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pdfCost of Pollination
ISSN: 2475-4315
Released December 15, 2023, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United Sta tes
Department of Agriculture (USDA).
Cost per Colony to Pollinate Almonds down 3 Percent from 2022
In Regions 6 & 7, the average cost per colony for almonds decreased 3 percent from 194 dollars per colony in 2022 to
188 dollars per colony in 2023. The average price per acre decreased from 336 dollars per acre to 310 dollars per acre
during that period. The total value of pollination for almonds decreased 8 percent. Almonds were the highest valued crop
in that region. The total value of all pollination in Regions 6 & 7 for 2023 was 356 million dollars, down 8 percent from
2022.
Cranberries had the highest total value of pollination of crops reported in Region 1 in 2023. The price per colony for
cranberries increased 1 percent to 82.8 dollars per colony in 2023. The price per acre increased 8 percent to 200 dollars
per acre. The total value of pollination for cranberries in Region 1 for 2023 was 6.46 million dollars. The total value for
pollination of all crops in Region 1 for 2023 was 19.8 million dollars, down 10 percent from 2022.
Blueberries had the highest total value of pollination of crops reported in Region 2 in 2023. The price per colony for
blueberries decreased 15 percent to 66.4 dollars per colony in 2023. The price per acre unchanged at 139 dollars per acre.
The total value of pollination for blueberries in Region 2 for 2023 was 3.25 million dollars. The total value of pollination
of all crops in Region 2 for 2023 was 6.75 million dollars, up 2 percent from 2022.
Watermelons had the highest total value of pollination of crops reported in Region 3 in 2023. The price per colony
for watermelons decreased 26 percent to 57.0 dollars per colony in 2023. The price per acre decreased 19 percent to
81.5 dollars per acre. The total value of pollination for watermelons in Region 3 for 2023 was 2.00 million dollars. The
total value of pollination of all crops in Region 3 for 2023 was 5.59 million dollars, down 24 percent from 2022.
Apples had the highest total value of pollination of crops reported in Region 4 in 2023. The price per colony for
apples increased 44 percent to 74.2 dollars per colony in 2023. The price per acre increased 57 percent to 64.4 dollars per
acre. The total value of pollination for apples in Region 4 for 2023 was 141 thousand dollars. The total value of
pollination of all crops in Region 4 for 2023 was 1.28 million dollars, up 104 percent from 2022.
Apples had the highest total value of pollination of crops reported in Region 5 in 2023. The price per colony for
apples increased 2 percent to 59.5 dollars per colony in 2023. The price per acre increased 8 percent to 68.0 dollars per
acre. The total value of pollination for apples in Region 5 for 2023 was 9.76 million dollars. The total value of pollination
of all crops in Region 5 for 2023 was 24.6 million dollars, up 41 percent from 2022.
Contents
Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and
Total Value of Pollination – Region 1: 2022....................................................................................................................... 3
Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and
Total Value of Pollination – Region 1: 2023....................................................................................................................... 3
Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and
Total Value of Pollination – Region 2: 2022....................................................................................................................... 4
Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and
Total Value of Pollination – Region 2: 2023....................................................................................................................... 4
Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and
Total Value of Pollination – Region 3: 2022....................................................................................................................... 5
Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and
Total Value of Pollination – Region 3: 2023....................................................................................................................... 5
Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and
Total Value of Pollination – Region 4: 2022....................................................................................................................... 6
Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and
Total Value of Pollination – Region 4: 2023....................................................................................................................... 6
Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and
Total Value of Pollination – Region 5: 2022....................................................................................................................... 7
Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and
Total Value of Pollination – Region 5: 2023....................................................................................................................... 7
Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and
Total Value of Pollination – Region 6 & 7: 2022 ................................................................................................................ 8
Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and
Total Value of Pollination – Region 6 & 7: 2023 ................................................................................................................ 8
Statistical Methodology ...................................................................................................................................................... 9
Regional Listing ................................................................................................................................................................10
Terms and Definitions of Cost of Pollination Estimates.....................................................................................................10
Information Contacts .........................................................................................................................................................11
2
Cost of Pollination (December 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and
Total Value of Pollination – Region 1: 2022
[See regional listing on page 10]
Region 1
Crop
Paid
pollinated acres
Price per
acre
Colonies
used
Price per
colony 2
Total value
of pollination
(acres)
(dollars)
(colonies)
(dollars)
(1,000 dollars)
Tree fruit
Apple .....................................
