civilian grade) in the individual’s or unit’s chain of command.
(4) Nominations. Prepare a THRU memorandum with supporting documentation as needed in accordance with
AR 25 –50 through the local chain of command (addressed through the first O – 6 or equivalent) to the attention of the
Director of Army Safety (CSSC – PA), Awards Administrator, Building 4905, Ruf Avenue, Fort Rucker, AL
36362 –5363. The nomination will include a concise introduction that describes specific achievements that merit consideration and a summary explanation of their accomplishments. Initiator POC information will include email address
and telephone number. Approved nominations may be electronically sent to [email protected].
(5) Documentation. Nominations will contain the following information:
(a) Full name, rank, and crew duty position (for example, instructor pilot, pilot, copilot, or student pilot) and aircraft
station (front seat, back seat, right seat, left seat) of the person actually on the controls during the emergency.
(b) Date, time, location, above-ground level altitude, density altitude, wind conditions (direction and velocity),
visibility, illumination, and gross weight at onset and termination of the emergency.
(c) Mission type, design, and series of the aircraft involved.
(d) Type of mission.
(e) Phase of flight when the emergency occurred (for example, hover, takeoff climb, cruise, descent, and approach
to landing, autorotation).
(f) Terrain and obstructions over which the emergency occurred.
(g) Concise description of the emergency from onset to termination to include action taken by the nominee to cope
with the emergency or minimize damage or injury. The circumstance surrounding the occurrence must be documented
to show the skill, knowledge, judgment, and technique required and used in recovering from the emergency.
(h) Include total time for aircrew member and total time in mission/design/series.
(i) Drawings, other supporting documentation, and photographs, if available.
(j) Copy of applicable mishap report.
(k) The initiator’s contact information, including email address and telephone number.
(6) Judging. The DASAF will convene a panel quarterly when nominations are received. The panel will consist
of the DASAF or a designated representative and at least five senior-level aviators; it may include senior enlisted
crewmembers when appropriate. At least one panel member will be qualified in the mission type and design of the
aircraft involved in the emergency.
(7) Approval authority. The DASAF will be the approval authority.
(8) Award. A Broken Wing Award plaque, certificate, and lapel pin will be the awards.
h. Director of Army Safety Risk Management Award.
(1) Recipients. Individuals or organizations.
(2) Eligibility requirements. An individual or organization must have demonstrated exemplary leadership or made
significant contribution to Army readiness through RM.
(3) Initiator. The DASAF may initiate or the unit commander/activity director may send a request for consideration through the first O – 6 (or equivalent civilian grade) in the individual’s or unit’s chain of command.
(4) Nominations. Prepare a THRU memorandum with supporting documentation as needed in accordance with
AR 25 –50 through the local chain of command (addressed through the first O – 6 or equivalent) to the attention of the
Director of Army Safety (CSSC – PA), Awards Administrator, Building 4905, Ruf Avenue, Fort Rucker, AL
36362 –5363. When printed, the nomination will consist of no more than seven standard-size, single-spaced pages.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

50

The nomination will include a concise introduction, which describes specific achievements that merit consideration
and a summary explanation of their RM accomplishments. Initiator POC information will include email address and
telephone number. Approved nominations may be electronically sent to [email protected].
(5) Documentation. The following documentation is required:
(a) Name of individual or organization.
(b) Date or time period of achievement.
(c) Achievement relating to safety.
(d) Any other pertinent data.
(6) Judging. The award decision is made by DASAF.
(7) Approval authority. The DASAF will be the approval authority.
(8) Award. A mounted certificate is the award.
5–16. Army command, Army service component command, direct reporting unit, Army National
Guard, and organization level awards
a. DA Form 5775. Use DA Form 5775 (Army Accident Prevention Award of Accomplishment in Safety) for
submissions of awards as follows:
(1) Recipients. TOE or TDA detachments; company size units, battalions, or equivalent; brigades or equivalent;
and divisions, installations, or activities are the recipients.
(2) Eligibility requirements. To be eligible, an organization must complete 12 consecutive months or complete a
major training exercise or compete an actual deployment of greater than 120 days without experiencing a class A, B,
or C mishap attributable to human error (see para 3 – 7 for mishap classes). For the purpose of this award, a major
training exercise is considered as an operation conducted at no less than an O – 6 level. Only property damage will be
considered in determining class C mishaps. Class C mishaps that do not meet damage costs in paragraph 3 – 7 will not
be considered as disqualifying. If an organization considers a mishap on its record to have been unpreventable it may
request an eligibility determination from their ACOM, ASCC, DRU, USARC, or NGB safety director or USACRC.
Awards will not be approved for overlapping time frames. Commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and USARC and
the CNGB may establish specific criteria for this award. Subsequent years of eligibility may be the basis for a repeat
of this award or for an award as developed by the ACOM, ASCC, DRU, or ARNG (2nd year, 3rd year, and so on).
(3) Initiator. Organization commander or manager, or organization safety manager.
(4) Nominations. Nominations will be submitted through the unit’s chain of command to the ACOM, ASCC,
DRU, or USARC commander or the CNGB for screening and verification of the unit’s performance.
(5) Documentation. Each level of command must endorse the request and verify that the unit is eligible for the
award.
(6) Judging. The judging is determined by commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and USARC and the CNGB.
(7) Approval authority. Commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and USARC and the CNGB will be the approval
authorities.
(8) Award. The Army Mishap Prevention Award of Accomplishment certificate will be the award. A template is
located at USACRC website https://safety.army.mil under “Awards.” Commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and
USARC and the CNGB are encouraged to modify this template or design a suitable replacement certificate or plaque.
Certificates should be framed for presentation.
b. United States Army Aircrew Member Safety Award.
(1) Recipients. U.S. Army military personnel, DA Civilians, and Army contracted employees who perform aerial
flights as aircrew members will be the recipients.
(2) Eligibility requirements. To be eligible, a nominee must complete at least 500 flight hours as an aircrew member in a U.S. Army aircraft without having a contributing role in a human-factor-related class A, B, or C aviation
mishap (see DA Pam 385 –40 for mishap classes). Subsequent awards will be in increments of 500 hours.
(3) Initiator. Organization commanders or their representative will be the initiator.
(4) Nomination. Nominations will be made in accordance with organization SOPs and will include a statement
that the unit ASO has verified safety records by checking the nominee’s DA Form 759 (Individual Flight Record and
Flight Crew Certificate—Army (Flight Hours)).
(5) Judging. Judging will be done in accordance with unit SOP.
(6) Approval authority. The approval authority belongs to the appropriate aviation unit commander.
(7) Award. Commanders are authorized to substitute a unit certificate for DA Form 1119 – 1.
c. Other awards. Leaders at all levels will recognize safe performance displayed by individuals within their organization. Leaders are encouraged to develop awards that are tailored to recognize the mishap prevention

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

51

accomplishments within their sphere of activity, interest, or operation. Leaders may use DA Form 1119 – 1 or are
authorized to design and use locally produced certificates or trophies in place of DA Form 1119 – 1. Awards will be
signed by the organization’s leader and will include, at a minimum, the awardees’ name and the contribution for which
the award is given.
d. Unit Impact Award.
(1) Purpose. Impact awards support the safety strategy of the U.S. Army to further mission readiness through risk
reduction and management.
(2) Strategy. Commanders are encouraged to develop and issue policies for safety impact awards to promote safety
awareness through on-the-spot recognition of safety-related actions which are above and beyond what is required of
an individual or organization and which would normally go unnoticed.
(3) Awards. Impact award items should convey safety information that supports the organization’s safety mission,
rather than agency logos or general agency slogans.
e. Army Safety Excellence Streamer.
(1) Recipients. TOE or TDA detachments; company-sized units, battalions, brigades, or equivalent; installations
and divisions are the recipients.
(2) Eligibility requirements.
(a) Detachments/company-sized units that have completed 12 consecutive months without experiencing a Soldier/unit at-fault class A or B mishap and have 100 percent completion of RM training within the last 24 months at
time of submission. (The USACRC web-based RM training fulfills this requirement.)
(b) Battalions or equivalent that have completed 12 consecutive months without experiencing a Soldier or unit atfault class A or B mishap and have 100 percent completion of RM training and completion of the ARAP within the
last 24 months at the time of submission. (The USACRC web-based training fulfills this requirement.)
(c) Brigades or equivalent that have completed 12 consecutive months without a Soldier/unit at-fault class A or B
mishap.
(d) Divisions and installations that have completed 12 consecutive months without a Soldier/unit at-fault class A
or B mishap.
(3) Awarding of the Army Safety Excellence Streamer. Awarding of the Army Safety Excellence Streamer is effective immediately for organizations meeting eligibility requirements. The streamer may be displayed by the organization for 1 year after the award of the streamer, at the expiration of which the unit must requalify and resubmit a
request for the streamer under the eligibility criteria of paragraph 5–16e(2).
(4) Approval authority. The O – 6 or above level commanders of TOE or TDA organizations award the Army
Safety Excellence Streamer to units under their command meeting eligibility criteria. This authority may not be further
delegated lower than the O –6 level commander.
(5) Nominations. Nominations will be submitted through the unit’s chain of command to the appropriate level of
command for screening, verification, and approval.
(6) Judging. Each level of command must endorse the request and verify that the unit is eligible for the streamer.
(7) Award. The Army Safety Excellence Streamer will be the award.
(8) Compliance. Local safety offices are responsible for ensuring compliance with established eligibility and display criteria in conjunction with the conduct of SOH inspections.
(9) Oversight. The Army Safety Office will verify compliance with eligibility and display criteria during command
safety audits.

Chapter 6
Hazard Analysis and Countermeasures
6–1. General
Hazard analysis and countermeasures are processes that collect, review, and analyze data from various sources to
identify trends, systemic deficiencies, and profiles for use in establishing program initiatives and priorities to develop
proactive measures in mitigating risk of accidental losses of Army personnel, material, facilities, and equipment. These
processes include RM, design reviews, mission analysis, safety releases, JHA, operation hazard analysis, and preventive/predictive maintenance. Army operations, whether they involve military situations including tough, realistic training, combat operations, contingency basing, or the industrial base supporting research, development, testing, and production, are demanding and complex. Army operations are inherently dangerous and each has the potential to jeopardize Soldiers and DA Civilians, resulting in the needless loss of limited resources. Managing risks related to such
operations requires educated judgment, situational knowledge, demonstrated experience, and professional competence.
AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

52

6–2. Risk management
a. RM is the Army’s primary process for assisting organizations and individuals in making informed risk decisions
which reduce or eliminate risk, thereby increasing effectiveness and the probability of mission success. Commanders
and leaders at all levels must incorporate hazard awareness and RM into their daily processes and mission planning.
The basic concepts of RM apply to all Army operations and functional areas. However, ATP 5 – 19 establishes the
methodology for integrating the RM process into the military decision-making process and troop leading procedures.
ATP 5 –19 contains the RM five-step process, tools, and techniques. ATP 5 – 19 also contains descriptions, diagrams,
and matrices associated with the five-step process.
b. Army leaders will integrate RM into aspects of military missions and operations, industrial planning, research
and development, systems, equipment, procurement, testing, construction, and processes to increase efficiency and
effectiveness by eliminating or controlling adverse and risky conditions that will degrade their execution and value to
the U.S. Army. Apply RM to Soldiers, DA Civilians, and the total lifecycle of missions, systems, operations, equipment, and facilities, from conception to completion or disposal. Apply RM cyclically and continuously (see fig 6– 1).
c. Soldiers and civilians should integrate the RM process into activities both on and off duty.
d. Document the deliberate RM process, with the exception of deviations from AE or chemical agent safety standards, using DD Form 2977 (Deliberate Risk Assessment Worksheet) or a locally produced form. DA Form 7632 is
mandatory for waivers, exemptions, and deviations from AE or chemical agent safety standards. DA Form 7632 instructions are in DA Pam 385 – 64.
e. A hazard identification and analysis system based on the requirements of paragraph 4 –5 and mandatory procedures in DA Pam 385– 10 will be implemented to systematically identify basic and unforeseen safety and health hazards, evaluate their risks, and prioritize and recommend methods to eliminate or control hazards to an acceptable level
of risk.
f. Tables 6 – 1 through 6 – 4 categorize risk in terms of the probability and severity associated with a hazard.
g. Commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, and DRUs and the CNGB will establish and publish approval authority for
acceptance and decision making for their command.

risk

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

53

Figure 6–1. Five-step cycle of risk management

Table 6–1
Risk management probability categories —Continued
Probability

Symbol

Definition

Frequent

A

Continuous, regular, or inevitable occurrences

Likely

B

Several or numerous occurrences

Occasional

C

Sporadic or intermittent occurrences

Seldom

D

Infrequent occurrences

Unlikely

E

Possible occurrences but improbable

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

54

Table 6–2
Risk management severity categories —Continued
Severity

Symbol

Quantitative Value: Injury or
Illness1

Quantitative Value: Dollars1

Definition

Catastrophic

I

One or more death or permanent total disability

Loss equal to $2.5 million
or more

Death, unacceptable loss or damage, mission failure, or unit readiness eliminated

Critical

II

One or more permanent partial
disability or hospitalization of
at least three personnel

Loss equal to or greater
than $600 thousand but
less than $2.5 million

Severe injury, illness, loss, or damage; significantly degraded unit
readiness or mission capability

Moderate

III

One or more injury or illness
resulting in lost time

Loss equal to or greater
than $60 thousand but less
than $600 thousand

Minor injury, illness, loss, or damage; degraded unit readiness or mission capability

Negligible

IV

One or more injuries or illnesses requiring first aid or
medical treatment

Loss equal to or greater
than $25 thousand but less
than $60 thousand

Minimal injury, loss, or damage: little
or no impact to unit readiness or
mission capability

Notes:
1

Quantitative values are based on definitions for class A through D mishaps.

Table 6–3
Standardized Army risk matrix for probability (expected frequency) —Continued
Severity (expected consequence)

Frequent:
Continuous,
regular, or inevitable occurrences

Likely:
Several or
numerous
occurrences

Occasional:
Sporadic or
intermittent
occurrences

Seldom:
infrequent
occurrences

Unlikely:
Possible occurrences
but improbable

A

B

C

D

E

I. Catastrophic: Death, unacceptable loss or
damage, mission failure, or unit readiness
eliminated

EH

EH

H

H

M

II. Critical: Severe injury, illness, loss, or damage; significant degraded unit readiness or
mission capability

EH

H

H

M

L

III. Moderate: Minor injury, illness, loss, or
damage; degraded unit readiness or mission
capability

H

M

M

L

L

IV. Negligible: Minimal injury, loss, or damage; little or no impact on unit readiness or
mission capability

M

L

L

L

L

Legend:
EH = extremely high risk
H = high risk
M = medium risk
L = low risk

Table 6–4
Risk matrix codes and descriptions — Continued
Symbol

RAC

Description

EH

1

Extremely High

H

2

High

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

55

Table 6–4
Risk matrix codes and descriptions — Continued
Symbol

RAC

Description

M

3

Medium

L

4

Low

6– 3. Hazard analysis
SOH personnel or those specially trained personnel will perform task-, system-, or process-based hazard analyses to
identify hazards of routine jobs, tasks, and processes in order to recommend adequate hazard controls. Acceptable
techniques include, but are not limited to, JHA and process hazard analysis (PHA). JHA is an assessment of an individual’s occupation, whereas PHA is based on a process or task. SOH personnel or those specially trained personnel
will—
a. Conduct hazard analyses on routine jobs, tasks, and processes that:
(1) Have written procedures.
(2) Have had injuries/illnesses associated with them or have experienced significant incidents or near misses.
(3) Are perceived as high-hazard tasks; in other words, they could result in a catastrophic explosion, electrocution,
radiation, or chemical overexposure.
(4) Are recommended by other studies and analyses for more in-depth analysis.
(5) Are required by a regulation or standard.
(6) Warrant hazard analysis when determined by any Army personnel.
b. Conduct hazard analysis of significant changes that include nonroutine tasks (for example, performed less than
once a year) or new processes, materials, equipment, and facilities to identify uncontrolled hazards prior to the activity
or use and implement hazard elimination or control. Conduct hazard analyses of nonroutine or new tasks if they become routine.
c. Conduct or update a JHA or PHA annually or when a worksite acquires new equipment, chemicals, facilities, or
significantly different operations or procedures that affect employee SOH.
d. Review and document hazard analyses to:
(1) Consider both OH and safety hazards.
(2) Identify the steps of the task or procedure being analyzed, hazard controls currently in place, recommendations
for needed additional or more effective hazard controls, dates conducted, and responsible parties.
(3) Use in training safe job procedures, modifying workstations, equipment or materials, and future planning efforts.
(4) Update the environment, procedures, or equipment change, or errors found that invalidate the most recent hazard analyses.
6–4. Facility design review requirements
a. Qualified safety, fire, industrial hygiene, and radiation safety professionals will—
(1) Review facility designs (to include support structures and facilities, administrative buildings, recreational facilities, explosive storage facilities, firing ranges and/or weapons training facilities).
(2) Review design plans (to include, but not limited to, support structures and facilities) to ensure that safety requirements are adequately addressed prior to new construction, modification, or renovation of all facilities including
administrative buildings, recreational facilities, explosive storage facilities, firing ranges, and/or weapons training
facilities.
(3) Conduct final safety acceptance surveys before occupancy to ensure the facility meets safety, health, and fire
protection standards.
b. Facility design and construction will include the application of the hazard analysis principles contained in chapter 19 of this regulation and mandatory procedures in DA Pam 385 – 16.
6–5. Hierarchy of controls
Commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, and DRUs and the CNGB with industrial-based operations will implement the
appropriate hierarchy of controls to eliminate hazards in Army operations:
a. Elimination. Physically remove the hazard.
b. Substitution. Replace the hazard.
c. Engineering controls. Isolate people from the hazard.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

56

d. Administrative controls. Change the way people work.
e. Personal protective equipment. Protect the worker with PPE.
6–6. Acquisition of materials, equipment, facilities, and systems
a. Acquisition of materials, equipment, facilities, and systems will comply with the requirements of this regulation,
29 CFR 1910, 29 CFR 1926, the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), the National Electric Code (NEC), and
applicable consensus standards.
b. The acquisition of materials, equipment, facilities, and systems will maximize the use of engineering design to
mitigate residual risks when design changes to remove risks are not feasible.

Chapter 7
Occupational Health
7–1. Overview
OH consists of occupational illness and injury prevention programs and services and assists human resources and line
management by evaluating workers to determine if they are medically and physically able to perform the assigned
duties without substantial risk of harm to themselves, others, or the mission (fitness for duty examinations) or whether
the workplace is causing workers injury or illness due to an occupational exposure (medical surveillance examinations). OH programs test and track workers to determine excess exposure to hazardous chemicals, dust, and other
workplace health hazards. OH also supports general public health efforts for all Army personnel, regardless of their
position, and may seek to maximize worker productivity through health promotion efforts. Professional disciplines,
including industrial hygienists, OH providers, and nurses provide these programs and services. The overall goal is to
anticipate, identify, assess, communicate, mitigate, and control occupational disease and injury threats to Army personnel.
7–2. Authorities
AR 40 – 5 and DA Pam 40 – 11 outline the core public health objectives and services for OH executed by Army
MEDCOM assets funded under Budget Activity Group 3 of the Defense Health Program. Such public health OH
assets work closely with other SOH stakeholders (for example human resources and safety assets) to ensure effective
execution of the overall OH mission.
7–3. Coordination
Safety professionals will meet with local public health activity leaders (as well as with other OH stakeholders) on a
regular basis to ensure effective cooperation, collaboration, and synchronization of OH efforts. AR 40 – 5 and DA Pam
40 – 11 provide additional process information on OH responsibilities.

Chapter 8
General Workplace Safety and Occupational Health
8–1. Introduction
a. This chapter prescribes policy and responsibilities for implementing the OSHA program mandated by federal or
state regulations and to reduce the risk of accidental losses, injuries, and occupational illness to the military and DA
Civilian workforce. Army operations (CONUS and outside the United States) will comply with OSHA programs
except for military-unique operations as defined in this chapter.
b. OSHA programs and national consensus standards are applicable to and integrated into all Army equipment,
systems, appropriate operations (for example other than those under JP 3 – 0), and workplaces (CONUS and outside
the United States).
(1) Military design, specifications, and deployment requirements will comply with OSHA standards where feasible. When standards do not exist for a military application or the application is not feasible, the Army component will
apply RM.
(2) Military and DA Civilian officials at each management level will promote strong SOH programs, safe working
conditions, and safe performance to prevent mishaps, injuries, and occupational illnesses.
8–2. Uniquely military equipment, systems, and operations
a. The term “uniquely military equipment, systems, and operations” is defined in 29 CFR 1960.2 (see glossary).

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

57

b. The term uniquely military equipment, systems, and operations excludes DoD workplaces and operations comparable to those of industry in the private sector such as vessel, aircraft, and vehicle repair, overhaul, and modification
(except for equipment trials); construction; supply services; civil engineering or public works; medical services; and
office work.
8–3. Operational planning
a. Operational planning will identify hazards that may affect personnel SOH and operations and the measures used
to eliminate or control them.
b. Leaders, SOH personnel, and those trained personnel use RM to identify and mitigate hazards and manage the
associated risk with that activity. This requires that risk assessment, risk decision making, and implementation of
effective risk controls be part of the operational SOH plan. Operational plans will incorporate preoperational SOH
briefings and training requirements as part of the plan. Operational planning will incorporate briefings and training
requirements to address identified hazards and their impact on operations.
8–4. Notices of violations
Record standard Army SOH inspections notices of violations for RAC 1 and RAC 2 hazards on DA Form 4753 (Notice
No.___ of Unsafe or Unhealthful Working Condition) or equivalent and provide to the responsible commander. All
posted notices will describe the nature and severity, probability, and associated risk of the violation, the substance of
the RM plan, and interim protective measures.
a. The official in charge of the workplace and any participating employee representative will receive copies of each
notice of unsafe or unhealthful conditions.
b. Post notices in a prominent place where all affected personnel will readily see it when it is not practical to post
the notice at or near the hazard.
c. Delivery and posting will take place within 15 days of detection for safety violations and 30 days for health
violations unless more stringent timelines are required by regulatory authorities.
d. The notices will remain posted for 3 working days or until correction of hazards is complete, whichever comes
later.
8–5. Written reports of violations
Provide written reports of violations resulting from standard Army SOH inspections to the head of the activity or the
commander of the unit inspected. These reports will cite hazards and SOH management deficiencies and will recommend corrective actions.
8–6. Army employee hazard reporting
a. Leaders and SOH personnel establish procedures for employees to report unsafe or unhealthful hazards or working conditions in accordance with 29 CFR 1960.28 and 29 CFR 1960.46. Use DA Form 4755 (Employee Report of
Alleged Unsafe or Unhealthful Working Conditions) to report these conditions. Investigate anonymous reports in the
same manner as signed reports. Submit reports directly to the appropriate SOH personnel or through supervisory and
command channels. Designated SOH officials will post OSHA 3165 Publication in a prominent area.
b. Names of people submitting signed reports who request anonymity will not be revealed by the organization SOH
official to anyone other than necessary members of their staff.
c. For submitted reports that appear to involve imminent danger, the inspector will—
(1) Notify the immediate supervisor and activity head as soon as possible.
(2) Provide technical advice to the supervisor on the scene, who will correct the condition or cease operation and
withdraw personnel from exposure.
(3) Notify SOH personnel if the hazard is not immediately eliminated. SOH personnel will determine adequate
appropriate measures to prevent employee exposure and immediately notify the commander or an authorized representative.
(4) Follow the procedures in 29 CFR 1960.28.
d. SOH personnel will investigate all reports and provide written results of the investigation to the originator of the
hazard report within 10 working days of receipt. If the 10-workday suspense cannot be met, SOH personnel will
provide an interim response.
(1) If it is determined that a hazard exists, the reply will include a summary of the actions taken and the anticipated
date for corrective action. Procedures for inspections outlined in this paragraph will apply, if appropriate.
(2) If it is determined that a hazardous condition does not exist, the reply to the employee will include the basis for
that determination. Inform the individual of their right of appeal as outlined in paragraph 8–6e. Make every effort to

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

58

include consulting with a regional OSHA office and requests for technical advice from MEDCOM or USACRC to
resolve the originator’s questions or dissatisfaction.
(3) If a hazard report also involves a grievance action, the local SOH manager will determine if there is a need for
priority action for safety or health reasons.
e. If the originator is dissatisfied with the SOH response, the originator may appeal to the organization’s commander. The commander will review the finding and take appropriate action. If the originator is dissatisfied with the
senior commander’s response, the originator may appeal to the ACOM, ASCC, DRU, or NGB SOH official. Transmit
appeals through channels to the ACOM, ASCC, or DRU commander or the CNGB, who will review the finding,
investigate as necessary, and verify the appropriateness of the installation-level response. If the report of hazard is
judged unfounded, a reply to the originator rejecting the appeal will explain the basis for the rejection and will advise
him or her of their right to appeal to the Army DASHO. Upon receipt of an appeal, the DASHO will review the case
and reply to the originator with a statement of findings. For rejected appeals, the reply will advise the originator of
their right to further appeal according to 29 CFR 1960 to the DoD-designated occupational safety and health official.
f. Although personnel have the right to report hazards directly to DOL, they are encouraged to report to their chain
of command.
g. Copies of reports submitted under the Army employee hazard reporting system will be retained at the safety
office in accordance with AR 25 – 400 – 2 and a Federal Record Retention Center for at least 5 years following the end
of the calendar year to which they relate.

Chapter 9
Army Hazard Communication Program
9–1. Introduction
The Army HAZCOM Program is established to comply with DoDI 6050.05. The Army HAZCOM Program prescribes
policy and procedures to ensure that information on all hazardous chemicals in Army workplaces, facilities, and operations are disseminated to affected employers and exposed employees. The Army HAZCOM Program is established
to protect Army personnel who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals under normal operating conditions or in
foreseeable emergencies. Army components will establish and implement HAZCOM policies and procedures in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1200, DoDM 6055.05, DA Pam 710 – 7, and AR 700– 141. HAZCOM policies and procedures will include written plans, hazard determination, SDSs, labeling, training, and the data management system.
Commanders may also use HAZCOM for all other employees at their discretion. Use RM and/or JHA to assist commanders in determining the appropriate course of action. All labels, SDSs, HAZCOM training, and data management
systems will be aligned with the Globally Harmonized System.
9–2. Safety data sheets
a. Maintain SDSs on all required hazardous chemicals in the workplace. SDSs that are received with incoming
shipments of hazardous chemicals will be maintained and be readily accessible during each work shift to Army personnel when they are in their work areas. All SDSs will include 16 sections, in accordance with 29 CFR
1910.1200(g)(2):
(1) Identification.
(2) Hazard(s) identification.
(3) Composition/information on ingredients.
(4) First aid measures.
(5) Firefighting measures.
(6) Accidental release measures.
(7) Handling and storage.
(8) Exposure controls/personal protection.
(9) Physical and chemical properties.
(10) Stability and reactivity.
(11) Toxicological information.
(12) Ecological information.
(13) Disposal considerations.
(14) Transportation information.
(15) Regulatory information.
(16) Other information, including date of preparation or last revision.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

59

b. Obtain the SDS from the chemical manufacturer distributor or importer as soon as possible if not provided in
the shipment.
c. Maintain SDSs in any form to include within an SOP for groups of hazardous chemicals in a work area where
appropriate to address the hazards of a process rather than individual hazardous chemicals.
d. SDSs for RAMs are required per FED – STD– 313 with input into HMIRS.
9–3. Labels
a. All Army leaders will ensure that labels remain intact on incoming containers of hazardous chemicals. Label,
tag, or mark each container of hazardous chemicals in the workplace with all of the following six parts:
(1) Product identifier. This can be (but is not limited to) the chemical name, code number or batch number as
decided by the manufacturer, importer, or distributor. The same product identifier must be both on the label and in
section 1 of the SDS.
(2) Signal word. The signal word indicates the relative level of severity of the hazard and alerts the reader to a
potential hazard. Only two words are used as signal words. “Danger” is used for the more severe hazards; “Warning”
is used for the less severe hazards within a specific hazard class. Only one signal word is allowed on the label no
matter how many hazards a chemical may have. If one of the hazards warrants a “Danger” signal word and another
warrants the signal word “Warning,” then only “Danger” will appear on the label.
(3) Hazard statement(s). Hazard statement(s) describe the nature of the hazard(s) of a chemical, including, where
appropriate, the degree of hazard. For example: “Causes damage to kidneys through prolonged or repeated exposure
when absorbed through the skin.” All applicable hazard statements must appear on the label. Hazard statements may
be combined where appropriate to reduce redundancies and improve readability. The hazard statements are specific
to the hazard classification categories and users should always see the same statement for the same hazards no matter
what the chemical is or who produces it.
(4) Pictogram(s). Pictogram(s) are graphic symbols used to communicate specific information about the hazards
of a chemical. On hazardous chemicals being shipped or transported from a manufacturer, importer, or distributor, the
required pictograms consist of a red square frame set at a point with a black hazard symbol on a white background,
sufficiently wide to be clearly visible. A square red frame set at a point without a hazard symbol is not a pictogram
and is not permitted on the label.
(5) Precautionary statement(s). Precautionary statement(s) describe recommended measures that should be taken
to minimize or prevent adverse effects resulting from exposure to the hazardous chemical or improper storage or
handling. There are four types of precautionary statements: prevention (to minimize exposure), response (in case of
accidental spillage or exposure emergency response and first aid), storage, and disposal. For example, a chemical
presenting a specific target organ toxicity (repeated exposure) hazard would include the following on the label: “Do
not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray. Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell. Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local/regional/national and international regulations.”
(6) Name, address, and telephone number of the chemical manufacturer, importer, or other responsible
party. Self-explanatory.
b. Use signs, placards, process sheets, batch tickets, operating procedures, or other such written materials in lieu
of affixing labels to individual stationary process containers, as long as the alternative method identifies the containers
to which it is applicable and conveys the information required by paragraph 9–3a. Written materials will be readily
accessible to the Army personnel in their work area throughout each work shift.
c. Labeling is not required for portable containers into which hazardous chemicals are transferred from labeled
containers and which are intended only for the immediate use of the Army personnel who performs the transfer.
d. Labels or other forms of warning will be legible, in English, and prominently displayed on the container or
readily available in the work area throughout each work shift. For Army personnel who are not proficient in English,
supervisors will add the information in their language as well. Supervisors should contact the Army’s foreign language
proponent Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, G – 2 (DAMI – OP), 1000 Army Pentagon, Washington, DC 20310– 1000
for assistance with identifying translation resources or to contract for translation services.
e. Radiation items must be labeled in accordance with NRC, OSHA, DOT, and Army regulations.
9–4. Training requirements
a. Provide Army personnel effective information and training on hazardous chemicals in their work area at the
time of their initial assignment and whenever introducing a new chemical hazard to the work area. Design information
and training to cover categories of hazards (such as flammability, carcinogenicity) or specific chemicals. Chemicalspecific information must always be available through labels and SDSs. Army personnel will be informed of the
requirements of 29 CFR 1910.1200, this chapter, local requirements, any operations in their work area where

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

60

hazardous chemicals are present, and the location and availability of the written HAZCOM program, including the
required list(s) of hazardous chemicals and SDSs.
b. HAZCOM training will include the following and is required for RAMs in addition to the requirements of 49
CFR 172 Subpart H:
(1) Methods and observations that may be used to detect the presence or release of a hazardous chemical in the
work area (such as monitoring conducted by the employer, continuous monitoring devices, visual appearance or odor
of hazardous chemicals when being released, and so forth).
(2) The physical, health, simple asphyxiation, combustible dust, and pyrophoric gas hazards, as well as hazards not
otherwise classified, of the chemicals in the work area.
(3) The measures employees can take to protect themselves from these hazards, including specific procedures the
employer has implemented to protect employees from exposure to hazardous chemicals, such as appropriate work
practices, emergency procedures, and PPE to be used.
(4) The details of the command/organization HAZCOM program including an explanation of the labels received
on shipped containers, workplace labeling system used by their employer, the SDS including the order of information
and how employees can obtain and use the appropriate hazard information.
(5) SDS requirements to include how to read the SDS and the definitions of all 16 sections of the SDS.
(6) Labeling requirements and the definitions of the six parts of the chemical labels. This also includes identification of the different types of symbols and pictograms.

Chapter 10
Industrial and Base Operations Safety and Occupational Health
Section I
General
10–1. Introduction
a. SOH requirements codified in 29 CFR 1910 are applicable to Army industrial and base operations. 29 CFR 1910
requires the development and management of programs specifically addressing requirements and responsibilities for
the control of hazardous energy, permit-required confined space entry, and fall protection, as outlined in this chapter.
See also chapter 23 for electrical safety program requirements.
b. Construction SOH requirements are codified in 29 CFR 1926.502 and USACE EM 385 – 1 – 1.
10–2. Hierarchy of controls
Commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, and DRUs and the CNGB with industrial-based operations will implement the
appropriate hierarchy of controls to eliminate hazards in Army operations:
a. Elimination and substitution.
b. Engineering controls.
c. Administrative controls.
d. PPE.
10–3. Acquisition of materials, equipment, facilities, and systems
a. Acquisition of materials, equipment, facilities, and systems will comply with the requirements of this regulation,
29 CFR 1910, 29 CFR 1926, the NFPA, the NEC, and applicable consensus standards.
b. The acquisition of materials, equipment, facilities, and systems will maximize the use of engineering design to
mitigate residual risks when design changes to remove risks are not feasible.
Section II
Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout)
10–4. Introduction
The Army Lockout/Tagout Program assists commanders, directors, managers, and supervisors to reduce the risk of
Army employees’ exposure to hazardous energy. A lockout/tagout program refers to specific practices and procedures
to safeguard employees from the unexpected energization or startup of machinery and equipment, or the release of
hazardous energy during service or maintenance activities. Lockout devices provide protection by preventing machines or equipment from becoming energized because they are positive restraints that no one can remove without a

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

61

key or other unlocking mechanism, or through extraordinary means such as bolt cutters. Serious or fatal injuries can
occur if serviced or maintained machinery unexpectedly energizes, starts up, or releases stored energy. In accordance
with 29 CFR 1910.147, 29 CFR 1910.269, 29 CFR 1910.333, this regulation, and applicable consensus standards, all
Army leaders will develop and implement lockout/tagout procedures in their area of responsibility as applicable.
10–5. Lockout/tagout written program
a. Lockout/tagout written programs will—
(1) Include a statement on how to use the procedures.
(2) Include procedural steps to shut down, isolate, block, and secure machines that include locations where energycontrol devices are to be applied and how potential energy sources are to be brought to a zero-energy state.
(3) Include specific steps designating the safe placement, removal, and transfer of lockout/tagout devices and identifying who has responsibility for the lockout/tagout devices.
(4) Include specific requirements for testing machines to determine and verify the effectiveness of lockout devices,
tagout devices, and other energy-control measures.
(5) Address all energy sources.
(6) Include specific steps for machinery having more than one energy source.
b. The sequence of lockout or tagout system is:
(1) Notify all affected employees that a lockout or tagout system is in place and why. The authorized employee
will know the type and magnitude of energy that the machine or equipment utilizes and will understand the hazards
thereof.
(2) If the machine or equipment is operating, shut it down by normal stopping procedures (for example, depress
stop button, open toggle switch, and so on).
(3) Operate the switch, valve, or other energy-isolating devices so that the equipment is isolated from its energy
source. Stored energy (for example, in springs, elevated machine members, rotating flywheels, hydraulic systems, and
air, gas, steam, or water pressure) must be dissipated or restrained (for example, by positioning, blocking, or bleeding
down).
(4) Lockout and/or tagout the energy-isolating devices with assigned individual locks or tags.
(5) After ensuring that no personnel are exposed, and as a check on having disconnected the energy sources, operate
the push button or other normal operating controls to make certain the equipment will not operate. Caution—return
operating controls to “neutral” or “off” after the test.
(6) The equipment is now locked or tagged out.
(7) Tagout alone is not permitted unless it can be demonstrated the requirement of equivalent protection as lockout
can be achieved. In work areas where multiple employers are present, the equivalent protection requirements are
unlikely to be achieved and therefore tagout is prohibited.
c. To restore machines or equipment to normal production operations:
(1) After the servicing and/or maintenance is complete, and equipment is ready for normal production operations,
check the area around the machines or equipment to ensure that no one is exposed.
(2) Remove all tools from the machine or equipment, reinstall guards, and ensure employees are in the clear.
(3) Remove all lockout or tagout devices.
(4) Operate the energy-isolating devices to restore energy to the machine or equipment.
d. For processes in paragraph 10–5b, if more than one individual is required to lockout or tagout equipment, each
will place their own personal lockout device or tagout device on the energy-isolating device. When an energy-isolating
device cannot accept multiple locks or tags, a multiple lockout or tagout device (hasp) may be used. If lockout is used,
use a single lock to lockout the machine or equipment. Place the key in a lockout box or cabinet that allows the use of
multiple locks to secure it. Each employee will then use their own lock to secure the box or cabinet that allows the use
of multiple locks to secure it. As personnel no longer need to maintain lockout protection, that person will remove
their lock from the box or cabinet.
10–6. Special inspections requirements
a. Annual organizational workplace inspections will include the lockout/tagout program as part of the inspection
when applicable.
b. Supervisors will conduct periodic inspections to ensure personnel are familiar with their responsibilities and
continue to implement energy-control procedures properly. The periodic inspection of lockout procedures must include a review of each authorized personnel’s responsibilities under the energy-control procedure inspected. The periodic tagout inspection will include affected personnel because of the increased importance of their role in avoiding

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

62

accidental or inadvertent activation of the machinery. Inspection certification in accordance with 29 CFR
1910.147(c)(6)(ii) will include:
(1) Machine or equipment.
(2) Date of the inspection.
(3) Names of personnel included in the inspection.
(4) Name of the person who performed the inspection.
10–7. Training requirements
Training must ensure that authorized, affected, and other personnel understand the purpose, function, and restrictions
of the energy-control program as it pertains to them.
a. Authorized personnel are those responsible for implementing the energy-control procedures or performing the
service or maintenance activities. They need the knowledge and skills necessary for the safe application, use, and
removal of energy-isolating devices. They also need training in the following:
(1) Hazardous energy source recognition.
(2) The type and magnitude of the hazardous energy sources in the workplace.
(3) Energy-control procedures, including the methods and means to isolate and control those energy sources.
b. Affected personnel (usually machine operators or users) operate the relevant machinery or are required to be in
the area where service or maintenance occur. These personnel do not service or maintain machinery or perform lockout/tagout activities. Affected personnel must receive training in the purpose and use of energy-control procedures as
well as:
(1) Recognizing when the energy-control procedure is used.
(2) Understanding the purpose of the procedure.
(3) Understanding the importance of not tampering with lockout or tagout devices and not starting or using locked
or tagged out equipment.
(4) Understanding keys should be removed from locks to prevent unauthorized opening.
c. All other personnel whose work operations are in an area where energy-control procedures are used must receive
instruction regarding the energy-control procedure and the prohibition against removing a lockout or tagout device
and attempting to restart, reenergize, or operate the machinery.
d. Trainers will conduct initial training before starting service and maintenance activities and must provide retraining as necessary. The supervisor will document all provided required training including names and dates of persons trained. Re-training is required for all authorized and affected employees whenever there is a change in any of
the following:
(1) Job assignments.
(2) Machinery and/or processes that present a new hazard.
(3) Energy-control procedures.
(4) Whenever a periodic inspection reveals, or an employer has reason to believe, that shortcomings exist in an
employee’s knowledge or use of the energy-control.
10–8. Lockout/tagout devices
In accordance with 29 CFR 1910.147, lockout or tagout devices must be the only devices the supervisor uses in conjunction with energy-isolating devices to control hazardous energy.
a. The supervisor will singularly identify and provide these devices and ensure they are not used for other purposes.
b. Supervisors will ensure lockout or tagout devices have the following characteristics:
(1) Durable enough to withstand workplace conditions.
(2) Standardized according to color, shape or size, print and format, and understandable by all personnel.
(3) Substantial enough to minimize the likelihood of premature or accidental removal.
(4) Labeled with the identity of the authorized employee who applied the lockout device.
c. In accordance with 29 CFR 190.147, the host and the contractor will share information related to their lockout
programs.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

63

Section III
Confined Spaces
10–9. Introduction
This section provides procedures to protect personnel from the hazards of entry into permit-required and/or nonpermitrequired confined spaces in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.146. Many work areas and operations contain “confined”
spaces because their configurations hinder the activities of Army personnel who must enter into, work in, or exit from
them. In many instances, personnel who work in confined spaces also face increased risk of exposure to serious physical injury from hazards such as entrapment, engulfment, and hazardous atmospheric conditions. Confinement itself
may pose entrapment hazards and work in confined spaces may keep Army personnel closer to hazards such as machinery components than they would be otherwise. The Directorate of Public Works or equivalent or command designated activity will maintain a list of all known permit-required and nonpermit-required confined spaces in order to
prevent injury and possible death.
a. A confined space is a space that is large enough and configured for an individual to enter and perform work, has
limited or restricted means to enter or exit and perform work, and is not designed for continuous employee occupancy.
b. A permit-required confined space is a confined space that has any one of the following characteristics:
(1) Contains, or has the potential to contain, a hazardous atmosphere.
(2) Contains a material that has a potential for engulfing an entrant.
(3) Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging
walls or by a floor which slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross-section.
(4) Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard.
c. Confined spaces include, but are not limited to, boilers, cupolas, degreasers, furnaces, pipelines, pits, pumping
stations, septic tanks, sewage digesters, sewers, manholes, silos, storage tanks, utility vaults, vats, tunnels, cells, ducts,
or similar type enclosures.
10–10. Confined space program
a. Leaders, through their SOH personnel, will establish a written comprehensive confined space program, evaluation process, and training for each confined space in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.146.
b. The program will include:
(1) Roles and responsibilities (for example, safety, F&ES, supervisors, attendants, and authorized entrants).
(2) Permit procedures.
(3) Training requirements.
(4) Designated permit-required confined spaces.
(5) Emergency procedures.
(6) Required protective equipment.
c. Supervisors will provide emergency procedures and training for personnel assigned to a confined space entry
job.
d. Atmospheres within confined spaces must be tested and analyzed prior to entry. The local industrial hygiene
section, F&ES, safety office, Directorate of Public Works, or other personnel who have the proper equipment and
training to conduct occupational air monitoring of the confined space will perform tests and analyses.
e. Permit-required confined space site-specific entry permits are developed locally and are to be available/posted
at each permit-required confined space throughout the permit-required confined space operation. The permit should
state the duration of the permit and be signed by entry personnel, attendant, and confined space competent person.
10–11. Comprehensive confined space plan
a. The written comprehensive confined space plan for each space will—
(1) Implement necessary measures to prevent unauthorized entry.
(2) Identify and evaluate permit space hazards before allowing employee entry.
(3) Test atmospheric conditions in the permit space before entry operations and monitor the space during entry.
(4) Perform appropriate testing for the following atmospheric hazards in this sequence: oxygen, combustible gases
or vapors, and toxic gases or vapors.
(5) Establish and implement the means, procedures, and practices to eliminate or control hazards necessary for safe
permit space entry operations.
(6) Identify employee job duties.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

64

(7) Require, provide, and maintain, at no cost to the employee, PPE and any other equipment necessary for safe
entry.
(8) Ensure that at least one attendant is stationed outside the permit space for the duration of entry operations.
(9) Coordinate entry operations when employees of more than one employer are working in the permit space.
(10) Implement appropriate procedures for summoning rescue and emergency services and preventing unauthorized personnel from attempting rescue.
(11) Establish and implement a system for the preparation, issue, use, and cancellation of entry permits.
(12) Review established entry operations annually and revise the permit space entry program as necessary.
(13) Implement the procedures that any attendant who is required to monitor multiple spaces will follow during an
emergency in one or more of those spaces.
b. The confined space plan will establish the means, procedures, and practices to eliminate or control hazards
necessary for safe permit-required space entry operations. These may include:
(1) Specifying acceptable entry conditions.
(2) Isolating the permit space.
(3) Providing barriers.
(4) Verifying acceptable entry conditions.
(5) Purging, making inert, flushing, or ventilating the permit space.
c. Contracting officers or CORs will inform all contractors coming to the Army facility to perform work when
permit-required confined spaces exist in their work areas. The COR will verify contractor’s permit-required confined
space plan is complaint with 29 CFR 1910.146 and will include contractor’s responsibility to provide their own capable on-site rescue team independent of installation F&ES.
10–12. Confined space evaluations
a. Supervisors, with support from SOH personnel or individuals trained in confined space recognition as outlined
in the written comprehensive confined space program (see para 10 –10), will—
(1) Determine if confined spaces meet the definition of permit-required confined spaces and require equipment
necessary for safe entry.
(2) Develop an inventory list of all permit-required and nonpermit confined spaces.
(3) Evaluate nonpermit confined spaces when changes occur in their use or configuration and reclassify them as
permit-required spaces where appropriate.
b. Army leaders must take effective measures to prevent unauthorized entry into prohibited permit-required spaces.
c. A space with no potential to have atmospheric hazards may be classified as a nonpermit confined space only
when all hazards are eliminated in accordance with the standard. If entry is required to eliminate hazards and obtain
data, the employer must follow specific procedures in the standard.
d. Entry supervisors will evaluate permit-required confined spaces to include:
(1) Respiratory equipment.
(2) Protective clothing.
(3) Safety line.
(4) Body harness.
(5) Communication equipment.
(6) Air monitoring equipment.
(7) Air testing equipment.
10–13. Confined space entry training requirements
a. Before the initial work assignment begins and annually thereafter, supervisors must provide proper training for
all workers who are required to work in permit-required spaces. Coordinate all entry training with the supporting
F&ES. All training will be certified, documented, kept on file, and provided to the employee upon request.
b. After the training, supervisors must ensure that their personnel have knowledge, skills, and abilities to safely
perform their duties. Additional training is required when:
(1) The job duties change.
(2) A change occurs in the permit space program or the permit space operation presents any new hazard.
(3) An employee’s job performance shows deficiencies.
c. Rescue team members require additional training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and first aid.
10–14. Confined space entry process for permit-required confined spaces
a. The following process will be followed in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.146. An entry supervisor will—

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

65

(1) Verify the appropriate entries to the permit before entry into a permit-required confined space.
(2) Complete and post permits at entry of confined space.
(3) Perform testing and monitoring in the following manner:
(a) The tests performed will be conducted in the following order: oxygen content, flammability, and toxic materials. These tests will verify OSHA standards and include upper explosive limit and lower explosive limit readings.
(b) Prohibit entry into a confined space for any type of hot work when tests indicate the concentration of flammable
gases in the atmosphere is greater than 10 percent of the lower flammability limit.
(c) Equipment for continuous monitoring of gases and vapors will be explosion-proof and equipped with an audible
alarm or danger signaling device that will alert employees when a hazardous condition develops.
(d) The percentage of oxygen for entry into a confined space will be no less than 19.5 percent nor greater than 23.5
percent.
(4) Label and post in the following manner:
(a) Print all warning signs in both English and in the predominant language of the workers who do not read English.
Supervisors can contact the Army’s foreign language proponent in Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, G – 2
(DAMI – OP), 1000 Army Pentagon, Washington, DC 20310 – 1000 for assistance with identifying translation resources or to contract for translation services.
(b) All entrances to any permit-required confined space will be posted; signs will include, but not necessarily be
limited to, the following information: DANGER – CONFINED SPACE ENTRY BY PERMIT ONLY.
(c) When a specific work practice is performed or specific safety equipment is necessary, an applicable statement
will be added (for example, RESPIRATOR REQUIRED FOR ENTRY, LIFELINE REQUIRED FOR ENTRY, HOT
WORK PERMITTED).
(d) Post emergency procedures, including phone numbers for F&ES, conspicuously within the immediate area of
the confined space or by the telephone from which help would be summoned.
b. In accordance with 29 CFR 1910.132(d), a written PPE assessment must be performed on all confined space
entry activities. PPE should take the following into consideration:
(1) Eye and face protection.
(2) Head protection.
(3) Foot protection.
(4) Body protection: gloves, aprons, and over-suits.
(5) Hearing protection.
(6) Respiratory protection. (The use of respiratory protection will be determined by the entry supervisor.)
(7) Hand protection.
c. Processes for rescues and retrievals must be put into place to ensure in the event of a mishap in the confined
space personnel can be promptly and safely removed. This action includes, but is not limited to:
(1) Annual mock rescue training for those responsible for performing confined space rescues, including onsite
F&ES.
(2) Annual mock rescue training for those using a self-retrieval system to remove personnel in the space.
(3) Validation that confined space attendants carry valid first aid and CPR certifications.
(4) Written agreements between the onsite F&ES and outside contractors who are relying on onsite F&ES for
confined space rescue duties.
Section IV
Fall Protection Program
10–15. Introduction
This section prescribes policies and responsibilities for Army-owned and/or Army-operated permanent facilities with
open-sided floors, platforms, or unprotected edges 4 feet or higher and for construction work with a fall protection
threshold height of 6 feet. Fall protection is required where there is a possibility of a fall from any height onto dangerous equipment, into a hazardous environment, or onto an impalement hazard.
10–16. Authority
A competent person qualified in delivering fall protection training, use of fall protection systems/equipment, and the
recognition of fall hazards will train all Army personnel exposed to fall hazards before using fall protection equipment.
Competent persons must—
a. Be qualified in the fall hazards in the work area.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

66

b. Be qualified in the correct procedures for erecting, maintaining, disassembling, and inspecting the fall protection
systems. Use and operation of guardrail systems, personal fall arrest systems, safety net systems, warning line systems,
safety monitoring systems, controlled access zones, and other protection to be used will be in accordance with 29 CFR
1910.21 through 29 CFR 1910. 30, and ANSI Z359.2.
c. Conduct competent person refresher training at least every 2 years to stay current with the fall protection and
rescue educational industry requirements or when new fall protection systems are used, installed, or new fall hazards
are encountered.
d. Include RM in fall protection plans and training and conduct risk assessments prior to start of work on all operations.
10–17. Rescue process
Leaders will prepare and maintain a rescue plan in accordance with ANSI Z359.2 when workers are working at heights
and using fall protection equipment. Note OSHA requires that fall protection be provided at elevations of 4 feet in
general industry workplaces, 5 feet in shipyards, 6 feet in the construction industry and 8 feet in longshoring operations.
10–18. Guardrail systems
All personnel will use guardrail protection systems in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.28 and 29 CFR 1910.29 to protect
personnel from falls as appropriate.
10–19. Fall protection systems
All personal fall arrest systems will meet the requirements contained in ANSI Z359.1.
10–20. Conditions where fall protection is used in construction operations
Personnel will be protected from falling while working in construction operations in accordance with 29 CFR
1926.502 and USACE EM 385 – 1 – 1.
10–21. Training
a. Fall protection training will include, but not be limited to, the following:
(1) The role of each individual in the safety monitoring system when this system is used.
(2) Limitations on the use of mechanical equipment during the performance of roofing work on low-sloped roofs.
(3) The correct procedures for the handling and storage of equipment and materials and the erection of overhead
protection.
(4) The role of personnel in the activity’s fall protection plan.
(5) End user training in the safe use of protection equipment prior to use. The competent person for fall protection
will conduct hands-on training and practical demonstrations for the end user. Provide re-training as necessary for
employees to maintain an understanding of these subjects.
(6) For Army personnel who may be in a situation that requires climbing involving the use of fall arrest systems,
the end user training will also include practical climbing in a controlled situation in the presence of a competent person.
Additionally, train end users in rescue and self-rescue equipment and procedures.
(7) Train all Army architects, engineers, and in-house designers involved in planning and designing buildings,
facilities, and structures to incorporate fall protection and prevention control measures into their design work to help
contractors during the construction phase and provide protection to Army personnel performing their work during
normal operation and maintenance phase. The training should emphasize eliminating fall hazards and, if not, provide
a mechanism or control measure for protecting workers from such hazards.
(8) All Army architects, engineers, and other inspectors conducting inspection, investigation, and assessment work
on existing roof systems will be trained prior to accessing the roof and to take precautionary measures to protect
themselves and other members of the inspection team from fall hazards.
(9) PM, qualified person, competent person end user (authorized person), authorized rescuers, as well as any associated fall protection trainers will be as prescribed in ANSI/ASSE Z359.2. All fall protection training including refresher/update training should also conform to the requirements of ANSI/ASSP Z490.1.
(10) Personnel exposed to fall hazards will receive refresher/update training on the safe use of fall protection equipment and rescue. End user, competent person for fall protection, and authorized rescuer (person who conducts rescue)
will conduct required update/refresher training at least every 2 years to stay current with the fall protection and rescue
educational requirements.
(11) Provide re-training in relevant topics to the end user when:

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

67

(a) The end user has been observed using fall protection equipment in an unsafe manner.
(b) The end user has been involved in a mishap or a near miss incident.
(c) The end user has received an evaluation that reveals that he or she is not using the fall protection equipment
properly.
(d) The end user is assigned a different type of fall equipment or methods change during the course of new work
practices that reduce the risk of a person falling (for example, erecting warning lines or designated areas, restricting
access to certain areas, or posting warning signs).
(e) A condition in the workplace changes in a manner that could affect the safe use of the fall protection equipment
that the end user is to utilize.
(12) Provide re-training, as necessary, for workers to maintain an understanding of these requirements.
b. Commander/director/supervisor responsible for Army personnel that require fall protection will verify worker
training by a written certification record identifying the worker trained, the dates of the training, and the signature of
the trainer and trainee.
c. Training of Army personnel involved in the fall protection program—program administrators/PMs, qualified
persons, competent persons, end users (for example, authorized persons), authorized rescuers, as well as any associated
fall protection trainers—will be as described in ANSI/ASSE Z357.
d. Fall protection training will be a minimum of 24 hours, with a combination of at least 16 hours of formal classroom training and 8 hours of practical application. Training will conform to the requirements of ANSI/ASSP Z490.1.

Chapter 11
Public, Family, Child and Youth, Off-Duty Recreation, and Seasonal Safety
11–1. Introduction
As in all aspects of military planning and operations, RM applies to public and recreational activities. Injuries and
fatalities occurring during off-duty time are detrimental to combat effectiveness; therefore, Soldiers will use RM when
planning off-duty activities. It is highly recommended that DA Civilians do the same. Integrate RM in all nonduty
community operations and activities to reduce risk of accidental losses. An integral part of this is training and inspections of public recreation areas and facilities to ensure that safety procedures and equipment are used. SOH messages
will include appropriate topics for the season and upcoming holidays.
11–2. Family safety plan
a. The SOH program will consist of guidelines for developing family safety plans and promoting community safety
awareness (see DA Pam 385 –10). All families are encouraged to develop safety plans intended to keep the family safe
during normal activities as well as during unplanned events and/or emergency situations. The safety plan should address such critical safety areas as:
(1) How to exit from the home during fire or other emergencies and how to establish rendezvous points to verify
that all members have exited the home. When children are younger, the plan should include who is responsible for
assisting the younger children in evacuation.
(2) The placement and proper use of safety monitors (smoke detectors, carbon monoxide detectors, and similar
devices) and regular maintenance (for example, battery replacement) of these devices.
(3) Procedures for ensuring sports, hunting, or kitchen knives and firearms are secured and not accessible by children or other unauthorized persons.
(4) Proper use and storage of household products (cleaning material, automotive products, gas, oil, antifreeze, batteries, medicines, vitamins, lotions, and other beauty products) so that they are not accessible by young children.
(5) Backup plans when adults are not able to contact children (procedures may be to contact a trustworthy neighbor
or police officer, to remain at school, or other appropriate safe action).
(6) How to use emergency 911 or other specific emergency numbers to summon help.
(7) How to seek shelter during seasonal or bad weather, such as tornadoes.
(8) Location of emergency supplies, such as flashlights and tools, and when and how they should be used. Emergency supplies are properly monitored to ensure that they are current and in useable status.
(9) The correct way to use safety equipment (for example, seat belts, helmets, pads, or hearing and vision protection).
(10) The use of lights and reflective clothing in low visibility conditions.
(11) Avoid obstruction of hearing by radio or other devices that may mask sounds of traffic or safety signals.
(12) Off-road driving training and PPE requirements.
(13) Avoid alcohol use while performing activities involving travel and vehicular safety.
AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

68

(14) Street safety that includes the correct way to walk on a road without sidewalks, observing crosswalks, and
signs for safe travel.
b. Recreational safety planning for the family should address such areas as:
(1) Explaining the rules of each game or activity.
(2) Protective equipment required, to include hearing and/or vision protection, and how to use it.
(3) How to travel safely to and from play sites.
(4) Heat illness prevention to include signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion, stroke, cramps, and so forth and how
to respond.
(5) Inclement weather.
11–3. Public safety
a. The Army goal is to show the public that a well-organized professional organization is in place. Ensuring public
safety is a critical step in achieving this goal.
b. When the public has access to facilities under the control of the U.S. Army, precautions must be in place to
assure a reasonable level of safety. Precautions that must be in place include:
(1) Signs with procedures for parking, paths to be used to access open areas, and hazard warnings.
(2) Enforcement of protective equipment use (both personal and general).
(3) Proper maintenance of area (such as parks, playgrounds, parade ground, commissary) into which the public is
allowed.
(4) Notices posted on how to seek emergency assistance.
11–4. Volunteer safety
Volunteers, both statutory and Army Community Service, are valuable assets that provide beneficial human resources
to the installation. Volunteers provide needed support to many Army activities both recreationally and work-related.
Assure the safety of volunteers in activities conducted on base, either directly for government-sponsored activities or
through appropriate agreements with private organizations. Apply Army safety policy or regulation including the local
ASOHP and SOPs to personnel in volunteer positions used in lieu of an equivalent paid government position. Report
any mishap to a volunteer and capture in OSHA 300 Form (see chap 3). Planners will conduct RM for governmentsponsored activities.
11–5. Seasonal safety and occupational health campaigns
Develop promotional programs and procedures to increase awareness of the specific hazards associated with the
change of seasons and celebration of holidays. These programs and procedures will emphasize the application of RM
and responsible behavior in planning for outings, celebrations, travel, recreational activities, motor vehicles, and consumption of alcohol. Immediate supervisors will conduct safety briefings prior to holidays and long weekends to
emphasize the use of RM and hazard mitigation.
11–6. Recreational boating
Garrison commanders will develop, publish, post, and enforce rules and regulations for all on-installation boating
activities (for example, sailing, canoeing, skiing, personal watercraft, fishing) addressing boating speed limits, alcohol
consumption, right-of-way requirements, approved personal flotation devices, required safety training, mishap reporting, and boating operator licensing according to federal, state, and local laws.
11–7. Installation recreation areas
Garrison commanders will develop, post, and enforce SOPs to ensure public and military personnel safety at all recreational facilities and areas (camping, hunting, and picnic areas; baseball and multi-recreational sport facilities;
equestrian centers; automotive shops; arts and craft centers). SOPs will include safety procedures, requirements, and
rules pertaining to the facility and area, training required, emergency reporting, and any other additional information
necessary to maintain a safe and healthful environment.
11–8. Child, Youth, and School Services Program and facilities
a. The garrison safety officer will—
(1) Conduct precertification and annual recertification inspections of FCC homes in accordance with AR 608 –10.
(2) Conduct annual comprehensive safety inspections of all child and youth programs in accordance with the annual HQDA Executive Order.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

69

(3) Monitor the safety of child, youth, and school (CYS) services facilities as a special hazard area and conduct
required inspections.
(4) Verify corrective action for deficiencies identified during safety inspections.
(5) Conduct additional inspections and monitoring as needed to verify corrective actions are maintained over time,
conduct staff training, and provide requested staff assistance.
(6) Provide safety training with emphasis on high-risk populations and provide requested staff assistance.
(7) Provide training and monitor performance of a program-appointed safety officer for the purpose of monitoring
safety standards within the program. Review monthly safety inspection reports of program-appointed safety officers
and periodically verify the validity of inspections.
(8) Serve as a member of the installation multidisciplinary team inspection of child and youth programs in accordance with the annual HQDA Executive Order.
(9) Input CYS facilities and FCC homes into installation hazard abatement programs as necessary.
(10) Consult on CYS coordinator SOPs to ensure that CYS staff apply RM to their daily planning, field trip events,
and other activities.
b. CYS services facilities will meet the requirements of this regulation, AR 40 – 5, and CYS services safety-related
standards.
c. The garrison safety officer will assist the CYS coordinator in the development of daily safety monitoring checklists for CYS services facilities, playgrounds, FCC homes, sports fields, equipment, and toys.
d. AMC– IMCOM safety officers will review and provide feedback to HQDA on child and youth safety inspection
standards and guidance.
e. Fifteen-passenger vans will not be used to transport children and youth.
11–9. Privately-owned weapons
SOH programs will include information regarding privately-owned weapons. Proper handling of privately-owned
weapons off duty is just as critical as the proper handling of military weapons on duty. Not all weapons operate in the
same manner and proficiency with an assigned military weapon does not make an individual an expert on all weapons.
Commanders should encourage Soldiers to read their owner’s manual and seek training for their privately-owned
weapons. Privately-owned weapons mishaps commonly occur in social settings where alcohol is present. Never handle
weapons while or after consuming alcohol. Information and training materials for privately-owned weapons are available at USACRC website at https://safety.army.mil/off-duty/privately-owned-weapons.

Chapter 12
Tactical Operations
12–1. Introduction
Commanders with a tactical mission will implement a tactical safety program that integrates SOH principles, theories,
and concepts into the command’s tactical operations (tactical equipment and facilities, contingency, exercise, field
environments, and so forth). The program will prescribe policy, procedures, and processes for integrating SOH and
RM in planning, preparation, and execution of the command’s operational process as stated in AR 11 –35, ADP 5– 0,
ADP 6 –0, and ATP 5 – 19. SOH requirements that are not met will be identified during the military decision-making
process and RM principles will be applied. The program will include the organization’s RM process, risk decision
authority, OEH RM, mishap reporting procedures, SOH personnel planning, SOH training requirements, operation
orders (OPORDs) SOH review process, SOH augmentation detachment process, force mobilization, common hazards
and countermeasures in tactical environments, SOH procedures for participating in field operations/bivouac areas, and
force after action reporting (see mandatory procedures in DA Pam 385 – 10).
12–2. Risk management
Commanders with a tactical mission will integrate RM principles into planning, preparation, and execution of the
OPORD process of all tactical and contingency operations in accordance with AR 11 – 35, ADP 5 – 0, ADP 6 – 0, and
ATP 5 –19. Analyze all expected tactical threat-based and accidental hazard-based vulnerabilities to determine associated risk.
12–3. Safety and occupational health personnel planning
Commanders with a tactical mission will establish written procedures to provide guidelines for unit SOH personnel
responsibilities prior to contingency and tactical operations that include:

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

70

a. Process for reviewing the OPORD and its SOH implications and coordinate responsibilities.
b. Establish coordination between parent and subordinate organizations to meet periodically during the training,
contingency, and tactical operations to share experiences and lessons learned.
c. Ensure that the means of contacting each safety individual is in place.
12–4. Safety and occupational health training
SOH professionals will provide SOH training in those areas needed for safe and efficient execution of the operation.
This training will specifically address:
a. The PPE required.
b. General SOH requirements peculiar to the contingency and tactical operations.
c. Special SOH requirements.
d. Lessons learned from previous contingency and tactical operations.
e. The pre-mishap plan including procedures for reporting and responding to mishaps.
12–5. Hazards in tactical environments
DA policy is to conserve the Army’s fighting strength by minimizing or preventing disease and injury through force
health protection programs. All personnel are responsible for maintaining their health and fitness. History has repeatedly shown that noncombat losses have played a significant role in the outcome of military operations. While mission
requirements will dictate unit policies, commanders must evaluate the effects of OEH hazards on their ability to complete the mission. Assess the following OEH hazards (in coordination with preventive medicine personnel) using RM,
document actual risk to personnel, and implement appropriate actions to eliminate or minimize the risk:
a. Accidental or deliberate release of weaponized or nonweaponized toxic industrial chemicals (TICs)/toxic industrial materials (TIMs), ionizing and nonionizing radiological hazards, physical hazards (such as noise, heat, cold, and
altitude), and the hazards/residue from the use of chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosives (CBRNE).
b. Food, water, vector, and arthropod borne threats, endemic diseases, zoonotic diseases, residues, or agents naturally occurring or resulting from previous activities of U.S. forces or other concerns, such as non-U.S. military forces,
local national governments, or local national agricultural, industrial, or commercial activities.
c. TICs/TIMs or hazardous physical agents (such as hazardous noise levels, blast over pressure, and ionizing and
nonionizing radiation) currently being generated as a byproduct of the activities of U.S. forces or other concerns
(including pre-deployment activities), such as non-U.S. military forces, local national governments, or local national
agricultural, industrial, or commercial activities.
12–6. Seats out operations on Army aircraft (manned)
a. Authorizations to remove seats and/or seatbelts will be for operational/training necessity only and never for
convenience.
b. Crewmembers will wear a properly adjusted seat belt and shoulder harness while performing crew duties. Approved alternate restraining harness is authorized for crewmembers when required to perform specified crew tasks in
accordance with aircrew training module.
c. Missions that require the removal of seats or alternate restraint methods (other than approved Airworthiness
Release) must be considered higher risk to passengers. These missions are outlined in TC 21 – 24.
(1) Risk management. Authorization to remove seats and seat belts does not negate the responsibility of leaders to
further risk mitigate seats out operations. Requestors and approval authorities must carefully weigh the mission/training benefits of seats out operations against the increased risk these operations create for passengers.
(a) Static load rehearsals of door strap removal, individual restraint release, and aircrew offload signal followed by
passenger offload must be rehearsed prior to mission execution.
(b) Passengers will be secured by seat belts, individual alternate restraints, and/or door straps as applicable. Alternate restraints are intended to replicate a seat belt as much as possible; therefore, they must be of a length and type
that mitigates injuries by limiting passenger movement and preventing ejection during a hard landing, crash, or rollover sequence. Where the device attaches to the aircraft must also be considered and briefed to passengers.
(2) Infiltration/exfiltration techniques. The conduct of paradrop, rappelling, helocast, caving (Jacobs) ladder, special purpose insertional extractions, short tactical airborne operations, and fast rope infiltration and extractions with
seats removed/stowed when required by an approved mission-essential task list or approved U.S. Army Aviation
Center of Excellence program of instruction/training support package can be performed without seats installed. No
special approval or waiver is required for the passengers. Mission passengers will be secured per paragraph 12–
6c(1)(b) from before takeoff until the pre-coordinated and briefed individual restraint and/or door strap release
point/time.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

71

(3) Airland. Operations including air assault, tactical air transport operations, and patients not restrained in accordance with AR 95 – 1 (for example, casualty evacuation) require acceptance of risk for removal of seats and seat
belts and is the responsibility of the passenger’s chain of command. Airland operations (air assault or tactical air
transport) passengers will be secured per paragraph 12–6c(1)(b) from before takeoff until after the aircraft is safely on
the ground and the aircrew signals clear to offload.
(4) Approval authority. For airland seats out operations in Army aircraft, approval authority is the first O – 7 in the
passenger’s chain of command. Army aircraft are defined as any U.S. Army, ARNG, or USAR aircraft.
(a) The approval authority must accept the additional risk to their personnel and acknowledge the risk in the authorization via memorandum. Verbal orders of commanding officer authorization are authorized but will be documented via memorandum as soon as practicable.
(b) For operations in support of training, approvals to remove seats and seat belts will be granted on a case-by-case
basis only and are limited to specific missions or training events. Blanket approvals are not authorized.
(c) For operations in support of overseas contingency operations, approval to remove seats and seat belts may be
granted for a specific period of time (such as number of days, specific operation, and so forth). The approval authority
will document and disseminate that decision. Seats out operations will not be approved for extended or open-ended
operations.
(d) Once a passenger’s chain of command accepts the risk, the aviation mission approval process is completed per
AR 95 –1. Aviation risk assessments will not automatically be considered as high risk when passenger seats/seat belts
are removed.
(5) Army special operations forces considerations. ARSOF personnel will follow USSOCOM manuals and
USASOC regulations when conducting seats out operations.
12–7. Tactical water safety operations
Commanders of units conducting water operations or conducting operations in or around water hazards should develop
and implement standard procedures to identify visually weak and nonswimmers and provide water survival training
appropriate to their mission on the most likely water hazards that personnel may encounter. Additional guidance is in
ATP 7 –22.01.
12–8. Demobilization/reintegration (force mobilization)
With continued deployments and redeployments of Soldiers, all leaders will mitigate risks by ensuring that every
Soldier knows his or her role and remains focused on the inherent dangers. Leaders are responsible to reduce the
likelihood of at-risk behavior during post deployment, reintegration, and reconstitution. A primary consideration
should be to reset each individual’s risk acceptance threshold. Use the following to expedite the refamiliarization and
reconstitution process:
a. Schedule briefings. Returning personnel may not have driven on congested U.S. highways or been involved in
social drinking situations for several weeks or months. Therefore, briefings will include seatbelt use; safe driving
factors such as speed limits, rest stops, and focus of attention; alcohol consumption and driving, swimming, boating,
and operating other recreational vehicles; alcohol use and domestic violence; Army substance abuse policy; and POV
safety.
b. Review the last risk reduction quarterly statistics received prior to deployment for indications of at-risk behaviors
and the interventions needed to reduce the likelihood of reoccurrence. Plan to incorporate those interventions during
reconstitution.
c. Develop and use an individual risk assessment, which should begin during redeployment and continue through
reconstitution.
d. Soldiers returning from deployments must be reintroduced into their nondeployment roles as Soldiers, husbands,
wives, mothers, fathers, and citizens so that they readjust to the new stressors and different demands. Develop strategies and procedures to—
(1) Complete DD Form 2796 (Post Deployment Health Assessment (PDHA)).
(2) Assess, treat, and document adverse or potentially adverse exposures or negative health-related behaviors during mobilization and demobilization.
(3) Provide health threat briefings to educate spouses on health-related symptoms and myths, to include information on identifying potential signs and symptoms of distress and treatment options.
e. Upon return, the process continues during a set number of days offering classes, additional medical screening,
and information to Soldiers and their Families prior to the Soldier taking leave. This helps smooth the reunion process
for Soldiers and their Families by recognizing and establishing realistic expectations about the reunion. They will
learn to spot symptoms of stress and learn about sources of assistance and the importance of communication.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

72

f. Provide briefing and education on changes in relationships, single Soldier parent issues, and child behaviors.
g. Provide training in suicide awareness and prevention, individual and family communication, and a medical threat
brief.
h. Battalion or equivalent-level commanders will initiate enrollment into the ARAP within 90 days of assuming
command as part of their Army Force Generation Reset phase.
(1) Commanders will register to take ARAP.
(2) Commanders will review ARAP results.
(3) Brigade and division or equivalent-level commanders will review the results as authorized.
12–9. Department of the Army Civilian safety and occupational health personnel deployment
DA Civilian SOH personnel deployments will comply with AR 690 – 11. Additional information is available in the
Leader’s Guide to the Tactical Safety Professional at https://safety.army.mil/cp-12/resources/leaders-guides.

