Patent Cooperation Treaty

Patent Cooperation Treaty
(PCT)
Done at Washington on June 19, 1970,
amended on September 28, 1979,
modified on February 3, 1984, and on October 3, 2001

Patent Cooperation Treaty

Editor’s Note: For details concerning amendments and modifications to the Patent
Cooperation Treaty (PCT), and for access to decisions of the Assembly of the
International Patent Cooperation Union (PCT Assembly) concerning their entry into
force and transitional arrangements, reference should be made to the relevant reports of
the PCT Assembly available from the International Bureau or via the WIPO website at:
www.wipo.int/pct/en/meetings/assemblies/reports.htm.

2

Patent Cooperation Treaty

Patent Cooperation Treaty
Done at Washington on June 19, 1970,
amended on September 28, 1979,
modified on February 3, 1984, and on October 3, 2001

TABLE OF CONTENTS*
Preamble
Introductory Provisions
Article 1
Establishment of a Union
Article 2
Definitions
Chapter I:
Article
Article
Article
Article
Article
Article
Article
Article
Article
Article
Article
Article
Article
Article
Article
Article
Article
Article
Article
Article
Article

International Application and International Search
3
The International Application
4
The Request
5
The Description
6
The Claims
7
The Drawings
8
Claiming Priority
9
The Applicant
10
The Receiving Office
11
Filing Date and Effects of the International Application
12
Transmittal of the International Application to the
International Bureau and the International Searching
Authority
13
Availability of Copy of the International Application to
Designated Offices
14
Certain Defects in the International Application
15
The International Search
16
The International Searching Authority
17
Procedure before the International Searching Authority
18
The International Search Report
19
Amendment of the Claims before the International Bureau
20
Communication to Designated Offices
21
International Publication
22
Copy, Translation, and Fee, to Designated Offices
23
Delaying of National Procedure

*

Table of Contents and Editor’s Notes are added for the convenience of the reader; they
do not form part of the Treaty.

3

Patent Cooperation Treaty
Article
Article
Article
Article
Article

24
25
26
27
28

Article 29
Article 30
Chapter II:
Article
Article
Article
Article
Article
Article
Article
Article
Article
Article
Article
Article

Possible Loss of Effect in Designated States
Review by Designated Offices
Opportunity to Correct before Designated Offices
National Requirements
Amendment of the Claims, the Description, and the
Drawings, before Designated Offices
Effects of the International Publication
Confidential Nature of the International Application

International Preliminary Examination
31
Demand for International Preliminary Examination
32
The International Preliminary Examining Authority
33
The International Preliminary Examination
34
Procedure before the International Preliminary Examining
Authority
35
The International Preliminary Examination Report
36
Transmittal, Translation, and Communication, of the
International Preliminary Examination Report
37
Withdrawal of Demand or Election
38
Confidential Nature of the International Preliminary
Examination
39
Copy, Translation, and Fee, to Elected Offices
40
Delaying of National Examination and Other Processing
41
Amendment of the Claims, the Description, and the
Drawings, before Elected Offices
42
Results of National Examination in Elected Offices

Chapter III: Common Provisions
Article 43
Seeking Certain Kinds of Protection
Article 44
Seeking Two Kinds of Protection
Article 45
Regional Patent Treaties
Article 46
Incorrect Translation of the International Application
Article 47
Time Limits
Article 48
Delay in Meeting Certain Time Limits
Article 49
Right to Practice before International Authorities

4

Patent Cooperation Treaty

Chapter IV: Technical Services
Article 50
Patent Information Services
Article 51
Technical Assistance
Article 52
Relations with Other Provisions of the Treaty
Chapter V:
Article
Article
Article
Article
Article
Article

Administrative Provisions
53
Assembly
54
Executive Committee
55
International Bureau
56
Committee for Technical Cooperation
57
Finances
58
Regulations

Chapter VI: Disputes
Article 59
Disputes
Chapter VII: Revision and Amendment
Article 60
Revision of the Treaty
Article 61
Amendment of Certain Provisions of the Treaty
Chapter VIII: Final Provisions
Article 62
Becoming Party to the Treaty
Article 63
Entry into Force of the Treaty
Article 64
Reservations
Article 65
Gradual Application
Article 66
Denunciation
Article 67
Signature and Languages
Article 68
Depositary Functions
Article 69
Notifications

5

Patent Cooperation Treaty

The Contracting States,
Desiring to make a contribution to the progress of science and technology,
Desiring to perfect the legal protection of inventions,
Desiring to simplify and render more economical the obtaining of protection
for inventions where protection is sought in several countries,
Desiring to facilitate and accelerate access by the public to the technical
information contained in documents describing new inventions,
Desiring to foster and accelerate the economic development of developing
countries through the adoption of measures designed to increase the efficiency
of their legal systems, whether national or regional, instituted for the protection
of inventions by providing easily accessible information on the availability of
technological solutions applicable to their special needs and by facilitating
access to the ever expanding volume of modern technology,
Convinced that cooperation among nations will greatly facilitate the
attainment of these aims,
Have concluded the present Treaty.

6

Patent Cooperation Treaty
INTRODUCTORY PROVISIONS
Article 1
Establishment of a Union
(1) The States party to this Treaty (hereinafter called “the Contracting
States”) constitute a Union for cooperation in the filing, searching, and
examination, of applications for the protection of inventions, and for rendering
special technical services. The Union shall be known as the International Patent
Cooperation Union.
(2) No provision of this Treaty shall be interpreted as diminishing the rights
under the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property of any
national or resident of any country party to that Convention.
Article 2
Definitions
For the purposes of this Treaty and the Regulations and unless expressly
stated otherwise:
(i) “application” means an application for the protection of an
invention; references to an “application” shall be construed as references to
applications for patents for inventions, inventors’ certificates, utility certificates,
utility models, patents or certificates of addition, inventors’ certificates of
addition, and utility certificates of addition;
(ii) references to a “patent” shall be construed as references to patents
for inventions, inventors’ certificates, utility certificates, utility models, patents
or certificates of addition, inventors’ certificates of addition, and utility
certificates of addition;
(iii) “national patent” means a patent granted by a national authority;
(iv) “regional patent” means a patent granted by a national or an
intergovernmental authority having the power to grant patents effective in more
than one State;
(v) “regional application” means an application for a regional patent;
(vi) references to a “national application” shall be construed as
references to applications for national patents and regional patents, other than
applications filed under this Treaty;
(vii) “international application” means an application filed under this
Treaty;

7

Patent Cooperation Treaty

(viii) references to an “application” shall be construed as references to
international applications and national applications;
(ix) references to a “patent” shall be construed as references to national
patents and regional patents;
(x) references to “national law” shall be construed as references to the
national law of a Contracting State or, where a regional application or a regional
patent is involved, to the treaty providing for the filing of regional applications
or the granting of regional patents;
(xi) “priority date,” for the purposes of computing time limits, means:
(a) where the international application contains a priority claim
under Article 8, the filing date of the application whose priority is so claimed;
(b) where the international application contains several priority
claims under Article 8, the filing date of the earliest application whose priority
is so claimed;
(c) where the international application does not contain any priority
claim under Article 8, the international filing date of such application;
(xii) “national Office” means the government authority of a Contracting
State entrusted with the granting of patents; references to a “national Office”
shall be construed as referring also to any intergovernmental authority which
several States have entrusted with the task of granting regional patents,
provided that at least one of those States is a Contracting State, and provided
that the said States have authorized that authority to assume the obligations and
exercise the powers which this Treaty and the Regulations provide for in respect
of national Offices;
(xiii) “designated Office” means the national Office of or acting for the
State designated by the applicant under Chapter I of this Treaty;
(xiv) “elected Office” means the national Office of or acting for the State
elected by the applicant under Chapter II of this Treaty;
(xv) “receiving Office” means the national Office or the
intergovernmental organization with which the international application has
been filed;
(xvi) “Union” means the International Patent Cooperation Union;
(xvii) “Assembly” means the Assembly of the Union;
(xviii) “Organization” means the World Intellectual Property Organization;
(xix) “International Bureau” means the International Bureau of the
Organization and, as long as it subsists, the United International Bureaux for the
Protection of Intellectual Property (BIRPI);