Cherry ...................................
68,400
28,000
43.8
34.5
39,000
16,500
91.2
78.9
3,557
1,302
Melons
Watermelon ..........................
3,100
59.6
3,000
80.8
242
Berries
Blueberry ..............................
Cranberry ..............................
45,900
27,700
179.0
185.0
87,000
65,000
98.4
81.6
8,561
5,304
Vegetables
Cucumber .............................
Pumpkin ................................
Squash ..................................
9,300
7,100
5,400
20.7
40.6
31.2
10,500
7,500
4,600
69.7
78.6
63.2
732
590
291
All other 1 .................................
8,500
47.2
17,000
77.4
1,316
Total ..........................................
203,400
91.0
250,100
87.5
21,895
1
2
Includes crops not categorized above.
Regional total price per colony is total value of pollination divided by colonies used.
Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and
Total Value of Pollination – Region 1: 2023
[See regional listing on page 10]
Region 1
Crop
Paid
pollinated acres
Price per
acre
Colonies
used
Price per
colony 2
Total value
of pollination
(acres)
(dollars)
(colonies)
(dollars)
(1,000 dollars)
Tree fruit
Apple .....................................
Cherry ...................................
76,400
29,400
38.5
27.0
44,000
12,500
81.0
66.7
3,564
834
Melons
Watermelon ..........................
1,950
74.6
2,400
69.9
168
Berries
Blueberry ..............................
Cranberry ..............................
40,800
32,100
142.0
200.0
81,000
78,000
76.8
82.8
6,221
6,458
Vegetables
Cucumber .............................
Pumpkin ................................
Squash ..................................
8,100
8,700
4,800
41.3
36.5
52.3
4,600
6,000
4,400
79.6
77.2
83.9
366
463
369
All other 1 .................................
5,600
46.8
17,500
77.8
1,362
Total ..........................................
207,850
83.0
250,400
79.1
19,805
1
2
Includes crops not categorized above.
Regional total price per colony is total value of pollination divided by colonies used.
Cost of Pollination (December 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
3
Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and
Total Value of Pollination – Region 2: 2022
[See regional listing on page 10]
Region 2
Crop
Paid
pollinated acres
Price per
acre
Colonies
used
Price per
colony 2
Total value
of pollination
(acres)
(dollars)
(colonies)
(dollars)
(1,000 dollars)
Tree fruit
Apple ....................................
11,900
17.6
5,500
52.6
289
Melons
Cantaloupe ...........................
Watermelon ..........................
1,850
16,900
84.9
77.5
3,300
19,500
52.3
70.6
173
1,377
Berries
Blueberry ..............................
22,400
139.0
46,000
78.3
3,602
Vegetables
Pumpkin ...............................
Squash .................................
1,850
3,150
38.5
89.7
1,300
5,500
88.9
53.3
116
293
All other 1 ................................
8,800
52.3
13,000
57.8
751
Total .........................................
66,850
84.0
94,100
70.2
6,601
1
2
Includes crops not categorized above.
Regional total price per colony is total value of pollination divided by colonies used.
Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and
Total Value of Pollination – Region 2: 2023
[See regional listing on page 10]
Region 2
Crop
Paid
pollinated acres
Price per
acre
Colonies
used
Price per
colony 2
Total value
of pollination
(acres)
(dollars)
(colonies)
(dollars)
(1,000 dollars)
Tree fruit
Apple ....................................
11,800
26.3
5,000
69.3
347
Melons
Cantaloupe ...........................
Watermelon ..........................
2,600
18,000
74.4
88.8
3,800
25,000
57.5
66.1
219
1,653
Berries
Blueberry ..............................
21,100
139.0
49,000
66.4
3,254
Vegetables
Pumpkin ...............................
Squash .................................
1,160
2,750
36.9
73.1
1,000
4,100
74.6
60.3
75
247
All other 1 ................................
13,400
54.4
14,500
65.9
956
Total .........................................
70,810
84.8
102,400
65.9
6,751
1
2
4
Includes crops not categorized above.
Regional total price per colony is total value of pollination divided by colonies used.
