Agricultural Prices - Release

Agricultural Prices
ISSN: 1937-4216
Released May 31, 2024, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA).

April Prices Received Index Up 0.2 Percent
The April Prices Received Index 2011 Base (Agricultural Production), at 122.5, increased 0.2 percent from March but
decreased 6.3 percent from April 2023. At 101.4, the Crop Production Index was up 1.6 percent from last month but down
20 percent from the previous year. The Livestock Production Index, at 142.6, decreased 1.3 percent from March, but
increased 5.6 percent from April last year. Producers received higher prices during April for hogs, broilers, strawberries,
and broccoli but lower prices for market eggs, lettuce, oranges, and milk. In addition to prices, the volume change of
commodities marketed also influences the indexes. In April, there was increased monthly movement for strawberries,
milk, broilers, and lettuce and decreased marketing of corn, soybeans, cattle, and hay.
April Prices Paid Index Down 0.2 Percent
The April Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 140.3, is
down 0.2 percent from March 2024 and 0.6 percent from April 2023. Lower prices in April for wage rates, feeder cattle,
hay & forages, and complete feeds more than offset higher prices for milk cows, nitrogen, gasoline, and feeder pigs.
Prices Received, Prices Paid, and Ratio of Prices Received to Prices Paid Indexes 2011 Base –
United States: April 2024 with Comparisons
Index Group

April
2023

March
2024

April
2024

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

Prices received by farmers ...............................................................................

130.8

122.2

122.5

Prices paid by farmers ......................................................................................

141.1

140.6

140.3

Ratio of prices received to prices paid .............................................................

93

87

88

Contents
Prices Received by Farmers................................................................................................................................................ 3
Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base – United States: April 2024 with Comparisons .......................................................... 4
Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base – United States: April 2024 with Comparisons ................................................. 4
Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups – United States: 2023 and 2024 ................................. 4
Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups – United States: 2023 and 2024......................................... 5
Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits – United States: April 2024 with Comparisons ................................................ 6
Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock – United States: April 2024 with Comparisons ........................................... 7
Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month – United States: 2024 with Comparisons........................... 8
Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month – United States: 2024 with Comparisons..................................... 8
Prices Received for All Wheat – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons .................................................. 9
Prices Received for Winter Wheat – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons ............................................ 9
Prices Received for Durum Wheat – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons ...........................................10
Prices Received for Spring Wheat – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons............................................10
Prices Received for Oats – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons ..........................................................10
Prices Received for All Barley – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons.................................................11
Prices Received for Malting Barley – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons .........................................11
Prices Received for Feed Barley – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons ..............................................11
Prices Received for Corn – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons .........................................................12
Prices Received for Sorghum Grain – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons .........................................12
Prices Received for Soybeans – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons ..................................................13
Prices Received for Dry Beans – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons.................................................13
Prices Received for Canola – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons ......................................................14
Prices Received for Flaxseed – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons ...................................................14
Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons ......................................14
Prices Received for Sunflower – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons .................................................14
Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons .................15
Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice – United States: April 2024 with Comparisons ...................15
Prices Received for Hay by Type – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons .............................................16
Prices Received for Premium and Supreme Alfalfa Hay – States and 5-State Total: April 2024 ........................................16
Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – States and United States: April 2023 ....................................................17
Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – States and United States: March 2024 ..................................................17
Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – States and United States: April 2024 ....................................................17
Prices Received for All Milk – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons....................................................18
Prices Received for Milk Cows – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons................................................18
Parity Price Overview........................................................................................................................................................19
Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price – United States: April 2024 with Comparisons ..................20
Commodity Parity Prices – United States: April 2024 with Comparisons ..........................................................................21
Market Year for Specified Commodities ...........................................................................................................................23
Tobacco Market Year Average Prices Received – States and United States: Marketing Years 2021-2023.........................23
Tobacco Market Year Average Prices Received by Class and Type – States and United States: Marketing
Years 2021-2023 ............................................................................................................................................................24
Reliability of Prices Received Estimates............................................................................................................................25
Prices Paid by Farmers ......................................................................................................................................................26
Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios – United States: April 2024 with Comparisons ..........................................27
Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components – United States:
April 2024 with Comparisons.........................................................................................................................................28
Feed Price Ratios – United States: April 2024 with Comparisons ......................................................................................29
Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios – United States: April 2024 with Comparisons ...............................29
Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock – United States: April 2024 with Comparisons...............................................................29
Feed Ratios Monthly and Annual Average – United States: 2019-2024.............................................................................30
Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates ...................................................................................................................................31
Information Contacts .........................................................................................................................................................32
2

Agricultural Prices (May 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

April Prices Received by Farmers
Crop production: The April index, at 101.4, is 1.6 percent higher than March but 20 percent lower than April 2023. The
grain & oilseed and fruit & tree nut index increases more than offset the vegetable & melon and other crop index
decreases.
Grain and oilseed: The April index, at 83.9, is up 0.5 percent from March but down 27 percent from April 2023. Oilseed
and feed grain index increases offset the lower food grain index.
Feed grain: The April index, at 73.9, increased slightly from last month but decreased 34 percent from a year ago. The
corn price, at $4.39 per bushel, is up 3 cents from last month but down $2.31 from April 2023.
Food grain: At 96.7, the index for April decreased 1.2 percent from the previous month and 20 percent from a year ago.
The April price for all wheat, at $5.91 per bushel, is 10 cents lower than March and $2.40 lower than April 2023. The
April price for rice, at $17.60 per cwt, is 10 cents higher than March but $2.40 lower than April 2023.
Oilseed: At 94.7, the index for April increased 0.1 percent from March but decreased 20 percent from April 2023. The
soybean price, at $11.80 per bushel, is unchanged from March but $3.10 lower than April a year earlier.
Fruit and tree nut: The April index, at 117.7, is up 1.2 percent from March but down 16 percent from a year earlier.
Price increases during April for strawberries and pears more than offset price decreases for oranges, grapefruit, and
lemons.
Vegetable and melon: At 174.5, the index for April is down 9.5 percent from the previous month and 16 percent from
April 2023. Price declines during April for lettuce, carrots, and sweet corn more than offset price inclines for broccoli,
celery, and cauliflower.
Other crop: The April index, at 101.5, is down 1.7 percent from the previous month and 17 percent from April 2023. The
all hay price, at $179.00 per ton, is $4.00 lower than March and $72.00 lower than April 2023. At 80.8 cents per pound,
the price for upland cotton is 1.0 cent lower than March and 5.4 cents lower than April 2023.
Livestock production: The index for April, at 142.6, decreased 1.3 percent from the previous month but increased
5.6 percent from April a year earlier. Poultry & egg and dairy index decreases offset the higher meat animal index.
Meat animal: At 146.1, the April index increased 1.1 percent from the previous month and 11 percent from a year earlier.
At $66.90 per cwt, the April hog price is $4.10 higher than March and $9.90 higher than a year earlier. The April beef
cattle price of $185.00 per cwt is unchanged from the previous month but $14.00 higher than April 2023.
Dairy: The index for April, at 102.0, is down 1.0 percent from the previous month and 0.5 percent from April a year ago.
The April all milk price of $20.50 per cwt is 20 cents lower than March and 10 cents lower than April 2023.
Poultry and egg: At 169.0, the April index decreased 4.4 percent from March and 3.9 percent from April 2023. The April
market egg price, at $1.79 per dozen, is 36.0 cents lower than March but 54.0 cents higher than April 2023. The April
broiler price, at 77.6 cents per pound, is 2.4 cents higher than March but 5.5 cents lower than a year ago. At 56.6 cents per
pound, the April turkey price is 1.8 cents lower than the previous month and 59.4 cents lower than April 2023.
Food Commodities: The index, at 134.1, decreased 1.0 percent from the previous month and 1.8 percent from
April 2023.

Agricultural Prices (May 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

3

Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base – United States: April 2024 with Comparisons
[Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]
2011 Base
Index Group

April
2023

March
2024

April
2024

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

Agricultural production ...............................................................................
Crop production .....................................................................................
Grain and oilseed ..............................................................................
Feed grain ......................................................................................
Food grain ......................................................................................
Oilseed ...........................................................................................
Fruit and tree nut ...............................................................................
Vegetable and melon ........................................................................
Other crop ..........................................................................................

130.8
126.5
115.1
111.7
121.5
118.4
140.1
207.6
121.6

122.2
99.8
83.5
73.6
97.9
94.6
116.3
192.8
103.3

122.5
101.4
83.9
73.9
96.7
94.7
117.7
174.5
101.5

Livestock production ..............................................................................
Meat animal .......................................................................................
Cattle ..............................................................................................
Hog .................................................................................................
Dairy ...................................................................................................
Poultry and egg .................................................................................

135.1
131.9
150.5
85.7
102.5
175.8

144.5
144.5
166.2
94.4
103.0
176.8

142.6
146.1
165.8
100.6
102.0
169.0

Food commodity ........................................................................................

136.5

135.5

134.1

Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base – United States: April 2024 with Comparisons
[Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]
1910 - 1914 Base
Index Group

April
2023

March
2024

April
2024

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

Agricultural production ...............................................................................
Crop production .....................................................................................
Livestock production ..............................................................................

1350
1102
1570

1261
870
1679

1264
884
1657

Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups – United States: 2023 and 2024
[Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not
yet begun]
2011 Base
Month

January ................................
February ..............................
March ...................................
April ......................................
May ......................................
June .....................................
July ......................................
August .................................
September ...........................
October ................................
November ............................
December ............................

4

Agricultural
production

Crop
production

Livestock
production

Food
commodities

2023

2024

2023

2024

2023

2024

2023

2024

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

124.4
126.4
128.1
130.8
127.0
127.4
125.0
125.6
121.8
114.0
114.0
113.1

111.9
120.4
122.2
122.5

118.2
120.8
118.9
126.5
120.9
120.9
119.8
118.3
113.1
104.2
101.5
101.5

98.0
101.0
99.8
101.4

135.7
132.6
137.7
135.1
133.0
134.4
131.7
133.7
132.4
132.5
133.4
129.2

136.5
141.3
144.5
142.6

131.7
131.6
134.0
136.5
132.0
132.4
130.6
133.2
130.1
123.1
128.4
124.4

125.6
133.8
135.5
134.1

Agricultural Prices (May 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups – United States: 2023 and 2024
[Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not
yet begun]
2011 Base
All items
(PPITW)

Month

January ...............................
February ..............................
March ..................................
April .....................................
May ......................................
June .....................................
July ......................................
August .................................
September ..........................
October ...............................
November ...........................
December ...........................