8

Patent Cooperation Treaty
(xx) “Director General” means the Director General of the Organization
and, as long as BIRPI subsists, the Director of BIRPI.
CHAPTER I
INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION AND INTERNATIONAL SEARCH
Article 3
The International Application
(1) Applications for the protection of inventions in any of the Contracting
States may be filed as international applications under this Treaty.
(2) An international application shall contain, as specified in this Treaty and
the Regulations, a request, a description, one or more claims, one or more
drawings (where required), and an abstract.
(3) The abstract merely serves the purpose of technical information and
cannot be taken into account for any other purpose, particularly not for the
purpose of interpreting the scope of the protection sought.
(4) The international application shall:
(i) be in a prescribed language;
(ii) comply with the prescribed physical requirements;
(iii) comply with the prescribed requirement of unity of invention;
(iv) be subject to the payment of the prescribed fees.
Article 4
The Request
(1) The request shall contain:
(i) a petition to the effect that the international application be processed
according to this Treaty;
(ii) the designation of the Contracting State or States in which protection
for the invention is desired on the basis of the international application
(“designated States”); if for any designated State a regional patent is available
and the applicant wishes to obtain a regional patent rather than a national
patent, the request shall so indicate; if, under a treaty concerning a regional
patent, the applicant cannot limit his application to certain of the States party to
that treaty, designation of one of those States and the indication of the wish to
obtain the regional patent shall be treated as designation of all the States party
to that treaty; if, under the national law of the designated State, the designation
of that State has the effect of an application for a regional patent, the

9

Patent Cooperation Treaty
designation of the said State shall be treated as an indication of the wish to
obtain the regional patent;
(iii) the name of and other prescribed data concerning the applicant and
the agent (if any);
(iv) the title of the invention;
(v) the name of and other prescribed data concerning the inventor where
the national law of at least one of the designated States requires that these
indications be furnished at the time of filing a national application. Otherwise,
the said indications may be furnished either in the request or in separate notices
addressed to each designated Office whose national law requires the furnishing
of the said indications but allows that they be furnished at a time later than that
of the filing of a national application.
(2) Every designation shall be subject to the payment of the prescribed fee
within the prescribed time limit.
(3) Unless the applicant asks for any of the other kinds of protection
referred to in Article 43, designation shall mean that the desired protection
consists of the grant of a patent by or for the designated State. For the purposes
of this paragraph, Article 2(ii) shall not apply.
(4) Failure to indicate in the request the name and other prescribed data
concerning the inventor shall have no consequence in any designated State
whose national law requires the furnishing of the said indications but allows
that they be furnished at a time later than that of the filing of a national
application. Failure to furnish the said indications in a separate notice shall
have no consequence in any designated State whose national law does not
require the furnishing of the said indications.
Article 5
The Description
The description shall disclose the invention in a manner sufficiently clear
and complete for the invention to be carried out by a person skilled in the art.
Article 6
The Claims
The claim or claims shall define the matter for which protection is sought.
Claims shall be clear and concise. They shall be fully supported by the
description.

10

Patent Cooperation Treaty

Article 7
The Drawings
(1) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (2)(ii), drawings shall be required
when they are necessary for the understanding of the invention.
(2) Where, without being necessary for the understanding of the invention,
the nature of the invention admits of illustration by drawings:
(i) the applicant may include such drawings in the international
application when filed,
(ii) any designated Office may require that the applicant file such
drawings with it within the prescribed time limit.
Article 8
Claiming Priority
(1) The international application may contain a declaration, as prescribed in
the Regulations, claiming the priority of one or more earlier applications filed in
or for any country party to the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial
Property.
(2)(a) Subject to the provisions of subparagraph (b), the conditions for, and
the effect of, any priority claim declared under paragraph (1) shall be as
provided in Article 4 of the Stockholm Act of the Paris Convention for the
Protection of Industrial Property.
(b) The international application for which the priority of one or more
earlier applications filed in or for a Contracting State is claimed may contain the
designation of that State. Where, in the international application, the priority of
one or more national applications filed in or for a designated State is claimed, or
where the priority of an international application having designated only one
State is claimed, the conditions for, and the effect of, the priority claim in that
State shall be governed by the national law of that State.
Article 9
The Applicant
(1) Any resident or national of a Contracting State may file an international
application.
(2) The Assembly may decide to allow the residents and the nationals of
any country party to the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial
Property which is not party to this Treaty to file international applications.

11

Patent Cooperation Treaty
(3) The concepts of residence and nationality, and the application of those
concepts in cases where there are several applicants or where the applicants are
not the same for all the designated States, are defined in the Regulations.
Article 10
The Receiving Office
The international application shall be filed with the prescribed receiving
Office, which will check and process it as provided in this Treaty and the
Regulations.
Article 11
Filing Date and Effects of the International Application
(1) The receiving Office shall accord as the international filing date the date
of receipt of the international application, provided that that Office has found
that, at the time of receipt:
(i) the applicant does not obviously lack, for reasons of residence or
nationality, the right to file an international application with the receiving
Office,
(ii) the international application is in the prescribed language,
(iii) the international application contains at least the following elements:
(a) an indication that it is intended as an international application,
(b) the designation of at least one Contracting State,
(c) the name of the applicant, as prescribed,
(d) a part which on the face of it appears to be a description,
(e) a part which on the face of it appears to be a claim or claims.
(2)(a) If the receiving Office finds that the international application did not,
at the time of receipt, fulfill the requirements listed in paragraph (1), it shall, as
provided in the Regulations, invite the applicant to file the required correction.
(b) If the applicant complies with the invitation, as provided in the
Regulations, the receiving Office shall accord as the international filing date the
date of receipt of the required correction.
(3) Subject to Article 64(4), any international application fulfilling the
requirements listed in items (i) to (iii) of paragraph (1) and accorded an
international filing date shall have the effect of a regular national application in
each designated State as of the international filing date, which date shall be
considered to be the actual filing date in each designated State.

12

Patent Cooperation Treaty
(4) Any international application fulfilling the requirements listed in
items (i) to (iii) of paragraph (1) shall be equivalent to a regular national filing
within the meaning of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial
Property.
Article 12
Transmittal of the International Application to the
International Bureau and the International Searching Authority
(1) One copy of the international application shall be kept by the receiving
Office (“home copy”), one copy (“record copy”) shall be transmitted to the
International Bureau, and another copy (“search copy”) shall be transmitted to
the competent International Searching Authority referred to in Article 16, as
provided in the Regulations.
(2) The record copy shall be considered the true copy of the international
application.
(3) The international application shall be considered withdrawn if the
record copy has not been received by the International Bureau within the
prescribed time limit.
Article 13
Availability of Copy of the
International Application to Designated Offices
(1) Any designated Office may ask the International Bureau to transmit to it
a copy of the international application prior to the communication provided for
in Article 20, and the International Bureau shall transmit such copy to the
designated Office as soon as possible after the expiration of one year from the
priority date.
(2)(a) The applicant may, at any time, transmit a copy of his international
application to any designated Office.
(b) The applicant may, at any time, ask the International Bureau to
transmit a copy of his international application to any designated Office, and the
International Bureau shall transmit such copy to the designated Office as soon
as possible.
(c) Any national Office may notify the International Bureau that it does
not wish to receive copies as provided for in subparagraph (b), in which case
that subparagraph shall not be applicable in respect of that Office.