Chapter 13
Motor Vehicle Mishap Prevention
13–1. Introduction
This chapter establishes requirements for implementing a motor vehicle mishap prevention program.
13–2. Motor vehicle mishap prevention program requirements
Commanders will develop and maintain a motor vehicle safety program to reduce risk of motor vehicle-related mishap
losses. The program will include policy and procedures prescribing the following as appropriate:
a. Selecting, training, testing, and licensing Army motor vehicle operators according to AR 600 –55.
b. Conducting required Army motor vehicle preventive maintenance checks and services (PMCS) in accordance
with Army regulations, technical manuals, and operator’s manuals.
c. Authorities and responsibilities for supervisors, senior occupants, vehicle commanders (VCs), motor vehicle
operators, and assistant drivers (see responsibilities and mandatory procedures in DA Pam 385 – 10).
d. Training, education, familiarization, or motivation programs to prevent motor vehicle mishaps. (These programs
should encompass the onand off-duty operation of motor vehicles.)
e. Training in rollover and other emergencies for tactical and combat vehicles.
f. Occupant protection.
g. Prevention of operator fatigue.
h. Impaired driving prevention to include training and education on underage drinking, developing a working relationship with appropriate local authorities, and suspending driving privileges for persons convicted of impaired
driving.
i. Safety equipment requirements.
j. Ground guides requirements.
k. Safety requirements for COTS utility vehicles (referred to as specialty vehicles such as Segway HT, M-Gators,
Gators, “Mule” utility vehicle, aircraft tugs, and low-speed vehicles such as golf carts) in garrison or tactical environments.
l. Safe movement of personnel.
m. Motorcycle safety.
n. Pedestrian safety.
o. Autonomous vehicle technologies.
13–3. General motor vehicles safety standards
a. Maintain Army motor vehicles in a safe and serviceable condition in accordance with this regulation, AR 750 – 1,
mandatory procedures in DA Pam 385 –10, DA Pam 750 –8, and appropriate maintenance manuals and vehicle technical manuals.
b. Ensure all trailers are equipped with serviceable lights and safety chains or similar devices and properly connected to the prime mover to prevent breakaway trailer mishaps.
c. Ensure vehicles that make frequent stops (for example, police, garbage detail, trail vehicles, and so forth) are
equipped with fully operational rotating warning lights, either portable or permanently mounted and visible for 360
degrees.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

73

d. Ensure vehicles and trailers are equipped in accordance with the applicable federal motor vehicle safety standard
(FMVSS), 49 CFR 571, and state motor vehicle safety standards and manufacturer requirements.
e. Commercial type passenger carrying Army motor vehicles, as defined in AR 58 – 1, which are purchased, leased,
or rented by the U.S. Army for use in the United States (see definition in glossary), will meet all applicable requirements of 49 CFR 571.
f. Nondevelopmental item (NDI) vehicles built to government-modified manufacturers’ specifications will also
meet applicable requirements of FMVSS, unless the U.S. Army Tank-Automotive and Armaments Command
(TACOM) (designated by the DCS, G – 4 as the lead agent for wholesale logistics management) issues a written waiver.
g. Foreign-built commercial vehicles purchased, leased, or rented for use outside the United States will meet all
applicable safety requirements of the country in which they are registered or assigned. Prior to procuring foreign-built
commercial vehicles, commanders of outside the United States ACOMs will review the motor vehicle safety standards
for acceptability. The review will include all standards applicable to the make, model, and year of manufacture for
each type of vehicle. Vehicles intended for export to the United States must comply with U.S. safety import standards.
h. Tactical and combat vehicles designed to contract specifications may be exempt from FMVSS if such compliance would unacceptably degrade essential military characteristics. Commanders responsible for establishing design
characteristics will follow MIL – STD– 1180B(1). TACOM can provide the latest version of the military standard.
i. Ensure all Army motor vehicles other than tactical and combat vehicles are equipped with restraint systems
unless TACOM issues a waiver.
j. Ensure Army motor vehicles have rollover protection or vehicle roof structure crush protection that conforms to
49 CFR 571.216 unless TACOM issues a waiver.
k. Provide test participants with appropriate restraint systems and/or rollover protective structures during vehicle
developmental testing.
13–4. Tactical vehicle safety
a. General tactical vehicle safety standards (applies to all tactical and combat vehicles).
(1) Commanders or their representatives will ensure that drivers perform the appropriate safety checks before,
during, and after vehicle operation PMCS. In addition to the PMCS, operators will inspect for the following conditions:
(a) Improper functioning of lights, windshield wipers, horn, warning signals, side or rearview mirrors, occupant
restraint devices, and other safety devices.
(b) Improper condition of windshield, windows, mirrors, lights, reflectors, or other safety devices that are broken,
cracked, discolored, or covered with frost, ice, snow, dirt, mud, or grime. Glass will not have posters, placards, stickers, or nontransparent materials that impair the operator’s vision or create a hazard.
(c) Any condition not specifically mentioned in the preventive maintenance tables of the operator manual likely to
cause injury to personnel or failure of a component. Examples are torn sheet metal with exposed sharp edges, damaged
or missing exhaust shields, leaks from exhaust systems, or inoperative doors that prevent occupant egress from vehicle.
(d) Improperly secured loads or vehicles that are loaded beyond design load limits.
(2) Operators are responsible for bringing any vehicle deficiency to the supervisor’s attention. Faults listed in paragraph 13–4a will render a vehicle administratively nonmission capable in accordance with DA Pam 750 – 8. Commanders may “circle X” administratively nonmission capable vehicles allowing for one-time operation or mission,
providing risk mitigation procedures are in place to prevent unnecessary risk for vehicle occupants.
(3) Before starting a vehicle in an assembly area, a crewmember will walk completely around the vehicle to ensure
that no one is in danger and the area is free of obstructions or material that present a hazard.
(4) Tactical vehicle operators will keep service drive lights on at all times when on public roadways outside military
installations except where SOFA or local laws prohibit using headlights during daylight (sunrise to sunset) hours.
(5) Tactical vehicles operated on public highways will not exceed posted speed limits or speed restrictions addressed in the vehicle’s operator manual, whichever is less. Additionally, operate tactical vehicles at speeds appropriate for the environmental conditions.
(6) Personnel will not expose more than their head and shoulders (nametag defilade) while riding in tactical vehicles that have hatches or turrets, except when actively engaging targets or to ensure clearance in congested areas and/or
hazardous terrain.
(7) Personnel exposed to eye hazards will wear appropriate eye protection.
(8) Personnel will not wear rings or bracelets while conducting vehicle operational duties or when performing
vehicle maintenance.
(9) At a minimum, commanders will require ground guides in accordance with paragraph 13 – 10.
b. Fording operations. Implement proper training, mission planning, and RM before conducting any water fording
operations.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

74

c. Rollover drills and emergency training.
(1) Train personnel riding in Army tactical and combat vehicles in crew rollover, fire, and emergency egress drills.
Conduct drills prior to gunnery, field training exercises, tactical training, actual deployment, or combat missions.
(2) Exposed gunners and air guards will utilize and drill with approved restraint systems.
d. Tactical vehicle movement in bivouac and assembly areas.
(1) Use vehicle ground guides in and around clearly designated and marked sleeping areas. Select sleeping areas
protected by natural obstacles when possible.
(2) Post a guard where access to bivouac or an assembly area is restricted to road entry to warn vehicle crews that
troops are on the ground.
(3) Prior to leaving a motor pool or assembly area in tactical environments, the track commander or VC will walk
completely around the vehicle to check for personnel clearance and/or other hazards in the vicinity of the vehicle.
e. Army combat vehicle safety guidelines.
(1) Each Army combat vehicle (ACV) will have a track commander or VC who will occupy the commander’s
position within the vehicle. The track commander or VC will receive vehicle-specific training on the vehicle’s capabilities and limitations.
(2) Operators will not start ACVs unless the portable and fixed fire extinguishers are present and in operating
condition.
(3) Moving an ACV without a track commander or VC and a working intercom or dismounted ground guide is
prohibited.
(4) The track commander or VC will use the positive safety-locking pin to fasten open hatches to avoid unintentional closing during movement of the vehicle.
(5) Personnel in ACVs will wear protective headgear. The crew will wear operational combat vehicle crewmember
helmets or approved ballistic helmets with the chinstrap fastened.
(6) Personnel will not position themselves between an ACV and another vehicle or fixed object while the vehicle
is moving or being slaved (started with jumper cables).
(7) When vehicles and dismounted personnel are training together during darkness, the dismounted personnel will
notify vehicle operators and track commanders or VCs of their location.
(8) At railroad crossings without electric signal lights or road guards, operators of ACVs will stop and check the
clearance in both directions before crossing.
13–5. Occupant protection
a. All military personnel on or off the installation and all other individuals on the installation will wear occupant
protective devices.
b. Individuals will not ride in seats where manufacturer-installed occupant restraints, including airbags, were removed or rendered inoperative.
c. For utility vehicles that do not meet the design requirements for public roadway use, operators and passengers
will adhere to the manufacturer’s PPE and operating recommendations as well as federal, state, or HN regulations.
d. Use child safety seats on all Army installations. Ensure installation traffic safety programs are in accordance
with state or local child safety seat laws or HN requirements and AR 190 –5/OPNAV 11200.5D/AFI 31 – 218(1)/MCO
5110.1D/DLAR 5720.1. If there is no local requirement, the installation traffic safety program will specify age, weight,
seating placement, or other criteria for child safety seat use.
13–6. Operator fatigue
To reduce the potential for traffic mishaps caused by operator fatigue, commanders will establish and enforce specific
rest and duty hour limits for Army motor vehicles operators.
a. Provide operators with at least 8 consecutive hours of rest during any 24-hour period.
b. An operator will not drive more than 10 hours in a duty period (including rest and meal breaks). Commanders
will assign a qualified assistant driver to each vehicle when more than 10 hours are required to complete operations.
c. Other operations may require the assistance of an occupant to help the driver in higher risk driving environments.
Often times, the assistant is senior ranking to the driver, and these individuals are responsible for ensuring the safe
operation at all times. At a minimum, these assistants are familiar with the vehicle operations and trained on ground
guide duties. Other operations that require the assistance of a passenger include:
(1) More than 4 hours of driving during darkness are expected.
(2) Wearing mission-oriented protective posture equipment is anticipated.
(3) Using night vision goggles during the mission.
(4) Travel over unfamiliar terrain will require detailed en route navigation.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

75

(5) Conditions requiring use of the ground guide are anticipated.
(6) Deteriorating weather or road conditions are expected.
(7) Transporting high-value or mission-critical weapon systems or equipment.
(8) Restricted driver field of view.
(9) Other unusually difficult mission conditions are expected.
d. Provide vehicle operators with a 12-hour period that is as free of duties as possible when preceding a prolonged
work or duty period.
e. Provide fatigued operators with an alternate means of transportation or designated rest stops until they are sufficiently rested to operate a motor vehicle if a relief driver is not available.
13–7. Safe movement of personnel
a. General movement of personnel. Leaders will ensure the following safety precautions are in place before transporting troops in vehicles:
(1) Operators will follow passenger carrying capacities for tactical and administrative vehicles in accordance with
the appropriate vehicle technical manual.
(2) Passengers must be wholly seated within the body of the truck using properly installed seating.
(3) When transporting large numbers of Soldiers for training purposes, use only approved semitrailers (such as
vans and personnel carriers for 80 passengers). No other types of semitrailers are considered safe to transport personnel.
(4) Prohibit riding on tactical vehicle and ACV exteriors except where an Army technical or field manual allows.
(5) Seated personnel will wear occupant restraints, unless specifically exempted in the unit SOP or by the commander after completing RM for the mission.
b. Movement of personnel in cargo trucks.
(1) The following safety precautions must be in place before transporting passengers in the cargo beds of tactical
and administrative trucks off the installation:
(a) The cargo body is equipped with stakes or sideboards, properly installed troop seat kit, tailgate, rear safety
strap, and a tailgate step or ladder.
(b) Canvas tops are in place with the sides rolled down and secured to sides of cargo bed.
(c) Prior to starting the vehicle, the operator must ensure all passengers are safely seated, tailgate is secure, and
safety strap is in place.
(d) When transporting personnel in cargo trucks with cargo, the operator ensures personnel are seated in fixed seats
and the cargo is adequately secured.
(e) The operator must possess a valid operator’s permit or DA Form 5984 – E (Operator’s Permit Record (EGA))
when transporting personnel in cargo trucks. Prospective operators with learner’s permits may not transport personnel
in the rear cargo bed of trucks.
(f) Do not carry passengers in the cargo bed area of the last vehicle in a convoy.
(2) The following safety precaution applies to transporting troops in cargo beds solely on the installation:
(a) Transport passengers for short distances on the installation without installed troop seat kit, providing passengers
remain seated and wholly within the body of the vehicle, the tailgate is secure, and safety strap is in place.
(b) Transporting troops in the bed of dump trucks will only occur on an emergency basis and with extreme caution.
Transport troops in dump trucks only with installed fixed seating and using positive locking devices to prevent unintentional activation of lift controls.
c. Transportation in 15-passenger vans.
(1) Fifteen-passenger vans do not meet the federally mandated safety standards required for school buses and cannot be used to transport pre-primary, primary, or secondary school age children to and from school. The use of 15passenger vans to transport children to and from childcare facilities and youth service centers is prohibited.
(2) Operators of 15-passenger vans should be:
(a) Experienced operators with good driving records.
(b) Trained on the hazards and handling characteristics associated with 15-passenger vans.
(3) Daily transport of students to and from school using multifunctional school activity buses is prohibited. Use
multifunctional school activity buses whenever transportation is required for after school activities, field trips, and so
forth. Multifunctional school activity buses provide a safer means of transportation than the 15-passenger van (see
HSPG Number 17). Leaders will develop provisions to reduce the danger of death or injury to children while transporting them to and from school or related activities in DoD vehicles.
(4) In CONUS, DoD school buses will be marked, equipped, operated, and maintained consistent with AR 58 – 1
and 49 CFR 571.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

76

(5) Contractors will comply with HN or state and local requirements in addition to any contractual requirements
imposed by the applicable Army installation.
13–8. Prohibited practices
Commanders will emphasize the increased mishap potential caused by distracting activities such as using handheld
and hands-free cell phones, eating, drinking, and operating entertainment systems and global positioning systems.
Commanders will enforce the following prohibited activities, while operating any motor vehicle on an Army installation and while operating military vehicles off the installation.
a. Wearing portable headphones, earphones, or other listening devices (except for hearing aids, single ear-piece
hands-free phone devices, ACV helmets, and motorcycle helmets equipped with intercom systems) while operating a
motor vehicle.
b. Using cellular phones or other handheld electronic devices except when safely parked or using a hands-free
device. This prohibition includes text messaging using handheld devices.
c. Using government-supplied electronic equipment for text messaging, Global Positioning System (GPS), or other
handheld devices while driving any vehicle whether or not on official government business. The only exceptions to
this prohibition are emergency responders (such as military police, ambulance, F&ES, EOD, and HAZMAT responders) while in the performance of their official duties.
d. Operating a vehicle for at least 8 hours after consuming intoxicating beverages or longer if residual effects
remain.
e. Vehicles carrying flammable or explosive materials will not use or carry flame producing items, this includes
flares, e-cigarettes, lighters, and matches.
13–9. Safety equipment
a. Occupants of combat or tactical vehicles will wear Army-approved eye protection (military combat eye protection, Authorized Protective Eyewear List (see https://www.peosoldier.army.mil/equipment/eyewear/) or ANSI/ISEA
Z87.1 approved safety goggles or spectacles with side shields) when exposed to eye hazards. Occupants of tactical
vehicles with windshields are not required to wear eye protection unless the commander deems eye protection necessary due to environment hazards or for training purposes. High visibility apparel will comply with ANSI/ISEA 107,
class 2 requirements, as a minimum, and will be worn by all Army personnel exposed to vehicular or equipment
traffic.
b. Occupants will wear head protection (combat vehicle crew, approved ballistic helmet, or flight helmet as appropriate) when operating or riding as a passenger in Army tactical vehicles as determined by the commander.
c. Army motor vehicles operating over public roads will be equipped with highway warning triangles.
d. Emergency, repair, and utility servicing vehicles, truck tractors designed to haul oversized slow-moving loads,
truck wreckers, and other vehicles that frequently deviate from or obstruct normal traffic patterns will be equipped
with rotating or flashing warning signal lamps, as required by federal, state, and local law. Emergency response vehicles will only use these devices when responding to emergency calls, required to warn traffic of emergency vehicles
stopped at the scene of a mishap or breakdown, or in the pursuit of offenders.
e. Use rotating or flashing amber lights for cranes (wreckers), oversized or overweight vehicles, snow removal
equipment, and other highway maintenance vehicles.
f. Do not use rotating or flashing amber lights when their operation is a hazard to other traffic.
g. Mount rotating lights or beacons so that the lights are not a hazard or nuisance to the operator or to other vehicle
operators.
h. Mount convoy signs, as well as rotating or flashing amber warning lights, on the first and last vehicle in a convoy.
(HN agreements may require additional vehicles in the convoy to use these lights.)
13–10. Ground guides
a. Operators must use a dismounted ground guide when moving tactical vehicles in congested areas (motor pools,
parking areas, assembly areas, and so forth), bivouac and sleeping areas, or when traversing hazardous terrain. Guides
will use flashlights/chemlights to direct vehicles when visibility is reduced. Front and rear ground guides are required
when backing in congested areas.
b. Commanders, supervisors, and senior leaders will ensure ground guides are trained in accordance with TC
3 – 21.60, TC 21 – 305 – 20/AFMAN 24 – 306(I), and TC 21 –306.
c. Engineer vehicles operating outside of supervised or controlled access construction sites will use the ground
guide standards for tactical or combat-wheeled vehicles. Operators of graders, bulldozers, and other engineer vehicles
will walk around the vehicle before starting the engine to ensure that the area is clear of obstructions.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

77

d. Provide a signal person at the point of operation (includes area of load travel and area immediately surrounding
the load placement) when:
(1) Backing or maneuvering in controlled access construction sites.
(2) Not in full view of the vehicle, machine, or equipment operator.
(3) Backing vehicles more than 100 feet.
(4) Terrain is hazardous.
(5) Two or more vehicles are backing in the same area.
e. When operating a vehicle, machine, or equipment within a controlled access construction site and the point of
operation is in full view, the operator may back without the assistance of a signal person or spotter provided:
(1) The operator walks behind the vehicle, machine, or equipment to view the area for possible hazards.
(2) An audible reverse signal alarm is activated above the surrounding noise level according to 29 CFR 1926.602.
13–11. Vehicles equipped with radio antennas
a. Operators of vehicles equipped with radio antennas will be familiar with the fire and electrocution hazards associated with antennas contacting overhead power lines.
b. When operating vehicles in areas with overhead power lines, clip antennas under the antenna-retaining clip. To
reduce the risk of electrical shock, if the antenna tie down fails, operators should not park under power lines.
c. When operating tracked and wheeled vehicles in areas with overhead power lines, secure antennas to a height
between 8 and 13 feet. Blunt antenna ends with an antenna tip assembly or antenna ball.
d. Remove and store antennas inside the vehicle before loading onto a railcar or semitrailer for transport.
13–12. Fire prevention
a. Do not operate Army vehicles with gasoline, jet-propellant 8, or class III diesel leaks.
b. Smoking is prohibited within 50 feet of vehicles loaded with flammable or combustible liquids, flammable gases,
or explosives and in the presence of flammable vapors such as those present when fueling vehicles or examining or
repairing vehicle engines or fuel systems.
c. During fueling, drivers will turn off the engine, put the transmission in low gear (or park position if automatic),
and use the parking brakes. Chock wheels when low temperatures prevent setting the parking brakes. For refuel-onthe-move operations, follow safety precautions provided in ATP 4 – 43.
d. Using cellular phones is prohibited (within 50 feet) during fueling operations or when flammable vapors are
present.
e. Offload fuel cans from the vehicle and place on the ground for filling to avoid static electricity buildup or discharge.
f. Ensure required fire extinguishers are onboard off-road Army vehicles per applicable system technical manual
or technical bulletin.
g. Mount fire extinguishers in vehicles responding to calls for assistance (such as fire, police, and security protection), material handling equipment and vehicles carrying valuable equipment or materials on a mission requiring special protection.
h. Require positive bonding connections between fuel tank trucks when filling or offloading to minimize the danger
of fire or an explosion caused by static sparks. Require grounding of tank trucks before approaching the fuel tank.
i. Train vehicle crews on the use of onboard fire suppression systems and any hazards associated with operation of
the system.
13–13. Carbon monoxide poisoning precautions
a. Do not operate vehicle engines in maintenance facilities longer than needed to move vehicles in or out. Use an
exhaust ventilation system that adequately dissipates vehicle engine gases when operating vehicles in a maintenance
facility.
b. Ventilate maintenance facilities and other enclosed areas used for vehicles adequately at all times to prevent
overexposure to exhaust gases from vehicle engines or space heaters.
c. Prohibit sleeping in parked vehicles with the engine heater or externally mounted generator running. Carbon
monoxide poisoning may result from exhaust gases entering the vehicle.
d. When the power train, cooling, and exhaust systems are separated from the crew by engine access panels, the
operator will ensure that the panels seal properly to prevent carbon monoxide from entering the crew compartment in
accordance with the appropriate technical manual.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

78

13–14. Specialty vehicles
Commanders or leaders are responsible for overseeing specialty vehicle safety.
a. Commanders will develop SOPs which integrate RM into techniques and training when a unit utilizes motorcycles, mopeds, motor scooters, and all-terrain vehicles (ATVs).
b. Driver qualification and training will be in accordance with AR 600 – 55.
c. Establish “operational work areas” to limit the travel of nontactical specialty vehicles routinely used on Army
installations.
d. Maintain manufacturer-installed safety equipment in working order.
e. Do not drive tactical specialty vehicles such as the M-Gator and MRZR on installation or public roads except to
cross the roadway at designated crossing points or with a road guard.
f. Operators will not exceed the recommended load carrying capacity, personnel capacity, or maximum safe vehicle
speed. Secure cargo items as necessary to prevent tipping.
g. Occupant protective devices will be worn when installed by the manufacturer.
h. Adequate head protection is required for operators and passengers operating or riding in tactical specialty vehicles, and for operators and passengers of nontactical vehicles operated outside of the designated operational work
areas.
(1) For Segway Personal Transporter, the minimum head protection standard for installation and operations is an
approved bicycle helmet.
(2) Operators of tactical specialty vehicles will wear approved head protection (helmet) that at a minimum conforms to FMVSS 218 or equivalent, protective goggles or face shield, full-fingered gloves, long-sleeved shirt or jacket,
long trousers, and over-the-ankle boots. Commanders may authorize the use of helmets that offer ballistic protection
in lieu of FMVSS 218 when the tactical situation dictates such use.
(3) Operators and passengers of nontactical vehicles that are not equipped with manufacturer-installed rollover
protection will wear approved head protection (helmet) that at a minimum conforms to FMVSS 218 motorcycle safety
standards or equivalent when operated on installation or public roads that are outside the designated operational work
area. Commanders may authorize the use of helmets that offer ballistic protection in lieu of FMVSS 218 when the
situation dictates such use.
i. Nontactical specialty vehicles that are allowed to operate outside a controlled work area and on installation
streets, roads, and highways will meet the minimum vehicle safety standards according to 49 CFR 571.5, to include
rollover protection, occupant protective devices, and placement of “Slow Moving Vehicle” emblems where required.
13–15. Periodic motor vehicle inspection requirement
a. All Army motor vehicles, including nonappropriated fund vehicles and GOCO vehicles, will pass a safety inspection at least annually.
b. Conduct inspections in accordance with HSPG Number 1, AR 58 – 1, and DoDI 6055.04. This will be in addition
to the dispatch inspections.
(1) The inspection will evaluate systems and components for vehicle performance (such as occupant restraint devices, lighting, glazing, exhaust system, wipers, horn, brake systems, steering systems, suspension, tires, and wheel
assemblies).
(2) The inspection will ensure that exhaust emissions do not exceed any applicable federal, state, municipal, or HN
requirements for GOCO nontactical vehicles.
13–16. Motorcycle and all-terrain vehicles safety
a. Licensing.
(1) Operators of government-owned motorcycles and military personnel on or off installations are required to be
properly licensed or have the proper learners permit when operating on public roadways except where not required by
the applicable SOFA or local laws.
(2) Motorcycle riders who operate motorcycles on post must comply with the skills training, licensing, and permit
requirements of the state, HN, or SOFA.
(3) Installations will align licensing requirements for operating privately-owned motorcycles, motorized bicycles
(mopeds), motor scooters, ATVs, or recreational off-road vehicles with state and local laws.
(4) Operating minibikes, pocket bikes, and similar vehicles is prohibited on installation roads. Senior commanders
may authorize operation in areas not on installation roadways.
(5) All individuals that are properly licensed to ride a motorcycle are not required to receive Service-sponsored
training or prove that they have taken other motorcycle training in order to operate a motorcycle on a DoD installation.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

79

b. Motorcycle equipment. When operated on any DoD installation, in both on and off-road modes, all governmentor privately-owned motorcycles, mopeds, motor scooters, and ATVs must have:
(1) Headlights (when equipped) turned on at all times, except where prohibited by military mission, SOFAs, or
local laws.
(2) Both a leftand right-hand rearview mirror mounted on the handlebar or fairing.
Note. Government-owned off-road motorcycles on tactical missions or training are exempt from this requirement.
(3) Operational front and rear brakes.
c. Motorcycle and all-terrain vehicle rider protection. Commanders will ensure that all individuals covered by
this regulation wear the following PPE while operating motorcycles, off-road vehicles, and ATVs on the installation
and by all Soldiers who ride motorcycles and ATVs at any time on or off Army installations.
(1) Helmets. Helmets will—
(a) In the United States, meet FMVSS 218, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Standard, BS 6658,
or Snell Standard according to DoDI 6055.04. The DOT symbol is on the outside back of the helmet, near the bottom.
(b) Outside the United States, meet the HN standards. If the HN has no standard, helmets must meet at a minimum
DOT FMVSS.
(c) Be properly fastened under the chin.
(2) Eye protection. Eye protection must meet or exceed ANSI/ISEA Z87.1 for impact and shatter resistance (includes goggles, wraparound glasses, or a full-face shield (properly attached to a helmet)). A windshield or fairing does
not constitute eye protection.
(3) Foot protection. Foot protection includes sturdy over-the-ankle footwear that affords protection for the feet
and ankles (durable leather or ballistic-type fabric athletic shoes that cover the ankles are acceptable).
(4) Protective clothing. Protective clothing includes long-sleeved shirt or jacket, long trousers, and full-fingered
gloves or mittens made from leather or other abrasion-resistant material. Motorcycle jackets and pants constructed of
abrasion-resistant materials (such as leather, Kevlar®, or Cordura®) and containing impact-absorbing padding are
strongly encouraged. Riders are encouraged to select PPE that incorporates fluorescent colors and retro-reflective
material.
d. Tactical motorcycle and government-owned tactical all-terrain vehicle rider protection. In addition to the PPE
listed in paragraph 13–16c, PPE for government-owned motorcycle and ATV operators during off-road operations
should also include knee and shin guards and padded gloves.
(1) Unit commanders may authorize using combat helmets for operating tactical vehicles (for example, motorcycles, ATVs, and recreational off-highway vehicles) during operations and training based on an operational risk assessment.
(2) Provide operators of government-owned tactical ATVs and motorcycles with initial training for motorcycles as
required in paragraph 13–17a(1) and with training tailored to satisfy specific mission requirements. ATV operators
will complete the Specialty Vehicle Institute of America-based course or equivalent course.
e. Can-Am Spyders®, three-wheeled motorcycles, other three-wheeled vehicles and auto-cycles.
(1) Powered non-enclosed three-wheel vehicles are considered motorcycles if determined by the state or HN.
(a) All motorcycle PPE requirements are applicable to three-wheeled variants that the state or HN has classified as
motorcycles.
(b) The requirement for motorcycle training will be determined based on classification of the vehicle.
(2) Powered enclosed three-wheeled vehicles are considered auto-cycles if determined by the state or HNs.
(3) Vehicles with side-by-side seating are not considered motorcycles unless the state or HN so designates.
(4) At a minimum, all operators are required to familiarize themselves with and follow the manufacturer’s instructions and safety precautions pertaining to their vehicle.
(5) The minimum PPE required for vehicles such as the Slingshot is a DOT-approved motorcycle helmet.
13–17. Motorcycle training program
a. The Army Progressive Motorcycle Program is mandatory for Soldiers operating a privately-owned motorcycle
to sustain or enrich rider skills. The Army standard basic motorcycle rider’s course is an appropriate Motorcycle Safety
Foundation (MSF), MSF-based, state-approved or DoD component approved curriculum for motorcycle operators’
safety training. Training will be conducted by certified or licensed motorcycle rider coaches and include classroom
instruction on technical and behavioral subjects, hands-on training, and an evaluation on a riding skills and knowledge.
Installations will accept the completion cards of any MSF, MSF-based, state-approved or DoD component approved
course that includes written and riding evaluations as proof of successful completion of the required training. The
program consists of the following courses: Basic Rider Course (BRC), Experienced Rider Course (ERC)/Basic Riders

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

80

Course–II (BRC– II), Military Sports Bike Rider Course (MSRC), Advanced Rider Course (ARC), Motorcycle Refresher Training (MRT), and sustainment training.
(1) Initial training. Prior to operating any twoor three-wheeled vehicle that requires the operator to be licensed
with a motorcycle endorsement in the state or HN, soldiers will successfully complete BRC. Training may be accomplished on a contractor-provided motorcycle or the individual’s own motorcycle. If approved by the commander, the
Soldier may ride a motorcycle to the training site or location.
(2) Intermediate training. Within 1 year, based on the type of motorcycle owned or operated, Soldiers are required
to complete an ERC, MSF BRC – II, state-approved, or DoD component approved course or an MSRC, MSF ARC,
state-approved, or DoD component approved course for motorcycle operator intermediate level training.
(3) Motorcycle refresher training. MRT is required for any (motorcycle-licensed and endorsed) Soldier owning a
motorcycle and returning from a deployment greater than 180 days. A Soldier must attend MRT prior to operating his
or her motorcycle on a public or private street or highway with the exception of riding to the training site or location.
MRT will be conducted on the individual’s own motorcycle to confirm ability to safely handle his or her motorcycle.
Training will be provided at the unit level utilizing USACRC MRT digital video disk (DVD), which is available online
at https://safety.army.mil or by request. Based on MRT performance, commanders can refer motorcycle riders back
to the Progressive Motorcycle Program for re-training if they question the operator’s safe riding skills.
(4) Sustainment training. Within 5 years of completing intermediate training, inactivity, or the acquisition of a
new or change in motorcycle(s), operators will complete the appropriate intermediate training course. Soldiers are
encouraged to take sustainment training after a major geographical change. Sustainment training consists of the appropriate intermediate training course or other Army-approved motorcycle safe riding courses at no expense to the
U.S. Government. Commanders are not authorized to waive or defer sustainment training.
(5) Civilians. DoD civilian employees who operate Army motorcycles in the performance of their duties will complete the initial training requirement as outlined in paragraph 13–17a(1).
(6) Others. Military retirees and military Family members/dependents are not permitted to attend Army-sponsored
training.
(7) Army special operations forces. ARSOF personnel will follow USSOCOM/USASOC guidance.
b. Commanders may authorize properly licensed or permitted operators that have completed initial training and are
scheduled for intermediate training within 30 days to ride on or off the installation subject to any restrictions imposed
by such a permit.
c. Personnel who operate privately-owned mopeds, motor scooters, ATVs, or dirt bikes should complete appropriate operator safety training such as the Specialty Vehicle Institute of America or MSF scooter course.
d. Conventional motorcycles with sidecars are regarded as two-wheeled motorcycles with BRC requirements.
(Sidecars are generally a removable component, leaving the motorcycle operable in a conventional manner.)
e. If commanders elect to allow personnel to operate privately-owned off-road motorcycles or ATVs on the installation, they will require proof of additional performance-based training on that vehicle prior to allowing access to the
installation.
13–18. Driver education
a. Army Traffic Safety Training Program. All Army Soldiers will receive private motor vehicle training. The following training comprises the regulatory requirement to provide all Soldiers under age 26 with 4 hours of drivers
training as soon as possible upon initial entry into military service:
(1) Introduction to Drivers Training Course. This 1-hour course introduces Soldiers to the Army’s Driver Safety
Program during first permanent unit of assignment.
(2) Local hazards briefing. The garrison safety office will ensure newly assigned Army personnel receive a local
hazards briefing.
(3) Intermediate Drivers Training Course. Newly assigned Soldiers less than 26 years of age will receive this
course. Training will be provided by contractor where available and by exportable training package available from
IMCOM at installations where there is no contractor support.
(4) Recordkeeping. Commanders will document training in the Digital Training Management System (DTMS).
b. Driver improvement/remedial drivers training. Driver improvement/remedial drivers training will consist of an
8-hour, behavioral-based, classroom-taught, instructor-led course designed to reduce aggressive driving and reduce
repeat offenses. The intent of the remedial driver training is to effect a behavioral change in participants that results
in reduction of motor vehicle mishaps. To reinforce positive driving behaviors:
(1) Commanders will provide Army-approved driver improvement courses to military or civilian personnel who,
while operating a government motor vehicle, are convicted of a moving traffic violation or determined at fault in a
traffic mishap.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

81

(2) Commanders will require individuals, inside or outside normal duty hours, to attend the courses or lose installation driving privileges. Use state-approved driver improvement programs to fulfill the requirement in absence of an
Army standardized course.
(3) Commanders may direct Soldiers to attend remedial driver’s training based on a determination of high-risk
driving activity or accumulation of traffic points over a 12-month period. Examples of high-risk driving activities may
include:
(a) The accumulation of 5 or more traffic points over a 12-month period (see AR 190 – 5/OPNAV 11200.5D/AFI
31 – 218(1)/MCO 5110.1D/DLAR 5720.1).
(b) Warning traffic citation(s) for moving and nonmoving infraction(s).
(c) Letter(s) of counseling or reprimand for driving.
(d) Confirmed witness statements of driving infraction(s).
13–19. Use of personal protective equipment on installation roadways
a. Units will provide and require use of fluorescent or reflective PPE to personnel exposed to traffic hazards as part
of their assigned duties; for example, marching, running, and jogging troops (not in a formation), road guards, traffic
control personnel, road construction crews, personnel conducting police call, electricians, or telephone repair personnel working on outside overhead lines.
b. Troop formations, during periods of reduced visibility, should post front and rear guards 30 meters in front and
to the rear.
c. Units will provide flashlights with a wand or luminescent chemical lights to troop formations moving on roadways during periods of darkness.

Chapter 14
Cargo Operations Safety
14–1. General
This chapter establishes safety requirements for cargo operations using all transport modes to assist commanders in
mitigating risk associated with cargo operations.
14–2. Maximizing safety in cargo transport operations
a. Commanders will ensure cargo preparation operators are trained in material compatibility rules, packaging procedures, and package marking and labeling appropriate to the material and transport mode.
b. Cargo loading operators will be trained in:
(1) Controlling transport unit weight and balance.
(2) Cargo securing techniques appropriate to the material, packaging configuration, transport unit being loaded,
the transport mode, and the materials appropriate to the job.
c. Personnel handling HAZMAT cargo will—
(1) Be certified in properties and hazards of HAZMAT, the procedures to take in the event of a leak or spill, and
specific details of their duties according to the transportation modes.
(2) Be assigned duties only for which they are specifically trained.
(3) Perform duties according to the applicable national or international transportation mode regulations for the
operation. Within the United States, 49 CFR applies. Outside the United States, international regulations and HN
regulations apply. Commanders must ensure that individuals assigned HAZMAT tasks have ready access to current
regulations required to perform their duties. Generally, the governing regulations are:
(a) 49 CFR for transports within the United States.
(b) The IMDG Code for sea transport.
(c) AFMAN 24 – 604/TM 38–250/NAVSUP PUB 505/MCO P4030.19J/DLAI 4145.3 for military air transport.
(d) International Air Transport Association Dangerous Goods Regulations for commercial air transport.
(e) ICAO Doc 9284 for the safe transport of dangerous goods by air.
(4) Package, mark, label, load, and placard the transport unit according to the applicable mode regulation.
(5) Ensure RAMs are compatible, secured, and braced against movement. Ensure outside the United States radioactive items are radio frequency (RF) tagged for outside the United States shipments of individually controlled radioactive commodities. Ensure the vehicle driver has a transport document with emergency contacts and procedures as
required by federal and Army regulations. RAMs that are transported outside the United States are subject to international regulations and requirements and may be forbidden without specific licensing or permit.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

82

d. Commanders do not have the authority to risk assess statutory requirements concerning vehicle loads, especially
concerning HAZMAT. Obtain approval or an exemption from a competent authority prior to using alternative procedures.
e. Vehicle drivers have the authority to refuse a load they believe violates any safety provision for which they may
be held liable during the operation.
f. For assistance contact SDDC and the U.S. Army Defense Ammunition Center.
(1) The SDDC provides guidance supporting cargo loading at https://www.sddc.army.mil.
(2) The U.S. Army Defense Ammunition Center provides certification training and computer-based HAZMAT
familiarization training at http://www.dactces.org/ (CAC required).
14–3. Rail, port, and escort operations
a. Specific operations. Commanders and other leaders who are planning or conducting the operations outlined in
this paragraph will use RM to help them assess hazards and risks.
b. Simultaneous operations. Many operations require maneuvering in tight spaces with multiple simultaneous operations in the immediate vicinity. Personnel assigned to operate vehicles and materials handling equipment will be
trained, licensed, and experienced. Ground guides will be used and will be conspicuous by illumination device or high
visibility clothing.
c. Rail operations.
(1) Railhead operations.
(a) The commander or responsible leader will appoint a railhead safety officer and safety NCO.
(b) Commanders will implement a railhead qualification program for units assigned to rail loading operations, with
assistance of local movement control or rail personnel. Only qualified rail loading personnel will conduct loading.
(c) In addition to the commander’s qualification training, all railhead personnel will successfully complete the
Railhead Safety interactive multimedia training located at https://scoe.ellc.learn.army.mil (CAC required).
(d) Railhead operations will comply with procedures in TM 4 – 14.21 and SDDC Transportation Engineering
Agency MI 55 – 19 (available at https://www.sddc.army.mil/sites/tea/publications/pages/default.aspx).
(e) Rail safety information can be obtained from the Transportation Regimental Safety Office (Combined Arms
Support Command) Fort Lee, VA via email at [email protected].
(2) Train and engine operations/track maintenance/locomotive, railcar maintenance.
(a) All locomotive engineers/conductors, as well as crewmembers, will be certified in accordance with AR 56 – 3,
49 CFR 240, and 49 CFR 242.
(b) Track safety standards will comply with UFC 4 – 860 – 03.
(c) Locomotive/railcar maintenance will comply with TM 55 – 203.
(d) All rail operations will comply with 49 CFR Subtitle B Chapter II, General Code of Operating Rules, AR 56 – 3,
TC 55 –88 –1, and TM 4– 14.21.
(e) All installations with rail activities will create a railroad timetable specific to their location.
(f) Rail safety information can be obtained from the Transportation Regimental Safety Office, Combined Arms
Support Command (Rail), Fort Lee, VA via email at [email protected].
d. Port operations.
(1) The commander or responsible leader will appoint a port operations safety officer and safety NCO.
(2) Personnel involved in port operations will be trained in their respective duties and the hazards involved in the
operating area.
e. Escort operations. Escorts will not climb on equipment loaded on railcars once the car has been prepared for
movement.
14–4. Department of Defense military munitions transport requirement excerpts for continental
United States transport
a. Vehicles used to transport AE must either be a completely enclosed van type vehicle with a separate passenger
compartment or be equipped with side stakes with the cargo protected by a tarpaulin or canvas top that completely
covers the load.
b. Cargo must be secured against movement in any direction.
c. Army vehicles transporting AE will be equipped with at least two class 2 – A 10BC or equivalent fire extinguishers.
d. Vehicle brakes will be set and at least one wheel chocked during all loading, unloading, and tie down operations.
e. Mandatory procedures in DA Pam 385 – 64 and FM 4– 30 will be used in transporting captured enemy ammunition.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

83

f. Emergency response information for AE (CONUS shipments only) will follow instructions on DD Form 2890
(DoD Multimodal Dangerous Goods Declaration) in the event of a mishap involving HAZMAT. For materials shipped
from CONUS to outside the United States and from outside the United States to CONUS, emergency response will
be according to the IMDG Code. Emergency contact phone numbers for transportation information will be indicated
on the shipping documents.
g. Transporting AE outside the United States is subject to additional and/or different international regulations and
HN requirements.
14–5. Biological agents and toxins transport requirements for continental United States transport
a. Transporting select IAT on DoD installations will be kept to a minimum and will be according to this regulation,
mandatory procedures in DA Pam 385 –69, 42 CFR, 49 CFR 173, 9 CFR 121, 7 CFR 331, as well as applicable DOT
regulations and guidance pertaining to shipping containers, supporting documentation, and placarding of transportation vehicles.
b. Select IAT will be secured or in the direct control of a biological personnel reliability program-certified individual while awaiting transportation.
c. Transport outside the United States is subject to additional and/or different international regulations and HN
requirements and may be forbidden without specific permit.

Chapter 15
Maritime Activities
15–1. Introduction
Leaders and managers will use the RM process to establish and operate an effective maritime activity safety program
to include water operations, water activities, and civil work maritime activities. Specific requirements for each of these
program areas are provided in this chapter.
15–2. Water operations
Operators will follow applicable federal, state, and local laws; U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) regulations; and/or USACE
(most stringent) regulations to safely maneuver Army-owned, -operated, or -leased vessels and watercraft.
15–3. Civil work maritime activities
Watercraft, engineer-peculiar equipment, and operations under jurisdiction of USACE (including dredging, navigation
maintenance, survey, and park ranger waterborne patrol operations) will meet the requirements in EM 385 –1 – 1, ER
385 – 1–91, and EP 1130 – 2 – 500. For vessel design, USACE-owned and operated vessels, plant, and equipment will
be of a design accepted by the USACE Maritime Design Center, maintained in a seaworthy state, and equipped according to the original design, USCG regulations, and USACE requirements found in EM 385 – 1 –1 and EP
1130– 2– 500.
15–4. Operator qualification
Operators of Army vessels will be licensed according to AR 56 – 9 and, where applicable, by USCG and USACE EM
385 – 1–1 for the specific type of vessel or equipment. Commanders may impose more restrictive licensing requirements, as needed.
15–5. Protective equipment
a. Personnel aboard Army vessels and floating plants or working on/over water will wear personal flotation devices
prescribed by USCG, OSHA, and/or USACE complying with 46 CFR, 29 CFR, and EM 385 – 1 –1, respectively. Personal flotation devices used during tactical water operations will comply with the mission commander’s guidance.
b. Lifesaving devices (ring buoys, life rings, and so forth) will be provided on all vessels and floating plants according to applicable federal, state, and local laws, USCG, and EM 385 – 1– 1.
15–6. Inspections
Qualified personnel, as designated by AR 56 – 9 and as applicable to USACE and respective commands, will inspect
all vessels as defined in AR 56 – 9 and floating plants at least annually for seaworthiness and safe operating condition.
The Transportation Corps Branch Safety Office, Maritime Safety Division will survey the same vessels triennially.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

84

USACE regulation dictates frequency and scope of inspections for USACE vessels. Records of these inspections and
surveys will be retained for no less than 3 years.
15–7. Pre-mishap or pre-emergency planning
Prior to vessel or plant deployment, the commanders will prepare plans for response to maritime emergencies such as
fire, sinking, grounding, flooding, severe weather, man overboard, HAZMAT incidents, and any other critical risks
specific to the mission as outlined in AR 56 – 9, USCG guidance, or USACE EM 385 –1 – 1. Commanders will conduct
drills and exercises of these plans stated in applicable federal, state, and local laws.
15–8. Investigations
a. Notifications. In addition to notification and reporting required by chapter 3, the commander will report as follows:
(1) Maritime–underway/maritime–not underway. Grounding that creates a hazard to navigation, the environment,
watercraft safety, or an occurrence that affects the watercraft’s seaworthiness or fitness for service. Such notifications,
which include fire, flooding, or damage to fixed fire extinguisher systems, lifesaving equipment, or bilge pumping
systems will be telephonically reported to USACRC (CSSC – O), Fort Rucker, AL 36362 –5363, DSN 558 – 2660 or
commercial (334) 255– 2660 within 24 hours of the occurrence.
(2) Maritime –diving.
(a) Diving operations/training. See AR 611 – 75 for qualification and notification requirements. Report incidents
that result in Type II decompression sickness or pulmonary over inflation syndromes telephonically to USACRC
(CSSC–O), Fort Rucker, AL 36362 – 5363, DSN 558 –2660 or commercial (334) 255 – 2660 within 24 hours of the
occurrence. USACE activities will report incidents per engineer regulations.
(b) Army special operations forces diving. Report incidents that result in Type II decompression sickness or pulmonary over inflation syndromes (as defined in U.S. Navy Dive Manual, Volume I) telephonically to the Commander,
U.S. Naval Safety Center, Norfolk, VA, DSN 564 – 3520 or commercial (757) 444 – 3520 within 24 hours of the occurrence.
(3) Other diving mishaps. Report all other diving mishaps to the U.S. Naval Safety Center and USACRC as soon
as possible. USACE activity commanders will report incidents per engineer regulations.
(4) Recompression treatment. Report dives that require recompression treatment or that result in the diver being
away from work for 24 hours or longer by message, per OPNAVINST 5102.1D, to Commander, U.S. Naval Safety
Center, Norfolk, VA. The Commander, USASOC (AOOS) will be an information addressee on the message. This
message is required in addition to telephonic notification. USACE activity commanders will report incidents per engineer regulations.
b. Recordkeeping.
(1) The master/coxswain, person in charge of any watercraft involved in a mishap, or person responsible for records
custody will retain voyage records that are normally maintained by the watercraft and make them available to mishap
investigators.
(2) Provide the following records pertinent to the dive or hyperbaric exposure:
(a) Completed operation and emergency procedures that document the status of all equipment and systems relevant
to the dive and/or hyperbaric exposure.
(b) Diving log worksheet.
(c) Recompression chamber treatment log.
(d) Diver’s medical records for the past 5 years (if available).
(e) DD Form 314 (Preventive Maintenance Schedule and Record) (or automated equivalent) for the equipment
being used.

Chapter 16
Army Radiation Safety and Occupational Health Program—Ionizing Radiation
16–1. Introduction
NRC regulates the use of RAMs which are controlled through the issuance of NRC licenses. NRC RAM licenses
govern Army radioactive sources and ARAs govern some Army radioactive sources not covered by NRC and includes
RAMs and RGDs. The Army Radiation Safety and Occupational Health Program (ARSOHP) ensures safe use of
RAMs and RGDs to support the U.S. Army mission. The Army must have accountability of the RAM. The goal of
the ARSOHP is to keep radiation exposures as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) to Soldiers, civilians,

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

85

contractors, and the general public in accordance with 10 CFR 20.1003 and 29 CFR 1910.1096, while meeting applicable environmental requirements. This regulation applies except in an operational setting where JP 3 – 11 applies.
Proper training and procedures must be in place to use RAMs and RGDs efficiently, effectively, and safely. Training
includes proper handling of RAMs and RGDs, inventorying, surveying with calibrated equipment, performing leak
tests with calibrated equipment for accurate results, audits of the program, proper movement of materials, proper
disposal procedures, proper procedures to decontaminate, and decommission areas that stored, maintained, and demilitarized RAMs and RGDs.
16–2. General
a. AR 70 –1 and mandatory procedures in DA Pam 385 – 16 apply to the acquisition of developmental and nondevelopmental materiel containing radioactive sources, including COTS equipment. Reevaluate the equipment in accordance with DA Pam 70 – 3 and DA Pam 40 – 11 if substantial modifications between the initial evaluation and final
acceptance or adoption occur.
b. Compliance with NRC regulations, NRC licenses, Army reactor permits, ARAs, and Army radiation permit
(ARP) conditions is required. Provide copies of the licenses, authorizations, and permits to DCPH – A for archiving
and post documents on the DA RSO website, unless restrictions apply.
(1) Army personnel using radiation sources, including RAMs and RGDs, will comply with applicable NRC regulations and conditions of applicable NRC licenses; DOT, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), OSHA, and U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations; ARAs; ARPs held by their command or by another ACOM;
requirements of this regulation.
(2) Holders of NRC licenses, ARAs, and ARPs will have programs in place to ensure personnel using radiation
sources, to include emergency responders that may encounter radiation, are aware of applicable regulations and conditions as appropriate.
(3) OSHA governs radiation exposures when more restrictive than or not governed by NRC, except for emergency
or operational exposures under JP 3 – 11. For Army radiation exposures, the dose limits of this regulation apply when
more restrictive than OSHA regulations.
c. Commanders will appoint the RSO in writing. Designate an alternate RSO to ensure program continuity and
command and control of RAM in the absence of the RSO. The RSO will be qualified prior to appointment or within
90 days of appointment when operational circumstances interfere with the required qualification training. The RSO
will be either a Soldier or DA Civilian employee.
d. A qualified expert is required to design, review, and test shielding barriers and controls for access to radiation
areas, high radiation areas, and very high radiation areas. The qualified expert must perform these procedures per
applicable regulations and guidelines before routinely using RAMs or RGDs within the area. Each design for high
radiation and very high radiation areas must receive an independent review by a qualified expert (for example, American Board of Health Physics certified health physicist) designated by the ARSO or radiation safety staff officer
(RSSO). Forward requests for determination of whether a certain individual is a qualified expert through command
channels to the ACOM, ASCC, or DRU RSSO as necessary. Forward these requests to the ODASAF for further
evaluation as necessary.
e. Adopt no practice and conduct no operation involving planned exposure of personnel to ionizing radiation in
excess of the applicable exposure standards of tables 16 –1 and 16 – 2, other than deployment operations governed by
operational exposure guidance. Paragraph 16– 29 covers deviations in exposure limits for ionizing and nonionizing
radiation.
f. Comply with environmental requirements for use and management of RAMs and RGDs in accordance with 40
CFR and AR 200 – 1, and prepare required environmental documentation in accordance with 32 CFR 651.
g. Outside the United States control of RAMs and RGDs will be in accordance with HN regulations, SOFAs, ARs,
international agreements, NRC licenses, and ARAs, as applicable.
h. Inspect the RSP at least annually or as determined by NRC license or ARA. An independent outside organization
will review the program at least once every 3 years.
16–3. Army Radiation Safety and Occupational Health Program responsibilities
a. Army radiation safety officer. The ARSO—
(1) Chairs the Army Radiation Safety Council (ARSC) on behalf of the DASAF.
(2) Develops, manages, and promulgates Army radiation policy and guidance on behalf of the DASAF.
(3) Promulgates federal and Army radiation personnel exposure standards within the U.S. Army in coordination
with TSG radiological hygiene consultant.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

86

(4) Provides HQDA oversight of the DoD lead agency for low-level radioactive waste, to include matters concerning depleted uranium (DU) on behalf of the ASA (IE&E).
(5) Resolves radiation SOH issues among HQDA as necessary.
(6) Promotes good radiation SOH practices throughout the U.S. Army.
(7) Provides radiation SOH consultation to the ARSTAF; commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and USARC;
CNGB; and staffs.
(8) Serves as HQDA radiation SOH POC with other DoD and federal agencies.
(9) Represents HQDA on DoD working groups and panels.
(10) Provides technical input to HQDA-level radiation SOH plans and responses to radiation emergencies, mishaps, and incidents.
b. Chief, Army Dosimetry Center. The Chief, ADC in accordance with 10 CFR 20.1501, procedures in DA Pam
385 – 10, and this regulation—
(1) Provides ionizing radiation services that meet the requirements of 10 CFR 20.1501 and paragraph 16– 10 of
this regulation in accordance with CG, AMC responsibilities paragraph in chapter 2.
(2) Publishes instructions for starting, maintaining, and ending personnel dosimetry services.
(3) Maintains the Army’s CDRR. The CDRR archives comprehensive dosimetry records for Army personnel and
for other personnel who use Army dosimetry services. Records must meet the requirements of 10 CFR 20.2106, 10
CFR 20.2110, and OSHA Standard 1910.1096. Records include results of bioassays, administrative dose assignments
(including copies of documents that make the assignments), and supplementary occupational dose equivalent information (for example, dosimetry information resulting from off-duty employment) that RSOs report. In particular, the
ADC must meet the requirements of 10 CFR 20.2106(f) for long-term retention of these records.
(4) Provides personnel dosimetry records (automated dosimetry report (ADR)) to RSOs for personnel who received
dosimetry services during the previous issue period (month, quarter, and so forth). These reports enable supported
RSOs to meet recordkeeping requirements in 10 CFR 20.2106.
(5) Provides reporting services that enable RSOs to meet requirements of 10 CFR 19.13, 29 CFR 1910.1096(n),
29 CFR 1910.1096(o), and 29 CFR 1926.53.
(6) Provides reporting services that meet the requirements of 10 CFR 20.2206.
(7) Immediately notifies (by telephone or message) the RSO, the TSG radiological hygiene consultant, the command RSSO, and the ARSO when dosimetry results indicate that any Army personnel ionizing radiation exposure
standard may have been exceeded (see table 16 – 2).
c. Army Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Program. The Army Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Division, U.S. Army Joint Munitions Command, Safety/Rad Waste Directorate (AMSJM – SF), Rock Island, IL
61299 –6000 provides low-level radioactive waste disposal services to the U.S. Army in accordance with DoDI
4715.27. The CG, U.S. Army Joint Munitions Command (JMC)—
(1) Establishes procedures for implementing the Army’s responsibility as DoD lead agency for unwanted RAM
disposal.
(2) Maintains records of Army radioactive waste disposal by burial or recycling.
(3) Maintains a deployable capability to advise and assist ACOMs with the retrograde of radiologically contaminated equipment in accordance with AR 700 – 48.
d. Executive Director, U.S. Army Test Measurement and Diagnostic Equipment Activity. The Executive Director,
U.S. Army Test Measurement and Diagnostic Equipment Activity administers the Army radiation test, measurements,
and diagnostic equipment program and:
(1) Provides Army radiation test, measurement, and diagnostic equipment program and accredited radiation instrument calibration services (see AR 750 – 43 and TB 750 – 25).
(2) Provides radiological and nuclear counting services.
(3) Manages radiation processing facilities outside the United States to support the JMC mission in accordance
with AR 750 – 43.
e. Radiation safety staff officers. The ACOM, ASCC, and DRU RSSOs—
(1) Recommend, implement, and oversee command radiation SOH policies for their respective area of responsibility; these persons should have an area of concentration (AOC) 72A nuclear medical science officer or GS – 1306
health physicist for those commands with NRC licenses. The RSSO serves as the headquarter command’s top radiation
safety SME for ACOMs (AMC, AFC, FORSCOM, and TRADOC), ASCCs, and DRUs. Oversees the command RSP
for the commander, establishes the radiation safety policy for the headquarters, and ensures the implementation of
Army radiation safety policy across the command. The RSSO provides radiation safety consultation to his or her
headquarters command and leadership chains, staffs, and to subordinate commanders and staffs. The RSSO

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

87

coordinates reporting of mishaps and/or incidents involving radiation, to include when applicable, coordination with
the NRC licensee(s).
(2) Provide radiation SOH consultation to their respective command and leadership chains, staffs, and to subordinate commanders and staffs. Provide guidance to the command staff in the event of a radiological or nuclear event.
(3) Serve as their command radiation SOH program POC. Provide guidance to the command staff in the event of
a radiological or nuclear event. Coordinate reporting of radiation mishaps and incidents involving RAMs or RGDs
with the NRC applicable licensee or ARA holder.
(4) Ensure compliance to NRC licenses/ARAs including performing inspections, audits, and assistance visits.
(5) Report lost, stolen, damaged, and improperly shipped RAMs to the NRC license RSO.
(6) Provide peer review of the annual liabilities estimates and maintain supporting documentation to support financial statement auditability, including initial estimate development and annual revisions pertaining to activities, facilities, and commodities under an NRC license, ARA, or Army reactor permit.
f. Army service component command radiation safety staff officer. In addition to the responsibilities in paragraph
16–3e, the ASCC RSSO—
(1) Serves as the principal advisor to the ASCC commander and staff on radiation SOH program issues.
(2) Provides centralized, theater-level oversight and guidance to health physics/radiation safety personnel and/or
radiological response teams.
(3) Manages transition-to-war and transition-to-peace radiation SOH issues involving radioactive commodities,
RGDs, radiation survey instrument calibration, radiation safety training, DU training, radiation dosimetry, laser safety,
and EMF safety.
(4) Monitors the oversight of and guidance on DU issues, to include friendly fire incidents, battle-damaged vehicle
recovery, and contamination.
(5) Provides guidance on damaged radioactive commodities and coordination with CONUS-based NRC license
holders.
(6) Evaluates reports from health physics and radiation SOH personnel and radiological response teams and provides guidance to the command staff in the event of a radiological or nuclear event.
(7) Ensures radiological detection equipment, sampling equipment, and personnel dosimetry are used, stored, and
maintained in accordance with applicable technical manuals and guides.
(8) Designs and directs the implementation and execution of the radiation survey program (other than situations
where JP 3 – 11 would apply).
(9) Conducts comparisons of radioactive survey sampling results against preset action levels and communicates
survey results and analyses to the command staff.
(10) Provides guidance on radiation SOH redeployment issues involving radioactive commodities, unwanted
RAM, radiologically contaminated vehicles and equipment, and foreign radioactive sources.
(11) Coordinates with medical support on the identification and follow up of Soldiers potentially contaminated
with radioactive sources to include DU.
(12) Ensures compliance to NRC licenses/ARAs including performing inspections, audits, and assistance visits.
(13) Reports lost, stolen, damaged, and improperly shipped RAMs to the NRC license RSO.
g. Nuclear Regulatory Commission license radiation safety officers.
(1) Each NRC license RSO will be a designated 72A nuclear medical science officer or GS – 1306 health physicist,
or meet NRC requirements to be the appointed NRC license RSO assigned to manage the command’s NRC license.
(2) The authority of RSOs on NRC commodity licenses for Army radioactive commodities extends to other commands and Services using those radioactive commodities. Commands and Services will allow the NRC license RSO
or designee to inspect units using those radioactive commodities as required to ensure compliance with NRC license
conditions.
(3) NRC license RSO duties include:
(a) Provide oversight in implementing NRC license conditions for a particular licensed device.
(b) Prepare NRC license applications and amendments for submission to NRC.
(c) Determine the proper radiological controls to assure ALARA.
(d) Perform inspections, audits, and assistance visits to ensure compliance with NRC license and ARAs.
(e) Coordinate with various level RSOs, to include different commands and other Services to ensure license compliance and provide technical assistance.
(f) Coordinate with other AMC LCMCs and PM offices to ensure proper demilitarization.
(g) Hold the authority to suspend, limit, or terminate operations.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

88

(h) Develop annual liabilities estimates and maintain supporting documentation to support financial statement audibility, including initial estimate development and annual revisions pertaining to activities, facilities, and commodities under an NRC license, ARA, or Army reactor permit.
h. Radiation safety officer.
(1) The commander will designate an RSO in writing when any of the following is true:
(a) An NRC license, Army reactor permit, ARA, or applicable technical publication requires an appointed RSO.
(b) Personnel in the command are required to wear ADC-issued dosimetry (see para 16 – 10).
(c) Personnel in the command are required to participate in a bioassay program (see para 16 – 10).
(d) A unit possesses radioactive commodities or radiation emitting equipment that requires the implementation of
an Army ionizing RSP (which may include leak testing, radiation postings, shipping requirements, and storage locations).
(2) An RSO provides the following functions for radiation sources within their organization’s responsibility:
(a) Performs, or is responsible for, radiation SOH functions that are applicable to federal, and DoD, Army regulations; NRC licenses; Army reactor permits; and ARA condition requirements.
(b) Properly documents, stores, retains, and preserves Army RSP records, including annual physical inventories,
radiation survey reports, and contamination survey reports to ensure availability during decontamination and decommissioning. Place documentation into ARIMS and provide a copy to DCPH – A to archive the data.
(c) Establishes plans and procedures for handling credible emergencies involving RAMs and RGDs. This includes
coordination with civilian and military emergency response organizations as necessary.
(d) Coordinates with supporting medical personnel to ensure that personnel receive appropriate OH surveillance
(see AR 40 – 5).
i. Level 4 radiation safety officer. Level 4 RSOs are 72A nuclear medical science officers or GS – 1306 health
physicists who manage NRC licenses (appointed as NRC license RSOs) and major ARSOHPs involving RAMs,
RGDs, and energized sources, to include lasers, HIOS, and EMF sources. The Level 4 RSO can perform the duties of
the Level 1 through 3 RSO listed in paragraphs 16–3j and 16–3k.
j. Level 3 radiation safety officer. Each RSO managing an installation or equivalent level organization radiation
SOH program—
(1) Establishes and directs the installation or organizational radiation program (to include a written radiation program document).
(2) Assists units, tenants, civilian activities, and contractors on the installation or within the organization to meet
requirements of NRC licenses, radioactive commodities, NRC generally licensed (GL) materials, ARAs, lasers (class
3B, 4, and military-exempt lasers), HIOS, EMF sources that can exceed the Zone 0 (unrestricted environment) exposure reference levels (ERLs) and dosimetric reference levels (DRLs), and NRC license-exempt materials.
(3) Assists units, tenants, and organizational elements with radiation safety training support.
(4) Reports radiation mishaps involving tenant activities, units, or organizational elements to the applicable NRC
licensees or ARA holder and the command RSSO, as appropriate.
(5) Advises on appropriate radiation source inventory control and security of RAM.
(6) Manages decommissioning efforts when a building or area that currently or formerly contained radioactive
commodities is scheduled for demolition, is being modified, or no longer contains radioactive commodities, and notifies the affected mission commander and the AMC RSSO. This process provides stakeholders with appropriate notification for decommissioning actions as necessary.
(7) Administers the installation or organizational RSP (to include maintaining records of ARP applications and
ARPs issued by the garrison commander, when appropriate).
(8) Administers the installation or organizational Radiation Safety Council (RSC), if applicable.
(9) Documents, stores, retains, and preserves installation or organizational radiation SOH program records
properly, including radiation contamination survey reports in accordance with AR 25 – 400 – 2, to ensure availability
during decontamination and decommissioning of facilities.
(10) Coordinates as necessary with RSOs, medical officials, and emergency response personnel (both military and
civilian, if appropriate) to establish plans and procedures for responding to credible radiation emergencies on the
installation.
(11) Coordinates with the medical authority on occupational monitoring requirements for radiation workers.
(12) Provides training, guidance, and technical support to security forces and F&ES with fixed or portable radiation
detection systems, or mobile imaging systems used for force protection purposes.
(13) Maintains a low-level radioactive waste consolidation point, as needed.
k. Level 1 or 2 radiation safety officer. Level 2 RSOs are at units or sites that have a need for a basic radiation
safety understanding and specialized radiation safety training to include medical radiation safety, density moisture