Crop
sector

Production

Livestock
sector

2023

2024

2023

2024

2023

2024

2023

2024

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

141.7
141.7
141.6
141.1
140.2
139.8
139.9
140.1
140.0
140.2
139.6
139.0

Agricultural Prices (May 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

139.1
139.8
140.6
140.3

140.0
139.9
139.8
139.2
138.1
137.3
137.1
137.1
137.0
137.1
136.4
135.6

135.2
135.9
136.8
136.7

142.3
141.6
141.0
139.6
138.7
137.6
137.6
137.9
137.8
138.3
138.1
138.2

137.4
137.5
138.0
138.0

141.0
141.7
142.3
142.6
141.8
141.9
142.4
142.3
142.3
142.1
141.2
139.9

141.0
142.3
143.4
142.8

5

Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits – United States: April 2024 with Comparisons
Commodity

2011
Base Price

April 2023

March 2024

April 2024

Field crops
Barley, all ........................................................... dollars/bushel
Feed .................................................................dollars/bushel
Malting .............................................................. dollars/bushel
Beans, dry edible .................................................... dollars/cwt
Canola ..................................................................... dollars/cwt
Chickpeas, all .......................................................... dollars/cwt
Large ..................................................................... dollars/cwt
Small ..................................................................... dollars/cwt
Corn ....................................................................dollars/bushel

4.79
4.59
4.83
34.60
23.10
35.70
39.20
23.40
6.02

7.16
6.39
7.24
38.40
26.80
37.70
38.10
30.90
6.70

7.52
5.06
7.77
42.20
21.60
36.50
38.40
31.40
4.36

7.70
4.73
7.89
40.40
21.90
35.70
36.20
33.00
4.39

Cotton, Upland ................................................... dollars/pound
Cottonseed ...............................................................dollars/ton
Flaxseed ............................................................. dollars/bushel
Hay, all, baled ..........................................................dollars/ton
Alfalfa .....................................................................dollars/ton
Other ......................................................................dollars/ton
Lentils ...................................................................... dollars/cwt
Oats ....................................................................dollars/bushel
Peanuts, in-shell ................................................ dollars/pound

0.880
131.00
14.20
159.00
176.00
119.00
27.50
3.42
0.252

0.862
(NA)
12.10
251.00
288.00
171.00
33.00
4.04
0.272

0.818
(NA)
11.50
183.00
195.00
161.00
41.90
4.23
0.270

0.808
(NA)
12.10
179.00
195.00
149.00
41.70
3.88
0.272

Peas, dry edible ...................................................... dollars/cwt
Rice, all .................................................................... dollars/cwt
Long ...................................................................... dollars/cwt
Medium and short ................................................. dollars/cwt
Sorghum grain ........................................................ dollars/cwt
Soybeans ........................................................... dollars/bushel
Sunflowers, all ........................................................ dollars/cwt

13.60
13.70
12.30
18.40
10.70
12.50
29.00

14.10
20.00
17.10
38.20
12.30
14.90
26.90

14.80
17.50
16.30
21.20
8.47
11.80
22.50

14.90
17.60
16.40
21.50
8.62
11.80
20.00

Wheat, all ........................................................... dollars/bushel
Winter ............................................................... dollars/bushel
Durum ............................................................... dollars/bushel
Other spring ..................................................... dollars/bushel
Hard red winter ................................................ dollars/bushel
Soft red winter .................................................. dollars/bushel
Hard red spring ................................................ dollars/bushel
White ................................................................ dollars/bushel

7.44
6.93
9.22
8.33
7.07
6.77
8.38
6.58

8.31
8.07
9.06
8.40
8.47
6.85
8.47
6.79

6.01
5.64
8.52
6.41
5.70
5.62
6.45
5.32

5.91
5.60
8.34
6.29
5.67
5.62
6.34
5.33

Fruits
Citrus, equivalent on-tree
Grapefruit .............................................................. dollars/box
Lemons .................................................................dollars/box
Oranges ................................................................ dollars/box

7.47
12.30
8.16

15.28
13.75
13.06

16.73
12.30
13.32

14.89
11.13
10.27

Non-citrus, fresh 1
Apples ............................................................. dollars/pound
Grapes ..................................................................dollars/ton
Peaches ................................................................dollars/ton
Pears .....................................................................dollars/ton
Strawberries .......................................................... dollars/cwt

0.325
598.00
507.00
559.00
104.00

0.834
(S)
(S)
1,170.00
192.00

0.612
(S)
(S)
1,270.00
121.00

0.608
(S)
(S)
1,390.00
142.00

(NA) Not available.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
1
Beginning February 2020, price reflects FOB shipping point basis.

6

Agricultural Prices (May 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock – United States: April 2024 with Comparisons
[Price data source for potato, livestock, and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service]
Commodity

2011
Base Price

April 2023

March 2024

April 2024

Vegetables, fresh 1
Asparagus ............................................................... dollars/cwt
Beans, snap ............................................................ dollars/cwt
Broccoli ................................................................... dollars/cwt
Cantaloupes ............................................................ dollars/cwt
Carrots .................................................................... dollars/cwt
Cauliflower .............................................................. dollars/cwt
Celery ...................................................................... dollars/cwt
Corn, sweet ............................................................. dollars/cwt
Cucumbers ............................................................. dollars/cwt
Lettuce, head .......................................................... dollars/cwt
Onions 2 .................................................................. dollars/cwt
Potatoes .................................................................. dollars/cwt
Tomatoes ................................................................ dollars/cwt

37.50
69.00
41.60
16.50
30.80
47.00
22.50
30.70
18.70
24.30
11.90
14.30
51.20

(S)
64.40
168.00
(S)
46.50
230.00
47.80
33.60
32.20
76.10
28.00
22.80
41.60

(S)
37.50
76.60
(S)
54.30
67.60
47.30
42.40
43.60
61.30
56.60
10.50
97.90

231.00
39.40
95.40
(S)
51.80
84.10
64.60
32.60
29.90
44.30
55.30
10.60
97.60

Livestock
Calves ..................................................................... dollars/cwt
Cattle, all beef ......................................................... dollars/cwt
Cows 3 ................................................................... dollars/cwt
Steers and heifers ................................................ dollars/cwt
Milk cows 4 ............................................................dollars/head
Hogs, all .................................................................. dollars/cwt
Barrows and gilts .................................................. dollars/cwt
Sows ..................................................................... dollars/cwt

142.00
115.00
71.60
117.00
1,420.00
66.50
66.80
57.90

244.00
171.00
99.30
175.00
1,720.00
57.00
57.70
41.20

328.00
185.00
119.00
188.00
(NA)
62.80
62.70
64.50

318.00
185.00
130.00
187.00
2,120.00
66.90
67.10
62.50

Dairy and poultry
Milk, all 5 .................................................................. dollars/cwt
Fat test ........................................................................percent
Broilers, live 6 ......................................................dollars/pound
Eggs, all .............................................................. dollars/dozen
Market 7 ............................................................. dollars/dozen
Turkeys, live 8 .....................................................dollars/pound

20.10
4.24
0.459
0.969
0.796
0.680

20.60
4.11
0.831
1.57
1.25
1.16

20.70
4.28
0.752
2.26
2.15
0.584

20.50
4.24
0.776
1.95
1.79
0.566

Adjusted for seasonal variation
Eggs, all .............................................................. dollars/dozen
Seasonal factor .......................................................... percent
Milk, all .................................................................... dollars/cwt
Seasonal factor .......................................................... percent

0.979
101
20.20
100

1.69
93
20.30
102

1.94
117
20.60
100

2.12
92
20.10
102

(NA) Not available.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.
1
Beginning February 2020, price reflects FOB shipping point basis
2
Includes some processing.
3
Beef cows and cull dairy cows sold for slaughter.
4
Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Prices available for January, April, July, and October.
5
Before deductions for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies.
6
Live weight equivalent price.
7
Also referred to as table eggs.
8
Live weight equivalent price is used when actual live weight price is not available. Beginning January 2011, price reflects FOB shipping point
basis. Prior year price reflects delivered basis.

Agricultural Prices (May 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

7

Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month – United States: 2024 with Comparisons
[Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
All wheat

Month

January .........
February .......
March ............
April ...............
May ...............
June ..............
July ...............
August ..........
September ....
October .........
November .....
December .....

Corn

Soybeans

2022

2023

2024

2022

2023

2024

2022

2023

2024

(dollars per
bushel)
8.48
9.16
9.93
10.20
10.90
9.61
8.69
8.55
8.78
9.18
9.15
8.97

(dollars per
bushel)
8.81
8.54
8.35
8.31
8.07
7.67
7.61
7.35
7.07
6.98
6.53
6.79

(dollars per
bushel)
6.79
6.36
6.01
5.91

(dollars per
bushel)
5.58
6.09
6.56
7.07
7.26
7.38
7.25
7.24
7.09
6.49
6.49
6.58

(dollars per
bushel)
6.63
6.80
6.67
6.70
6.54
6.49
6.22
5.73
5.21
4.93
4.66
4.80

(dollars per
bushel)
4.74
4.36
4.36
4.39

(dollars per
bushel)
12.90
14.70
15.40
15.80
16.10
16.40
15.50
15.30
14.20
13.50
14.00
14.40

(dollars per
bushel)
14.50
15.10
14.90
14.90
14.40
14.20
14.70
14.10
13.20
12.70
13.00
13.10

(dollars per
bushel)
12.80
11.90
11.80
11.80

Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month – United States: 2024 with Comparisons
[Price data source for livestock commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service. Blank data cells indicate
estimation period has not yet begun]
Beef cattle 1
All hogs 2
Month
2022
2023
2024
2022
2023
2024
(dollars per cwt)
January ..............
February ............
March .................
April ....................
May ....................
June ...................
July ....................
August ...............
September .........
October ..............
November ..........
December ..........
1
2

8

135.00
137.00
139.00
139.00
141.00
140.00
142.00
141.00
143.00
145.00
151.00
154.00

(dollars per cwt)
156.00
158.00
164.00
171.00
173.00
181.00
181.00
182.00
181.00
182.00
180.00
172.00

(dollars per cwt)
172.00
178.00
185.00
185.00

(dollars per cwt)
58.80
68.60
75.10
76.20
75.90
78.70
83.00
85.80
73.80
70.50
66.70
62.50

(dollars per cwt)
58.50
59.60
61.70
57.00
58.80
64.60
74.30
73.70
64.90
60.40
57.50
53.30

(dollars per cwt)
53.00
58.20
62.80
66.90

Cows and steers & heifers.
Barrows & gilts and sows.