Cost of Pollination (December 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and
Total Value of Pollination – Region 3: 2022
[See regional listing on page 10]
Region 3
Crop
Paid
pollinated acres
Price per
acre
Colonies
used
Price per
colony 2
Total value
of pollination
(acres)
(dollars)
(colonies)
(dollars)
(1,000 dollars)
Melons
Watermelon ..........................
18,200
100.0
24,000
76.9
1,846
Berries
Blueberry ..............................
4,200
134.0
16,500
54.8
904
All other 1 .................................
32,700
46.9
89,000
52.1
4,637
Total ..........................................
55,100
71.2
129,500
57.0
7,387
1
2
Includes crops not categorized above.
Regional total price per colony is total value of pollination divided by colonies used.
Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and
Total Value of Pollination – Region 3: 2023
[See regional listing on page 10]
Region 3
Crop
Paid
pollinated acres
Price per
acre
Colonies
used
Price per
colony 2
Total value
of pollination
(acres)
(dollars)
(colonies)
(dollars)
(1,000 dollars)
Melons
Watermelon ..........................
22,100
81.5
35,000
57.0
1,995
Berries
Blueberry ..............................
2,350
230.0
18,000
59.3
1,067
.................................
26,700
58.7
37,000
68.3
2,527
Total ..........................................
51,150
76.5
90,000
62.1
5,589
All other
1
2
1
Includes crops not categorized above.
Regional total price per colony is total value of pollination divided by colonies used.
Cost of Pollination (December 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
5
Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and
Total Value of Pollination – Region 4: 2022
[See regional listing on page 10]
Region 4
Crop
Paid
pollinated acres
Price per
acre
Colonies
used
Price per
colony 2
Total value
of pollination
(acres)
(dollars)
(colonies)
(dollars)
(1,000 dollars)
Tree fruit
Apple ....................................
Cherry ...................................
1,750
1,210
41.0
36.1
2,200
2,300
51.7
32.1
114
74
All other 1 ................................
1,650
52.6
8,000
55.0
440
Total .........................................
4,610
44.2
12,500
50.2
628
1
2
Includes crops not categorized above.
Regional total price per colony is total value of pollination divided by colonies used.
Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and
Total Value of Pollination – Region 4: 2023
[See regional listing on page 10]
Region 4
Crop
Paid
pollinated acres
Price per
acre
Colonies
used
Price per
colony 2
Total value
of pollination
(acres)
(dollars)
(colonies)
(dollars)
(1,000 dollars)
Tree fruit
Apple ....................................
Cherry ...................................
1,150
1,040
64.4
41.6
1,900
2,600
74.2
43.3
141
113
All other 1 ................................
1,160
62.4
19,000
53.9
1,024
Total .........................................
3,350
56.7
23,500
54.4
1,278
1
2
6
Includes crops not categorized above.
Regional total price per colony is total value of pollination divided by colonies used.
Cost of Pollination (December 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and
Total Value of Pollination – Region 5: 2022
[See regional listing on page 10]
Region 5
Crop
Paid
pollinated acres
Price per
acre
Colonies
used
Price per
colony 2
Total value
of pollination
(acres)
(dollars)
(colonies)
(dollars)
(1,000 dollars)
Tree fruit
Apple .....................................
Cherry ...................................
Peach ....................................
Pear .......................................
104,000
40,700
1,060
20,000
62.8
115.0
37.3
61.3
113,000
79,000
1,100
23,000
58.3
60.2
47.7
55.8
6,588
4,756
52
1,283
Berries
Blueberry ..............................
Cranberry ..............................
Raspberry .............................
13,300
4,100
4,100
136.0
118.0
58.4
39,000
6,500
6,500
50.9
73.9
40.2
1,985
480
261
All other 1 .................................
33,400
44.8
45,000
45.5
2,048
Total ..........................................
220,660
74.7
313,100
55.7
17,453
1
2
Includes crops not categorized above.
Regional total price per colony is total value of pollination divided by colonies used.
Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and
Total Value of Pollination – Region 5: 2023
[See regional listing on page 10]
Region 5
Crop
Paid
pollinated acres
Price per
acre
Colonies
used
Price per
colony 2
Total value
of pollination
(acres)
(dollars)
(colonies)
(dollars)
(1,000 dollars)
Tree fruit
Apple .....................................