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

89

testers, tactical radiation calibrators, or RGDs that have specific radiation safety requirements, including depots and
arsenals where industrial x-rays are used. Level 1 RSOs are at units or facilities that are responsible for AMC commodities or NRC GL items. Level 1 or 2 RSOs—
(1) Receive instruction on the types of radioactive commodities, RGDs, lasers, HIOS, and EMF sources.
(2) Provide user-level training in the radiation SOH aspects of radioactive commodity use, RGDs, laser safety, and
EMF safety or ensures users receive required training.
(3) Develop and maintain a unit SOP for storage, inventory, tracking, and leak testing of radioactive commodities,
materials, or sources, and response to radioactive source incidents. Develop and maintain an SOP for safe operation,
storage, inventory, tracking, mishap reporting, and disposal requirements for lasers (class 3B, class 4, and militaryexempt lasers), HIOS, and EMF sources that could potentially exceed the Zone 0 (unrestricted environment) ERL as
needed.
(4) Document and provide to the installation RSO the history of past commodity uses, contamination events, and
commodity inventories for the areas and facilities under their control (see para 16 – 24).
(5) Oversee the inventory of radioactive commodities, RGDs, lasers (class 3B, class 4, and military-exempt lasers),
HIOS, and EMF sources that could exceed Zone 1 (restricted environment) ERLs and establish controlled areas as
required.
(6) Validate annually or as required by NRC license conditions or other regulatory requirements, physical inventories of RAM and lasers (class 3B, class 4, and military-exempt lasers) and forward the inventories upon request to
their commander, applicable ARA manager, applicable NRC licensee, and the installation RSO.
(7) Ensure the serialization officer enters applicable transactions into the DoD Radiation Source Tracking System
database in accordance with AR 710 – 3. While deployed, tracking per AR 710 –3 is not required.
(8) Store and secure RAM, the location properly posted and away from flammables and explosives, ventilated, and
easily decontaminated. While deployed, the RSO stores and secures RAM consistent with mission, enemy, terrain,
troops, time, and civil considerations.
(9) Conduct surveys of storage areas as required by the appropriate NRC license, ARA conditions, or other regulatory requirements.
(10) Perform (or have performed by direct support units) periodic leak tests, as required.
(11) Establish and maintain a personnel dosimetry program per this regulation when required.
(12) Conduct radiation surveys of class 7 RAM packages prepared for shipment and ensure a person trained in
accordance with DOT and DTR 4500.9 – R–Part II Chapter 204 completes the shipping papers.
(13) Provide shipping information, to include appropriate exposure rate and contamination levels, to the transportation officer or HAZMAT officer prior to shipment.
(14) Investigate and report mishaps involving lost, stolen, broken, or damaged radioactive commodities, materials,
and sources or malfunctioned safety devices of radioactive commodities and improperly shipped RAM.
(15) Coordinate with medical authorities to follow up on possible personnel exposure to RAM or RGD.
(16) Secure and store damaged radioactive commodities, materials, and sources properly.
(17) Report mishaps to the commander, installation RSO, RSSO, and the affected NRC license RSO.
(18) Report lost, stolen, or damaged radioactive commodities, materials, and sources in accordance with this regulation and use the radiation mishap report format in paragraph 16– 17 as required.
(19) Initiate requests for disposal of damaged device(s) through the installation RSO, RSSO, and NRC license
RSO with the support of the AMC, JMC.
(20) Maintain Army radiation program records per paragraph 16 –24.
(21) Maintain “ACTIVE“ (health and safety calibrated) radiation detection, indication, and computation instruments required to perform mandated surveys.
(22) Utilize the Defense Occupational and Environmental Health Readiness System (DOEHRS) to the extent possible for aspects of the ARSOHP.
(23) Ensure proper turn in through item manager, demilitarize in accordance with item manager instruction, secure
RAM and item storage area, and report improperly shipped RAM.
(24) Ensure storage area is ventilated and easy to decontaminate.
(25) Properly post bulk storage of radioactive commodities with a caution RAMs sign. Contact the specific Army
NRC license RSO for proper posting requirements.
(26) Perform contamination surveys on areas in accordance with NRC license conditions. NRC license conditions
take precedence over technical bulletins or technical manuals.
l. Users of Nuclear Regulatory Commission licensed radioactive commodities. Responsibilities of users of NRClicensed radioactive commodities include:

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

90

(1) Perform only authorized maintenance on equipment containing licensed (specific or GL) RAM. Maintenance
involving the radioactive sealed source is prohibited.
(2) Have knowledge of technical manuals, technical bulletins, and manufacturer’s operating manuals for all radioactive commodities, regardless if they are under a specific license, GL, or exempted by NRC.
(3) Use safe handling procedures at all times when using radioactive commodities as prescribed in operating manuals and technical manuals.
(4) Recognize and report damage to radioactive commodities or non-illumination for tritium commodities.
(5) Follow the emergency and reporting procedures in accordance with this regulation when there is a mishap or
emergency. Consider a lost, stolen, or damaged device an incident that requires immediate notification to the commander, installation/organizational RSO, Army NRC license RSO, command RSSO, and ARSO.
(6) Segregate radioactive commodities from nonradioactive devices when possible.
16–4. Radiation training requirements
a. An RSO designated in accordance with this regulation will have completed a formal course of instruction addressing the following topics:
(1) Basic radiation interactions.
(2) Radioactivity.
(3) Terms and units.
(4) Biological effects.
(5) Radiation detection and measurement.
(6) Radiation and contamination control.
(7) Radiation dosimetry.
(8) Specific training for Army radioactive commodities or RGDs for which they are responsible.
(9) If NRC-licensed material is involved, ensure applicable NRC Form 313 (Application for Materials License)
requirements, item 8 and item 10, of the RSP are met.
b. The U.S. Army Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear School (USACBRNS), Medical Center of Excellence, DCPH– A, NGB, and AMC offer courses for Army RSOs. Paragraphs 16–4d and 16–4e provide additional
information on courses to satisfy requirements for each level. Commercial courses with similar course material may
be acceptable if they meet NRC license requirements and are approved by the ARSO in coordination with the NRC
license RSO or NRC commodity RSO.
c. Any individual who ships RAM must complete training required by 49 CFR 173.1 and DTR 4500.9 – R–Part II.
Personnel involved in radioactive shipments will be trained in accordance with 49 CFR 172, Subpart H. Army health
physicists (AOC 72A or GS – 1306) are authorized to provide this training using approved Radioactive Commodity
Identification and Transportation training curriculum offered by U.S. Army Communications-Electronics Command
(CECOM) and found on the DA RSO website.
d. RSOs for activities that possess only chemical detection equipment, fire control devices, DU armored tanks, DU
ammunition, DU tank combustor liners, or GL equipment are trained in person or virtually though TRADOC, NGB,
AMC, locally, or by computer-based training modules. This training must be documented and provide an understanding of the hazards of the material, appropriate control measures, and necessary mishap response actions and notifications.
e. Training requirements for Army radiation SOH professionals are as follows:
(1) Level 4 radiation safety officer. A Level 4 RSO is a 72A nuclear medical science officer or GS – 1306 health
physicist. Level 4 RSOs have the educational background per Office of Personnel Management AOC standards. DA
military and civilian health physicists require developmental courses and periodic training to maintain proficiency at
Level 4. The installations FC 1306 ACTEDS plan provides recommended training that should be tailored to the command mission.
Note. RSOs on a medical license may require additional training to meet the 200-hour training requirement for NRC
medical licensees prior to assignment as the medical license RSO. Individuals who meet the basic standard for a health
physicist, but occupy a different career field, may also meet Level 4 qualifications if they have a minimum of 80 hours
radiation SOH training in the topics listed in paragraph 16–4a.
(2) Level 3 radiation safety officer. The Level 3 RSO must complete the USACBRNS 1-week basic RSO course
(phase 1) with source-specific radiation SOH training or equivalent-level training authorized by the Army Radiation
Safety Office, the USACBRNS 1-week advanced radiation SOH course (phase 2), or equivalent-level course as authorized by the ARSO, and receive annual refresher radiation SOH training. Level 3 RSOs that are nonionizing

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

91

radiation safety officers (NRSOs) must complete the requirements for a Level 3 NRSO in accordance with paragraph
17 – 4.
(3) Level 2 radiation safety officer. The Level 2 RSO must complete the USACBRNS 1-week basic RSO course
(phase 1) with source-specific SOH training for items under his or her purview or equivalent-level training authorized
by the ARSO, and receive annual refresher radiation SOH training.
(4) Level 1 radiation safety officer. The Level 1 RSO must complete a DL or resident radiation SOH course taught
by a Level 2 RSO or higher on the AMC commodities, NRC GL items, or RGDs under his or her responsibility. An
additional duty RSO at an MTF without an NRC license may be considered a level 1 RSO by agreement or as prescribed by the Director, Defense Health Agency.
f. Refresher training will occur annually and can be resident or computer-based and re-training is required after a
significant regulatory change.
g. Radiation Safety for Safety Professionals training is a familiarization program to understand basic radiation SOH
and to identify whom to contact for additional expertise, and will meet Level 1 RSO requirements. The training is part
of the safety professional certification process and is an accredited course by the installations FC safety certification
process.
h. RSSOs will have training equal to or greater than Level 3 RSOs and receive annual refresher training. RSSOs
with multiple NRC licenses or ARAs within their command should have training equivalent to Level 4 RSOs.
i. TRADOC instructors who have completed their instructor qualification and applicable level of instruction in
radiation safety are qualified to instruct those levels which they have completed. Non-TRADOC instructors (that are
not 72A nuclear medical science officers or GS – 1306 health physicists) require completion of, at a minimum, RSO
Level 3 training and must have completed an instructor qualification course.
j. Individuals receiving ADC dosimetry will be provided general radiation safety training to include the proper
procedures for wearing dosimetry. Supervisors will document training on the DD Form 1952 (Dosimetry Application
and Record of Previous Radiation Exposure) (see DA Pam 385 – 10).
k. Army health physicists (AOC 72A or GS – 1306) may provide class 7 radioactive shippers training to shippers of
RAM—
(1) If they have successfully completed and are currently trained in accordance with DOT and DTR 4500.9 – R–
Part II requirements, and
(2) Use the DoD approved Radioactive Commodity Identification and Transportation course curriculum offered
by CECOM, and
(3) Provide a certificate of completion to students that have successfully passed an exam to demonstrate competency in class 7 shipping procedures.
16–5. Nuclear Regulatory Commission licenses
a. NRC licenses special nuclear, source, and byproduct material in the United States.
b. Applications for new licenses, license renewals, and license amendments will be sent through command channels to the RSSO, as appropriate, for review and concurrence prior to forwarding the application to NRC.
(1) Commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and USARC and the CNGB may permit subordinate commanders to
forward applications directly to NRC without review. The commander, designated executive of the ACOM, subordinate commanders, or directors sign the license application. The applicant will provide a copy of the application to the
RSSO, the ARSO, and DCPH – A for tracking and archival purposes. Applicant organizations are responsible for NRC
licensing fees.
(2) When compliance with conditions proposed in the application require efforts of personnel of another command,
obtain concurrence from an authorized representative of that organization. Commands will utilize the AMC commodities in accordance with their intended purposes. The NRC license RSO, in coordination with the RSSO, will ensure
coordination with the commands involved.
(3) The applicant or RSSO provides a copy of all correspondence relating to the NRC license and amendment
applications to the ARSO and to Defense Centers for Public Health–Aberdeen, Health Physics Division, 5158 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 – 5403 for Army archiving, to include environmental documentation required by 32 CFR 651.
(4) Tenant/mission commanders must provide a copy of each NRC license and ARA possessed by their command,
including all amendments, to the installation RSO.
c. Army personnel may communicate ARSOHP concerns directly to NRC without restriction. Personnel are encouraged to first report concerns to the chain of command for resolution. NRC Form 3 (Notice to Employees) provides
guidance on communicating with NRC.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

92

d. When contract employees perform Army radiation work in U.S. Army facilities, on U.S. Army installations,
under the auspices of any Army NRC license, the contract must contain specific requirements tying the contract workforce to Army NRC license conditions and other administrative requirements of the ARSOHP.
e. Contractors work under their own NRC licenses at GOCO facilities versus working under Army NRC licenses.
f. Contractors may not work under the auspices of any Army NRC license in non-Army facilities or at off-post
locations unless under the direct supervision of an Army RSO and if the work is authorized by the Army NRC license.
g. The RSO named on an NRC license must be qualified in accordance with NRC guidelines.
h. The RSSO reviews and approves the RSO prior to submission of the NRC license application or amendment to
NRC.
i. The RSSO notifies the ARSO of any changes in the NRC license RSO.
j. Report noncompliance with NRC license conditions to the NRC license RSO. For resolution, the NRC license
RSO will go through command channels to ARSO to correct noncompliance.
16–6. Army radiation authorizations
a. The Army uses ARAs to control ionizing radiation sources that NRC does not license, to include some RGDs
that emit ionizing radiation. Unless otherwise delegated, ARAs are issued by commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs,
and USARC and the CNGB or their designee on the advice of the command RSSO.
b. The Army’s ARA program is similar to NRC’s licensing program. The Army applies NRC regulations and
guidance, modified as necessary, in its control of ARA ionizing radiation sources. Most ARA conditions are similar
to standard NRC license conditions.
(1) When an ARA applicant for a RAM program possesses an NRC license to which ARA RAM use can be linked,
the application need only reference the NRC license. The issued ARA that references an NRC license may incorporate
the expiration date and all conditions of the NRC license.
(2) NRC’s regulations regarding license-exempt concentrations (see 10 CFR 30.14) and exempt quantities (see 10
CFR 30.18) are applied similarly to an ARA exemption.
c. An ARA is required for sources not regulated by NRC except:
(1) Byproduct, source, or special material that NRC has declared to be license-exempt (see 10 CFR 30.14 through
30.20, 10 CFR 40.11, 10 CFR 40.13, 10 CFR 40.14, and 10 CFR 70.14) or GL (see 10 CFR 31, 10 CFR 40.20 through
40.28, and 10 CFR 70.19 through 70.20b).
(2) Less than 3.7 kilobecquerels (kBq) (0.1 microcurie (µCi)) of radium.
(3) Electron tubes containing less than 370 kBq (10 µCi) of any naturally-occurring and accelerator-produced radioactive material (NARM) radioisotope.
(4) RAMs or radiation-producing devices not capable of producing a high radiation area or very high radiation area
(for example, 1 milliSievert (mSv) (100 millirem) in 1 hour at 30 centimeters (cm) from any surface of the device).
For those RGDs that do produce a high or very high radiation area an ARA or ARP is still required as follows:
(a) Commanders will establish policies and procedures to ensure that design and use of these RAM sources or
RGDs comply with the provisions of this regulation, procedures in DA Pam 385 – 10, DA Pam 40 – 11, relevant ANSI
consensus guidance (N43 series), and applicable federal regulations. Only trained and authorized personnel will operate these systems.
(b) Commanders will maintain training records and inventories of RAMs or RGDs by the RSO overseeing the
RSP.
(c) Commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and USARC and the CNGB or their designee issue ARAs to organizations operating cargo and vehicle screening systems which use radioactive sources.
(d) An Army RSO oversees contractors using Army-owned x-ray systems on an Army installation under an ARA
issued to the owning activity from the RSSO.
(e) An ARP is required for contractors using their x-ray systems on Army land in accordance with 32 CFR 655.10.
(5) Diagnostic x-ray systems (including medical, dental, and veterinary) and cabinet x-ray systems compliant with
21 CFR 1020.40.
(6) The Army Reactor Office permits Army nuclear reactors and Army reactor-produced RAM that remains at the
reactor site in accordance with AR 50 – 7.
d. In special cases where NRC GL requirements attach to centrally purchased radioactive devices, the commander
or designee may issue an ARA to ensure that the GL requirements are met, the provisions of paragraph 16–6c(1)
notwithstanding. In the case of an AMC centrally purchased radiation-producing device, the CG, AMC can issue an
ARA.
e. Commanders forward applications for new ARAs, ARA renewals, and ARA amendments through command
channels to the appropriate ACOM for approval. The commander, designated executive of the ACOM, subordinate

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

93

commanders, or directors sign the ARA application. The applicant will provide a copy of the application to the RSSO,
the ARSO, and DCPH– A for Army tracking and archival purposes.
(1) Use DA Form 3337 (Application for Army Radiation Authorization) for new ARAs, renewals, or amendments.
Use either DA Form 3337 or a memorandum for renewals, amendments, or termination requests.
(2) When compliance with conditions proposed in the ARA application requires efforts of personnel of another
command, obtain a concurrence from an authorized representative of that command (see para 16–5b(2)).
(3) The RSSO ensures that applications meet appropriate regulatory and advisory guidelines before sending approval through command channels to the applicant.
(4) Tenant commanders provide a copy of each ARA, including all amendments, to the installation RSO.
f. The CNGB or designee, or the issuing commander or designee, is the termination authority for ARAs issued by
the ACOM, ASCC, or DRU. Terminate the ARA in one of three ways:
(1) An ARA that is linked directly to an NRC license terminates concurrently with the NRC license, providing that
all of the ARA RAM and RGDs and use areas are appropriately dispositioned in accordance with the terms of the
NRC license termination plan.
(2) An ARA not linked to an NRC license follows the same general course as terminating an NRC license. A
termination plan approved by the commander or director is required. Consult DCPH – A, Health Physics Division or
the ARSO for guidance.
(3) An ARA that will be replaced by an NRC license does not require a termination plan but requires an approved
NRC license to be in effect at the time of termination. Include a copy of the approved NRC license with the termination
request.
g. The RSSO provides a copy of all correspondence relating to ARA applications and terminations to the ARSO
and Defense Centers for Public Health–Aberdeen, Health Physics Division, 5158 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving
Ground, MD 21010 –5403 for Army archiving.
h. Annually review implementation of an RSP in support of an issued ARA.
i. When RAM or RGDs under an ARA are not handled according to the specified ARA requirements, notify the
RSSO for corrective action. Contact the ARSO for resolution if the corrective action is not implemented in a timely
manner.
16–7. Nuclear Regulatory Commission generally licensed material requirements
a. Devices purchased under GL authority do not require the U.S. Army to obtain an NRC license.
b. For items licensed under the provision of 10 CFR 31.5, the NRC GL material requires the U.S. Army to operate
under procedures established by the manufacturer. For these types of materials, NRC GL material requirements state
the material cannot be transferred within the U.S. Army without prior coordination with the manufacturer. If the U.S.
Army does not follow the GL of the manufacturer then the U.S. Army is in violation of the NRC GL.
c. Commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, and DRUs and the CNGB may use ARAs or other permitting processes to
manage NRC GL materials within their respective commands.
16–8. Nuclear Regulatory Commission licensed exempt quantities of radioactive material
requirements
a. Acquisition of certain license-exempt radioactive sources may require either a distribution license by the manufacturer or a specific NRC license by the command taking possession.
b. License-exempt devices and quantities received by a command require special control procedures. This includes
unpacking and use of the material. Potential concerns are external exposure and surface contamination from broken
sources. Special precautions may be required if damage has occurred during shipment. The following procedures will
be used for exempt quantities and devices received by the command:
(1) Inspect license-exempt devices and quantities when received. This inspection consists of inspecting the external
surfaces of the device(s) for damage that could cause potential leakage and contamination. Bring discrepancies found
during receipt inspection or unpacking to the attention of the RSO and the organization originating shipment or transfer.
(2) Survey or wipe test damaged devices. Request disposition instructions from JMC or the manufacturer. Use
appropriate accountability procedures while the item is pending disposition.
c. To minimize the complexities of controlling large amounts of exempt quantities and devices and to prevent loss,
commands will consolidate license-exempt quantities and devices in as few areas as practical and minimize the number
in storage.
d. In the event of damage to a license-exempt device or surface contamination indicated by a contamination survey,
the user will isolate the device and packing material and contact the RSO. The RSO will notify the commander and

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

94

the RSSO. Take action to prevent the spread of contamination under the guidance of the RSO. Properly record the
event following the guidance on mishap reporting.
e. The RSO will ensure proper disposal of the license-exempt quantities and devices per the guidance in this regulation on handling and disposal of unwanted RAM.
f. The shipment of license-exempt quantities of RAM must comply with the requirements in DTR 4500.9 – R–Part
II.
16–9. Army radiation permits
a. Nonmilitary agencies (including vendors and civilian contractors) require an ARP to use, store, or possess ionizing radiation sources on an Army installation (see 32 CFR 655.10). Nonmilitary applicants provide a letter requesting
an ARP and supporting documentation to the garrison commander (see para 16–9d). Submit the letter to the garrison
commander at least 30 days before the requested start date of the permit. (For the purpose of this paragraph, ionizing
radiation source means any source that, if held or owned by an Army organization, would require a specific NRC
license or ARA.)
b. The ARP application specifies the start and stop dates for the ARP and describes the intended use of the ionizing
radiation source. For sealed sources, an affirmation that leak test requirements are current is included in the application. The garrison commander should consult the installation staff judge advocate or director of public works to ascertain the jurisdictional status of the area on the installation where the ARP applicant will use the radiation source.
(On some installations, jurisdiction varies by location on the installation.) The garrison commander approves the application only if the applicant provides evidence to show that one of the following is true:
(1) For installations that maintain exclusive federal jurisdiction and installations in NRC non-agreement states, the
ARP applicant must possess one of the following that allows the applicant to use the source as specified in the ARP
application:
(a) A valid NRC license.
(b) A U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) radiological work permit (for work performed under DOE regulations).
(c) A state RAM license with an NRC reciprocity agreement. The ARP applicant establishes reciprocity by submitting an NRC Form 241 (Report of Proposed Activities in Non-Agreement States, Areas of Exclusive Federal Jurisdiction, or Offshore Waters) to NRC in accordance with 10 CFR 150.20. NRC limits work performed under a
reciprocity agreement to 180 days in a calendar year. Otherwise, an NRC license is required.
(d) The NRC or state RAM license must specifically authorize the planned use of the material.
(e) If applicable, a copy of the sealed source device registry is required prior to approval.
(2) For installations that maintain concurrent jurisdiction with the state and are located in NRC agreement states,
the ARP applicant must possess one of the following that allows the applicant to use the source as specified in the
ARP application:
(a) A state RAM license (issued by the state in which the installation is located).
(b) An out-of-state license with host state reciprocity. The ARP applicant establishes reciprocity by notifying the
host state RAM’s licensing authority before work commences and complying with host state reciprocity requirements.
Some states limit work under a reciprocity agreement to 180 days in a calendar year.
(c) A DOE radiological work permit (for work performed under DOE regulations).
(3) For radiation-producing devices, the applicant must have an appropriate state authorization that allows the applicant to use the device as specified in the ARP application and can provide documentation that the applicant has in
place an RSP that complies with Army regulations. Include training documentation of the applicant’s personnel and
use National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) accredited dosimetry for the work covered under
the ARP, if required, in addition to contractor dosimetry requirements.
(4) Cabinet x-ray systems that are compliant with 21 CFR 1020.40 do not require an ARP, but require the notification of the installation RSO prior to bringing the systems onto the installation.
(5) For overseas installations, the applicant has an appropriate HN authorization as necessary that allows the applicant to use the source as specified in the ARP application and has in place an RSP that complies with Army regulations. Applicants will comply with applicable SOFAs and other international agreements.
c. All ARPs require applicants to remove all permitted sources from Army property by the end of the permitted
time.
d. The ARP application should consist of the following:
(1) A letter applying for an ARP with supporting documentation.
(2) Any one of the following:
(a) A copy of the NRC license that permits use or storage of radioactive sources, equipment, and devices at Army
bases, garrisons, and installations.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

95

(b) A copy of a DOE radiological permit with documentation showing that it is valid for the location and operation.
(c) A copy of an agreement state license and, if provided, documentation to show the license is valid on federal
property. This is usually NRC Form 241 in accordance with 10 CFR 150. If work is covered by NRC Form 241, then
the work is limited to 180 days in a calendar year, otherwise an NRC license is required.
(d) If exempt from NRC licensing or under general licensing, provide proof of exemption or general licensing.
(e) For NARM, the contractor must provide appropriate NRC or state authorization that allows the contractor to
use the radiation emitting sources, equipment, and devices.
(3) The licensing must show operational use conditions and restrictions with expiration date.
(4) The documentation must specify the start and stop dates for the ARP and describe why the applicant needs the
ARP (for example, proposed work statement).
(5) Provide the portion of the contract that identifies the location(s) that the source will be used, the length of time
required for the source, and the type of use for the source.
(6) A copy of the company RSP.
(7) A current list of trained and qualified employees using the radiation emitting sources or radiation generating
equipment and their training records.
(8) The name of the contractor RSO and emergency contact telephone number.
(9) Operating instruction(s) and technical order(s) for the equipment that contains the radioactive source, providing
an indication of whether the sources, equipment, and devices are to be stored onsite overnight and how it is to be
stored and secured.
(10) Designating and securing storage locations if the radioactive source remains overnight.
(11) Proposed marking of the storage location if it exceeds 2 mR/hr as measured at the surface of the storage
container.
(12) How the sources, equipment, and devices will be stored and secured during lunch hour and breaks.
(13) How exposure to contractors and government personnel is controlled and if dosimetry is required; use
NVLAP-accredited dosimetry for dose of record.
(14) Emergency response plan in case of an emergency for a lost or damaged source, equipment, and device and
overexposure mishap.
(15) Current leak tests of the radiation sources, equipment, and devices.
e. Grant an ARP for up to 1 year in accordance with 32 CFR 655.10. It is the responsibility of the contractor
performing the work under the ARP to be responsible for applying and receiving an NRC license if work exceeds
more than 180 days out of a calendar year and comply with each individual state’s reciprocity agreements.
f. If a contractor brings a source or device on Army lands and does not have a valid ARP, contact the installation
RSO and the contracting officer. Immediately discontinue work involving the source or device until a permit is obtained.
16–10. Radiation safety and occupational health standards
a. Ionizing radiation. Personnel exposure limits in this chapter do not apply to doses or exposures due to background radiation, medical administration the individual has received, or voluntary participation in medical research
programs.
b. Radiation standards. Table 16 – 1 summarizes Army electromagnetic radiation (EMR) standards. For outside
the United States, table 16 – 1 applies unless SOFAs require more restrictive standards.
c. Dosimetry. Army requirements for wearing and recording exposures to ionizing radiation are contained in this
regulation with procedural guidance in DA Pam 385 – 10. Dosimetry is required if indicated by NRC licenses, ARAs,
and if local RSO deems necessary. Personnel will complete DD Form 1952 before receiving dosimetry or participating
in a routine and bioassay program. The RSO may issue dosimeters to any radiation worker with a likelihood of receiving a measurable dose; however, the RSO will issue dosimeters to assess ionizing radiation doses from external
sources to the following:
(1) External dosimetry. Personnel who are occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation in the course of normal
job duties and who have a reasonable probability of receiving the following doses in any one calendar year:
(a) Adult occupationally exposed individuals. A dose in excess of 10 percent of the limits or any dose associated
with entering high or very high radiation areas.
(b) Minors (less than 18 years of age). A dose in excess of one percent of the annual limit. A minor will not be
allowed to receive any dose in excess of 10 percent of the annual limits.
(c) Formally declared pregnant radiation workers. A declared pregnant worker will not be allowed to receive
more than 5 mSv (500 one-thousandth of one rem (mrem)) during the pregnancy.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

96

(2) Internal dosimetry. The RSO will determine the need for monitoring occupational intakes of RAM using federal regulations and NRC license conditions as guides. The RSO may consult medical personnel for assistance and
guidance, as needed. DA Form 7689 (Bioassay Information Summary Sheet (BISS)) will accompany bioassay. At a
minimum, the RSO will assess the committed effective dose equivalent (CEDE) from RAM intakes when both of the
following criteria are met:
(a) Personnel are occupationally exposed to unsealed RAMs in the course of normal job duties.
(b) Personnel have a reasonable probability of receiving the following dose in any one year:
1. Adult occupationally exposed individuals. An intake of RAM in excess of 10 percent of the applicable annual
limits on intake (ALIs) specified in 10 CFR 20 Appendix B (table 1).
2. Minors and declared pregnant women. An intake of RAM in excess of one percent of the applicable ALIs
specified in 10 CFR 20 Appendix B (table 1). 10 CFR 20.1207 restricts the allowable CEDE for minors and 10 CFR
20.1208(c)(2) restricts the allowable dose equivalent to the embryo or fetus from radioactive sources internal to the
body.
d. Additional requirements.
(1) Nuclear Regulatory Commission jurisdiction. Standards for exposure to ionizing radiation emitted from NRClicensed RAMs are in 10 CFR 20. The Army also applies these standards to Army reactors and a combination of
exposures to NRC-licensed RAM and other ionizing radiation sources through the requirements of this regulation.
(2) Occupational Safety and Health Administration jurisdiction. Federal standards for occupational exposure to
all other ionizing radiation sources are in OSHA regulations (see 29 CFR 1910.1096 and 29 CFR 1926.53). See Memorandum of Understanding between the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration for a delineation of radiation sources regulated by each agency. However, adhere to the standards of
this regulation for all ionizing radiation sources when these standards are more protective than OSHA standards.
(3) Federal requirements for security of radioactive material. Federal requirements for security of RAM; control
of access to radiation areas, high radiation areas, and very high radiation areas; caution signs; posting and labeling
requirements; and RAM shipping and receiving are cited in 10 CFR, 29 CFR 1910.1096, 29 CFR 1926.53, 49 CFR,
and other applicable documents (see app A). Commanders may waive posting and labeling requirements during deployments and contingency operations based on a risk assessment. Consider HN regulations and SOFA requirements
in the waiver analysis.
(4) Radon. Radon is an invisible, odorless, naturally occurring radioactive gas which can accumulate in housing
and other structures. Occupational exposure to radon is governed by this regulation, federal regulation (NRC and
OSHA), and DoD policy (see DoDI 6055.08). EPA has published monitoring guidance, radon relative risk information, and action level guidelines (see PWTB 200 – 1 – 144).
Table 16–1
Electromagnetic radiation —Continued
Region

Wavelength 1, 2

Frequency 1, 2

Authority 3

Ionizing
(gamma and x-rays)

less than 100 nm

more than 3 PHz
(Energy greater than 12.4 eV)

NRC/OSHA 4/Army

Ultraviolet (UV)

100 nm to 400 nm

0.75–0.79 to 3 PHz

American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)/FDA

Visible (light)

400 nm to 780 nm

390 to 790 THz

ACGIH/FDA

Infrared

780 nm to 1 mm

300 GHz to 390 THz

ACGIH/FDA

RF

1 mm to 100 km

3 kHz to 300 GHz

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)/DoD

Extremely low frequency

more than 100 km

less than 3 kHz

IEEE/DoD

Contact and induced current

IEEE/DoD

Notes:
1

Wavelength x frequency=speed of light=3 x 108 m s-1.

Unit abbreviations: nanometer (nm) (10 – 9 m); micrometer (µm) (10 – 6 m); millimeter (mm) (10 – 3 m); kilometer (km) (103 m); petahertz (PHz) (1015
hertz (Hz)); terahertz (THz) (1012 Hz); gigahertz (GHz) (109 Hz); kilohertz (kHz) (103 Hz); electron volt (eV) (1 eV=1.6 x 10 – 19 Joule (J)).
2

3

The regulating authority for personnel exposure for the purposes of this regulation (see para 16 – 10).

4

Use OSHA standards where RGDs are utilized or RAMs not covered by NRC.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

97

16–11. Army personnel ionizing radiation exposure standards and dose limits
a. Army personnel ionizing radiation exposure standards. The ALARA concept is the basis of ARSOHP regarding
exposure to radiation. ALARA involves making every reasonable effort to maintain exposures to radiation as far below
applicable dose limits as is practically consistent with the purpose for which the activity is undertaken. Radiation
exposure standards for Army personnel to ionizing radiation are in table 16 –2. The annual ionizing radiation dose
received by adult occupationally exposed individuals, except for planned special exposure (PSE), will not exceed table
16 – 2.
b. Annual dose limits.
(1) Adults.
(a) Annual dose limits for adults will be the more limiting of the following:
1. Stochastic. The stochastic limit of a total effective dose equivalent (TEDE) of 50 (mSv/year (y)) [5 roentgen
equivalent man (mammal) (rem)/year (yr)]. The TEDE is the sum of the effective dose equivalent (EDEX) (H d) from
external exposure and CEDE (HE,50) from internal exposure.
2. Deterministic. The deterministic (non-stochastic) limit is the sum of the deep dose equivalent (DDE) (H d) and
the CEDE (HE,50) to any individual organ or tissue, other than the lens of the eye; for an adult, occupationally exposed
individual must not exceed 500 mSv/y (50 rem/yr).
(b) Lens dose equivalent (LDE) of 150 mSv/y (15 rem/yr).
(c) Shallow dose equivalent (SDE) (Hs) of 500 mSv/y (50 rem/y) to the skin of the whole body or to the skin of
any extremity.
(d) In cases of uniform whole-body irradiation, assume dose equivalent is the same for each organ; the TEDE is
equal to the EDEX in the absence of any occupational internal exposure.
(e) Internal radiation exposures from radionuclides through intake or immersion will use the ALIs and derived air
concentrations (DACs) published in 10 CFR 20 to determine the CEDE radiation exposure.
1. Derive alternative ALIs and DACs for different chemical or physical forms of RAM when chemical or physical
forms are known.
2. To calculate the CEDE, the licensee may assume that the inhalation of one ALI, or an exposure of 2,000 DAC
hours, results in a CEDE of 50 mSv (5 rem) for radionuclides that have their ALIs and DACs based on CEDE.
(2) Minors. The annual occupational dose limits for minors (less than 18 years of age) are 10 percent of the annual
dose limits specified for adult workers. Occupational dose limits less restrictive than those specified cannot be applied
to minors. In cases of uniform whole-body irradiation, where the dose equivalent is the same for each organ, the TEDE
is equal to the EDEX in the absence of any occupational internal exposure.
(3) Fetus or embryo of occupationally exposed declared pregnant woman. The occupational dose limit to a declared pregnant woman is 5 mSv (500 mrem) (EDEX of mother + CEDE due to radionuclides in fetus or embryo)
during the gestation period. Avoid substantial variation above a uniform monthly exposure rate 0.5 mSv/month (50
mrem/month).
(4) Nursing mothers. Nursing mothers potentially exposed to intake of radionuclides require special consideration
to limit the dose to their child. The child is a member of the public.
c. Accumulation of doses. The dose limits apply to occupational doses that a person receives from all occupations
during the calendar year. Thus, the annual limits apply to the sum of all occupational exposures, not just those at a
single place of employment.
d. Overseas standards. The more restrictive of limits or values will be used when required under the prevailing
SOFA with the host country whenever the occupational exposure dose limits specified in this regulation or the ALI
and DAC values specified in 10 CFR 20 differ from those of the host country. It is recommended that host country
nationals follow host country regulations on U.S. military installations and U.S. personnel follow 10 CFR 20 while
on U.S. military installations as they are considered federal property, are typically governed by federal regulations,
and their doses are not tracked by the HN.
Table 16–2
Army personnel ionizing radiation exposure standards 1—Continued
Category

Maximum 2

Member of the general public

1 mSv (100 mrem) (TEDE) in calendar year 3

Fetus or embryo of occupationally exposed declared pregnant woman

5 mSv (500 mrem) (EDEX of mother + CEDE due to radionuclides in fetus or embryo) for gestation period

Occupational exposure of adults

0.05 Sievert (Sv) (5 rem) (TEDE) in calendar year

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

98

Table 16–2
Army personnel ionizing radiation exposure standards 1—Continued
Category

Maximum 2

Lens of the eye

0.15 Sv (15 rem) (LDE) in calendar year 3

Individual organ

0.5 Sv (50 rem) (DDE + CDE 4) in calendar year

Skin or extremity

0.5 Sv (50 rem) (SDE) in calendar year

Occupational exposure of minors under age 18

5 mSv (500 mrem) TEDE in a calendar year

Emergency worker–non lifesaving

0.05 Sv (5 rem) 5

Emergency worker–lifesaving

0.25 Sv (25 rem) 6

Emergency worker–lifesaving

0.5 Sv (50 rem) 7

Notes:
1

Refer to 10 CFR 20 for detailed standards. For deployment and combat actions, see also JP 3 – 11.

The OSHA standard for occupational exposure of adults and for the lens of the eye is 11⁄4 rem in calendar quarter (see glossary). The OSHA standard for skin of whole body is 71⁄2 rem in calendar quarter. The OSHA standard for hands and forearms, as well as feet and ankles, is 183⁄4 rem in
calendar quarter.
2

3

The dose in any unrestricted area from external sources, exclusive of the dose contributions from patients administered RAM, and released in accordance with applicable regulations, will not exceed 0.02 mSv (2 mrem) in any 1 hour.
4

Committed dose equivalent (CDE).

5

Emergency radiation exposure to incident responders should be controllable to this limit, in almost all situations. The on-scene commander may increase the limit when all reasonable dose-limiting actions have been employed, and increased dose is unavoidable.
6

Only on a voluntary basis where a lower dose limit is not practicable.

7

Only on a voluntary basis where a lower dose limit is not practicable, and only to personnel fully aware of the risks involved, including a substantial
increase in their lifetime cancer risk.

e. Additional requirements and recommendations.
(1) Firefighters, emergency response personnel, and consequence management response force personnel in situations where they have the potential to be exposed to high levels of radiation will use electronic dosimeters and/or ADC
dosimeters if available. Dosimetry should be worn under protective firefighter garments.
(2) Personnel under NRC licenses, ARAs, or activities subject to U.S. state/territory regulatory authority requiring
dosimetry will use an Army-approved NVLAP-accredited dosimeter issued by ADC.
(3) Clinical staff who receive exposures from medical x-ray radiation or wear protective apparel (such as a protective apron) will often wear protective apparel during fluoroscopy procedures. A single dosimeter worn outside the
lead will overestimate the dose to the protected organs and tissue. A more precise estimate of dose may be obtained
by wearing two dosimeters.
(a) Individuals who frequently work with medical fluoroscopic or cardiac catheterization x-ray equipment will
wear both a head-and-neck dosimeter and a whole-body dosimeter. The whole-body dosimeter is worn under the lead
apron, between the waist and the shoulders; for declared pregnant women, over the developing fetus. The head-andneck dosimeter is worn outside the lead apron around the neck region. NCRP Report No. 122 recommends procedures
for calculating the dose from two dosimeters. The TEDE is calculated by multiplying the recorded head-and-neck
dosimeter exposure (C) by 0.04, multiplying the recorded whole-body dosimeter exposure (W) by 1.5, and summing
the two (TEDE=0.04C+1.5W). The ADC automatically conducts this calculation and provides the results from the
individual dosimeters and the TEDE calculation. NRC licensees will incorporate this method of effective dose calculation into their procedures and radiation SOH program before this method of dose determination can be applied for
individuals who receive radiation exposure from both NRC-regulated material and from fluoroscopy. NRC licensees
should refer to NRC Regulatory Issue Summary 2002 – 06 located at https://www.nrc.gov/ for additional information.
(b) In the practice of radiology involving fluoroscopy and cardiac catheterization where the occupationally exposed
individual (for example, physicians, technicians, and nurses) is not behind any protective leaded control booth walls,
lead aprons provide significant protection to the majority of the occupationally exposed worker’s trunk (whole-body).
The RSO will issue head-and-neck and a whole-body dosimeter to workers who frequently wear lead aprons. Use eye
dose limits to determine if the head-and-neck badge dose limit requires an ALARA investigation. Use the TEDE dose
limit to determine the whole-body dose that will require an ALARA investigation.
(4) All industrial radiographers and radiographers’ assistants associated with the use of ionizing radiation sources
used for radiographic purposes will wear dosimetry. Army-approved NVLAP-accredited dosimeter and a self-reading
alarming electronic dosimeter will be issued and worn in accordance with 10 CFR 34.47 and ANSI/HPS N43.3.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

99

(5) Individuals who operate or use irradiators, both machine-generated and NRC-regulated devices, are occupationally exposed and will be provided personnel dosimetry in accordance with the provisions of NBS HDBK 123 and
10 CFR 36. An Army-approved NVLAP-accredited dosimeter will be issued and worn by the irradiator operator. The
processor of this dosimeter will be accredited for high energy photons in the normal and mishap ranges (see 10 CFR
20.1501). For requirements of other individuals entering a room with an irradiator see 10 CFR 36.55(b). Personnel
using portable irradiators require self-reading alarming electronic dosimeter.
(6) Recommended set point for self-reading alarming electronic dosimeters should be ALARA investigation level
(IL) I, see table 16 –5.
(7) Individuals who operate or use well logging sources are occupationally exposed and will be provided personnel
dosimetry in accordance with the provisions of 10 CFR 39. RSOs issue the Army-approved NVLAP-accredited dosimeter to individuals working with such sources.
16–12. Guidance to declared pregnant women
a. Commanders of installations and activities possessing ionizing radiation sources and devices should ensure that
the dose to an embryo or fetus, due to occupational exposure of a declared pregnant woman, does not exceed 5 mSv
(500 mrem) during the entire pregnancy, and should not exceed 0.5 mSv (50 mrem) per month in accordance with the
guidance in 10 CFR 20.1208. The dose to the embryo or fetus is the sum of the EDEX for the declared pregnant
woman, the dose to embryo or fetus from radionuclides in the embryo or fetus, and the dose from radionuclides in the
declared pregnant woman’s body.
b. Command policy will aid with the compliance of the occupational dose limits for declared pregnant women and
the RSO, the supervisor of the declared pregnant woman, and the declared pregnant woman will be involved. The
commander, RSO, the supervisor of the declared pregnant woman, and declared pregnant woman will make efforts to
maintain the monthly occupational radiation exposure rate ALARA and relatively uniform; that is, free of any substantial dose rate variation above the uniform monthly exposure rate.
c. The RSO will inform females occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation of the different, lower permissible
dose limits applicable to the embryo or fetus during pregnancy. The RSO will provide instructions regarding prenatal
exposure risks and concerns to the developing embryo or fetus to females occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation.
NRC Regulatory Guide 8.13 is typically used to provide this information.
d. A female occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation does not fall under the lower annual permissible dose
equivalent for declared pregnant women unless and until she formally declares her pregnancy, in writing, to the RSO.
The RSO will notify the applicable licensee(s) and the ADC. A formal declaration of pregnancy, however, is the
prerogative of each pregnant woman. A woman occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation should not be intimidated
or coerced to declare, or not declare, a pregnancy.
(1) To declare her pregnancy, the woman will voluntarily provide to the RSO a written statement that is dated,
signed, and contains the following information. “I hereby make notification that I am occupationally exposed to radiation in the course of my normal job duties and that I am now pregnant. My estimated date of conception is (only
month and year is needed). I understand that by declaring my pregnancy, my occupational exposure to ionizing radiation should be controlled as prescribed in AR 385 – 10.”
(2) The RSO should maintain a copy of the written declaration on file for the duration of the pregnancy or 1 year.
e. A declared pregnant female may revoke her declaration at any time. The revocation should be in writing and
maintained by the RSO until the NRC Commission terminates each pertinent license requiring the record.
f. Declaring pregnancy should not, in most cases, remove the declared pregnant woman from her normal duties.
The supervisor, in coordination with the RSO, should review the female’s prior dose history and determine whether
changes in the duties of the declared pregnant woman are warranted based on this review. If changes in duties are
necessary, the supervisor and RSO should discuss the rationale with the declared pregnant woman.
g. If the dose to the embryo or fetus exceeds 5 mSv (500 mrem) or is within 0.5 mSv (50 mrem) of this dose by
the time the woman declares the pregnancy to the RSO, the installation or activity should be in compliance with the
guidelines provided in paragraph 16–11b if the additional dose equivalent to the embryo or fetus does not exceed 0.5
mSv (50 mrem) during the remainder of the pregnancy.
16–13. Control measures
a. The commander, with the guidance of the RSO, will approve the design, select, use, and maintain radiation
exposure control measures to ensure anticipated and actual occupational doses are maintained ALARA and do not
exceed the limits specified in table 16 – 2. The following will help in achieving this objective and may be developed
for specific categories of workers or work situations:

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

100

(1) Develop a formal ALARA program with occupational personnel dose equivalent investigational levels as specified in this regulation.
(2) Radioactive contamination trigger levels within ionizing radiation source use areas (found in table 16– 4) signal
the need for further investigation, recording, intervention, and mitigation.
b. An annual radiation SOH evaluation audit is contained in appendix B to assist commanders and RSOs in appraising key radiation SOH controls.
c. Nonmedical ionizing radiation facilities and equipment must be classified and governed by procedures or conditions of the facility’s NRC license, ARA, ARP, or applicable ANSI standards published by the Health Physics
Society (for example, ANSI/HPS N43 series).
d. Qualified experts must perform radiation protection surveys on new or modified ionizing radiation facilities and
equipment before placing equipment in routine operation.
e. Radiation protection surveys should be performed periodically by the local RSO to determine the exposure
(dose) or exposure rate (dose rate) in the environment during the operation of the equipment. These surveys must be
conducted in areas determined by the RSO and must include, at a minimum, area surveys required by the applicable
NRC license.
16–14. Restricted area designations
a. Areas may be restricted for the purposes of control of access to RAMs or to reduce the potential for unnecessary
exposure to radiation. Areas with RAMs or the potential for radiation exposure are classified as unrestricted, restricted
area, radiation area, high radiation area, very high radiation area, contamination controlled area, a RAM area, caution
x-ray, or x-ray in use. Definitions for these areas are found in 10 CFR 20.1003.
b. It is important to use the proper area classification and not over classify an area.
c. It may be appropriate to use more than one type of sign, such as a RAM area and a radiation area if both conditions exist.
d. Mark areas with RGDs for the highest potential exposure. Areas may have a sign that is lighted only when
radiation is produced.
16–15. Radioactive contamination limits
a. In the absence of other regulatory or advisory guidance, use the more restrictive limits from either table 16– 3 or
table 16– 4 (NRC licensees will use table 16 – 4) to release radiologically surface contaminated material for unrestricted
use. ANSI N13.12 Annex C may be used to compare the limits listed in each table.
b. Control, mark, designate, or post per applicable regulations if a surface cannot be decontaminated to levels below
those in table 16– 3. Report the contaminated surface to the appropriate RSO.
c. Always reduce radioactive contamination to ALARA levels.
d. Local commanders and directors may use contamination standards more restrictive than those in table 16 – 3, but
will not use standards less restrictive without applying RM principles.
e. Guidance on radioactive contamination release criteria for decommissioned facilities is available in NUREG
1757, Volume 1. NRC license holders will use either the release criteria stated in their license or guidance in NUREG
1757, Volume 1 for release of facilities.
Table 16–3
Screening levels for clearance a—Continued
Systemé Internationale (SI) Units

Conventional Units

Radionuclide Groups b

Surface (Bq/cm2)
Volume (Bq/g)

Surface
(dpm/100 cm2)

Volume
(pCi/g)

Group 1 High-energy gamma, radium, thorium, transuranics, and mobile betagamma emitters:
22
Na, 46Sc, 54Mn, 56Co, 60Co, 65Zn, 94Nb, 106Ru, 110mAg, 125Sb, 129I c, 134Cs, 137Cs,
152
Eu, 154Eu, 182Ta, 207Bi, 210Po, 210Pb, 226Ra, 228Ra, 228Th, 229Th, 230Th, 232Th,
232
U, 238Pu, 239Pu, 240Pu, 242Pu, 244Pu, 241Am, 243Am, 245Cm, 246Cm, 247Cm, 248Cm,
249
Cf, 251Cf, 254Es, and associated decay chains d, and others b

0.1

600

3

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

101

Table 16–3
Screening levels for clearance a—Continued
Systemé Internationale (SI) Units

Conventional Units

Radionuclide Groups b

Surface (Bq/cm2)
Volume (Bq/g)

Surface
(dpm/100 cm2)

Volume
(pCi/g)

Group 2 Uranium and selected beta-gamma emitters:
14
C, 36Cl, 59Fe, 57Co, 58Co, 75Se, 85Sr, 90Sr, 95Zr, 99Tc, 105Ag, 109Cd, 113Sn, 124Sb,
123m
Te, 139Ce, 140Ba, 155Eu, 160Tb, 181Hf, 185Os, 190Ir, 192Ir, 204Tl, 206Bi, 233U, 234U,
235
U, 238U, natural uranium e, 237Np, 236Pu, 243Cm, 244Cm, 248Cf, 250Cf, 252Cf, 254Cf,
and associated decay chains d, and others b

1

6,000

30

Group 3 General beta-gamma emitters:
7
Be, 74As, 93mNb, 93Mo, 93Zr, 97Tc, 103Ru, 114mIn, 125Sn, 127mTe, 129mTe, 131I, 131Ba,
144
Ce, 153Gd, 181W, 203Hg, 202Tl, 225Ra, 230Pa, 233Pa, 236U, 241Pu, 242Cm, and others b

10

60,000

300

Group 4 Low-energy beta-gamma emitters:
3
H, 35S, 45Ca, 51Cr, 53Mn, 59Ni, 63Ni, 86Rb, 91Y, 97mTc, 115mCd, 115mIn, 125I, 135Cs,
141
Ce, 147Nd, 170Tm, 191Os, 237Pu, 249Bk, 253Cf, and others b

100

600,000

3,000

Group 5 Low-energy beta emitters:
55
Fe, 73As, 89Sr, 125mTe, 147Pm, 151Sm, 171Tm, 185W, and others b

100 (surface) f
1,000 (volume)

600,000f

30,000

Notes:
1

The screening levels for clearance have been rounded to one significant figure and are assigned to both surface and volume radioactivity (assuming
an average surface to mass ratio of 1:1, as discussed in Annex A), unless otherwise noted. Regulatory authorities may increase all volume and surface
screening levels by one order of magnitude when clearing bulk quantities of less than 1 metric ton or 1 m2.
2

To determine the specific group for radionuclides not shown, a comparison of the screening factors, by exposure scenario, listed in Tables B.1, C.1,
and D.1 of NCRP Report No. 123 for the radionuclides in question and the radionuclides in the general groups above should be performed and a determination of the proper group made, as described in annex A.
3

Because of potential ground-water concerns, the volume or surface radioactivity values for 129I should be lowered by one order of magnitude when
disposal to landfills or direct disposal to soil is anticipated.
4

For decay chains, the screening levels represent the total activity (in other words, the activity of the parent plus the activity of all progeny) present.

5

The natural uranium screening levels for clearance will be lowered from Group 2 to Group 1 if decay-chain progeny are present (in other words, uranium ore versus process or separated uranium, for example, in the form of yellowcake). The natural uranium activity equals the activity from uranium
isotopes (48.9% from 238U, plus 48.9% from 234U, plus 2.2% from 235U). This approach is consistent with summing radionuclide fractions discussed
in Section 4.4 of ANSI/HPS N13.12.
6

For radioactivity control considerations, surface radioactivity screening levels for Group 5 radionuclides are controlled to the Group 4 surface radioactivity screening levels.

f. As a general practice, Army organizations will not release volumetric-radioactively contaminated materials or
items for unrestricted use. Screening levels for volumetric-radioactively contaminated materials are specified by, or
negotiated with, the regulator. For volumetric-radioactively contaminated materials not otherwise subject to regulatory
control, screening levels for unrestricted release of items or materials potentially radioactively in volume require approval of the ARSO.
Table 16–4
Acceptable surface contamination levels —Continued
Nuclide 1

Average 2, 3

Maximum 2, 4

Removable 2, 5

U-nat, U–235, U–238, and associated decay products

5,000 dpm alpha/100 cm2

15,000 dpm alpha/100 cm2

1,000 dpm alpha/100 cm2

Transuranics, Ra-226, Ra-228, Th-230, Th-228, Pa-231, Ac-227,
1–125,1–129

100 dpm/100 cm2

300 dpm/100 cm2

20 dpm/100 cm2

Th-nat, Th-232, Sr-90, Ra-223, Ra-224, U–232, I –126, I –131,
I –133

1,000 dpm/100
cm2

3,000 dpm/100 cm2

200 dpm/100 cm2

Beta-gamma emitters (nuclides with decay modes other than alpha emission or spontaneous fission) except Sr-90 and others
noted above.

5,000 beta-gamma
dpm /100 cm2

15,000 betagamma dpm /100
cm2

1,000 beta-gamma
dpm /100 cm2

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

102

Notes:
a

Where surface contamination by both alphaand beta-gamma-emitting nuclides exists, the limits established for alphaand beta-gamma-emitting nuclides should apply independently.
b

As used in this table, dpm (disintegrations per minute) means the rate of emission by RAM as determined by correcting the counts per minute observed by an appropriate detector for background, efficiency, and geometric factors associated with the instrumentation.
c

Measurements of average contaminant should not be averaged over more than 1 square meter. For objects of less surface area, the average should
be derived for each such object.
d

The maximum contamination level applies to an area of not more than 100 cm2.

e

The amount of removable RAM per 100 cm2 of surface area should be determined by wiping that area with dry filter or soft absorbent paper, applying
moderate pressure, and assessing the amount of RAM on the wipe with an appropriate instrument of known efficiency. When removable contamination
on objects of less surface area is determined, the pertinent levels should be reduced proportionally and the entire surface should be wiped.

16–16. Ionizing radiation mishaps reporting requirements
Mishap reporting requirements outlined in chapter 3 will be followed and the following additional mishap requirements, to include natural events (flooding, hurricane, tornado, and so forth) impacting storage and mission areas involving RAM and equipment, will be implemented. Additional reportable events include safety device or feature
failures, which require notification to NRC, and improperly shipped RAM through proper reporting channels to the
DOT.
a. Command responsibilities. Commanders, NRC Army license holders, ARA holders, and RSOs will establish
procedures to ensure notification, investigation, and reporting of ionizing radiation mishaps are accomplished per 10
CFR, 21 CFR, 29 CFR, 49 CFR, DoDI 6055.08, and this regulation. Army NRC licenses and ARAs may have specific
reporting conditions in addition to or in lieu of this guidance. These conditions and federal guidance must be completed
to ensure the Army NRC licensee or ARA holder is in compliance. NRC license conditions may be more restrictive
than federal regulations and will be followed.
b. Basis of reporting requirements. Ionizing radiation mishap reporting will be accomplished per NRC requirements as stated in 10 CFR (primarily in 10 CFR 20 and 10 CFR 30.50), 21 CFR (primarily in 21 CFR 1002.20), and
per requirements as stated in DoDI 6055.08 and this regulation.
c. Reporting requirements. Incidents or mishaps involving:
(1) Radioactive material. Report immediately to the commander, the Army NRC license holder (see table 16– 5)
or ARA holder or ARP issuer, the installation RSO, and the RSSO.
(2) Manufacturers of electronics products. Examples include x-ray machines for industrial, medical, and research;
accelerators; electron microscopes; and neutron generators. Where reasonable grounds exist that an incident has occurred, shut off the device and:
(a) Contact DCPH– A, Health Physics Division at DSN 584 – 8396 or commercial (410) 436 – 8396 or after duty
hours at commercial (410) 436 – 4375, DSN 584 –4375, DSN dialing from outside the United States (312) 584 – 4375,
or (800) 222 – 9698 (24 hour phone lines). For additional information, check https://phc.amedd.army.mil/organization/ohs/pages/healthphysics.aspx.
(b) Report immediately to the commander, the ARA holder or ARP issuer, the installation RSO, and the RSSO.
d. Initial notification responsibilities and responsibilities.
(1) The commander or designated representative becoming aware of an ionizing radiation mishap will telephonically report the mishap within 3 hours of confirmation of the mishap through command channels as follows:
(a) Report to the appropriate Army NRC license holder, ARA holder, or ARP holder. The installation RSO and
installation safety manager are sources of information concerning contacting the Army NRC licensee holder, ARA
holder, and the ARP holder. Notification phone numbers for AMC NRC commodity license RSOs are provided in
table 16– 5. Notification phone numbers are in respective technical manuals, technical bulletins, technical reports,
SOPs, and in the commodity matrix provided on the DA RSO website.
(b) When dealing with NRC GL RAM not covered under an ARA or ARP, contact the local command center,
USACRC, and the ODASAF.
Note. An exception to the 3-hour criteria is that each licensee must notify the NRC Operations Center within 1 hour
after discovery of any case of accidental criticality or any loss, other than normal operation loss, of special nuclear
material per 10 CFR 70.52.
1. Contact USACRC at DSN 558 – 2660/3410, commercial (334) 255 –2660/3410, fax DSN 558 – 3749, or commercial (334) 255 – 3749.
2. Contact the ODASAF at DSN 227 – 1321 or commercial (703) 697 – 1321 or the Army Operations Center after
duty hours at DSN 227– 0218 or commercial (703) 697 –0218.
(c) Upon notification of the mishap the Army NRC license holder, ARA holder, or ARP holder will—
1. Notify NRC and other applicable federal agencies, such as DOT for transportation mishaps.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

103

2. Provide technical information and status of NRC reporting to the ODASAF at DSN 227 – 1321, commercial
(703) 697 – 1321.
3. Provide technical assistance concerning the mishap as requested by the unit experiencing the mishap.
(2) If the commander experiencing the mishap is unable to notify the Army NRC license holder, USACRC, or the
ODASAF in a timely manner, that commander will notify NRC directly and subsequently inform the Army NRC
license holder, USACRC, and the ODASAF. The NRC Operations Center is at (301) 816 – 5100. Precise notification
time requirements for various types of mishaps or incidents are in 10 CFR 20 (primarily 10 CFR 20.2202). Maximizing
the expertise of the Army NRC license holder in interacting with NRC is the preferred process. Notify DOT and other
federal agencies if required.
(3) Notifications will contain as much information as is currently available using the format at paragraph 16 – 17.
(4) The Army NRC license holder reports applicable mishaps to NRC’s 24-hour Headquarters Operations Center
at (301) 816 – 5100. ARA holders and ARP issuers report mishaps to higher commands as required.
(5) Notify the garrison or activity public affairs officer at the onset of the mishap or incident to activate public
affairs contingency measures (see AR 360 – 1). Radiation mishaps or incidents attract the attention of local and national
media quickly. Early disclosure of accurate information is vital to maintaining the confidence of both the internal and
external public.
e. Investigation responsibilities.
(1) The commander experiencing the mishap will—
(a) Ensure a mishap investigation is conducted.
(b) Cooperate with Army NRC license holder or ARA holder or ARP holder and federal regulatory agencies in
providing information requested to determine mishap cause and determine corrective measures.
(2) The Army NRC license holder or ARA holder or ARP holder will—
(a) Provide technical assistance to the investigation, as appropriate.
(b) Interface with other federal agencies concerning investigation or other interaction as a result of the mishap.
f. Army Nuclear Regulatory Commission license holder reporting responsibilities.
(1) Mishap reports will be submitted to NRC to fulfill requirements of 10 CFR 20.1007 and 10 CFR 30.
(2) RSO provides technical assistance to the commander of the unit experiencing the mishap in developing the
written Army mishap report.
(a) DOT, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, Office of Hazardous Materials Enforcement
contact information can be found at https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/about-phmsa/offices/office-hazardous-materialssafety.
(b) Information on reports dealing with electronic products is provided at https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emittingproducts/radiation-safety/report-problem.
g. Other required reporting agencies and time requirements.
(1) Information copies of all reports required by 10 CFR 20.2201 through 10 CFR 20.2205, 29 CFR 1910.1096(m),
or 29 CFR 1926.53(o) and of any other mishap or incident report will be sent to NRC or OSHA through command
channels to the Office of the Director of Army Safety (DACS – SF), 2530 Crystal Drive, 3rd Floor, Suite 3058, Arlington, VA 22202 (DSN 227 – 1321 or commercial (703) 697 – 1321) or via email.
(2) Reports through command channels will meet the same time requirements as do required reports to NRC and
OSHA. For example, if NRC requires immediate telephonic notification, follow it with immediate telephonic notification through the chain of command to ODASAF (DACS – SF) at DSN 227 –1321 or commercial (703) 697 – 1321 or
electronically.
Table 16–5
U.S. Army Materiel Command Nuclear Regulatory Commission commodity license radiation safety officers —Continued
Major subordinate command

Phone number

Commodity type

U.S. Army Aviation and Missile
Command LCMC

(256) 842 –3250
DSN 687 –3250

Am-241 Range Finders and Magnesium Thorium Alloy

CECOM LCMC

(443) 395 –3790
DSN 648 –3790

Gauges, Optical Coatings, Military Vehicle and Cargo Inspection Systems

JMC

(309) 782 –8423/2113
DSN 793 –8423/2113

DU Munitions and Light Anti-tank Weapon Rocket Sights

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

104

Table 16–5
U.S. Army Materiel Command Nuclear Regulatory Commission commodity license radiation safety officers —Continued
Major subordinate command

Phone number

Commodity type

TACOM

(586) 282 –7635/3676/3677/6293
DSN 786 –7635/3676/3677/6293

Tritium (H3)/Chemical Agent Detector/Chemical Agent Monitor, DU in Tank Armor, Radium Gauges for Vehicles, Vehicle
Igniters, Tank Thorium Combustor Liner, Density Moisture
Testers, and UDM –2 Calibrator

IMCOM

(210) 466 –0368
DSN 450 –0368

M101 DU residue

16– 17. Radiation mishap report format
a. Commanders send as much information as possible within 24 hours of the occurrence to higher headquarters,
the radiological consultant to TSG, the ARSO, and NRC licensee. A complete report should be sent once the investigation is complete. Mishaps will be classified in accordance with chapter 3. Report includes personally identifiable
information and must be handled accordingly.
b. The radiological mishap report includes the following:
(1) Date and time of the event.
(2) Radiation-producing device or source involved, including national stock number, serial number, part number,
radiation characteristics, and parameters of the event.
(3) Description of the event, including cause; names and Social Security numbers of the people exposed, injured,
or contaminated; estimated exposure; contamination levels; facilities affected; potential damages; impact on operations; and immediate response actions taken. Information will be appropriately protected, including information protected by Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act.
(4) Actions taken to prevent recurrence.
(5) Recommendations to avoid similar instances at other installations possessing similar material or devices.
(6) Name and telephone number of 72A nuclear medical science officer or GS – 1306 health physicist or RSO, field
unit identification, and the appropriate ACOM, ASCC, or DRU involved.
(7) POC (name, address, and telephone number).
(8) A statement of when the appropriate offices in DOL, NRC, and DOT were notified (if applicable) and by whom
notification was made.
(9) NRC license, Army authorization number, or Army permit number.
16–18. Nuclear weapon and reactor mishaps
a. General.
(1) Command responsibilities. Commanders with a nuclear weapon or reactor mission will establish procedures
to ensure investigating and reporting of a nuclear mishap is accomplished per guidance in this paragraph.
(2) Nuclear mishap response and assistance. Nuclear mishap or incident response and assistance is intended to
minimize loss of life, personal injury, hazardous effects, and destruction of property. See AR 50 – 5.
b. Definition. “Nuclear weapon” is defined in AR 50 –5. Reactor mishaps are defined by the International Atomic
Energy Agency International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale, https://www.iaea.org/resources/databases/international-nuclear-and-radiological-event-scale.
c. Classifying nuclear weapon mishaps. Mishaps will be classified in accordance with chapter 3.
d. Notification. The commander of the nuclear weapon or reactor operation experiencing the nuclear mishap will
follow notification procedures in AR 50 – 5.
e. Investigation.
(1) The DASAF will convene the U.S. Army Nuclear Weapon/Reactor Mishap Investigation Board to investigate
nuclear weapon or reactor mishaps.
(2) The CG, AMC will establish procedures to ensure that a technical investigation and analysis is done for each
significant incident (requirement control symbol DD – R&E(AR)1168(MIN)) or minor nuclear system incident (requirement control symbol CSOCS – 310) (see AR 50 – 5).
f. Reporting.
(1) The commander of the nuclear weapon or reactor operation experiencing the nuclear mishap will follow the
reporting procedures in AR 50 – 5.
(2) Nuclear weapon and reactor mishaps which also meet the criteria of class A through D will be reported in
accordance with chapter 3 and DOL Form CA – 1 (Federal Employee’s Notice of Traumatic Injury and Claim for

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

105

Continuation of Pay/Compensation) or DOL Form CA – 2 (Notice of Occupational Disease and Claim for Compensation) as appropriate for injury, illness, and property damage.
(3) Occupational illnesses to DA military or Civilian personnel resulting from nuclear weapon or reactor mishaps
will be reported as prescribed in AR 40 – 400.
16–19. Dosimetry reporting
This paragraph provides information on ionizing radiation exposures requiring investigations and reporting using the
ALARA ILs.
a. The RSO is responsible for reporting, preparing, and maintaining accurate records of occupational exposure to
ionizing radiation per NRC requirements as stated in 10 CFR 20.2202 for NRC-licensed RAMs. Personnel are required
to use DD Form 1952 to document previous occupational ionizing radiation history. The type of dosimetry provided
to the occupationally exposed individual is included on the DD Form 1952.
b. Elevated ionizing radiation exposures resulting from RAMs or RGDs not covered under NRC licenses will be
reported in accordance with OSHA regulation 29 CFR 1910.1096(l).
c. Routine occupational dosimetry records are not considered medical records. Any recorded doses to Army personnel in excess of those listed in table 16 –2 will require the individual to see a medical professional (occupation
health) and the exposure record at that time will become part of the individual’s medical record.
d. DA requirements on reporting ionizing radiation mishaps is provided in paragraph 16 –16.
16–20. Dosimetry as low as reasonably achievable investigational levels
a. The ALARA ILs specified for individuals using NRC-licensed materials are in table 16– 6. The levels listed in
table 16– 6 represent doses that, if continued for the entire year, would exceed the stated percentage of the annual limit.
For example, a monthly whole-body dose of 0.41 mSv (41 mrem) would be a Level I ALARA investigation. If that
dose is received each month for 1 year it would represent an approximate dose of 5 mSv (500 mrem) or 10 percent of
the 50 mSv (5,000 mrem (5 rem)) limit. DA activities with an NRC license may set their own IL I and II (IL III will
remain consistent for all Army personnel). The activity specific ILs must be approved by the NRC license RSO and
the radiation safety committee.
b. For individuals using non-NRC-licensed materials and radiation-producing devices covered under OSHA regulations, the ALARA ILs are provided in table 16 – 7. The ILs I and II can be changed either up or down based on
specific program needs as determined by the RSO or other qualified health physics professional.
c. If an activity has individuals using both NRC-licensed and non-NRC-licensed materials or devices, table 16 –6
will be used for the ILs for those individuals.
d. For minors, 10 percent of the ILs should be used.
e. Declared pregnant women are not to be covered under these ILs. However, monthly IL I of 0.41 mSv (41 mrem)
is consistent with keeping the dose to declared pregnant woman less than 0.5 mSv (50 mrem) per month and in compliance with regulations.
f. The RSO will have to determine which individuals are exposed to NRC-licensed materials, non-NRC-licensed
materials and devices, or a combination of the two. Once the source of the exposure is determined, the specific reporting criteria to NRC or OSHA will be followed for doses that exceed the annual limit. If a determination is not able to
be made as to the primary source of exposure for individuals who are exposed to both NRC controlled and non-NRC
controlled exposures, NRC reporting will be used.
g. Investigations can be initiated either immediately after an unusual event with a suspected high exposure or after
dosimetry results are received indicating a possible elevated dose.
(1) If a worker, coworker(s), supervisor, or RSO suspects that a radiation dose greater than those specified in the
ILs has been received:
(a) The RSO will identify, in writing, dosimeters known to have been used under non-occupational emergency
conditions, or those suspected to have sustained a potential overexposure, when sending such dosimeters to the ADC
for processing.
(b) When internal exposure indicators (for example, bioassay results and air samples) suggest potential internal
radiation doses in excess of IL II, the RSO will perform or request one or more confirmatory bioassay specimen
collections to be analyzed and used to assess the internal dose.
(c) When an intake of soluble uranium whose enrichment is less than 5 percent by weight exceeds 10 milligram
(mg), the event will be considered a potential overexposure, and investigated per paragraph 16 – 22. One or more
confirmatory bioassay specimens will be collected, analyzed, and used to assess the internal dose.
(d) Guidance on bioassay specimens can be found in APHC Technical Guide 211.
(2) When external or internal dosimetry results are above the ILs:

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

106

(a) The ADC will record on the ADR a person’s dosimeter result that exceeds the applicable ALARA IL, and
report the results to the individual’s unit or local RSO. ALARA IL values can be found in table 16 – 6 or table 16 –7.
(b) The RSO will ensure that appropriate bioassays specimens are taken on the exposed individuals. DA Form
7689 will accompany bioassay specimens. Recommend consultation with DCPH – A, Health Physics Division or Level
4 RSO. Using the bioassay results, the RSO or equally qualified person can use an appropriate bioassay to dose conversion analysis method to determine the individual’s internal radiation dose.
h. When an installation or activity has individuals who are occupationally exposed to both external and internal
radiation sources, the ILs identified under the ALARA program will be specified in terms of the TEDE by taking into
account the sum of the—
(1) EDEX from external sources.
(2) CEDE from internal radiation sources.
(3) External and internal radiation doses derived from ICRP Publication 26, ICRP Publication 60, ICRP Publication 103, or other radiation protection dosimetry system.
i. In cases where there is an approved radiation work permit, the ILs may be waived if controls are in place to
ensure the workers do not exceed the annual limits.
Table 16–6
Nuclear Regulatory Commission as low as reasonably achievable investigational levels (mSv (mrem))

1, 2, 3

—Continued

Quarterly monitoring
Dose type

Level I
(10% of annual limit)

Level II
(30% of annual limit)

Level III
(100% annual limit)

Whole-body 4

1.25 (125)

3.75 (375)

12.5 (1,250)

Lens of the eye

3.75 (375)

11.25 (1,125)

37.5 (3,750)

Other 5

12.5 (1,250)

37.5 (3,750)

125 (12,500)

Dose type

Level I
(10% of annual limit)

Level II
(30% of annual limit)

Level III
(100% annual limit)

Whole-body 4

0.41 (41)

1.25 (125)

4.17 (417)

Lens of the eye

1.25 (125)

3.75 (375)

12.5 (1,250)

Other 5

4.16 (416)

12.5 (1,250)

41.66 (4,166)

Monthly monitoring

Notes:
1

All values rounded down to the nearest mSv (mrem).