Agricultural Prices (May 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Received for All Wheat – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons
State

April 2023

March 2024

April 2024

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

Arizona ...............................................
Arkansas ............................................
California ............................................
Colorado ............................................
Idaho ..................................................
Illinois .................................................
Indiana ...............................................
Kansas ...............................................
Michigan .............................................
Minnesota ..........................................

(D)
(S)
(D)
8.39
7.23
6.57
7.31
8.50
6.85
9.00

(S)
(D)
(D)
5.30
5.83
(D)
5.53
5.70
(D)
6.49

(S)
5.82
(D)
5.38
5.95
5.72
5.47
5.73
5.40
6.20

Missouri ..............................................
Montana .............................................
Nebraska ............................................
North Carolina ...................................
North Dakota ......................................
Ohio ....................................................
Oklahoma ...........................................
Oregon ...............................................
South Dakota .....................................
Texas .................................................
Washington ........................................

7.19
8.68
8.37
(D)
8.36
6.38
8.05
(D)
8.23
9.85
6.89

6.43
6.47
5.48
5.64
6.55
5.43
5.49
(D)
5.81
5.47
5.19

5.82
6.16
5.35
6.00
6.30
5.42
5.67
(D)
5.81
5.69
5.29

United States .....................................

8.31

6.01

5.91

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

Prices Received for Winter Wheat – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons
State

April 2023

March 2024

April 2024

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

Arkansas ............................................
California ............................................
Colorado ............................................
Idaho ..................................................
Illinois .................................................
Indiana ...............................................
Kansas ...............................................
Michigan .............................................
Missouri ..............................................

(S)
(D)
8.39
7.08
6.57
7.31
8.50
6.85
7.19

(D)
(D)
5.30
5.75
(D)
5.53
5.70
(D)
6.43

5.82
(D)
5.38
5.92
5.72
5.47
5.73
5.40
5.82

Montana .............................................
Nebraska ............................................
North Carolina ...................................
North Dakota ......................................
Ohio ....................................................
Oklahoma ...........................................
Oregon ...............................................
South Dakota .....................................
Texas .................................................
Washington ........................................

8.33
8.37
(D)
8.61
6.38
8.05
(D)
8.43
9.85
6.84

6.00
5.48
5.64
6.24
5.43
5.49
(D)
5.49
5.47
5.16

5.74
5.35
6.00
5.74
5.42
5.67
(D)
5.47
5.69
5.19

United States .....................................

8.07

5.64

5.60

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

Agricultural Prices (May 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

9

Prices Received for Durum Wheat – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons
State

April 2023

March 2024

April 2024

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

Arizona ...............................................
California ............................................
Idaho ...................................................
Montana .............................................
North Dakota ......................................

(D)
(D)
(S)
(D)
9.07

(S)
(S)
(S)
(D)
8.55

(S)
(S)
(S)
(D)
8.18

United States .....................................

9.06

8.52

8.34

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

Prices Received for Spring Wheat – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons
State

April 2023

March 2024

(dollars per bushel)

April 2024

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

Idaho ...................................................
Minnesota ...........................................
Montana .............................................
North Dakota ......................................
South Dakota .....................................
Washington ........................................

7.60
9.00
9.09
8.20
7.87
7.19

6.06
6.49
6.84
6.26
6.10
5.47

6.04
6.20
6.69
6.22
6.16
5.78

United States .....................................

8.40

6.41

6.29

Prices Received for Oats – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons
State

April 2023

March 2024

April 2024

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

Illinois ..................................................
Iowa ....................................................
Michigan .............................................
Minnesota ...........................................
Montana .............................................
Nebraska ............................................
New York ............................................
North Dakota ......................................
Oregon ...............................................
Pennsylvania ......................................
South Dakota .....................................
Texas ..................................................
Wisconsin ...........................................

(D)
4.91
(D)
4.10
(S)
(D)
(D)
3.86
(S)
(D)
3.75
(S)
4.25

(D)
4.48
4.05
3.55
(S)
(D)
(D)
4.52
(S)
(D)
3.93
(D)
4.00

(S)
(D)
(D)
3.57
(D)
(D)
(S)
4.40
(S)
(D)
3.48
(S)
3.46

United States .....................................

4.04

4.23

3.88

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

10

Agricultural Prices (May 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Received for All Barley – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons
State

April 2023

March 2024

April 2024

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

California ............................................
Colorado ............................................
Idaho ..................................................
Minnesota ..........................................
Montana .............................................
North Dakota ......................................
Washington ........................................
Wyoming ............................................

(S)
7.27
7.92
(S)
6.07
7.23
7.73
(D)

(S)
7.56
7.96
(D)
7.09
(D)
(D)
7.67

(S)
8.12
8.02
(D)
6.88
(D)
8.35
(D)

United States .....................................

7.16

7.52

7.70

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

Prices Received for Malting Barley – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons
State

April 2023

March 2024

(dollars per bushel)

April 2024

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

California ............................................
Colorado ............................................
Idaho ..................................................
Minnesota ..........................................
Montana .............................................
North Dakota ......................................
Washington ........................................
Wyoming ............................................

(S)
7.33
(D)
(S)
6.05
7.54
(D)
(D)

(S)
7.56
8.09
(D)
7.33
(D)
(D)
7.67

(S)
8.12
8.02
(D)
7.09
(D)
(D)
(D)

United States .....................................

7.24

7.77

7.89

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

Prices Received for Feed Barley – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons
State

April 2023

March 2024

April 2024

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

California ............................................
Colorado ............................................
Idaho ..................................................
Minnesota ..........................................
Montana .............................................
North Dakota ......................................
Washington ........................................
Wyoming ............................................

(S)
(D)
(D)
(S)
(D)
6.37
5.04
(S)

(S)
(S)
3.49
(D)
5.70
(D)
(D)
(S)

(S)
(S)
(D)
(S)
(D)
(D)
3.75
(S)

United States .....................................

6.39

5.06

4.73

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

Agricultural Prices (May 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

11

Prices Received for Corn – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons
State

April 2023

March 2024

April 2024

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

Colorado .............................................
Illinois ..................................................
Indiana ................................................
Iowa ....................................................
Kansas ...............................................
Kentucky .............................................
Michigan .............................................
Minnesota ...........................................
Missouri ..............................................
Nebraska ............................................

7.62
6.54
6.63
6.75
7.17
6.85
6.34
6.49
6.91
6.87

4.72
4.21
4.46
4.43
4.44
4.74
4.33
4.26
4.52
4.43

4.82
4.26
4.42
4.50
4.53
4.54
4.21
4.22
4.39
4.47

North Carolina ....................................
North Dakota ......................................
Ohio ....................................................
Pennsylvania ......................................
South Dakota .....................................
Tennessee .........................................
Texas ..................................................
Wisconsin ...........................................

7.46
6.44
6.42
6.62
6.83
6.42
7.77
6.30

4.95
4.08
4.32
4.53
4.12
4.59
5.36
4.09

4.92
4.01
4.31
4.66
4.16
4.09
5.36
4.14

United States .....................................

6.70

4.36

4.39

Prices Received for Sorghum Grain – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons
State

April 2023

March 2024

(dollars per cwt)

April 2024

(dollars per cwt)

(dollars per cwt)

Kansas ...............................................
Nebraska ............................................
Oklahoma ...........................................
Texas ..................................................

12.30
11.70
12.40
12.50

7.95
7.74
7.56
(D)

7.96
7.62
(D)
(D)

United States .....................................

12.30

8.47

8.62

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

12

Agricultural Prices (May 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Received for Soybeans – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons
State

April 2023

March 2024

April 2024

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

Arkansas ............................................
Illinois .................................................
Indiana ...............................................
Iowa ....................................................
Kansas ...............................................
Kentucky ............................................
Louisiana ............................................
Michigan .............................................
Minnesota ..........................................
Mississippi ..........................................

(D)
15.00
15.10
14.80
14.90
15.30
(D)
15.60
14.40
14.90

12.00
11.90
12.50
11.70
11.40
11.90
12.30
12.20
11.30
11.80

11.60
11.70
12.10
12.10
11.70
11.80
11.40
12.00
11.20
11.60

Missouri ..............................................
Nebraska ............................................
North Carolina ...................................
North Dakota ......................................
Ohio ....................................................
South Dakota .....................................
Tennessee .........................................
Wisconsin ...........................................

15.00
14.30
15.00
14.20
15.40
14.70
14.90
14.50

11.80
11.50
12.00
11.00
12.10
11.40
11.70
11.60

11.80
11.40
11.60
10.70
12.10
11.40
11.70
11.50

United States .....................................

14.90

11.80

11.80

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

Prices Received for Dry Beans – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons
State

April 2023

March 2024

(dollars per cwt)

April 2024

(dollars per cwt)

(dollars per cwt)

California ............................................
Colorado ............................................
Idaho ..................................................
Michigan .............................................
Minnesota ..........................................
Nebraska ............................................
North Dakota ......................................

(D)
(D)
(S)
48.10
39.10
(D)
36.20

(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
38.80
(D)
39.50

(S)
(D)
(S)
46.10
37.20
(D)
39.00

United States .....................................

38.40

42.20

40.40

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

Agricultural Prices (May 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

13

Prices Received for Canola – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons
State

April 2023

March 2024

April 2024

(dollars per cwt)

(dollars per cwt)

(dollars per cwt)

Minnesota ...........................................
Montana .............................................
North Dakota ......................................
Oklahoma ...........................................

(D)
(D)
26.90
(S)

(S)
19.00
21.60
(S)

(S)
18.70
22.00
(S)

United States .....................................

26.80

21.60

21.90

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

Prices Received for Flaxseed – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons
State

April 2023

March 2024

April 2024

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

(dollars per bushel)

North Dakota ......................................

12.10

11.50

12.10

United States .....................................

12.10

11.50

12.10

Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons
State

April 2023

March 2024

(dollars per pound)

April 2024

(dollars per pound)

(dollars per pound)

Alabama .............................................
Arkansas ............................................
Florida .................................................
Georgia ...............................................
Mississippi ..........................................
New Mexico ........................................
North Carolina ....................................
Oklahoma ...........................................
South Carolina ...................................
Texas ..................................................
Virginia ...............................................