Cherry ...................................
Pear .......................................
139,500
36,100
23,800
68.0
104.0
56.7
164,000
62,000
23,000
59.5
61.2
59.1
9,758
3,794
1,359
Berries
Blueberry ..............................
Cranberry ..............................
Raspberry .............................
23,500
6,000
2,600
150.0
121.0
72.6
64,000
9,000
4,700
56.5
81.9
40.7
3,616
737
191
All other 1 .................................
53,900
84.5
73,000
71.3
5,205
Total ..........................................
285,400
82.6
399,700
61.7
24,660
1
2
Includes crops not categorized above.
Regional total price per colony is total value of pollination divided by colonies used.
Cost of Pollination (December 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
7
Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and
Total Value of Pollination – Region 6 & 7: 2022
[See regional listing on page 10]
Region 6 & 7
Crop
Paid
pollinated acres
Price per
acre
Colonies
used
Price per
colony 2
Total value
of pollination
(acres)
(dollars)
(colonies)
(dollars)
(1,000 dollars)
Tree nuts
Almond .................................
1,032,700
336.0
1,880,000
194.0
364,720
Tree fruit
Cherry ...................................
27,000
163.0
53,000
84.0
4,452
All other 1 ................................
96,100
120.0
300,000
58.6
17,580
Total .........................................
1,155,800
313.8
2,233,000
173.2
386,752
1
2
Includes crops not categorized above.
Regional total price per colony is total value of pollination divided by colonies used.
Paid Pollinated Acres, Price per Acre, Colonies Used, Price per Colony, and
Total Value of Pollination – Region 6 & 7: 2023
[See regional listing on page 10]
Region 6 & 7
Crop
Paid
pollinated acres
Price per
acre
Colonies
used
Price per
colony 2
Total value
of pollination
(acres)
(dollars)
(colonies)
(dollars)
(1,000 dollars)
Tree nuts
Almond .................................
1,075,400
310.0
1,780,000
188.0
334,640
Tree fruit
Apples ..................................
Cherry ...................................
3,350
26,500
84.9
124.0
6,500
44,000
56.2
77.9
365
3,428
Melons .....................................
Cantaloupe .........................
Watermelon .......................
36,100
8,900
62.4
150.0
28,000
9,500
81.6
142.0
2,285
1,349
Other Crops ............................
Alfalfa .................................
Sunflower ...........................
11,200
18,300
139.0
88.1
19,500
27,000
92.0
60.5
1,794
1,634
All other 1 ................................
64,100
101.0
165,000
66.3
10,940
Total .........................................
1,243,850
281.3
2,079,500
171.4
356,435
1
2
8
Includes crops not categorized above.
Regional total price per colony is total value of pollination divided by colonies used.
Cost of Pollination (December 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Statistical Methodology
Survey Procedures: The Cost of Pollination survey, conducted annually in all 50 states, collects information on acreage
pollinated, colonies used, and dollars spent for a variety of different crops. The target population for Cost of Pollination
estimate program is all farms and ranches with at least one acre of a crop determined to be potentially pollinated by honey
bees. There were 33 specific crops targeted in the Cost of Pollination sampling scheme, 19 of these crops were listed
individually on the questionnaire. Additional crops were allowed to be reported under the “All Other Crops” category (see
“Sampled Crops”). Any other reported commodity not included in these lists were grouped as miscellaneous and
summarized together. The Cost of Pollination samples were selected using a Multivariate Probability Proportional to Size
(MPPS) sampling scheme. Each record was assigned a measure of size based on the record’s data for multiple specified
commodities. The 2023 sample size was 15,548 and the 2022 sample size was 15,590. All sampled operations were
mailed a questionnaire and given adequate time to respond by mail or electronic data reporting (EDR). Those that did not
respond by mail or EDR were telephoned or enumerated in person.
Sampled Crops: The 19 sampled crops listed on the questionnaire were: alfalfa, almonds, apples, blueberries,
cantaloupes, cherries, clover, cranberries, cucumber, nectarines, oranges, peaches, pears, pumpkins, raspberries, squash,
strawberries, sunflowers, and watermelons. The 14 remaining crops that were sampled, but not listed individually on the
questionnaire were: apricots, avocados, boysenberries, buckwheat, canola, grapes, honeydew melons, kiwifruit, plums,
prunes, macadamia nuts, mangos, tomatoes, and turnips.