2

Action levels for some forms of uranium may be based upon their chemical toxicity rather than radiological properties (see NRC Regulatory Guide
8.31, Revision 1).
3

Facilities which produce radioactive effluents should also consider NRC Regulatory Guide 8.37.

4

TEDE.

5

Other includes: SDE to the skin or to any extremity, or the sum of the EDEX and the CEDE to any individual organ or tissue other than the lens of the
eyes.

Table 16–7
Occupational Safety and Health Administration as low as reasonably achievable investigational levels
(mSv (mrem)) 1, 2, 3—Continued
Quarterly monitoring
Level I
(10% of annual limit)

Level II
(30% of annual limit)

Level III
(100% annual limit)

Whole-body: Head and trunk;
active blood-forming organs;
lens of eyes; or gonads

1.25 (125)

3.75 (375)

12.5 (1,250)

Hands and forearms; feet and
ankles

18.75 (1,875)

56.25 (5,625)

187.5 (18,750)

Skin of whole body

7.5 (750)

22.5 (2,250)

75 (7,500)

Dose type

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

107

Table 16–7
Occupational Safety and Health Administration as low as reasonably achievable investigational levels
(mSv (mrem)) 1, 2, 3—Continued
Monthly monitoring
Level I
(10% of annual limit)

Level II
(30% of annual limit)

Level III
(100% annual limit)

Whole-body: Head and trunk;
active blood-forming organs;
lens of eyes; or gonads

0.41 (41)

1.25 (125)

4.17 (417)

Hands and forearms; feet and
ankles

6.25 (625)

18.75 (1,875)

62.5 (6,250)

Skin of whole body

2.5 (250)

7.5 (750)

25 (2500)

Dose type

Notes:
1

All values rounded down to the nearest mSv (mrem).

2

Action levels for some forms of uranium may be based upon their chemical toxicity rather than radiological properties (see NRC Regulatory Guide
8.31, Revision 1).
3

Facilities which produce radioactive effluents should also consider NRC Regulatory Guide 8.37.

16–21. Dosimetry as low as reasonably achievable investigational dose reporting
a. Installations and activities can specify what actions, in addition to those required by this regulation, are required
of the RSO when an individual’s quarterly or monthly dose exceeds any of the ILs.
b. If monitoring periods other than monthly or quarterly are used, the ILs will be adjusted accordingly for the
monitoring period to result in annual doses for Levels I, II, and III at 10 percent, 30 percent, and 100 percent of the
occupational dose limits, respectively. At a minimum, such actions will follow the guidance in NUREG 1556 and this
regulation.
c. Table 16– 8 provides notification, reporting requirements, and suspense guidance for investigational dose criteria. Paragraph 16 – 22 provides details on ALARA investigations and paragraph 16 – 23 provides details on potential
overexposures above the annual limits.
d. The RSO or NRC license holder, with the support of the ADC, must track actions, to include investigations,
corrective actions, reporting, and follow up, to ensure they are completed in a timely manner to minimize future
exposures.
Table 16–8
Army investigation dose reporting summary —Continued
Dose level

Notification(s)

Notification timeframe

Supplemental report(s)

Level I investigation
At or above Level I limits, but
less than Level II limits

RSO

Informal investigation by the
RSO

Review of ALARA program,
noted in ADR

Level II investigation
At or above Level II limits, but
less than Level III limits

RSO
Installation RSO
RSSO

Notification within 30 working
days of receipt of ADR

Written report within 30 working days after notification from
the ADC or unit or local RSO

Level III investigation
At or above Level III limits, but
less than the annual limit

RSO
Installation RSO
RSSO
NRC license holder (if applicable)
ARA manager (if applicable)
DASAF
TSG

Notification within 7 working
days of receipt of ADR

Written report within 30 working days after notification from
the ADC or unit or local RSO

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

108

Table 16–8
Army investigation dose reporting summary —Continued
Dose level

Notification(s)

Notification timeframe

Supplemental report(s)

Potential overexposure investigation
Above the annual limit

RSO
Installation RSO
RSSO
ADC NRC license holder (if applicable)
ARA manager (if applicable)
DASAF
TSG
NRC or OSHA

Immediate notification

Verbal notification to the NRC
Operations Center and a written report within 30 working
days after notification per 10
CFR 20.2201 by licensee, or
notification of the Assistant
Secretary of Labor per 29 CFR
1910.1096 by the RSSO. The
written report by the RSO will
be provided within 20 working
days to the NRC licensee or
ARA manager for staffing and
submission to the applicable
federal agency

16– 22. Dosimetry as low as reasonably achievable investigations
a. Level I investigation. If a suspected exposure meets or exceeds Level I but is less than Level II, an informal
internal investigation of the ALARA program is conducted by the RSO.
(1) The RSO will determine the validity of the radiation dose and, if verified, consider process improvements. At
a minimum the RSO will—
(a) Assume the dosimeter is an accurate representation of the individual’s dose until proven otherwise.
(b) Confirm the dosimeter was issued and worn correctly.
(c) Ensure the dosimeter was being worn when exposed.
(d) Review the procedures, working conditions, and ALARA program to determine cause of potential elevated
exposure levels.
(e) Provide guidance and recommendations to supervisors and employees.
(f) Provide training, if needed.
(2) If subsequent exposures continue to exceed the Level I ILs, procedures for a Level II investigation will be
followed.
(3) Maintain investigational records in accordance with AR 25 – 400 – 2.
b. Level II investigation. If a suspected exposure meets or exceeds Level II but is less than Level III, this is a
reportable dose in accordance with table 16 – 8. A formal investigation will be conducted by the RSO. The RSO will—
(1) Follow all of the actions required for a Level I investigation.
(2) Report the dose to the RSSO and the installation RSO within 30 working days of receiving the ADR or bioassay
results.
(3) Document the investigation in a written report that will include:
(a) Investigation procedures.
(b) Root causes.
(c) Corrective actions.
(d) Results and follow up.
(4) Provide the report of the investigation to the NRC license RSO or ARA RSO and the RSSO with a copy for the
installation RSO within 30 days from when the dose was reported. The RSSO will review the proposed corrective
actions in a timely manner and provide any recommendations promptly to ensure appropriate actions have taken place
to minimize the risk of elevated exposure occurring.
(5) Maintain the investigation records per AR 25 – 400 –2.
c. Level III investigation. If a suspected exposure meets or exceeds Level III, this is a reportable dose in accordance
with table 16 – 8 and the RSO will conduct a formal investigation. The RSO will—
(1) Follow all of the actions required for Level II investigation.
(2) Report the dose to the RSSO, installation RSO, NRC licensee or ARA manager, DASAF, and TSG within 7
days of receiving the ADR or bioassay results.
(3) Conduct an initial investigation to determine if the occupationally exposed individual needs to be removed from
duties that could lead to reportable overexposures pending completion of the full investigation. The results of the

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

109

initial investigation will determine when the individual can return to duties involving potential exposure to ionizing
radiation.
(4) Provide the written investigation report to the RSSO, installation RSO, NRC licensee or ARA manager,
ODASAF, and OTSG within 30 working days from when the dose was reported.
d. Administrative dose. If the investigation proves that the dose was not a valid personnel exposure (for example,
the dosimeter was exposed when it wasn’t on the assigned individual), an administrative dose will be assigned per
RSSO review and approval if above a Level III, or by a qualified RSO or health physicist if less than Level III.
Guidance on assigning an administrative dose is in DA Pam 385 – 10. Maintain investigational records in accordance
with AR 25 – 400 –2.
16–23. Dosimetry actions for potential overexposures above the annual limits
a. This paragraph covers actions in the event of exposures greater than the annual limits. This situation could arise
from the following cases:
(1) When a dosimeter is analyzed at the end of the established wearing period and the recorded dose on the ADR
is greater than the annual limits.
(2) When bioassay results are converted to dose and the reported dose is greater than the annual limits.
(3) The TEDE from the sum of the external dosimetry dose and the internal bioassay dose results are greater than
the annual limits.
b. The ADC must immediately report to the RSO, NRC licensee or the ARA manager, DASAF, and TSG any
personnel dosimeter results that exceed the Level III values found in table 16 –6 or table 16 – 7. These dosimeters may
indicate exposure conditions that could result in annual doses that exceed NRC, OSHA, or DA limits.
c. For dosimeters with a reading of a reportable radiation dose at a rate in excess of the quarterly or monthly values
specified for Level III (table 16 – 6 and table 16 – 7), the RSO will—
(1) Add the reported dose to the individual’s accumulated dose for the year. If the individual’s accumulated dose
exceeds the annual dose limit, the RSO will recommend immediate removal of the individual from his or her duties
involving further exposure to ionizing radiation. The results of the investigation will determine when the individual
can return to duties involving potential exposure to ionizing radiation.
(2) Conduct an investigation and determine the cause, timeframe, and circumstances surrounding the potential
overexposure.
(3) Determine whether or not the dosimeter was actually worn by the occupationally exposed individual during the
dosimeter wear period.
(4) Immediately notify the licensee if NRC-licensed materials were involved or the ARA manager if non-NRClicensed materials or RGDs caused the exposure.
(5) Implement corrective actions or recommend to the commander responsible for the radiation SOH program (for
example, brigade or battalion level) corrective actions to prevent recurrence of the situation.
(6) Document the investigation. The written investigation report must contain:
(a) A copy of the affected occupationally exposed individual’s ADR covering the previous 12 months of exposure,
if available.
(b) Statements from supervisors or other knowledgeable personnel.
(c) A statement from the affected occupationally exposed individual stating: “To the best of my knowledge and
belief I [did/did not] receive this dose because [state reason].”
(d) Procedures describing corrective actions.
(7) Perform an ALARA review of the duties performed by the worker who is issued dosimetry to reduce the likelihood of recurrence and minimize future doses.
d. When the result of an investigation reveals an exposure in excess of the annual limits, the RSO will—
(1) Recommend immediate removal of the individual from duties involving potential exposure to ionizing radiation.
(2) Follow 10 CFR 20, 10 CFR 34, 10 CFR 35, 10 CFR 36, 10 CFR 39, and 10 CFR 40, as applicable; appropriate
NRC regulatory guides; and this regulation, as applicable, regarding reporting of any overexposures for occupationally
exposed individuals regulated under an NRC license to NRC. Follow OSHA reporting requirements in 29 CFR
1910.1096 for non-NRC-licensed RAMs or machine-generated radiation. Local national personnel outside the United
States will follow the more stringent of U.S. or HN law. Follow all reporting requirements in this regulation when
reporting.
(3) Mishaps involving an exposure that results in a lost time injury, or an injury requiring medical treatment that
causes 1 or more days away from work (includes limited work activities) are also reportable to DA in accordance with

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

110

chapter 3. This includes individuals that have reached their 50 mSv (5 rem) occupational exposure limit. These individuals must be listed in the OSHA 300 Form.
e. If medical follow up is required, the supporting OH physician and local RSO will determine the appropriate (if
any) medical examinations and medical or laboratory tests, including any bioassay procedures, necessary to document
potential short-term or long-term health hazard or injury.
f. The RSO will—
(1) Forward the investigation report within 20 working days after the overexposure event as follows:
(a) Where an NRC license is not involved, forward through command channels to the ARA RSO for concurrence
and transmittal to DASAF and TSG.
(b) Where an NRC license is involved, forward through command channels to the Army NRC license RSO for
concurrence and transmittal to DASAF and TSG, as applicable.
(2) Maintain the investigation records per AR 25 – 400 –2.
(3) Provide to the exposed individual the final investigation report including any revisions made to the individual’s
reported dose.
g. The NRC licensee or the ARA RSO has 10 working days to staff the report to ensure the completed report is
provided within the 30-day reporting time frame to the required federal agency.
h. The OTSG will provide the ODASAF, RSO, and NRC license RSO or ARA RSO, the approved dose to be
officially posted to the affected occupationally exposed individual’s dosimetry record.
16–24. Army radiation safety and occupational health recordkeeping
a. NRC license conditions for retention of records will be met before considering ARIMS guidance.
b. AR 25 – 400 –2 provides guidance for filing of radiation SOH records and proper record disposition requirements.
c. Decommissioning records guidance is as follows:
(1) Holders of NRC licenses will establish and maintain decommissioning records in accordance with 10 CFR
30.35(g), 10 CFR 40.36(f), and 10 CFR 70.25(g).
(2) Holders of ARAs establish and maintain decommissioning records the same way as required by NRC requirements.
(3) Tenants holding NRC licenses and ARAs provide information about the location of use and storage of RAM
to the garrison commander and the installation RSO for the installation RAM history records.
(4) RSSOs are required to review annual liabilities estimates and maintain supporting documentation to support
financial statement audibility, including initial estimate development and annual revisions. Pertains to activities, facilities, and commodities under an NRC license, ARA, or Army reactor permit.
16–25. Shipping, receiving, transferring, and transport
a. RAM will be transferred to authorized persons only.
b. Transfer, sale, or donation of Army radioactive commodities and items will be in accordance with NRC GL
requirements, DoD and Army technical publications, and applicable instructions established by the holder of the Army
NRC commodity license or ARA.
c. For shipping of RAM, the shipper must obtain and retain appropriate evidence that the receiver is authorized to
possess the material (for example, a copy of the recipient’s ARA, NRC, or agreement state license) before shipping
the RAM.
d. Domestic shipments of RAM will be in accordance with applicable NRC (see 10 CFR 71), DOT (see 49 CFR),
and DTR 4500.9 – R–Part II requirements. International shipments of RAM will be in accordance with the requirements
of the International Air Transport Association Dangerous Goods Regulations Section 10 and the IMDG Code.
e. Report lost or damaged shipments of radioactive commodities to the responsible NRC license, ARA, or ARP
holder immediately. Report improperly shipped RAMs per NRC and DOT reporting requirements.
f. Class 7, Type A packaging may require additional controls and security. Refer to the applicable NRC license for
specified requirements.
g. Personnel involved in radioactive shipments will be trained in accordance with 49 CFR Subpart H and the DTR
4500.9 –R-Part II. Persons involved with the preparation and shipment of HAZMAT (including RAM) for transportation must receive training in accordance with the DTR 4500.9 – R–Part II.
16–26. Foreign country and captured radioactive material
The Army does not have a central license holder for radioactive sources from foreign countries. Individual units or
installations possessing these types of radioactive sources are required to obtain a license from NRC in accordance
with 10 CFR or an ARA if NRC does not cover the RAM.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

111

16–27. Range maintenance and radioactive materials
a. All range maintenance and disposal actions will follow the guidance in DoDD 4715.11 and DoDD 4715.12.
b. Range maintenance and disposal actions will follow the guidance in NRC licenses or ARA that cover the RAM
on the range.
c. Display appropriate fire, chemical, and radiological hazard symbols in a manner as to be easily visible from all
roads of approach. Radiation symbols should conform to ANSI N2.1.
d. An industrial hygienist, health physicist, or RSO must evaluate the hazard to determine whether respirators are
needed for environmental safety operations where radiological dusts, vapors, or gases are present. Identify the appropriate type of respirators in the equipment listed for that operation.
e. Ensure the monitoring methods are sufficient to detect to levels required by NRC license conditions.
16–28. Handling and disposal of unwanted radioactive material
a. Army generators of unwanted RAM will implement a plan to reduce unwanted RAM volumes to the extent
practicable. Where feasible, establish a single radioactive waste storage point on the installation.
b. Do not store RAMs with personnel, explosives, flammables, food products, or other incompatible commodities.
Items with radioactive gas or radium will be stored in ventilated structures. Storage areas and containers will be marked
in accordance with 10 CFR.
c. Burial of radioactive waste on Army or DoD-owned or DoD-leased property is prohibited.
d. The JMC is responsible for disposal of Army unwanted RAM. Waste generators will coordinate with item managers prior to disposal. Obtain the approval of the Chief, Risk Management Division (Low-Level Radioactive Waste
Program Office), U.S. Army Joint Munitions Command (AMSJM – SFR), 2695 Rodman Avenue, Rock Island Arsenal,
Rock Island, IL 61299 – 65000 for disposal of DoD unwanted RAMs. This includes approving off-site storage, packaging, shipment, treatment, and final disposition of unwanted low-level RAM. Managers of USACE environmental
special projects and other entities that generate unusually large amounts of radioactive waste may arrange for radioactive waste disposal as part of the project. However, project managers will coordinate DoD radioactive waste disposal
actions with JMC Chief, Risk Management Division, Low-Level Radioactive Waste Program Office.
e. The release of RAM into the atmosphere or to the sanitary sewerage system will comply with applicable NRC
and EPA regulations, state requirements, and local requirements.
f. RAM will be held for decay and subsequent disposal without regard to radioactivity, if allowed by applicable
regulations or by NRC licenses, Army reactor permits, or ARA conditions. However, disposal of such material may
still require special handling as hazardous waste.
g. Overseas units will comply with the applicable SOFA.
16–29. Army Radiation Safety and Occupational Health Program deviations
a. The following personnel may authorize deviations from ARSOHP requirements for both ionizing and nonionizing sources on the advice of their RSSO (deviations from personnel radiation exposure standards require the approval
of TSG and the DASAF):
(1) The commander of each ACOM, ASCC, and DRU.
(2) The Superintendent, U.S. Military Academy.
(3) The CNGB, who may subdelegate deviation authority to the state adjutants general.
(4) The Chief, USAR, who may subdelegate deviation authority to major subordinate command commanders, but
no lower than the first O – 8 in the chain of command.
b. As a minimum, submit the following information to request a deviation:
(1) Reference to the specific standard and to the specific paragraph under which the waiver or exception is being
requested.
(2) Reasons why the standard cannot be met.
(3) Interim measures used that compensate for the inability to comply with the standard.
(4) Action being taken to meet the standard and the estimated date the action can be completed.
(5) Statement of the impact if the waiver or exception is not approved.
c. The approval authority may grant deviations for 1 year or less. The approval authority may extend authorized
deviations in increments of 1 year or less provided conditions cited in the original deviation remain the same.
d. A mishap occurring under an approved deviation results in immediate termination of the approval until the
approving authority completes an investigation and the TSG and DASAF revalidates the deviation.
e. Requests for deviations from federal and DoD regulations and standards require the endorsement of the DASAF
and, in the case of radiation exposure standards, TSG. Forward requests for deviations to federal or DoD radiation

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

112

SOH regulations through command channels to the Office of the Director of Army Safety (DACS – SF), 2530 Crystal
Drive, 3rd Floor, Suite 3058, Arlington, VA 22202. Copy furnish the Army NRC license RSO or ARA holder.

Chapter 17
Army Radiation Safety and Occupational Health Program—Nonionizing Radiation
(Lasers, High Intensity Optical Sources, and Electromagnetic Field Emitters)
17–1. Introduction
a. Army organizations will develop management and quality control (QC) processes to identify, mitigate, and control nonionizing radiation hazards associated with Army activities and equipment in the following order: by engineering design, administrative controls, or protective equipment.
b. Nonionizing radiation-producing devices will comply with applicable Army, DoD, and federal regulations and
requirements.
c. Organizations will not adopt a practice or conduct an operation involving exposure of personnel to nonionizing
radiation in excess of the applicable exposure standards. PSEs to nonionizing radiation in excess of the applicable
exposure standards require prior approval. Such PSEs require submission of a deviation request and the written approval from the TSG and the DASAF in accordance with paragraph 16– 29 of this regulation. This does not preclude
using operational exposure guidance during deployment. Does not apply to patients exposed to nonionizing as part of
a diagnostic or therapeutic medical or dental treatment.
d. Organizations involved in RDT&E and in acquisition of equipment (including COTS equipment) that emits
nonionizing radiation will develop management and QC processes to:
(1) Identify hazards and controls and incorporate protection measures or identify operational restrictions before
fielding; recommend in the programmatic environment, safety, and occupational health evaluation (PESHE) or initial
capabilities document (ICD) environment, safety, and occupational health (ESOH) section.
(2) Process risks for acceptance per AR 70 – 1 before fielding materiel.
(3) Address concerns in the fielding, training, and life-cycle management of commodities that produce nonionizing
radiation.
(4) Ensure that proponents of technical publications include radiation safety requirements about placement, operation, training, and maintenance of systems that emit nonionizing radiation.
e. Hazards of electromagnetic radiation to personnel (HERP), hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance
(HERO), and hazards of electromagnetic radiation to fuels (HERF) comprise the EMF portion of the Nonionizing
Radiation Safety and Occupational Health Program (NRSOHP). Mitigate HERP, HERO, and HERF prior to conducting all military exercises, operations, and activities. Refer to paragraph 22 – 12 for HERO.
f. Commanders will comply with environmental requirements for use and management of radiation sources and
radiation-producing equipment (in accordance with 40 CFR and AR 200 – 1) and prepare required environmental documentation (in accordance with 32 CFR 651).
g. Army outside the United States controls of nonionizing radiation sources will be at least as protective as Army
controls in CONUS.
17–2. Nonionizing Radiation Safety and Occupational Health Program regulations and compliance
a. Commanders of ACOMs and managers who employ personnel that operate class 3B, class 4, or military-exempt
lasers; HIOS; or EMF sources that could exceed unrestricted environment maximum permissible exposures (MPEs)
are required to establish and maintain a safety program for the control of these hazards. Under some circumstances, it
is desirable to include class 1, class 1M, class 2, class 2M, and class 3R lasers in the NRSOHP if such lasers contain
embedded class 3B or class 4 lasers accessible during maintenance procedures. See TB 43 – 0133 for guidance in
determining if an EMF source is required to be a part of an NRSOHP. Contact DCPH – A and CECOM if EMF systems
are not in TB 43– 0133. In this regulation the abbreviation MPE is synonymous with ERL, DRL, and threshold limit
value (TLV).
b. Laser safety as part of the Army NRSOHP will comply with DoDI 6055.15. The ANSI Z136 series can serve as
guidance in the development of the laser safety portion of an NRSOHP. TB MED 524 provides further guidance on
managing lasers within the NRSOHP.
c. HIOS include nonlaser sources of high intensity UV, visible radiation, and infrared radiation. These include, but
are not limited to, welding and cutting arcs, searchlights, UV germicidal/disinfection lamps and UV gel trans-illuminator lamps, xenon arc lamps, UV phototherapy lamps in dermatology clinics, therapy lamps in neonatal clinics (not

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

113

including bili blankets), UV light emitting diodes (LEDs), fluorescence inspection lamps, operating microscopes, and
curing lamps. Contact DCPH – A for further guidance on managing a HIOS as a part of the NRSOHP.
d. EMF safety within the Army NRSOHP will comply with DoDI 6055.11. IEEE C95.1 – 2345 and IEEE C95.7
safety standards can serve as guidance for the safe use of EMF emitting devices in the development of an NRSOHP.
These types of devices will comply with OSHA guidance in 29 CFR 1910.97. TB MED 523 and TB 43 – 0133 provide
further guidance on managing the EMF portion of the NRSOHP. The NRSOHP will cover aspects of HERP, HERO,
and HERF.
e. The Joint Spectrum Center provides frequency deconfliction guidance on EMF systems. Further guidance is
found in DoDI 3222.03, DESR 6055.09, JP 3 – 02, and MIL– HDBK– 240A.
f. Commanders of ACOMs responsible for acquisition of laser systems must establish laser safety programs in
accordance with DoDI 6055.15. Those programs acquiring lasers for Joint Service use must also comply with DoDI
5000.69.
g. Organizational safety programs and employee training programs, including refresher programs, are required for
those organizations having employees that operate equipment capable of exceeding the MPE.
h. Guidance for placement of commercial telecommunications equipment on Army installations is obtained from
the Defense Information Systems Agency, Defense Spectrum Organization, Joint Spectrum Center at DSN (313)
919 – 2836, commercial (410) 919 – 2836, or email to [email protected].
i. Guidance on management of laser illumination of objects above the horizon in the laser clearinghouse (LCH)
standard and the LCH waiver is provided in paragraph 17–3c(6).
17–3. Nonionizing Radiation Safety and Occupational Health Program implementation
a. Requirements. The NRSOHP will include requirements for the following.
(1) Designation of a primary NRSO.
(a) The local/organizational commander will designate in writing and provide training to an individual as the
NRSO responsible for laser, HIOS, and EMF safety. Depending on the various types and number of nonionizing
radiation sources that are present, the commander may feel that one NRSO is not sufficient and may deem it necessary
to delegate these responsibilities among multiple NRSOs. For nonionizing radiation programs that include class 3B
and 4 lasers, a laser safety officer (LSO) will also be designated. The NRSO and LSO can be the same individual.
Any individual designated by the commander to manage any portion of the NRSOHP, laser, HIOS, or EMF has the
same responsibilities and authorities given to the NRSO, but only for those type of sources within their program. To
ensure for a cohesive nonionizing radiation program, these individuals should report to the NRSO. Consider designating an alternate NRSO in writing to ensure program continuity.
(b) The NRSO—
1. Will provide advice and assistance on matters pertaining to nonionizing radiation safety and perform nonionizing
radiation safety functions that federal, DoD, and Army regulations require.
2. Should have the authority and responsibility for the control of nonionizing radiation hazards through well-informed evaluation, the implementation of appropriate control measures, and ensured compliance with required regulations.
3. Will establish a hierarchy of support in organizations (for example, hospitals) with multiple programs or building
locations that employ nonionizing radiation sources to manage their NRSOHP. As an example, hospitals may have
numerous clinics that operate these types of sources, each having their own NRSO and/or LSO, that support the hospital appointed NRSO and/or LSO.
(2) Training of personnel in the safe use of lasers, HIOS, and EMF emitters and where applicable the assessment
and control of their hazards. Training requirements are defined in paragraph 17 – 4.
(3) Application of control measures.
(a) The NRSOHP will—
1. Establish written policies and procedures to ensure compliance with federal, DoD, and Army laser, EMF, and
HIOS safety regulations.
2. Ensure control measures appropriate to the laser, HIOS, or EMF emitter hazard are implemented such that under
any reasonably possible conditions of operation no one will be exposed to nonionizing radiation levels that exceed the
applicable MPE (does not apply to patients undergoing laser medical procedures).
(b) Intentional EMF exposures to humans from EMF systems, such as directed energy or high power microwave
emitters that exceed the MPE (Zone 2 (restricted expert only environment) DRLs/ERLs) will require a deviation request in accordance with paragraph 16 – 29 and written approval from the DASAF and TSG. Requests for deviations
will comply with the alternative exposure limit criteria in DoDI 6055.11. These exposure limits do not apply to targets
of directed energy weapons as defined in JP 3 – 13.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

114

(c) The hierarchy of controls used to manage nonionizing radiation hazards is as follows: engineering controls
should be primary, followed by administrative controls (procedural), and finally PPE.
(d) Laser and HIOS PPE will be in accordance with ANSI Z87 and Z136 series, to include labeling in ANSI Z136.1.
Inspect PPE before each use and periodically test to ensure it maintains protective effectiveness. For eye protection
used for HIOS lamps, ensure that the wavelengths protected and its absorptive characteristics are tailored to the requirements of the particular HIOS in use. For welding applications, ANSI Z49.1 will be used in conjunction with
ANSI/ISEA Z87.1 requirements for the selection of protective goggles and helmets for welding and cutting operations.
These standards address helmet characteristics, shade number for eyewear (which must be appropriate for welding
type and radiation intensity), welding goggles and hand shields, and additional eye protection guidance. In addition to
protecting the eyes from optical radiation, ANSI/ISEA Z87.1 protection must be worn under the helmet because the
helmet is usually lifted to inspect welds. Helmets with photo sensing lenses are recommended for large-scale arc
welding operations to minimize the time the helmet has to be lifted for inspection of welds.
(e) Personal EMF monitors are not approved for use as a means of personal protection from EMF exposure.
(4) Procedures for the management of suspected or known exposures of personnel to nonionizing radiation above
applicable MPEs, reporting procedures of alleged mishaps for nonionizing radiation incident investigation, and preparation of action plans for the prevention of future mishaps following a known or suspected incident. Mishap reporting
procedures are in paragraph 17 – 8.
(5) An occupational medical surveillance program for laser personnel maintained according to DoDM 6055.05 and
AR 40 –5.
(6) Normally be a member of the NRSO committee.
(a) The commander may establish a safety committee when the number, hazards, complexity, and/or diversity of
nonionizing radiation activities warrant it.
(b) The committee will develop the necessary guidance, procedures, and instructions for the evaluation and control
of nonionizing radiation hazards within their program.
(c) The committee will review nonionizing radiation safety training programs and SOPs before the safety program
adopts them.
(d) The committee will maintain an awareness of all applicable federal, DoD, and Army radiation safety regulations, new or revised.
b. Nonionizing radiation safety officer responsibilities.
(1) Managing equipment. The NRSOHP may be comprised of lasers, HIOS, and EMF emitters. Depending on the
size of the program, multiple individuals may be tasked with the responsibility of managing it. Any NRSOHP that
includes class 3B or class 4 lasers will appoint an individual as the LSO.
(a) Establish, maintain, and disseminate written policies and procedures that ensure the safe use of lasers, HIOS,
and EMF emitters within the nonionizing RSP. Provide advice to personnel within the program on the interpretation
of these policies and procedures.
(b) Ensure compliance with federal, DoD, Army, and local regulations and nonionizing radiation program policies
and procedures for the control of nonionizing radiation hazards. Investigate breaches of these regulations, policies,
and procedures.
(c) Maintain copies of Service-level and local nonionizing radiation safety regulations and POCs, local SOPs and
program procedures, and documentation of annual reviews of local nonionizing radiation program per DoDI 6055.01.
The LSO is responsible for these duties for programs that include class 3B and class 4 lasers.
(2) Control measures.
(a) Identify, evaluate, and specify control measures that reduce the potential for exposure to personnel above the
appropriate MPE and ensure implementation.
(b) Approve alternate control measures when the primary controls are not practical.
(c) When reasonably achievable, engineering controls will be favored over procedural controls for controlling personnel exposure to nonionizing radiation above the MPE.
(d) Require PPE to be worn by personnel who may be exposed to nonionizing radiation above the respective MPE
when engineering and administrative controls do not adequately control the hazards.
(e) The NRSO has the authority to suspend, limit, or terminate the operation of a nonionizing radiation emitting
system that is lacking adequate hazard controls.
(f) The NRSO is responsible for ensuring safety analyses of EMF emitting systems that may potentially interfere
with medical devices is completed.
(3) Hazards. Know the potential hazards, including non-beam hazards of nonionizing radiation sources that emit
above the MPE within their program.
(4) Records.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

115

(a) Maintain a current inventory of class 3B and class 4 lasers, military-exempt lasers, HIOS, and EMF sources
that can exceed the MPE within their program and update it annually and more frequently if required by local procedure. Users of systems on the required inventory will report inventory changes to the NRSO as they occur. NRSOs
should forward their program’s required inventory to the installation RSO/NRSO at least annually. The program LSO
has the same responsibilities for class 3B and class 4 lasers.
(b) The LSO will submit names and maintain records of proposed laser workers per DoDI 6055.05 to the appropriate OH office to ensure required eye exams are performed prior to the start of laser work and after termination of
laser work.
(c) Maintain other records including system maintenance, personnel training, program reviews, SOP approvals,
and other documents associated with the NRSOHP.
(d) Develop a mechanism to directly notify the NRSO when a system on the current inventory is being modified,
its operating conditions change, it is transferred, or it is being turned in for disposal. This mechanism will notify the
NRSO when a new system is purchased or acquired. The requirement goes to the LSO if the system is a class 3B or
class 4 laser.
(e) Archive documentation associated with the NRSOHP in the organization in accordance with AR 25 – 400– 2.
(5) Training. Initiate and verify the completion of appropriate training and refresher training of authorized nonionizing RSP personnel (for example, NRSO, laser, HIOS, and EMF emitter operators, service personnel, and range
personnel) in the safe use of nonionizing radiation emitting systems and control of their hazards. See paragraph 17 –4
for training requirements.
(6) Personal protective equipment. Recommend or approve adequate PPE, barriers, and screens for the control of
nonionizing radiation hazards. Periodically audit PPE to ensure it is in proper working order.
(7) Audits/surveys.
(a) Periodically inspect potentially hazardous nonionizing radiation systems to ensure compliance with applicable
regulations.
(b) Inspect the overall NRSOHP at least annually. An independent outside organization will review the program
at least once every 3 years.
(c) The NRSO will take corrective action when any deficiencies are found.
(8) Warning signs and labels.
(a) Recommend and approve the wording on area warning signs and equipment warning labels.
(b) Ensure nonionizing radiation emitting equipment are properly labelled and the labels are permanently attached
to the system housing.
(c) Approve when and where area warning signs are posted.
Note. Area warning signs should not be permanently posted in areas where nonionizing radiation sources are operated
occasionally.
(9) Reviews. Review Army installations, facilities, ranges, and equipment prior to use of nonionizing radiation
sources that exceed the MPE. This includes modifications to existing facilities. The LSO has the same responsibility
for class 3B and class 4 lasers.
(10) Mishaps.
(a) Know the Army nonionizing radiation mishap reporting process and execute that process, when needed, for
their program.
(b) Report known or suspected overexposures to nonionizing radiation. See paragraph 17 –8 for details.
(c) Take part in any investigations that involve potential nonionizing radiation overexposures.
(11) Eye exams. Ensure implementation of mandatory eye exams for laser personnel within their program is maintained in accordance with DoDM 6055.05, and AR 40 –5 (also see DA Pam 40 – 506).
c. Nonionizing radiation source operations and range safety.
(1) Only class 1, class 2, and class 3R lasers are used indoors on Army installations as handheld laser pointing
devices. Prohibit class 3B or class 4 lasers for such purposes.
(2) Users are not to conduct an operation involving planned exposure of personnel to nonionizing radiation in
excess of the applicable MPE. However, some medical treatments involve the exposure of patients to nonionizing
radiation in excess of the MPEs.
(3) Only a Level 2 NRSO or higher is to design, review, and test controls for access to a facility housing a class
3B or class 4 laser, HIOS, or an EMF emitter that can emit above the MPE. Users follow these requirements in accordance with applicable directives before routinely using class 3B or class 4 lasers or EMF emitters within such a
facility. A Level 2 NRSO or higher is to write or review for adequacy NRSOHP SOPs for each facility.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

116

(4) Review ranges for laser and EMF safety to include air-to-ground and ground-to-ground operations. Tools, to
include laser range management tool software, are available to assist in reviewing ranges for the safe use of lasers.
(5) Laser range safety guidance for ground-to-ground or air-to-ground laser targeting operations that are not fired
at targets above the horizon is in DA Pam 385 –63 and MIL –HDBK– 828C.
(6) Follow LCH policy and procedures for lasers that are directed above the horizon (see DoDI 3100.11).
Note. Lasers directed horizontally across the ground that are not terminated by a backstop and lasers aimed at targets
above the horizon may need further review by a qualified expert at the U.S. Strategic Command DoD LCH.
17–4. Nonionizing Radiation Safety and Occupational Health Program training requirements
a. Training is required for an NRSO and/or LSO responsible for a nonionizing RSP of any size and for Soldiers
and civilian employees working with, operating, or potentially exposed to any systems that are required to be part of
an NRSOHP. Managers of a system or operational area required to be part of an NRSOHP also require training.
Training will be documented to provide a record the training was conducted.
b. The training requirements and experience of the NRSO and, if required, the LSO and the alternate NRSO/LSO
must be appropriate with the duties and responsibilities of the program for which they will be responsible and in
accordance with applicable ANSI standards, IEEE standards, DoD instructions, and other program documents (including state regulations as they may apply to ARNG LSOs).
c. NRSO/LSO will provide training to Soldiers and employees working with, operating, or potentially exposed to
nonionizing radiation emitting devices such as class 3B or 4 lasers, or other optical and RF emitting devices that emit
above their respective MPE.
d. Training should be provided to Soldiers and employees working with, operating, or potentially exposed to class
1M, class 2, class 2M, or class 3R laser radiation.
e. Individuals who have not yet completed the required training may work under the direct supervision of staff
already trained on a particular piece of nonionizing radiation emitting equipment.
f. AR 385 – 63/MCO 3570.1C contains range safety officer training requirements for nonionizing radiation emitting
systems. Range safety officers with nonionizing radiation responsibilities may find the training required for a Level 2
NRSO and LSO as beneficial to their range safety responsibilities (see para 16–4j).
g. Completion of training records guidance will be in accordance with AR 25 – 400 –2.
h. Training requirements for NRSO and LSO designation are as follows:
(1) An LSO designated in accordance with this regulation will have completed a formal course addressing the
following topics:
(a) Laser RSP requirements and LSO responsibilities.
(b) Terms and units.
(c) Laser classification.
(d) Biological effects on tissue.
(e) Exposure control measures.
(f) PPE and optical density.
(g) Nominal hazard zones.
(h) Medical eye exam program requirements.
(i) Mishap and incident reporting procedures.
(2) An NRSO with RF safety responsibilities for personnel (HERP) designated in accordance with this regulation
will have completed a formal course of instruction addressing the following topics:
(a) NRSO requirements and responsibilities for the RF safety program.
(b) Terms and units.
(c) Biological effects on tissue.
(d) Effects on medical electronics.
(e) RF shock hazards.
(3) An NRSO with RF safety responsibilities for ordnance (HERO) or fuels (HERF) designated in accordance with
this regulation will have completed a formal course of instruction addressing the following topics:
(a) Effects on aircraft avionics, controls, and communications.
(b) Air traffic control.
(c) Explosives.
(d) Fueling operations.
(e) Emergency medical services (EMS) communications.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

117

(4) An NRSO with HIOS responsibilities designated in accordance with this regulation will have completed a
formal course addressing the following topics:
(a) NRSO requirements and responsibilities for the HIOS safety program.
(b) Terms and units.
(c) HIOS safety to include non-beam hazards.
(d) Biological effects on tissue.
(e) Exposure control measures.
(f) PPE.
(5) Training listed in paragraphs 17–4h(1) through 17–4h(4) will be completed before the NRSO and/or LSO assumes their safety program responsibilities.
(6) NRSO and/or LSO training will be more comprehensive than for other personnel working with, operating, or
potentially exposed to sources of nonionizing radiation.
(7) NRSOs are responsible for the training of subordinate NRSOs. This requirement is the same for LSOs.
i. Requirements for Level 3 NRSO are as follows and apply to ACOMs, ASCCs, and DRU RSSOs:
(1) RSSO, health physicist (GS – 1306), physicist (GS – 1310), electrical engineer (GS – 0855), and nuclear medical
science officer (72A) responsible for the command NRSOHP are qualified to be Level 3 RSOs because of their background.
(2) A formal course of instruction is required that includes a minimum of 12 hours of nonionizing radiation instruction in each of the following topics: optical radiation (laser, HIOS) and RF (HERP and, if required, HERO and/or
HERF) from paragraph 17–4h.
(3) Individuals who meet the basic standard for a health physicist, but occupy a different career field, may also
meet Level 3 qualifications if they have a minimum of 12 hours of nonionizing radiation safety training in the relevant
topics listed in paragraph 17–4h.
(4) Requires annual refresher training to include any available nonionizing radiation safety-related material (video,
online, or face-to-face training; meeting/conference attendance; and so forth).
j. Requirements for Level 2 NRSO are as follows and apply to subordinate commands, units or organizations (brigade level or above), installations, and large programs with extensive inventory:
(1) Level 2 qualified personnel include CBRN specialist (AOC 74D), AOC 74A CBRN officer, 740A CBRN warrant officer, signal/communications (25 job series), SOH specialist, and engineers and scientists.
(2) Individuals who meet the basic standard for a Level 2 NRSO but occupy a different career field may also meet
Level 2 qualifications if they have received a minimum of 12 hours nonionizing radiation safety training in the relevant
topics listed in paragraph 17–4h.
(3) Requires a formal course of instruction that includes a minimum of 12 hours of nonionizing radiation instruction
(laser, HIOS, RF to include HERP, HERO, and/or HERF) from paragraph 17–4h.
(4) Requires annual refresher training to include any available nonionizing radiation safety-related material (video,
online, or face-to-face training; meeting/conference attendance; and so forth).
(5) Contact the Level 3 NRSO, ARSO, or the Nonionizing Radiation Division (NRD) of DCPH – A for guidance in
determining the appropriate level of training and refresher training needed for an NRSO to manage their program
safely.
(6) Laser range safety officers will be Level 2 NRSOs and have additional training as described in DA Pam 385 –63.
k. Requirements for Level 1 NRSOs are as follows and apply to units or organizations below brigade level and
organizations with little inventory. Level 1 NRSOs are subordinate to Level 2 or 3 NRSOs:
(1) Level 1 NRSOs must have the guidance of a Level 2 or 3 NRSO available to them. They are responsible for
lasers, HIOS, and EMF sources within medical facilities, industrial settings, and shops used for research as well as
other nonionizing radiation sources.
(2) The Level 1 NRSO should complete a nonionizing radiation safety course taught by a Level 2 or higher NRSO
or SME, or receive other equivalent online training as approved by the command.
(3) A portion of their training must be specific for the nonionizing radiation emitting systems within their program’s responsibility.
(4) They must receive annual refresher nonionizing radiation safety training (see para 17–4r).
(5) If a Level 2 or 3 NRSO is not easily accessible to train him or her, the Level 1 NRSO will take Level 2 training.
l. Army personnel who have been identified as laser workers or operators of nonionizing radiation equipment that
emits above the MPE will be provided training in those areas needed to execute their mission safely and efficiently.
This training will be for the system(s) that they operate or work with and specifically address, at a minimum:
(1) Topics listed for NRSO designation as they pertain to a particular piece of nonionizing radiation emitting equipment.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

118

(2) Proper use of PPE and control measures such as barriers, signs, warning lights and so forth.
(3) General and special safety requirements, to include hazard distances, particular to the system and its operation.
(4) Identification of all known and perceived hazards.
(5) Risk mitigation techniques and controls.
(6) Lessons learned from previous operations.
(7) Mishap and incident reporting procedures.
(8) Procedures for maintaining an operational log for recording EMF radiation safety-related events (such as radiation control area violations, overrides of warning signs, or safety interlocks).
(9) Training will meet National Environmental Policy Act environmental documentation requirements for potential
impact of EMF systems on the surrounding environment through interaction with tissue, medical electronics, aircraft,
explosives, and fueling operations.
m. Where appropriate, training will include CPR and safety procedures for applicable non-beam or non-EMF hazards associated with systems in use.
n. NRSO/LSO develops a risk communication plan for applicable hazards (such as high voltage) other than nonionizing radiation hazards associated with the systems in use.
(1) Apply current risk communication techniques for describing risk and the process of risk assessment and characterization (see chap 6). Potential EMF exposures in military deployments follow operational risk communication
requirements of DoDI 6490.03 and DoDI 6055.11.
(2) At a minimum, address opportunities to ensure potential occupationally exposed individuals to EMF emitters,
including those with implanted medical devices, metal implants, stents, shunts, or wires, understand the known health
implications of the EMF system operation.
o. Nonionizing radiation safety instructor qualifications are as follows:
(1) Nonionizing radiation safety training programs designed to train Level 2 and 3 NRSOs are conducted by
nonionizing radiation SMEs with a thorough knowledge of nonionizing radiation and its safety concepts.
(2) TRADOC new equipment and refresher training instructors that have completed their instructor qualification
and an applicable level of instruction in laser, HIOS, or EMF safety are qualified to instruct those levels which they
have completed.
(3) Non-TRADOC new equipment and refresher training instructors for laser, HIOS, or EMF emitters (that are not
GS-1306s, GS-1310s, GS-0855s, or 72As) require completion of, as a minimum, Level 2 NRSO training and must
have completed an instructor qualification course.
(4) Personnel having received NRSO training can provide safety training to personnel having a reduced responsibility within the nonionizing RSP (in other words, a Level 1 NRSO could train a laser operator, but not another Level
1 NRSO).
p. The nonionizing radiation safety portion of the Radiation Safety for Safety Professionals course will meet Level
1 NRSO requirements. It is a familiarization program to understand basic nonionizing radiation safety and whom to
contact for additional expertise. The training is part of the safety professional certification process and is an accredited
course by the SOH FC certification process.
q. Recommended course for Level 2 and 3 NRSOs is offered by DCPH– A. Commercial courses with similar course
material may be acceptable if they are approved by the Army NRSO. Refresher training for Levels 2 and 3 is also
available through DCPH – A.
r. Refresher training requirements are as follows:
(1) Provide refresher training annually to ensure personnel are adequately trained and the training is being retained.
(2) Annual nonionizing radiation safety refresher training for laser workers (defined in DoDM 6055.05), operators
of class 3B lasers, class 4 lasers, HIOS, or EMF emitters that produce nonionizing radiation above the exposure limits
will be approved by the Level 2 NRSO or higher.
(3) Annual nonionizing radiation safety refresher training will be scheduled and funded by the commander.
(4) Accomplish annual refresher training through local training, a DL course, or a formal course of instruction. A
series of laser safety videos developed by DCPH – A for Level 1 NRSO training and nonionizing radiation equipment
operators are available on www.milsuite.mil/video/. (CAC required.)
(5) Annual refresher training should cover a topic described in paragraph 17–4h or a topic specifically designed
for a particular piece of nonionizing radiation emitting equipment or facility.
(6) Refresher training could be an abbreviated version of the original training or it may be as simple as a review of
an SOP, operator manual, or local radiation safety regulation.
(7) Personnel that occasionally (less than once a month) work with class 3B or class 4 lasers and HIOS or EMF
emitters that produce nonionizing radiation above the MPE require refresher training each time and prior to working

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

119

with that particular piece of equipment. This training may be a review of an SOP or operator manual for that piece of
equipment, as long as nonionizing radiation safety is included.
(8) Re-training should occur after a significant regulatory change.
17–5. Program audits, inspections, or reviews
a. The U.S. Army will provide (upon request) an update of the NRSOHP to the Office of the DUSD (Installations
and Environment) as part of the ASOHP in-progress review requirements of DoDI 6055.01.
b. NRSO and/or LSO periodically inspects potentially hazardous nonionizing radiation systems to ensure compliance with applicable regulations.
c. NRSO and/or LSO audits the overall program at least annually.
d. An independent outside organization should review the nonionizing RSP at least once every 3 years.
e. The NRSO and/or LSO will take corrective action when deficiencies are found.
17–6. Range audits, inspections, or reviews
The OTSG, when requested, will provide policies, guidance, and technical assistance for OH protection regarding
laser, EMF, or HIOS hazards on indoor and outdoor ranges per AR 385 –63/MCO 3570.1C.
17–7. Nonionizing radiation hazard evaluation
a. DCPH– A serves as the Army’s laser, HIOS, and EMF emitter safety reviewer who provides a system safety
review and hazard evaluation of lasers, HIOS, and EMF emitters used in the U.S. Army.
b. DCPH– A can provide guidance on hazards from nonionizing radiation emitting devices that do not have a military application.
c. Laser devices manufactured or marketed in the United States for DoD are required to meet the provisions of the
Radiation Safety Performance Standards issued by FDA, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, 21 CFR
1040.10, and 21 CFR 1040.11 per DoDI 6055.15. Laser devices manufactured or marketed in the United States for
DoD for use in combat, combat training, or that are classified in the interest of national security are considered military-specific lasers. Military-exempt lasers are required to meet the provisions of the Radiation Safety Performance
Standards issued by FDA, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, 21 CFR 1040.10, and 21 CFR 1040.11 per
DoDI 6055.15 to the greatest extent possible see paragraph 17 – 9.
d. Military-specific laser products used exclusively by DoD designed for actual combat, combat training, or are
classified in the interest of national security that are unable to comply with the 21 CFR 1040 may be exempted from
some requirements of 21 CFR 1040, but will meet the guidance to the greatest extent possible. See paragraph 17 – 9
for guidance on the DoD military exemption.
(1) DCPH– A, NRD (DSN 584 – 3353/3932 or commercial (410) 436 – 3932/3553) reviews all military-specific lasers used by the U.S. Army and nonmilitary-specific lasers that are used by or may expose U.S. Army personnel and
are not medical or classroom pointers. These laser hazard evaluations (LHEs) should take place early in the development of a laser system and at milestones described in DA Pam 70 –3.
(a) The PM and safety engineers implement the regulatory guidance from the DCPH – A LHE or provide in writing
the rationale why the guidance is not to be implemented.
(b) The PM and safety engineers coordinate with the contracting officer, laser manufacturer, and DCPH – A on the
process to ensure the safety guidance is implemented.
(2) If an LHE has been performed and the laser product did not comply with the 21 CFR 1040, the PM will inform
the manufacturer of those requirements not being met and the manufacturer is then responsible for implementing those
requirements or requesting the use of the military exemption from the DoD procuring agency.
(3) See paragraph 17 – 9 for using the DoD military exemption.
e. Acquisition of type-classified, military-specific laser systems is conducted by the program executive offices of
the ASA (ALT) as required by AR 70 – 1 (also see DA Pam 70 – 3).
f. DCPH– A provides hazard evaluations of broadband light sources and HIOS that have a combat application.
Nonlaser UV, visible, and infrared sources or HIOS will be used and controlled such that personnel exposures do not
exceed the limits specified in the latest ACGIH Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents
and Biological Exposure Indices. However, some medical treatments (for example, phototherapy lamps in dermatology clinics) involve the controlled exposure of patients to nonionizing radiation in excess of the TLVs.
g. Only Level 3 LSOs and DCPH– A can authorize use of class 3B and class 4 lasers on an Army range for RDT&E
purposes.
h. Use of any military-specific laser or any COTS laser on an Army range is permitted only if a Joint DoD or Army
LHE has been performed, documented, and signed for that specific model of laser.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

120

i. Use measurement procedures and techniques recommended in IEEE C95.3 as basic guidance when making measurements for evaluating HERP. This requirement does not preclude the use of other EMF measuring and evaluation
methodologies.
(1) DCPH– A can provide information pertaining to personnel hazard evaluation and the capability for investigating
and evaluating personnel hazards created by various EMF systems.
(2) Based upon IEEE C95.1 –2345 and DoDI 6055.11 there are two tiers to RF safety exposure limits, restricted
access and unrestricted access.
(3) In some RF environments, contact with excessively high RF voltages may result in an RF shock or burn. An
open voltage of 140 volts root-mean-squared in the RF field is a conservative criterion used to define the potential RF
shock and burn hazard situation.
(4) These standards are established to protect personnel against any adverse health effects and specify exposure
levels for personnel protection. Current scientific evidence indicates that no adverse health effects will occur with
exposures that are within the Zone 3 DRLs or ERLs, even under repeated or long-term exposure conditions.
j. DCPH– A maintains Army records of surveys, reports, calculations, and control measures for each type-classified
EMF emitter.
k. Where multiple EMF emitters are located, RF evaluation data will include a determination of weighted contributions from expected simultaneously operated emitters.
(1) Multiple emitters in fixed arrangements. Where multiple EMF emitters may be collocated in fixed arrangements (such as aboard ships or at communication sites), determine the weighted contribution that should be made to
ensure personnel are not exposed to effective EMF levels above the exposure limits.
(2) Multiple emitters in dynamic arrangements. Where multiple EMF emitters may be collocated in dynamic arrangements, computer-aided modeling is needed to determine the weighted contribution that should be made to ensure
personnel are not exposed to effective EMF levels above the exposure limits.
l. EMF emitter evaluation data will be provided to the Army Spectrum Management Office to confirm the data
collected is in accordance with the data provided in the spectrum supportability risk assessment and DD Form 1494
(Application for Equipment Frequency Allocation). The EMF emitter evaluation data will be included in the Army
Spectrum Management Program.
m. Affix HERO warning labels to operated portable or mobile emitter systems to alert the user of the potential
hazard if the emitter is operated closer than the prescribed safe separation distance for the military munitions-related
operation of concern where appropriate. Further guidance on HERO is in paragraph 22 –12.
n. Extremely low frequency EMR and static electric field sources will be used and controlled such that personnel
exposures do not exceed the limits specified in the latest ACGIH Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances
and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Extremely low frequency and static field limits are located in
IEEE C95.1– 2345.
o. Static magnetic field sources will be controlled so personnel exposures do not exceed the limits specified in
IEEE C95.1– 2345.
17–8. Nonionizing radiation related mishap
a. General. Mishaps occur when personnel are exposed to nonionizing radiation levels in excess of the MPE for a
laser source, in excess of the applicable ERL for an EMF source, and in excess of the TLVs for HIOS.
b. Suspected injuries.
(1) Immediately evacuate personnel suspected of experiencing an overexposure from laser, HIOS, or EMF radiation to the nearest medical facility for an examination (within 48 hours of suspected exposure). Typically, these injuries aren’t easily detected by untrained personnel.
(2) Medical personnel can coordinate medical guidance for laser and EMF injuries from the DoD Laser/EMF Injury
Hotline through the ESOH Service Center, 1 – 888 –232 – ESOH (3764) or email [email protected]. Upon
examination, if medical facility personnel suspect or confirm the overexposure, they contact the injured person’s commander or supervisor.
(3) When possible, quarantine the device that caused the potential injury. DCPH – A may use it as part of the mishap
investigation in accordance with paragraph 17–8c(3)(d), DoDI 6055.11, and DoDI 6055.15 through
OTSG/MEDCOM.
c. Reporting requirements.
(1) Persons involved in or aware of a mishap will, after getting the injured person medical treatment, report it
immediately to the commander or supervisor directly responsible for the operation, materiel, or persons involved.
(2) The commander or supervisor is responsible for reporting the mishap. The NRSO may be tasked by the commander or supervisor to report the mishap.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

121

(3) Report the suspected overexposure to the following:
(a) Notify the garrison or activity public affairs officer at the onset of the mishap to activate public affairs contingency measures (see AR 360– 1). Radiation mishaps attract the attention of local and national media quickly. Early
disclosure of accurate information is vital to maintaining the confidence of both the internal and external public.
(b) DoD Laser/EMF Injury Hotline at 1 – 888 – 232 – ESOH (3764) or email [email protected].
(c) U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research (MCMR – SRR – O), Ocular Trauma and Vision Restoration at website
https://usaisr.amedd.army.mil/04_ocular_trauma.html. Trauma Clinic and Civilian Care Coordination Office at commercial phone (210) 916 – 2796.
(d) DCPH– A, NRD (DSN 584 – 3353/3932 or commercial (410) 436 –3932/3553 or (800) 222 – 9698 after duty
hours) email [email protected]. This is the lead office for laser, HIOS, and EMF
mishap investigations through OTSG/MEDCOM.
(e) The commander experiencing a nonionizing radiation mishap will send an email message and provide as many
details of the mishap as possible, if in accordance with the Radiological Mishap Report format paragraph 16 – 16,
within 24 hours of occurrence to the following addresses:
1. Commander, U.S. Army Combat Readiness Center (CSSC – Z), Fort Rucker, AL at DSN 558 – 2660/3410 or
commercial (334) 255 – 2660/3410 (24-hour phone line), fax DSN 558 – 3749 or commercial (334) 255 – 3749, or email
[email protected].
2. The ODASAF (DACS – SF) at DSN 227 – 1321 or commercial (703) 697 –1321, or the Army Operations Center
after duty hours at DSN 227 –0218 or commercial (703) 697 – 0218.
(f) Contact local industrial hygienist to enter data into DOEHRS.
(g) Contact responsible safety office to ensure they meet any OSHA recordkeeping requirements per this regulation.
(h) For incidents to Army aircraft in commercial air space, report these incidents to the USACID and the Federal
Bureau of Investigation.
17–9. Using the Department of Defense military laser exemption
a. To be eligible for use of the DoD military laser exemption and become designated as military-exempt, a militaryspecific laser product must meet all of the following:
(1) Used exclusively by the DoD.
(2) Designed for actual combat, combat training, or is classified in the interest of national security.
(3) Must be unable to comply with provisions of the performance requirements in 21 CFR 1040.10 due to mission
requirements.
b. Lasers intended primarily for indoor classroom training and demonstration, industrial operations, scientific investigations, or medical applications cannot be designated military-exempt.
c. Military-specific lasers will meet the laser performance requirements in 21 CFR 1040.10 to the greatest extent
possible unless the laser system’s mission may be affected by the CFR requirement(s).
d. If a military-specific laser is unable to comply with all of the provisions of 21 CFR 1040.10, the manufacturer
is responsible for requesting the use of the military exemption from the DoD procuring agency.
e. If the DoD procuring agency grants the use of the military exemption, a military exemption notification letter is
authored by the DoD procuring agency and sent to the laser manufacturer prior to any lasers being delivered to the
U.S. Army.
(1) The PM or someone designated by the PM is the signatory for the military exemption notification.
(2) The signatory will control and is responsible for the inventory of those exempt systems for the entire lifecycle
up to demilitarization and disposal.
(3) These letters are contract specific and limited to the number of lasers in that contract. New contracts or contract
extensions require the issuance of a new military exemption notification letter to the manufacturer.
(4) Army PMs granting use of the military exemption notification letter to a manufacturer will maintain the laser
exemption documentation and will provide DCPH – A, NRD with a copy of the military exemption notification letter.
(5) Exempt lasers will be tracked and accounted for throughout their lifetime by the receiving ACOM, ASCCs,
and DRUs; ensure the PM knows where and how the lasers are being used to ensure they are being properly controlled
and safely used.
(6) For laser systems that are being delivered to the U.S. Army for a safety release for T&E purposes only, a T&E
military exemption notification letter per DoDI 6055.15 is sent to the manufacturer prior to delivery of the T&E lasers.
DCPH–A, NRD can provide guidance in authoring these letters.
(a) The delivered T&E lasers are limited by the letter in quantity to a minimum number of units necessary for T&E
activity.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

122

(b) Contact DCPH– A to perform an LHE to assess safety and report any CFR deficiencies prior to the issuance of
a safety release and any T&E activities taking place. As part of the LHE the laser product will be in accordance with
21 CFR 1040 and if noncompliant with ANSI Z136.1, it must comply with alternative controls in MIL – STD– 1425A.
(c) For T&E units that remain in the Army’s custody permanently after the required LHE, and after the completion
of testing activities, a second military exemption notification letter for fielding is issued to the laser manufacturer for
those systems being retained.
(7) For laser systems that are being delivered to the U.S. Army for a safety confirmation for fielding, a fielding
military exemption notification letter per DoDI 6055.15 is sent to the manufacturer prior to delivery of the lasers to
the U.S. Army.
(a) Military-exempt lasers ready for a safety confirmation for fielding will comply with laser safety design requirements in MIL – STD– 1425A (also found in ANSI Z136.6).
(b) Fielding military exemption notification letters require as an attachment to the letter the DoD Laser Exemption
from Federal Standards form (available at https://www.denix.osd.mil/soh/references/) that lists all CFR deficiencies
and gives justification for that deficiency.
(c) All military-exempt lasers will have a DoD military exemption label permanently attached to the laser housing.
This label will contain the statement contained in figure 17 –1 (alternate wording may be recommended by DCPH – A,
NRD).

Figure 17 –1. Department of Defense military exemption label

(8) Proponents of military-exempt lasers include laser safety requirements in technical publications for siting, operation, and maintenance of these lasers and laser systems. Recommended requirements include:
(a) Nominal ocular hazard distances.
(b) Nominal ocular hazard distances for 7 x 50 binocular viewing.
(c) Nominal skin hazard distances.
(d) Optical density requirements for laser eye protection.
(e) Reproductions of all required labels and hazard warnings.
(f) Any appropriate safety instruction to avoid hazards specific to that system.
(9) Ensure that foreign military sales of military-specific exempt lasers comply with applicable U.S. regulations
and DoD directives. AMC handles foreign military sales of military-exempt lasers. Disposition of a military-exempt
laser without utilization or specialized sale requires approval of the DUSD (Installations and Environment) or designee. Send requests for such disposition through supply channels to the commander of the appropriate item manager.
(10) Deliveries of noncompliant lasers without a military exemption notification letter are a violation of the CFR.
17–10. Exempt laser inventory requirements
a. The signatory for a military exemption notification letter is responsible for the inventory of those military-specific lasers delivered under that exemption (contract) throughout their lifetime.
b. PM offices that field exempt military-specific lasers are responsible for maintaining an inventory of the lasers
they have exempted and are currently in the field.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

123

c. DCPH– A, NRD serves as the repository of Army program delivered military exemption notification letters.
Each time a letter is issued a copy will be forwarded to DCPH – A, NRD.
d. The U.S. Army will provide to the DoD the status of the Army military-exempt laser process (upon request by
the FDA).
17–11. Exempt laser and electromagnetic field emitters disposal, turn in, or resale
a. Once the DoD exemption is applied to a laser system, the working laser system will not be sold, loaned, or
donated outside of DoD unless the system is brought into full compliance with 21 CFR 1040 or exempted in the
foreign military sales contract.
b. Disposal of exempted lasers will be in accordance with DoDM 4160.21.
c. Do not dispose of potentially usable military-exempt lasers or laser parts. Utilization and specialized sales will
always precede demilitarization per DoDM 4160.21.
d. EMF radiation sources capable of creating hazardous levels will be labeled as such before being offered to the
Defense Disposition Services for disposal or resale. Furthermore, a memorandum will be prepared by the NRSO to
warn any new owner of the nonionizing radiation hazard that can be produced when the source is powered.
e. Disposal of COTS lasers and EMF systems will follow manufacturer recommendations if no recommendations
are given request guidance from the NRSO.

Chapter 18
Aviation Safety Program
18–1. Introduction
Aviation safety is a key component of protecting the force. This chapter provides responsibilities, policies, and duties
for integrating safety and RM into existing command processes and according to Army RM policy.
18–2. Commanders
Commanders and the CNGB will—
a. Integrate RM into all planning and operations with emphasis on the troop leading procedures/military decisionmaking process in order to effectively manage risk, minimizing the accidental loss of personnel and equipment.
b. Maintain current authorized full-time positions for qualified ASOs within the ARNG and at ACOMs, ASCCs,
DRUs, corps, installations or facilities that support aviation activities, and aviation unit levels (regiment/brigade/group, battalion/squadron, company/troop, detachments, and comparable activities). Commanders of aviation
units without an MTOE or TDA ASO position will appoint, in writing, an ASO or an appropriately trained operations
staff aviation officer to assume ASO responsibilities. At a minimum, the appointed aviation officer who is not ASOqualified must complete USACRC USO and the Aviation Risk Management Course within 60 days of assuming ASO
duties.
c. Appoint, in writing, an ASO to manage the aviation safety program and oversee command support programs.
(1) Rate ASOs at regiment/brigade/group level and below.
(2) Ensure that ASOs are not assigned duties that are not related to the safety component of protecting the force.
(3) Appoint a safety-trained NCO, officer, or DA Civilian, in writing, to assist the ASO.
d. For aviation units and aviation support facilities, incorporate safety meetings into the overall training plan for
the unit. The frequency of aviation safety meetings is at the discretion of the commander.
18–3. Operations officers
Operations officers will—
a. Ensure that all aviators are issued appropriate, current publications for pilotage or navigation purposes.
b. Ensure that pilots are properly briefed on each mission prior to the planning phase of the mission and monitor
aviation safety during mission planning through execution. (A deliberate risk assessment is conducted for each mission.)
c. Monitor each pilot-in-command mission debrief upon completion of the mission and immediately pass potential
regulatory violations, near miss incidents, and hazards to the ASO for investigation and/or reporting.
d. Ensure that a detailed flight hazard map covering the entire unit operational area is posted and current.
e. Monitor the fighter management program and provide feedback as necessary to meet mission requirements.
f. Manage the unit reading file, implementing a system that ensures new information is reviewed by crewmembers.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

124

g. Develop, administer, review, rehearse, and document the pre-mishap plan with the technical assistance of the
unit ASO.
18–4. Aviation safety officer
ASOs will—
a. As their primary duty, advise and assist the commander and staff on all safety matters, including developing
safety policy.
(1) Develop safety goals, objectives, and priorities and integrate them into appropriate training guidance based
upon identification of the most probable and severe types of mishaps expected and the most likely reasons (hazards)
for these mishaps.
(2) Develop corrective actions/control options for command selection.
(a) Assist hazard analysis, prioritizing hazards in terms of mishap severity and probability, and promptly advising
the appropriate officials.
(b) Advise the commander when a below-standard status that affects safety is detected in any functional area.
(3) Advise and assist in developing the commander’s training assessment based upon a safety assessment of unit
functional areas and programs administered or monitored by the ASO.
(4) Assist the commander and staff in assessing the unit’s RM effectiveness and safety performance after operations by:
(a) Collecting information about RM successes, shortcomings, and needed improvements from each staff section.
(b) Assisting the commander in determining if the performance met the commander’s guidance (goals, objectives,
and priorities).
(c) Assisting staff officers in implementing corrective actions/controls selected by the commander to improve performance.
b. Monitor safety-related programs, including:
(1) Observe flight and ground operations to detect and correct unsafe practices.
(2) Monitor the ability of each unit functional area to protect the force against aviation mishaps.
(3) Review aircraft mishap reports and help to implement corrective measures.
(4) Monitor the adequacy of the unit pre-mishap plan and the documentation of rehearsals. The degree of response
by elements in the pre-mishap plan may be varied; however, conduct an exercise requiring all elements to physically
respond at least annually.
(5) Conduct required inspections of the physical condition of airfields, heliports, helipads, and tactical landing sites
for hazards; when deficiencies are noted, recommend abatements and ensure publication of all known hazards.
(6) Ensure safety promotion by using mishap prevention tools and other appropriate safety literature.
(7) Review aviator flight records and recommend corrections to any deficiencies noted.
(8) Monitor techniques and proficiency of personnel in handling weapons; AE; petroleum, oil, and lubricants;
chemicals; hazardous and toxic materials; and lasers.
(9) Observe aviation maintenance operations, making recommendations to correct unsafe procedures and practices,
and monitoring the Safety of Flight Program.
(10) Monitor the FOD prevention program.
(11) Review results of workplace hazard inspections.
(12) Monitor unit aviation life support equipment (ALSE) and related survival training programs.
c. Manage safety-related programs, including but not limited to:
(1) DA Form 2696 (Operational Hazard Report).
(2) The unit’s safety award program in accordance with the unit administration officer.
(3) Ensure serviceability of the mishap investigation kit.
18–5. Aviation safety noncommissioned officer
The aviation safety NCO assists, advises, and makes recommendations to the ASO on aviation mishap prevention
matters. The aviation safety NCO will—
a. Maintain liaison with the command sergeant major, first sergeants, and other enlisted personnel on all aviation
safety matters.
b. Observe aircraft support activities (such as petroleum, oil, and lubricants; maintenance; operations; and enlisted
crewmembers’ training) and participate in unit safety surveys and inspections to detect and report unsafe practices or
procedures.
c. Perform other USO duties prescribed in paragraph 5 – 5.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

125

18–6. Aviation maintenance officer
The aviation maintenance officer will maintain all requirements and training in accordance with the applicable aviation
maintenance regulations, technical manuals, and bulletins. Further, the aviation maintenance officer will—
a. Continuously monitor QC through coordination with QC personnel, ensuring that QC personnel complete SF
368 (Product Quality Deficiency Report) according to established procedures (Army regulations, technical manuals,
field manuals, and so forth).
b. Ensure adequate training of maintenance personnel and ensure that a formal continuing education program is
available to provide maintenance personnel with current information on techniques, procedures, and modifications.
c. Provide maintenance personnel with lessons-to-be-learned from mishap summaries that cite maintenance as the
mishap cause factor.
d. Take part in aviation safety meetings to educate aviation crewmembers on the aviation maintenance aspects of
flight.
18–7. Flight surgeon
The flight surgeon assists and advises the command in all aviation medical matters. In remote areas where a flight
surgeon is not assigned or readily available, local support will be provided by the servicing medical department activity
to best accomplish these duties. The flight surgeon will—
a. Maintain liaison within the command to implement the aviation medicine program.
b. Take part in and observe flight operations to monitor the interactions of crewmembers, aircraft, and environment.
The flight surgeon exerts maximum effort in observing the flying ability and characteristics of each assigned aviator
at least annually.
c. Ensure that the medical portion of the pre-mishap plan is adequate.
d. Monitor the physical and mental health of aviation personnel, including alcohol, tobacco, dietary supplements,
and self-medication problems (see AR 40 – 8).
e. Advise the commander on crew endurance issues.
f. Monitor the survival and physiological training of aviation crewmembers and provide medical support in accordance with applicable Army regulations.
g. Medically clear crewmembers for further flight duty after aircraft mishaps in accordance with applicable Army
regulations.
h. Make recommendations to the Commander, USACRC for improvement of human factors compatibility, crashworthiness, ALSE, and survival features of aircraft.
i. Take part in aviation safety meetings to educate aviation crewmembers on the aeromedical aspects of flight.
j. Monitor the ALSE Program.
k. Assist in and advise on the hearing and occupational vision program.
l. Ensure command consideration of preventive and occupational medicine aspects of all plans, operations, training,
and security missions.
18–8. Unit instructor pilot or standardization officer
The unit instructor pilot or flight standardization officer will administer the aviator standardization training program
for the commander according to Army policy and procedures and stress that sound safety principles are adhered to
during all operations.
18–9. Aviation life support equipment officer/noncommissioned officer/technician
The ALSE officer/NCO/technician will—
a. Develop and implement a unit aviation life support systems program that ensures aircrews are provided with
adequate aviation life support systems (as prescribed by AR 95 – 1).
b. Ensure the serviceability of all ALSE.
c. Advise and assist with the training of the aircrew members on individual and aircraft ALSE.