0.279
(S)
0.289
0.266
0.215
(S)
0.272
0.351
0.269
0.372
0.278

0.269
(S)
0.283
0.265
0.256
(S)
0.280
0.351
0.273
0.345
0.280

0.275
(S)
0.268
0.269
0.242
(S)
0.267
0.318
0.274
0.340
0.279

United States .....................................

0.272

0.270

0.272

(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

Prices Received for Sunflower – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons
State

April 2023

March 2024

(dollars per cwt)

April 2024

(dollars per cwt)

(dollars per cwt)

Kansas ...............................................
Minnesota ...........................................
North Dakota ......................................
South Dakota .....................................

(D)
(D)
27.70
24.60

(S)
(D)
23.70
17.80

(S)
(D)
22.00
16.50

United States .....................................

26.90

22.50

20.00

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

14

Agricultural Prices (May 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed – States and United States: April 2024
with Comparisons
[Cottonseed marketing year August - February]
Cotton, Upland
State

April
2023

March
2024

Cottonseed
April
2024

(dollars per pound) (dollars per pound) (dollars per pound)

April
2023

March
2024

April
2024

(dollars per ton)

(dollars per ton)

(dollars per ton)

Alabama ...............................
Arizona .................................
Arkansas ..............................
California ..............................
Georgia ................................
Louisiana ..............................
Mississippi ............................
North Carolina .....................
Tennessee ...........................
Texas ...................................

(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
0.880
0.827
0.744

(D)
(S)
(D)
(S)
(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
0.828

(D)
(S)
(D)
(S)
(D)
(D)
(D)
(D)
0.794
0.770

(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)

(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)

(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)

United States .......................

0.862

0.818

0.808

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(NA) Not available.
(S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate.

Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice – United States: April 2024
with Comparisons
Item

April 2023

March 2024

April 2024

Cotton, Upland
Average price ........................................ dollars/pound
Marketings 1 ..............................................1,000 bales

0.862
466

0.818
353

0.808
338

Rice, all
Average price ............................................ dollars/cwt
Marketings 2 ................................................. 1,000 cwt

20.00
9,200

17.50
12,991

17.60
10,472

Rice, long
Average price ............................................ dollars/cwt
Marketings 2 ................................................. 1,000 cwt

17.10
7,940

16.30
9,909

16.40
8,034

Rice, medium and short
California
Average price ............................................ dollars/cwt

40.90

24.50

24.90

Other States 3
Average price ............................................ dollars/cwt

18.10

17.20

17.30

United States
Average price ............................................ dollars/cwt
Marketings 2 ................................................. 1,000 cwt

38.20
1,260

21.20
3,082

21.50
2,438

1

2
3

Marketings based on a survey of cotton buyers in the major producing States - Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Louisiana,
Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas.
Purchases by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped by cooperatives.
Other States include Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas.

Agricultural Prices (May 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

15

Prices Received for Hay by Type – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons
All hay
State

Alfalfa hay

Other hay

April
2023

March
2024

April
2024

April
2023

March
2024

April
2024

April
2023

March
2024

April
2024

Arizona .............................
California ..........................
Colorado ...........................
Idaho .................................
Illinois ................................
Iowa ..................................
Kansas .............................
Kentucky ...........................
Michigan ...........................
Minnesota .........................

(dollars per
ton)
344.00
288.00
271.00
249.00
168.00
179.00
220.00
188.00
173.00
163.00

(dollars per
ton)
209.00
241.00
228.00
175.00
184.00
158.00
171.00
194.00
164.00
144.00

(dollars per
ton)
204.00
233.00
216.00
170.00
188.00
169.00
168.00
191.00
168.00
155.00

(dollars per
ton)
345.00
300.00
275.00
250.00
180.00
183.00
271.00
228.00
195.00
179.00

(dollars per
ton)
210.00
250.00
230.00
175.00
190.00
164.00
187.00
225.00
180.00
152.00

(dollars per
ton)
205.00
240.00
220.00
170.00
195.00
177.00
179.00
226.00
185.00
167.00

(dollars per
ton)
240.00
230.00
265.00
225.00
125.00
168.00
150.00
170.00
135.00
135.00

(dollars per
ton)
130.00
210.00
210.00
170.00
160.00
139.00
154.00
181.00
130.00
115.00

(dollars per
ton)
135.00
200.00
190.00
170.00
160.00
149.00
155.00
174.00
130.00
130.00

Missouri ............................
Montana ...........................
Nebraska ..........................
Nevada .............................
New Mexico ......................
New York ..........................
North Dakota ....................
Ohio ..................................
Oklahoma .........................
Oregon .............................

130.00
243.00
198.00
253.00
303.00
182.00
123.00
171.00
132.00
300.00

142.00
158.00
167.00
178.00
249.00
177.00
104.00
167.00
121.00
229.00

143.00
138.00
161.00
167.00
234.00
186.00
104.00
168.00
107.00
224.00

165.00
245.00
229.00
260.00
315.00
260.00
127.00
200.00
267.00
315.00

175.00
160.00
180.00
180.00
255.00
219.00
113.00
185.00
190.00
230.00

175.00
140.00
173.00
170.00
240.00
231.00
108.00
185.00
177.00
225.00

125.00
235.00
140.00
210.00
240.00
163.00
99.00
155.00
114.00
255.00

135.00
150.00
140.00
160.00
215.00
163.00
80.00
150.00
101.00
225.00

135.00
130.00
140.00
145.00
200.00
171.00
83.00
150.00
97.00
220.00

Pennsylvania ....................
South Dakota ...................
Texas ................................
Utah ..................................
Washington ......................
Wisconsin .........................
Wyoming ..........................

182.00
172.00
201.00
281.00
318.00
151.00
247.00

172.00
143.00
237.00
179.00
215.00
175.00
172.00

179.00
140.00
225.00
164.00
207.00
185.00
158.00

260.00
185.00
276.00
285.00
330.00
160.00
250.00

228.00
151.00
298.00
180.00
210.00
187.00
175.00

241.00
145.00
301.00
165.00
200.00
194.00
160.00

165.00
138.00
184.00
235.00
280.00
110.00
220.00

162.00
125.00
225.00
120.00
225.00
137.00
155.00

170.00
130.00
213.00
110.00
220.00
156.00
140.00

United States ...................

251.00

183.00

179.00

288.00

195.00

195.00

171.00

161.00

149.00

Prices Received for Premium and Supreme Alfalfa Hay – States and 5-State Total: April 2024
State

April 2023

March 2024

(dollars per ton)

April 2024

(dollars per ton)

(dollars per ton)

California ............................................
Idaho ...................................................
Michigan .............................................
Minnesota ...........................................
New York ............................................
Pennsylvania ......................................
Texas ..................................................
Wisconsin ...........................................

330.00
300.00
225.00
209.00
335.00
345.00
344.00
190.00

320.00
220.00
210.00
201.00
309.00
305.00
345.00
227.00

290.00
210.00
215.00
215.00
309.00
305.00
342.00
233.00

5-State Total 1 2 ..................................

315.00

271.00

260.00

1

2

5-State total represents a weighted (hay purchases) average price for the five largest milk producing States (based on the pounds of milk produced
during the previous month).
For April 2023, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. For March 2024, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and
Wisconsin. For April 2024, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin.

16

Agricultural Prices (May 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – States and United States: April 2023
Equivalent returns

Commodity,
State,
and type

FOB
packed
fresh

All

Fresh

Process

All

Fresh

Process

Grapefruit .................................................

(dollars per
box)
(D)

(dollars per
box)
18.15

(dollars per
box)
(D)

(dollars per
box)
(D)

(dollars per
box)
15.28

(dollars per
box)
(D)

(dollars per
box)
(D)

Lemons ....................................................

42.10

20.42

31.03

(D)

13.75

23.83

(D)

Oranges ...................................................

32.60

15.96

23.23

9.07

13.06

20.64

5.88

Packinghouse door

On-tree

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – States and United States: March 2024
Equivalent returns

Commodity,
State,
and type

FOB
packed
fresh

All

Fresh

Process

All

Fresh

Process

Grapefruit .................................................

(dollars per
box)
48.80

(dollars per
box)
19.00

(dollars per
box)
37.32

(dollars per
box)
4.77

(dollars per
box)
16.73

(dollars per
box)
35.09

(dollars per
box)
2.48

Lemons ....................................................

41.90

19.04

30.61

(D)

12.30

23.27

(D)

Oranges ...................................................

33.90

16.92

22.26

15.51

13.32

19.07

11.81

Packinghouse door

On-tree

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization – States and United States: April 2024
Commodity,
State,
and type

Equivalent returns

FOB
packed
fresh

All

Fresh

Process

All

Fresh

Process

(dollars per
box)

(dollars per
box)

(dollars per
box)

(dollars per
box)

(dollars per
box)

(dollars per
box)

(dollars per
box)

Packinghouse door

On-tree

Grapefruit .................................................

43.00

16.98

33.28

(D)

14.89

31.00

(D)

Lemons ....................................................

42.50

17.81

31.21

(D)

11.13

23.87

(D)

Oranges ...................................................

34.30

13.91

22.45

12.38

10.27

19.18

8.68

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.

Agricultural Prices (May 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

17

Prices Received for All Milk – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons
[Before deduction for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies]
April 2023

State

March 2024

April 2024

Price

Fat test

Price

Fat test

Price

Fat test

(dollars per cwt)

(percent)

(dollars per cwt)

(percent)

(dollars per cwt)

(percent)

Arizona ..................................
California ...............................
Colorado ................................
Florida ....................................
Georgia ..................................
Idaho ......................................
Illinois .....................................
Indiana ...................................
Iowa .......................................
Kansas ..................................

19.70
20.00
21.00
24.10
23.40
20.70
20.80
21.40
19.50
19.10

3.74
4.05
3.90
3.77
3.81
4.24
4.12
4.04
4.30
4.14

21.30
20.20
21.30
25.10
25.50
20.50
20.70
22.20
19.10
20.00

4.06
4.23
4.11
3.93
4.04
4.45
4.28
4.16
4.51
4.35

21.10
19.80
20.60
25.40
25.80
20.50
20.10
22.00
19.00
19.70

4.01
4.22
4.05
3.91
3.99
4.30
4.25
4.11
4.48
4.29

Michigan ................................
Minnesota ..............................
New Mexico ...........................
New York ...............................
Ohio .......................................
Oregon ..................................
Pennsylvania .........................
South Dakota ........................
Texas .....................................
Utah .......................................