13

Patent Cooperation Treaty

Article 14
Certain Defects in the International Application
(1)(a) The receiving Office shall check whether the international application
contains any of the following defects, that is to say:
(i) it is not signed as provided in the Regulations;
(ii) it does not contain the prescribed indications concerning the
applicant;
(iii) it does not contain a title;
(iv) it does not contain an abstract;
(v) it does not comply to the extent provided in the Regulations with
the prescribed physical requirements.
(b) If the receiving Office finds any of the said defects, it shall invite the
applicant to correct the international application within the prescribed time
limit, failing which that application shall be considered withdrawn and the
receiving Office shall so declare.
(2) If the international application refers to drawings which, in fact, are not
included in that application, the receiving Office shall notify the applicant
accordingly and he may furnish them within the prescribed time limit and, if he
does, the international filing date shall be the date on which the drawings are
received by the receiving Office. Otherwise, any reference to the said drawings
shall be considered non-existent.
(3)(a) If the receiving Office finds that, within the prescribed time limits,
the fees prescribed under Article 3(4)(iv) have not been paid, or no fee
prescribed under Article 4(2) has been paid in respect of any of the designated
States, the international application shall be considered withdrawn and the
receiving Office shall so declare.
(b) If the receiving Office finds that the fee prescribed under Article 4(2)
has been paid in respect of one or more (but less than all) designated States
within the prescribed time limit, the designation of those States in respect of
which it has not been paid within the prescribed time limit shall be considered
withdrawn and the receiving Office shall so declare.
(4) If, after having accorded an international filing date to the international
application, the receiving Office finds, within the prescribed time limit, that any
of the requirements listed in items (i) to (iii) of Article 11(1) was not complied
with at that date, the said application shall be considered withdrawn and the
receiving Office shall so declare.

14

Patent Cooperation Treaty

Article 15
The International Search
(1) Each international application shall be the subject of international
search.
(2) The objective of the international search is to discover relevant prior art.
(3) International search shall be made on the basis of the claims, with due
regard to the description and the drawings (if any).
(4) The International Searching Authority referred to in Article 16 shall
endeavor to discover as much of the relevant prior art as its facilities permit, and
shall, in any case, consult the documentation specified in the Regulations.
(5)(a) If the national law of the Contracting State so permits, the applicant
who files a national application with the national Office of or acting for such
State may, subject to the conditions provided for in such law, request that a
search similar to an international search (“international-type search”) be carried
out on such application.
(b) If the national law of the Contracting State so permits, the national
Office of or acting for such State may subject any national application filed with
it to an international-type search.
(c) The international-type search shall be carried out by the International
Searching Authority referred to in Article 16 which would be competent for an
international search if the national application were an international application
and were filed with the Office referred to in subparagraphs (a) and (b). If the
national application is in a language which the International Searching
Authority considers it is not equipped to handle, the international-type search
shall be carried out on a translation prepared by the applicant in a language
prescribed for international applications and which the International Searching
Authority has undertaken to accept for international applications. The national
application and the translation, when required, shall be presented in the form
prescribed for international applications.
Article 16
The International Searching Authority
(1) International search shall be carried out by an International Searching
Authority, which may be either a national Office or an intergovernmental
organization, such as the International Patent Institute, whose tasks include the
establishing of documentary search reports on prior art with respect to
inventions which are the subject of applications.

15

Patent Cooperation Treaty
(2) If, pending the establishment of a single International Searching
Authority, there are several International Searching Authorities, each receiving
Office shall, in accordance with the provisions of the applicable agreement
referred to in paragraph (3)(b), specify the International Searching Authority or
Authorities competent for the searching of international applications filed with
such Office.
(3)(a) International Searching Authorities shall be appointed by the
Assembly. Any national Office and any intergovernmental organization
satisfying the requirements referred to in subparagraph (c) may be appointed as
International Searching Authority.
(b) Appointment shall be conditional on the consent of the national
Office or intergovernmental organization to be appointed and the conclusion of
an agreement, subject to approval by the Assembly, between such Office or
organization and the International Bureau. The agreement shall specify the
rights and obligations of the parties, in particular, the formal undertaking by the
said Office or organization to apply and observe all the common rules of
international search.
(c) The Regulations prescribe the minimum requirements, particularly as
to manpower and documentation, which any Office or organization must satisfy
before it can be appointed and must continue to satisfy while it remains
appointed.
(d) Appointment shall be for a fixed period of time and may be extended
for further periods.
(e) Before the Assembly makes a decision on the appointment of any
national Office or intergovernmental organization, or on the extension of its
appointment, or before it allows any such appointment to lapse, the Assembly
shall hear the interested Office or organization and seek the advice of the
Committee for Technical Cooperation referred to in Article 56 once that
Committee has been established.
Article 17
Procedure before the International Searching Authority
(1) Procedure before the International Searching Authority shall be
governed by the provisions of this Treaty, the Regulations, and the agreement
which the International Bureau shall conclude, subject to this Treaty and the
Regulations, with the said Authority.

16

Patent Cooperation Treaty
(2)(a) If the International Searching Authority considers
(i) that the international application relates to a subject matter which
the International Searching Authority is not required, under the
Regulations, to search, and in the particular case decides not to
search, or
(ii) that the description, the claims, or the drawings, fail to comply
with the prescribed requirements to such an extent that a
meaningful search could not be carried out,
the said Authority shall so declare and shall notify the applicant and the
International Bureau that no international search report will be established.
(b) If any of the situations referred to in subparagraph (a) is found to
exist in connection with certain claims only, the international search report shall
so indicate in respect of such claims, whereas, for the other claims, the said
report shall be established as provided in Article 18.
(3)(a) If the International Searching Authority considers that the
international application does not comply with the requirement of unity of
invention as set forth in the Regulations, it shall invite the applicant to pay
additional fees. The International Searching Authority shall establish the
international search report on those parts of the international application which
relate to the invention first mentioned in the claims (“main invention”) and,
provided the required additional fees have been paid within the prescribed time
limit, on those parts of the international application which relate to inventions in
respect of which the said fees were paid.
(b) The national law of any designated State may provide that, where the
national Office of that State finds the invitation, referred to in subparagraph (a),
of the International Searching Authority justified and where the applicant has
not paid all additional fees, those parts of the international application which
consequently have not been searched shall, as far as effects in that State are
concerned, be considered withdrawn unless a special fee is paid by the applicant
to the national Office of that State.
Article 18
The International Search Report
(1) The international search report shall be established within the prescribed
time limit and in the prescribed form.

17

Patent Cooperation Treaty

(2) The international search report shall, as soon as it has been established,
be transmitted by the International Searching Authority to the applicant and the
International Bureau.
(3) The international search report or the declaration referred to in
Article 17(2)(a) shall be translated as provided in the Regulations. The
translations shall be prepared by or under the responsibility of the International
Bureau.
Article 19
Amendment of the Claims before the International Bureau
(1) The applicant shall, after having received the international search report,
be entitled to one opportunity to amend the claims of the international
application by filing amendments with the International Bureau within the
prescribed time limit. He may, at the same time, file a brief statement, as
provided in the Regulations, explaining the amendments and indicating any
impact that such amendments might have on the description and the drawings.
(2) The amendments shall not go beyond the disclosure in the international
application as filed.
(3) If the national law of any designated State permits amendments to go
beyond the said disclosure, failure to comply with paragraph (2) shall have no
consequence in that State.
Article 20
Communication to Designated Offices
(1)(a) The international application, together with the international search
report (including any indication referred to in Article 17(2)(b)) or the
declaration referred to in Article 17(2)(a), shall be communicated to each
designated Office, as provided in the Regulations, unless the designated Office
waives such requirement in its entirety or in part.
(b) The communication shall include the translation (as prescribed) of
the said report or declaration.
(2) If the claims have been amended by virtue of Article 19(1), the
communication shall either contain the full text of the claims both as filed and
as amended or shall contain the full text of the claims as filed and specify the
amendments, and shall include the statement, if any, referred to in Article 19(1).