Chapter 19
Life-Cycle System Safety
19–1. Introduction
This chapter prescribes policies, responsibilities, and management functions to ensure hazards in Army systems and
facilities are identified and the risks associated with these hazards are properly managed throughout the system’s or

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

126

facility’s lifecycle. It applies to all Army materiel systems, facilities, and equipment, including NDIs and COTS items,
rapid equipping and rapid fielding initiatives, and applies during all phases of the lifecycle of systems, facilities, and
equipment. These concepts apply to all levels of procurement and acquisition programs down to and including the
user level.
a. This chapter identifies policy and responsibilities to:
(1) Establish and manage system safety programs to minimize risks throughout the system or facility lifecycle.
(2) Conduct hazard identification, system safety, hazard tracking, and RM during all phases of the lifecycle.
b. The primary objective of system safety is to maximize operational readiness and mission effectiveness through
mishap prevention by ensuring that:
(1) Hazards and associated risks are identified and managed for each system throughout its lifecycle and all mission
variations.
(2) Hazards are eliminated through design or controlled to acceptable levels and risk associated with residual hazards is formally identified, accepted by the appropriate management decision level, and documented.
(3) Hazards associated with new technology or operations are identified for consideration in later applications.
c. See DA Pam 385 –16 for mandatory procedures for PEOs, PMs/project managers/product managers, capability
developers (CAPDEVs), MATDEVs, testers, independent evaluators, and system safety engineers to:
(1) Establish and manage system safety programs to minimize risks throughout the system lifecycle.
(2) Conduct hazard identification, system safety, hazard tracking procedures, and RM during all phases of the
lifecycle.
19–2. Precepts of life-cycle system safety
a. System safety will be applied early (for example, during materiel solution analysis) and tailored according to
MIL– STD– 882E for all Army systems and equipment, regardless of the acquisition process utilized throughout their
lifecycles.
b. Safety lessons learned will be a key consideration in selecting the best solution when analyzing alternatives.
c. Army systems and equipment with uncontrolled residual hazards will not be fielded, nor will Army facilities
with uncontrolled residual hazards be used, without executing the RM process.
d. Emphasis will be placed on eliminating hazards through system design. Training, administrative procedures,
and labels will be used only as a last option. (See order of precedence in MIL – STD– 882E and paragraph 6 –5.)
e. FASS engineering, management, and health analysis procedures will be used for the design, construction, operation, and disposition of military and civil works facilities. Army commanders/directors will designate FASS POCs
in the early stages of facility concept development to develop preliminary hazard information and analyses for incorporation into the requirements and/or funding documents (DD Form 1391 (FY __ Military Construction Project Data),
task orders, scope of work, and so forth) pursuant to mandatory procedures in DA Pam 385 – 16. FASS POCs will
complete USACE-recommended FASS training.
f. Army Acquisition Executive (AAE), PEOs, and PMs/product managers/project managers will integrate system
safety elements, tailored to meet the complexity of system and milestones of their systems, into their acquisition
programs as part of the overall system acquisition strategy. This will be done by developing a system safety management plan (SSMP) for all systems (or for a family of systems), that includes:
(1) Establishing Army management objectives and responsibilities for executing the system safety program.
(2) Defining system-specific methods for determining the severity and probability of identified hazards.
(3) Describing the safety resources for the program, to include the qualifications of the associated safety personnel.
(4) Chartering the System Safety Working Group composed of representatives from users, developers, testers, DA,
and other stakeholders which will be maintained throughout the system lifecycle.
(5) Establishing a hazard tracking system to provide a total life-cycle record of hazards associated with the system.
(6) Defining an SSRA process to formally document the acceptance of all risks as specified in the SSMP. The PM
is required to staff the SSRA through PM/ASA (ALT) for acceptance of risk(s) specified in the SSRA when applicable.
(7) Obtaining a safety release from ATEC/AEC when required as specified in paragraph 2– 22.
(8) Obtaining a safety confirmation from ATEC/AEC when required as specified in paragraph 2 – 22.
(9) Documenting milestones and preparing a programmatic environmental, safety, and health evaluation or safety
and health data sheet to support the MDRs.
(10) Providing safety support for fielded items, safety evaluation of system modifications, and procurements to
make certain hazards are not introduced into the system.
(11) Notifying users of system hazards and countermeasures via the AESMNS and safety of flight message system
for hazards identified in fielded system. This provision does not apply to AE that is covered by AR 75 – 1.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

127

(12) Updating the SSMP at each MDR and throughout the lifecycle as requested by the PM or LCMC Safety
Office.
(13) Identifying the supporting safety office through the PM and, when appropriate, establishing a memorandum
of agreement. The supporting safety office will be independent of the PM/PEO chain of command.
(14) Establishing a System Safety Working Group. The working group is chartered by the PM, product manager,
or project manager to provide program management with system safety expertise and to ensure communication among
all participants. The working group will be a formally chartered group of persons representing organizations associated
with the system acquisition program, organized to assist the managing activity system PM in achieving the system
safety objectives. The charter will define requirements, responsibilities, and memberships.
g. Hazards discovered in fielded systems, facilities, and materiel will be assessed (to include software and data
contribution) and communicated to the user in a timely manner. Hazards will be eliminated, controlled, or accepted
through the RM process and the Army Safety Action Team, as appropriate, pursuant to mandatory procedures in DA
Pam 385 – 16. Health hazards will be assessed using the SOHA in accordance with AR 40 – 10 and will be coordinated
with DCPH– A through OTSG/MEDCOM. Hazards and controls will be assessed and RACs determined by the supporting safety office through an SSRA.
h. Perform acceptance of Army system and equipment safety risks at a level of management authority and user
concurrence as required per DoDI 5000.02T and as follows:
(1) The determination of hazard risk will be in accordance with MIL – STD– 882E and table III of MIL – STD– 882E
will be used as the standard Army matrix.
(2) The following risk acceptance levels will be used for all programs: the AAE for high risks, PEO-level for
serious risks, and the PM for medium and low risks.
(3) If a program or PEO develops an alternate risk authority matrix, it will be reviewed by the servicing LCMC
Safety Office and AMC Safety Office and their positions included in the package submitted for approval to the AAE.
The recommended matrix will be submitted for approval to the affected level of authority. The risk acceptance hierarchy will be published and updated as required in the appropriate SSMP.
(4) In the event of a conflict regarding the risk level associated with a potential hazard, the PM determines the risk
acceptance authority based on the highest level of risk proposed by any of the SSRA signatories as described in DA
Pam 385 –16 (PEO/PM, TRADOC, or LCMC Safety Office). User concurrence, typically within the TRADOC capability manager’s chain of command, will be at the same rank as the risk acceptance authority or higher.
(5) An SSRA will be used to document risk acceptance of residual hazards by the appropriate risk acceptance
authority. SSRA’s for risk acceptance at the serious level or above will have a concurring signature from a user’s
representative or from the gaining command at an equivalent level to the risk acceptance authority. This final signed
SSRAs will be stored in a database.
i. Army commanders and managers will ensure risk reduction by applying the following approaches, in order of
priority:
(1) Eliminate hazards through design selection.
(2) Design changes that reduce the severity and/or the probability of the mishap potential caused by the hazard(s).
(3) Incorporate engineered features or devices.
(4) Provide warning devices, training, procedures, cautions, warnings, and/or inspections.
j. Assess and track system hazards and mitigate risks associated with government-furnished equipment, NDI, and
COTS, to include inherent hazards, hazards associated with system integration and interfaces with other system components, hazards associated with differences between intended use and conditions with commercial use and conditions,
and hazards caused by limitations on life-cycle operational sustainment and maintenance as follows:
(1) Risks associated with NDI and COTS systems that comply with applicable industry consensus design standards
may be closed out as “meeting or exceeding consensus design standards,” without requiring acceptance in an SSRA,
provided that the Army’s intended use and conditions of the system are the same as the intended use and conditions
for the applicable industry consensus design standard.
(2) Hazards associated with government-furnished equipment need to consider ESOH and HSI risks associated
with the interface to the new system and any operating environment changes.
k. When a hazard is identified that has potentially significant impact upon Army training or operations, the PM, in
conjunction with the cognizant materiel development agency, will immediately alert the Army Safety Action Team
chair pursuant to mandatory procedures in DA Pam 385 – 16.
l. The PM will ensure the LCMC Safety Office completes the certification of ordnance for HERO for all six phases
of the stockpile-to-safe separation sequence (S4) in the electromagnetic environment (EME) cited in MIL – STD– 464
(table IX). See paragraphs 17– 1, 17 – 2, 17– 4, 17 – 7, and 22 – 12 for HERO, HERP, and HERF requirements. The
MATDEV’s LCMC/major subordinate command safety office will serve as the certification official and prepare the

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

128

HERO certification letter and HERO data package based on test center/facility evaluation, analysis, and/or other data
as needed.
m. The PM will ensure for Joint programs the review process of DoDI 5000.69 is applied. Utilize the Army Weapons System Safety Review Board to coordinate the Joint process for Army-led programs and represent the U.S. Army
in Joint weapon system reviews.
n. The PM will integrate software system safety in system safety engineering (SSE), software development, and
verification processes pursuant to MIL – STD 882E for safety-significant software.
o. PMs will support system-related mishap investigations by providing analyses of hazards that contributed to the
mishap and recommendations for materiel risk mitigation measures, especially those that minimize human errors.
p. The PM integrates system safety and health hazards into the Army’s HSI program, which focuses on integrating
human considerations into the system acquisition process to enhance Soldier system design, reduce life-cycle costs,
and optimize total system performance.
q. When planning for the use of advanced manufacturing, the appropriate hazard analyses will be performed to
identify hazards, assess risk, and develop needed controls to effectively manage trade-offs between manufacturing
techniques, readiness and performance, and potential impacts to safety. RM will be applied holistically over the entire
lifecycle for the system component(s) under consideration for advanced manufacturing to include HSI, manufacture
process, raw materials used, and operations and maintenance environment. When designing and producing components utilizing advanced manufacturing, the application of SSE and management practices will be implemented (see
DA Pam 385 – 16).
r. For systems with potential catastrophic or critical hazards utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) software:
(1) The CAPDEV/PM/materiel acquirer (MA) will implement system safety principles and practices to manage
risks with AI systems throughout their life-cycle. Verification (end-to-end traceability and evidence) of safety will be
demonstrated.
(2) Software safety engineers will ensure the AI and machine learning activity tasks are analyzed during nominal
and off nominal conditions, to identify their potential contribution to mishap occurrence for the system under analysis
and the overall system, and document hazards in the appropriate hazard analysis. Software safety engineers will coordinate with cybersecurity SMEs to ensure synchronization of efforts.
(3) The CAPDEV/PM/MA will ensure that the integrity and quality of the source data set(s) and data transfer
method(s) is considered during the risk assessment process.
(4) Machine learning models that are able to provide an uncertainty metric during the deployment to assess the
confidence of the model are preferred where it is possible.
19–3. Program-level responsibilities
a. PEOs/PMs will maximize operational readiness and mission effectiveness through mishap prevention by ensuring:
(1) Hazards and associated risks are identified and managed for each system throughout its lifecycle and all mission
variations.
(2) Hazards are eliminated through design or controlled to acceptable levels and risk associated with residual hazards is formally identified, accepted by the appropriate management decision level, and documented.
(3) Hazards associated with new technology or operations are identified for consideration in later applications.
(4) Safety performance capabilities are established addressing hazards with similar legacy systems.
(5) Safe systems are sustained throughout the lifecycle.
(6) System safety programs are documented and implemented in accordance with DoD and Army requirements.
(7) The identification of safety concerns, inclusion of safety criteria, and coordination with the test community as
early in the development cycle as possible.
(8) Multi-domain operations, HSI, as well as effectiveness, survivability, and suitability are all considered in the
safety characterization of AI systems.
(9) Adequate characterization of the effective operational scope of AI systems in order to inform the development
of the system’s safety envelope.
b. The CAPDEV will—
(1) Establish safety performance capabilities addressing hazards with similar legacy systems.
(2) Integrate system safety into technology development prior to Milestone B.
(3) Ensure risk mitigation and acceptance decisions for developmental systems are coordinated with users and
CAPDEV system safety expertise.
(4) Ensure user’s perspectives on the acceptability of residual risk is incorporated into any modification.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

129

(5) Ensure AI/machine learning is risk assessed and risk managed to include all interfaces with other systems,
subsystems, and hardware. Data collection, exchange standards, and quality assurance methodology for use by
AI/machine learning systems must be developed and implemented.
c. The MATDEV of a system of systems (SoS) will have a tailored, overarching system safety program.
d. The host platform MATDEV will assume safety responsibility for the total system integration unless a memorandum of agreement states otherwise.
e. Testers will—
(1) Identify potential and real hazards.
(2) Verify the effectiveness of the correction imposed.
(3) Determine test event residual risk level.
(4) Ensure testing of AI systems includes assessment of the system’s safety characterization, safety envelope, reliability, accountability, maintainability, functionality, the ease to debug, the ability to update, operation fragility and
processing speed.
(5) Provide appropriate test methodologies to equip CAPDEV/PM/MA with tools needed to properly confirm
safety standards in AI systems.
(6) Consider adversarial testing (depending on the sensitivity of the use case) to assess robustness of the underlying
AI model.
(7) Ensure AI/machine learning training datasets reflect test datasets used and assess the management, controlling,
and transmitting of data in the current and deployed electronic environments.
f. Independent evaluators will—
(1) Provide an independent assessment for materiel acquisition decision process reviews.
(2) Receive from the PM copies of the appropriate documents for evaluation prior to the materiel acquisition decision process review date.
(3) Ensure mechanism for tracking and analyzing AI/machine learning software trouble reports, as well as hazards
enabled by AI/machine learning software, for trends; ensure there is a documented method for capturing and sharing
AI/machine learning lessons learned.
(4) Ensure a documented AI/machine learning trouble/problem recognition training program has been created for
use by AI/machine learning system users and maintainers and a quality assurance program for AI/machine learning
data collection, transfer, and storage has been implemented.
g. Commanders of LCMCs will—
(1) Maintain continuity and capability for SSE and management.
(2) Maintain system safety expertise for support to the PM throughout the lifecycle.
(3) Assist the PM in ensuring all hazards are managed and laws/regulatory requirements are met throughout the
lifecycle.
(4) Ensure materiel release SOH requirements are completed per AR 770 – 2 and this regulation.

Chapter 20
Infectious Agents and Toxins
20–1. Introduction
a. This chapter establishes DA safety policies for the use, handling, transportation, transfer, storage, and disposal
of IAT rated at BSL – 2/ABSL – 2/ACL – 2 and above including, but not limited to, microbiological activities in permanent or temporary clinical laboratories, biomedical and biological research settings, large-scale production facilities,
microbiology teaching laboratories, and veterinary reference laboratories. (Throughout this regulation, the term “BSL”
is understood to include the corresponding ABSL and ACL.) These policies apply to all U.S. Army activities and
facilities in which IAT are used, produced, stored, handled, transported, transferred, or disposed, to include the ARNG
and the USAR and consultants conducting microbiological and biomedical activities for the U.S. Army. These policies
apply to Army contractor personnel and contractor operations only as specified in specific contract provisions, with
exception of the following:
(1) Clinical laboratories that import IAT into the United States in accordance with 42 CFR 71.54, and
(2) Field sites that collect biological samples from processing.
b. Commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, and DRUs and the CNGB employing mobile laboratories will develop a
mobile laboratory biosafety program. At a minimum, the program will address applicable elements listed in paragraph
20 – 4.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

130

c. The requirements of DoDM 6055.18 apply to Army activities involving the use, handling, transportation, transfer, storage, and disposal of IAT rated at BSL – 2 and above used in microbiological activities in clinical laboratories,
biomedical and biological research settings, microbiology teaching laboratories, and veterinary reference laboratories.
d. Certain IAT have been determined by the Secretary of Health and Human Services and the U.S. Department of
Agriculture to have the potential to pose a severe threat to public health and safety. These BSAT are listed in 42 CFR
73.3, 9 CFR 121.3, and 7 CFR 331.3 and require special considerations, including permits, designation of a responsible
official, inventory, security, incident repose, transfer, inspections, reporting, and training. Note that animals and arthropods containing select agents (but not toxins per CDC Division of Select Agents and Toxins and Animal and Plant
Health Inspection Service (APHIS) Agriculture Select Agent Services “Select Toxin Guidance” dated May 2017) are
considered select agents. The DoD Biological Select Agents and Toxins Biorisk Program Office (BBPO) manages
and oversees the DoD BSAT Program. BSAT activities will comply with AR 190 – 17, DoDI 5210.88, 42 CFR 73, 9
CFR 121, and 7 CFR 331.
20–2. General
a. The transport, storage, handling, use, and disposal of IAT will occur in a manner that will not adversely affect
the safety and health of employees, military personnel, visitors, the surrounding community, or the environment. The
overarching principle for safety in biological activities is to minimize the potential exposure of personnel and the
environment to IAT. Conduct biological activities using facilities, equipment, and procedures commensurate to the
level of risk of the activity or the BSL. The minimum number of appropriately qualified and trained personnel will be
engaged in the activity for the shortest period of time and with the minimum amount of material (consistent with
program objectives and safe operations).
b. Conduct all testing of protective equipment or detection devices employing IAT in appropriate BSL laboratories,
chambers, or other facilities. Conduct all testing using the least hazardous IAT consistent with mission objectives.
c. Field-testing (open air) is restricted to the use of IAT simulants, unless the Secretary of Defense determines that
testing is necessary for national security according to 50 USC 1512.
d. Security policy, responsibilities, standards, and procedures for safeguarding BSAT are contained in DoDI
5210.88.
(1) Prior to implementation of security standards and procedures a risk assessment will be conducted in accordance
with paragraph 20 – 5. Implementation of security standards and procedures that will increase the risks associated with
the use, handling, transportation, transfer, storage, or disposal of BSAT requires documentation of risk acceptance at
the level described in DA Pam 385 –30.
(2) Physical security plans of BSAT entities prescribed in DoDI 5210.88 will be synchronized with the entities’
safety program requirements and emergency plans.
(3) Security forces will meet training and OH requirements prescribed in DoDM 6055.18 (this is in addition to the
requirements of 42 CFR 73.15).
e. Contracts involving IAT will include the following requirements.
(1) Contractors must comply with the CDC BMBL and the NIH Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant
or Synthetic Nucleic Acid Molecules.
(2) Contractors will not distribute the material to other facilities or organizations.
(3) The contract will specify whether contractors are to inactivate and dispose of IAT materials or return IAT
materials to the DoD agency at the completion of the project.
(4) The contractor will allow the U.S. Government access to the contractor’s facilities, personnel, and safety program documentation. The contractor will correct all major deficiencies noted during safety compliance inspections
prior to beginning or continuing operations in accordance with the government’s instructions.
(5) If a mishap involving government-supplied IAT occurs, the contractor will notify the contracting officer immediately, conduct an investigation in accordance with other provisions of this contract or as required by the contracting officer, and submit a written report to the contracting officer.
(6) At the conclusion of the contract, the contractor will manage the final disposition of the IAT according to the
plan specified in the contract.
20–3. Biological safety programs
a. The CNGB and commanders of each ACOM, ASCC, DRU and major subordinate command that conducts IAT
activities will include an IAT SOH section in their written SOH program prescribing responsibilities and procedures
for managing the command biosafety program.
b. Commands, institutes, and centers conducting IAT activities will include an IAT SOH section in their written
SOH program prescribing responsibilities and procedures for managing their biosafety program.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

131

c. When another agency or military department is conducting biological activities as a tenant on an Army installation, that organization will coordinate its IAT SOH program with the senior commander.
20–4. Biosafety manuals
Commands, institutes, and centers conducting microbiological activities will develop and administer a written facility
biosafety manual that provides local responsibilities, requirements, and procedures for implementing applicable requirements of this regulation and those prescribed in DoDM 6055.18. Biosafety manuals will address, as applicable:
a. Program policies and responsibilities.
b. Safety committee.
c. Requirements and procedures for risk assessments and selection of appropriate BSL.
d. Requirements and procedures for SOPs.
e. OH requirements and procedures.
f. Facility design and commissioning.
g. Access control.
h. Engineering controls/safety equipment (selection, use, training, testing, and maintenance).
i. Biosafety practices.
j. PPE (selection, use, training, testing, and maintenance).
k. Labeling and posting of hazards.
l. Chemical hygiene plan.
m. Personnel qualifications and training.
n. Safety information.
o. Inspections.
p. Facility, utilities, and equipment continuing maintenance plan.
q. Pest management.
r. Transportation and transfer of IAT.
s. Decontamination and disposal of IAT.
t. Emergency planning and response.
u. Mishap investigation and reporting.
v. Select agent registration.
w. Recombinant and synthetic nucleic acid molecules.
x. Radiation safety.
y. Biosafety, occupational safety, and animal care in animal research and veterinary diagnostics environments.
z. Contract activities.
20–5. Mishap risk management
a. A risk assessment will be completed and documented for every operation involving IAT. The risks associated
with biological activities will be assessed and controls prescribed (personnel training and qualification, procedures,
containment equipment, and facility design) to contain IAT and to protect workers, support personnel, the environment, and laboratory products. The principal investigator or immediate supervisor (whoever has the best understanding of the activities and risks) is responsible for conducting the risk assessment in close coordination with SOH personnel and other SMEs (for example, environmental, emergency response, security, facilities, and maintenance) and/or
the facility safety committee to ensure compliance with applicable guidelines and regulations.
b. SOPs are required for every biological operation using IAT. The SOPs will be based on the activity’s risk assessment and developed in accordance with mandatory procedures in DA Pam 385 – 10 and DoDM 6055.18. SOPs
will be readily available at the work location and designated personnel will maintain a copy of SOPs in a centralized
location.
c. Workers and support personnel who have been granted access to laboratories during IAT operations will have
their health risk assessment reviewed in conjunction with OH examinations or screenings.
20–6. Recombinant or synthetic nucleic acid molecules
a. When work with recombinant or synthetic nucleic acid molecules is undertaken, an Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC) is established to review recombinant or synthetic nucleic acid molecules activities and protocols. The
IBC functions as stated in the NIH Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant or Synthetic Nucleic Acid Molecules.
b. Activities funded by NIH involving recombinant or synthetic nucleic acid molecules will comply with all requirements of the NIH Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant or Synthetic Nucleic Acid Molecules and are

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

132

subject to IBC approval. Facilities conducting work with recombinant or synthetic nucleic acid molecules that are not
funded by the NIH should adopt these guidelines as best practices.
20–7. Biosafety officer
a. Facilities conducting IAT research and all facilities that store select agents and toxins as defined in 7 CFR 331,
9 CFR 121, and 42 CFR 73 will designate an individual as the biosafety officer (BSO). Other IAT activities (for
example, clinical laboratories) will have access to a BSO, such as on a regional support basis. BSOs will be trained
and qualified pursuant to mandatory procedures prescribed in DoDM 6055.18.
b. BSOs will serve as a facility/activity’s biosafety SME and will provide/support risk assessments, RM, biosafety
controls, biological safety program management, SOPs, biosafety training, inspections, mishap notification, investigation and reporting, and emergency planning and response.
20–8. Biosafety program manager
Commands without a BSO on staff that oversee subordinate activities who use, handle, transport, transfer, store, and
dispose of IAT, will appoint, on orders, a biosafety program manager (BSPM).
a. BSPMs will—
(1) Conduct oversight of the subordinate activity biosafety program and compliance with this regulation, including
training and inspections.
(2) Serve as intermediary between the subordinate activity and higher headquarters’ BSPMs and/or Department of
the Army Biological Safety and Health Council (DABSHC).
b. BSPMs will meet all of the following specialized training requirements:
(1) Three-, four-, or five-day Service-approved biosafety course.
(2) DoD biosafety course.
(3) Training in SOH policy, standards, and RM.
20–9. Unit biological safety officer
Activities will assess the need for a qualified unit biological safety officers (UBSOs) to be designated for each laboratory room or suite in research or production facilities or per clinical department for healthcare diagnostic laboratories.
a. UBSOs possess advanced training in microbiological safety and will provide support in risk assessments, RM,
biosafety controls, biological safety program management, SOPs, biosafety training, inspections, mishap notification,
investigation and reporting, and emergency planning and response.
b. UBSOs, in addition to specific safety training required for them to be qualified as an UBSO and knowledgeable
of general safety and health matters relevant to their lab, will complete training specified in paragraph 20–17c.
20–10. Biological mishap notification, investigation, and reporting
a. Biological mishap notification, investigation, and reporting will be in accordance with mandatory procedures in
DA Pam 385 – 40, requirements prescribed in paragraph 20–12 of this regulation, DoDM 6055.18, 7 CFR 331, 9 CFR
121, 42 CFR 73, AR 190 – 45, DoDI 5210.88, and applicable federal, state, and local requirements. Commanders will
establish procedures to ensure notification, investigation, and reporting of a biological mishap is accomplished in
accordance with these requirements as well as applicable state and local requirements. All biological mishaps will be
investigated for the purpose of mishap prevention.
b. The term “biological mishap” is defined in the glossary.
c. All biological mishap investigation reports will be shared with the ODASAF in order to disseminate lessons
learned to other Army organizations via the DABSHC.
d. Any incidents involving an IAT that requires an SIR, mishap report (see para 20 – 12), or may generate media
attention will be reported to the ODASAF, coordinated with installation/activity safety, and medical and biosafety
professionals as applicable, for concurrence on causal factors and corrective actions, and a copy provided to higher
headquarters safety officials, including ODASAF ([email protected]),
for awareness and trend analysis.
20–11. Presumptive biological select agent and toxins samples
a. The BBPO EARO and DASAF will be notified whenever a sample collected for human protection or environmental surveillance is determined to be presumptive BSAT.
b. The BBPO EARO will be notified of the disposition of the presumptive BSAT sample.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

133

20–12. Class G biological mishap notification and reporting procedures
Biological mishaps are classified as an Army class G mishap (see para 3– 7 for information on mishap classification).
Notification and reporting will be as follows.
a. Biological select agents and toxins. (Including clinical, diagnostic, or proficiency test specimens of BSAT.)
(1) In accordance with 7 CFR 331, 9 CFR 121, 42 CFR 73, and DoDM 6055.18, upon discovery of a release of a
BSAT causing potential exposure or release of a BSAT outside of the primary containment barriers (for example,
biological safety cabinet, trunnion centrifuge cups, and aerosol-containing blenders) of the biocontainment area (including clinical or diagnostic laboratories and other entities that possess, use, or transfer BSAT contained in a specimen presented for diagnosis, verification, or proficiency testing), an individual or entity must immediately notify the
CDC or APHIS and the DoD BBPO. The following information will be provided:
(a) The name of the BSAT and any identifying information (for example, strain or other characterizing information).
(b) An estimate of the quantity released.
(c) The date, time, and duration of release.
(d) The environment into which the release occurred (for example, in building or outside of building, waste system,
and so forth).
(e) The location (installation/activity, building, room) from which the release occurred or where the exposure occurred.
(f) The number of individuals potentially exposed at the entity.
(g) Brief description of what happened (for example, spill, needle stick).
(h) Actions taken to respond to the release.
(i) Hazards posed by the release.
(2) The entity should notify the appropriate local and state health agencies.
(3) A category 1 SIR is reported in accordance with AR 190 – 45.
(4) A completed APHIS/CDC Form 3 (Report of a Release/Loss/Theft of a Select Agent or Toxin) is submitted to
the CDC or APHIS and BBPO within 7 calendar days. Within 24 hours of submitting APHIS/CDC Form 3 to the
CDC or APHIS and BBPO, forward a copy directly to ODASAF ([email protected]), submit a copy through the chain of command for the applicable ACOM/ASCC/DRU safety director
and, if the facility is a tenant on an installation, provide a copy to the garrison commander.
(5) Completed APHIS/CDC Form 3 is submitted to the CDC or APHIS and BBPO within 7 calendar days, with a
copy forwarded through the first general officer in the chain of command to ODASAF.
(6) A closeout report is submitted to ODASAF and BBPO with copy furnished through normal command channels
after the mishap investigation is complete.
b. Non-biological select agents and toxins. (IAT not characterized as BSAT.)
(1) Upon discovery of a release of a non-BSAT causing potential exposure or release of a non-BSAT outside of a
primary containment barrier of the biocontainment area, an individual or entity must immediately notify the activity
safety office, and medical and BSOs if applicable. Reports will include the information listed in para 20–12a(1),
substituting the name of the IAT for the name of the BSAT in para 20–12a(1)(a). Within 24 hours, reports will be
provided directly to ODASAF ([email protected]), submitted through
the chain of command for the applicable ACOM/ASCC/DRU safety director, and, if the facility is a tenant on an
installation, provided to the garrison commander. The entity should notify the appropriate local and state health agencies.
(2) A closeout report is submitted to ODASAF with copy furnished through normal command channels after the
mishap investigation is complete.
c. Mishaps. Class A through E mishaps, as defined in paragraph 3 –7, occurring during biological activities will
be reported in accordance with chapter 3 requirements.
20–13. Monitoring and Inspections
a. Laboratory directors will designate individuals to conduct monitoring and inspections as follows:
(1) The laboratory supervisor is responsible for monitoring safety program requirements, inspections, and the
maintenance of required laboratory safety controls and equipment.
(2) The laboratory supervisor will ensure that room and building malfunctions, laboratory safety controls, or equipment or shortages in required equipment and supplies are reported to the appropriate maintenance and supply personnel. The laboratory supervisor will ensure that the laboratory room and/or safety controls and equipment are labeled
to warn of the malfunction and indicate that it should not be used until repaired and, as applicable, tested.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

134

b. Before performing operations with IAT, operators will survey the work area. Operators will have a means to
correct the deficiencies found or to report any unsafe conditions and have them corrected prior to beginning operations.
c. The laboratory supervisor or a designated qualified (per para 20–17h) individual will conduct and document
monthly laboratory inspections.
d. The safety officer, BSO, or qualified SOH personnel designated by the commander/director will inspect BSL – 2
and toxin laboratories at least semiannually and BSL – 3 and BSL– 4 laboratories and those in which dry forms of toxins
are handled at least quarterly.
(1) The competent medical authority (CMA) will participate in inspections at least annually to identify potential
workplace hazards and determine if revision of exposure prevention strategies is indicated.
(2) These documented inspections may be unannounced and will include coverage of general safety practices as
well as requirements applicable to the laboratory’s BSL.
(3) One of the semiannual or quarterly inspections can be an SASOHI.
e. A qualified industrial hygienist (GS – 0690 job series) will conduct an industrial hygiene survey of research microbiology laboratories annually. Surveys will identify and document chemical, physical, biological, and ergonomic
hazards. Industrial hygienists will evaluate and assign an RAC to each hazard and recommend appropriate hazard
control (see DA Pam 40 –503). Each visit will be documented and the work site supervisor is provided a written report.
At a minimum, these evaluations will include HAZMAT identification, type of engineering controls needed (if applicable), type of PPE required, and posting of appropriate signs needed (such as noise hazardous area or eye protection
required). Make appropriate entries in DOEHRS–Industrial Hygiene.
f. Deficiencies or procedures that create a potentially life-threatening situation will be immediately referred to supervisory personnel, the safety office, the commander or institute director, and, if the facility is a tenant on an installation, the garrison commander. The operation will be stopped and corrective actions will be immediately implemented. Any residual risks will be accepted at the appropriate level in accordance with command risk acceptance
policy.
g. Reports of deficiencies for other than life-threatening situations will be made as soon as possible to the appropriate supervisor with copies furnished to the safety office. If a problem is widespread, notify all affected personnel.
h. Inspection findings and observations should be captured and tracked through closure of corrective actions.
20–14. Reviewing biological facilities
a. For new construction or major modifications of government biological facilities, the BSO and SOH professionals at the facility and/or higher headquarters will review facility design safety controls for compliance using mandatory
procedures prescribed in DoDM 6055.18 and provide comments to the appropriate design review or contracting
agency (for example, Health Facilities Planning Agency). USACE is the designer and construction agent for Army
biological facilities and will ensure the user representative’s biosafety and SOH professionals are provided designs
for technical review at the 35 percent design phase.
b. Prior to initial use, containment (BSL – 3) and maximum containment (BSL– 4) laboratories will be validated for
safe operation through a commissioning survey. The organization conducting the commissioning survey may be inhouse or contracted, but will be reviewed and endorsed by the DABSHC and the DoD BBPO for BSAT laboratories
(DoDM 6055.18 prescribes mandatory commissioning survey criteria). Commissioning surveys are in addition to
preoperational surveys (see para 20 –15).
20–15. Facility preoperational surveys
a. Prior to starting operations at new BSL – 2 facilities, a preoperational survey will be completed and approved by
commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, and DRUs and the CNGB. The CNGB or parent ACOM, ASCC, or DRU will lead
the preoperational survey. Preoperational survey teams will be composed of safety, industrial hygiene, and laboratory
operations SMEs. This responsibility may be delegated to a major subordinate command. Surveys of clinical BSL –2
operations will be synchronized with the laboratory coming online and conducted in a manner to ensure no disruptions
in-patient care.
b. Prior to starting operations at new biological BSL – 3 and BSL – 4 facilities or BSL – 3 and BSL – 4 facilities that
have undergone major modification (defined as a modification affecting one or more commissioning certification
criteria as prescribed in DoDM 6055.18), a preoperational survey will be completed and approved by the ODASAF.
Preoperational survey teams will be led by a representative of ODASAF and composed of an industrial hygienist, an
occupational medicine SME, and a safety and laboratory operations SME. The ODASAF is consulted if uncertain
whether a modification requires a preoperational survey. Depending on the scale and complexity of the modification,
the ODASAF may delegate the survey to the CNGB or ACOM, ASCC, DRU, or major subordinate command commander.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

135

c. The preoperational survey will be conducted to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of the facility’s
biosafety control measures and compliance with this regulation, DoDM 6055.18, and mandatory procedures in DA
Pam 385 – 61 to include simulation of selected operational and emergency response operations.
d. Inspection findings and observations should be captured and tracked through closure of corrective actions.
20–16. Biological program safety studies and reviews
Safety studies and reviews are conducted to assess the safety of biomedical and microbiological activities and the
effectiveness of biosafety and OH controls. HQDA principal officials; commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, and DRUs;
and the CNGB may recommend a special study or review and will coordinate recommendations with the Office of the
Director of Army Safety (DACS – SF), 2530 Crystal Drive, Suite 3058, Arlington, VA 22202. Special studies and
reviews may be used to:
a. Identify and assess conditions or practices that may affect biosafety program management or controls.
b. Analyze major microbiological/biomedical system modifications or innovations (including design and physical
configuration changes) for impact on safety and health.
c. Assess the impact of significant changes to SOH standards or program requirements with a potential to affect
biological operations.
20–17. Personnel qualifications and training
a. All personnel who work directly with or who otherwise have a potential for occupational exposure to IAT will
receive training in IAT hazards and controls.
b. BSOs will meet one of the following degree, credential, or experience requirements:
(1) Degree and experience. Graduation from an accredited college or university with a baccalaureate degree in a
physical or biological sciences discipline (may substitute 96 months of directly-related biosafety experience for a
bachelor’s degree; experience counted towards degree requirement cannot be applied to requirement for professional
biological safety experience). Some microbiology courses are required such as general microbiology, epidemiology,
and pathogenic microbiology. In addition, 5 years or more professional biological safety experience is required. A
Master’s degree in relevant discipline counts for 2 years towards the 5-year requirement. An earned Doctoral degree
in relevant field counts for 3 years towards the 5-year requirement.
(2) Credentials. Recognized professional credentials such as the Certified Biological Safety Professional or Registered Biosafety Professional will be accepted for both the education and experience requirements.
(3) Experience. Individuals not meeting the requirements of paragraph 20–17b(1) or 20–17b(2) but who possess
extraordinary biosafety experience may request consideration/approval from the DABSHC based on training and experience.
c. BSOs will meet all of the following specialized training requirements:
(1) Three-, four-, or five-day Service-approved biosafety course.
(2) DoD biosafety course.
(3) Training in Service-specific safety policy and standards and RM.
d. UBSOs will meet the following requirements:
(1) Bachelor’s degree with background in science.
(2) One year of laboratory experience at equivalent BSL.
(3) Three-, four-, or five-day Service-approved biosafety course.
(4) DoD biosafety course.
(5) Training in Service-specific safety policy and standards and RM.
e. Supervisors are responsible for understanding IAT operations and Army safety policy and standards for microbiological and biomedical activities.
f. Supervisors are responsible for ensuring that employees have received the training to enable them to safely execute the operation and ensuring safety equipment and controls are available, safe, functioning, inspected, tested, and
maintained.
g. Supervisors are responsible for ensuring that personnel entering a clinical or biomedical research laboratory
meet applicable local requirements for access control, medical, and SOH training.
h. Prior to performing assigned duties, personnel working with IAT will be aware of the associated hazards, will
receive training that adequately prepares them for their assigned duties, and will be proficient in microbiological
practices and procedures. Training will be developed in coordination with the safety office and will be documented to
include the date of the training session, the contents or a summary of the training, and employee’s name. Training will
include:
(1) RM principles and techniques.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

136

(2) Concept and definition of BSLs.
(3) Modes of transmission, infectivity, time delay to onset of signs and symptoms, and the potential acute and
chronic health effects and signs/symptoms associated with the IAT to which workers are potentially exposed.
(4) Facility safety controls.
(5) Selection and use of safety equipment (for example, biological safety cabinets, glove boxes, laboratory chemical hoods).
(6) Laboratory practices and safety requirements, including all applicable SOPs and special practices and requirements.
(7) Blood borne pathogens (per 29 CFR 1910.1030), HAZCOM (per 29 CFR 1910.1200), and occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in laboratories (per 29 CFR 1910.1450).
(8) Selection and use of PPE (per 29 CFR 1910 Subpart I).
(9) Access control.
(10) Facility signage, labeling of containers, and safety communications.
(11) The purpose and description of the OH program, including specific medical surveillance and immunization
requirements associated with the IAT to which workers are potentially exposed.
(12) Hazardous biological waste handling, approaches to minimizing the volume of waste, decontamination, packaging, and disposal.
(13) Disinfection and sterilization.
(14) Emergency procedures.
(15) Reporting mishaps.
(16) Inspection requirements.
(17) Transportation (packaging and shipment) and transfer of IAT, when applicable.
i. In addition to academic training, all new employees working with IAT will complete a period of supervised
orientation in the facilities, as prescribed in the agency/facility biological safety program, by a scientist or technician
with specific training in the procedures and properties of the IAT in use. During the training period, new laboratory
personnel will be under the supervision of appropriately trained personnel.
j. Biosafety personnel working with BSAT will comply with 42 CFR 73.15 refresher training requirement.
20–18. Containment
a. Engineering controls equipment will be used in conjunction with personnel qualification, training, and safe work
practices and procedures to minimize potential exposure of personnel and the environment to IAT.
b. Engineering controls will be implemented to the maximum extent feasible and verified as effective. PPE can be
used in addition to primary barriers according to risk assessments and the operation being performed.
c. Biological protocols and SOPs will maximize use of engineering and administrative controls to preclude or
minimize the need for PPE.
d. The level and type of PPE required for biological activities will be based on the results of risk assessments and
the criteria prescribed in DoDM 6055.18. The selection and training for use of PPE will be executed pursuant to
mandatory procedures prescribed in DoDM 6055.18.
e. Before beginning any IAT operation, supervisors and/or operators will determine that the hazards associated
with the operation are under positive control (as defined in the applicable SOP) and that the operation complies with
the criteria prescribed in this regulation and DoDM 6055.18.
20–19. Maintenance controls
A continuing maintenance process will be documented and implemented for equipment and facilities. The continuing
maintenance process at a minimum will address requirements, responsibilities, and procedures for:
a. Identifying safety-critical equipment and utility system components.
b. Inspecting, testing, certifying, maintaining, and documenting safety-critical equipment and utility system operating components.
c. Investigating, reporting, and correcting equipment and utility system problems, failures, and user errors.
d. Ensuring maintenance personnel possess the necessary knowledge, skills, and qualifications to inspect, test,
certify, and maintain safety-critical equipment and utility systems.
e. Responding to safety-critical equipment and utility system failures or disruptions.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

137

20–20. Transporting infectious agents and toxins
a. Per DTR 4500.9 – R–Part II, all DoD personnel (military, civilians, and contractors) involved in the preparation
and shipment of IAT for the DoD transport receive general awareness, function specific, safety, and security training
per 49 CFR 172.704.
b. Individuals responsible for packaging the agents and certifying IAT manifests must additionally receive DoD
certification training per DTR 4500.9 – R–Part II and successfully complete the 40-hour Transport of Biomedical Material Course offered by DCPH– A. (The only alternative option is successful completion of a DoD 80-hour HAZMAT
course indicated in DTR 4500.9 – R–Part II. No other options are permissible for DoD shipments.)
c. Commanders or their designated representative must appoint all personnel who successfully complete the DoD
40-hour Transport of Biomedical Material Course in writing to certify IAT shipments. The appointment order must
state the scope of authority and expiration date for all certifying officials.
d. Security requirements for safeguarding BSAT during transportation and transfer are contained in DoDI 5210.88.
Personnel must also follow additional requirements as specified in 49 CFR Subtitle B Chapter I, 42 CFR 73, 7 CFR
331, and 9 CFR 121.
e. Transportation outside the United States is subject to additional and/or different international regulations and
HN requirements and may be forbidden without specific permit.
20–21. Inactivation of Bacillus anthracis
Inactivation of Bacillus anthracis will be in accordance with the revised Federal Select Agent Program policy statement, dated 14 August 2017, Subject: Revised FSAP Policy Statement: Inactivated Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus
cereus Biovar anthracis, and all applicable Federal Select Agent Program policy updates. The policy statement is
available at https://www.selectagents.gov/policystatement_bacillus.html.
20–22. Disposal controls
All cultures, stocks, and other potentially infectious materials are decontaminated before disposal using an effective
method (see DoDM 6055.18). Disposal planning will be conducted during the risk assessment process. Depending on
where the decontamination will be performed, the following methods should be used prior to transport:
a. Materials to be decontaminated outside of the immediate laboratory must be placed in a durable leak-proof
container and maintained in the laboratory or designated storage area until it is transported.
b. Materials to be removed from the facility for decontamination must be packed according to applicable local,
state, and federal regulations.
20–23. Biological warfare materiel and biological agent contaminated materiel response,
characterization, and remediation activities
a. BWM and BACM response, characterization, and remediation activities include:
(1) Emergency response to the discovery of known or suspected BWM or BACM.
(2) Characterization (sampling and investigations) of a facility or in an area that is suspected to have BWM or
BACM, including buildings in which biological agent were known or suspected to have been handled, used, stored,
or destroyed (for example, BSL – 2 or greater laboratories).
(3) Planned remediation activities in which BWM or BACM is anticipated, including construction, renovation,
upgrades, or demolition of buildings in which biological agent is encountered or were known or suspected to have
been handled, used, stored, or destroyed (for example, BSL –2 or greater laboratories).
b. The scope of BWM and BACM potentially encountered in a response, characterization, or remediation (RCR)
activity include the following:
(1) Biological munitions. Such munitions, which include projectiles, rockets, mines, and bombs, may have been
manufactured by the United States or foreign countries.
(2) Bulk BWM containers. Such containers include, but are not limited, to laboratory packs and other large containers.
(3) Miscellaneous containers (for example, laboratory bottles, vials, syringes) that based on location, may contain
biological agent.
(4) Munitions with unknown suspect biological fills.
c. The objectives of BWM and BACM RCR activities are the safe, timely, and effective removal of public and
environmental health and safety hazards posed by the materiel, in compliance with statutory and regulatory requirements and in coordination with EPA and state and local authorities. The cardinal principle—minimize exposure consistent with safe and efficient operations (for example, expose the minimum number of people for the minimum time

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

138

to the minimum amount of explosive, chemical, or biological agents)—will be observed during the BWM/BACM
responses.
d. Suspect and recovered BWM and BACM will have a risk assessment conducted and hazard controls will follow
the hierarchy explosives first, then biohazards will be considered and managed as a Risk Group 3 agent (pursuant to
DoDM 6055.18) until it has been fully characterized and a risk assessment conducted to determine the appropriate
risk group or assigned a different BSL by the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
(USAMRIID) or CBC.
(1) The 20th CBRNE Command will assess recovered suspect BWM and BACM to determine if the materiel is
explosively configured, if it is fuzed, the potential for biological or chemical agent, and whether the materiel is safe
for movement, storage, treatment, and disposal.
(2) For explosives and biological safety reasons, the positive identification of recovered suspect biological munitions is required before demilitarization, destruction, or disposal in order to assess and mitigate both explosives and
downwind biological hazards. Suspect biological munitions will be assessed by the Army’s Materiel Assessment Review Board using nondestructive testing (for example, x-ray).
(3) USAMRIID and CBC will, on a cost-reimbursable basis, characterize BWM and BACM. CBC has the capability to handle and characterize BWM and BACM with or without explosives and/or chemical agent as long as items
are deemed safe for transport by CBRNE Analytical and Remediation Activity.
(4) Storage of explosively configured items require a risk assessment, endorsed by USAMRIID and CBC, to determine the appropriate controls for potential explosives and biological hazards.
e. Some BWM and BACM sites may also contain munitions that may be determined upon evaluation by EOD or
similarly qualified personnel to be munitions and explosives of concern (MEC), hazardous toxic radiological wastes,
and/or industrial chemicals. At such sites, the hazard that poses the greatest immediate risk to workers or the public
will be addressed before, or in concert with, any hazard posing less risk, with any other hazards mitigated to the
greatest extent possible. In such instances, the following hierarchy will be followed in responding to the hazards from
such combinations: the explosives hazards will be mitigated first, followed by the chemical warfare materiel hazards,
followed by the radiological hazards, followed by the BWM and BACM hazard, and lastly the hazards from industrial
chemicals.
f. Any activity on a BWM or BACM RCR project will require the determination of risk to the public and to site
workers. Risks to human health and the environment as a result of an explosion or release of biological agent are the
primary factors in determining the effectiveness of RM decisions concerning BWM and BACM. A site-specific maximum credible event will be developed to form a basis to generate hazard zones. Hazard zones will be computed using
the maximum credible event and atmospheric dispersion modeling. Quantitative RACs will also be developed to assess
response, characterization, and remediation hazards (for example, dispersion of agent contaminated soil, explosive
hazards). Public risk information and controls will be addressed in safety planning documents.
g. All BWM/BACM emergency response activities or other planned activities in areas where BWM-related activities are known or suspected to have occurred may result in a number of conditions that would merit an immediate
onsite response to protect workers or the public from the effects of a biological agent release, exposure, or in many
cases explosive hazards. Installation or district commanders will ensure that emergency plans and procedures are
prepared to address each phase of a BWM or BACM response or other activities that could result in a release of
biological agent or exposure or explosive hazards.
h. Biological mishap or incident reporting procedures are as follows:
(1) Installation or USACE district commanders will report biological response, characterization, and remediation
incidents in accordance with SIR requirements in AR 190 – 45.
(2) Installation or USACE district commanders will report biological mishaps per procedures prescribed in paragraph 20–12.
i. A comprehensive public affairs effort is essential on all BWM and BACM RCR activities. For these activities,
an effective public affairs plan will be initiated at the earliest opportunity. All communications with the public and the
media regarding RCR activities will be coordinated and disseminated through appropriate public affairs channels.
j. Detailed requirements and procedures for BWM and BACM response, characterization, and remediation are
contained in DA Pamphlet 385 – 64.
20–24. Occupational health program
a. The Army OH Program consists of capabilities and activities necessary to identify, assess, and control disease
and injury risks to military and eligible civilian personnel from exposures to IAT encountered due to their occupation.
These exposures may occur in a clinical laboratory or in a biomedical research setting.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

139

b. The installation, institute, or activity’s SOH program will include a biological OH element meeting the requirements prescribed in DoDM 6055.18.

Chapter 21
Chemical Agent and Non-Traditional Agent Safety Management
21–1. Applicability
a. This chapter prescribes safety policy and procedures for the Army chemical agent and NTA safety program. The
requirements of this chapter are applicable to all operations involving Army chemical agent and NTA.
b. Army chemical agents refers to the following:
(1) Schedule 1 chemicals, as listed in the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), in Army possession. Schedule
1 chemicals are identified in the CWC Annex on Chemicals, Part B–Schedules of Chemicals. The CWC Annex provides the chemical composition of the group of toxic chemicals included in the “type” (V-type, G-type, and others).
(2) NTAs, as defined by the CWC, in Army possession. NTAs are chemical agents as defined by DoDI 5210.65.
(3) DoD munitions with chemical fill at chemical weapons storage facilities (also called chemical stockpile storage
facilities in DoDI 5210.65) and their associated Army chemical weapons destruction facilities as declared by the CWC.
c. This chapter applies to blister agents Levinstein mustard (H), distilled mustard (HD), mustard T-mixture (HT),
and Lewisite (L) and to nerve agents Tabun (GA), Sarin (GB), Soman (GD), Cyclosarin (GF), and O-ethyl S-(2–
Disopropylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothiolate (VX) (see glossary for definitions of these chemical agents) and
other experimental chemical agents exhibiting toxicity similar to nerve and blister agents.
d. This chapter does not apply to commercially available or produced chemicals or to the RCWM Program, including munitions and certain materials of interest.
e. See DA Pam 385 –61 for technical SOH requirements for management and control processes for operations
involving chemical agents and associated weapons systems.
(1) DA Pam 385– 61 is not mandatory for contingency or tactical military operations, but the chemical agent safety
principles and practices should be used as a guide.
(2) Operations involving dilute chemical agent will comply with general industry SOH practices. Each installation
or activity conducting RDT&E solution operations must have a program document that describes how these operations
will be conducted. (RDT&E dilute solutions refers to DoD chemical agents whose quantity and/or concentration are
at or below exemption levels as identified in AR 50 – 6.)
f. Waste associated with chemical agent environments and operations, including waste that is known or reasonably
suspected to present a chemical agent hazard, will be managed, stored, and shipped according to existing laws and
regulations. Waste will be transferred or released only to a facility with permits and licenses required for such waste.
21–2. Chemical agent operations
a. Army chemical agent operations will be executed in a safe, efficient, and effective manner that protects personnel involved in the chemical agent operations, the public, and the environment.
b. All aspects of the Chemical Demilitarization Program, including movement of munitions to the treatment facility
or system and operation of the treatment facility or system, will be based on public safety risk considerations instead
of maximum credible events or other traditional risk assessment procedures. The Chemical Demilitarization Program
uses risk assessment procedures governed by federal statute, recommended by the Board on Army Science and Technology, and accepted by the CDC.
c. Where there is conflict, this publication takes precedence over the guidance contained in previously issued policy
letters, technical manuals, field manuals, supply bulletins, technical bulletins, other DA pamphlets, and ACOMs,
ASCCs, and DRUs, USARC, and the CNGB regulatory documents. Restrictions imposed by local governing agencies
will be followed as required.
d. Activities that handle explosively configured Army chemical agents will develop an ESMP as a component of
the installation ESMP. See chapter 22 for ESMP requirements.
21–3. Chemical agent program management
Commands and activities that conduct operations with Army chemical agents will develop a chemical agent safety
program as part of their SOH program. The chemical agent safety program will consist of management and control
processes addressing the following key components, in accordance with mandatory procedures in DA Pam 385 – 61:
a. Chemical agent air monitoring.
b. Chemical agent engineering controls and facility engineering design.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

140

c. OH.
d. Specialized PPE for chemical agent use.
e. Specialized training for chemical agent operations and support personnel.
f. Special procedures for chemical agent emergency response and preparedness.
g. Chemical agent recordkeeping.
h. Chemical agent mishap notification, investigation, and reporting.
i. Chemical agent transportation.
j. Chemical agent unique decontamination.
k. Special techniques for chemical agent storage.
21–4. Army mishap class H chemical agent mishap
a. A chemical agent mishap is defined as an event in which the failure of facilities, equipment, or procedures may
feasibly allow the possible unintentional exposure of personnel or the work environment to Army chemical agents,
including dilute concentrations. Chemical agent mishap reporting and investigation will comply with the requirements
of current guidance messages and applicable federal, state, and local requirements. Commanders will establish internal
procedures to ensure initial notification, investigation, and reporting of a chemical agent mishap is accomplished per
these requirements. All chemical agent mishaps will be investigated for the purpose of mishap prevention.
b. Mishaps involving Army chemical agent will be reported and investigated in accordance with the requirements
of chapter 3 of this regulation, AR 190 – 45, AR 190– 59, mandatory procedures found in DA Pam 385 – 40 and DA
Pam 385 – 61, current guidance messages, and federal, state, and local requirements, as applicable.
c. Commanders and directors of chemical agent activities will—
(1) Establish internal procedures to ensure initial notification, investigation, and reporting of an Army chemical
agent mishap is accomplished per these requirements.
(2) Investigate all Army chemical agent mishaps for the purpose of mishap prevention, as appropriate for the severity and consequences of the mishap.
21–5. Evaluation of alternate personal protective clothing and equipment
a. Personal PPE that does not meet one of the following must be approved by the ODASAF, approval is required
prior to use with Army chemical agents (not NTA); refer to DA Pam 385 – 61 for approval process:
(1) Type-classified (for example, assigned a national stock number) with specific intent including non-battlefield
use.
(2) NATO-approved.
(3) NFPA/NIOSH certified for CBRN protection.
b. Using type-classified, NATO, or NFPA/NIOSH (CBRN) PCE in an operational setting (such as industrial, training, or homeland defense) that exceeds the conditions of type classification, NATO approval, or NFPA/NIOSH
(CBRN) certification must be approved by the ODASAF. For example, ODASAF approval would be required for
longer use duration, use with a chemical agent not previously tested, addition of components (for example, communication equipment attached to the mask), or use in scenarios different from those intended by the classification, approval, or certification.
c. Organizations requesting ODASAF approval of PCE in accordance with paragraphs 21–5a or 21–5b should
contact the ODASAF for submittal requirements. Requesting organizations, at a minimum, will copy furnish their
ACOM, ASCC, or DRU when submitting requests to the ODASAF. The ODASAF will task DACASC to evaluate
alternate PCE requests and provide a recommendation.
21–6. Training
Training must be provided so that managers, supervisors, employees, and contractors are knowledgeable of the Army
chemical agent hazards in the workplace, how to recognize hazardous conditions, signs and symptoms of Army chemical agent exposure, controls and safe work procedures, and emergency response. Mandatory training is described in
DA Pam 385 – 61 and applicable OSHA standards including, but not limited to, 29 CFR 1910.1200, 29 CFR 1910.120,
29 CFR 1910.119, and 29 CFR 1910.1450. Managers and supervisors must understand their safety and health responsibilities and how to carry them out effectively.
21–7. Chemical agent monitoring
a. Employers are required to limit employee workplace chemical exposures to nonhazardous levels and to protect
the public around their workplaces. To meet these requirements, air monitoring as specified in DA Pam 385 – 61 must
be conducted to determine the employee exposure level to individual hazardous chemicals. The factors in determining

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

141

airborne chemical exposure are type of contact, duration of contact, and chemical concentration. The purpose of an
air monitoring program is to confirm whether specific hazardous chemicals are present and to determine if the concentration presents a hazard.
b. Monitoring must be performed using instruments selected to measure the proper parameters for the specific
chemical encountered at its associated monitoring level. The instruments and methods used must be sufficiently sensitive to reliably measure threshold quantities at required levels. See mandatory procedures in DA Pam 385 –61 for
monitoring.
21–8. Inspections and preoperational surveys
Use of the Chemical/Biological Inspection and Survey Worksheet (see DA Pam 385 – 61) is recommended for capturing inspection findings and observations and tracking closure of corrective actions.
21–9. Non-traditional agent safety
a. Commanders, directors, and PEOs/PMs of NTA defense RDT&E facilities will designate a non-traditional agent
safety officer (NTASO) in writing. NTASOs will—
(1) Advise responsible commanders, directors, or PEOs/PMs on NTA-related occupational safety and health matters.
(2) Review all NTA SOPs and risk assessments at NTA defense test facilities and laboratories.
(3) Inspect NTA defense test facilities and laboratories at least quarterly for compliance with mandatory procedures
in DA Pam 385 –61.
b. Commanders, directors, and PEOs/PMs of NTA defense RDT&E facilities will establish a Non-Traditional
Agent Safety Committee (NTASC) and define membership in writing. The NTASC will include professionals with
backgrounds and experience in occupational safety and health, security (physical and information), and accountability.
The NTASC will include a laboratory staff senior scientist and medical participant, if available. NTASCs will—
(1) Oversee NTA defense test facility and laboratory NTA safety programs with assistance from laboratory occupational safety and health and industrial hygiene staff.
(2) Act as an advisory group senior management on NTA-related occupational safety and health matters.
(3) Review and recommend approval for all NTA SOPs and risk assessments at NTA defense test facilities and
laboratories.
(4) Provide advice and guidance on changes to NTA defense RDT&E operations based on NTA data.
(5) Recommend infrastructure, facility, equipment, and PPE requirements to ensure the safety of NTA defense
RDT&E.
(6) Recommend NTA defense RDT&E operations-related occupational safety and health policy at NTA defense
test facilities and laboratories.
(7) Review laboratory NTA safety plan annually and make necessary revisions.
(8) Ensure appropriate oversight for observation of preoperational exercises and readiness to conduct NTA defense
RDT&E operations.
c. Commanders, directors, and PEOs/PMs or designated official of NTA defense RDT&E facilities will approve
all NTA-related SOPs at NTA defense test facilities and laboratories.