20.40
20.10
18.40
21.40
21.70
23.70
21.20
21.70
20.60
20.50

4.06
4.41
3.86
4.17
4.01
4.20
4.04
4.63
4.17
4.02

21.30
19.50
19.50
22.40
21.70
23.40
21.70
20.20
21.20
20.80

4.22
4.55
4.07
4.28
4.12
4.44
4.19
4.76
4.35
4.22

20.80
19.40
19.40
22.20
21.30
22.30
21.80
19.40
21.20
20.30

4.19
4.51
4.01
4.26
4.09
4.35
4.15
4.72
4.31
4.17

Vermont .................................
Virginia ..................................
Washington ...........................
Wisconsin ..............................

21.70
23.40
21.30
20.60

4.17
3.92
4.21
4.12

22.80
25.10
22.10
19.10

4.35
4.12
4.32
4.24

22.60
25.20
21.90
18.60

4.33
4.06
4.26
4.23

United States ........................

20.60

4.11

20.70

4.28

20.50

4.24

Prices Received for Milk Cows – States and United States: April 2024 with Comparisons
[Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Quarterly United States milk cow prices are based on revised milk cow inventory]
State
April 2023
January 2024
April 2024
(dollars per head)

(dollars per head)

(dollars per head)

Arizona ...............................................
California ............................................
Colorado .............................................
Florida .................................................
Georgia ...............................................
Idaho ...................................................
Illinois ..................................................
Indiana ................................................
Iowa ....................................................
Kansas ...............................................

1,800
1,655
1,700
1,980
1,640
1,700
1,670
1,900
1,700
1,650

2,000
1,750
1,800
2,230
1,970
1,900
1,850
2,020
1,860
1,850

2,100
1,900
2,000
2,350
2,320
2,100
2,100
2,290
2,170
2,000

Michigan .............................................
Minnesota ...........................................
New Mexico ........................................
New York ............................................
Ohio ....................................................
Oregon ...............................................
Pennsylvania ......................................
South Dakota .....................................
Texas ..................................................
Utah ....................................................

1,860
1,630
1,800
1,760
1,650
1,550
1,770
1,700
1,650
1,500

2,190
1,850
1,900
1,940
1,810
1,650
1,970
1,830
1,750
1,600

2,320
2,150
1,800
2,320
2,160
1,850
2,190
2,000
2,050
1,800

Vermont ..............................................
Virginia ...............................................
Washington ........................................
Wisconsin ...........................................

1,800
1,720
1,600
1,840

1,950
2,000
1,750
2,060

2,340
2,100
1,950
2,380

United States .....................................

1,720

1,890

2,120

18

Agricultural Prices (May 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Parity Price Overview
Parity prices, based on data from January 2024, and adjusted base price data from which parity prices are computed are
presented in the tables on the following pages. Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III. Subtitle A,
Section 301(a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, 1954, and
1956.
The parity prices shown in this report are based on the provisions of the amended Act. Briefly, the actual method of
computation is as follows:
a. The average of prices received by farmers for individual commodities for the 10 preceding years is calculated (for 2024,
the 10-average includes the years 2014-2023). An allowance for unredeemed loans and other supplemental payments
resulting from price support programs, such as the deficiency payments for grains and cotton, is included for those
commodities for which applicable.
b. This 10-year average is divided by the average of the Index of Prices Received by Farmers for the same 10 preceding
calendar years, adjusted to include an allowance for unredeemed loans and other supplemental price support operations, to
give an "adjusted base price".
c. Parity prices are computed by multiplying the "adjusted base prices" by the current Parity Index (the Index of Prices
Paid by Farmers, including Interest, Taxes, and Wage Rates, 1910-1914=100).
Parity prices are calculated in terms of prices received by farmers in the local markets in which they ordinarily sell. This
means that the parity prices apply to the average of all classes and grades of the commodity as sold by all farmers in the
United States, except as otherwise specified. Fruits and vegetables for fresh use and for processing are usually considered
separate commodities and separate parity prices are calculated. The Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937
provided for parity prices for certain commodities covered by a marketing agreement or order program. Under present
legislation, United States parity prices, with appropriate adjustments where needed, may be used for the purpose of this
Act.

Agricultural Prices (May 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

19

Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price – United States: April 2024
with Comparisons
[Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the
Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February Agricultural Prices for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations. Parity
data not available for blank cells. Primary source of data for livestock and milk prices is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural
Marketing Service]
Price as percent
Parity price
Adjusted
of parity
Commodity and unit
base
April
March
April
April
March
April
price
2023
2024
2024
2023
2024
2024
(dollars)
Basic commodities
All wheat ...........................................bushel
Rice ....................................................... cwt
Corn ..................................................bushel
Cotton
Upland .......................................... pound
American Pima ............................ pound
Peanuts ............................................ pound
Small chickpeas 1 ................................. cwt
Large chickpeas 1 ................................. cwt
Lentils 1 .................................................. cwt

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

0.534
1.30
0.396

20.60
48.70
15.40

20.00
48.60
14.80

20.30
49.30
15.00

40
41
44

30
36
29

29
36
29

0.065
0.144
0.020
2.31
2.71
2.42

2.49
5.02
0.793
85.40
104.00
88.00

2.43
5.38
0.747
86.30
101.00
90.40

2.47
5.46
0.759
87.70
103.00
91.80

35
49
34
36
37
38

34
33
36
36
38
46

33
32
36
38
35
45

Designated non-basic
All milk, to plants 2 ................................ cwt
Honey, extracted 3 ........................... pound

1.75
0.199

68.00
7.48

65.40
7.43

66.40
7.55

30
40

31
34

30
33

Wool and mohair
Wool ................................................. pound
Mohair .............................................. pound

0.145
0.496

5.55
18.30

5.42
18.50

5.50
18.80

28
36

29
34

28
34

Other non-basic
Apples, fresh 4 .................................. pound
Barley ...............................................bushel
Canola ................................................... cwt
Cottonseed ............................................ ton
Dry edible beans ................................... cwt
Flaxseed ...........................................bushel
Oats ..................................................bushel
Potatoes, fresh ...................................... cwt
Sorghum grain ...................................... cwt
Soybeans .........................................bushel
Sunflower, all ........................................ cwt

0.047
0.488
1.85
19.50
3.04
1.15
0.295
1.07
0.706
0.991
2.03

1.700
18.50
68.80
710.00
117.00
45.00
11.40
40.40
27.10
38.20
77.80

1.760
18.20
69.10
729.00
114.00
43.00
11.00
40.00
26.40
37.00
75.80

1.780
18.50
70.20
740.00
115.00
43.60
11.20
40.60
26.80
37.60
77.00

49
39
39
31
33
27
35
56
45
39
35

35
41
31
24
37
27
38
26
32
32
30

34
42
31
24
35
28
35
26
32
31
26

Citrus (equivalent on-tree)
Grapefruit ..............................................box
Lemons .................................................box
Oranges ................................................box

1.08
2.10
1.130

38.50
79.00
40.80

40.30
78.50
42.20

41.00
79.70
42.90

40
17
32

42
16
32

36
14
24

Livestock and poultry
Beef cattle ............................................. cwt
Broilers ............................................. pound
Calves ................................................... cwt
Eggs 2 ............................................... dozen
Hogs ...................................................... cwt
Turkeys, live ..................................... pound

12.00
0.052
17.70
0.114
5.33
0.070

446.00
1.96
654.00
4.19
208.00
2.610

448.00
1.94
661.00
4.26
199.00
2.620

455.00
1.97
672.00
4.33
202.00
2.660

38
42
37
40
27
44

41
39
50
46
32
22

41
39
47
49
33
21

1
2
3

4

Parity prices began January 2015.
Seasonally adjusted price as percentage of parity price.
Wholesale extracted. Adjusted base price derived from state annual averages prices weighted by production. For 1982 through 1985 the national
averages are the support prices.
Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York, Oregon, and Washington. Price at point of first sale for other states.

20

Agricultural Prices (May 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Commodity Parity Prices – United States: April 2024 with Comparisons
[Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the
Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February Agricultural Prices for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations]
Commodity and unit

Parity price

Adjusted
base
price

April
2023

March
2024

April
2024

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

Field crops and miscellaneous
Hops .................................................................................. pound
Mustard seed .........................................................................cwt
Rapeseed ..............................................................................cwt
Rye ................................................................................... bushel
Safflower ................................................................................cwt
Spearmint oil ..................................................................... pound
Sweet potatoes ......................................................................cwt

0.488
3.00
2.32
0.595
2.21
1.66
2.05

18.20
111.00
89.50
22.60
82.00
62.30
77.80

18.20
112.00
86.70
22.20
82.60
62.00
76.60

18.50
114.00
88.00
22.60
83.90
63.00
77.80

Tobacco
Flue-cured, 11-14 ......................................................... pound
Fire-cured, 21-23 .......................................................... pound
Burley, 31 ..................................................................... pound
Maryland, 32 ................................................................. pound
Dark air-cured, 35-37 ................................................... pound
Pennsylvania seedleaf, 41 .......................................... pound

0.185
0.253
0.185
0.185
0.226
0.253

6.99
9.48
6.95
6.69
8.46
8.88

6.91
9.45
6.91
6.91
8.44
9.45

7.02
9.60
7.02
7.02
8.58
9.60

20.20
123.00
217.00

782.00
4,680.00
7,100.00

755.00
4,600.00
8,110.00

767.00
4,670.00
8,240.00

218.00
0.028
3.08
255.00

7,820.00
1.210
121.00
8,990.00

8,140.00
1.050
115.00
9,530.00

8,270.00
1.060
117.00
9,680.00

83.50
153.00
92.60
111.00

3,060.00
5,330.00
3,320.00
4,120.00

3,120.00
5,720.00
3,460.00
4,150.00

3,170.00
5,810.00
3,510.00
4,210.00

Non-citrus fruit
Apples, processing 1 2 ........................................................... ton
Apricots, fresh 3 ..................................................................... ton
Avocados 2 3 .......................................................................... ton
Cherries
Sweet ................................................................................. ton
Tart 2 ............................................................................. pound
Cranberry 2 4 ......................................................................barrel
Dates (California) 3 ................................................................ ton
Grapes (California)
Wine, processing ............................................................... ton
Kiwifruit 2 ................................................................................ ton
Nectarines, fresh (California) 3 ............................................. ton
Olives, canning (California) 4 ................................................ ton
See footnote(s) at end of table.