18

Patent Cooperation Treaty

(3) At the request of the designated Office or the applicant, the International
Searching Authority shall send to the said Office or the applicant, respectively,
copies of the documents cited in the international search report, as provided in
the Regulations.
Article 21
International Publication
(1) The International Bureau shall publish international applications.
(2)(a) Subject to the exceptions provided for in subparagraph (b) and in
Article 64(3), the international publication of the international application shall
be effected promptly after the expiration of 18 months from the priority date of
that application.
(b) The applicant may ask the International Bureau to publish his
international application any time before the expiration of the time limit referred
to in subparagraph (a). The International Bureau shall proceed accordingly, as
provided in the Regulations.
(3) The international search report or the declaration referred to in
Article 17(2)(a) shall be published as prescribed in the Regulations.
(4) The language and form of the international publication and other details
are governed by the Regulations.
(5) There shall be no international publication if the international
application is withdrawn or is considered withdrawn before the technical
preparations for publication have been completed.
(6) If the international application contains expressions or drawings which,
in the opinion of the International Bureau, are contrary to morality or public
order, or if, in its opinion, the international application contains disparaging
statements as defined in the Regulations, it may omit such expressions,
drawings, and statements, from its publications, indicating the place and number
of words or drawings omitted, and furnishing, upon request, individual copies
of the passages omitted.
Article 22
Copy, Translation, and Fee, to Designated Offices
(1) The applicant shall furnish a copy of the international application
(unless the communication provided for in Article 20 has already taken place)
and a translation thereof (as prescribed), and pay the national fee (if any), to

19

Patent Cooperation Treaty
each designated Office not later than at the expiration of 301 months from the
priority date. Where the national law of the designated State requires the
indication of the name of and other prescribed data concerning the inventor but
allows that these indications be furnished at a time later than that of the filing of
a national application, the applicant shall, unless they were contained in the
request, furnish the said indications to the national Office of or acting for the
State not later than at the expiration of 301 months from the priority date.
(2) Where the International Searching Authority makes a declaration, under
Article 17(2)(a), that no international search report will be established, the time
limit for performing the acts referred to in paragraph (1) of this Article shall be
the same as that provided for in paragraph (1).
(3) Any national law may, for performing the acts referred to in
paragraphs (1) or (2), fix time limits which expire later than the time limit
provided for in those paragraphs.
Article 23
Delaying of National Procedure
(1) No designated Office shall process or examine the international
application prior to the expiration of the applicable time limit under Article 22.
(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1), any designated Office
may, on the express request of the applicant, process or examine the
international application at any time.
Article 24
Possible Loss of Effect in Designated States
(1) Subject, in case (ii) below, to the provisions of Article 25, the effect of
the international application provided for in Article 11(3) shall cease in any
designated State with the same consequences as the withdrawal of any national
application in that State:
(i) if the applicant withdraws his international application or the
designation of that State;
1

Editor’s Note: The 30-month time limit, as in force from April 1, 2002, does not apply in
respect of any designated Office which has notified the International Bureau of
incompatibility with the national law applied by that Office. The 20-month time limit, as in
force until March 31, 2002, continues to apply after that date in respect of any such designated
Office for as long as Article 22(1), as modified, continues not to be compatible with the
applicable national law. Information received by the International Bureau concerning any
such incompatibility is published in the Gazette and on the WIPO website at:
www.wipo.int/pct/en/texts/reservations/res_incomp.html.

20

Patent Cooperation Treaty
(ii) if the international application is considered withdrawn by virtue of
Articles 12(3), 14(1)(b), 14(3)(a), or 14(4), or if the designation of that State is
considered withdrawn by virtue of Article 14(3)(b);
(iii) if the applicant fails to perform the acts referred to in Article 22
within the applicable time limit.
(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1), any designated Office
may maintain the effect provided for in Article 11(3) even where such effect is
not required to be maintained by virtue of Article 25(2).
Article 25
Review by Designated Offices
(1)(a) Where the receiving Office has refused to accord an international
filing date or has declared that the international application is considered
withdrawn, or where the International Bureau has made a finding under
Article 12(3), the International Bureau shall promptly send, at the request of the
applicant, copies of any document in the file to any of the designated Offices
named by the applicant.
(b) Where the receiving Office has declared that the designation of any
given State is considered withdrawn, the International Bureau shall promptly
send, at the request of the applicant, copies of any document in the file to the
national Office of such State.
(c) The request under subparagraphs (a) or (b) shall be presented within
the prescribed time limit.
(2)(a) Subject to the provisions of subparagraph (b), each designated Office
shall, provided that the national fee (if any) has been paid and the appropriate
translation (as prescribed) has been furnished within the prescribed time limit,
decide whether the refusal, declaration, or finding, referred to in paragraph (1)
was justified under the provisions of this Treaty and the Regulations, and, if it
finds that the refusal or declaration was the result of an error or omission on the
part of the receiving Office or that the finding was the result of an error or
omission on the part of the International Bureau, it shall, as far as effects in the
State of the designated Office are concerned, treat the international application
as if such error or omission had not occurred.
(b) Where the record copy has reached the International Bureau after the
expiration of the time limit prescribed under Article 12(3) on account of any
error or omission on the part of the applicant, the provisions of subparagraph (a)
shall apply only under the circumstances referred to in Article 48(2).

21

Patent Cooperation Treaty

Article 26
Opportunity to Correct before Designated Offices
No designated Office shall reject an international application on the grounds
of non-compliance with the requirements of this Treaty and the Regulations
without first giving the applicant the opportunity to correct the said application
to the extent and according to the procedure provided by the national law for the
same or comparable situations in respect of national applications.
Article 27
National Requirements
(1) No national law shall require compliance with requirements relating to
the form or contents of the international application different from or additional
to those which are provided for in this Treaty and the Regulations.
(2) The provisions of paragraph (1) neither affect the application of the
provisions of Article 7(2) nor preclude any national law from requiring, once
the processing of the international application has started in the designated
Office, the furnishing:
(i) when the applicant is a legal entity, of the name of an officer entitled
to represent such legal entity,
(ii) of documents not part of the international application but which
constitute proof of allegations or statements made in that application, including
the confirmation of the international application by the signature of the
applicant when that application, as filed, was signed by his representative or
agent.
(3) Where the applicant, for the purposes of any designated State, is not
qualified according to the national law of that State to file a national application
because he is not the inventor, the international application may be rejected by
the designated Office.
(4) Where the national law provides, in respect of the form or contents of
national applications, for requirements which, from the viewpoint of applicants,
are more favorable than the requirements provided for by this Treaty and the
Regulations in respect of international applications, the national Office, the
courts and any other competent organs of or acting for the designated State may
apply the former requirements, instead of the latter requirements, to
international applications, except where the applicant insists that the
requirements provided for by this Treaty and the Regulations be applied to his
international application.

22

Patent Cooperation Treaty
(5) Nothing in this Treaty and the Regulations is intended to be construed
as prescribing anything that would limit the freedom of each Contracting State
to prescribe such substantive conditions of patentability as it desires. In
particular, any provision in this Treaty and the Regulations concerning the
definition of prior art is exclusively for the purposes of the international
procedure and, consequently, any Contracting State is free to apply, when
determining the patentability of an invention claimed in an international
application, the criteria of its national law in respect of prior art and other
conditions of patentability not constituting requirements as to the form and
contents of applications.
(6) The national law may require that the applicant furnish evidence in
respect of any substantive condition of patentability prescribed by such law.
(7) Any receiving Office or, once the processing of the international
application has started in the designated Office, that Office may apply the
national law as far as it relates to any requirement that the applicant be
represented by an agent having the right to represent applicants before the said
Office and/or that the applicant have an address in the designated State for the
purpose of receiving notifications.
(8) Nothing in this Treaty and the Regulations is intended to be construed
as limiting the freedom of any Contracting State to apply measures deemed
necessary for the preservation of its national security or to limit, for the
protection of the general economic interests of that State, the right of its own
residents or nationals to file international applications.

Article 28
Amendment of the Claims, the Description,
and the Drawings, before Designated Offices
(1) The applicant shall be given the opportunity to amend the claims, the
description, and the drawings, before each designated Office within the
prescribed time limit. No designated Office shall grant a patent, or refuse the
grant of a patent, before such time limit has expired except with the express
consent of the applicant.
(2) The amendments shall not go beyond the disclosure in the international
application as filed unless the national law of the designated State permits them
to go beyond the said disclosure.