Estimation Procedures: Estimates were prepared by the Agricultural Statistics Board after reviewing recommendations
and analysis submitted by each Regional Field Office. All data were analyzed for unusual values. Data from each
operation were compared to their own past operating profile and to trends from similar operations. Data for missing
operations were covered by weighting positive data of similar operations based on location and strata. National and State
survey data were reviewed for reasonableness with each other, estimates from the previous year, and other USDA, NASS
reports.
In order to be published individually, a crop must have an appropriate threshold of paid pollinated acres in a region and
meet USDA, NASS's confidentiality policy. If a crop did not meet either of these requirements, it was combined with all
other unpublished crops under the “All Other” heading. Due to the differences in regions and years, the aggregate and
other published estimates may include different crops.
Revision Policy: The previous year’s estimates are subject to revision when current year’s estimates are made. Revisions
are the result of late reports or corrected data.
Reliability: Estimates were created by reviewing rounded indications from the survey and the associated measures of
error. Due to the sampled population differing from other USDA, NASS surveys, estimates on this report may differ from
other published numbers. Since all operations with crops were not included in the sample, survey estimates are subject to
sampling variability. The measurement of error due to sampling in the current period is evaluated by the coefficient of
variation for each estimated item. For individually published crops, coefficients of variation can be found using USDA,
NASS’s Quick Stats searchable database.
Survey results were also subject to non-sampling errors such as omissions, duplication, and mistakes in reporting,
recording, and processing the data. While these errors cannot be measured directly, they were minimized through strict
quality controls in the data collection process and a careful review of all reported data for consistency and reasonableness.
Cost of Pollination (December 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
9
Estimation Regions
To improve the reliability and increase the number of estimates which can be published, estimates are published at
regional level, based on the regions used for the 2012 Census of Agriculture. Regions 6 and 7 were combined. The states
in each region are as follows:
Region 1:
Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Massachusetts, Maine, Michigan, Nebraska,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont,
Wisconsin.
Region 2:
Alabama, Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee,
Virginia, West Virginia.
Region 3:
Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas.
Region 4:
Colorado, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming.
Region 5:
Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington.
Region 6 & 7:
Arizona, California, Hawaii.
Terms and Definitions of Cost of Pollination Estimates
Paid Pollinated Acres: Acreage that an operation paid money to be pollinated by honey bees.
Dollars per Acre: The average price paid by operations to pollinate an acre of crop. Acres pollinated for free or on a
nonmonetary basis were not included in this calculation.
Colonies Used: The total colonies used to pollinate a crop; regardless of ownership or if on a paid basis.
Dollars per Colony: The average price paid by operations to use a colony for pollination. Colonies owned by the
operation or used on a nonmonetary basis were not included.
Total Value of Pollination: The total valuation of all pollination, calculated by multiplying the price per colony by
colonies used.
10
Cost of Pollination (December 2023)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service
Information Contacts
Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Livestock Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to
contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to [email protected]
Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch ...................................................................................................... (202) 692-0069
Jean Porter, Head, Poultry and Specialty Commodities Section ................................................................... (202) 690-3223
Holly Brenize – Poultry Slaughter ......................................................................................................... (202) 720-0585
Liana Cuffman – Catfish and Trout, Mink, Census of Aquaculture ....................................................... (202) 720-8784
Fatema Haque – Turkey Hatchery, Turkeys Raised ............................................................................... (202) 720-3244
Derron Martin – Chicken Hatchery, Egg Products ................................................................................. (202) 690-3237
Seth Riggins – Honey, Honey Bee Colonies ......................................................................................... (202) 690-4870
Shulonda Shaw – Cold Storage, Capacity of Refrigerated Warehouses ................................................. (202) 720-3240
Autumn Stone – Layers, Eggs ............................................................................................................... (202) 690-3676
Takiyah Walker – Broiler Hatchery ....................................................................................................... (202) 720-6147
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| File Type | application/pdf |
| File Title | Cost of Pollination 12/15/2023 |
| Author | USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service |
| File Modified | 2023-12-15 |
| File Created | 2023-12-15 |