Agricultural Prices (May 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

--continued

21

Commodity Parity Prices – United States: April 2024 with Comparisons (continued)
[Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the
Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February Agricultural Prices for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations]
Commodity and unit

Non-citrus fruit - continued
Papayas (Hawaii) ............................................................ pound
Peaches, fresh 4 5 ..................................................................ton
Pears, fresh 5 .........................................................................ton
Plums (California) equivalent on-tree
Fresh 6 ................................................................................ton
Strawberries
Fresh 7 ............................................................................... cwt
Processing ........................................................................ cwt

Parity price

Adjusted
base
price

April
2023

March
2024

April
2024

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

(dollars)

0.051
117.00
60.60

1.70
4,270.00
2,320.00

1.91
4,370.00
2,260.00

1.94
4,440.00
2,300.00

97.80

3,430.00

3,650.00

3,710.00

10.80
4.05

393.00
156.00

403.00
151.00

410.00
154.00

Sugar crops
Sugar beets 2 8 ...................................................................ton
Sugarcane 2 8 .....................................................................ton

4.17
3.45

150.00
120.00

156.00
129.00

158.00
131.00

Tree nuts 9
Almonds ........................................................................... pound
Hazelnuts ...............................................................................ton
Pistachios ......................................................................... pound
Walnuts ..................................................................................ton

0.235
218.00
0.242
182.00

9.33
8,420.00
9.56
7,780.00

8.78
8,140.00
9.04
6,800.00

8.92
8,270.00
9.18
6,910.00

Vegetables, fresh 7
Carrots 10 ............................................................................... cwt
Cauliflower 10 ......................................................................... cwt
Celery 10 ................................................................................ cwt
Honeydew melons ................................................................ cwt
Lettuce ................................................................................... cwt
Onions 10 ............................................................................... cwt
Tomatoes .............................................................................. cwt

2.92
4.71
2.24
2.37
2.85
1.68
4.22

99.70
159.00
80.50
79.30
99.70
54.80
154.00

109.00
176.00
83.70
88.50
106.00
62.80
158.00

111.00
179.00
85.00
89.90
108.00
63.80
160.00

1

Equivalent returns at processing plant door.
Adjusted base price is carried forward from the previous year since current marketing year average price is not yet available.
3
Equivalent returns at packinghouse door.
4
Equivalent returns for bulk fruit at first delivery point.
5
Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York (apples only), Oregon (except Peaches), and Washington. Price at point of first sale
for other states.
6
Based on "as sold" prices for fresh fruit in all states.
7
FOB shipping point price.
8
Relates to prices including average conditional payments per ton made under the sugar acts of 1937 and 1948. Crop deficiency and abandonment
payments not included.
9
Prices In-Shell basis except almonds which are shelled basis.
10
Includes some processing.
2

22

Agricultural Prices (May 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Marketing Year for Specified Commodities
Tobacco, Dark Air-cured: December 1 to February 28 for the United States and all States
Tobacco, Flue-cured: July 1 to November 30 for the United States and all States
Tobacco, Fire-cured: December 1 to March 31 for the United States; January 1 to March 31 for Kentucky and
Tennessee; December 1 to January 31 for Virginia
Tobacco, Light Air-cured: November 1 to May 31 for the United States; November 1 to February 28 for Kentucky,
North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia; March 1 to May 31 for Pennsylvania
Tobacco Market Year Average Prices Received – States and United States: Marketing Years 2021-2023
State

2021

2022

2023

(Dollars per Pound)

(Dollars per Pound)

(Dollars per Pound)

Georgia ....................................................................................
Kentucky ..................................................................................
North Carolina .........................................................................
Pennsylvania ...........................................................................
South Carolina .........................................................................
Tennessee ...............................................................................
Virginia .....................................................................................

1.970
2.303
2.000
2.781
2.020
2.632
2.121

2.070
2.471
2.100
3.338
2.030
2.713
2.332

2.270
2.558
2.140
3.572
2.140
2.893
2.366

United States ...........................................................................

2.139

2.265

2.309

Agricultural Prices (May 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

23

Tobacco Market Year Average Prices Received by Class and Type – States and United States:
Marketing Years 2021-2023
Class and Type

2021

2022

2023

(Dollars per Pound)

(Dollars per Pound)

(Dollars per Pound)

Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14)
Georgia ................................................................................
North Carolina ......................................................................
South Carolina .....................................................................
Virginia .................................................................................

1.970
2.000
2.020
2.120

2.070
2.100
2.030
2.330

2.270
2.140
2.140
2.360

United States .......................................................................

2.013

2.119

2.167

Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23)
Kentucky ..............................................................................
Tennessee ...........................................................................
Virginia .................................................................................

2.760
2.820
2.480

2.850
2.900
2.880

2.960
(D)
(D)

Other States 1 ......................................................................

(X)

(X)

3.072

United States .......................................................................

2.782

2.870

3.009

Class 3A, Light air-cured
Type 31, Burley
Kentucky ..............................................................................
North Carolina ......................................................................
Pennsylvania .......................................................................
Tennessee ...........................................................................
Virginia .................................................................................

2.060
2.010
2.220
2.040
2.010

2.210
2.240
2.250
2.170
2.160

2.390
2.030
2.500
(D)
(D)

Other States 1 ......................................................................

(X)

(X)

2.409

United States .......................................................................

2.069

2.209

2.395

Type 32, Southern Maryland Belt
Pennsylvania .......................................................................

2.180

2.290

2.370

United States .......................................................................

2.180

2.290

2.370

Total light air-cured (31-32) .....................................................

2.070

2.209

2.395

Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37)
Kentucky ..............................................................................
Tennessee ...........................................................................

2.520
2.450

2.610
2.550

2.730
2.720

United States .......................................................................

2.496

2.587

2.728

Class 4, Cigar filler
Type 41, Pennsylvania Seedleaf
Pennsylvania .......................................................................

3.380

4.050

4.180

United States .......................................................................

3.380

4.050

4.180

All tobacco
United States .......................................................................

2.139

2.265

2.309

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(X) Not applicable.
1
Includes data withheld above.

24

Agricultural Prices (May 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Reliability of Prices Received Estimates
Definition: Prices received represent sales from producers to first buyers. They include all grades and qualities. The
average commodity price from the survey multiplied by the total quantity marketed theoretically should give the total cash
receipts for the commodity.
Survey procedures: Primary sales data used to determine grain prices were obtained from probability samples of about
1,900 mills and elevators. These procedures ensure that virtually all grain moving into commercial channels has a chance
of being included in the survey. Generally, States surveyed account for 90 percent or more of total United States
production. Livestock prices are obtained from packers, stockyards, auctions, dealers, and market check data from
AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, and state commodity groups and agencies. Inter-farm sales of grain and
livestock are not included since they represent very small percentages of the total sales. Grain marketed for seed is also
excluded. Fruit and vegetable prices are obtained from sample surveys and market check data from AMS-USDA, private
marketing organizations, state agencies, and universities.
Summary and estimation procedures: Survey quantities sold are expanded by strata to state levels and used to weight
average strata prices to a state average. State prices are then weighted to a United States price based on expanded sales.
Recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and reviewed by the Agricultural Statistics Board in
Washington, D.C. State recommendations are reviewed for reasonableness with survey data, other States, and recent
historic estimates.
Revisions: In general, revisions are made during annual commodity market year estimation time, following five-year
Census revisions, or when later information is received. Revisions are published in monthly issues of Agricultural Prices.
Reliability: United States price estimates based on probability surveys generally have a sampling error of less than one
percent for the major commodities such as corn, wheat, soybeans, cotton, and rice. Current methods of summarization for
non-probability commodities are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures
approximate the United States relative sampling errors at around five percent. Any non-sampling errors are attributed to
such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in
coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these non -sampling
errors.
Program Changes: See Price Program Links at the end of this report for details on program changes to the Prices Program
methodology.

Agricultural Prices (May 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

25

April Prices Paid by Farmers
The April Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 140.3, is
down 0.2 percent from March 2024 and 0.6 percent from April 2023.
Production: The April index, at 136.7, is down 0.1 percent from March and 1.8 percent from last year. Lower prices for
feeder cattle, hay & forages, complete feeds, and concentrates more than offset higher prices for milk cows, nitrogen,
gasoline, and feeder pigs.
Feed: At 115.7, the April index decreased 1.0 percent from March and 18 percent from last April. Since March,
lower prices for hay & forages, complete feeds, concentrates, and supplements more than offset higher prices for
feed grains.
Livestock and poultry: The April index, at 183.7, decreased 0.6 percent from March but increased 25 percent
from last year. Since March, lower prices for feeder cattle more than offset higher prices for milk cows and feeder
pigs. The April feeder cattle price, at $264.00 per cwt, is down $5.00 per cwt from the March price. The April
feeder pigs price, at $236.00 per cwt, is up $7.00 per cwt from March.
Fertilizer: The index for April, at 107.7, is up 1.2 percent from March but down 7.1 percent from April a year
ago. Since March, higher prices for nitrogen and mixed fertilizer more than offset lower prices for
potash & phosphate.
Chemicals: The April index, at 125.8, is down 0.1 percent from March and 13 percent from last April.
Fuels: At 95.4, the April index is up 0.8 percent from March but down 1.5 percent from April 2023. Compared
with March, prices are higher for gasoline but lower for diesel and LP gas.
Machinery: The index for April, at 165.4, increased 0.2 percent from March and 2.3 percent from last April.
Compared with last month, prices are higher for other machinery, self-propelled machinery, and tractors.
Consumer Price Index: The April 2024 Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), as issued by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics, increased 3.3 percent over the last 12 months to an index level of 313.548 (1982-1984=100).
For the month, the index increased 0.4 percent prior to seasonal adjustment.

26

Agricultural Prices (May 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios – United States: April 2024 with Comparisons
[Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov]
Index Group
and
Ratios

1910-1914 Base

2011 Base

April
2023

March
2024

April
2024

April
2023

March
2024

April
2024

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

Prices paid by farmers for
commodities, services,
interest, taxes, and wage
rates (PPITW) ............................................
Production ..............................................
Feed ...................................................
Livestock and poultry ........................
Seeds .................................................
Fertilizer .............................................
Chemicals ..........................................
Fuels ..................................................
Supplies and repairs .........................