Chapter 22
Explosives Safety Management
22–1. Introduction
a. This chapter provides explosives safety policy for commanders with DoD military (AE) munitions missions and
functions.
b. Commanders will use mandatory explosives safety standards in DA Pam 385 – 64 and this chapter.
c. Storage and handling of DoD military munitions must conform with DoD and Army standards for explosives
safety. The exception is when more stringent criteria apply by agreement (for example, NATO or an HN). A copy of
applicable agreements will be made part of the permanent real property records and site planning records.
d. This chapter applies to:
(1) Activities and organizations with missions involving DoD military munitions;
(2) Peacetime, wartime, contingency operations, training, exercises, military munitions responses, and RDT&E.
e. Mandatory explosives safety procedures specific to live-fire training are contained in DA Pam 385 –63 and prescribed in AR 385 –63/MCO 3570.1C.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

142

22–2. Explosives safety management
Consistent with peacetime, contingency, and wartime operational requirements and corresponding DoD military munitions requirements, it is Army policy to:
a. Provide the maximum possible protection to people and property from the potential damaging effects of an
incident involving DoD military munitions.
b. Comply with mandatory procedures in DA Pam 385 – 64 and, when outside the United States, CJCSI 4360.01B,
HN, multinational, or U.S. explosives safety standards, whichever is more stringent, unless an international agreement
mandates compliance with specific criteria.
c. Use qualitative and quantitative risk-based explosives safety assessment tools and criteria as decision-making
aids.
d. Minimize exposures consistent with safe and efficient operations (in other words, expose the minimum number
of people for the minimum time to the minimum amount of explosives).
e. Enhance readiness and mission capability by providing for explosive safety management considerations throughout the military munitions’ lifecycle.
f. Implement and maintain an effective ESMP.
g. Prohibit the disposal of DoD military munitions on land or in water (for example, burying and dumping) except
in an explosives or munitions emergency or when specifically authorized by the SECARMY or the SECARMY’s
designee. This prohibition does not preclude covering munitions with earth to control fragments and noise during
authorized testing or destruction by detonation or the use of in-situ capping when implemented as an engineered
remedy under an authorized munitions response action.
h. Give precedence to explosives safety management principles and requirements that provide for immediate protection of people and property while complying with applicable environmental regulations.
i. Conduct appropriate munitions responses on Army real property that is known or suspected to contain DoD
military munitions per applicable environmental laws and regulations and DoD and Army policy.
j. Prohibit unnecessary access (for example, recreational uses such as hunting, magnet fishing, and hiking) and take
appropriate action to deter unauthorized access to areas under Army control that are known or suspected to contain
DoD military munitions (UXO or discarded military munitions) that may upon evaluation by EOD or similarly qualified personnel be determined to be MEC.
k. Control authorized access to areas known or suspected to contain DoD military munitions that may be MEC
under Army control, particularly operational range impact areas.
22–3. Explosives Safety Management Program leadership and support responsibilities
In addition to the general ASOHP responsibilities delineated in chapter 2:
a. Senior commanders are responsible for synchronizing and integrating the installation’s explosives safety priorities and the installation’s ESMP. Subordinate and tenant commands will support the senior commander in execution
of senior commander ESMP responsibilities. To protect Soldiers and their families who live on Army installations,
Army employees and contractors who work on Army installations, and the public, particularly those who live in communities that surround Army installations, senior commanders will ensure that the installation’s ESMP includes a
requirement for the installation to implement and maintain a 3Rs Program (see https://www.3rs.mil.) Senior commanders will—
(1) Establish and implement a written installation ESMP (see para 22 – 4).
(2) Identify, program, document, and monitor ESMP resourcing requirements.
(3) Ensure AE operations have an Army and DDESB-approved quantity distance (QD) safety submission (explosives site plan (ESP) or chemical site plan (CSP)) or other DDESB – RESS (see para 22 – 9).
(4) Maintain a comprehensive list of all existing munitions operating facilities (for example, storage, renovation,
demilitarization) and status of RESS (see para 22–9i).
(5) Maintain awareness of explosives safety deviations (see para 22 – 11). Ensure deviations are approved at the
appropriate level of authority. Conduct and document annual reviews of deviations and provide a copy of each approval to USATCES. Report the cancellation of deviations to USATCES through the chain of command no later than
45 days after the date of cancellation.
(6) Monitor explosives safety staffing and competencies (see para 22 –8). Identify and document key explosives
safety positions and take measures to minimize staffing reductions and alleviate competency gaps in these positions.
Promote use of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/installations FC Explosives Safety Certificate Program.
(7) Ensure DoD military munitions storage complies with approved QD safety submissions or explosive licenses
and also complies with operational limits.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

143

(8) Ensure installation Master Plan (or equivalent plans) and associated maps are maintained, current, and accurately depict explosives safety quantity distance (ESQD) arcs, range boundaries, and other areas known or suspected
to contain AE that may be MEC.
(9) Maintain oversight of installation construction projects to ensure construction does not violate explosives safety
criteria (see para 22–9a).
(10) Ensure procedures are in place to keep emergency responders (installation and surrounding community, when
appropriate) informed of the locations of DoD military munitions operating facilities (for example, storage, production, demilitarization) and associated hazards. Ensure procedures are in place to keep all affected activities and personnel property trained and equipped for emergency response. Exercise AE emergency plans at least annually to
ensure command and control procedures are known and effective.
(11) Establish procedures to assess annually in conjunction with the Installation Status Report and in coordination
with the appropriate land-holding commands (NGB, AMC, IMCOM, and USARC), the operating status of explosives
facilities to support recapitalization, disposal, and military construction decisions.
(12) Consult, as needed, with USATCES for explosives safety expertise for RM, site planning, and training.
b. Commanders of deploying units (battalion and above) will—
(1) Ensure explosives safety personnel (explosive safety specialists, safety officers, ammunition warrant officers,
and QASAS) and others, as necessary, complete pre-deployment explosives safety training provided by USATCES.
(2) Consult, as needed, with USATCES for reach-back explosives safety expertise for site planning, training, and
RM.
c. Army leaders of organizations with AE missions and functions will—
(1) Establish, manage, and direct the organization’s ESMP according to the requirements of this regulation, mandatory procedures in DA Pam 385 – 64, and the installation’s ESMP.
(2) Reinforce a culture of AE safety and discipline by:
(a) Ensuring proper management and handling of DoD military munitions.
(b) Ensuring proper manning and execution of a commander’s ESMP.
(c) Ensuring proper resourcing.
(d) Reinforcing command engagement in explosives safety and DoD military munitions management.
(e) Ensuring personnel receive training commensurate with their level of responsibilities.
(3) Maintain awareness of the posture of their ESMP and explosives safety deviations.
d. Safety directors/managers of organizations with an AE mission will—
(1) Serve as the primary POC for ESMP-related actions and coordination with other SMEs, agencies, and stakeholders as necessary to maximize awareness and solicit input for consideration.
(2) Keep leadership informed of the organization’s ESMP posture and explosive safety and related issues.
(3) Ensure:
(a) Explosives safety deviations are accurate and current, and that appropriate mitigation measures are implemented.
(b) Incoming leaders are advised, when the organization’s leadership transitions, of existing deviations and ensure
the incoming leader accepts the risk by renewing and approving applicable DARADs.
(c) Explosive mishaps are properly reported, investigated, and analyzed.
(d) Explosives safety training requirements are identified, complied with, resourced, and documented.
(e) QASAS provide requested technical assistance to the organization’s safety office as delineated in recommended
and mandatory procedures in DA Pam 385 – 64.
(f) Ammunition warrant officers provide requested support to the organization safety office and leadership to tactical units.
(4) Conduct periodic evaluations to ensure the effectiveness of the organization’s ESMP.
22–4. Explosives Safety Management Program requirements
a. Commanders of units with an AE mission will implement an ESMP that complies with the installation ESMP.
(1) Units with missions that involve only small arms ammunition, EOD operations, or munitions response (clean
up) are excluded from the requirement to develop an ESMP but will include applicable explosives safety management
requirements in internal SOPs.
(2) Units receiving DoD military munitions for live-fire training or operational mission do not require an ESMP
but will include applicable explosives safety management requirements in internal SOPs.
(3) Units whose AE mission involves only specialty explosives devices (for example, squibs, flash bangs, simulators, flares, cartridge actuated devices, propellant actuated devices, signals, and so forth) do not require an ESMP, but
will include applicable explosives safety management requirements in internal SOPs.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

144

(4) A memorandum of understanding should be used to work out any conflicts between supporting and supported
organizations.
b. ESMPs will address:
(1) Organization and staffing.
(a) Identify the explosives safety responsibilities of all organizations with AE missions.
(b) Require inclusion of explosives safety in the senior commander’s safety council.
(c) Designate a qualified explosives safety POC for management of the command’s ESMP. Minimum qualification
is attainment of installations FC Explosives Safety Level II Professional Certification.
(d) Tenant organization/activities will coordinate explosives safety requirements with the senior commander.
(2) RESS and explosives safety licensing.
(a) Specify the process and the roles and responsibilities for staffing and approval of RESS for submission to the
USATCES for Army review and approval and submission to the DDESB.
(b) Establish a process for annual reviews of the installation Master Plan for AE locations to monitor and prevent
encroachment within an ESQD and ensure RESS and explosives licenses are accurate and submitted in compliance
with Army and DoD policy.
(c) Define areas that require explosives licensing, the process for obtaining explosives licensing, and required information on explosives licenses.
(3) Emergency response coordination and planning.
(4) Installation master planning.
(a) Specify responsibilities to coordinate participation with senior commander’s explosives safety POCs participation in the installation master planning process.
(b) Outline process for annual reviews of the installation Master Plan for AE locations to monitor and prevent
encroachment within an ESQD and to ensure RESS and explosives licenses are accurate and submitted in compliance
with Army and DoD policy and the Real Property Utilization Board.
(c) Ensure the Real Property Utilization Board reviews the installation Master Plan for AE locations when proposing new uses or changes in use of real estate.
(5) RM. Outline explosives safety RM responsibilities and process, including levels of risk acceptance for commanders and coordination of explosives safety deviations pursuant to requirements in DA Pam 385 – 64.
(6) Records management. Outline requirements and responsibilities for records management, including designation of the repositories for explosives safety records (for example, lightning protection system tests, inspections, deviations, site plans).
(7) Inspections/evaluations/audits/annual reviews.
(a) Outline responsibilities and procedures for conducting and assessing internal inspections/evaluations/audits/reviews, correcting deficiencies, and tracking/reporting closure of findings.
(b) Outline responsibilities for conduct of DCS, G – 4 inspections, correction of deficiencies, and tracking/reporting
closure of findings.
(c) Address option for requesting an ESAV during non-DCS, G– 4 review.
(8) Training.
(a) Establish a qualification program that includes personnel supervising or performing AE related functions.
(b) Identify training requirements by activity (for example handling, transportation, and so forth) (see mandatory
procedures in DA Pam 385 – 64).
(9) Establish and maintain an installation-specific 3Rs Program (see website at https://www.3rs.mil) to advise Soldiers and their families, personnel that work on or visit an installation, and the surrounding communities of the dangers
associated with AE and the actions to take should they encounter or suspect they have encountered a DoD military
munition (AE).
(10) Prohibit magnet fishing on installations.
(11) Access control.
(a) Outline responsibilities and procedures for the identification and control of areas known or suspected to contain
AE that may be MEC.
(b) Delineate AE routes, dedicated impact areas, dedicated dud areas, contaminated areas, and so forth.
22–5. Explosives safety mishap reporting
See paragraph 3 –8 for explosives safety mishap reporting requirements.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

145

22–6. Worldwide Department of Defense Military Munitions Logistics/Explosives Safety Review
and Technical Assistance Program
a. The U.S. Army Defense Ammunition Center’s Logistics Review and Technical Assistance Office conduct surveys of AE logistics management and explosives safety surveys of installations in accordance with AR 700 – 13 on a
4-year cycle. These surveys assess compliance with applicable DoD and Army policy for the management of DoD
military munitions and applicable DoD and Army explosives safety criteria. (Contractor operations will be evaluated
against DoD 4145.26– M.)
b. The DCS, G– 4 and ODASAF—
(1) Oversee these Logistics Review and Technical Assistance Office surveys, including development and approval
of survey criteria and matters of special interest.
(2) Review survey reports to identify:
(a) AE safety and logistics programmatic findings and trends.
(b) Implement corrective actions.
22–7. Explosives safety assistance visits
a. USATCES conducts ESAVs to evaluate the effectiveness of a command’s, installation’s, or activity’s ESMP.
b. An ESAV assesses compliance with applicable regulatory requirements, identifies shortcomings, and provides
assistance to improve their ESMP. Assistance can be provided for, among other matters, determining requirements
for RESS; developing QD safety submissions (for example, ESP); evaluating AE operations (for example, the application of QD; presence of lightning protection systems; the conduct of munitions responses); management and processing of material potentially presenting an explosive hazard, material documented as an explosive hazard, and material documented as safe; explosives safety for operational and test ranges, including range clearance and modernization activities; and live-fire training and testing.
c. Commands, installations, or activities—
(1) Are not required to respond to ESAV findings.
(2) Should contact USATCES if they desire an assistance visit.
22–8. Explosives safety training
Explosives safety is a core competency of installations FC SOH professionals. Consistent with their responsibilities,
Army SOH professionals will be trained and competent in AE safety and explosives safety management procedures.
a. Installations FC personnel in job series 0017, 0018, and 0803 will complete the following training and are encouraged to obtain the ANSI/Installations FC Explosives Safety Level 1 certificate:
(1) Introduction to Ammunition (course 9E – F67/921– F35 (DL) (Ammo–45)).
(2) U.S. Army Explosives Safety Familiarization (course 4E – F44/645– F28 (DL) (Ammo–63)).
(3) Ammunition Publications (4E – F62/645 – F46 (DL) (Ammo–78)).
(4) Introduction to Explosives Safety Management for Safety Professionals (course 4E – F26/431 – F10 (DL)
(Ammo–107)).
b. Installations FC personnel in positions with explosives safety roles and responsibilities are required to complete
training in advanced explosives safety management to include the following, and will obtain the ANSI/Installations
FC Explosives Safety Level 2 certificate:
(1) Army Electrical Explosives Safety (course 4E – F33/645– F17(DL) or 4E– F32/645 – F16(IL) (Ammo–28)).
(2) RM and Prep of SOPs for Ammo and Explosives (course 9E – F68/920 – F36(DL) or 9E– F60/950 – F39(IL)
(Ammo–54)).
(3) Munitions History Program (course 4E – F64/645 – F48(DL) (Ammo–97)).
(4) Application of U.S. Army ESQD Principles (course 4E – F65/645– F49(DL) (Ammo–99)). Army Explosives
Safety Quantity Distance and Site Planning Course (course 4E – F24/431– F8 (IL) (Ammo–82)) is the equivalent to
both Ammo–99 and Ammo–100.
(5) Army Explosives Safety Site Planning (course 4E – F25/431 – F9(DL) (Ammo–100)). Army Explosives Safety
Quantity Distance and Site Planning Course (course 4E – F24/431– F8 (IL) (Ammo–82)) is the equivalent to both
Ammo–99 and Ammo–100.
(6) Ammunition and Explosives Storage Safety (course 4E –F28/645 – F12(DL) (Ammo–112)).
(7) Advanced Explosives Safety Management Workshop.
(8) Army Explosives Safety Deviations Workshop.
c. Installations FC personnel performing industrial and/or RDT&E missions and functions must also complete
training designed to provide requisite knowledge, skills, and abilities in these areas to include:
(1) Army Contract Safety Course.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

146

(2) Explosives Safety in RDT&E and Industrial Environments Workshop.
d. Installations FC personnel with explosives safety roles and responsibilities in munitions response missions and
functions must also complete training designed to provide requisite knowledge, skills, and abilities as listed in paragraph 22–8c, including Military Munitions Rule (course 4E –F46/645 – F30 (DL) (CERT) (Ammo–68)).
22–9. Quantity distance safety submissions (explosives site plans and chemical agent site plans)
a. New facilities and construction.
(1) For potential explosion sites, QD safety submissions will be submitted as required by, and will comply with,
Army and DoD explosives safety criteria. QD safety submissions or amendments to approved QD safety submissions
are required for construction of new munitions operating facilities and sites (for example, storage, production, ammunition pads) and major modifications of existing munitions operating facilities and sites.
(2) For ESs, an ESP or amendment to an approved QD safety submission may be required for construction or
placement of a facility or structure within an ESQD arc.
(3) The command or project proponent will submit a complete construction project proposal through command
channels to USATCES for review and approval prior to obtaining approval for construction or modification of potential explosion sites and ESs. This submission is required, regardless of the project’s cost or the intended use of the
facility or structure. This requirement applies to:
(a) Tenant activities, regardless of Service or agency, on Army installations or activities.
(b) Army tenants on other Service installations or activities.
(c) Other locations for which Army has explosives safety responsibilities, and where DoD military munitions may
be present.
(4) USATCES will review proposals for construction projects, major modifications, or construction of placement
of structures within an ESQD to ensure compliance with Army and DoD explosives safety criteria.
b. Ammunition and explosives mission requirements that increase the level of risk. An ESP or an amendment to
an approved ESP is required when the use (for example, increased storage) or remodeling of a munitions operating
facility increases the associate level of risk. Although an amendment or ESP are not required for remodeling or changes
in use that pose a similar or lower level of risk, a correction to an approved ESP may be required.
c. Quantity distance safety. QD safety submissions will be submitted as described in DA Pam 385 –64.
(1) The command or organization responsible for operating the munitions operating facility or site will, in compliance with the senior commander’s ESMP, develop, or request and coordinate with explosives safety SME support to
develop, the required ESP.
(a) Develop the ESP or request the designated safety office initiate the required ESP.
(b) Provide the designated safety office the information required to develop and coordinate the ESP.
(2) The command or organization responsible for operating the munitions operating facility or site will coordinate
the ESP as the senior commander’s ESMP requires. Normally, ESPs will be coordinated with:
(a) The appropriate safety offices, as indicated in the ESMP;
(b) Installation master planner or office responsible for facility master planning;
(c) Facility engineers; and
(d) Offices with primary responsibility for munitions management, logistics management, the supporting QASAS,
security, and the supporting F&ES and affected operating and tenant units.
(3) The responsible command or organization will review and approve the completed ESP and forward it to the
designated (per the ESMP) safety office for forwarding to USATCES (see also para 22–9e).
(4) Use of explosives safety siting (ESS) software is mandatory. Requests to submit by other means must be justified in writing and submitted to USATCES for consideration. USATCES may be contacted for ESS technical assistance.
(a) Organizations with ESS software will submit ESP or CSP using this software.
(b) Organizations that do not have ESS software will submit site plans in electronic format by converting required
documents to a PDF and either emailing it to USATCES or uploading it to a secure server.
d. Risks to other Services. When the ESQD from an Army explosive site pose a risk to another Service or a nonDoD entity, the responsible command or organization must obtain the affected Service’s or non-DoD entity’s acceptance of risk and include it with QD safety submission.
(1) The affected Service’s or non-DoD entity’s acceptance of risk must be at the appropriate level based on the risk
being accepted.
(2) USATCES will finalize coordination with the other Service’s headquarters, if required.
e. Quantity distance safety submission reviews and approval. The chain of command will—
(1) Indicate in a letter of transmittal its approval of the QD safety submission;

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

147

(2) Address in the transmittal changes, modifications, or specific precautionary or mitigating measures it considers
necessary.
(3) Forward the command approved QD safety submission and required documentation to the Director, USATCES.
f. Expedited quantity distance safety submission reviews. Commands requesting an expedited review of QD safety
submission will provide the following information for review:
(1) The date approved required.
(2) The proposed contract award date.
(3) The reason the priority action is needed.
g. Munitions operating facilities built before January 1958.
(1) Effective 30 September 2024, the U.S. Army will require either a DDESB-approved QD safety submission (for
example, an ESP) or DA Form 7632 DARAD, which the appropriate level of command has approved, for DoD military munitions operating facilities built before January 1958 and to which Commands have applied the previously
authorized exemption for QD safety submissions. This change will not apply to:
(a) Those DoD military munitions operating facilities for which the ASA (IE&E) has approved a SecCert.
(b) DoD military munitions storage locations storing stockpiled chemical munitions pending demilitarization under
the Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives Program.
(2) When preparing QD safety submissions or DARADs, use the following criteria:
(a) DoD military munitions storage magazines for which the as-built construction, current condition, or appropriate
type and blast-load rating (7– BAR, 3 – BAR, or undefined) is not known will be considered undefined for storage and
siting purposes. Earth-covered magazines for which the command is not maintaining the appropriate level of earth
cover (a minimum thickness of 2 feet (0.61 m)) will be considered as above-ground magazines.
(b) The DARAD for storage magazines will include a statement that addresses how the storage magazine will be
brought into compliance with DoD explosives safety criteria by the end of the Program Objective Memorandum cycle
2020 to 2024. An ESP will be prepared once the storage magazine is brought into compliance.
(3) The user is responsible for developing, coordinating (as appropriate), and submitting an ESP in accordance
with the senior commander’s ESMP.
h. Facility closure. Upon closure of a DoD military munitions operating facility or site, closure and cancellation
of the RESSs will be reported through the chain of command to USATCES no later than 45 days from date of closure.
i. List of Department of Defense military munitions operating facilities. Army installations and activities will—
(1) Develop and maintain a comprehensive listing of existing munitions operating facilities and sites. Each explosives facility and site will be identified by:
(a) Building number or facility/site identification.
(b) Type (for example, earth-covered magazine, above-ground magazine, production facility, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act-permitted AE treatment facility, pad).
(c) User, and owner if different from user, as applicable.
(2) Indicate one of the following for each munitions operating facility and site as:
(a) Having an Armyand DDESB-approved ESP or one has been submitted to USATCES for Army approval and
submission to the DDESB (reference USATCES file number for each ESP).
(b) Being grandfathered, with the required documentation on file. (Not applicable after 1 October 2024.)
(c) Having an approved DARAD or Secretarial Exemption.
(d) Does not require an ESP (see DA Pam 385 – 64), and why.
(e) Requires an ESP, but has not submitted one and does not have an approved DARAD.
22–10. Explosives licensing policy
Commanders will ensure—
a. Explosives licenses are maintained for each location where AE will be processed or stored on a permanent,
routine, or recurring basis and the location does not have an Armyor DDESB-approved ESP. The license will be
interim authorization for munitions to be stored or processed until the RESS is approved.
b. Compliance with the explosives license’s requirements.
22–11. Deviation from explosives safety criteria
DoD and Army explosives safety criteria are established to protect people from serious injury or loss of life, and
critical assets and property from damage or destruction. Such criteria are not intended to be so rigid as to prevent the
U.S. Army from accomplishing its assigned mission. Prior to deviating from explosives safety criteria, the responsible
authority must assess the risk to personnel and property against strategic or other compelling reasons.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

148

a. New construction or facility modification. Prior to construction of a new potential explosive site, ES, or performing major modifications (greater than 15 percent of current value) to an existing facility, the commander or responsible authority must obtain an approved QD safety submission (an ESP or CSP). When a commander or responsible authority determines that the required construction or modification will violate explosives safety criteria, the
commander or responsible authority must obtain a SecCert prior to constructing or modifying the facility. To obtain
a SecCert, the commander or responsible authority must certify that the projects are essential due to operational necessity or other compelling reasons. The request for a SecCert must be endorsed by the chain of command (see mandatory procedures in DA Pam 385 – 64).
b. Existing facilities. When an existing facility is determined to violate DoD or Army explosives safety criteria,
the associated risk must be covered by a DARAD completed in accordance with mandatory procedures in DA Pam
385 – 64 and accepted at the appropriate level of command.
c. Violations. When an operation will violate DoD or U.S. Army explosives safety criteria, the commander or
responsible authority must complete a DARAD pursuant to procedures in DA Pam 385 –64 and it must be accepted at
the appropriate level of command.
d. Technology advancements. Where the provisions of this regulation do not provide guidance or requirements for
new and emerging technologies in explosives formulations and process equipment, a risk assessment will be prepared
and accepted at the appropriate level of command prior to the implementation of the process (also see DA Pam
385 – 64).
22–12. Hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance (ammunition and explosives or
Department of Defense military munitions)
AE containing electrically initiated devices (EIDs) (for example, exploding foil initiators, laser initiators, burn wires,
fusible links, hot bridge wires, carbon bridges, and conductive compositions) will be designed or protected such that
EMR does not cause an inadvertent initiation, degradation, or disablement. Both direct RF induced actuation of the
EID or electrical coupling to and triggering of the associated firing circuits can occur, especially in a tactical radiated
EME.
a. Certification of Department of Defense military munitions.
(1) HERO certification is the assignment of a HERO classification to an ordnance or AE item by a technically
competent, designated activity using the results of test or analysis. Obtaining HERO certification ensures HERO information is available on the subject ordnance item used in the field to ensure the maximum possible protection to
people and property from the potentially damaging effects of an inadvertent actuation of DoD military munitions
containing an EID. It also ensures the reliability of the munition is not adversely affected by exposure to electromagnetic energy. Programs and MATDEVs responsible for the design, development, T&E, and sustainment of munitions
will use this process to obtain HERO certification for all military munitions.
(2) HERO certification requirements are as follows:
(a) DESR 6055.09 requires that military munitions containing EIDs be designed or protected such that EMR does
not cause an inadvertent initiation, degradation, or disablement. Both direct RF induced actuation of the EID or electrical coupling to and triggering of the associated firing circuits can occur, especially in a tactical radiated EME.
(b) During acquisition, HERO evaluation and certification of DoD military munitions will be accomplished, both
for routine employment mission profiles and for any anticipated Joint or combined operational employment to include
all six phases of the S4 in the EME cited in MIL – STD– 464 (table 9) and applies during the disposal of munitions.
(c) The HERO evaluation and certification process addresses the possibility that different HERO classifications
may occur for an individual ordnance item depending on the phase of S4. For example, an ordnance item may be
considered HERO SAFE during storage, but maintenance of the item may defeat shielding resulting in increased
susceptibility to the EME, changing the items HERO classification.
b. Stockpile-to-safe separation sequence. S4 are the progressive stages (phases) that begin at the time the munitions are developed/designed and manufactured and continue until it is expended or reaches a safe distance from the
launch vehicle/platform/system. This progression is referred to as the S4 and may consist of up to six of the following
distinct stages in which varying degrees of susceptibility can result from unique physical configurations or operational
EMEs:
(1) Transportation/storage. The phase in which the munitions are packaged, containerized, or otherwise prepared
for shipping or stored in an authorized storage facility. This includes transporting of the munitions.
(2) Assembly/disassembly. The phase involving all operations required for munitions build-up or breakdown and
typically involves personnel.
(3) Staged. The phase where the munitions have been prepared for loading and are prepositioned in a designated
staging area.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

149

(4) Handling/loading. The phase where physical contact is made between the munitions item and personnel, metal
objects, or structures during the process of preparing, checking out, performing built-in tests, programming/reprogramming, installing, or attaching the munitions item to its end-use platform/system; for example, aircraft, launcher,
launch vehicle, or personnel. These procedures may involve making or breaking electrical connections, opening and
closing access panels, and removing/installing safety pins, shorting plugs, clips, and dust covers. This configuration
also includes all operations required for unloading; in other words, removing, disengaging, or repackaging the munitions item.
(5) Platform-loaded. The phase where the munitions item has been installed on or attached to the host platform/system (for example, aircraft, ground vehicle, and personnel and so forth) and all loading procedures have been
completed.
(6) Immediate post-launch. The phase where the munitions item has been launched from its platform/system, but
up to its safe separation distance with regard to the actuation of its explosives, pyrotechnics, or propellants.
c. Recertification of military munitions. HERO certification will be done when legacy military munitions are redesigned or before military munitions are employed in an EME for which they were not previously HERO certified.
d. Hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance database. Data from HERO evaluations will be compiled in
an Army-approved centralized data repository to support the Joint Spectrum Center Ordnance Electromagnetic Environmental Effects Risk Assessment Database for subsequent use in information applications.
e. Electromagnetic environment controls. Commanders will ensure that HERO effects on military munitions are
resolved during the planning of Joint or combined operations and training exercises. Such measures may include:
(1) Identifying susceptibilities.
(2) Quantifying EMEs.
(3) Evaluating risks associated with operating procedures.
(4) Establishing tailored emission control instructions.
f. Posting of radio frequency warning signs. Areas where the levels of RF EMFs constitute a radiation hazard to
military munitions or to flammable materials located in areas where radiation hazards to military munitions exist will
be clearly marked with warning signs or labels for mobile emitters.
g. Hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance warning signs. Warning signs will be posted at each location
where radar equipment or other possible sources of EMR might create the potential for premature initiation of military
munitions. Warning signs—
(1) Will be placed along transportation routes approaching military munitions operations (for example, missile
assembly and munitions piers) at designated locations.
(2) Should alert operators of mobile or portable emitter systems to a potential hazard and restrictions when using
these emitters (for example, radios and cellular telephones) past the designated point.
h. Radio frequency identification. Prior to using electronic equipment that intentionally generates RF energy to
identify or track military munitions or for use within a military munitions storage or operating facility (for example,
assembly or disassembly and build-up areas) commanders will ensure that qualified personnel have evaluated and
certified such equipment for use by comparing the device’s radiated emission characteristics with respect to a military
munition’s potential susceptibility and determining a safe separation distance (see para 22– 9).
22–13. Explosives safety and munitions risk management for Joint operations planning, training,
and execution
Apply current version of CJCSI 4360.01B.
22–14. Process safety management
a. Process safety management (PSM) is OSHA’s standard for management of hazards associated with highly hazardous chemicals and establishes a comprehensive management program that integrates technologies, procedures, and
management practices. PSM is addressed in 29 CFR 1910, general industry standards, and 29 CFR 1926.
b. PSM is required for all manufacturing operations involving DoD military munitions (explosives) to include
mixing, blending, extruding, synthesizing, assembling, disassembling, and other activities involved in the making of
a chemical compound, mixture, or device which is intended to explode. Unlike other highly hazardous chemicals
covered by PSM, DoD military munitions do not have a listed threshold quantity under current OSHA standards. If
any quantity of DoD military munitions (explosives) is manufactured as discussed in this paragraph, then the manufacturing process is covered by the PSM standard. PSM is not intended for RDT&E operations.
c. The following DoD military munitions manufacturing and demilitarization activities will develop a written PSM
program that implements the mandatory procedures in DA Pam 385 – 64:

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

150

(1) Operations involving highly hazardous chemicals listed in 29 CFR 1910.119 Appendix A, which exceed applicable threshold quantities.
(2) DoD military munitions manufacturing operations defined as the mixing, blending, extruding, synthesizing,
assembling, disassembling, and other activities involved in the making of a chemical compound, mixture, or device
designed to explode.
(a) For production operations, these requirements are applicable from time chemical materials are introduced/removed from DOT packaging until the completed product is placed in DOT-approved packaging configuration, unless
configured into a 1.4 hazard classification configuration.
(b) For maintenance/demilitarization operations, these requirements are applicable to operations that change the
physical state of energetic material (melt out, steam out, cryo-fracture, hydrolysis, and so forth) or disassemble an
article from a final configuration which exposes energetics not normally exposed in a user environment (for example
removing fuze well liners).
(c) For load assemble pack (LAP) operations, these requirements are applicable to LAP operations until the point
the material is placed in DOT-approved packaging configuration.
d. A written PSM program is not required for the following DoD military munitions activities:
(1) DoD military munitions activities for which a documented process hazards analysis, which complies with 29
CFR 1910.119(e), determined that a catastrophic release of toxic, reactive, flammable, or explosive chemicals would
not be the consequence of a mishap.
(2) The intentional functioning of DoD military munitions.
(3) The assembly or disassembly of separate finished components (for example, a fuze) to a DoD military munition
in its final configuration (for example, installing or removing a fuze from a projectile, replacing like components
during maintenance operation).
(4) The conduct of quality assurance functions (for example, surveillance inspections, repackaging).
(5) Storage of DoD military munitions.
22–15. Improvised explosives and homemade explosives
a. Improvised explosives (IE)/homemade explosives (HME) is defined as an explosive compound or chemical
mixture, produced from precursor materials, that is not designed for traditional military or commercial use. Precursor
materials, commercially produced chemicals, and explosives used to produce IE/HME are not in and of themselves
considered IE/HME. IE/HME includes:
(1) Primary explosives. Primary explosives include triacetone triperoxide (TATP), hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD), and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP).
(2) Secondary explosives. Secondary explosives include hydrogen peroxide and fuel explosives, potassium perchlorate and fuel explosives.
(3) Tertiary explosives. Tertiary explosives include certain ammonium nitrate created or combined to produce an
explosive material.
b. RM will be used to provide the maximum possible protection to personnel and property during operations that
involve IE/HME. Operations involving IE/HME or precursor materials will comply with applicable Army RM policy
and requirements and safety standards, ACOM/ASCC/DRU and command safety policy and standards, and unit SOPs.
c. Commanders will ensure that only the minimum number of personnel are exposed to the minimum quantity of
IE/HME or other explosives for the minimum time, consistent with safe and efficient operations.
d. Suspected IE/HME will be assumed to be in the most hazardous state or condition and considered extremely
dangerous and unstable until confirmed otherwise by a designated EOD personnel or civilian bomb squad emergency
response authority or chemist. Because of the unknown explosive effects of finished IE/HME, the determination of
adequate explosives safety separation distances to provide protection to personnel and materiel assets can be difficult
to assess. Until positive identification is made, IE/HME will be assumed to be equivalent to the effects of trinitrotoluene (TNT) (1 pound of IE/HME = 1 pound of TNT) and the sensitivity of nitroglycerine.
e. IE/HME operations, storage, and training on Army installations or Army-controlled facilities must be communicated and coordinated with the senior commander, garrison commander, and Department of Emergency Services.
f. The primary focus during an IE/HME incident or explosives emergency is to mitigate the risk of a catastrophic
explosive event. Every other function is secondary.
g. Prior to performing assigned duties, and pursuant to mandatory procedures in DA Pam 385 – 64, personnel conducting IE/HME detection, identification, sampling, analysis, collection, render safe, transportation, storage, disposal,
or training must—
(1) Receive training in the characteristics, hazard controls, safety policy, and standards for IE/HME operations.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

151

(2) Participate in the development of, or receive briefing on, the applicable risk assessments and procedures for the
safe handling or destruction of IE/HME and constituent materials.
(3) Be provided with PPE and tools and materials required for the safe execution of their IE/HME responsibilities.
h. Follow the mandatory procedures in DA Pam 385 – 40 for notification and reporting of mishaps associated with
IE/HME response actions as well as IE/HME training. Notification of such mishaps will be through the chain of
command to the DA HME Safety Working Group at email [email protected] in addition to the Army Operations Center at email [email protected].
22–16. Munitions shipments requiring satellite motor surveillance service
a. The SDDC’s Defense Transportation Tracking System (DTTS) Program Management Office monitors the safe
and secure transport of arms, ammunition, and explosives, and other sensitive material moving by commercial trucks
and barges within North America using satellite and cellular technology, and 24-hour oversight to facilitate a response
to an emergency.
b. Commanders and/or the responsible authority must ensure compliance with applicable requirements of the DTR
4500.9 –R–Part II Chapter 205 for shipments requiring satellite motor surveillance service. In addition to other applicable DTR 4500.9– R requirements, installations and activities shipping DoD military munitions by a transportation
service provider (commercial carriers) will:
(1) Ensure sufficient personnel maintain an active Transportation Geospatial Information System (TGIS) account.
(2) Release shipments in Global Freight Management or cargo movement operations system with sufficient lead
time to allow electronic data interchange between the shipper system and TGIS/DTTS.
(3) Prohibit a transportation service provider with shipments requiring munitions shipments requiring satellite motor surveillance service from departing the installation until the required shipment information is confirmed in
TGIS/DTTS. When required, the transportation service provider will be held in safe haven or a vehicle holding area
that meets the applicable Army and DoD explosives safety criteria.
(4) Manually input the required information into TGIS/DTTS in the event the required shipment information does
not transfer from the shipper’s system to TGIS/DTTS.
c. Commanders of installations and activities that are notified of a satellite motor surveillance service shipment
that is not in the system (NIS) will—
(1) Report, within 24 hours of notification, the cause for shipments identified as NIS to the command’s higher
headquarters (for example, AMC, ARNG, USAR, U.S. Army Special Operations Command) and the consignee; and
(2) Conduct a root cause analysis of each NIS shipment and report the results to the command’s higher headquarters
and, as appropriate, the consignee within 7 days.
d. Commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and CNGB will provide DCS, G – 4, Strategic Mobility’s Transportation Policy Division a monthly summary of the root cause analyses for shipments that their subordinate command has
listed as NIS.

Chapter 23
Army Electrical Safety Program
23–1. Introduction
This chapter prescribes requirements for integrating electrical safety consensus standards, techniques, and procedures
into Army safety management systems and operations to mitigate the risk of electrical safety hazards.
23–2. Authority
All applicable DoD, Army, federal, national, and international electrical safety consensus standards will be integrated
into all operations and apply to all DA personnel. These requirements include 29 CFR 1910 Subpart S, EM 385 – 1 – 1,
UFC 4–021 – 01, TB 385 – 4, UFC 3 – 560 – 01, NFPA 70, NFPA 70E, and ANSI/IEEE C2 and HN requirements, whichever are more stringent. Unless otherwise noted, all documents refer to the version in force at the time of use.
23–3. Technical assistance
Specific guidance and tools to support hazard identification as well as safe electrical work practices and procedures
for the effective implementation of a comprehensive electrical safety program can be found at the Combat Readiness
Center program support resource page https://safety.army.mil/on-duty/workplace/electrical.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

152

23–4. General electrical safety program requirements
The electrical safety program will include the following elements:
a. Policy and procedures for electrically safe work practices.
b. Authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) and AHJ hierarchy of authorities for interpreting electrical safety requirements; approving equipment, assemblies, and materials; determining the acceptability of electrical installations; and
approving electrical risk assessments.
c. A qualified person will be appointed in writing to manage the electrical safety program and will—
(1) Provide issue clarifications and interpretations of electrical safety standards, codes, and requirements.
(2) Approve alternate methods for implementing electrical safety standards and requirements.
(3) Serve as the POC for inquiries, safety concerns, notices, electrical safety bulletins, occurrences, and trends.
(4) Identify, communicate, and elevate to line management, as necessary, violations of electrical safety and identify
requirements for enforcement and correction in a timely manner.
(5) Participate in investigations of electrical incidents/occurrences and contribute to recommended mitigation controls.
(6) Assess status and issues associated with the Army Electrical Safety Program to Army safety management and
recommend resolution.
(7) Establish training priorities and develop training criteria to facilitate success of electrical safety expertise within
the U.S. Army.
d. An electrical safety SME who will—
(1) Serve as a consultant for electrical safety within their domain of expertise including SOP development and safe
work practices.
(2) Assist in hazard identification and control.
(3) Evaluate and approve unlisted electrical equipment.
(4) Clarify electrical codes, standards, and regulations.
(5) Provide electrical safety awareness and competency training.
e. Supervisors who authorize or oversee electrical work who will—
(1) Authorize electrical workers to perform hazardous electrical work after verifying they are qualified, have successfully completed required training, and have the proper tools, PPE, and other resources required to perform their
work safely under an approved SOP.
(2) Maintain electrically safe working conditions in their areas of responsibility and authority, to include the use
of nationally recognized testing laboratory (NRTL)-listed or host country equivalent approved equipment.
(3) Resolve deficiencies noted in electrical inspections and assessments.
(4) Report shocks and mishaps immediately and ensure that any worker receiving an electrical injury or shock
obtain immediate medical attention.
f. Personnel working on energized electrical equipment will maintain proper qualifications, participate in the prejob briefings for each work activity, follow work as described in the SOP to mitigate hazards, and follow controls
including proper use of PPE, stop work immediately when an operation is perceived to present an imminent danger,
and immediately report shock, electrical flash, arcing, or fire incidents.
g. The Electrical Safety Committee (ESC) serves as the governing body to execute the Army Electrical Safety
Program by adjudicating final technical oversight for matters related to electrical safety, guiding implementation of
the Electrical Safety Program, and in the development, maintenance, and revision of institutional electrical safety
requirements. The ESC serves as the AHJ for the Army Electrical Safety Program and provides guidance, assistance,
and support to the Army’s electrical safety office.
h. Training and qualification requirements as follows:
(1) A qualified person is one who has skills and knowledge related to the construction and operation of the electrical
equipment and installations and has received safety training to recognize and avoid electrical hazards. Qualified persons will be trained and re-trained in accordance with applicable consensus standards and NFPA 70E.
(2) An unqualified person is one who does not work close to exposed energized circuits and is untrained in recognizing hazards associated with working on such circuits but may be in the vicinity of qualified personnel close to
exposed energized circuits. Unqualified persons will receive training to include, at a minimum, the recognition of
electrical safety warning signs, the location of shutoff switches and breakers, and emergency call procedures.
(3) All Army personnel will receive general electrical safety training as an element of their organization’s SOH
training program. Training will be specific to the hazards of the command work environment and mission objectives.
Training will include, but is not limited to, common hazards of electricity, the proper use of extension cords, power
strips, surge protectors, adapters, electrical heaters, and other electrical equipment used in the workplace, and appropriate response procedures for electrical mishaps.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

153

(4) Training will be documented and retained in accordance with NFPA 70E.
23–5. General electrical safety requirements
a. Extension cords. Extension cords will comply with the requirements for temporary wiring, as found in NFPA
70E and 29 CFR 1910 Subpart S. Detailed information can be found at https://safety.army.mil/on-duty/workplace/electrical.
(1) Use only polarized extension cords with polarized appliances.
(2) Extension cords in use will be placed as to not create a tripping hazard and will be protected by an NRTL-listed
cord cover if installed in a location in which it could become caught, pulled, or damaged by equipment or personnel.
(3) Portable cordand plug-connected equipment and flexible cord sets (extension cords) will be visually inspected
for external defects daily; worn, defective, or damaged items will be immediately removed from service.
(4) Damaged cords will be discarded. With approval of the AHJ, unique cords may be repaired by qualified personnel in accordance with NEC requirements. Repairs must be inspected and approved by the AHJ.
(5) Only use extension cords of appropriate capacity and length. Cords that become hot while in use will be disconnected immediately. A hot cord is an indication of current overload. Replace extension cord with one of the appropriate capacity for the equipment in use.
(6) Coiled or looped extension cords are prohibited.
(7) Extension cords will not be used in areas where flammable liquids are stored or used unless they are properly
rated in accordance with NFPA 70.
(8) Power strips will only be used for low amperage equipment (for example, computer monitors, fans, computers,
printers, and so forth).
(9) Ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs) will be used with extension cords in wet or damp locations.
b. Adaptors. Three-prong electrical plug adaptors for use in two-prong receptacles are prohibited.
c. Electrical receptacles. All wall and floor receptacles will be installed and used in accordance with NFPA 70
and manufacturer’s instructions.
d. Tools and equipment. Electrical equipment that contains or produces energy greater than 50V alternating current
(AC) or 100V direct current (DC) must meet one of the following conditions to be safe for use:
(1) Listed by an NRTL and used as intended (for example, as described in the manufacturer’s instructions or technical manual). All purchased electrical equipment must be NRTL-listed if available, even if a less expensive unlisted
product is available. NRTL approved equipment is stamped with a listing symbol. NRTL listing symbols can be found
at https://www.osha.gov/dts/otpca/nrtl/nrtllist.html.
(2) Military-unique equipment released to the field under the auspices of AR 770 – 2 and used as intended is considered equivalent to NRTL-listed equipment.
(3) Manufactured by a reputable manufacturer as defined by the AHJ and used as intended.
(4) Inspected, approved, and labeled as safe for its intended use by the AHJ. Requirements and guidance for inspection and approval is found at https://safety.army.mil/on-duty/workplace/electrical. A listing is maintained at that
web location.
e. Authority having jurisdiction equipment. Equipment inspected and approved by the AHJ must be labeled with
name of inspector and date. If representative sample of two units that are built identically are inspected and approved,
the remainder may be assumed to be comparable and put into use following a visual external inspection.
f. Equipment brought into Army facilities. The AHJ of the facility will ensure that electrical equipment brought
into the facility is NRTL-listed or approved by the AHJ.
g. Rental equipment. Rental equipment must be NRTL-listed or approved by the AHJ, as well as inspected by the
AHJ prior to initial use.
h. Outside the United States. Requirements outside the United States are specific to the country of use. Many
countries have safe equipment programs which mirror that of the United States of America, requiring the equivalent
of third-party inspection and approval by recognized testing laboratories. Details for worldwide safe equipment programs and listing symbols, specified by country, are found at https://safety.army.mil/on-duty/workplace/electrical.
Equipment sold in the European Union (EU) bears a CE (European Conformity) marking. CE is not accepted as an
NRTL equivalent by OSHA or the U.S. Army. It is a self-certification by the party who puts the product on the market
in the EU, such as an EU-based manufacturer, importer, or distributor. OSHA requires that electrical equipment
marked with CE be inspected, approved, and labeled safe for use by the AHJ prior to use.
i. Specialized equipment and systems (hospitals, data centers, marine, and boats). Energized equipment such as
lasers, x-rays, and specialized medical equipment may be unlisted. Specialized equipment will be inspected and approved by a qualified SME prior to use. These classes of devices may present lethal electrical hazards due to capacitance; only those inspectors qualified and authorized may inspect such devices.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

154

23–6. Electrical safety in Army facilities installation and infrastructure
a. Guidance. Electrical safety requirements for Army facilities, installations, and infrastructure will be implemented in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 Subpart S, NFPA 70E, NFPA 70, UFC 3 – 560– 01, and HN standards.
b. General requirements for electrically safe work practices.
(1) Control of hazardous energy (lockout/tagout). Commanders of ACOMs, ASCCs, DRUs, and USARC and the
CNGB will establish, document, and implement a lockout/tagout program. The lockout/tagout program will specify
lockout/tagout procedures to safeguard workers from exposure to electrical hazards. The lockout/tagout program will
meet the requirements of NFPA 70E and 29 CFR 1910.147. Guidance and a sample of simple and complex lock out
tagout procedures can be found at https://safety.army.mil/on-duty/workplace/electrical.
(2) Energized electrical work.
(a) All equipment, material, or energized electrical systems operating at voltages equal to or greater than 50 volts
AC or 100V DC will be put into an electrically safe work condition before personnel perform any work on the equipment.
(b) Work on energized equipment will only be permitted when the commander can demonstrate de-energizing the
equipment will introduce additional hazards or increased risk to personnel, or by demonstrating that the task to be
performed is infeasible in a de-energized state due to equipment design or operational limitations.
c. Energized electrical work. All energized electrical work will be completed by trained and qualified personnel
in accordance with NFPA 70E and will require an approved energized electrical work permit. Refer to
https://safety.army.mil/on-duty/workplace/electrical.
d. Electrical safety signage and boundaries.
(1) Signage for electrical equipment or systems will be developed and posted in accordance with 29 CFR 1910
Subpart S, NFPA 70, ANSI Z535.2, and ANSI Z535.4.
(2) Approach boundaries for energized electrical equipment circuits or circuit parts posing a shock hazard (limited,
restricted, or prohibited approach) or arch flash hazard will be established and posted in accordance with NFPA 70E.
e. Arc flash risk assessment. Arc flash risk assessment will be performed on all facility electrical systems in accordance with NFPA 70E.
f. Temporary wiring. Temporary electrical power and lighting wiring methods will comply with 29 CFR
1910.305(a)(2) and NFPA 70.
g. Permanent wiring. Methods for the installation, repair, and maintenance of electrical wiring will comply with
29 CFR 1910 Subpart S and NFPA 70 or HN standards and regulations which take precedence.
h. Grounding.
(1) Premise wiring grounding systems. Premise wiring grounding systems that supply premises wiring will be
performed as follows:
(a) All three-wire DC systems will have their neutral conductor grounded.
(b) Two-wire DC systems operating at over 50V through 300V between conductors will be grounded unless they
supply only industrial equipment in limited areas and are equipped with a ground detector, they are rectifier-derived
from an AC system complying with 29 CFR 1910.304(g)(1)(iii) through 29 CFR 1910.304(g)(1)(v), or they are fire
alarm circuits having a maximum current of 0.030 amperes.
(c) AC systems of 50V to 1000V will be grounded as follows:
1. The system will be grounded so that the maximum voltage to ground on the ungrounded conductors does not
exceed 150V.
2. If the system is nominally rated three-phase, four-wire connected in which the neutral is used as a circuit conductor; if the system is nominally rated three-phase, four-wire delta connected in which the midpoint of one phase is
used as a circuit conductor; or if a service conductor is uninsulated.
(d) AC systems of 50V to 1000V are not required to be grounded under any of the following conditions:
1. If the system is used exclusively to supply industrial electric furnaces for melting, refining, tempering, and the
like.
2. If the system is separately derived and is used exclusively for rectifiers supplying only adjustable speed industrial
drives.
3. If the system is separately derived and is supplied by a transformer that has a primary voltage rating less than
1000V, provided the entire system is used exclusively for control circuits; the conditions of maintenance and supervision ensure that only qualified persons will service the installation, continuity of control power is required, and
ground detectors are installed on the control system.
(2) Facility grounding systems.
(a) Install and maintain facility grounding systems in accordance with NFPA 70. All grounding points within a
facility will be electrically continuous to a grounding (earth) electrode. The resistance measured from the facility’s

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

155

most remote grounding point to each electrode should not exceed 2 ohms. The resistance of the grounding electrode
to earth should not exceed 25 ohms.
1. Ground mobile facilities in accordance with their operating instructions. If used, ground the power generator to
a ground system. If the generator and vehicle are sited less than 25 feet (7.6 m) apart, either a common ground will be
used or the two ground systems will be connected with bare copper cable, American wire gauge #6 or larger. If commercial power is used, ground the vehicle to the commercial ground conductor at the first service disconnect.
2. Metal frames of electric equipment and tools, such as handheld power tools, must be connected to a grounding
conductor (for example, they must contain a three-wire power cord and plug). Grounding is not required for those
portable tools in good condition that are NRTL-listed and used within specification.
3. Maintenance activities will maintain a file of up-to-date descriptions of all facility grounding installations, such
as construction specifications and drawings, blueprints, work orders, and so forth. Installation engineers or other qualified personnel (as determined by local policy) should annually inspect grounding systems for compliance with appropriate standards, including conductor continuity. Conduct continuity inspections with a low-resistance ohmmeter.
This will include nonpermanent facilities.
4. DA Pam 385 –64 describes additional mandatory procedures for grounding operations in explosives safety operations.
i. Bonding. Take caution to ensure that the main bonding jumper and equipment bonding jumper are sized and
selected correctly. (See NFPA 70, Article 250.) Bonding completes the grounding circuit so that it is continuous. If a
ground fault occurs, the fault current will flow and open the overcurrent protection devices. The means of bonding
will provide the following to ensure the grounding system is intact:
(1) A permanent connection.
(2) A positive continuity at all times.
(3) Ampacity to conduct fault current.
23–7. Power line safety
a. Overhead power lines.
(1) Power lines are to be treated as energized unless the owner of the utility confirms that the power line has been
and continues to be de-energized or it has been tested and confirmed to be de-energized by qualified personnel.
(2) Operators of material handling equipment or other equipment which may come in contact with overhead power
lines will maintain a 20-foot clearance from the utility at all times or follow minimum approach clearance distances
per 29 CFR 1926.1408. The greater of the two distances will be followed.
b. Damaged or downed power lines.
(1) Damaged or downed power lines will be reported to the electrical utility through the appropriate chain of command.
(2) Do not assume a downed power line is de-energized.
(3) Do not touch a downed power line unless it is determined to be safe through safe work practices performed by
qualified personnel. Do not drive over a downed power line.
(4) Do not touch low hanging wires.
23–8. Batteries and battery banks
Technical guidance on safe working procedures with batteries and battery banks can be found at
https://safety.army.mil/on-duty/workplace/electrical.
a. Follow all safety precautions in the user instructions provided with military batteries. Follow manufacturer’s
user instructions and safety precautions with commercial batteries. If no precautions or instructions are provided, the
following guidance will be used:
(1) Exposed terminals will be protected from incidental contact.
(2) Do not use combinations of new and used batteries or batteries comprised of different chemistries.
(3) Do not puncture or intentionally damage batteries.
(4) Protect batteries from exposure to excessive heat or fire.
(5) Dispose of batteries in accordance with locally established procedures.
b. Electrical safety requirements to safeguard personnel while working with exposed stationary storage batteries
that exceed 50 volts are found in NFPA 70E, Article 320.
23–9. Electrical safety in tactical operations
Electrical safety work practice requirements apply to tactical military operations, especially in areas that require classified wiring for wet and damp locations. In situations where normal, safe work practices are not feasible. RM

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

156

processes will be used under written direction from the commander to identify and assess electrical hazards and implement additional mitigation controls.
a. Army equipment will be used in accordance with the system technical manuals, including maintenance instructions. Personnel will be trained and qualified to properly use or maintain equipment.
b. Commercial equipment will be used and maintained be in accordance with the manufacturer’s specification,
instructions, and precautions. Operators and maintainers will be trained and qualified.
c. Tactical radio antennas will be used as follows:
(1) Follow precautions found in system technical manuals. If unknown, keep antenna masts twice their height away
from power lines and other exposed electrical parts.
(2) Maintain antenna profile down as low as possible for vehicular and man-pack radio antennas. Tie vehicle
mounted antennas where possible. Do not grab or hold the antenna down during movement. Accidental antenna contact with power lines or other energized parts can be fatal.
(3) Do not assume plastic or fiberglass-coated antennas are safe for power line contact.
(4) Should a vehicle or its antenna contact an overhead line, do not exit the vehicle unless it is immobile or on fire.
Do not touch the antenna or attempt to move it; instead, move the vehicle to break contact. If exit from the vehicle is
necessary, do not touch the ground and vehicle at the same time. Land with both feet together and shuffle in small
steps to avoid step potential hazards from electrified ground. Be careful to maintain balance.
(5) Should contact with an overhead line occur, do not make physical contact with a victim or render aid to victims
until power is off or contact is removed and the area is safe to enter. You will become a victim if you contact an
electrified victim or vehicle.
23–10. Electrical safety in contingency operations
All components of contingency base operations will comply with federal, DoD, and Army electrical standards including all chapters in this regulation. Components of contingency base operations will not provide an unsafe condition or
unnecessary risk to personnel. Commanders will develop electrical safety policy, procedures, and responsibilities to
identify and mitigate electrical safety hazards.
a. Electrical equipment associated with force provider expeditionary (FPE) shelters (circuits, receptacles, cord connectors, switches, wiring, and so forth) will be grounded in accordance with NFPA 70. Ground fault protection will
be provided as required by NFPA 70, especially when within 6 feet (1.8 m) of water or wet areas. All electrical wiring
and live parts will be protected and covered in accordance with NFPA 70. Lightning protection will be installed in all
FPE shelters in accordance with NFPA 780.
b. System safety engineers will ensure electrical standards are met during review of all components of the FPE
shelter at each development stage and prior to fielding.
c. Conduct risk assessments prior to placement of FPE shelters in accordance with chapter 6 of this regulation and
ATP 5 –19.
d. Equipment will be NRTL-listed and used as intended or inspected and approved as safe for intended use by the
AHJ.
e. Contingency construction standards for electrical installations are designed to safeguard electrical hazards by
regulating the safe design, construction, and installation of electrical systems and equipment.
(1) Electrical systems will not be erected, constructed, altered, extended, repaired, moved, removed, or demolished
in any facility without prior approval from the base operations support commander or designated representative.
(2) The Base Camp Master Plan construction standard will regulate the design, construction, and installation of
electrical systems as the project pertains to initial, temporary, or semipermanent contingency construction. All contingency construction must meet personnel and equipment safety requirements for bonding, grounding, and safe building practices.
(3) All workers will comply with the requirements in UFC 3 – 560 – 01. This includes safe clearance and lockout
and/or tagout procedures, and arc flash PPE requirements. Service contracts and contracts involving construction or
dismantling, demolition, or removal of improvements that involve electrical work will include a provision for compliance with UFC 3 – 560 –01.
(4) Electrical work will be inspected and tested by a qualified electrician before occupancy or acceptance. The
inspection will be commensurate with United States and HN requirements, as applicable. No person will make connections from a utility or source of energy, fuel, or power to any building or system that has not been inspected and
accepted by a qualified person that has conducted such tests to ensure buildings are in compliance with the construction
standards.
(5) All manufactured buildings will have a single point to disconnect power at the service entry.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

157

(6) All electrical work will comply with electrical requirements and code of the HN, NFPA 70, or BS 7671. See
https://safety.army.mil/on-duty/workplace/electrical for additional guidance. In general, the HN code will be used in
countries with an existing electrical code; NFPA 70 will be used in countries where 60 Hz power is predominant (but
the country does not have an established electric code) and BS 7671 will be used in countries where 50 Hz power is
predominant (but no electric code exists).
(7) In any of these instances it is possible to use NFPA 70 if the command deems necessary. Where there is conflict
between a general requirement and a specific requirement, the more stringent requirement will be applicable. In any
instances where wiring based on different codes will be joined, the different codes will be documented and forwarded
through the base operations support commander to the appropriate Service representative of the Tri-Service Electrical
Working Group (TSEWG) for a decision as to which code will be used before work commences.
(8) For any expeditionary operating area, the commander will establish a task force with the mission of accessing
and analyzing fire and electrical safety issues and directing action to reduce risk. The organization will have master
electricians versed in other code requirements for bonding and grounding (for example, BS 7671) and they will be
utilized as the U.S. Government’s quality assurance for electrical work in theater. At a minimum, fault current calculations and grounding impedance readings will be included as part of acceptance testing. The contractor who provides
these assets must not be the contractor currently contracted to perform the electrical work.
(9) The commander may create a theater arbitration cell and staff to provide oversight for electrical work associated
with contingency construction and maintenance-related projects, which cannot comply with NFPA 70. The theater
arbitration cell will also include AHJ personnel. The AHJ personnel will process and review deviation requests. The
AHJ personnel will forward the deviation request and recommendations to the TSEWG for final risk determination
and acceptance. The TSEWG is responsible for all DoD unified electrical criteria. The theater ASCC will be responsible for coordinating with TSEWG and disseminating and maintaining records of all deviation rulings.
(10) See mandatory procedures in DA Pam 385 – 64 and supporting regulations for bonding and grounding of explosive and ammunition facilities and operations.

Chapter 24
Emergency Planning
24–1. Introduction
Emergency planning establishes the procedures and processes that an organization will follow when responding to an
emergency. The goal of emergency planning is to protect life, health, property, and to restore normal operations as
soon as possible. The emergency planning process is documented in the emergency plan. The emergency plan should
address immediate response actions to protect life and property, and longer-term actions to manage full recovery
operations, whether the incident has only local effects or has impact on a broader, regional, or even national basis.
The goal is to provide short-term relief immediately while putting into place the necessary actions to maintain or
restore full operational capability. This chapter provides general principles that should be followed when developing
an emergency plan as required in this chapter and AR 525 – 27.
24–2. Functions
During emergencies, there is often the need for action from many different responders. Personnel and equipment from
police, fire units, engineering, facilities maintenance/public works, medical, recovery, HAZMAT response teams,
EOD, public affairs, and other specialties may be required to respond, depending on the nature of the hazard.
a. The commander will ensure that emergency preparedness is part of the command’s critical operations and will
receive reports of the status of emergency preparedness and associated planning on a regular basis. One means of
ensuring the effectiveness of emergency planning is to have regular exercises to test planning. At a minimum, command post exercises (CPXs) should be conducted annually and a full operational exercise involving all elements of
the plan should be conducted every 3 years or shortly after a major revision of the plan.
b. The commander will ensure that there are resources available to execute the emergency plan. Resources that
must be available are determined by the hazards addressed by the emergency plan, but generally will include emergency response personnel and equipment (for example, fire, police, medical) and their associated equipment, other
support (for example, kitchen, housing, utility), media relations (for example, newspaper, television, radio) and management (someone in charge).
c. A good emergency plan will address each threat or hazard that has been determined to be a valid risk. These may
include such elements as natural disaster (for example, tornado, hurricane, earthquake, and so on), accidental release
of HAZMAT (for example, chemical; petroleum, oil, and lubricants; radiological), mishaps (aircraft crash, ground

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

158

vehicle crash), fire, mass power outages, and other viable elements. The emergency plan will address each threat that
has been determined to be a viable risk, appendixes may be used as necessary.
d. The emergency plan will also address the process to be followed to return to normal operations. For minor
incidents, the return to normal operations may not require major effort.
(1) A major incident (generally one that cannot be resolved by routine emergency response arrangements) will
most likely require the implementation of special procedures to return to full operation.
(2) The emergency plan will provide the guidance required to establish the mechanism for recovery. For example,
the loss of hangars and aircraft from a tornado requires an extensive effort to return to combat ready status that may
include requesting budget assistance from DA and DoD. Recovery from the loss of a single vehicle obviously requires
a much smaller commitment of management and personnel to recover.
(3) Emergency planning must take into consideration the surrounding civilian community and the environment.
Planning for major incidents may include coordination with civilian authorities to share resources (both to and from
the civilian community, as required). Volunteer organizations such as the Salvation Army and Red Cross may also
become elements of the response and recovery operation. Coordination with civilian government organizations (city,
county, state, and national) should be part of the emergency planning process.
(4) Emergency planning must consider relocating to an alternate location if all operations cease and all or most
employees are incapacitated at the affected location.
24–3. Elements of emergency planning
a. Emergency planning and preparedness have as the basis of the process a need for speed and flexibility at the
local operational level, the ability to provide assistance across organizational boundaries (for example, military-civilian and so on) and an ability to manage the operation to provide operational, tactical, and strategic guidance. Emergency planning is not a one-time thing. An emergency plan must be reviewed and updated regularly as new threats
and hazards become known and as old ones become less of a risk. All personnel will participate in an evacuation drill
at least annually. Paragraphs 24–3b through 24–3f describe the parts to emergency planning.
b. Risk assessment is the first step in emergency planning. Risk assessment begins with identifying the hazards
present in the organization/command and its operational environment, including combat associated hazards. Each
hazard identified will—
(1) Be studied and ranked according to the risk proposed by the hazard.
(2) Assess the personnel, equipment, facilities, and other infrastructure that are vulnerable.
(3) Have a written hazard analysis prepared that quantifies the overall risk to the organization/command for each
hazard. By quantifying the risk, emergency planning can be based on realistic threats and be made proportional to the
risk.
c. Each organization and sub-organization must complete a risk assessment to identify the hazards present within
their operations to aid with the development of the overall emergency plan. The hazard analysis will address the
following:
(1) What can occur? (Identify the hazards including natural, terrorist threats, manmade.)
(2) How often it is likely to occur? (Profile each hazard including magnitude, duration, speed of development, and
seasonal pattern.)
(3) What damage is it likely to cause? (Develop an installation/command/community profile that addresses geography, property, infrastructure, demographics, and resources available.)
(4) How is it likely to affect the community? (Determine vulnerability using standard categories: catastrophic,
critical, limited, and negligible.)
(5) How vulnerable is the installation/command/community to the hazard? (Create and apply scenarios that address
first warning of emergency, potential impact, potential damage/causalities/loss of services, and actions/resources
needed to respond to the emergency.)
(6) Developing the emergency plan, including functional annexes, hazard-specific sections, and implementing instructions commences as the hazards and associated risks become known. Included as an essential part of the plan will
be plans for eliminating, reducing, controlling, or mitigating the effects of each hazard. The emergency plan has to
address the action(s) required in case of an incident.
(7) Major incident plans will—
(a) Define the response that will be made to the incident, incorporating the rules of integrated emergency management (assess the incident, prevention actions, preparation required to respond to an incident, the response mechanism,
and plans to recover from the incident).
(b) Incorporate the protocols for working within different functions, commands, and civilian agencies and the U.S.
Government (as appropriate).

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

159

(c) Identify technical experts (for example, public affairs, explosive safety, crowd control, policy) in areas where
expertise may be needed and the procedures for contacting and obtaining their input (technical experts include not
only how to physically deal with the incident, but with crowd control/policy action, public affairs, and so on).
(d) Describe the process for recovery and restoration to return to full operationally ready status.
(e) Be compatible with commands/organizations above/below the actionable command and with surrounding community.
(f) Be in compliance with all laws and federal regulations.
(g) Be exercised and reviewed by experts, signed by the commander, and tested as established in AR 525 –27.
(h) Include continuity of operations. The emergency plan has to address the process by which the command will
either remain in operational status or return to operational status as soon as possible. The emergency plan should
address human resources, devolution, alternate facilities, facilities, logistics, equipment, utilities, communications,
and chain of command.
d. The plan will include references to all laws, regulations, EOs, and other authorities that form the legal basis for
the plan.
e. Testing the emergency plan is an essential part of the planning process. It is through testing, both CPX and
operational type of testing, that weakness is most likely to be uncovered. Areas where the plan is unclear—not providing sufficient guidance and areas where the plan does not work—will surface during testing. From testing lessons
learned are produced that can then be used to adjust and modify the plan. AARs will be completed after each CPX or
emergency drill with any issues/deficiencies integrated into lessons learned and the emergency plan updated, as required.
f. Review and update the plan regularly to reflect changing hazards, technology, and resources. An updated emergency plan should reflect the most recent information available about every hazard in the original plan, as well as
including hazards that may have entered into the picture since the plan was first drafted.
24–4. Coordination
a. Emergency planning has to be a team effort. A typical emergency planning team will consist of representatives
from all aspects of the command and the civilian community (as required). Different aspects of the plan require input
from different specialty areas. Expertise may be required as the hazards are incorporated into the emergency planning
process such as:
(1) Police.
(2) Fire.
(3) Medical.
(4) HAZMAT coordinator.
(5) Aviation.
(6) Explosives safety.
(7) Safety.
(8) Health physicist/RSO.
(9) Public works.
(10) Community affairs.
(11) Public information office.
(12) Environmental office.
(13) Legal office.
(14) Others (including surrounding civilian community representatives).
b. The emergency plan has to be coordinated with all involved agencies within the installation/command/organization. The final plan will be approved and signed by the commander.
(1) During the coordination process every effort should be made for all members of the team to agree on terminology, mission, and a commitment to rapid and full response to maintaining and validating the plan.
(2) The team has to agree on the command structure that will be put in place should an emergency occur. Agreement by each element of the response team to implement the plan and follow through as required is essential and must
be part of the coordination effort.
(3) Once the emergency plan has been approved it will be distributed to all organizations involved in the emergency
planning effort. The letter distributing the plan should be signed by the commander and include instructions for all
elements of the command to implement the plan.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

160

Chapter 25
Fire and Emergency Services
25–1. General
a. The F&ES Program provides structural, aircraft fire and rescue, wildland fire response, and control and extinguishment of fires when necessary to protect people, property, equipment, or mission capability. Additionally, F&ES
will provide first response capabilities to fire-related/HAZMAT/weapons of mass destruction incidents in an all-hazards environment.
b. F&ES is a critical partner of the Army safety community. The F&ES Program, under DoDI 6055.06, is managed
at the higher headquarters programmatic level by the DCS, G – 9. The DCS, G – 9 is the AHJ for the U.S. Army as
assigned in Department of the Army General Orders 2020 – 01. At the installation/activity level, management and
administration of F&ES should involve effective communication and collaboration between the garrison commander
and the installation fire chief as outlined in AR 420 – 1.
c. F&ES programs include, but are not limited to:
(1) Management.
(2) Fire prevention services.
(3) Fire safety deficiencies.
(4) Risk assessment coding.
(5) F&ES training.
(6) Aircraft rescue firefighting.
(7) EMS (EMS-as provided off of a fire apparatus).
(8) Blood borne pathogens.
(9) Emergency dispatches services.
(10) Wildland firefighting.
(11) HAZMAT.
(12) Fire protection systems.
(13) Water distribution systems.
(14) Weapons of mass destruction.
(15) CBRNE.
25–2. Deployed Fire and Emergency Services
a. The installation fire chief will meet with the local safety office on a regular basis. The purpose of these meetings
is to collaborate and coordinate on the programs listed in paragraph 25 – 1 and services as applicable for the local
installation. The installation fire chief is the final authority to determine the RAC on fire safety deficiencies. Installations that do not have a DoD F&ES Program will develop a local mutual aid agreement. Additional information on
these programs can be found in AR 420 – 1.
b. Firefighting involving munitions (AE) at deployed locations will adhere to the following:
(1) Advanced planning is essential for firefighting operations that may involve munitions in storage or areas known
or suspected to contain UXO or discarded military munitions (for example, operational range impact areas, former
impact areas). Servicing fire departments will be informed of the munitions operating facilities and areas where munitions (for example, UXO) are known or suspected to be present. (See DESR 6055.09 and mandatory procedures in
DA Pam 385 – 64.)
(2) As a general rule, fires within munitions operating facilities (for example, storage, production, demilitarization
areas) that do not directly involve munitions or in which heat from a fire is not affecting the munitions may be fought.
(3) Fires directly involving munitions or supplying heat to munitions or that are too large to be extinguished with
the equipment at hand will not be fought as determined by the installation fire chief or senior fire officer. In such
cases, firefighters and firefighting equipment and other personnel must be evacuated in compliance with the senior
commander ESMP and evacuation plans that provide the required withdrawal distances.
(4) Senior firefighting personnel should assess whether to fight a fire involving areas known or suspected to contain
munitions; however, such fires should not normally be fought. Areas affected by fires that are not fought will be
evacuated and not entered until the area has cooled for at least 24 hours.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

161

Chapter 26
Contract Safety
26–1. Requirements for contract safety
a. Contracts will require that contracted activities be conducted in a manner that minimizes the potential for mishaps, impacts on Army operations or critical assets, and unacceptable risk to human health and the environment.
b. As a point of information to Army personnel, contractors comply with contract SOH requirements and applicable
federal, state, and local laws, regulations, codes, and standards, including SOH requirements.
c. In accordance with 40 USC 3704 and 48 CFR 36.513, 52.236 – 13, 323.70, and 352.223 – 70, contractors are
responsible for safety and health risks to their personnel and the protection of the public, except where DoD has
contractually agreed to assume responsibility for the contract employee’s health and safety. DoD (Army) responsibilities for the safety and health of contractor operations are generally limited to protecting DoD operations and the safety
of DoD personnel, facilities, and equipment.
d. DoDM 4145.26 provides safety standards common to DoD and private industry AE operations, and facilities
performing AE work or AE services under DoD contracts, subcontracts, purchase orders, or other procurement methods. DFARS 223.370 requires contracting officers to incorporate DoDM 4145.26 al in all AE procurement actions.
The purchasing activity may include additional AE or related safety requirements that are not inconsistent with DoDM
4145.26 as it deems necessary.
e. For contractor personnel accompanying U.S. military forces in deployments, follow procedures in DoDI
3020.41and DoDI 6490.03.
f. Contract SOH clauses.
(1) Clauses outlining contractor safety requirements and responsibilities will be included in solicitations and contracts as prescribed by the FAR and the DFARS.
(2) Requiring activities will develop performance work statements, contract instructions, and conditions that outline contractor safety requirements and responsibilities based on a risk assessment of the work to be performed and
activity and/or command-unique requirements.
(3) CORs, requiring activity, and/or the Defense Contract Management Agency, in consultation with local SOH
SMEs, will develop additional and necessary clauses to mitigate risk to government-owned equipment, protect government property and onsite Army personnel from accidental losses, protect the public, and, as applicable, protect the
production base. This includes mishap reporting requirements and procedures when contractor mishap reporting is a
contract requirement.
g. SOH SMEs will consult with contracting officers to ensure that clauses for safety are included in solicitations
and contracts. SOH SMEs will assist CORs with monitoring contract SOH compliance.
h. Army standards, such as this regulation, should not be referenced as a contract requirement unless the contractor
is hired to perform SOH services for DA. The requirements in this regulation do not apply to contractor personnel
unless specifically cited in the contract. Contracts for munitions operating facilities (for example, production, storage,
demilitarization) that will be conducted within a DoD installation will require compliance with DoD and Army explosives safety criteria.
i. The COR will inform the requiring activity of instances where the contractor has been notified to take immediate
action to correct serious or imminent danger conditions.
j. Army SOH professionals will be trained in contracting principles and procedures and contract safety requirements and processes. At the minimum, SOH professionals with responsibilities in contracting will complete the Army
Contract Safety Course.
k. Under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, all employers must comply with OSHA standards and
exercise reasonable diligence to determine whether violations of those standards exist. On multiemployer work sites,
more than one employer may be considered responsible for a hazardous condition that violates an OSHA standard.
l. Pursuant to 32 CFR 655.10, contractors are required to have appropriate licensing and approvals for possession
and use of RAM and RGDs.
m. Pursuant to 32 CFR 655.10, contractors will not possess or use RAM under Army NRC licensing or RGDs
under ARAs without the Army NRC licensee or ARA manager approval.
26–2. Army oversight and inspections of contractor operations
a. Army oversight of contractor operations. Pursuant to law, federal regulations, and DoD policy, Army oversight
of contractor operations is restricted to the following instances:
(1) Where the U.S. Army has statutory authority for oversight, for example, the manufacture or demilitarization of
munitions (see DoDM 4145.26).
AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

162

(2) DoD components may establish additional oversight of contractor operations where they determine it is in the
best interest of DoD. In making this determination, the DoD components must consider the relative merits of DoD
oversight leading to lower mishap losses, improved services, and ultimate savings to the government, versus the liability for legal and tort claims and compensation liability by acting as a controlling employer. DoD responsibilities
must be clearly stated in contract language, including DoD contractor personnel deploying with the force in accordance with DoDI 3020.41. Army oversight has historically contributed to lower mishap rates among certain contractor
employees, on-time delivery of products and services (increased readiness), and ultimate savings to the U.S. Government.
(3) Where Army has contractually agreed to assume responsibility for the contractor employee’s health and safety
(see DoDI 6055.01). For example, contractor personnel deploying with the force where contract terms specify DoD
responsibility for the safety and health of contractor personnel in accordance with DoDI 3020.41.
(4) Protecting DoD operations and the safety of DoD personnel, facilities, and equipment (see DoDI 6055.01).
(5) When there is a requirement to provide oversight of GOCO facilities, for example, under an Army NRC license
(see NRC license requirements).
b. Federal and state oversight. DoD contractors operating on DoD facilities are subject to the authorities of federal
and state safety and health officials in accordance with 29 USC Chapter 15, as specified in DoDI 6055.01.
(1) Federal and state OSHA officials must be granted access to DoD contractor workplaces on DoD installations
without delay and at reasonable times.
(2) 29 USC Chapter 15 does not authorize the U.S. Secretary of Labor to assert authority over working conditions
for which another federal agency or any state agency acting under 42 USC exercises statutory authority to prescribe
or enforce standards or regulations affecting SOH.
(3) Pursuant to 33 USC 941, when contractor work is performed aboard vessels in dry dock or afloat within federal
maritime jurisdiction, OSHA standards apply and inspections and investigations may be performed by federal OSHA
officials.
(4) Contractors have the responsibility of responding to any citations issued by federal or state OSHA officials for
violations of applicable standards.
(5) Pursuant to DoDI 6055.01, information regarding citations issued to Army contractors for violations of federal
or state OSHA standards involving Army-furnished equipment, facilities, or other property will be referred to all
appropriate personnel, to include the COR and contracting officer, for appropriate action.
c. Inspection of contract activities.
(1) In peacetime operations performed within the United States, the contractor is responsible directly to federal or
state OSHA officials for the safety and health of the contractors’ employees.
(2) The Army will conduct safety and health evaluations of all workplaces and operations where Army personnel
are regularly employed at fixed installations during peacetime operations and, to the extent feasible, to wartime and
peacekeeping operations. Inspections of workplaces and operations on contractor facilities where fewer than 25 Army
personnel are employed will be at the ACOM, ASCC, or DRU commander or the CNGB’s discretion based on existing
conditions and potential risks. While no formal annual inspection is required, the U.S. Army is required to ensure the
safety and health of their personnel in the contractor facility. In addition, evaluations will include determining if contractor operations jeopardize the safety and health of Army personnel and endanger Army property.
(3) Risk assessments and dosimetry of environmental and occupational chemical, radiological, biological, and
physical hazards to Army personnel and supporting Army contractor personnel during force deployments outside the
United States and construction of prospective health surveillance epidemiology databases will be accomplished under
DoDI 6050.05 and DoDI 6490.03. Risk assessments of toxic hazards to which Army personnel and contractors are
exposed during wartime and other contingency operations should cover all aspects of the potential hazard, from the
source and levels of exposure to health effects of individuals and groups.
(4) In peacetime operations within the United States, Army SOH programs will not perform any measurements;
that is, perform worker exposure monitoring of contractor worker exposure to Army equipment, unless specifically
provided for in contracts between the U.S. Government and the contractor.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

163

Appendix A
References
Section I
Required Publications
Unless otherwise indicated, DA publications are available on the Army Publishing Directorate website at
https://armypubs.army.mil/. The CFR is available at https://www.ecfr.gov/. DoD issuances are available at
https://www.esd.whs.mil/dd/. The USC is available at https://uscode.house.gov/.
ADP 5–0
The Operations Process (Cited in para 12 – 1.)
ADP 6–0
Mission Command: Command and Control of Army Forces (Cited in para 12 – 1.)
AF Pam 91–206
Participation in Military or Civil Aircraft or Space Safety Investigations (Cited in para 3–13h.) (Available at
https://www.e-publishing.af.mil/.)
AR 11–35
Occupational and Environmental Health Risk Management (Cited in para 12– 1.)
AR 15–6
Procedures for Administrative Investigations and Boards of Officers (Cited in para 3–19b.)
AR 15–39
Department of the Army Intergovernmental and Intragovernmental Committee Management Program (Cited on title
page.)
AR 20–1
Inspector General Activities and Procedures (Cited in para 2–7b.)
AR 25–400–2
Army Records Management Program (Cited in para 3 – 28.)
AR 27–20
Claims (Cited in para 3–19d.)
AR 27–40
Litigation (Cited in para 3–23f.)
AR 40–5
Army Public Health Program (Cited in para 2–7c.)
AR 40–8
Temporary Flying Restriction Due to Exogenous Factors Affecting Aircrew Efficiency (Cited in para 18–7d.)
AR 40–10
Health Hazard Assessment Program in Support of the Army Acquisition Process (Cited in para 2–23j.)
AR 40–66
Medical Record Administration and Healthcare Documentation (Cited in para 3–23g(3)(c).)
AR 40–400
Patient Administration (Cited in para 16–18f(3).)
AR 50–5
Nuclear Surety (Cited in table 3 – 1.)
AR 50–6
Chemical Surety (Cited in para 2–17a(8).)
AR 50–7
Army Reactor Program (Cited in table 3 –1.)

