Executive Order 13676

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Presidential Documents

Executive Order 13676 of September 18, 2014

Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the
laws of the United States of America, I hereby order as follows:
Section 1. Policy. The discovery of antibiotics in the early 20th century
fundamentally transformed human and veterinary medicine. Antibiotics save
millions of lives each year in the United States and around the world.
The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, however, represents a serious threat
to public health and the economy. The Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) in the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
estimates that annually at least two million illnesses and 23,000 deaths
are caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the United States alone.
Detecting, preventing, and controlling antibiotic resistance requires a strategic, coordinated, and sustained effort. It also depends on the engagement
of governments, academia, industry, healthcare providers, the general public,
and the agricultural community, as well as international partners. Success
in this effort will require significant efforts to: minimize the emergence
of antibiotic-resistant bacteria; preserve the efficacy of new and existing
antibacterial drugs; advance research to develop improved methods for combating antibiotic resistance and conducting antibiotic stewardship; strengthen
surveillance efforts in public health and agriculture; develop and promote
the use of new, rapid diagnostic technologies; accelerate scientific research
and facilitate the development of new antibacterial drugs, vaccines,
diagnostics, and other novel therapeutics; maximize the dissemination of
the most up-to-date information on the appropriate and proper use of antibiotics to the general public and healthcare providers; work with the pharmaceutical industry to include information on the proper use of over-thecounter and prescription antibiotic medications for humans and animals;
and improve international collaboration and capabilities for prevention, surveillance, stewardship, basic research, and drug and diagnostics development.
The Federal Government will work domestically and internationally to detect,
prevent, and control illness and death related to antibiotic-resistant infections
by implementing measures that reduce the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and help ensure the continued availability of effective
therapeutics for the treatment of bacterial infections.

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Sec. 2. Oversight and Coordination. Combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria
is a national security priority. The National Security Council staff, in collaboration with the Office of Science and Technology Policy, the Domestic
Policy Council, and the Office of Management and Budget, shall coordinate
the development and implementation of Federal Government policies to
combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including the activities, reports, and recommendations of the Task Force for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
established in section 3 of this order.
Sec. 3. Task Force for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. There is
hereby established the Task Force for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
(Task Force), to be co-chaired by the Secretaries of Defense, Agriculture,
and HHS.
(a) Membership. In addition to the Co-Chairs, the Task Force shall consist
of representatives from:
(i) the Department of State;

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(ii) the Department of Justice;
(iii) the Department of Veterans Affairs;
(iv) the Department of Homeland Security;
(v) the Environmental Protection Agency;
(vi) the United States Agency for International Development;
(vii) the Office of Management and Budget;
(viii) the Domestic Policy Council;
(ix) the National Security Council staff;
(x) the Office of Science and Technology Policy;
(xi) the National Science Foundation; and
(xii) such executive departments, agencies, or offices as the Co-Chairs
may designate.
Each executive department, agency, or office represented on the Task Force
(Task Force agency) shall designate an employee of the Federal Government
to perform the functions of the Task Force. In performing its functions,
the Task Force may make use of existing interagency task forces on antibiotic
resistance.
(b) Mission. The Task Force shall identify actions that will provide for
the facilitation and monitoring of implementation of this order and the
National Strategy for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (Strategy).
(c) Functions.
(i) By February 15, 2015, the Task Force shall submit a 5-year National
Action Plan (Action Plan) to the President that outlines specific actions
to be taken to implement the Strategy. The Action Plan shall include
goals, milestones, and metrics for measuring progress, as well as associated
timelines for implementation. The Action Plan shall address recommendations made by the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology regarding combating antibiotic resistance.
(ii) Within 180 days of the release of the Action Plan and each year
thereafter, the Task Force shall provide the President with an update
on Federal Government actions to combat antibiotic resistance consistent
with this order, including progress made in implementing the Strategy
and Action Plan, plans for addressing any barriers preventing full implementation of the Strategy and Action Plan, and recommendations for
new or modified actions. Annual updates shall include specific goals,
milestones, and metrics for all proposed actions and recommendations.
The Task Force shall take Federal Government resources into consideration
when developing these proposed actions and recommendations.