23

Patent Cooperation Treaty
(3) The amendments shall be in accordance with the national law of the
designated State in all respects not provided for in this Treaty and the
Regulations.
(4) Where the designated Office requires a translation of the international
application, the amendments shall be in the language of the translation.
Article 29
Effects of the International Publication
(1) As far as the protection of any rights of the applicant in a designated
State is concerned, the effects, in that State, of the international publication of
an international application shall, subject to the provisions of paragraphs (2)
to (4), be the same as those which the national law of the designated State
provides for the compulsory national publication of unexamined national
applications as such.
(2) If the language in which the international publication has been effected
is different from the language in which publications under the national law are
effected in the designated State, the said national law may provide that the
effects provided for in paragraph (1) shall be applicable only from such time as:
(i) a translation into the latter language has been published as provided
by the national law, or
(ii) a translation into the latter language has been made available to the
public, by laying open for public inspection as provided by the national law, or
(iii) a translation into the latter language has been transmitted by the
applicant to the actual or prospective unauthorized user of the invention claimed
in the international application, or
(iv) both the acts described in (i) and (iii), or both the acts described
in (ii) and (iii), have taken place.
(3) The national law of any designated State may provide that, where the
international publication has been effected, on the request of the applicant,
before the expiration of 18 months from the priority date, the effects provided
for in paragraph (1) shall be applicable only from the expiration of 18 months
from the priority date.
(4) The national law of any designated State may provide that the effects
provided for in paragraph (1) shall be applicable only from the date on which a
copy of the international application as published under Article 21 has been
received in the national Office of or acting for such State. The said Office shall
publish the date of receipt in its gazette as soon as possible.

24

Patent Cooperation Treaty

Article 30
Confidential Nature of the International Application
(1)(a) Subject to the provisions of subparagraph (b), the International
Bureau and the International Searching Authorities shall not allow access by
any person or authority to the international application before the international
publication of that application, unless requested or authorized by the applicant.
(b) The provisions of subparagraph (a) shall not apply to any transmittal
to the competent International Searching Authority, to transmittals provided for
under Article 13, and to communications provided for under Article 20.
(2)(a) No national Office shall allow access to the international application
by third parties, unless requested or authorized by the applicant, before the
earliest of the following dates:
(i) date of the international publication of the international
application,
(ii) date of the receipt of the communication of the international
application under Article 20,
(iii) date of the receipt of a copy of the international application under
Article 22.
(b) The provisions of subparagraph (a) shall not prevent any national
Office from informing third parties that it has been designated, or from
publishing that fact. Such information or publication may, however, contain
only the following data: identification of the receiving Office, name of the
applicant, international filing date, international application number, and title of
the invention.
(c) The provisions of subparagraph (a) shall not prevent any designated
Office from allowing access to the international application for the purposes of
the judicial authorities.
(3) The provisions of paragraph (2)(a) shall apply to any receiving Office
except as far as transmittals provided for under Article 12(1) are concerned.
(4) For the purposes of this Article, the term “access” covers any means by
which third parties may acquire cognizance, including individual
communication and general publication, provided, however, that no national
Office shall generally publish an international application or its translation
before the international publication or, if international publication has not taken
place by the expiration of 20 months from the priority date, before the
expiration of 20 months from the said priority date.

25

Patent Cooperation Treaty
CHAPTER II
INTERNATIONAL PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
Article 31
Demand for International Preliminary Examination
(1) On the demand of the applicant, his international application shall be the
subject of an international preliminary examination as provided in the following
provisions and the Regulations.
(2)(a) Any applicant who is a resident or national, as defined in the
Regulations, of a Contracting State bound by Chapter II, and whose
international application has been filed with the receiving Office of or acting for
such State, may make a demand for international preliminary examination.
(b) The Assembly may decide to allow persons entitled to file
international applications to make a demand for international preliminary
examination even if they are residents or nationals of a State not party to this
Treaty or not bound by Chapter II.
(3) The demand for international preliminary examination shall be made
separately from the international application. The demand shall contain the
prescribed particulars and shall be in the prescribed language and form.
(4)(a) The demand shall indicate the Contracting State or States in which
the applicant intends to use the results of the international preliminary
examination (“elected States”). Additional Contracting States may be elected
later. Election may relate only to Contracting States already designated under
Article 4.
(b) Applicants referred to in paragraph (2)(a) may elect any Contracting
State bound by Chapter II. Applicants referred to in paragraph (2)(b) may elect
only such Contracting States bound by Chapter II as have declared that they are
prepared to be elected by such applicants.
(5) The demand shall be subject to the payment of the prescribed fees
within the prescribed time limit.
(6)(a) The demand shall be submitted to the competent International
Preliminary Examining Authority referred to in Article 32.
(b) Any later election shall be submitted to the International Bureau.
(7) Each elected Office shall be notified of its election.

26

Patent Cooperation Treaty

Article 32
The International Preliminary Examining Authority
(1) International preliminary examination shall be carried out by the
International Preliminary Examining Authority.
(2) In the case of demands referred to in Article 31(2)(a), the receiving
Office, and, in the case of demands referred to in Article 31(2)(b), the
Assembly, shall, in accordance with the applicable agreement between the
interested International Preliminary Examining Authority or Authorities and the
International Bureau, specify the International Preliminary Examining Authority
or Authorities competent for the preliminary examination.
(3) The provisions of Article 16(3) shall apply, mutatis mutandis, in respect
of International Preliminary Examining Authorities.
Article 33
The International Preliminary Examination
(1) The objective of the international preliminary examination is to
formulate a preliminary and non-binding opinion on the questions whether the
claimed invention appears to be novel, to involve an inventive step (to be
non-obvious), and to be industrially applicable.
(2) For the purposes of the international preliminary examination, a claimed
invention shall be considered novel if it is not anticipated by the prior art as
defined in the Regulations.
(3) For the purposes of the international preliminary examination, a claimed
invention shall be considered to involve an inventive step if, having regard to
the prior art as defined in the Regulations, it is not, at the prescribed relevant
date, obvious to a person skilled in the art.
(4) For the purposes of the international preliminary examination, a claimed
invention shall be considered industrially applicable if, according to its nature,
it can be made or used (in the technological sense) in any kind of industry.
“Industry” shall be understood in its broadest sense, as in the Paris Convention
for the Protection of Industrial Property.
(5) The criteria described above merely serve the purposes of international
preliminary examination. Any Contracting State may apply additional or
different criteria for the purpose of deciding whether, in that State, the claimed
invention is patentable or not.
(6) The international preliminary examination shall take into consideration
all the documents cited in the international search report. It may take into
27

Patent Cooperation Treaty
consideration any additional documents considered to be relevant in the
particular case.
Article 34
Procedure before the International Preliminary Examining Authority
(1) Procedure before the International Preliminary Examining Authority
shall be governed by the provisions of this Treaty, the Regulations, and the
agreement which the International Bureau shall conclude, subject to this Treaty
and the Regulations, with the said Authority.
(2)(a) The applicant shall have a right to communicate orally and in writing
with the International Preliminary Examining Authority.
(b) The applicant shall have a right to amend the claims, the description,
and the drawings, in the prescribed manner and within the prescribed time limit,
before the international preliminary examination report is established. The
amendment shall not go beyond the disclosure in the international application as
filed.
(c) The applicant shall receive at least one written opinion from the
International Preliminary Examining Authority unless such Authority considers
that all of the following conditions are fulfilled:
(i) the invention satisfies the criteria set forth in Article 33(1),
(ii) the international application complies with the requirements of
this Treaty and the Regulations in so far as checked by that Authority,
(iii) no observations are intended to be made under Article 35(2), last
sentence.
(d) The applicant may respond to the written opinion.
(3)(a) If the International Preliminary Examining Authority considers that
the international application does not comply with the requirement of unity of
invention as set forth in the Regulations, it may invite the applicant, at his
option, to restrict the claims so as to comply with the requirement or to pay
additional fees.
(b) The national law of any elected State may provide that, where the
applicant chooses to restrict the claims under subparagraph (a), those parts of
the international application which, as a consequence of the restriction, are not
to be the subject of international preliminary examination shall, as far as effects
in that State are concerned, be considered withdrawn unless a special fee is paid
by the applicant to the national Office of that State.