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

164

AR 56–3
Management of Army Rail Equipment (Cited in table 3 – 1.)
AR 56–9
Army Intratheater Watercraft Systems (Cited in table 3 – 1.)
AR 58–1
Management, Acquisition, and Use of Motor Vehicles (Cited in paras 13–3e.)
AR 70–1
Army Acquisition Policy (Cited in para 16–2a.)
AR 75–1
Malfunctions Involving Ammunition and Explosives (Cited in para 2–17a(6).)
AR 95–1
Flight Regulations (Cited in para 3–7b(1).)
AR 190–5/OPNAV 11200.5D/AFI 31–218(1)/MCO 5110.1D/DLAR 5720.1
Motor Vehicle Traffic Supervision (Cited in para 13–5d.)
AR 200–1
Environmental Protection and Enhancement (Cited in paras 16–2f.)
AR 360–1
The Army Public Affairs Program (Cited in paras 16–16d(5).)
AR 385–63/MCO 3570.1C
Range Safety (Cited in para 17–4f.)
AR 420–1
Army Facilities Management (Cited in table 3 – 1.)
AR 525–27
Army Emergency Management Program (Cited in para 24 –1.)
AR 600–3
The Army Personnel Development System (Cited in para 5–4d.)
AR 600–8–22
Military Awards (Cited in para 5–12d.)
AR 611–75
Management of Army Divers (Cited in table 3 – 1.)
AR 690–11
Department of the Army Expeditionary Civilian Workforce and Civilian Deployments, in Support of Military Contingency and Emergency Operations (Cited in para 12 – 9.)
AR 690–950
Career Program Management (Cited in para 5–4h(2).)
AR 700–13
Worldwide Department of Defense Military Munitions (Ammunition) Logistics/Surveillance/Explosives Safety Review and Technical Assistance Program (Cited in para 22–6a.)
AR 700–48
Management of Radiologically Contaminated Equipment Outside the United States (Cited in para 2–17a(13).)
AR 710–3
Inventory Management Asset and Transaction Reporting System (Cited in para 16–3k(7).)
AR 750–1
Army Materiel Maintenance Policy (Cited in para 3–10a.)
AR 750–43
Army Test, Measurement, and Diagnostic Equipment (Cited in para 2–17a(11).)

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

165

AR 770–2
Materiel Fielding (Cited in para 19–3g(4).)
Army Directive 2016–24
Department of Defense Biological Select Agent and Toxins Biosafety Program (Cited in para 2–13l.)
ATP 4–43
Petroleum Supply Operations (Cited in para 13–12c.)
ATP 5–19
Risk Management (Cited in para 4–5a.)
ATP 7–22.01
Holistic Health and Fitness Drills and Exercises (Cited in para 12 –7.)
DA Pam 40–8
Occupational Health Guidelines for the Evaluation and Control of Occupational Exposure to Nerve Agents GA, GB,
GD, and VX (Cited in para 2–7c.)
DA Pam 40–11
Army Public Health Program (Cited in para 2–7c.)
DA Pam 40–173
Occupational Health Guidelines for the Evaluation and Control of Occupational Exposure to Mustard Agents H, HD,
and HT (Cited in para 2–7c.)
DA Pam 40–503
The Army Industrial Hygiene Program (Cited in para 20–13e.)
DA Pam 40–506
The Army Vision Conservation and Readiness Program (Cited in para 17–3b(11).)
DA Pam 70–3
Army Acquisition Procedures (Cited in para 16–2a.)
DA Pam 385–10
Army Safety Program (Cited in para 1–7a.)
DA Pam 385–16
System Safety Management Guide (Cited in para 1–7e.)
DA Pam 385–40
Army Mishap Investigations and Reporting (Cited in para 1–7e.)
DA Pam 385–63
Range Safety (Cited in para 1–7e.)
DA Pam 385–64
Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards (Cited in para 1–7d.)
DA Pam 385–69
Safety Standards for Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (Cited in para 1–7e.)
DA Pam 750–8
The Army Maintenance Management System (TAMMS) User’s Manual (Cited in para 3–10a.)
DoDD 4715.11
Environmental and Explosives Safety Management on Operational Ranges Within the United States (Cited in para
16–27a.)
DoDD 4715.12
Environmental and Explosives Safety Management on Operational Ranges Outside the United States (Cited in para
16–27a.)
DoDD 6055.09E
Explosives Safety Management (ESM) (Cited in para 2–1c.)

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

166

DoDI 3020.41
Operational Contract Support (OCS) (Cited in para 26–2a(2).)
DoDI 4715.27
DoD Low-Level Radioactive Waste (LLRW) Program (Cited in para 2–4a(17).)
DoDI 5000.02
Operation of the Adaptive Acquisition Framework (Cited in para 2–2a(2).)
DoDI 5000.69
DoD Joint Services Weapon and Laser System Safety Review Processes (Cited on title page.)
DoDI 5000.81
Urgent Capability Acquisition (Cited in para 2–2a(2).)
DoDI 5000.82
Requirements for the Acquisition of Digital Capabilities (Cited in para 2–2a(2).)
DoDI 5000.83
Technology and Program Protection to Maintain Technological Advantage (Cited in para 2–2a(2).)
DoDI 5000.85
Major Capability Acquisition (Cited in para 2–2a(2).)
DoDI 5000.88
Engineering of Defense Systems (Cited in para 2–2a(2).)
DoDI 5000.89
Test and Evaluation (Cited in para 2–2a(2).)
DoDI 5000.90
Cybersecurity for Acquisition Decision Authorities and Program Managers (Cited in para 2–2a(2).)
DoDI 5210.88
Security Standards for Safeguarding Biological Select Agents and Toxins (BSAT) (Cited in para 2–1d.)
DoDI 6050.05
DoD Hazard Communication (HAZCOM) Program (Cited in para 9 – 1.)
DoDI 6055.01
DoD Safety and Occupational Health (SOH) Program (Cited on title page.)
DoDI 6055.04
DoD Motor Vehicle and Traffic Safety (Cited on title page.)
DoDI 6055.05
Occupational and Environmental Health (OEH) (Cited in para 17–3b(4)(b).)
DoDI 6055.07
Mishap Notification, Investigation, Reporting, and Record Keeping (Cited on title page.)
DoDI 6055.08
Occupational Ionizing Radiation Protection Program (Cited on title page.)
DoDI 6055.11
Protecting Personnel from Electromagnetic Fields (Cited on title page.)
DoDI 6055.15
DoD Laser Protection Program (Cited on title page.)
DoDI 6490.03
Deployment Health (Cited in para 17–4n(1).)
DoDM 4160.21
Defense Materiel Disposition (Cited in para 17–11b.)
DoDM 6055.05
Occupational Medical Examinations: Medical Surveillance and Medical Qualification (Cited in para 9 – 1.)

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

167

DoDM 6055.18
Safety Standards for Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (Cited in para 20–1c.)
DTR 4500.9–R–Part II
Cargo Movement (Cited in para 2–16g.) (Available at https://www.ustranscom.mil/dtr/index.cfm.)
EM 385–1–1
Safety and Health Requirements (Cited in para 2–22b.) (Available at https://www.publications.usace.army.mil/.)
Emergency Response Guidebook
(Cited in para 2–20h.) (Available at https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat/erg/emergency-response-guidebook-erg.)
EO 12196
Occupational safety and health programs for Federal employees (Cited in para 1–6b.) (Available at https://www.archives.gov.)
EP 1130–2–500
Partners and Support (Work Management Guidance and Procedures) (Cited in para 15 – 3.) (Available at
https://www.publications.usace.army.mil/.)
ER 385–1–91
Training, Testing, and Licensing for Operators of Class A and Blass I Motorboats (Cited in para 15– 3.) (Available at
https://www.publications.usace.army.mil/.)
FAR Subpart 1.3
Agency Acquisition Regulations (Cited in para 2–18a(2).) (Available at https://www.acquisition.gov/.)
FED–STD–313
Material Safety Data, Transportation Data and Disposal Data for Hazardous Materials Furnished to Government Activities (Cited in para 9–2d.) (Available for purchase at https://global.ihs.com/.)
Federal Select Agent Program Policy Statement, dated 14 August 2017
Subject: Revised FSAP Policy Statement: Inactivated Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus Biovar anthracis (Cited
in para 20 – 21.) (Available at https://www.selectagents.gov/regulations/policy/index.htm.)
FMVSS 218
Motorcycle Helmets (Cited in para 13–14h(2).) (Available at https://www.nhtsa.gov/laws-regulations/fmvss.)
HSPG Number 17
Pupil Transportation Safety (Cited in para 13–7c(3).) (Available at https://one.nhtsa.gov/nhtsa/whatsup/tea21/grantman/html/05h_progguidlines1.html.)
IEEE C95.1–2345
Standard for Military Workplaces—Force Health Protection Regarding Personnel Exposure to Electric, Magnetic, and
Electromagnetic Fields, 0 Hz to 300 GHz (Cited in para 17–2d.) (Available at https://standards.ieee.org/.)
IEEE C95.3
Recommended Practice for Measurements and Computations of Electric, Magnetic, and Electromagnetic Fields with
Respect to Human Exposure to Such Fields 0 Hz to 300 GHz (Cited in para 17–7i.) (Available at https://standards.ieee.org/.)
IEEE C95.7
Recommended Practice for Radio Frequency Safety Programs, 3 kHz to 300 GHz (Cited in para 17–2d.) (Available
at https://standards.ieee.org/.)
Memorandum of Understanding between The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and The Occupational
Safety and Health Administration
(Cited in para 16–10d(2).) (Available at https://www.osha.gov/.)
MIL–STD–882E
System Safety (Available at https://quicksearch.dla.mil/qssearch.aspx.) (Cited in para 2–2a(1).)
MIL–STD–1180B(1)
Safety Standards for Military Ground
https://quicksearch.dla.mil/qssearch.aspx.)

Vehicles

(Cited

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

in

para

13–3h.)

(Available

at

168

National Response Framework
(Cited in para 2–21a(5).) (Available at https://www.fema.gov/.)
NUREG 1556
Consolidated Guidance about Materials Licenses (Cited in para 16–21b.) (Available at https://www.nrc.gov/.)
NUREG 1757, Volume 1
Consolidated Decommissioning Guidance: Decommissioning Process for Materials Licensees (Cited in para 16–15e.)
(Available at https://www.nrc.gov/.)
OSHA Standard 1910.1096
Toxic and Hazardous Substances–Ionizing radiation (Cited in para 16–3b(3).) (Available at https://www.osha.gov/.)
PL 83–703
The Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (Cited on title page.) (Available at https://www.nrc.gov/.)
PL 91–596
Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (Cited on title page.) (Available at https://www.osha.gov/.)
PL 93–438
Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 (Cited on title page.) (Available at https://www.nrc.gov/.)
PWTB 200–1–144
Toxics Management (Cited in para 16–10d(4).) (Available at https://www.wbdg.org.)
TB MED 523
Control of Hazards to Health from Microwave and Radio Frequency Radiation and Ultrasound (Cited in para 17–2d.)
TB MED 524
Occupational and Environmental Health: Control of Hazards to Health from Laser Radiation (Cited in para 17–2b.)
TB 43–0133
Hazard Controls for CECOM Radiofrequency and Optical Radiation Producing Equipment (Cited in para 17–2a.)
TB 750–25
Maintenance of Supplies and Equipment: Army Test, Measurement and Diagnostic Equipment (TMDE) Calibration
and Repair Support (C&RS) Program (Cited in para 16–3d(1).)
TC 3–21.60
Visual Signals (Cited in para 13–10b.)
TC 21–305–20/AFMAN 24–306(I)
Manual for the Wheeled Vehicle Operator (Cited in para 13–10b.)
TC 21–306
Tracked Combat Vehicle Driver Training (Cited in para 13–10b.)
TC 55–88–1
Rail Handbook for Air Brake and Train Handling Rules (Cited in para 14–3c(2)(d).)
TM 4–14.21
Rail Safety (Cited in para 14–3c(1)(d).)
TM 55–203
Maintenance of Railway Cars (Cited in para 14–3c(2)(c).)
UFC 3–560–01
Operation and Maintenance: Electrical Safety, with Change 3 (Cited in para 23 – 2.) (Available at
https://www.wbdg.org/.)
UFC 4–021–01
Design And O&M: Mass Notification Systems, with Change 1 (Cited in para 23 – 2.) (Available at
https://www.wbdg.org/.)
UFC 4–860–03
Railroad Track Maintenance and Safety Standards (Cited in para 14–3c(2)(b).) (Available at https://www.wbdg.org/.)

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

169

7 CFR 331
Possession, Use, and Transfer of Select Agents and Toxins (Cited in para 14–5a.)
9 CFR 121
Possession, Use, and Transfer of Select Agents and Toxins (Cited in para 14–5a.)
10 CFR
Energy (Cited on title page.)
10 CFR 19.13
Notifications and reports to individuals (Cited in para 16–3b(5).)
10 CFR 20
Standards for Protection Against Radiation (Cited in para 16–10c(2)(b)1.)
10 CFR 20.1003
Definitions (Cited in para 16 –1.)
10 CFR 20.1501
General (Cited in para 2–17a(10).)
10 CFR 20.2106
Records of individual monitoring results (Cited in para 16–3b(3).)
10 CFR 20.2110
Form of records (Cited in para 16–3b(3).)
10 CFR 20.2201
Reports of theft or loss of licensed material (Cited in para 16–16g(1).)
10 CFR 20.2206
Reports of individual monitoring (Cited in para 16–3b(6).)
10 CFR 30.14
Exempt concentrations (Cited in para 16–6b(2).)
10 CFR 30.18
Exempt quantities (Cited in para 16–6b(2).)
10 CFR 31
General Domestic Licenses for Byproduct Material (Cited in para 16–6c(1).)
10 CFR 34
Licenses for Industrial Radiography and Radiation Safety Requirements for Industrial Radiographic Operations (Cited
in para 16–23d(2).)
10 CFR 35
Medical Use of Byproduct Material (Cited in para 16–23d(2).)
10 CFR 36
Licenses and Radiation Safety Requirements for Irradiators (Cited in para 16–11e(5).)
10 CFR 39
Licenses and Radiation Safety Requirements for Well Logging (Cited in para 16–11e(7).)
10 CFR 40
Domestic Licensing of Source Material (Cited in para 16–23d(2).)
10 CFR 40.36
Financial assurance and recordkeeping for decommissioning (Cited in para 16–24c(1).)
10 CFR 70.19
General license for calibration or reference sources (Cited in para 16–6c(1).)
10 CFR 70.25
Financial assurance and recordkeeping for decommissioning (Cited in para 16–24c(1).)

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

170

10 CFR 71
Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Material (Cited in para 16–25d.)
10 CFR 150
Exemptions and Continued Regulatory Authority in Agreement States and in Offshore Waters Under Section 274
(Cited in para 16–9d(2)(c).)
10 CFR 150.20
Recognition of Agreement State licenses (Cited in para 16–9b(1)(c).)
21 CFR
Food and Drugs (Cited on title page.)
21 CFR 1020.40
Cabinet x-ray systems (Cited in para 16–6c(5).)
21 CFR 1040
Performance standards for light-emitting products (Cited in para 17–7d.)
21 CFR 1040.10
Laser products (Cited in para 17–7c.)
21 CFR 1040.11
Specific purpose laser products (Cited in para 17–7c.)
29 CFR 1904.39
Reporting fatalities, hospitalizations, amputations, and losses of an eye as a result of work-related incidents to OSHA
(Cited in para 3– 1.)
29 CFR 1910
Occupational Safety and Health Standards (Cited in para 5–7b.)
29 CFR 1910.95
Occupational noise exposure (Cited in para 3–9d(4).)
29 CFR 1910.119
Process safety management of highly hazardous chemicals (Cited in para 21– 6.)
29 CFR 1910.120
Hazardous waste operations and emergency response (Cited in para 21 – 6.)
29 CFR 1910.146
Permit-required confined spaces (Cited in para 10– 9.)
29 CFR 1910.147
The control of hazardous energy (lockout/tagout) (Cited in para 10 –4.)
29 CFR 1910.1096
Ionizing radiation (Cited in para 16 –1.)
29 CFR 1910.1200
Hazard communication (Cited in para 9 – 1.)
29 CFR 1910.1450
Occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in laboratories (Cited in para 20–17h(7).)
29 CFR 1926
Safety and Health Regulations for Construction (Cited in para 6–6a.)
29 CFR 1926.53
Ionizing radiation (Cited in para 16–3b(5).)
29 CFR 1960
Basic Program Elements for Federal Employee Occupational Safety and Health Programs and Related Matters (Cited
in para 1– 13.)
32 CFR 651
Environmental Analysis of Army Actions (Cited in para 16–2f.)

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

171

32 CFR 655.10
Oversight of radiation sources brought on Army land by non-Army entities (Cited in para 16–6c(4)(e).)
40 CFR
Protection of Environment (Cited on title page.)
42 CFR
Public Health (Cited in para 14–5a.)
46 CFR
Shipping (Cited in para 15–5a.)
48 CFR 223.370
Safety precautions for ammunition and explosives (Cited in para 2–17a(17).)
49 CFR
Transportation (Cited on title page.)
49 CFR 173.1
Purpose and scope (Cited in para 16–4c.)
42 USC
The Public Health and Welfare (Cited in para 26–2b(2).) (Available at https://uscode.house.gov/.)
50 USC 1512
Transportation, open air testing, and disposal; Presidential determination; report to Congress; notice to Congress and
State Governors (Cited in para 20–2c.) (Available at https://uscode.house.gov/.)
Section II
Related Publications
A related publication is a source of additional information. The user does not have to read it to understand this publication. Unless otherwise indicated, DA publications are available on the Army Publishing Directorate website at
https://armypubs.army.mil/. The CFR is available at https://www.ecfr.gov/. DoD issuances are available at
https://www.esd.whs.mil/dd/. ICRP publications are available at https://www.icrp.org/. Military standards are available at https://quicksearch.dla.mil/qssearch.aspx. NRC publications are available at https://www.nrc.gov. NCRP reports are available for purchase at http://www.ncrponline.org/publications/. The USC is available at https://uscode.house.gov/.
ACGIH Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices
(Available for purchase at https://www.acgih.org/.)
AFARS 5101.3
Agency Acquisition Regulations (Available at https://www.acquisition.gov/afars/afars.)
AFARS 5101.4
Deviations From the FAR (Available at https://www.acquisition.gov/afars/afars.)
AFMAN 24–604/TM 38–250/NAVSUP PUB 505/MCO P4030.19J/DLAI 4145.3
Preparing Hazardous Materials for Military Air Shipments (Available at https://www.e-publishing.af.mil/.)
ANSI/ASSP Z490.1
Criteria for Accepted Practices in Safety, Health and Environmental Training (Available for purchase at
https://www.assp.org/standards/standards-topics/osh-training-z490/.)
ANSI/HPS N2.1
Warning Symbols—Radiation Symbol (Available for purchase at https://global.ihs.com/standards.cfm.)
ANSI/HPS N43.3
General Radiation Safety–Installations Using Non-Medical X-Ray and Sealed Gamma-Ray Sources, Energies Up to
10 MeV (Available for purchase at https://global.ihs.com/standards.cfm.)
ANSI/ISEA Z87.1
American National Standard Occupational and Educational Personal Eye and Face Protection Devices (Available for
purchase at https://global.ihs.com/standards.cfm.)

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

172

ANSI N13.12
Surface and Volume Radioactivity Standards for Clearance (Available for purchase at https://global.ihs.com/standards.cfm.)
ANSI Z136.1
Safe Use of Lasers (Available for purchase at https://global.ihs.com/standards.cfm.)
ANSI Z136.6
Safe Use of Lasers Outdoors (Available for purchase at https://global.ihs.com/standards.cfm.)
ANSI Z359.1
The Fall Protection Code (Available for purchase at https://global.ihs.com/standards.cfm.)
ANSI Z359.2
Minimum Requirements for a Comprehensive Managed Fall Protection Program (Available for purchase at
https://global.ihs.com/standards.cfm.)
ANSI Z535.2
Environmental and Facility Safety Signs (Available for purchase at https://global.ihs.com/standards.cfm.)
ANSI Z535.4
Product Safety Signs and Labels (Available for purchase at https://global.ihs.com/standards.cfm.)
APHC Technical Guide 211
Radiobioassay Collection Labeling and Shipping Requirements (Available at https://phc.amedd.army.mil/phc%20resource%20library/tg211_radiobioassaycollectionlabelingandshippingrequirements.pdf.)
AR 11–2
Managers’ Internal Control Program
AR 25–30
Army Publishing Program
AR 25–50
Preparing and Managing Correspondence
AR 73–1
Test and Evaluation Policy
AR 190–17
Biological Select Agents and Toxins Security Program
AR 190–45
Law Enforcement Reporting
AR 190–59
Chemical Agent Security Program
AR 195–2
Criminal Investigation Activities
AR 215–4
Nonappropriated Fund Contracting
AR 600–20
Army Command Policy
AR 600–55
The Army Driver and Operator Standardization Program (Selection, Training, Testing, and Licensing)
AR 602–2
Human Systems Integration in the System Acquisition Process
AR 608–10
Child Development Services
AR 700–141
Hazardous Materials Information Resource System

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

173

AR 750–6
Army Equipment Safety and Maintenance Notification System
BS 6658
Specification for Protective Helmets for Vehicle Users (Available for purchase at https://global.ihs.com/standards.cfm.)
BS 7671
Requirements for Electrical Installations: IET Wiring Regulations (Available for purchase at https://webstore.ansi.org/.)
CJCSI 4360.01C
Explosives Safety and Munitions Risk Management for Joint Operations Planning, Training, and Execution (Available
at https://www.jcs.mil/library.)
DA Pam 25–403
Army Guide to Recordkeeping
DA Pam 40–21
Ergonomics Program
DA Pam 385–30
Risk Management
DA Pam 385–61
Toxic Chemical Agent Safety Standards
DA Pam 710–7
Hazardous Material Management Program
DA Pam 738–751
Functional User’s Manual for the Army Maintenance Management System–Aviation
Department of the Army General Orders 2020–01
Assignment of Functions and Responsibilities within Headquarters, Department of the Army
DESR 6055.09
Defense Explosives Safety Regulation (Volumes 1 through 8) (Available at https://www.denix.osd.mil/ddes/home/.)
DFARS 201.3
Agency Acquisition Regulations (Available at https://www.acquisition.gov/dfars/.)
DFARS 201.4
Deviations From the FAR (Available at https://www.acquisition.gov/dfars/.)
DoD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms
(Available at https://www.jcs.mil/doctrine/.)
DoD 4145.26–M
DoD Contractors Safety Manual for Ammunition and Explosives
DoDI 3222.03
DoD Electromagnetic Environmental Effects (E3) Program
DoDM 5000.04
Cost and Software Data Reporting
FAR Subpart 1.4
Deviations from the FAR (Available at https://www.acquisition.gov/.)
FAR 52.236–13
Accident Prevention (Available at https://www.acquisition.gov/.)
FM 1–02.1
Operational Terms
FM 4–30
Ordnance Operations

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

174

HSPG Number 1
Periodic Motor Vehicle Inspection (Available at https://www.nhtsa.gov/.)
ICAO Doc 9284
Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air (Available at https://www.icao.int/.)
ICRP Publication 23
Report on the Task Group on Reference Man
ICRP Publication 26
Recommendations of the ICRP
ICRP Publication 60
1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection
ICRP Publication 103
The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection
IEEE C2
National Electric Safety Code (Available for purchase at https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/c2/6681/.)
IMDG Code
(Available for purchase at https://www.imo.org/en/publications/pages/home.aspx.)
International Air Transport Association Dangerous Goods Regulations
(Available for purchase at https://www.iata.org/.)
JP 3–0
Joint Operations (Available at https://www.jcs.mil/doctrine/.)
JP 3–02
Amphibious Operations (Available at https://www.jcs.mil/doctrine/.)
JP 3–09
Joint Fire Support (Available at https://www.jcs.mil/doctrine/.)
JP 3–11
Operations in Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Environments (Available at Available at
https://www.jcs.mil/doctrine/.)
JP 3–13
Information Operations (Available at https://www.jcs.mil/doctrine/.)
MIL–HDBK–240A
Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance Test Guide
MIL–HDBK–828C
Range Laser Safety
MIL–STD–1425A
Safety Design Requirements for Military Lasers and Associated Support Equipment
NBS HDBK 123
Radiological Safety Standard for the Design of Radiographic and Fluoroscopic Industrial X-Ray Equipment (Available for purchase at https://global.ihs.com/standards.cfm.)
NCRP Report No. 122
Use of Personal Monitors to Estimate Effective Dose Equivalent and Effective Dose to Workers For External Exposure
to Low-LET Radiation
NCRP Report No. 123
Screening Models for Releases of Radionuclides to Atmosphere, Surface Water, and Ground
NFPA 30
Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code (Available for purchase at https://www.nfpa.org/.)
NFPA 70
National Electrical Code (Available for purchase at https://www.nfpa.org.)

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

175

NFPA 70E
Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace (Available for purchase at https://www.nfpa.org/.)
NFPA 780
Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection Systems (Available for purchase at https://www.nfpa.org/.)
NIH Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant or Synthetic Nucleic Acid Molecules
(Available at https://osp.od.nih.gov/biotechnology/nih-guidelines/.)
NRC Regulatory Guide 8.10, Revision 2
Operating Philosophy for Maintaining Occupational and Public Radiation Exposures As Low As Is Reasonably
Achievable
NRC Regulatory Guide 8.13
Instruction Concerning Prenatal Radiation Exposure
NRC Regulatory Guide 8.31, Revision 1
Information Relevant to Ensuring that Occupational Radiation Exposures at Uranium Recovery Facilities Will Be As
Low As Is Reasonably Achievable
NRC Regulatory Guide 8.37
ALARA Levels for Effluents from Materials Facilities
NRC Regulatory Issue Summary 2002–06
Evaluating Occupational Dose for Individuals Exposed to NRC-Licensed Material and Medical X-Rays
OPNAVINST 3150.27C
Navy Diving Policy and Joint Military Diving Technology and Training Program (Available at https://www.secnav.navy.mil/doni/directives.)
OPNAVINST 5102.1D
Navy and Marine Corps Mishap and Safety Investigation, Reporting, and Record Keeping Manual (Available at
https://www.secnav.navy.mil/doni/directives.)
OSHA 3165 Publication
Job Safety and Health: It’s the Law! (Available at https://www.osha.gov/publications/osha3165.pdf.)
TB MED 521
Occupational and Environmental Health: Management and Control of Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Medical Research
X-Ray Systems and Facilities
TB 43–0002–3
Maintenance Expenditure Limits for Army Aircraft and UAS (Available at https://www.logsa.army.mil/.)
TB 385–4
Safety Requirements for Maintenance of Electrical and Electronic Equipment
TB 700–2
Department of Defense Ammunition and Explosives Hazard Classification Procedures
TC 21–24
Rappelling
UCMJ, Art. 92
Failure to obey order or regulation (Available at https://jsc.defense.gov.)
9 CFR 122
Organisms and Vectors
10 CFR 20 Appendix B
Annual limits on intake (ALIs) and derived air concentrations (DACs) of radionuclides for occupational exposure;
effluent concentrations; concentrations for release to sewerage
10 CFR 20.1004
Units of radiation dose

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

176

10 CFR 20.1208
Dose equivalent to an embryo/fetus
10 CFR 20.2202
Notification of incidents
10 CFR 20.2203
Reports of exposures, radiation levels, and concentrations of radioactive material exceeding the constraints or limits
10 CFR 20.2204
Reports of planned special exposures
10 CFR 20.2205
Reports to individuals of exceeding dose limits
10 CFR 30.5
Interpretations
10 CFR 30.35
Financial assurance and recordkeeping for decommissioning
10 CFR 36.55
Personnel monitoring
10 CFR 40.11
Persons using source material under certain Department of Energy and Nuclear Regulatory Commission contracts
10 CFR 40.13
Unimportant quantities of source material
10 CFR 61
Licensing Requirements for Land Disposal of Radioactive Waste
10 CFR 62.2
Definitions
21 CFR 1002
Records and Reports
21 CFR 1020
Performance Standards for Ionizing Radiation Emitting Products
29 CFR
Labor
29 CFR 1904.7
General recording criteria
29 CFR 1910.269
Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution
29 CFR 1960 Subpart F
Occupational Safety and Health Committees
42 CFR 73
Select Agents and Toxins
48 CFR
Federal Acquisition Regulations System
49 CFR Subtitle B Chapter I
Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, Department of Transportation
49 CFR 172 Subpart H
Training
49 CFR 173
Shippers—General Requirements for Shipments and Packagings

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

177

49 CFR 240
Qualification and Certification of Locomotive Engineers
49 CFR 242
Qualification and Certification of Conductors
49 CFR 571
Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards
5 USC 7902
Safety programs
5 USC 8101
Definitions
10 USC 101
Definitions
10 USC 2710
Inventory of unexploded ordnance, discarded military munitions, and munitions constituents at defense sites (other
than operational ranges)
10 USC 10142
Ready Reserve
10 USC 12301
Reserve components generally
10 USC 12302
Ready Reserve
29 USC Chapter 15
Occupational Safety and Health
31 USC 6301
Purposes
33 USC 941
Safety rules and regulations
40 USC 3704
Health and safety standards in building trades and construction industry
Section III
Prescribed Forms
Unless otherwise indicated, DA Forms are available on the Army Publishing Directorate website at
https://armypubs.army.mil/. DD Forms are available at https://www.esd.whs.mil/directives/forms/.
DA Form 3337
Application for Army Radiation Authorization (Prescribed in para 16–6e(1).)
Section IV
Referenced Forms
Unless otherwise indicated, DA Forms are available on the Army Publishing Directorate website at
https://armypubs.army.mil/. DD Forms are available at https://www.esd.whs.mil/directives/forms/. NRC Forms are
available at at https://www.nrc.gov. SFs are available at https://www.gsa.gov/reference/forms.
APHIS/CDC Form 3
Report of a Release/Loss/Theft of a Select Agent or Toxin (Available at https://www.selectagents.gov/form3.html.)
DA Form 11–2
Internal Control Evaluation Certification

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

178

DA Form 67–10 series
Officer Evaluation Reports
DA Form 759
Individual Flight Record and Flight Crew Certificate—Army (Flight Hours)
DA Form 1119–1
Certificate of Achievement in Safety
DA Form 2028
Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms
DA Form 2166–9 series
NCO Evaluation Reports
DA Form 2696
Operational Hazard Report
DD Form 2890
DoD Multimodal Dangerous Goods Declaration
DA Form 3946
Military Police Traffic Accident Report
DA Form 4137
Evidence/Property Custody Document
DA Form 4753
Notice No.___ of Unsafe or Unhealthful Working Condition
DA Form 4754
Violation Inventory Log
DA Form 4755
Employee Report of Alleged Unsafe or Unhealthful Working Conditions
DA Form 5775
Army Accident Prevention Award of Accomplishment in Safety
DA Form 5984–E
Operator’s Permit Record (EGA)
DA Form 7632
Deviation Approval and Risk Acceptance Document (DARAD)
DA Form 7689
Bioassay Information Summary Sheet (BISS)
DD Form 314
Preventive Maintenance Schedule and Record
DD Form 1391
FY __ Military Construction Project Data
DD Form 1494
Application for Equipment Frequency Allocation
DD Form 1952
Dosimetry Application and Record of Previous Occupational Radiation Exposure
DD Form 2796
Post Deployment Health Assessment (PDHA)
DD Form 2977
Deliberate Risk Assessment Worksheet

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

179

DoD Laser Exemption from Federal Standards
(Available at https://www.denix.osd.mil/soh/references/memoranda/military-lasers-dod-laser-exemption-from-federal-standards-form/)
DOL Form CA–1
Federal Employee’s Notice of Traumatic Injury and Claim for Continuation of Pay/Compensation (Available at
https://www.dol.gov/owcp/dfec/regs/compliance/forms.htm.)
DOL Form CA–2
Notice of Occupational Disease and Claim for Compensation (Available at https://www.dol.gov/owcp/dfec/regs/compliance/forms.htm.)
NRC Form 3
Notice to Employees
NRC Form 241
Report of Proposed Activities in Non-Agreement States, Areas of Exclusive Federal Jurisdiction, or Offshore Waters
NRC Form 313
Application for Materials License
OSHA 2H Form
Notice of Unsafe or Unhealthful Working Conditions (Form generated by OSHA and unavailable for non-OSHA use.)
OSHA 300 Form
Log of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses (Available at https://www.osha.gov.)
SF 50
Notification of Personnel Action (Available at https://www.gsa.gov/reference/forms.)
SF 368
Product Quality Deficiency Report (PQDR) (Available at https://www.gsa.gov/reference/forms.)

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

180

Appendix B
Determining Whether a Radiation Safety Program is Required
B–1. Requirements
If any of the conditions in paragraph B– 2 pertain to a garrison activity or tenant activities, they will be required to
execute the requirements of an RSP, which include designating, in writing, an RSO who will establish, maintain, and
manage a written RSP according to this regulation and Army, DoD, and federal regulations.
B–2. Conditions requiring a radiation safety program
A radiation program is required if the activity has:
a. An NRC license, Army reactor permit, ARA, or an applicable technical publication that requires the function.
b. Any personnel in the activity who are required to wear dosimetry.
c. Any personnel in the activity who are required to participate in a bioassay program.
d. A class 3B or class 4 or military-exempt laser (see ANSI Z136.1).
e. An EMF or RF system that exceeds the MPE.
f. A unit possessing radioactive commodities or radiation emitting equipment (to include x-rays and accelerators)
requiring the implementation of an RSP (for example, leak testing, radiation postings, and shipping requirements).
g. Any x-ray systems, except for small, self-shielded security type x-ray systems (for example, airport x-ray security machines and mail screening systems), that may expose the operator to scatter radiation. Radiation safety functions
for x-ray systems are outlined in TB MED 521, ANSI standards, or NCRP standards.
h. A non-Army agency using, storing, or possessing ionizing radiation sources on an Army installation (requires
an NRC license and an ARP).
i. A unit with CBRN equipment utilized within MTOE/TDA organizations with radiation detection equipment,
radioactive sources, and/or radioactive commodities.
j. A unit in possession of licensed RAMs/items. This includes storage, transporting, and maintenance.
B–3. Annual radiation safety audit
a. Function. The function covered by this evaluation is radiation safety.
b. Purpose. The purpose of this evaluation is to assist commanders/directors and RSOs in evaluating the key program elements listed in this paragraph. It is not intended to cover all aspects of the program.
c. Instructions. Answers must be based on the actual testing of key program elements (for example, document
analysis, direct observation, sampling, and simulation). Answers that indicate deficiencies must be explained and
corrective action indicated in supporting documentation. These questions are the minimum used to adequately assess
an RSP for the annual audit. However, some questions may not apply to a specific program and may be rated as not
applicable.
d. Questions.
(1) If required, has a person been designated in writing by the command to be RSO? Has the RSO been trained
(see chap 15)?
(2) If required, has a written radiation safety SOP or local regulation been established and reviewed annually?
(3) Are all personnel occupationally exposed to radiation receiving radiation safety training?
(4) Are all radiation sources secured against unauthorized use and removal per NRC license conditions, ARAs,
and regulations?
(5) Are all controllable quantities of RAM and radiation-producing sources held by the unit under appropriate
authority (for example, an NRC license, an ARA, or as part of a radioactive commodity)?
(6) Is all radioactive waste disposed of properly through the item manager and JMC?
(7) Are all radiation survey instruments used for health and safety appropriately calibrated per AR 750 – 43 and TB
750 – 25?
(8) For Army laser ranges, have all type-classified or commercial class 3B or class 4 lasers received appropriate
evaluation before their use?
(9) Are all unwanted military-exempt lasers disposed of properly per paragraph 17– 11?
(10) Are all mishaps involving personnel radiation exposure or radioactive contamination of facilities, equipment,
or the environment, damaged, or loss of RAMs promptly reported through appropriate channels per chapter 15?
(11) Do all personnel occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation or RAM as specified by applicable regulatory
requirements, NRC license requirements, and ARAs with a likelihood of receiving 10 percent of the annual dose limit
participate in an appropriate dosimetry or bioassay program?

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

181

(12) Is the dose in all unrestricted areas less than 2 millirems (0.02 mSv) in any one hour?
(13) Are historical records maintained for licenses, ARA, ARP, disposal, and personnel exposures per AR
25 – 400 – 2?
(14) Are radiation surveys and leak tests performed at the prescribed interval?
(15) Is there a need for an RSC and is it meeting the intent?
(16) Is there an environmental impact based on the impact of the RSP?
(17) Are inventories of RAMs and RGDs being completed at required intervals?
(18) Are inventories provided to the installation RSO?
(19) Are EMF sources that need an RSP being inventoried at required intervals?
(20) Are NRC posting requirements being met and are emergency contact numbers posted conspicuously?

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

182

Appendix C
Internal Control Evaluation
C–1. Function
The function covered by this evaluation is the ASOHP.
C–2. Purpose
The purpose of this evaluation is to assist commanders in evaluating the key internal controls outlined in this appendix.
It is not intended to cover all controls.
C–3. Instruction
Answers must be based on the actual testing of key internal controls (for example, document analysis, direct observation, sampling, and simulation). Answers that indicate deficiencies must be explained and corrective action indicated
in supporting documentation. These key internal controls must be formally evaluated at least once every 5 years.
Certification that this evaluation has been conducted must be accomplished on DA Form 11 – 2 (Internal Control Evaluation Certification).
C–4. Test questions
Questions for key internal controls for system safety management in accordance with DoDI 6055.01 are as follows:
a. Has each responsible organization established policies and procedures to execute its responsibilities and is each
organization in compliance with those policies and procedures?
b. Have rating elements measuring application and use of RM and health and safety responsibilities been included
in all DA Form 67 – 10 series (Officer Evaluation Reports) and DA Form 2166 – 9 series (NCO Evaluation Reports) for
military leaders as well as performance plans for DA Civilian managers and supervisors?
c. Has a written safety program (including system safety management) providing policy and procedures been developed which incorporates the various elements based on the organization’s mission?
d. Has an SOH manager been designated in writing to exercise staff supervision over the SOH program?
e. Does the designated SOH manager have access to the commander or director?
f. Are the various SOH safety councils, boards, and committees meeting as required?
g. Have strategic goals, objectives, and planning been executed and a plan developed to implement them?
h. Have formal agreements been developed with tenant organizations, as necessary?
i. Have command integrating agents developed and implemented plans and programs to integrate RM into their
functional area of responsibility?
j. Have both quantitative and qualitative metrics been developed and are they being used to measure their safety
program effectiveness?
k. Do command safety and health managers meet Office of Personnel Management standards for the position of
SOH manager?
l. Has the command requested, obtained, and designated sufficient funds and other resources to carry out all responsibilities designated in this regulation?
m. Are safety offices conducting and documenting annual programmatic audits of their safety program execution
using their performance indicators and matrices?
n. Is each level of command auditing each of their subordinate organizations’ safety program execution using their
performance indicators and matrices at least once every 4 years?
o. Are procedures in place and in operation to determine if facilities and equipment meet or exceed safety and
health standards established in pertinent host government regulations, federal, state, and local statutes and regulations,
and in Army regulations?
p. Are deficiencies abated or is there a corrective action plan in place with a defined timeline to ensure abatement?
q. Are practices and procedures that minimize mishap risk incorporated into regulations, directives, SOPs, special
orders, training plans, operations plans, and SOPs developed for all operations?
r. Are commanders, supervisors, and SOH staff provided specialized training to enable them to properly execute
their SOH leadership and staff responsibilities?
s. Are there specific plans to ensure continuity of SOH and the RM process during tactical operations or mobilization?
t. Is there a program or policy for reporting unsafe or unhealthful conditions?
u. Are standard Army SOH inspections performed to evaluate the status of the SOH program and RM integration?

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

183

v. Are mishaps being reported as required and correctly?
C–5. Supersession
This evaluation replaces the evaluation previously published in AR 385 –10, dated 24 February 2017.
C–6. Comments
Help make this a better test for evaluating internal controls. Submit comments to the Assistant Secretary of the Army
(Installations, Energy and Environment), Safety and Occupational Health Director, 110 Army Pentagon, Suite 3D453,
Washington, DC 20310 – 0110.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

184

Glossary
Section I
Abbreviations
AAE
Army Acquisition Executive
AAR
after action review
AASA
Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Army
ABSL
animal biosafety level
AC
alternating current
ACGIH
American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists
ACL
arthropod containment level
ACOD
actual cost of damage
ACOM
Army command
ACTEDS
Army Civilian Training, Education, and Development System
ACV
Army combat vehicle
ADC
U.S. Army Dosimetry Center
ADP
Army doctrine publication
ADR
automated dosimetry report
AE
ammunition and explosives
AEC
U.S. Army Evaluation Center
AESMNS
Army Equipment Safety and Maintenance Notification System
AF Pam
Air Force pamphlet
AFARS
Army Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement
AFC
U.S. Army Futures Command
AFMAN
Air Force manual

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

185

AHJ
authority having jurisdiction
AI
artificial intelligence
ALARA
as low as reasonably achievable
ALI
annual limit on intake
ALSE
aviation life support equipment
AMC
U.S. Army Materiel Command
ANSI
American National Standards Institute
AOC
area of concentration
APHC
U.S. Army Public Health Center
APHIS
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
AR
Army regulation
ARA
Army radiation authorization
ARAP
Army Readiness Assessment Program
ARC
Advanced Rider Course
ARIMS
Army Records Information Management System
ARMS
Armament Retooling and Manufacturing Support
ARNG
Army National Guard
ARP
Army radiation permit
ARSO
Army radiation safety officer
ARSOF
Army special operations forces
ARSOHP
Army Radiation Safety and Occupational Health Program
ARSTAF
Army Staff
ASA (ALT)
Assistant Secretary of the Army (Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology)

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

186

ASA (FM&C)
Assistant Secretary of the Army (Financial Management and Comptroller)
ASA (IE&E)
Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations, Energy and Environment)
ASA (M&RA)
Assistant Secretary of the Army (Manpower and Reserve Affairs)
ASARC
Army System Acquisition Review Council
ASCC
Army service component command
ASMIS
Army Safety Management Information System
ASO
aviation safety officer
ASOHMS
Army Safety and Occupational Health Management System
ASOHP
Army Safety and Occupational Health Program
ASSE
American Society of Safety Engineers
ATEC
U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command
ATP
Army techniques publication
ATSTP
Army Traffic Safety Training Program
ATV
all-terrain vehicle
BACM
biological agent contaminated materiel
BBPO
Biological Select Agents and Toxins Biorisk Program Office
BMBL
Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories
BRC
Basic Rider Course
BS
British standard
BSAT
biological select agents and toxins
BSL
biosafety level
BSO
biosafety officer
BSPM
biosafety program manager

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

187

BWM
biological warfare materiel
CAC
common access card
CAPDEV
capability developer
CAS
Chemical Abstracts Service
CBC
Chemical Biological Center
CBRN
chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear
CBRNE
chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosives
CCPM
command career program manager
CDC
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CDE
committed dose equivalent
CDRR
Central Dosimetry Records Repository
CECOM
U.S. Army Communications-Electronics Command
CEDE
committed effective dose equivalent
CFR
Code of Federal Regulations
CG
commanding general
CID
Criminal Investigation Division
CJCSI
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff instruction
cm
centimeters
CMA
U.S. Army Chemical Materials Activity
CNGB
Chief, National Guard Bureau
CONUS
continental United States
COR
contracting officer representative
COTS
commercial off-the-shelf

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

188

CPA
Chief, Public Affairs
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CPX
command post exercise
CSA
Chief of Staff of the Army
CSP
chemical site plan
CWC
Chemical Weapons Convention
CYS
child, youth, and school
DA
Department of the Army
DA Pam
Department of the Army pamphlet
DABSHC
Department of the Army Biological Safety and Health Council
DAC
derived air concentration
DACASC
Department of the Army Chemical Agent Safety Council
DARAD
Deviation Approval and Risk Acceptance Document
DASAF
Director of Army Safety
DASHO
designated agency safety and health official
DC
direct current
DCPH–A
Defense Centers for Public Health–Aberdeen
DCS
Deputy Chief of Staff
DD Form
Department of Defense form
DDE
deep dose equivalent
DDESB
Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board
DFARS
Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement
DL
distance learning

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

189

DoD
Department of Defense
DoDD
Department of Defense directive
DoDI
Department of Defense instruction
DoDM
Department of Defense manual
DOE
U.S. Department of Energy
DOEHRS
Defense Occupational and Environmental Health Readiness System
DOL
U.S. Department of Labor
DOT
U.S. Department of Transportation
DRL
dosimetric reference level
DRU
direct reporting unit
DSN
Defense Switched Network
DTR
Defense Travel Regulations
DTTS
Defense Transportation Tracking System
DU
depleted uranium
DUSD
Deputy Under Secretary of Defense
EARO
Executive Agent Responsible Official
ECOD
estimated cost of damage
EDES
Executive Director of Explosives Safety
EDEX
effective dose equivalent
EID
electrically initiated device
EM
engineering manual
EME
electromagnetic environment
EMF
electromagnetic field

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

190

EMR
electromagnetic radiation
EMS
emergency medical services
EO
executive order
EOD
explosive ordnance disposal
EP
engineer pamphlet
EPA
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
ER
engineer regulation
ERC
Experienced Rider Course
ERL
exposure reference level
ES
exposed site
ESAV
explosives safety assistance visit
ESC
Electrical Safety Committee
ESMP
Explosives Safety Management Program
ESOH
environment, safety, and occupational health
ESP
explosives site plan
ESQD
explosives safety quantity distance
ESS
explosives safety siting
ESSP
explosives safety site plan
EU
European Union
eV
electron volt
F&ES
fire and emergency services
FA
functional advisor
FAA
Federal Aviation Administration

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

191

FAR
Federal Acquisition Regulation
FASS
facilities system safety
FC
functional community
FCC
Family childcare
FDA
Food and Drug Administration
FM
field manual
FMVSS
federal motor vehicle safety standard
FOD
foreign object damage
FOIA
Freedom of Information Act
FORSCOM
U.S. Army Forces Command
FPE
force provider expeditionary
FY
fiscal year
GA
Tabun
GB
Sarin
GCMCA
general court-martial convening authority
GD
Soman
GL
generally licensed
GOCO
government-owned, contractor-operated
H
Levinstein mustard
HAZCOM
hazard communication
HAZMAT
hazardous materials
HD
distilled mustard
HERF
hazards of electromagnetic radiation to fuels

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

192

HERO
hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance
HERP
hazards of electromagnetic radiation to personnel
HHA
health hazard assessment
HIOS
high intensity optical sources
HME
homemade explosives
HMIRS
Hazardous Materials Information Resource System
HN
host nation
HPS
Health Physics Society
HQDA
Headquarters, Department of the Army
HSI
human systems integration
HSPG
Highway Safety Program Guideline
HT
mustard T-mixture
Hz
Hertz
IAT
infectious agents and toxins
IBC
Institutional Biosafety Committee
ICAO
International Civil Aviation Organization
ICD
initial capabilities document
IDP
individual development plan
IE
improvised explosives
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IL
investigation level
IMCOM
U.S. Army Installation Management Command
IMDG
International Maritime Dangerous Goods

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

193

ISA
independent safety assessment
ISD
installation safety director
ISO
installation safety office
JHA
job hazard analysis
JMC
U.S. Army Joint Munitions Command
JP
Joint publication
kHz
kilohertz
L
Lewisite
LAP
load assemble pack
LCH
laser clearinghouse
LCMC
Life cycle management command
LDE
lens dose equivalent
LED
light emitting diodes
LHE
laser hazard evaluation
LSC
Leader’s Safety and Occupational Health Course
LSO
laser safety officer
MA
materiel acquirer
MATDEV
materiel developer
MDA
milestone decision authority
MDR
milestone decision review
MEC
munitions and explosives of concern
MEDCOM
U.S. Army Medical Command
METAR
meteorological terminal aviation report

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

194

mg
milligram
MIL–HDBK
military handbook
MIL–STD
military standard
ml
milliliter
mm
millimeter
MMDF
Maintenance Master Data File
MOS
military occupational specialty
MPE
maximum permissible exposure
mrem
one-thousandth of one rem
MRT
Motorcycle Refresher Training
MSF
Motorcycle Safety Foundation
MSRC
Military Sports Bike Rider Course
mSv
milliSievert
MTF
medical treatment facility
MTOE
modified table of organization and equipment
NARM
naturally-occurring and accelerator-produced radioactive material
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NCO
noncommissioned officer
NCRP
National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements
NDI
nondevelopmental item
NEC
National Electric Code
NFPA
National Fire Protection Association
NGB
National Guard Bureau

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

195

NIH
National Institutes of Health
NIOSH
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
NIS
not in the system
NRC
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
NRD
Nonionizing Radiation Division
NRSO
nonionizing radiation safety officer
NRSOHP
Nonionizing Radiation Safety and Occupational Health Program
NRTL
nationally recognized testing laboratory
NTA
non-traditional agent
NTASC
Non-Traditional Agent Safety Committee
NTASO
non-traditional agent safety officer
NTSB
National Transportation Safety Board
NUREG
Nuclear Regulatory Commission regulation
NVLAP
National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program
ODASAF
Office of the Director of Army Safety
OEH
occupational and environmental health
OH
occupational health
OPNAVINST
Chief of Naval Operations instruction
OPORD
operation order
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
OTSG
Office of The Surgeon General
PCE
protective clothing and equipment
PEO
program executive officer

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

196

PESHE
programmatic environment, safety, and occupational health evaluation
PHA
process hazard analysis
PL
public law
PM
program manager
PMCS
preventive maintenance checks and services
PMG
Provost Marshal General
POC
point of contact
POV
privately-owned vehicle
PPE
personal protective equipment
PSE
planned special exposure
PSM
process safety management
PWTB
public works technical bulletin
QASAS
quality assurance specialist (ammunition surveillance)
QC
quality control
QD
quantity distance
RAC
risk assessment code
RAM
radioactive material
RCR
response, characterization, or remediation
RCWM
recovered chemical warfare material
RDT&E
research, development, test, and evaluation
rem
roentgen equivalent man (mammal)
RESS
required explosives safety submission
RF
radio frequency

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

197

RGD
radiation generating device
RM
risk management
RRS–A
Records Retention Schedule–Army
RSC
Radiation Safety Council
RSO
radiation safety officer
RSP
radiation safety program
RSSO
radiation safety staff officer
S4
stockpile-to-safe separation sequence
SASOHI
standard Army safety and occupational health inspection
SDDC
Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command
SDE
shallow dose equivalent
SDS
safety data sheet
SEC
Senior Executive Council
SECARMY
Secretary of the Army
SecCert
Secretarial Certification
SES
senior executive service
SF
standard form
SI
Systemé Internationale
SIB
Safety Investigation Board
SIR
serious incident report
SMCA
single manager for conventional ammunition
SME
subject matter expert
SMR
source, maintenance, and recoverability

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

198

SO&EH
safety occupational and environmental health
SOFA
status of forces agreement
SOH
safety and occupational health
SOHA
safety and occupational hazard assessment
SOHAC
Safety and Occupational Health Advisory Council
SOP
standard operating procedure
SoS
system of systems
SSE
system safety engineering
SSMP
system safety management plan
SSRA
system safety risk assessment
Sv
Sievert
T
dose to some specific organ or tissue of reference
T&E
test and evaluation
TACOM
U.S. Army Tank-Automotive and Armaments Command
TB
technical bulletin
TB MED
technical bulletin medical
TC
training circular
TDA
table of distribution and allowance
TDY
temporary duty
TEDE
total effective dose equivalent
TGIS
Transportation Geospatial Information System
TIC
toxic industrial chemical
TIG
The Inspector General

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

199

TIM
toxic industrial material
TLV
threshold limit value
TM
technical manual
TNT
trinitrotoluene
TOE
table of organization and equipment
TRADOC
U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command
TSEWG
Tri-Service Electrical Working Group
TSG
The Surgeon General
UAS
unmanned aircraft system
UBSO
unit biological safety officer
UCMJ
Uniform Code of Military Justice
UFC
United Facilities Criteria
USACBRNS
U.S. Army Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear School
USACE
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
USACID
U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Division
USACRC
U.S. Army Combat Readiness Center
USAG
U.S. Army garrison
USAMRIID
U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
USAR
U.S. Army Reserve
USARC
U.S. Army Reserve Command
USASOC
U.S. Army Special Operations Command
USATCES
U.S. Army Technical Center for Explosives Safety
USC
United States Code

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

200

USCG
U.S. Coast Guard
USO
unit safety officer
USSOCOM
U.S. Special Operations Command
UV
ultraviolet
UXO
unexploded ordnance
VC
vehicle commander
VCSA
Vice Chief of Staff of the Army
VX
O-ethyl S-(2-Disopropylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothiolate
W
recorded whole-body dosimeter exposure
3Rs
Recognize, Retreat, Report
Section II
Terms
Acceptable risk
That part of identified risk which is allowed by the managing activity to persist without further engineering or management action.
Acquisition phase
Phases that provide a logical means of progressively translating broadly stated mission needs into well-defined, system-specific requirements and ultimately into operationally effective, suitable, and survivable systems. All the tasks
and activities needed to bring the program to the next milestone occur during acquisition phases.
Acquisition program
A directed, funded effort that provides a new, improved, or continuing materiel, weapon, or information system or
service capability in response to an approved need.
Activity
The rate of disintegration (transformation) or decay of RAM. The units of activity are the curie (Ci) and the becquerel
(Bq) (see 10 CFR 20.1003). Ci = 3.7 X 10 10 disintegrations/second; Bq = 1 disintegration/second; 1 Ci = 3.7 X 10 10
Bq; 1 µCi = 3.7 X 104 disintegrations/second.
Administrative dose
The dose that an RSO assigns when dosimetry is inaccurate or has been misused or lost.
Adult
An individual 18 years of age or older (see 10 CFR 20.1003).
Advanced manufacturing
Activities that depend on the use and coordination of information, automation, computation, software, sensing, and
networking and/or make use of cutting-edge materials and emerging capabilities enabled by the physical and biological sciences. It encompasses new ways to manufacture existing products and the manufacturing of new products
resulting from advances in technology. It includes, but is not limited to, additive manufacturing (also known as threedimensional (3D) printing), AI, robotics, and advanced composite materials.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

201

Agreement state
Any state with which the Atomic Energy Commission or NRC has entered into an effective agreement in which the
state assumes many of NRC’s functions.
Aircraft
Free balloons, gliders, airships, and flying machines, whether manned or unmanned; weight-carrying structure for
navigation of the air that is supported by its own buoyancy or the dynamic action of the air against its surfaces.
Ammunition and explosives
Includes, but is not limited to, all items of ammunition, propellants (liquid and solid), high and low explosives, guided
missiles, warheads, devices, pyrotechnics, chemical munitions, and components and substances associated therewith,
presenting real or potential hazards to life and property.
Ammunition and explosives mission
Operations that involve the storage, issue, receipt, RDT&E, production, transport, demilitarization, maintenance, or
surveillance of military munitions.
Animal biosafety level
A set of four BSLs are provided for work with vertebrate animals exposed to agents which may infect humans. ABSLs
1 through 4 provide for practices, equipment, and facilities that are comparable to the laboratory BSLs. However,
there are unique hazards associated with infected animals that must be understood by those personnel with animal
contact and addressed in the animal facility. ABSLs are designed to protect personnel from exposure to potentially
infectious materials. Quarantine facilities and procedures must be utilized to prevent spread of infectious materials
from animal to animal.
Annual limit on intake
The derived limit for the amount of RAM taken into the body of an adult worker by inhalation or ingestion in a year
(40 hours per week for 50 weeks or 2,000 hours per year). ALI is the smaller value of intake of a given radionuclide
in a year by the reference man; ALIs that would result in a CEDE of 5 rem (0.05 Sv) or a CDE of 50 rem (0.5 Sv) to
any individual organ or tissue (see 10 CFR 20.1003). The ALI values are based on the intake rate and standards for
“reference man” as defined in ICRP Publication 23.
Annually
From the month of the current year to the same month of the following year. However, the time will not exceed 13
months. This does not apply to items covered under the Army Maintenance Management System.
Army Acquisition Executive
Principal advisor and staff assistant to the SECARMY for acquisition of Army systems. Senior acquisition executive
responsible for administering acquisition programs in accordance with established policies and guidelines. The AAE
is also the senior procurement executive.
Army chemical agent
Includes Schedule 1 chemicals in Army possession, as listed in the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development,
Production, Stockpiling, and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction (also known as the CWC); NTA in
Army possession as defined in DoDI 5210.65; or munitions with a chemical fill at the declared chemical weapons
storage facilities. Schedule 1 chemicals are identified in the CWC Annex on Chemicals. The CWC Annex provides
the chemical composition of the group of toxic chemicals included in the “type” (V-type, G-type, and others).
Army combat vehicle
A tactical motor vehicle, with or without armor, designed for a specific fighting function such as armored security
vehicles, light armored vehicles, STRYKERs, Bradleys, M1 tanks, armored personnel carriers, self-propelled Howitzers, armored vehicle-launched bridges, and so forth. Armor protection or armament mounted as supplemental equipment on noncombat vehicles will not change the classification of such vehicles to combat vehicles.
Army mishap
An unplanned event, or series of events, which results in one or more of the following:
a. Occupational illness to Army military or DA Civilian personnel.
b. Injury to on-duty DA Civilian personnel.
c. Injury to Army military personnel on and off duty.
d. Damage to Army property.
e. Damage to public or private property and/or injury or illness to non-Army personnel caused by Army operations
(the U.S. Army had a causal or contributing role in the mishap).
AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

202

Army motor vehicle
Any vehicle that is owned, leased, or rented by DA and/or Reserve Components. A vehicle that is primarily designed
for over-the-road operation. A vehicle whose general purpose is the transportation of cargo or personnel. Examples
are passenger cars, station wagons, trucks, ambulances, buses, motorcycles, fire trucks, and refueling vehicles.
Army personnel
Members of the Regular Army, USAR, and ARNG serving on active duty or performing inactive duty training; U.S.
Military Academy cadets; officer candidates in Officer Candidate School; Reserve Officer Training Corps cadets
when engaged in directed training activities; and DA Civilians.
Army property
Any item of Army property, or property leased by the U.S. Army for which the U.S. Army has assumed risk of loss,
such as aircraft, vehicle, building, structure, system, and so on.
Army tactical vehicles
Any vehicle designed for field requirements in direct support of combat and tactical operations used to provide transportation or for training personnel for such operations (to include ATVs, mopeds, and motorcycles).
Army vessel
Any waterborne craft used or capable of being used for water transportation (see AR 56 – 9).
Artificial intelligence
Software and system functionality with the capacity to learn, understand, reason, plan, cognate, and/or problem solve.
As low as reasonably achievable
Making every reasonable effort to maintain exposures to radiation as far below applicable dose limits as is practically
consistent with the purpose for which the licensed activity is undertaken, taking into account the state of technology,
the economics of improvements in relation to benefits to the public health and safety, and other societal and socioeconomic considerations and in relation to utilization of nuclear energy and licensed material in the public interest (see
10 CFR 20.1003). Samples of good ALARA practices may be found in NRC Regulatory Guide 8.10, Revision 2; NRC
Regulatory Guide 8.31; and NRC Regulatory Guide 10.8, Revision 2.
As low as reasonably achievable investigational level
A radiation dose to the worker while occupationally exposed that justifies further investigation. Such an investigation
generally includes a review of the circumstances associated with the apparently abnormal internal or external dose,
assessment of the consequences, and mitigation or prevention of such a dose of similar magnitude in the future.
Audit
A process of collecting information about an organization’s SOH management system and making judgments about
its adequacy and performance, identifying both the strengths and weaknesses of the safety and health program as
implemented by the organization. To ensure that all necessary safety and health program elements are operating and
that procedures are in place for thorough implementation. The aims of auditing should be to establish that appropriate
management arrangements are in place, an adequate RM control system exists which reflects the hazard profile of the
organization and is properly implemented, and appropriate workplace precautions are in place.
Background radiation
Radiation from cosmic sources; naturally occurring RAM, including radon (except as a decay product of source or
special nuclear material or when workplace radon levels require compliance with 29 CFR 1910.1096); and global
fallout as it exists in the environment from the testing of nuclear explosive devices or from past nuclear mishaps such
as Chernobyl that contribute to background radiation and are not under the control of the licensee. Background radiation does not include radiation from the source, byproduct, or special nuclear materials that NRC regulates or from
NARM that the U.S. Army regulates (see 10 CFR 20.1003).
Becquerel
The SI unit of radioactivity equivalent to one nuclear transformation per second.
Bioassay
The determination of kinds, quantities or concentrations, and, in some cases, the locations of RAM in the human body,
whether by direct measurement (in vivo counting) or by analysis and evaluation of materials excreted or removed
from the human body (see 10 CFR 20.1003).

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

203

Biological mishap
An event in which the failure of laboratory facilities, equipment, or procedures appropriate to the level of potential
pathogenicity of an IAT may allow an occupational exposure or release of an agent or toxin outside of the primary
barriers of the biocontainment area. An event in which the failure of laboratory facilities, equipment, or procedures
appropriate to the level of potential pathogenicity or toxicity of a given etiologic agent (organism or toxin) may allow
the unintentional, potential exposure of humans or the laboratory environment to that agent. Mishaps can be categorized into those resulting in confirmed exposures and those resulting in potential exposures.
Biological select agent and toxin
Biological agents and toxins selected by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the U.S. Department
of Agriculture that present a high bioterrorism risk to national security and have the greatest potential for adverse
public health impact with mass casualties of humans and/or animals or that pose a severe threat to plant health or to
plant products. The lists of select agents and toxins are reviewed and updated by the CDC and APHIS and are found
in 42 CFR 73, 7 CFR 331, and 9 CFR 121.
Biomedical research
The application of biological science in medical RDT&E for the purpose of illness prevention and product development.
Biosafety level
A combination of facility design features and safety equipment (primary and secondary barriers), facility practices
and procedures, and PPE (see the NIH/CDC BMBL).
a. BSL– 1 standard practices, safety equipment, and facility specifications are generally appropriate for undergraduate
and secondary educational training and teaching laboratories and for other laboratories that work with defined and
characterized strains of viable biological agents not known to consistently cause disease in healthy adult humans.
b. BSL– 2 standard practices, safety equipment, and facility specifications are applicable to laboratories in which work
is performed using a broad-spectrum of biological agents and toxins that are associated with causing disease in humans
of varying severity. With good practices and procedures, these agents and toxins can generally be handled safely on
an open bench, provided the potential for producing splashes and aerosols is low.
c. BSL–3 standard practices, safety equipment, and facility specifications are applicable to laboratories in which work
is performed using indigenous or exotic biological agents with a potential for respiratory transmission and those that
may cause serious and potentially lethal infection.
d. BSL– 4 standard practices, safety equipment, and facility specifications are applicable primarily for laboratories
working with dangerous and exotic biological agents that pose a high individual risk of life-threatening disease that
may be transmitted via the aerosol route and for which there is no available vaccine or therapy.
Blister agent
See DoD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms.
Byproduct material
a. Any RAM (except special nuclear material) yielded in, or made radioactive by, exposure to the radiation incident
to the process of producing or using special nuclear material. Generally, byproduct material is any RAM inevitably
produced as a byproduct from the neutron-induced fission process within nuclear reactors.
b. The tailings or wastes produced by the extraction or concentration of uranium or thorium from ore processed primarily for its source material content, including discrete surface wastes resulting from uranium solution extraction
processes. Underground ore bodies depleted by these solution extraction operations do not constitute “byproduct material” regulated by NRC under 10 CFR.
c. Any discrete source of radium-226 that is produced, extracted, or converted after extraction, before, on, or after
August 8, 2005, for use for a commercial, medical, or research activity (see 10 CFR 20.1003).
Calendar quarter
A period of time of not less than 12 consecutive weeks nor more than 14 consecutive weeks. The first calendar quarter
will begin in January of each year or begin with the dosimetry issue cycle closest to January of each year. Subsequent
calendar quarters will begin within 12 or 14 weeks of that date, so that no day is included in both quarters or omitted
from both quarters (see 29 CFR 1910.1096(b)(4)).
Capability developer
Command or agency that formulates and documents operational doctrine, concepts, organizations, and/or materiel
requirements for assigned mission areas and functions. Serves as the user representative during acquisitions for their
approved materiel requirements as well as doctrine and organization developments. CAPDEV is the command or

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

204

agency that formulates warfighting requirements for doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership and education, personnel, and facilities. May be used generically to represent the user and user maintainer community role in
the materiel acquisition process (counterpart to generic use of MATDEV).
Capability objective
ASOHMS capability objectives are the criteria of the ASOHMS and serve as the framework in which every DA
organization will execute their SOH programs. The capability objectives are used to integrate ASOHMS criteria into
manageable and related sets of Army SOH requirements. These capability objectives are used to organize identified
gaps and develop strategic action plans to help Army organizations incrementally implement a safety management
system through a three-stage approach of process, execution, then improvement (in other words, Plan-Do-Check Act).
They are designed to fully integrate risk based mission focused written programs, policies, tactics, techniques, and
procedures into daily activities to enhance readiness by reducing preventable injuries and illnesses, by proactively
assessing risk, implementation of control measures, and trending and measurement. The end state will support the
documentation, refinement, and validation of non-materiel and materiel changes needed to achieve required capabilities and result in sustained program performance and continuing improvements to protect our greatest asset, our people.
Chemical agent
See DoD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. Excluded are RDT&E solutions, riot control agents, chemical
defoliants and herbicides, smoke, flame and incendiaries, and industrial chemicals.
Chemical agent operation
Any activity that involves DoD chemical agents, including storage, shipping, handling, manufacturing, maintenance,
test chamber activities, laboratory activities, surveillance, demilitarization, decontamination, disposal, and training.
Chemical munitions
A munition that, through its chemical properties, produces lethal or other damaging effects to human beings, except
that such term does not include riot control agents, chemical herbicides, smoke, and other obscuration materials.
Class
A classification scheme for inhaled RAM according to its rate of clearance from the pulmonary region of the lung.
Materials are classified as D, W, or Y, which applies a range of clearance half-times: for Class D (Days) of less than
10 days, for Class W (Weeks) from 10 to 100 days, and for Class Y (Years) of greater than 100 days (see 10 CFR
20.1003).
Command responsibility
The philosophy that commanders down the entire chain of command are responsible for the safety of their personnel.
Commander
An individual that lawfully exercises leadership authority over subordinates by virtue of rank or assignment. This
includes the authority and responsibility for effectively using available resources for planning the employment of,
organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling military forces for the accomplishment of assigned missions. This
also includes responsibility for health, welfare, morale, and discipline of assigned personnel in his or her “command,”
according to FM 1 – 02.1 and ADP 6 – 0.
Commercial off-the-shelf
An existing item determined by a material acquisition decision process review (DoD, military component, or subordinate organization, as appropriate) to be available for acquisition to satisfy an approved materiel requirement with no
expenditure of funds for development, modification, or improvement (such as commercial products or materiel developed by other countries). This item may be procured by the contractor or furnished to the contractor as governmentfurnished equipment or government-furnished property.
Committed dose equivalent (HT,50 or H50)
The dose to some specific organ or tissue of reference (T) that will be received from an intake of RAM by an individual
during the 50-year period following the intake (see 10 CFR 20.1003).
Committed effective dose equivalent (HE,50)
the sum of the products of the CDEs for each of the body organs or tissues that are irradiated multiplied by the
weighting factors applicable to each of those organs or tissues (H E,50 = ΣWTHT50) (see 10 CFR 20.1003).