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(iii) In performing its functions, the Task Force shall review relevant
statutes, regulations, policies, and programs, and shall consult with relevant
domestic and international organizations and experts, as necessary.
(iv) The Task Force shall conduct an assessment of progress made towards
achieving the milestones and goals outlined in the Strategy in conjunction
with the Advisory Council established pursuant to section 4 of this order.
Sec. 4. Presidential Advisory Council on Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. (a) The Secretary of HHS (Secretary), in consultation with the Secretaries of Defense and Agriculture, shall establish the Presidential Advisory
Council on Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (Advisory Council). The
Advisory Council shall be composed of not more than 30 members to be
appointed or designated by the Secretary.
(b) The Secretary shall designate a chairperson from among the members
of the Advisory Council.
(c) The Advisory Council shall provide advice, information, and recommendations to the Secretary regarding programs and policies intended
to: preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics by optimizing their use; advance

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research to develop improved methods for combating antibiotic resistance
and conducting antibiotic stewardship; strengthen surveillance of antibioticresistant bacterial infections; prevent the transmission of antibiotic-resistant
bacterial infections; advance the development of rapid point-of-care and
agricultural diagnostics; further research on new treatments for bacterial
infections; develop alternatives to antibiotics for agricultural purposes; maximize the dissemination of up-to-date information on the appropriate and
proper use of antibiotics to the general public and human and animal
healthcare providers; and improve international coordination of efforts to
combat antibiotic resistance. The Secretary shall provide the President with
all written reports created by the Advisory Council.
(d) Task Force agencies shall, to the extent permitted by law, provide
the Advisory Council with such information as it may require for purposes
of carrying out its functions.
(e) To the extent permitted by law, and subject to the availability of
appropriations, HHS shall provide the Advisory Council with such funds
and support as may be necessary for the performance of its functions.
Sec. 5. Improved Antibiotic Stewardship. (a) By the end of calendar year
2016, HHS shall review existing regulations and propose new regulations
or other actions, as appropriate, that require hospitals and other inpatient
healthcare delivery facilities to implement robust antibiotic stewardship programs that adhere to best practices, such as those identified by the CDC.
HHS shall also take steps to encourage other healthcare facilities, such
as ambulatory surgery centers and dialysis facilities, to adopt antibiotic
stewardship programs.
(b) Task Force agencies shall, as appropriate, define, promulgate, and
implement stewardship programs in other healthcare settings, including office-based practices, outpatient settings, emergency departments, and institutional and long-term care facilities such as nursing homes, pharmacies,
and correctional facilities.
(c) By the end of calendar year 2016, the Department of Defense (DoD)
and the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) shall review their existing
regulations and, as appropriate, propose new regulations and other actions
that require their hospitals and long-term care facilities to implement robust
antibiotic stewardship programs that adhere to best practices, such as those
defined by the CDC. DoD and the VA shall also take steps to encourage
their other healthcare facilities, such as ambulatory surgery centers and
outpatient clinics, to adopt antibiotic stewardship programs.
(d) Task Force agencies shall, as appropriate, monitor improvements in
antibiotic use through the National Healthcare Safety Network and other
systems.
(e) The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in HHS, in coordination
with the Department of Agriculture (USDA), shall continue taking steps
to eliminate the use of medically important classes of antibiotics for growth
promotion purposes in food-producing animals.

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(f) USDA, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and FDA shall
strengthen coordination in common program areas, such as surveillance
of antibiotic use and resistance patterns in food-producing animals, interspecies disease transmissibility, and research findings.
(g) DoD, HHS, and the VA shall review existing regulations and propose
new regulations and other actions, as appropriate, to standardize the collection and sharing of antibiotic resistance data across all their healthcare
settings.
Sec. 6. Strengthening National Surveillance Efforts for Resistant Bacteria.
(a) The Task Force shall ensure that the Action Plan includes procedures
for creating and integrating surveillance systems and laboratory networks
to provide timely, high-quality data across healthcare and agricultural settings, including detailed genomic and other information, adequate to track
resistant bacteria across diverse settings. The network-integrated surveillance