28

Patent Cooperation Treaty
(c) If the applicant does not comply with the invitation referred to in
subparagraph (a) within the prescribed time limit, the International Preliminary
Examining Authority shall establish an international preliminary examination
report on those parts of the international application which relate to what
appears to be the main invention and shall indicate the relevant facts in the said
report. The national law of any elected State may provide that, where its
national Office finds the invitation of the International Preliminary Examining
Authority justified, those parts of the international application which do not
relate to the main invention shall, as far as effects in that State are concerned, be
considered withdrawn unless a special fee is paid by the applicant to that Office.
(4)(a) If the International Preliminary Examining Authority considers
(i) that the international application relates to a subject matter on
which the International Preliminary Examining Authority is not
required, under the Regulations, to carry out an international
preliminary examination, and in the particular case decides not to
carry out such examination, or
(ii) that the description, the claims, or the drawings, are so unclear, or
the claims are so inadequately supported by the description, that
no meaningful opinion can be formed on the novelty, inventive
step (non-obviousness), or industrial applicability, of the claimed
invention,
the said Authority shall not go into the questions referred to in Article 33(1) and
shall inform the applicant of this opinion and the reasons therefor.
(b) If any of the situations referred to in subparagraph (a) is found to
exist in, or in connection with, certain claims only, the provisions of that
subparagraph shall apply only to the said claims.
Article 35
The International Preliminary Examination Report
(1) The international preliminary examination report shall be established
within the prescribed time limit and in the prescribed form.
(2) The international preliminary examination report shall not contain any
statement on the question whether the claimed invention is or seems to be
patentable or unpatentable according to any national law. It shall state, subject
to the provisions of paragraph (3), in relation to each claim, whether the claim
appears to satisfy the criteria of novelty, inventive step (non-obviousness), and
industrial applicability, as defined for the purposes of the international
preliminary examination in Article 33(1) to (4). The statement shall be
accompanied by the citation of the documents believed to support the stated
29

Patent Cooperation Treaty
conclusion with such explanations as the circumstances of the case may require.
The statement shall also be accompanied by such other observations as the
Regulations provide for.
(3)(a) If, at the time of establishing the international preliminary
examination report, the International Preliminary Examining Authority
considers that any of the situations referred to in Article 34(4)(a) exists, that
report shall state this opinion and the reasons therefor. It shall not contain any
statement as provided in paragraph (2).
(b) If a situation under Article 34(4)(b) is found to exist, the international
preliminary examination report shall, in relation to the claims in question,
contain the statement as provided in subparagraph (a), whereas, in relation to
the other claims, it shall contain the statement as provided in paragraph (2).
Article 36
Transmittal, Translation, and Communication,
of the International Preliminary Examination Report
(1) The international preliminary examination report, together with the
prescribed annexes, shall be transmitted to the applicant and to the International
Bureau.
(2)(a) The international preliminary examination report and its annexes
shall be translated into the prescribed languages.
(b) Any translation of the said report shall be prepared by or under the
responsibility of the International Bureau, whereas any translation of the said
annexes shall be prepared by the applicant.
(3)(a) The international preliminary examination report, together with its
translation (as prescribed) and its annexes (in the original language), shall be
communicated by the International Bureau to each elected Office.
(b) The prescribed translation of the annexes shall be transmitted within
the prescribed time limit by the applicant to the elected Offices.
(4) The provisions of Article 20(3) shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to copies
of any document which is cited in the international preliminary examination
report and which was not cited in the international search report.
Article 37
Withdrawal of Demand or Election
(1) The applicant may withdraw any or all elections.

30

Patent Cooperation Treaty
(2) If the election of all elected States is withdrawn, the demand shall be
considered withdrawn.
(3)(a) Any withdrawal shall be notified to the International Bureau.
(b) The elected Offices concerned and the International Preliminary
Examining Authority concerned shall be notified accordingly by the
International Bureau.
(4)(a) Subject to the provisions of subparagraph (b), withdrawal of the
demand or of the election of a Contracting State shall, unless the national law of
that State provides otherwise, be considered to be withdrawal of the
international application as far as that State is concerned.
(b) Withdrawal of the demand or of the election shall not be considered
to be withdrawal of the international application if such withdrawal is effected
prior to the expiration of the applicable time limit under Article 22; however,
any Contracting State may provide in its national law that the aforesaid shall
apply only if its national Office has received, within the said time limit, a copy
of the international application, together with a translation (as prescribed), and
the national fee.
Article 38
Confidential Nature of the International Preliminary Examination
(1) Neither the International Bureau nor the International Preliminary
Examining Authority shall, unless requested or authorized by the applicant,
allow access within the meaning, and with the proviso, of Article 30(4) to the
file of the international preliminary examination by any person or authority at
any time, except by the elected Offices once the international preliminary
examination report has been established.
(2) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (1) and Articles 36(1) and (3)
and 37(3)(b), neither the International Bureau nor the International Preliminary
Examining Authority shall, unless requested or authorized by the applicant, give
information on the issuance or nonissuance of an international preliminary
examination report and on the withdrawal or nonwithdrawal of the demand or of
any election.
Article 39
Copy, Translation, and Fee, to Elected Offices
(1)(a) If the election of any Contracting State has been effected prior to the
expiration of the 19th month from the priority date, the provisions of Article 22
shall not apply to such State and the applicant shall furnish a copy of the
31

Patent Cooperation Treaty
international application (unless the communication under Article 20 has
already taken place) and a translation thereof (as prescribed), and pay the
national fee (if any), to each elected Office not later than at the expiration of
30 months from the priority date.
(b) Any national law may, for performing the acts referred to in
subparagraph (a), fix time limits which expire later than the time limit provided
for in that subparagraph.
(2) The effect provided for in Article 11(3) shall cease in the elected State
with the same consequences as the withdrawal of any national application in
that State if the applicant fails to perform the acts referred to in paragraph (1)(a)
within the time limit applicable under paragraph (1)(a) or (b).
(3) Any elected Office may maintain the effect provided for in Article 11(3)
even where the applicant does not comply with the requirements provided for in
paragraph (1)(a) or (b).
Article 40
Delaying of National Examination and Other Processing
(1) If the election of any Contracting State has been effected prior to the
expiration of the 19th month from the priority date, the provisions of Article 23
shall not apply to such State and the national Office of or acting for that State
shall not proceed, subject to the provisions of paragraph (2), to the examination
and other processing of the international application prior to the expiration of
the applicable time limit under Article 39.
(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1), any elected Office
may, on the express request of the applicant, proceed to the examination and
other processing of the international application at any time.
Article 41
Amendment of the Claims, the Description,
and the Drawings, before Elected Offices
(1) The applicant shall be given the opportunity to amend the claims, the
description, and the drawings, before each elected Office within the prescribed
time limit. No elected Office shall grant a patent, or refuse the grant of a patent,
before such time limit has expired, except with the express consent of the
applicant.
(2) The amendments shall not go beyond the disclosure in the international
application as filed, unless the national law of the elected State permits them to
go beyond the said disclosure.
32

Patent Cooperation Treaty
(3) The amendments shall be in accordance with the national law of the
elected State in all respects not provided for in this Treaty and the Regulations.
(4) Where an elected Office requires a translation of the international
application, the amendments shall be in the language of the translation.
Article 42
Results of National Examination in Elected Offices
No elected Office receiving the international preliminary examination report
may require that the applicant furnish copies, or information on the contents, of
any papers connected with the examination relating to the same international
application in any other elected Office.
CHAPTER III
COMMON PROVISIONS
Article 43
Seeking Certain Kinds of Protection
In respect of any designated or elected State whose law provides for the
grant of inventors’ certificates, utility certificates, utility models, patents or
certificates of addition, inventors’ certificates of addition, or utility certificates
of addition, the applicant may indicate, as prescribed in the Regulations, that his
international application is for the grant, as far as that State is concerned, of an
inventor’s certificate, a utility certificate, or a utility model, rather than a patent,
or that it is for the grant of a patent or certificate of addition, an inventor’s
certificate of addition, or a utility certificate of addition, and the ensuing effect
shall be governed by the applicant’s choice. For the purposes of this Article
and any Rule thereunder, Article 2(ii) shall not apply.
Article 44
Seeking Two Kinds of Protection
In respect of any designated or elected State whose law permits an
application, while being for the grant of a patent or one of the other kinds of
protection referred to in Article 43, to be also for the grant of another of the said
kinds of protection, the applicant may indicate, as prescribed in the Regulations,
the two kinds of protection he is seeking, and the ensuing effect shall be
governed by the applicant’s indications. For the purposes of this Article,
Article 2(ii) shall not apply.