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

205

Competent authority
An individual of the Armed Forces designated in command, responsible for the direction, coordination, and control
of military forces. The commander alone is responsible for everything his or her unit does or fails to do. He or she
cannot delegate responsibility or any part of it although he or she may delegate portions of his or her authority to
competent individuals. An individual designated by the commander to address areas of primary interest within that
individual’s technical expertise.
Concentration
The amount of a chemical agent present in a unit volume of air. Usually expressed in milligrams per cubic meter
(mg/m3).
Confirmed exposure
Any mishap with a biological program agent in which there was direct evidence of an actual exposure such as a
measurable rise in antibody titer to the agent or a confirmed diagnosis of intoxication or disease.
Contract
A mutually binding legal relationship obligating the seller to furnish the supplies or services (including construction)
and the buyer to pay for them. It includes all types of commitments that obligate the U.S. Government to an expenditure of appropriated funds and that, except as otherwise authorized, are in writing. In addition to bilateral instruments,
contracts include (but are not limited to) awards and notices of awards, job orders or task letters issued under basic
ordering agreements, letter contracts, orders such as purchase orders under which the contract becomes effective by
written acceptance or performance, and bilateral contract modifications. Contracts do not include grants and cooperative agreements covered by 31 USC 6301 and those that follow.
Contracting officer
See DoD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms.
Contractor
A private sector enterprise or the organizational element of DoD or any other government agency engaged to provide
services or products within agreed limits specified by the managing activity.
Control
Action taken to eliminate hazards or reduce their risk.
Controlled area
An area outside of a restricted area but inside the site boundary, access to which can be limited by the licensee for any
reason (see 10 CFR 20.1003).
Cost
Defense systems total ownership cost is defined as life-cycle cost. Per DoDM 5000.04, life-cycle cost includes not
only acquisition programs direct costs but also the indirect costs attributable to the acquisition program (that is, costs
that would not occur if the program did not exist). For example, indirect costs would include the infrastructure that
plans, manages, and executes a program over its full life and common support items and systems.
Curie
A unit of radioactivity equal to 37 billion Bq.
Cyclosarin
The chemical methylphosphonofluoridic acid, cyclohexyl ester. Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number
329 – 99– 7, in pure form and in the various impure forms that may be found in storage as well as in industrial, depot,
or laboratory operations.
Damage
The partial or total loss of hardware caused by component failure; exposure of hardware to heat, fire, or other environments; human errors; or other inadvertent events or conditions.
Days away from work
a. Those days when a person loses one or more work days as a result of an injury or illness, starting with the day after
the injury occurred or the illness began and including calendar days the person was unable to work, regardless of
whether the person was scheduled to work on those days (see 29 CFR 1904.7).
b. For military personnel, days away from work for onand off-duty injuries and occupational illnesses include inpatient
hospitalization, medical restrictions to quarters, convalescent leave, and commander directed removal from duties (see
DoDI 6055.07).

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

206

Days of restricted work or transfer to another job
Days on which a person is working but restricted from completing assigned tasks, works less than a full day or shift,
or is transferred to another task to accommodate the injury or illness. Calendar days not scheduled to work are included
in the count of days. Count of days is stopped when the person is either returned to their pre-injury or pre-illness job
or permanently assigned to a job that has been modified or permanently changed to eliminate the routine functions the
person was restricted from performing. For military personnel, restricted work or transfer to another job includes
limitedand light-duty assignments (see DoDI 6055.07).
Declared pregnant woman
A woman who has voluntarily informed her employer, in writing, of her pregnancy and the estimated date of conception. The declaration remains in effect until the declared pregnant woman withdraws the declaration in writing or is
no longer pregnant (see 10 CFR 20.1003).
Decommission
To remove a facility or site safely from service and reduce residual radioactivity to a level that permits release of the
property for unrestricted use and termination of the NRC license, Army reactor permit, or ARA, or release of the
property under restricted conditions and the termination of the license (see 10 CFR 20.1003).
Decommissioning
The process of safely closing a facility where nuclear materials were handled to retire it from service after its useful
life has ended. This process primarily involves decontaminating the facility to reduce residual radioactivity and then
releasing the property for unrestricted use.
Decontamination
See DoD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms.
Deep dose equivalent (Hd or H10mm or Hp(10mm))
Applies to external whole-body exposure and is the dose equivalent at a tissue depth of 1 cm (1000 mg/cm 2).
Demilitarization
The mutilation, destruction, or neutralization of chemical agent materiel, rendering it harmless and ineffectual for
military purposes.
Derived air concentration
The concentration of a given radionuclide in air which, if breathed by the reference man for a working year of 2,000
hours (40 hours per week for 50 weeks) under conditions of light work (inhalation rate 1.2 cubic meters of air per
hour), results in an intake of one ALI. DAC values are given in 10 CFR 20 Appendix B (see 10 CFR 20.1003).
Detection
See DoD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms.
Deviation
A departure from the requirements of this regulation.
Dilute chemical agent
Schedule 1 chemicals or NTAs that have been reduced in strength (less than neat) by admixture (dilution) with a
solvent. Limiting quantities and concentrations are considered a means of reducing the potential hazard or threat.
However, even at the dilute exempt concentrations, acute Schedule 1 chemical or NTA properties are still present,
thus appropriate health and safety precautions are warranted. See also definition of ultra-dilute concentrations (see AR
50 – 6). The following levels are considered dilute chemical agents:
a. Concentrations of H, HD, or HT not greater than 10 mg/ml and containing not greater than 100 mg of chemical
agent.
b. Concentrations of GB not greater than 2 mg/ml and containing a maximum quantity of 20 mg of chemical agent.
c. Concentrations of VX not greater than 1 mg/ml and containing a maximum quantity of 10 mg of chemical agent.
Distilled mustard
Bis-(2-chloroethyl)-sulfide, CAS number 505 – 60– 2. HD is H that has been purified by washing and vacuum distillation to reduce sulfur impurities. It is a vesicant (blister agent) and alkylating agent, producing cytotoxic action on the
hematopoietic (blood-forming) tissues. The rate of detoxification of HD in the body is very slow, and repeated exposures produce a cumulative effect. Its toxic hazard is high for inhalation, ingestion, and skin and eye absorption, but
the most common acute hazard is from liquid contact with eyes or skin.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

207

Dose
A generic term that means absorbed dose, dose equivalent, EDEX, CDE, CEDE, or TEDE (see 10 CFR 20.1003).
Dose equivalent (HT or HT)
The product of the absorbed dose in tissue (D) and the quality factor (Q), and all other necessary modifying factors,
at the location of interest. The units of dose equivalent are the rem and the Sv (see 10 CFR 20.1003). The dose equivalent in rem is equal to the absorbed dose in rad multiplied by Q; 1 rem = 0.01 Sv. The dose equivalent in Sv is equal
to the absorbed dose in Gy multiplied by Q; 1 Sv = 100 rem. Its purpose is to have a single unit, regardless of the type
of radiation, describing the risk of fatal cancer.
Dose of record
The official estimate of the DDE to the whole body, LDE, SDE to the skin, and SDE to the extremities based on an
assessment of a dosimeter assigned to an individual and processed by a facility holding current personnel dosimetry
accreditation from the NVLAP of the National Institutes of Standards and Technology. The dose of record may differ
from the dosimeter assessment if independent investigation demonstrates the individual did not receive the dose the
dosimeter measured. Dose of record can also include internal doses (TEDE = CEDE + EDEX).
Dosimeter
A device intended to measure radiation or evaluate any quantity of irradiation for the purpose of determining an
occupationally exposed individual’s ionizing radiation dose.
Effective dose equivalent (H(E) or HE)
The sum of the products of the dose equivalent to the organ or tissue and the weighting factors applicable to each of
the body organs or tissues that are irradiated (HE = ∑ wT HT). The units of dose equivalent are the rem and Sv (see 10
CFR 20.1003).
Effectiveness
The overall degree of mission accomplishment by a system under realistic conditions (tactics, threat, personnel, battlefield and natural environments, and so on).
Electromagnetic radiation
Radiation made up of oscillating electric and magnetic fields and propagated with the speed of light. Electric and
magnetic fields that oscillate at right angles to each other and to their direction of propagation and that travel at the
speed of light in a vacuum (300,000 kilometers per second). EMR includes gamma rays, x-rays, UV radiation, visible
light, infrared radiation, RF radiation, and extremely low frequency EMR (see table 16 – 1).
Electron volt
A unit of energy equal to 1.6x1019 joule.
Embryo or fetus
The developing human organism from conception until the time of birth (see 10 CFR 20.1003).
Engineering controls
Regulation of facility operations using prudent engineering principles such as facility design, operation sequencing,
equipment selection, and process limitations.
Engineering or construction
Those activities associated with surveying, building, and erecting, dissembling, or destroying things. Examples include
lay/clear minefields, bridging, quarrying, welding, brazing, roofing, installing electrical wiring, painting, land surveying, demolition, clearing, digging, concrete work, masonry work, dredging, and trenching.
Environment, safety, and occupational health
All of the individual, but interrelated, disciplines that encompass the processes and approaches for addressing laws,
regulations, EOs, policies, and hazards associated with environmental compliance, environmental impacts, system
safety, occupational safety and health, HAZMAT management, and pollution prevention. The system safety methodology is used across the ESOH disciplines to identify hazards and mitigate risks through the systems engineering
process.
Establishment
A single physical location where business is conducted or where services or operations are performed. Where distinctly
separate activities are performed at a single physical location, each activity will be treated as a separate establishment.
Typically, an establishment refers to a field activity, regional office, area office, installation, or facility.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

208

Evaluation
A specialized inspection designed to determine the effectiveness of a unit’s safety and health program.
Experimental chemical agents
Chemical substances being tested, developed, or altered for chemical defense purposes that are used solely by the
military, are contained in items configured as a weapon, and have toxicities equal to or greater than current nerve or
mustard agents.
Explosion
A chemical reaction of any chemical compound or mechanical mixture that, when initiated, undergoes a very rapid
combustion or decomposition, releasing large volumes of highly heated gases that exert pressure on the surrounding
medium. Depending on the rate of energy release, an explosion can be categorized as a deflagration or a detonation.
Explosive license
An installation-generated document which shows the allowable net explosives weight at each explosive site.
Explosive ordnance disposal
a. See DoD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms.
b. May also include the rendering safe or disposal of explosive ordnance that have become hazardous by damage or
deterioration when the disposal of such explosive ordnance is beyond the capabilities of personnel normally assigned
the responsibility for routine disposal. In this case, this includes applicable weapon systems, all munitions, all similar
or related items, or components explosive, energetic, or hazardous in nature. This includes explosive ordnance training
aids and items, items that could be misidentified as explosive ordnance or bombs, remotely piloted vehicles, and Army
aircraft and vehicles.
Exposed site
A location exposed to the potential hazardous effects (blast, fragments, debris, and heat flux) from an explosion at a
potential explosion site.
Exposure
The frequency and length of time personnel and equipment are subjected to a hazard. Ionizing radiation may be either
produced from machines (for example, x-ray machines and accelerators) or spontaneously emitted by RAM. An individual located near such machines or materials may be “exposed” to possible ionizing radiation emissions and sustain
an exposure.
Extremely low frequency electromagnetic radiation
EMR with a frequency less than 3 kHz.
Extremity
The hand, elbow, arm below the elbow, foot, knee, or leg below the knee (see 10 CFR 20.1003).
Fair wear and tear
Loss or impairment of appearance, effectiveness, worth, or utility of an item that has occurred solely because of normal
and customary use of the item for its intended purpose.
Family of systems
A set or arrangement of independent systems that can be arranged or interconnected in various ways to provide different capabilities. The mix of systems can be tailored to provide desired capabilities, dependent on the situation. An
example of a family of systems is a unit of action that included armor, infantry, artillery, and combat support systems.
Field operations
Operations conducted outdoors or outside of manmade enclosures or structures that contain built-in alarms or engineered chemical agent controls. Short-term operations in storage structures are also considered field operations.
First aid
See 29 CFR 1904.7(b)(5)(ii).
Foreign object damage
Damage to Army vehicle/equipment/property as a result of objects alien to the vehicle/equipment damaged. Excludes
aircraft turbine engines defined as an FOD incident.
Foreign radioactive sources
Like U.S. military equipment, some foreign materiel contains RAM. In most instances, there is only a very small
amount of RAM involved, and it is in a container called a “source.” These RAMs do not present a hazard to personnel

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

209

working close to them unless a radioactive source is unwittingly tampered with or in some way damaged. To preclude
a potentially hazardous situation, it is important that radioactive sources on foreign materiel be properly handled.
Friendly fire/fratricide
A circumstance in which authorized members of U.S. or friendly military forces, U.S. or friendly official government
employees, DoD or friendly nation contractor personnel, and nongovernmental organizations or private volunteer
organizations, who, while accompanying or operating with the U.S. Armed Forces, are mistakenly or accidentally
killed or wounded in action by U.S. or friendly forces actively engaged with an enemy or who are directing fire at a
hostile force or what is thought to be a hostile force (see DoDI 6055.07).
Fuze (fuzing system)
A physical system designed to sense a target or respond to one or more prescribed conditions such as elapsed time,
pressure, or command and initiate a train of fire or detonation in a munition. Safety and arming are primary roles
performed by a fuze to preclude ignition of the munition before the desired position or time.
Garrison
An organization that operates the installation and provides base operations services to tenant organizations. The garrison normally belongs to the IMCOM.
Giga
An SI unit prefix indicating a factor of one billion (1x10 9).
Government motor vehicle
A motor vehicle that is owned, leased, or rented by a DoD component (not an individual), primarily designed for overthe-road operations, and whose general purpose is the transportation of cargo or personnel. Examples are passenger
cars, station wagons, vans, ambulances, buses, motorcycles, trucks, and tractor-trailers. Vehicles on receipt to and
operated by non-DoD persons, agencies, or activities such as the U.S. Postal Service or the American Red Cross are
not government motor vehicles (see DoDI 6055.04).
Government-furnished equipment
Property in the possession of or acquired directly by the U.S. Government, and subsequently delivered to or otherwise
made available for use.
Ground mishap
A mishap that occurs on land, involves DoD activities, and results in occupational illness to DoD personnel, injury to
DoD military personnel on or off duty, injury to on-duty civilian personnel or DoD-supervised contractor employees,
damage to DoD property, and damage to private property or injury or illness to non-DoD personnel caused by DoD
activities, but does not involve damages to DoD aircraft, missiles, explosives, chemical agents, motor vehicles, space
systems and support equipment, or nuclear weapons or reactors (see DoDI 6055.07, glossary).
Guided missile
A military-unique item consisting of all missiles propelled through air or water that are unmanned, guided by internal
or external systems, and self-propelled. This term includes individual major missile components such as stages, guidance and control sections, payloads other than nuclear re-entry vehicles; system equipment required to place the missile in an operational status while at the launch or launch control facility or on the launching aircraft; and system
equipment required to launch and control the missile. Examples are intercontinental ballistic missiles; surface-to-air,
air-to-air, and air-to-surface guided missiles; and torpedoes. This term includes all missiles that are owned in whole
or in part by a DoD component; operationally controlled by a DoD component; on bailment or loan to a non-DoD
entity for modification, testing, or as an experimental project for a DoD component; or under test by a DoD component
(see DoDI 6055.07).
Hardware
The physical, touchable, material parts of a computer or other system. The term is used to distinguish these fixed parts
of a system from the more changeable software or data components it executes, stores, or carries. Computer hardware
typically consists chiefly of electronic devices (central processing unit, memory, and display) with some electromechanical parts (keyboard, printer, disk drives, tape drives, and loudspeakers) for input, output, and storage.
Hazard
See FM 1 – 02.1.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

210

Hazard analysis
A hazard analysis is a clear, systemic, concise, well-defined, orderly, consistent, closed-loop, quantitative or qualitative, and objective methodology used to identify possible hazards within a mission, system, equipment, or process that
can cause losses to the mission, equipment, process, personnel, or damage to the environment. Examples of hazard
analyses are what-if, preliminary hazard analysis, sneak circuit analysis, hazard and operability study, fault tree analysis, failure mode and effects analysis, and fault hazard analysis.
Hazard classification
Process by which HAZMAT are assigned to one of the nine United Nations-recognized classes of dangerous goods
(see DESR 6055.09).
Hazardous chemicals
Any chemical which is classified as a physical hazard or a health hazard, a simple asphyxiant, combustible dust,
pyrophoric gas, or hazard not otherwise classified (see 29 CFR 1910.1200).
Hazardous materials
Hazardous chemicals, hazardous substances, hazardous wastes, or engineered nanomaterials, where applicable (see
DoDI 6050.05.)
Hazardous waste
A waste or combination of wastes as defined in 40 CFR 261.3, or those substances defined as hazardous wastes in 49
CFR 171.8.
Health hazard
A chemical which is classified as posing one of the following hazardous effects: acute toxicity (any route of exposure);
skin corrosion or irritation; serious eye damage or eye irritation; respiratory or skin sensitization; germ cell mutagenicity; carcinogenicity; reproductive toxicity; specific target organ toxicity (single or repeated exposure); or aspiration
hazard. The criteria for determining whether a chemical is classified as a health hazard are detailed in 29 CFR
1910.1200, Appendix A (see AR 602 – 2).
Health hazard assessment
The application of biomedical knowledge and principles to document and quantitatively determine the health hazards
of Army systems. This assessment identifies, evaluates, and recommends controls to reduce risks to the healthy and
effectiveness of personnel who test, use, or service Army systems. This assessment includes:
a. The evaluation of hazard severity, hazard probability, risk assessment, consequences, and operational constraints.
b. The identification of required precautions and protective devices.
c. Training requirements (see AR 40 – 10).
Hertz
The SI unit of frequency equivalent to one vibration (cycle) per second.
High intensity optical source
Includes nonlaser sources of high intensity UV, visible radiation, and infrared radiation. These include, but are not
limited to, welding and cutting arcs, searchlights, UV germicidal/disinfection lamps and UV gel trans-illuminator
lamps, xenon arc lamps, UV phototherapy lamps in dermatology clinics, therapy lamps in neonatal clinics (not including bili blankets), UV LEDs, fluorescence inspection lamps, operating microscopes, and curing lamps.
High radiation area
An area accessible to individuals in which radiation levels from radiation sources external to the body could result in
an individual receiving a dose equivalent in excess of 100 mrem (1 mSv) in 1 hour at 30 cm from the radiation source
or 30 cm from any surface that the radiation penetrates (see 10 CFR 20.1003).
Human error
Human performance that deviated from that required by the operational standards or situation. Human error in mishaps
can be attributed to a system inadequacy/root cause in training, standard, leader, individual, or support failure indicated
by human factors and/or human factors engineering.
Human factors
Human interactions (man, machine, and/or environment) in a sequence of events that were influenced by, or the lack
of, human activity which resulted or could result in an Army mishap.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

211

Human systems integration
A comprehensive management and technical strategy, initiated early in the acquisition process, to ensure that human
performance, the burden the design imposes on manpower, personnel, and training, and safety and health aspects are
considered through the system design and development process (see AR 602 – 2).
Identified risk
That risk which has been determined through various analysis techniques.
Imminent danger
Any conditions or practices in any workplace which are such that a danger exists which could reasonably be expected
to cause death or serious physical harm immediately or before the imminence of such danger can be eliminated through
normal procedures (see 29 CFR 1960.2(u)).
Impact area
The ground and associated airspace within the training complex used to contain fired or launched AE and the resulting
fragments, debris, and components from various weapon systems. A weapon system impact area is the area within the
surface danger zone used to contain fired or launched AE and the resulting fragments, debris, and components. Indirect
fire weapon system impact areas include probable error for range and deflection. Direct fire weapon system impact
areas encompass the total surface danger zone from the firing point or positions down range to distance X.
a. Temporary impact area. An impact area within the training complex used for a limited period of time to contain
fired or launched AE and the resulting fragments, debris, and components. Temporary impact areas are normally used
for non-dud producing AE and should be able to be cleared and returned to other training support activities following
termination of firing.
b. Dedicated impact area. An impact area that is permanently designated within the training complex and used indefinitely to contain fired or launched AE and the resulting fragments, debris, and components. Dedicated impact areas
are normally used for less sensitive AE than that employed in high-hazard impact areas. However, any impact area
containing fused high explosive or white phosphorous duds represent a high risk to personnel and access must be
limited and strictly controlled.
c. High-hazard impact area. An impact area that is permanently designated within the training complex and used to
contain sensitive high explosive AE and the resulting fragments, debris, and components. High-hazard impact areas
are normally established as part of dedicated impact areas where access is limited and strictly controlled because of
the extreme hazard of dud ordnance such as improved conventional munitions, high explosive anti-tank, 40mm, and
other highly sensitive AE.
Industrial chemical
Chemicals developed or manufactured for use in industrial operations or research by industry, government, or academia. Man does not primarily manufacture these chemicals for the specific purpose of producing human casualties
or rendering equipment, facilities, or areas dangerous for use.
Infectious agents and toxins
Fungi, virus, bacteria, prions, rickettsia, parasites, or a viable microorganism or its toxin, or a prion that lacks nucleic
acids that causes or may cause disease; includes clinical cultures.
Infrared radiation
EMR with a wavelength between 760 – 780 nm and 1 mm.
Initial capabilities document
Documents the need for a materiel approach to a specific capability gap derived from an initial analysis of materiel
approaches executed by the operational user and, as required, an independent analysis of materiel alternatives. It defines the capability gap in terms of the functional area, the relevant range of military operations, desired effects, and
time. The ICD summarizes the results of the doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership and education, personnel, and facilities analysis and describes why non-materiel changes alone have been judged inadequate in fully
providing the capability (see AR 70 – 1).
Injury or illness
a. See DoD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms.
b. An abnormal condition or disorder. Illness includes both acute and chronic illnesses, such as, but not limited to, a
skin disease, respiratory disorder, or poisoning (see 29 CFR 1960.2(l)).

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

212

In-process review
Review of a project or program at critical points to evaluate the status and make recommendations to the decision
authority.
Inspection
A comprehensive survey of all or part of a workplace in order to detect safety and health hazards. Inspections are
normally performed during the regular work hours of the agency, except as special circumstances may require. Inspections do not include routine, day-to-day visits by agency occupational safety and health personnel, or routine
workplace surveillance of OH conditions (see 29 CFR 1960.2(k)). It is also the process of determining compliance
with safety and health standards through formal and informal surveys of workplaces, operations, and facilities.
Installation
An aggregation of contiguous, or near contiguous, common mission-supporting real property holdings under the jurisdiction of or possession controlled by the DA or by a state, commonwealth, territory, or the District of Columbia
and at which an Army unit or activity (Active Reserve, Army Reserve, or ARNG) is assigned.
Installation radiation safety officer
Appointed in writing by the senior commander of the Army installation. It is recommend the installation RSO be the
senior full-time radiation professional responsible for providing radiation support to Army installations, including
camps, stations, military communities, and USAR organizations that have, use, store, and transport RAMs that are
under an NRC license. The 72A nuclear medical science officer, GS – 1306 health physicist, or the senior Level 3 RSO
on the installation would be the ideal person to have oversight of the installation radiation program.
Installation safety director
The ISD leads the ISO and is responsible to direct, synchronize, and deliver installation safety functions, in accordance
with senior commander direction, as well as federal, DoD, and Army regulations. He or she is normally assigned to
either the senior commander’s safety office or the garrison safety office and is appointed on orders by the senior
commander.
Installation safety office
The ISO is a general term referring to personnel who facilitate the installation safety functions, under the authority of
the senior commander. The ISO is comprised of personnel assigned to the senior commander’s safety office and the
garrison safety office, under the general direction of the ISD with oversight by the senior commander and garrison
commander. These offices may be co-located at the senior commander’s discretion, but all personnel authorizations
and resources remain assigned to and support the primary mission of their parent command. Additionally, each safety
director reports to, and is rated by, their parent command.
Institutional Army
The institutional Army supports the operational Army. Institutional organizations provide the infrastructure necessary
to raise, train, equip, deploy, and ensure the readiness of all Army forces. The training base provides military skills
and professional education to every Soldier as well as members of sister services and allied forces. It also allows the
Army to expand rapidly in time of war. The industrial base provides world-class equipment and logistics for the Army.
Army installations provide the power-projection platforms required to deploy land forces promptly to support combatant commanders. Once those forces are deployed, the institutional Army provides the logistics needed to support
them.
Intake
The amount of RAM taken into the body by inhalation, absorption through the skin, injection, ingestion, or through
wounds.
Intent for flight
Exists when aircraft brakes are released or takeoff power is applied for commencing an authorized flight. For catapultassisted takeoffs, flight begins at first motion of the catapult after the pilot has indicated readiness for launch. Intent
for flight continues until either the fixed-wing aircraft taxies clear of the runway or, for helicopters or vertical takeoff
and landing aircraft, the aircraft has alighted and the aircraft weight is wholly supported by the landing gear (see DoDI
6055.07, glossary).
Internal dose
The portion of the dose equivalent received from RAM taken into the body.
Investigation
A systematic study of a mishap, incident, injury, or occupational illness circumstances.
AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

213

Ionizing radiation
a. See DoD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms.
b. Charged subatomic particles and ionized atoms with kinetic energies greater than 12.4 eV, EMR with photon energies greater than 12.4 eV, and all free neutrons and other uncharged subatomic particles (except neutrinos and antineutrinos).
Kilo
SI units prefix indicating a factor of 1000.
Laboratory
An individual room or rooms within a facility that provide space in which work with etiologic or chemical agents may
be performed. It contains appropriate engineering features and equipment required for either a given BSL or chemical
agent to protect personnel working in the laboratory and the environment and personnel outside of the laboratory.
Laser
Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation; a device that produces an intense, coherent, directional beam
of light by stimulating electronic or molecular transitions to higher energy levels. Lasers are classified by the degree
of potential hazard (see 21 CFR 1040.10, ANSI Z136.1, for comprehensive definitions of laser hazard classes and TB
MED 524 and JP 3 – 09 for more information on lasers.)
Lens dose equivalent (H3mm or Hp (3 mm))
The dose equivalent to the lens of the eye from external exposure of the lens of the eye to some ionizing radiation
source. It is measured at an eye lens tissue depth of 0.3 cm (300 mg/cm2) (see 10 CFR 20.1003).
Levinstein mustard
A chemical consisting of a mixture of 70 percent bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide and 30 percent sulfur impurities produced
by the Levinstein process.
Lewisite
The chemical dichloro-(2-chlorovinyl)-arsine, CAS number 541 – 25 – 3, in pure form and in the various impure forms
that may be found in storage as well as in industrial, depot, or laboratory operations. L is a lethal vesicant (blister
agent). The toxic hazard of L is high for inhalation, ingestion, and skin and eye exposure, although the most severe
effects occur from liquid contact with eyes or skin.
Lifecycle
See DoD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms.
Life-cycle management
A management process applied throughout the life of a system that bases all programmatic decisions on the anticipated
mission-related and economic benefits derived over the life of the system.
Limits
The permissible upper bounds of radiation doses (see 10 CFR 20.1003).
Maintenance/repair/servicing
Activities associated with the maintenance, repair, or servicing of equipment and other property. Excludes janitorial,
housekeeping, or grounds keeping activities. Examples include install/remove/modify equipment, tune/adjust/align/connect, hot-metal work, cold-metal work, plastic working, soldering, repairing tires, inspecting tires/batteries, fueling/defueling, changing/inflating tires, and charging batteries.
Malfunction
Failure of an ammunition item to function as expected when fired, launched, or when explosive items function under
conditions that should not cause functioning. Malfunctions include hang-fires, misfires, duds, abnormal functioning,
and premature functioning of explosive items under normal handling, maintenance, storage, transportation, and tactical deployment. Malfunctions do not include mishaps or incidents that arise solely from negligence, all practice, or
situations such as vehicle mishaps or fires.
Maritime (afloat) mishaps
An unplanned event that involves a collision, grounding, sinking, fire, or explosion as a result of the operation of any
Army watercraft. They also involve military and operational diving (which does not include recreational diving) and
hyperbaric exposure mishaps or amphibious swimming operations resulting in injury or illness to persons or damage
to watercraft, cargo, or other property.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

214

a. Maritime mishaps include mishaps occurring while loading, off-loading, or receiving services at dockside; damage
to Army property handled as an onboard commodity; mishaps occurring during amphibious or on-shore warfare training operation; and damage and all injuries to Army personnel occurring onboard.
b. Maritime mishaps do not include mishaps that are reportable under other major categories prescribed in this regulation and DA Pam 385 – 40. For example, aviation, missile, or chemical agent mishaps.
Materiel acquisition decision process
Those milestone reviews held to determine if a system is ready to progress to the next phase of the acquisition process.
Materiel developer
Command or agency responsible for the functional support for the research, development, and acquisition process.
The research, development, and acquisition command, agency, or office assigned responsibility for the system under
development or being acquired. The term may be used generically to refer to the research, development, and acquisition community in the materiel acquisition process (counterpart to the generic use of CAPDEV).
Materiel development
The conception, development, and execution of solutions to materiel requirements identified and initiated through the
capability developments process, translating equipment requirements into executable programs within acceptable performance, schedule, and cost parameters.
Maximum credible event
The most disastrous maximum credible loss identified for a given system or operation. In explosives and chemical
agent hazards evaluation, the maximum credible event from a hypothesized accidental explosion, fire, or toxic chemical agent release (with explosives contribution) is the worst single event that is likely to occur from a given quantity
and disposition of AE. The event must be realistic, with a reasonable likelihood of occurrence considering the means
of initiation, explosion propagation, burning rate characteristics, and physical protection given to the items involved.
Medical surveillance
A program composed of preplacement, job transfer, periodic, and termination examinations that are provided to all
personnel potentially exposed to chemical agent health hazards in the work environment.
Medical treatment
The management and care of a patient to combat disease or disorder. It does not include visits to a physician or licensed
health care professional solely for observation or counseling, diagnostic procedures, or first aid.
Member of the public
Any individual except when that individual is receiving an occupational dose (see 10 CFR 20.1003).
Micro
SI units prefix indicating a factor of one one-millionth (1x106).
Milestone
The major decision point that initiates the next phase of an acquisition program. Major Defense Acquisition Program
milestones may include, for example, the decisions to begin engineering and manufacturing development, or to begin
either low-rate initial or full-rate production. Major Automated Information System program milestones may include,
for example, the decision to begin program definition and risk reduction.
Milestone decision authority
The person in whom is vested the authority to make milestone decisions. This may be the Defense Acquisition Executive, the component acquisition executive (for the Army, this is the AAE), or the PEO.
Military personnel
All U.S. military personnel on active duty, USAR or ARNG personnel on active duty or performing inactive duty
training, Service Academy midshipmen/cadets, officer candidates in officer candidate school and Aviation Officer
Candidate School, Reserve Officers’ Training Corps cadets when engaged in directed training activities, and foreign
national military personnel assigned to the DoD components (see DoDI 6055.04).
Military treatment facility
Civilian or uniformed services medical centers, hospitals, clinics, or other facilities that are authorized to provide
medical, dental, or veterinary care.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

215

Military-exempt lasers
Those lasers and laser systems that the FDA has exempted from the provisions of 21 CFR 1040.10, 21 CFR 1040. 11,
and 21 CFR 1002 (except 21 CFR 1002.20) (exemption no. 76 – EL– 01 DoD). These laser products are used exclusively by DoD components and are designed for actual combat or combat training operations or are classified in the
interest of national security.
Military-unique equipment, systems, and operations
Excludes from the scope of 29 CFR 1960 the design of DoD equipment and systems that are unique to the national
defense mission, such as military aircraft, ships, submarines, missiles, and missile sites; early warning systems; military space systems; artillery; tanks; and tactical vehicles. Also excludes operations that are uniquely military such as
field maneuvers, naval operations, military flight operations, associated research test and development activities, and
actions required under emergency conditions. The term includes within the scope of the order DoD workplaces and
operations comparable to those of industry in the private sector such as vessel, aircraft, and vehicle repair, overhaul,
and modification (except for equipment trials); construction; supply services; civil engineering or public works; medical services; and office work.
Milli
SI units prefix indicating a factor of one one-thousandth (0.001).
Minor
An individual less than 18 years of age (see 10 CFR 20.1003).
Mishap
Any unplanned event or series of events that results in death, injury, or illness to personnel, or damage to or loss of
equipment or property. (Within the context of this regulation, mishap is synonymous with accident.)
Mishap probability
The aggregate probability of occurrence of the individual events/hazards that create a specific hazard.
Modeling and simulation
The development and use of live, virtual, and constructive models including simulators, stimulators, emulators, and
prototypes to investigate, understand, or provide experiential stimulus to either conceptual systems that do not exist
or real life systems that cannot accept experimentation or observation because of resource, range, security, or safety
limitations. This investigation and understanding in a synthetic environment will support decisions in the domains of
research, development, and acquisition and in advanced concepts and requirements, or will transfer necessary experiential effects in the training, exercises, and military operations domain.
Monitoring
The continued or periodic act of seeking to determine whether a chemical agent is present. Also known as radiation
monitoring or radiation protection monitoring. Monitoring is measurement of radiation levels, concentrations, surface
area concentration, or quantities of RAM. Monitoring can also mean the use of data to evaluate or document actual or
potential personnel occupational exposures to ionizing radiation sources or devices (see 10 CFR 20.1003).
Motor vehicle
Any transportation device (that operates on land) with a motor powered by fossil fuels, electricity, or other external
sources of energy, except devices moved by human power or used exclusively on stationary rails or tracks (see DoDI
6055.04). Bicycles are not motor vehicles.
Motorcycle
Any motor vehicle having a seat or saddle for the use of its operator and designed to travel on not more than three
wheels (includes mopeds, motor scooters, and pocket bikes; does not include ATVs) (see DoDI 6055.04).
Munitions and certain materials of interest
When recovered, includes munitions that contain an unknown liquid fill, certain materials (for example, laboratory
vials and closed cavity containers encountered at a chemical warfare materiel site) that contain an unknown liquid fill,
and chemical agent identification sets.
Munitions and explosives of concern
Distinguishes specific categories of military munitions that may pose unique explosives safety risks; UXO, as defined
in 10 USC 101(e)(5)(A) through (C), discarded military munitions as defined in 10 USC 2710(e)(2), or munitions
constituents (for example, TNT, research department explosive) present in high enough concentrations to pose an
explosive hazard.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

216

Munitions response
Response actions, including investigation, removal actions, and remedial actions to address the explosives safety,
human health, or environmental risks presented by UXO, discarded military munitions, or munitions constituents.
Mustard
The chemical bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide, CAS registry No. 505 – 60– 2, in pure form and in the various impure forms
that may be found in munitions as well as field, industrial, or laboratory operations. These include H, HD, and closely
related preparations. This standard is not meant to be applied to nitrogen mustards.
Mustard T-mixture
A lethal vesicant composed of approximately 60 percent HD [bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide] and 40 percent agent T
{bis[2-(2-chloroethylthio)ethyl]ether}. Both HD and T are alkylating agents. HT is monitored as HD. It is expected
that the effects of HT would encompass those of both HD and T.
Naturally occurring or accelerated produced radioactive material
RAM not classified as a byproduct, special, or source material; NARM includes naturally occurring RAM.
Near miss
An undesired event that, under slightly different circumstances, would have resulted in personal harm, property damage, or an undesired loss of resources (see DoDI 6055.07).
Nerve agent
See FM 1 – 02.1.
Nonappropriated fund employees
See AR 215 – 4.
Nondevelopmental item
Items (hardware, software, communications/networks, and so forth) that are used in the system development program,
but are not developed as part of the program. NDIs include, but are not limited to, COTS items, government-off-theshelf, government-furnished equipment, re-use items, or previously developed items provided to the program “as is.”
Nonionizing radiation
EMR with photon energies less than 12.4 eV.
Nonionizing radiation safety officer
The person that the commander designates, in writing, as the executive lead for the command’s NRSOHP. These
individuals are provided training commensurate with the nonionzing radiation hazards they manage.
Nontactical vehicle
A governmentor Army-owned, leased, or rented vehicle that is not a tactical vehicle and is primarily designed for
over-the-road operations for the general purpose of transporting cargo or personnel. Examples include transportation
motor pool/commercial trucks, ambulances, buses, motorcycles, sedans, sport utility vehicles, fire trucks, and refueling vehicles.
Non-traditional agents
Chemical agents as defined by DoDI 5210.65.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
A U.S. Government agency that was established by the Atomic Energy Commission’s Energy Reorganization Act of
1974 and was first opened January 19, 1975. The NRC oversees reactor safety and security, reactor licensing and
renewal, RAM safety, security and licensing, and spent fuel management (such as storage, security, recycling, and
disposal).
Nuclear weapon
A device in which the explosion results from the energy released by reactions involving atomic nuclei, either fission,
fusion, or both. For the purpose of this regulation, nuclear components of weapons are also included.
Occupational dose
The dose received by an individual in the course of employment in which the individual’s assigned duties involve
exposure to radiation or to RAM from regulated and unregulated sources of radiation, whether in the possession of
the employer or another person. Occupational dose does not include dose received from background radiation, from
any medical administration the individual has received, from exposure to individuals administered RAM and released
in accordance with applicable regulations, from voluntary participation in medical research programs, or as a member

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

217

of the public (see 10 CFR 20.1003). Workplace exposure to naturally occurring RAM, such as radon, considered
background radiation by NRC may be considered an occupational exposure by OSHA and regulated under 29 CFR
1910.1096.
Occupational hazard
Conditions, procedures, and practices directly related to the work environment that creates a potential for producing
occupational injuries or illnesses.
Occupational illness
Nontraumatic physiological harm or loss of capacity produced by systemic infection, continued or repeated stress or
strain (for example, exposure to toxins, poisons, or fumes), or other continued and repeated exposures to conditions
of the work environment over a long period of time. Includes any abnormal physical or psychological condition or
disorder resulting from an injury caused by long or short-term exposure to chemical, biological, or physical agents
associated with the occupational environment. For practical purposes, an occupational illness is any reported condition
that does not meet the definition of an injury.
Occupational injury
A wound or other condition of the body caused by external force, including stress or strain. The injury is identifiable
as to time and place of the occurrence and a member or function of the body affected and is caused by a specific event,
incident, or series of events or incidents within a single day or work shift.
Occupationally exposed individual
Any individual who receives an occupational dose of radiation as a result of employment in an occupation involving
the use of RAM or equipment capable of producing ionizing radiation.
Off duty
DoD personnel are off duty when they are not on duty. Component 2 and 3 personnel performing inactive duty training
(for example, drill, additional flight training program flights) will be considered off duty:
a. When traveling to or from the place at which such duty is performed; or
b. While remaining overnight, immediately before the commencement of inactive duty training; or
c. While remaining overnight between successive periods of inactive duty training, at or in the vicinity of the site of
the inactive duty training, unless the site of the inactive duty training is outside reasonable commuting distance of the
member’s residence.
On duty
Army personnel are considered on duty for purposes of mishaps when they are—
a. Physically present at any location where they are to perform their officially assigned work. Officially assigned work
includes organization-sponsored events an employee is permitted to attend, regardless of location. This includes those
activities incident to normal work activities that occur on Army installations, such as lunch, coffee, or rest breaks and
all activities aboard military vessels (see DoDI 6055.07).
b. Being transported by DoD or commercial conveyance to perform officially assigned work. (This includes reimbursable travel in POVs for performing official duty, but not for routine travel to and from work see DoDI 6055.07.)
Operating vehicle
Activities associated with operating vehicles or vessels under power. Examples include driving, convoying/road
marching, towing/pushing, mowing, hauling/transporting, driver testing, flying, and vehicle road testing.
Operational Army
Consists of numbered armies, corps, divisions, brigades, and battalions that conduct full spectrum operations around
the world.
Operational control
See DoD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms.
Permanent partial disability
An injury or occupational illness that does not result in death or permanent total disability, but, in the opinion of
competent medical authority, results in permanent impairment through loss of the use of any part of the body with the
following exceptions: teeth, fingernails, toe nails, tips of fingers or tips of toes without bone involvement, inguinal
hernia, disfigurement, or sprains or strains that do not cause permanent loss of motion (see DoDI 6055.07).

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

218

Permanent total disability
Any nonfatal injury or occupational illness that in the opinion of competent medical authority permanently or totally
incapacitates a person to the extent that he or she cannot follow any gainful occupation and results in a medical discharge or civilian equivalent (see DoDI 6055.07). (The loss, or the loss of use of both hands, both feet, both eyes, or
a combination of any of those body parts as a result of a single mishap will be considered as a permanent total disability.)
Peta
An SI unit prefix indicating a factor of one million billion (1x1015).
Physical training
Body conditioning or confidence building activities; excludes combat skills development. Examples include confidence courses, combat football, combat basketball, push-ball, marches, calisthenics, pugil stick, running/jogging, and
physical training test.
Planned special exposure
An infrequent exposure to radiation, separate from and in addition to the prevailing permissible annual dose limits
(see 10 CFR 20.1003).
Privileged safety information
Information that is reflective of a deliberative process in the safety investigation or given to a safety investigator
pursuant to a promise of confidentiality, which the safety privilege protects from being released outside safety channels or from being used for any purpose except mishap prevention. It includes products such as draft and final findings,
evaluations, opinions, preliminary discussions, conclusions, mishap causes, recommendations, analyses, and other
material that would reveal the deliberations of safety investigators, including reviews and endorsements. It also includes information given to a safety investigator pursuant to a promise of confidentiality and any information derived
from that information or direct or indirect references to that information (see DoDI 6055.07, glossary).
Probability
The qualitative or quantitative likelihood of a particular event or sequence of actions initiated by a hazard-related
cause resulting in the maximum credible loss. Probability can be expressed as the product of the incident rate and
mishap set likelihood.
Program manager
An HQDA board-selected manager for a system or program. A PM may be subordinate to the AAE, PEO, or a materiel
command commander. Refers to the management level of intensity the U.S. Army assigns to a particular weapon
system or information system. As a general rule, a PM is a general officer or SES; a project manager is an O –6 or
GS– 15; a product manager is an O – 5 or GS– 14.
Programmatic environment, safety, and occupational health evaluation
The PESHE is the program office’s acquisition documentation of the ESOH aspects of the program. The PESHE is
required at program initiation for ships, Milestones B and C, and full-rate production decision review. It is recommended that the PESHE be updated for the commander.
Qualified expert
A person who, by virtue of training and experience, can provide competent, authoritative guidance on specific aspects
of radiation safety. Being a qualified expert in one aspect of radiation safety does not necessarily mean that a person
is a qualified expert in a different aspect.
Qualified safety professional
Includes persons who meet Office of Personnel Management standards for SOH manager/specialist (GS – 0018) and
safety engineer (GS/GM – 0803). Other job specialties will provide support in their respective specialty areas.
Qualitative
Relative evaluation methodology using nonmathematical processes.
Quality assurance specialist–ammunition specialist
DA Civilian personnel in the grade of GS – 09 or above who have received 2 years of ammunition training and are
qualified according to AR 75 –1 to assist in performing malfunction investigations.
Quantitative
Evaluations based on numerical values and mathematical calculations.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

219

Quantity distance
The quantity of explosives material and distance separation relationships that provide defined types of protection.
Rad
A unit of absorbed dose. One rad is equal to an absorbed dose of 0.01 joule/kilogram (0.01 Gy) (see 10 CFR 20.1004).
Radiation
For purposes of this regulation, a generic term that may variously refer to alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays,
x-rays, neutrons, high-speed electrons, high-speed protons, and other particles capable of producing ionization. This
term is not intended to connote nonionizing radiation, such as RF, microwave, visible light, infrared, or UV (see 10
CFR 20.1003).
Radiation area
An area accessible to individuals in which radiation levels could result in an individual receiving a dose equivalent in
excess of 0.005 rem (0.05 mSv) in 1 hour at 30 cm from the radiation source or from any surface that the radiation
penetrates (see 10 CFR 20.1003).
Radiation safety
For the purposes of this regulation, a discipline whose objective is the protection of people and the environment from
unnecessary exposure to radiation. Radiation safety is concerned with understanding, evaluating, and controlling the
risks from radiation exposure relative to the benefits derived. Same as “radiation protection.” Health physics has the
same objective, but is a scientific discipline.
Radiation Safety Council
An advisory committee for the commander/director to assess the adequacy of the command’s RSP. Same as “Radiation
Control Committee” and “Radiation Protection Committee.”
Radiation safety officer
The person that the commander designates, in writing, as the executive lead for the command’s radiation SOH program
(same as “radiation protection officer”). These individuals are provided training commensurate with the radiation
hazards they manage.
Radiation safety program
A program to implement the objective of radiation safety. The Army RSP includes all aspects of:
a. Measurement and evaluation of radiation and RAM pertaining to the protection of personnel and the environment.
b. Army compliance with federal, DoD, and Army radiation safety regulations.
c. The Army’s radiation dosimetry, radiation bioassay, radioactive waste disposal, radiation safety training, and radiation instrument test, measurement, and diagnostic equipment and calibration programs.
Radiation safety staff officer
The top radiation SME for ACOMs (AMC, AFC, FORSCOM, and TRADOC), ASCCs, and DRUs. Directs the command RSP, establishes the radiation safety policy for the headquarters, and ensures the implementation of Army radiation safety policy across the command. The RSSO provides radiation safety consultation to his or her headquarters
command and leadership chains, staffs, and to subordinate commanders and staffs. The RSSO coordinates reporting
of mishaps and/or incidents involving radiation, to include when applicable, coordination with the licensee. The RSSO
serves as his or her headquarter command’s top radiation safety POC. It is recommended the RSSO be a 72A nuclear
medical science officer or GS– 1306 health physicist.
Radiation sources
Material, equipment, or devices which spontaneously generate or are capable of generating ionizing radiation. They
include the following:
a. Nuclear reactors.
b. Medical or dental radiographic or fluoroscopic x-ray systems.
c. Particle generators and accelerators.
d. Certain electromagnetic generators, such as klystron, magnetron, rectifier, cold-cathode, and other electron tubes
operating at electrical potentials that result in the production of x-rays of such energy as to be of radiological concern.
e. X-ray diffraction, industrial radiographic, and spectrographic equipment.
f. Electron microscopes.
g. Electron-beam welding, melting, and cutting equipment.
h. Nuclear moisture and density gauges.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

220

i. RAM. Natural or accelerator produced RAMs, byproduct materials, source materials, special nuclear materials,
fission products, materials containing induced or deposited radioactivity, and radioactive commodities.
Radiation work permit
Locally developed and completed by the area supervisor and countersigned by the RSO prior to the start of any work
in a restricted area. It describes the potential radiation hazards and PCE requirements for a given work assignment. It
also provides a record of radiation exposures received by individuals during a given work assignment. The radiation
work permit will be initiated by the area supervisor or the RSO when required to minimize the exposure to the radiation
worker(s).
Radioactive commodity
An item of government property made up in whole or in part of RAM to which a national stock number or part number
is assigned. Examples of Army radioactive commodities include tritium fire control devices, chemical agent detectors/monitors, lensatic compasses, DU munitions, radioluminescent sights and gauges on vehicles, and moisture density gauges.
Radioactive waste
Solid, liquid, or gaseous material that contains radionuclides regulated under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as
amended, or is of sufficient quantity to require an ARA, and is of negligible economic value considering the cost of
recovery.
Radioactive waste, low-level
Material NRC classifies as low-level radioactive waste (see 10 CFR 62.2); waste not classified as high-level radioactive waste (spent nuclear fuel), as transuranic waste, or as uranium or thorium tailings and waste; material acceptable
for burial in a land disposal facility (see 10 CFR 61).
Radionuclide
A radioactive species of atom characterized by its mass number (A), atomic number (Z), and nuclear energy state,
provided that the mean life of that state is long enough to be observable.
Reactor mishap
Reactor mishaps are based upon the International Atomic Energy Agency International Nuclear and Radiological
Event Scale https://www.iaea.org/resources/databases/international-nuclear-and-radiological-event-scale.
Real time
A period of less than 15 minutes.
Recommendations
Those actions advocated to the command to correct system inadequacies that caused, contributed, or could cause or
contribute to an Army mishap. Also referred to in this regulation as corrective action, remedial measures, and/or
countermeasures.
Recreational off-highway vehicles
Motorized vehicles designed for off-highway use with the following features: four or more pneumatic tires designed
for off-highway use; bench or bucket seats for two or more occupants; automotive-type controls for steering, throttle,
and braking; and a maximum vehicle speed greater than 30 miles per hour. Also equipped with rollover protective
structures, seat belts, and other restraints (such as doors, nets, and shoulder barriers) for the protection of occupants.
Rem
A unit of any of the quantities expressed as dose equivalent. The dose equivalent in rems is equal to the absorbed dose
in rads multiplied by Q (1 rem=0.01 Sv) (see 10 CFR 20.1004).
Reportable mishap
All occurrences that cause injury, occupational illness, or property damage of any kind must be reported to the Soldier’s/employee’s/unit’s servicing/supporting safety office.
Research, development, test, and evaluation solution
Solutions of a chemical agent in concentrations and quantities reduced by admixture (dilution) to levels that can be
handled with the same precautions associated with hazardous industrial chemicals (acids, bases, or solvents). The
following levels are considered RDT&E solutions:
a. Concentrations of H, HD, or HT not greater than 10 mg/ milliliter (ml) and containing not greater than 100 mg of
chemical agent.
b. Concentrations of GB no greater than 2 mg/ml and containing a maximum quantity of 20 mg of chemical agent.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

221

c. Concentrations of VX no greater than 1 mg/ml and containing a maximum quantity of 10 mg of chemical agent.
d. Concentrations of L and mustard-Lewisite mixture (HL) not greater than 5 mg/ml and containing a maximum
quantity of 50 mg of chemical agent.
Residual hazards
Hazards that are not eliminated by design.
Residual risk
The levels of risk remaining after controls have been identified and countermeasures selected for hazards that may
result in loss of combat power. Risks remaining after hazard mitigation measures have been applied.
Restricted area
Any area, usually fenced, at an establishment where the entrance and egress of personnel and vehicular traffic are
controlled for reasons of safety and/or security. An area, access to which is limited by the licensee for the purpose of
protecting individuals against undue risks from exposure to radiation and RAMs. Restricted area does not include
areas used as residential quarters, but separate rooms in a residential building may be set apart as a restricted area.
Risk
Directly related to the ignorance or uncertainty of the consequences of any proposed action. Risk is an expression of
possible loss in terms of hazard severity and hazard probability. Risk is the expected value of loss associated with a
loss caused by a hazard expressed in dollars. The risk associated with this loss is mathematically derived by multiplying the probability of the loss’s likelihood of occurrence by the probable dollar loss associated with the loss’s severity.
Note that risk has two dimensions, likelihood and magnitude, while a hazard has only one-varied magnitude.
Risk acceptance
A formal and documented process indicating Army leadership understands the hazard, its associated cause, and the
probable consequences to mission, personnel, equipment, public, and/or the environment and that they have determined that the total risk is acceptable because of mission execution. Risk acceptance is an Army leadership prerogative.
Risk acceptance level
Denotes the level of risk a particular level of Army leadership and management may accept. These levels are based
on the magnitude of the risk involved and the duration of the risk acceptance.
Risk assessment
An evaluation of a risk in terms of loss should a hazard result in a mishap and against the benefits to be gained from
accepting the risk.
Risk decision
The decision to accept or not accept the risk(s) associated with an action.
Risk management
A continuous process applied across the full spectrum of Army training and operations, individual and collective dayto-day activities and events, and base operations functions to identify and assess hazards/risks, develop and implement
controls, make decisions, and evaluate outcomes that balance risk cost with mission benefits.
Rocket
A motor which derives its thrust from ejection of hot gases generated from propellants carried within the motor casing.
Roentgen
The special unit of exposure. One roentgen equals 2.58 x 10 – 4 coulombs per kilogram of air. It applies only to EMR,
that is, nonparticulate radiation of photon energies between several kiloelectron volts and 3 million eV that produce
ionization in air only.
Roentgen equivalent man (mammal)
The rem is a special unit of any of the quantities expressed as dose equivalent. The dose equivalent in rem is equal to
the absorbed dose in rad multiplied by Q (1 rem = 0.01 Sv).
Safety
Freedom from those conditions that can cause death, injury, occupational illness, or damage to, or loss of, equipment
or property.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

222

Safety assessment
A formal, comprehensive safety report summarizing the safety data that has been collected and evaluated during the
lifecycle before a test of an item. It expresses the considered judgment of the developing agency on the hazard potential
of the item and any actions or precautions that are recommended to minimize these hazards and to reduce the exposure
of personnel and equipment to them.
Safety certification
A program established and maintained by the battalion/squadron commander to ensure that personnel under their
command designated as officer in charge and RSOs are competent and qualified to carry out the responsibilities and
duties of the respective positions.
Safety confirmation
A formal document that provides the MATDEV and the decision maker with the test agency’s safety findings and
conclusions and states whether the specified safety requirements have been met. It includes a risk assessment for
hazards not adequately controlled, lists technical or operational limitations, and highlights safety problems requiring
further testing.
Safety controls
Mandatory procedural safeguards approved by the SECARMY and determined to be necessary per safety studies and
reviews. Safety controls ensure maximum safety of chemical agents throughout the life of the chemical weapon. Controls will be consistent with operational requirements.
Safety release
A formal document issued to any user or technical test organization before any hands-on training, use, or maintenance
by Soldiers. It is a standalone document that indicates the system is safe for use and maintenance by Soldiers and
describes the specific hazards of the system (or item) based on test results, inspections, and system safety analyses.
Operational limits and precautions are included (see AR 73 –1). The test agency uses the data to integrate safety into
test controls and procedures and to determine if the test objectives can be met within these limits. A limited safety
release is issued on one particular system (for example, Bradley Fighting Vehicle, serial number XXXXX). A conditional safety release is issued when further safety data are pending (for example, completion of further testing or a
certain safety test) and restricts a certain aspect of the test.
Safety-critical
A term applied to a condition, event, operation, process, or item of whose proper recognition, control, performance,
or tolerance is essential to safe system operation or use, such as safety-critical function, safety-critical path, and safetycritical component.
Sanitized safety information
Safety investigation information where, after following the established procedures of DoDI 6055.07, enclosure 5,
privileged safety information and the identity of a mishap are not revealed.
Sarin
The chemical O-isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate, CAS number 107 – 44 – 8, in pure form and in the various impure forms that may be found in storage as well as in industrial, depot, or laboratory operations. GB is a lethal anticholinesterase agent. Its toxic hazard is high for inhalation, ingestion, and eye and skin exposure. Due to its high
volatility, it is mainly an inhalation threat.
Schedule 1 chemicals
Chemicals identified in the CWC Annex on Chemicals, Part B–Schedules of Chemicals (see DoDI 5210.65).
Secretarial Certification
Approval from ASA (IE&E), as appropriate, to approve all requests to deviate from DoD and Army explosives safety
standards for construction of new potential explosive site or ES, when such construction is properly supported by a
SecCert.
Service contract
A contract that directly engages the time and effort of a contractor whose primary purpose is to perform an identifiable
task rather than to furnish an end item of supply. A service contract may be either a nonpersonal or personal contract.
It can also cover services performed by either professional or nonprofessional personnel whether on an individual or
organizational basis (see FAR 37.101).

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

223

Severity
A qualitative or quantitative assessment of the degree of injury, occupational illness, property damage, facility damage, or environmental damage associated with the maximum credible loss. Severity is dependent only on the maximum
credible loss. Once established as a maximum credible loss, it does not change. Only the “probability” of a maximum
credible loss can be reduced.
Shallow dose equivalent (Hs or H0.07 mm or Hp (0.07 mm))
Applies to the external exposure of the skin of the whole body or the skin of an extremity and is taken as the dose
equivalent at a tissue depth of 0.007 cm (7 mg/cm 2) averaged over an area of 1 square cm (see 10 CFR 20.1003).
Sievert
The SI unit of any of the quantities expressed as dose equivalent. The dose equivalent in Sv is equal to the absorbed
dose in Gy multiplied by Q (1 Sv=100 rem).
Software
The instructions executed by a computer, as opposed to the physical device on which they run (the “hardware”).
Programs stored on nonvolatile storage built from integrated circuits (for example, read only memory (ROM) or programmable ROM) are usually called firmware. Software can be split into two main types, system software and application software or application programs. System software is any software that is required to support the production or
execution of application programs but that is not specific to any particular application. Examples of system software
include the operating system, compilers, editors, and sorting programs. Examples of application programs include an
accounts package or a computer-aided design program. Software also includes any security information assurance
vulnerability alert patches.
Soman
The chemical methyl-1,2,2,-trimethylpropylphosphonofluoridate, CAS number 96 – 64 –0, in pure form and in the various impure forms that may be found in storage as well as in industrial, depot, or laboratory operations. GD is a lethal
anticholinesterase agent. Its toxic hazard is high for inhalation, ingestion, and eye and skin exposure, although it is
primarily a vapor hazard.
Source material
Uranium or thorium, or any combination thereof, in any physical or chemical form or ores that contain, by weight,
one-twentieth of one percent (0.05%), or more, of uranium, thorium, or any combination thereof. Source material does
not include special nuclear material (see 10 CFR 20.1003).
Special hazard area
Area identified containing hazards which due to their nature could not be eliminated through design selection and
therefore depend upon training, procedures, and PPE for control of the hazards to tolerable levels. Examples are paint
booths, kitchens, machine shops, areas around conveyor belts, hazardous chemical storage areas, and so forth.
Special nuclear material
Plutonium, uranium-233, uranium enriched in the isotope 233 or in the isotope 235, or any material artificially enriched by any of the foregoing. Any other material NRC determines to be special nuclear material as defined by 10
CFR 20. Special nuclear material does not include source material.
Specialty vehicle
A motor vehicle that is generally operated off-road and is primarily designed for specific mission support (in other
words, earth moving, construction, material handling, lift, and so forth) or recreational purposes. These vehicles are
typically transported to the site where they are used; commanders may authorize these vehicles to be operated overthe-road for short distance, however, this is not the primary function. Includes, but is not limited to, ATVs, low-speed
vehicles, gators, warehouse trucks, tug motors, bulldozers, forklifts, and agricultural equipment.
Standardization
See DoD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms.
Stochastic
Health effects that occur randomly and for which the probability of the effect occurring, rather than its severity, is
assumed to be a linear function of dose without threshold. Hereditary effects and cancer incidence are examples of
stochastic effects (see 10 CFR 20.1003).

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

224

Supervisory
Activities associated with the management of personnel. Examples are inspection tasks, directing workloads/work
crews, monitoring work, crews, and planning unit activities.
Surveillance
The observation, inspection, investigation, test, study, and classification of ammunition, ammunition components, and
explosives in movement, storage, and use with respect to degree of serviceability and rate of deterioration.
Survey
An evaluation of the radiological conditions and potential hazards incident to the production, use, transfer, release,
disposal, or presence of RAM or other sources of ionizing radiation. When appropriate, such an evaluation includes a
physical survey of the location of RAM and measurements or calculations of levels of radiation, or concentrations, or
quantities of RAM present (see 10 CFR 20.1003).
Survivability
The capability of a system and crew to avoid or withstand a manmade hostile environment without suffering an abortive impairment of its ability to accomplish its designated mission (see AR 73 – 1). Survivability considers ballistic
effects; nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons; information assurance; countermeasures; EME effects; obscurants;
and atmosphere and vulnerability.
System
a. See DoD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms.
b. A composite, at any level of complexity, of trained personnel, procedures, materials, tools, equipment, facilities,
and software. The elements of this composite entity are used together in the intended operational or support environment to perform a given task or achieve a specific production, support, or mission requirement.
System evaluation plan
Documents integrated T&E planning. The detailed information contained in the system evaluation plan supports parallel development of the T&E master plan and is focused on evaluation of operational effectiveness, operational,
suitability, and survivability. While the documents are similar, the T&E master plan establishes “what” T&E will be
accomplished and the system evaluation plan explains “how” the T&E will be performed (see AR 73 – 1).
System of systems
A set or arrangement of interdependent systems that are related or connected to provide a given capability (see AR
73 – 1). The loss of any part of the system will degrade the performance or capabilities of the whole. An example of an
SoS could be interdependent information systems. While individual systems within the SoS may be developed to
satisfy the peculiar needs of a given user group, the information they share is so important that the loss of a single
system may deprive other systems of the data needed to achieve even minimal capabilities.
System safety
The application of engineering and management principles, criteria, and techniques to optimize safety within the constraints of operational effectiveness, time, and cost throughout all phases of systems’, equipment’s, or facilities’ lifecycle.
System safety engineering
An engineering discipline requiring specialized professional knowledge and skills in applying scientific and engineering principles, criteria, and techniques to identify and eliminate hazards or reduce the risk associated with the hazards.
System safety management
An element of management that defines the system safety program requirements and ensures the planning, implementation, and accomplishment of system safety tasks and activities consistent with the overall program requirements.
System safety management plan
A management plan that defines the system safety program requirements of the U.S. Government. It ensures the
planning, implementation, and accomplishment of system safety tasks and activities consistent with the overall program requirements.
System safety program
The combined tasks and activities of system safety management and SSE implemented by acquisition project managers.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

225

System safety risk assessment
A document that provides a comprehensive evaluation of the safety risk being assumed for the system under consideration at the MDR.
System safety risk assessment
A document that provides a comprehensive evaluation of the safety risk being assumed for the system under consideration at the MDR.
Tabun
The chemical ethyl-N, N-dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate, CAS number 77 – 81 –6, in pure form and in the various
impure forms that may be found in storage as well as in industrial, depot, or laboratory operations. GA is a lethal
anticholinesterase agent similar in action to GB. GA vapor does not penetrate the skin, but GA liquid penetrates
rapidly. The toxic hazard is high for inhalation, ingestion, and skin and eye exposure.
Technical tests
A generic term for testing which gathers technical data during the conduct of development testing, technical feasibility
testing, qualification testing, Joint development testing, and contractor or foreign testing.
Technique
For analyses, refers to a specific method for analysis using specific engineering expertise (such as fault tree, failure
mode, and effect analysis).
Tera
An SI unit prefix indicating a factor of one trillion (1x10 12).
Termination
The end of employment with DA, ARNG/Army National Guard of the United States, or USAR. Also, the end of a
work assignment in a restricted area.
Test, measurement, and diagnostic equipment
Any system or device used to evaluate the operational condition of an end item or subsystem thereof or used to identify
or isolate any actual or potential malfunction. The test, measurement, and diagnostic equipment includes diagnostic
and prognostic equipment, semiautomatic and automatic test equipment (with issued software), and calibration test
and measurement equipment.
Threat
Ability of an enemy or potential enemy to limit, neutralize, or destroy effectiveness of current or projected mission,
organization, or item of equipment. Statement of that threat is prepared in sufficient detail to support Army planning
and development of concepts, doctrine, training, and materiel. Statement of a capability prepared in necessary detail
in context of its relationship to specific program or project to provide support for Army planning and development for
operational concepts, doctrine, and materiel.
Total effective dose equivalent
The sum of the EDEX (for external exposures) and the CEDE (for internal exposures) (see 10 CFR 20.1003).
Toxic industrial chemical
See DoD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms.
Toxic industrial material
See DoD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms.
Toxicity
The property possessed by a material that enables it to injure the physiological mechanism of an organism by chemical
means, with the maximum effect being incapacitation or death.
Toxin
Toxic material of biologic origin that has been isolated from the parent organism. The toxic material of plants, animals,
or microorganisms.
Training devices
Training aids, devices, simulators, and simulations which simulate or demonstrate the function of equipment or
weapon systems. These items are categorized as embedded, nonsystem, simulations, simulators, standalone, and system.

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

226

Training support package
A package integrating various training products necessary to train one or more critical tasks. Components include a
course management plan, lessons plan, training products of an appropriate media mix, and all other materials needed
to conduct the training.
Type classification
A designation the U.S. Army uses to indicate acceptability for service use.
U.S. Army Reserve personnel
Members who are on active duty for training, inactive duty training, annual training, full-time manning, temporary
tour active duty, active duty for special work, or Active Guard Reserve (see 10 USC 10142, 10 USC 12301, and10
USC 12302).
Ultra-dilute concentrations
Schedule 1 chemical diluted to concentrations suitable for calibration of analytical instrumentation. These levels are
slightly above the drinking water standards in TB MED 577 and the U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and
Preventive Medicine Report No. 47 – EM– 5863 – 04 (see AR 50 – 6).
Unacceptable risk
That risk which cannot be tolerated by the managing activity. It is a subset of identified risk. Unacceptable risk is
either eliminated or controlled.
Unexploded ordnance
See DoD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. UXO is synonymous with dud.
Uniquely military equipment, systems, and operations
This term excludes from the scope of the order the design of DoD equipment and systems that are unique to the
national defense mission, such as military aircraft, ships, submarines, missiles, and missile sites, early warning systems, military space systems, artillery, tanks, and tactical vehicles; and excludes operations that are uniquely military
such as field maneuvers, naval operations, military flight operations, associated research test and development activities, and actions required under emergency conditions (see 29 CFR 1960.2(i)).
Unit safety officer
Army personnel who perform SOH duties as an additional duty to their permanent job description and are appointed
on orders by commander, director, manager, supervisor, or parent organization. USOs are usually appointed at organizations under the brigade/garrison or equivalent levels.
United States
See DoD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms.
Unmanned aircraft
See DoD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. Includes aerostat balloons.
Unmanned aircraft system
See DoD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms.
Unrestricted area
An area, access to which is neither limited nor controlled (for the purposes of ionizing radiation safety) (see 10 CFR
20.1003).
Validation
The review of documentation by an operational authority other than the user to confirm the need or operational requirement. As a minimum, the operational validation authority reviews the mission need statement, confirms that a
nonmateriel solution is not feasible, assesses the joint service potential, and forwards a recommendation to the MDA
for milestones A action.
Very high radiation area
An area, accessible to individuals, in which radiation levels from radiation sources external to the body could result
in an individual receiving an absorbed dose in excess of 500 rads (5 Gy) in 1 hour at 1 meter from a radiation source
or 1 meter from any surface that the radiation penetrates (see 10 CFR 20.1003).
Volunteers
An individual rendering personal service to the United States similar to the service of a civil officer or employee of
the United States, without pay or for nominal pay, when a statue authorizes the acceptance or use of the service (see

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

227

5 USC 8101(1)(B)). Individuals who serve as unpaid assistants to facilitate the commander’s ability to provide comprehensive, coordinated, and responsive services that support the readiness of Soldiers, DA Civilians, and their Families by maximizing technology and resources, adapting resources to unique installation requirements, eliminating
duplication in service delivery, and increasing service effectiveness. An installation can have many types of volunteers, with each having specific guidelines that govern its management: statutory volunteers, individuals providing
gratuitous service, volunteers for private organizations, and student interns.
VX
The chemical O-ethyl S-(2-diisopropylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothioate, CAS number 50782 – 69 – 9, in pure form
and in the various impure forms that may be found in storage as well as in industrial, depot, or laboratory operations.
VX is a lethal anticholinesterase chemical materiel. Its toxic hazard is high for inhalation, ingestion, and eye and skin
exposure, but due to its low volatility, the primary route of exposure is through ingestion or skin contact.
Whole body
The head, trunk (including male gonads), arms above the elbow, or legs above the knee.
Workplace
A physical location where the agency’s work or operations are performed (see 29 CFR 1960.2(t)).

AR 385–10 • 24 July 2023

228

UNCLASSIFIED

PIN 004127–000