3816
2898
1553
2889
4562
1398
1301
2709
1702

3804
2847
1287
3647
4562
1283
1129
2646
1715

3795
2844
1273
3624
4562
1298
1129
2666
1716

141.1
139.2
141.1
146.4
138.7
115.9
145.1
96.9
144.2

140.6
136.8
116.9
184.8
138.7
106.4
125.9
94.6
145.4

140.3
136.7
115.7
183.7
138.7
107.7
125.8
95.4
145.4

Autos and trucks ...............................
Machinery ..........................................
Building materials ..............................
Services and rent ..............................
Services .............................................
Rent ...................................................

3975
9877
3842
3180
(NA)
(NA)

3960
10083
3900
3247
(NA)
(NA)

3960
10103
3908
3246
(NA)
(NA)

129.2
161.7
165.1
(NA)
142.3
127.0

128.8
165.1
167.6
(NA)
145.4
129.0

128.8
165.4
167.9
(NA)
145.3
129.0

Interest 1 .................................................
Taxes 2 ...................................................
Wage rates ............................................
Family living-CPI 3 .................................

5771
9061
11576
2883

5722
9589
12478
2968

5722
9589
12152
2980

158.3
152.7
161.6
134.9

156.9
161.6
174.2
138.9

156.9
161.6
169.6
139.4

Production, interest, taxes,
and wage rates (PITW) .........................

4006

3974

3961

142.0

140.9

140.4

Ratio (received/paid) .................................
Parity ratio 4 ...............................................
Parity ratio adjusted 5 ................................
PPITW adjusted for
productivity 6 ..........................................

(NA)
35
36

(NA)
33
34

(NA)
33
34

93
(NA)
(NA)

87
(NA)
(NA)

88
(NA)
(NA)

2044

1999

1979

(NA)

(NA)

(NA)

Crop sector (PPITW) .................................
Livestock sector (PPITW) .........................

(NA)
(NA)

(NA)
(NA)

(NA)
(NA)

139.6
142.6

138.0
143.4

138.0
142.8

Farm sector (production) ...........................
Non-farm sector (production) ....................

(NA)
(NA)

(NA)
(NA)

(NA)
(NA)

142.5
137.1

142.8
133.2

141.8
133.5

(NA) Not available.
1
Interest per acre on farm real estate debt and interest rate on farm non-real estate debt.
2
Farm real estate taxes payable per acre.
3
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers (CPI-U), converted by the USDA.
4
Ratio of index of prices received to PPITW (1910-1914=100).
5
Based on estimated cash receipts, from marketings and government payments, the preliminary adjustment factor is updated annually.
6
PPITW is adjusted based on productivity trend for the prior 15 years.

Agricultural Prices (May 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

27

Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components – United States:
April 2024 with Comparisons
[Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Relative weights are a five year moving average]
Relative weights
Indexes (2011=100)
Index Group
April
March
April
2023 1
2024
2023
2024
2024
(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

(percent)

Production items .......................................................

74.105

76.036

139.2

139.8

136.7

Feed ......................................................................
Feed grains .......................................................
Complete feeds ................................................
Hay and forages ...............................................
Concentrates ....................................................
Supplements .....................................................
Livestock and poultry ............................................
Feeder cattle .....................................................
Feeder pigs .......................................................
Milk cow replacements .....................................
Poultry ...............................................................

14.697
2.102
7.202
1.837
2.322
1.235
9.752
7.597
0.780
0.790
0.585

14.590
2.086
7.149
1.824
2.305
1.226
9.438
7.352
0.755
0.765
0.566

141.1
113.1
142.2
156.1
141.9
158.6
146.4
153.8
110.0
121.1
133.5

116.9
76.9
121.9
120.2
128.1
130.2
184.8
196.4
163.6
133.1
133.5

115.7
77.4
121.1
116.4
126.0
129.5
183.7
192.7
168.6
149.3
133.5

Seeds ....................................................................
Field crops ........................................................
Grasses and legumes ......................................
Fertilizer ................................................................
Mixed fertilizer ..................................................
Nitrogen ............................................................
Potash and phosphate .....................................
Chemicals .............................................................
Herbicides .........................................................
Insecticides .......................................................
Fungicides and other ........................................

4.901
4.440
0.461
6.668
2.934
2.801
0.934
3.637
2.291
0.837
0.509

4.766
4.318
0.448
8.927
3.928
3.749
1.250
4.695
2.958
1.080
0.657

138.7
136.9
156.4
115.9
110.1
122.6
114.1
145.1
159.1
121.0
121.5

138.7
136.9
156.4
106.4
105.4
106.0
110.4
125.9
138.0
105.0
105.4

138.7
136.9
156.4
107.7
106.1
108.8
109.4
125.8
138.0
105.0
105.4

Fuels ......................................................................
Diesel ................................................................
Gasoline ............................................................
LP gas ...............................................................
Supplies and repairs .............................................
Supplies ............................................................
Repairs ..............................................................
Autos and trucks ...................................................
Autos .................................................................
Trucks ...............................................................

3.042
1.893
0.637
0.511
4.392
1.471
2.920
1.140
0.148
0.992

3.668
2.283
0.768
0.617
4.176
1.399
2.777
1.074
0.140
0.934

96.9
95.1
99.1
100.6
144.2
145.0
143.8
129.2
123.0
130.2

94.6
93.3
94.5
99.6
145.4
142.6
146.8
128.8
121.7
129.8

95.4
92.9
99.6
99.2
145.4
142.5
146.9
128.8
121.4
129.9

Machinery ..............................................................
Tractors .............................................................
Self-propelled ...................................................
Other machinery ...............................................
Building materials .................................................
Services ................................................................
Custom rates ....................................................
Other services ..................................................
Rent .......................................................................
Cash ..................................................................
Share .................................................................

4.827
1.062
1.931
1.834
3.648
10.954
1.128
9.826
6.448
3.463
2.986

4.501
0.990
1.800
1.710
3.485
10.726
1.105
9.621
5.990
3.217
2.773

161.7
137.6
147.3
190.9
165.1
142.3
141.2
142.4
127.0
129.0
124.7

165.1
139.2
151.1
194.7
167.6
145.4
141.2
145.9
129.0
129.0
129.0

165.4
139.5
151.4
195.1
167.9
145.3
141.2
145.8
129.0
129.0
129.0

Interest ......................................................................
Taxes .........................................................................
Wage rates ................................................................
Family living-CPI .......................................................

2.095
3.159
7.114
13.526

2.032
2.923
6.436
12.574

158.3
152.7
161.6
134.9

156.9
161.6
174.2
138.9

156.9
161.6
169.6
139.4

1

Starting 2023, relative weights published to three decimals.

28

Agricultural Prices (May 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Feed Price Ratios – United States: April 2024 with Comparisons
Feed price ratio 1

April 2023

March 2024

April 2024

Broiler-feed: pounds of broiler grower feed equal
in value to 1 pound of broiler, live weight 2 ..............................................................

4.8

5.9

6.1

Market egg feed: pounds of laying feed equal in
value to 1 dozen eggs 3 ............................................................................................

8.2

20.0

16.6

Hog-corn: bushels of corn equal in value to
100 pounds of hog, live weight .................................................................................

8.5

14.4

15.2

Milk-feed: pounds of 16% mixed dairy feed equal
in value to 1 pound of whole milk 4 ...........................................................................

1.47

2.17

2.14

Steer & heifer-corn: bushels of corn equal
in value to 100 pounds of steer & heifers,
live weight ..............................................................................................................

26.1

43.1

42.6

Turkey-feed: pounds of turkey grower equal in
value to 1 pound of turkey, live weight 5 ..................................................................

7.3

5.0

4.9

1

2

3

4

5

Effective January 1995, prices of commercial prepared feeds are based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, alfalfa hay, and
all wheat.
The price of commercial prepared broiler feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed uses 58
percent corn and 42 percent soybeans.
The price of commercial prepared layer feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The mode led feed uses 75
percent corn and 25 percent soybeans.
The price of commercial prepared dairy feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and alfalfa. The modeled feed
uses 51 percent corn, 8 percent soybeans, and 41 percent alfalfa.
The price of commercial prepared turkey feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and wheat. The modeled feed
uses 51 percent corn, 28 percent soybeans, and 21 percent wheat.

Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios – United States:
April 2024 with Comparisons
[Price data source for livestock and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service]
Item

April 2023

March 2024

(dollars)

April 2024

(dollars)

(dollars)

Broilers, live .............................................................................. pound
Eggs, market ............................................................................. dozen

0.831
1.25

0.752
2.15

0.776
1.79

Hogs, all ......................................................................................... cwt
Milk, all ........................................................................................... cwt

57.00
20.60

62.80
20.70

66.90
20.50

Steers and heifers ......................................................................... cwt
Turkeys, live .............................................................................. pound

175.00
1.160

188.00
0.584

187.00
0.566

Corn ...........................................................................................bushel
Hay, alfalfa ..................................................................................... ton

6.70
288.00

4.36
195.00

4.39
195.00

Soybeans ..................................................................................bushel
Wheat, all ..................................................................................bushel

14.90
8.31

11.80
6.01

11.80
5.91

Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock – United States: April 2024 with Comparisons
[Price data source is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service]
Item
April 2023
(dollars)
Feeder cattle & calves ................................................................... cwt
Feeder pigs .................................................................................... cwt

Agricultural Prices (May 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

211.00
154.00

March 2024

April 2024

(dollars)

(dollars)
269.00
229.00

264.00
236.00

29

Feed Ratios Monthly and Annual Average – United States: 2019-2024
[Annual average is a simple average of monthly ratios, January through December]
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Year
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
1