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systems and laboratory networks shall include common information requirements, repositories for bacteria isolates and other samples, a curated genomic
database, rules for access to samples and scientific data, standards for electronic health record-based reporting, data transparency, budget coordination,
and international coordination.
(b) Task Force agencies shall, as appropriate, link data from Federal Government sample isolate repositories for bacteria strains to an integrated surveillance system, and, where feasible, the repositories shall enhance their sample
collections and further interoperable data systems with national surveillance
efforts.
(c) USDA, EPA, and FDA shall work together with stakeholders to monitor
and report on changes in antibiotic use in agriculture and their impact
on the environment.
(d) Task Force agencies shall, as appropriate, monitor antibiotic resistance
in healthcare settings through the National Healthcare Safety Network and
related systems.
Sec. 7. Preventing and Responding to Infections and Outbreaks with Antibiotic-Resistant Organisms. (a) Task Force agencies shall, as appropriate,
utilize the enhanced surveillance activities described in section 6 of this
order to prevent antibiotic-resistant infections by: actively identifying and
responding to antibiotic-resistant outbreaks; preventing outbreaks and transmission of antibiotic-resistant infections in healthcare, community, and agricultural settings through early detection and tracking of resistant organisms;
and identifying and evaluating additional strategies in the healthcare and
community settings for the effective prevention and control of antibioticresistant infections.
(b) Task Force agencies shall take steps to implement the measures and
achieve the milestones outlined in the Strategy and Action Plan.

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(c) DoD, HHS, and the VA shall review and, as appropriate, update their
hospital and long-term care infectious disease protocols for identifying, isolating, and treating antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection cases.
Sec. 8. Promoting New and Next Generation Antibiotics and Diagnostics.
(a) As part of the Action Plan, the Task Force shall describe steps that
agencies can take to encourage the development of new and next-generation
antibacterial drugs, diagnostics, vaccines, and novel therapeutics for both
the public and agricultural sectors, including steps to develop infrastructure
for clinical trials and options for attracting greater private investment in
the development of new antibiotics and rapid point-of-care diagnostics. Task
Force agency efforts shall focus on addressing areas of unmet medical need
for individuals, including those antibiotic-resistant bacteria CDC has identified as public and agricultural health threats.
(b) Together with the countermeasures it develops for biodefense threats,
the Biomedical Advanced Research Development Authority in HHS shall
develop new and next-generation countermeasures that target antibiotic-resistant bacteria that present a serious or urgent threat to public health.
(c) The Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise
in HHS shall, as appropriate, coordinate with Task Force agencies’ efforts
to promote new and next-generation countermeasures to target antibioticresistant bacteria that present a serious or urgent threat to public health.
Sec. 9. International Cooperation. Within 30 days of the date of this order,
the Secretaries of State, USDA, and HHS shall designate representatives
to engage in international action to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including the development of the World Health Organization (WHO) Global
Action Plan for Antimicrobial Resistance with the WHO, Member States,
and other relevant organizations. The Secretaries of State, USDA, and HHS
shall conduct a review of international collaboration activities and partnerships, and identify and pursue opportunities for enhanced prevention, surveillance, research and development, and policy engagement. All Task Force

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agencies with research and development activities related to antibiotic resistance shall, as appropriate, expand existing bilateral and multilateral scientific
cooperation and research pursuant to the Action Plan.
Sec. 10. General Provisions. (a) This order shall be implemented consistent
with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.
(b) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:
(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency,
or the head thereof; or
(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget
relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.
(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit,
substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party
against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers,
employees, or agents, or any other person.
(d) Insofar as the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended (5 U.S.C.
App.) (the ‘‘Act’’), may apply to the Advisory Council, any functions of
the President under the Act, except for that of reporting to the Congress,
shall be performed by the Secretary in accordance with the guidelines issued
by the Administrator of General Services.

THE WHITE HOUSE,
September 18, 2014.
[FR Doc. 2014–22805
Filed 9–22–14; 11:15 am]

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