33

Patent Cooperation Treaty

Article 45
Regional Patent Treaties
(1) Any treaty providing for the grant of regional patents (“regional patent
treaty”), and giving to all persons who, according to Article 9, are entitled to
file international applications the right to file applications for such patents, may
provide that international applications designating or electing a State party to
both the regional patent treaty and the present Treaty may be filed as
applications for such patents.
(2) The national law of the said designated or elected State may provide that
any designation or election of such State in the international application shall
have the effect of an indication of the wish to obtain a regional patent under the
regional patent treaty.
Article 46
Incorrect Translation of the International Application
If, because of an incorrect translation of the international application, the
scope of any patent granted on that application exceeds the scope of the
international application in its original language, the competent authorities of
the Contracting State concerned may accordingly and retroactively limit the
scope of the patent, and declare it null and void to the extent that its scope has
exceeded the scope of the international application in its original language.
Article 47
Time Limits
(1) The details for computing time limits referred to in this Treaty are
governed by the Regulations.
(2)(a) All time limits fixed in Chapters I and II of this Treaty may, outside
any revision under Article 60, be modified by a decision of the Contracting
States.
(b) Such decisions shall be made in the Assembly or through voting by
correspondence and must be unanimous.
(c) The details of the procedure are governed by the Regulations.
Article 48
Delay in Meeting Certain Time Limits
(1) Where any time limit fixed in this Treaty or the Regulations is not met
because of interruption in the mail service or unavoidable loss or delay in the

34

Patent Cooperation Treaty
mail, the time limit shall be deemed to be met in the cases and subject to the
proof and other conditions prescribed in the Regulations.
(2)(a) Any Contracting State shall, as far as that State is concerned, excuse,
for reasons admitted under its national law, any delay in meeting any time limit.
(b) Any Contracting State may, as far as that State is concerned, excuse,
for reasons other than those referred to in subparagraph (a), any delay in
meeting any time limit.
Article 49
Right to Practice before International Authorities
Any attorney, patent agent, or other person, having the right to practice
before the national Office with which the international application was filed,
shall be entitled to practice before the International Bureau and the competent
International Searching Authority and competent International Preliminary
Examining Authority in respect of that application.
CHAPTER IV
TECHNICAL SERVICES
Article 50
Patent Information Services
(1) The International Bureau may furnish services by providing technical
and any other pertinent information available to it on the basis of published
documents, primarily patents and published applications (referred to in this
Article as “the information services”).
(2) The International Bureau may provide these information services either
directly or through one or more International Searching Authorities or other
national or international specialized institutions, with which the International
Bureau may reach agreement.
(3) The information services shall be operated in a way particularly
facilitating the acquisition by Contracting States which are developing countries
of technical knowledge and technology, including available published
know-how.
(4) The information services shall be available to Governments of
Contracting States and their nationals and residents. The Assembly may decide
to make these services available also to others.
(5)(a) Any service to Governments of Contracting States shall be furnished
at cost, provided that, when the Government is that of a Contracting State which
35

Patent Cooperation Treaty
is a developing country, the service shall be furnished below cost if the
difference can be covered from profit made on services furnished to others than
Governments of Contracting States or from the sources referred to in
Article 51(4).
(b) The cost referred to in subparagraph (a) is to be understood as cost
over and above costs normally incident to the performance of the services of a
national Office or the obligations of an International Searching Authority.
(6) The details concerning the implementation of the provisions of this
Article shall be governed by decisions of the Assembly and, within the limits to
be fixed by the Assembly, such working groups as the Assembly may set up for
that purpose.
(7) The Assembly shall, when it considers it necessary, recommend
methods of providing financing supplementary to those referred to in
paragraph (5).
Article 51
Technical Assistance
(1) The Assembly shall establish a Committee for Technical Assistance
(referred to in this Article as “the Committee”).
(2)(a) The members of the Committee shall be elected among the
Contracting States, with due regard to the representation of developing
countries.
(b) The Director General shall, on his own initiative or at the request of
the Committee, invite representatives of intergovernmental organizations
concerned with technical assistance to developing countries to participate in the
work of the Committee.
(3)(a) The task of the Committee shall be to organize and supervise
technical assistance for Contracting States which are developing countries in
developing their patent systems individually or on a regional basis.
(b) The technical assistance shall comprise, among other things, the
training of specialists, the loaning of experts, and the supply of equipment both
for demonstration and for operational purposes.
(4) The International Bureau shall seek to enter into agreements, on the one
hand, with international financing organizations and intergovernmental
organizations, particularly the United Nations, the agencies of the United
Nations, and the Specialized Agencies connected with the United Nations
concerned with technical assistance, and, on the other hand, with the
36

Patent Cooperation Treaty
Governments of the States receiving the technical assistance, for the financing
of projects pursuant to this Article.
(5) The details concerning the implementation of the provisions of this
Article shall be governed by decisions of the Assembly and, within the limits to
be fixed by the Assembly, such working groups as the Assembly may set up for
that purpose.
Article 52
Relations with Other Provisions of the Treaty
Nothing in this Chapter shall affect the financial provisions contained in any
other Chapter of this Treaty. Such provisions are not applicable to the present
Chapter or to its implementation.
CHAPTER V
ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS
Article 53
Assembly
(1)(a) The Assembly shall, subject to Article 57(8), consist of the
Contracting States.
(b) The Government of each Contracting State shall be represented by
one delegate, who may be assisted by alternate delegates, advisors, and experts.
(2)(a) The Assembly shall:
(i) deal with all matters concerning the maintenance and
development of the Union and the implementation of this Treaty;
(ii) perform such tasks as are specifically assigned to it under other
provisions of this Treaty;
(iii) give directions to the International Bureau concerning the
preparation for revision conferences;
(iv) review and approve the reports and activities of the Director
General concerning the Union, and give him all necessary instructions
concerning matters within the competence of the Union;
(v) review and approve the reports and activities of the Executive
Committee established under paragraph (9), and give instructions to such
Committee;

37

Patent Cooperation Treaty
(vi) determine the program and adopt the triennial2 budget of the
Union, and approve its final accounts;
(vii) adopt the financial regulations of the Union;
(viii) establish such committees and working groups as it deems
appropriate to achieve the objectives of the Union;
(ix) determine which States other than Contracting States and, subject
to the provisions of paragraph (8), which intergovernmental and international
non-governmental organizations shall be admitted to its meetings as observers;
(x) take any other appropriate action designed to further the
objectives of the Union and perform such other functions as are appropriate
under this Treaty.
(b) With respect to matters which are of interest also to other Unions
administered by the Organization, the Assembly shall make its decisions after
having heard the advice of the Coordination Committee of the Organization.
(3) A delegate may represent, and vote in the name of, one State only.
(4) Each Contracting State shall have one vote.
(5)(a) One-half of the Contracting States shall constitute a quorum.
(b) In the absence of the quorum, the Assembly may make decisions but,
with the exception of decisions concerning its own procedure, all such decisions
shall take effect only if the quorum and the required majority are attained
through voting by correspondence as provided in the Regulations.
(6)(a) Subject to the provisions of Articles 47(2)(b), 58(2)(b), 58(3)
and 61(2)(b), the decisions of the Assembly shall require two-thirds of the votes
cast.
(b) Abstentions shall not be considered as votes.
(7) In connection with matters of exclusive interest to States bound by
Chapter II, any reference to Contracting States in paragraphs (4), (5), and (6),
shall be considered as applying only to States bound by Chapter II.
(8) Any intergovernmental organization appointed as International
Searching or Preliminary Examining Authority shall be admitted as observer to
the Assembly.
(9) When the number of Contracting States exceeds forty, the Assembly
shall establish an Executive Committee. Any reference to the Executive

2

Editor’s Note: Since 1980, the program and budget of the Union have been biennial.