2

3

4

5
6

Broiler 1
January
5.8
4.9
3.5
5.3
4.1
5.4

February
5.1
4.2
3.1
4.5
3.9
5.7

March
5.3
4.4
3.0
5.0
4.4
5.9

April
5.8
2.4
3.6
5.6
4.8
6.1

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

6.1
3.8
3.6
5.7
5.0

5.4
4.0
3.7
5.5
4.8

4.8
3.7
3.7
5.2
4.0

4.3
3.3
3.6
4.3
3.8

4.0
2.9
4.2
4.2
4.4

4.1
3.0
4.3
4.4
4.5

4.1
3.5
4.3
4.4
4.7

4.5
3.7
5.1
4.3
5.1

Average
4.9
3.7
3.8
4.9
4.5
5.7

Market Egg 2
January
9.3
5.6
6.5
9.8
19.6
17.2

February
7.9
7.4
6.3
8.5
16.0
21.3

March
7.0
18.7
7.5
9.2
17.7
20.0

April
4.3
10.1
4.4
13.8
8.2
16.6

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

2.4
6.3
3.7
11.4
5.0

4.4
5.5
3.6
11.4
6.7

2.4
6.0
4.1
16.1
6.6

6.5
6.3
5.8
11.2
8.1

5.2
6.6
6.2
17.0
7.6

4.9
8.5
5.3
19.7
7.8

10.8
7.7
7.0
23.6
13.8

8.3
4.7
9.3
32.2
14.4

Average
6.1
7.8
5.8
15.3
11.0
18.8

Turkey 3
January
5.6
6.7
6.5
6.1
7.6
4.3

February
5.8
7.0
5.9
5.7
7.2
5.0

March
5.9
7.4
5.8
5.5
7.4
5.0

April
6.3
7.9
5.7
5.4
7.3
4.9

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

6.1
8.3
5.5
5.5
6.8

6.1
8.5
5.8
5.9
6.7

6.2
8.7
5.8
6.5
6.3

6.6
8.7
6.0
6.6
5.8

7.0
8.6
7.2
7.4
6.1

7.0
8.2
7.3
8.2
5.8

7.5
7.3
6.3
8.1
5.2

6.9
6.9
6.1
7.7
3.7

Average
6.4
7.9
6.2
6.6
6.3
4.8

Milk 4
January
2.06
2.42
2.00
2.13
1.71
1.98

February
2.07
2.35
1.80
2.04
1.57
2.13

March
2.13
2.25
1.76
2.02
1.55
2.17

April
2.11
1.85
1.75
1.95
1.47
2.14

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

2.12
1.77
1.65
1.91
1.40

2.09
2.37
1.56
1.87
1.35

2.16
2.70
1.52
1.77
1.37

2.26
2.52
1.48
1.69
1.66

2.34
2.30
1.66
1.71
1.88

2.42
2.51
1.84
1.90
2.02

2.65
2.60
1.92
1.92
2.11

2.57
2.19
1.96
1.83
1.98

Average
2.25
2.32
1.74
1.89
1.67
2.11

Hog-Corn 5
January
12.5
12.6
11.8
10.5
8.8
11.2

February
12.1
12.0
11.9
11.3
8.8
13.3

March
12.9
13.0
13.7
11.4
9.3
14.4

April
16.8
12.9
14.2
10.8
8.5
15.2

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

17.2
15.9
13.4
10.5
9.0

14.9
13.1
13.8
10.7
10.0

13.6
12.4
13.1
11.4
11.9

14.9
13.8
12.5
11.9
12.9

12.6
14.6
12.9
10.4
12.5

12.8
15.6
13.0
10.9
12.3

13.0
13.7
11.1
10.3
12.3

12.7
12.4
10.3
9.5
11.1

Average
13.8
13.5
12.7
10.8
10.6
13.5

Steer & Heifer-Corn 6
January
34.8
33.0
26.4
24.9
24.1
37.1

February
35.0
32.3
24.2
23.2
23.8
41.7

March
35.7
31.0
23.7
21.6
25.0
43.1

April
36.3
33.7
22.8
20.1
26.1
42.6

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

33.6
34.7
20.5
19.8
27.1

28.9
34.8
20.5
19.2
28.4

27.2
30.5
20.4
19.9
29.6

28.5
33.3
19.8
19.9
32.5

27.4
30.8
23.2
20.5
35.3

28.3
29.9
25.1
22.8
37.7

31.3
28.8
25.1
23.7
39.5

32.3
28.0
25.8
24.0
36.7

Average
31.6
31.7
23.1
21.6
30.5
41.1

The price of commercial prepared broiler feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed ration
uses 58 percent corn and 42 percent soybeans.
The price of commercial prepared layer feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The mode led feed ration uses
75 percent corn and 25 percent soybeans.
The price of commercial prepared turkey feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and wheat. The modeled feed
ration uses 51 percent corn, 28 percent soybeans, and 21 percent wheat.
The price of commercial prepared dairy feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and alfalfa. The modeled feed
ration uses 51 percent corn, 8 percent soybeans, and 41 percent alfalfa.
Number of bushels of corn equal in value to 100 pounds of all hogs, live weight.
Number of bushels of corn equal in value to 100 pounds of steers & heifers, live weight.

30

Agricultural Prices (May 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates
Definition: Prices paid by farmers represent the average costs of inputs purchased by farmers and ranchers to produce
agricultural commodities. Conceptually, the average price when multiplied by quantity purchased should equal total
producer expenditures for the item.
Survey procedures: The prices paid data are obtained from establishments that sell goods and services to farmers and
ranchers. Annually, about 8,500 firms are randomly selected from lists by type of item sold with an average response rate
in the range of 75-80 percent. Firms are asked to report the price for the specified item "most commonly bought by
farmers" or that was the "volume seller". Approximately 135 items are surveyed each March to represent all production
input items purchased. The survey reference period for all items is the full preceding calendar year. Separate prices paid
surveys are conducted for agricultural chemicals, fuels, feed, fertilizer, machinery, and seed.
Summary and estimation procedures: The annual March Prices Paid Survey is summarized as a non-probability survey.
Average prices reported are aggregated to the region and United States level using weights available from expenditure
data and other administrative sources. Price recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and
Headquarters for review by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. Also, the change in price level for
individual items surveyed are combined to the regional and United States levels, and are published as prices paid indexes
referenced to a specific base period. Prices paid indexes for new autos and trucks, building materials, farm supplies, motor
supplies, and marketing containers are updated based on price changes measured in selected Bureau of Labor Statistics
(BLS) indexes.
Revisions: Any revisions are published in the monthly and in annual issues of Agricultural Prices. The basis for revision
must be supported by additional data that directly affect the level of the estimate. More revisions are likely for March
when separate prices paid surveys are conducted, in lieu of BLS indexes, by the USDA to measure price change.
Reliability: Current methods of summarization for the March data are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors.
However, analytical measures approximate the United States relative sampling errors for major items around 10 percent.
Any non-sampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in
interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the
survey process to minimize these non-sampling errors.
Program Changes: See Price Program Links at the end of this report for details on program changes to the Prices Program
methodology.

Agricultural Prices (May 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

31

Information Contacts
General
Bryan Combs, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch .............................................. (202) 720-6146
Crop Prices Received
Nick Streff, Chief, Crops Branch ................................................................................................................. (202) 720-2127
Chris Hawthorn, Head, Field Crops Section ................................................................................................. (202) 720-2127
Irwin Anolik – Flaxseed, Mustard Seed ...................................................................................................... (202) 720-7621
Joshua Bates – Hemp, Oats, Soybeans ........................................................................................................ (202) 690-3234
Natasha Bruton – Barley............................................................................................................................. (202) 690-1042
Michelle Harder – Hay, Peanuts ................................................................................................................. (202) 690-8533
James Johanson – Rye, Wheat .................................................................................................................... (202) 720-8068
Greg Lemmons – Corn, Proso Millet, Rice ................................................................................................. (202) 720-9526
Becky Sommer – Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum ................................................................................. (202) 720-5944
Travis Thorson – Canola, Rapeseed, Safflower, Sunflower ........................................................................ (202) 720-7369
Fleming Gibson, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section .......................................................... (202) 720-2131
Deonne Holiday – Almonds, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Garlic, Onions,
Plums, Prunes, Tobacco ............................................................................................................................ (202) 720-4288
Bret Holliman – Apricots, Chickpeas, Nectarines, Peaches, Snap Beans,
Sweet Corn, Tomatoes .............................................................................................................................. (202) 720-7235
Robert Little – Blueberries, Cabbage, Dry Beans, Lettuce, Macadamia,
Maple Syrup, Pears, Raspberries, Spinach ................................................................................................ (202) 720-3250
Krishna Rizal – Artichokes, Asparagus, Celery, Grapefruit, Kiwifruit, Lemons,
Mandarins and tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges, Pistachios............................................... (202) 720-5412
Chris Singh – Apples, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins,
Squash, Strawberries, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes .................................................................. (202) 720-4285
Antonio Torres – Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Grapes, Green Peas,
Honeydews, Lentils, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Walnuts, Watermelons ............................................. (202) 720-2157
Chris Wallace – Avocados, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cauliflower,
Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Hops, Papayas, Pecans ....................................................................... (202) 720-4215
Livestock Prices Received
Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch ....................................................................................................... (202) 692-0069
Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section ........................................................................................................... (202) 690-2424
Ryan Cowen – Cattle and Cattle on Feed .................................................................................................... (202) 720-3040
Kim DaPra – Milk, Milk Cows ................................................................................................................... (512) 501-3266
Anthony Fischer – Hogs and Pigs ............................................................................................................... (202) 720-3106
Fatema Haque – Turkeys ............................................................................................................................ (202) 505-0041
Seth Riggins – Honey ................................................................................................................................. (202) 720-3106
Autumn Stone – Eggs ................................................................................................................................. (202) 690-3676
Takiyah Walker – Broilers.......................................................................................................................... (202) 720-6147
Indexes, Prices Paid, and Parity Prices
Bryan Combs, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch .............................................. (202) 720-6146
Bruce Boess, Head, Economics Section ........................................................................................................ (202) 720-4447
Ralph Mondesir – Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes ......................................... (202) 221-9297
Scott Peterson – Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes ............................................ (360) 890-3261
Max Reason – Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes, Prices Paid for Feed,
Fertilizer, Chemicals, Seeds, Fuels, Farm Supplies and Repairs, Farm Machinery, Feeder Livestock,
Poultry Chicks, Feed Price Ratios ............................................................................................................ (202) 720-8844

32

Agricultural Prices (May 2024)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Access to NASS Reports
For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways:
➢ All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov.
➢ Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free
subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on “National” or “State” in upper right corner above “search”
box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive.
➢ Cornell’s Mann Library has launched a new website housing NASS’s and other agency’s archived reports. The
new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing reports will be sent from the new
website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. To continue receiving the reports via e-mail, you will have to go to the
new website, create a new account and re-subscribe to the reports. If you need instructions to set up an account or
subscribe, they are located at: https://usda.library.cornell.edu/help. You should whitelist [email protected] in your email client to avoid the emails going into spam/junk folders.
For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540,
7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: [email protected].
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for
employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where
applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's
income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program
or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or
employment activities.)
If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination
Complaint Form (PDF), found online at www.ascr.usda.gov/filing-program-discrimination-complaint-usda-customer, or
at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the
information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax
(202) 690-7442 or email at [email protected].

Price Program Links
Economics and Prices
http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_Subject/Economics_and_Prices/index.php
Agricultural Prices Program and Survey
https://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/