38

Patent Cooperation Treaty
Committee in this Treaty and the Regulations shall be construed as references to
such Committee once it has been established.
(10) Until the Executive Committee has been established, the Assembly
shall approve, within the limits of the program and triennial3 budget, the annual
programs and budgets prepared by the Director General.
(11)(a) The Assembly shall meet in every second calendar year in ordinary
session upon convocation by the Director General and, in the absence of
exceptional circumstances, during the same period and at the same place as the
General Assembly of the Organization.
(b) The Assembly shall meet in extraordinary session upon convocation
by the Director General, at the request of the Executive Committee, or at the
request of one-fourth of the Contracting States.
(12) The Assembly shall adopt its own rules of procedure.
Article 54
Executive Committee
(1) When the Assembly has established an Executive Committee, that
Committee shall be subject to the provisions set forth hereinafter.
(2)(a) The Executive Committee shall, subject to Article 57(8), consist of
States elected by the Assembly from among States members of the Assembly.
(b) The Government of each State member of the Executive Committee
shall be represented by one delegate, who may be assisted by alternate
delegates, advisors, and experts.
(3) The number of States members of the Executive Committee shall
correspond to one-fourth of the number of States members of the Assembly. In
establishing the number of seats to be filled, remainders after division by four
shall be disregarded.
(4) In electing the members of the Executive Committee, the Assembly
shall have due regard to an equitable geographical distribution.
(5)(a) Each member of the Executive Committee shall serve from the close
of the session of the Assembly which elected it to the close of the next ordinary
session of the Assembly.
(b) Members of the Executive Committee may be re-elected but only up
to a maximum of two-thirds of such members.
3

Editor’s Note: Since 1980, the program and budget of the Union have been biennial.

39

Patent Cooperation Treaty
(c) The Assembly shall establish the details of the rules governing the
election and possible re-election of the members of the Executive Committee.
(6)(a) The Executive Committee shall:
(i) prepare the draft agenda of the Assembly;
(ii) submit proposals to the Assembly in respect of the draft program
and biennial budget of the Union prepared by the Director General;
(iii) [deleted]
(iv) submit, with appropriate comments, to the Assembly the
periodical reports of the Director General and the yearly audit reports on the
accounts;
(v) take all necessary measures to ensure the execution of the
program of the Union by the Director General, in accordance with the decisions
of the Assembly and having regard to circumstances arising between two
ordinary sessions of the Assembly;
(vi) perform such other functions as are allocated to it under this
Treaty.
(b) With respect to matters which are of interest also to other Unions
administered by the Organization, the Executive Committee shall make its
decisions after having heard the advice of the Coordination Committee of the
Organization.
(7)(a) The Executive Committee shall meet once a year in ordinary session
upon convocation by the Director General, preferably during the same period
and at the same place as the Coordination Committee of the Organization.
(b) The Executive Committee shall meet in extraordinary session upon
convocation by the Director General, either on his own initiative or at the
request of its Chairman or one-fourth of its members.
(8)(a) Each State member of the Executive Committee shall have one vote.
(b) One-half of the members of the Executive Committee shall constitute
a quorum.
(c) Decisions shall be made by a simple majority of the votes cast.
(d) Abstentions shall not be considered as votes.
(e) A delegate may represent, and vote in the name of, one State only.
(9) Contracting States not members of the Executive Committee shall be
admitted to its meetings as observers, as well as any intergovernmental
organization appointed as International Searching or Preliminary Examining
Authority.
40

Patent Cooperation Treaty
(10) The Executive Committee shall adopt its own rules of procedure.
Article 55
International Bureau
(1) Administrative tasks concerning the Union shall be performed by the
International Bureau.
(2) The International Bureau shall provide the secretariat of the various
organs of the Union.
(3) The Director General shall be the chief executive of the Union and shall
represent the Union.
(4) The International Bureau shall publish a Gazette and other publications
provided for by the Regulations or required by the Assembly.
(5) The Regulations shall specify the services that national Offices shall
perform in order to assist the International Bureau and the International
Searching and Preliminary Examining Authorities in carrying out their tasks
under this Treaty.
(6) The Director General and any staff member designated by him shall
participate, without the right to vote, in all meetings of the Assembly, the
Executive Committee and any other committee or working group established
under this Treaty or the Regulations. The Director General, or a staff member
designated by him, shall be ex officio secretary of these bodies.
(7)(a) The International Bureau shall, in accordance with the directions of
the Assembly and in cooperation with the Executive Committee, make the
preparations for the revision conferences.
(b) The International Bureau may consult with intergovernmental and
international non-governmental organizations concerning preparations for
revision conferences.
(c) The Director General and persons designated by him shall take part,
without the right to vote, in the discussions at revision conferences.
(8) The International Bureau shall carry out any other tasks assigned to it.
Article 56
Committee for Technical Cooperation
(1) The Assembly shall establish a Committee for Technical Cooperation
(referred to in this Article as “the Committee”).

41

Patent Cooperation Treaty
(2)(a) The Assembly shall determine the composition of the Committee and
appoint its members, with due regard to an equitable representation of
developing countries.
(b) The International Searching and Preliminary Examining Authorities
shall be ex officio members of the Committee. In the case where such an
Authority is the national Office of a Contracting State, that State shall not be
additionally represented on the Committee.
(c) If the number of Contracting States so allows, the total number of
members of the Committee shall be more than double the number of ex officio
members.
(d) The Director General shall, on his own initiative or at the request of
the Committee, invite representatives of interested organizations to participate
in discussions of interest to them.
(3) The aim of the Committee shall be to contribute, by advice and
recommendations:
(i) to the constant improvement of the services provided for under this
Treaty,
(ii) to the securing, so long as there are several International Searching
Authorities and several International Preliminary Examining Authorities, of the
maximum degree of uniformity in their documentation and working methods
and the maximum degree of uniformly high quality in their reports, and
(iii) on the initiative of the Assembly or the Executive Committee, to the
solution of the technical problems specifically involved in the establishment of
a single International Searching Authority.
(4) Any Contracting State and any interested international organization may
approach the Committee in writing on questions which fall within the
competence of the Committee.
(5) The Committee may address its advice and recommendations to the
Director General or, through him, to the Assembly, the Executive Committee,
all or some of the International Searching and Preliminary Examining
Authorities, and all or some of the receiving Offices.
(6)(a) In any case, the Director General shall transmit to the Executive
Committee the texts of all the advice and recommendations of the Committee.
He may comment on such texts.
(b) The Executive Committee may express its views on any advice,
recommendation, or other activity of the Committee, and may invite the
Committee to study and report on questions falling within its competence. The
42

Patent Cooperation Treaty
Executive Committee may submit to the Assembly, with appropriate comments,
the advice, recommendations and report of the Committee.
(7) Until the Executive Committee has been established, references in
paragraph (6) to the Executive Committee shall be construed as references to
the Assembly.
(8) The details of the procedure of the Committee shall be governed by the
decisions of the Assembly.
Article 57
Finances
(1)(a) The Union shall have a budget.
(b) The budget of the Union shall include the income and expenses
proper to the Union and its contribution to the budget of expenses common to
the Unions administered by the Organization.
(c) Expenses not attributable exclusively to the Union but also to one or
more other Unions administered by the Organization shall be considered as
expenses common to the Unions. The share of the Union in such common
expenses shall be in proportion to the interest the Union has in them.
(2) The budget of the Union shall be established with due regard to the
requirements of coordination with the budgets of the other Unions administered
by the Organization.
(3) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (5), the budget of the Union shall
be financed from the following sources:
(i) fees and charges due for services rendered by the International
Bureau in relation to the Union;
(ii) sale of, or royalties on, the publications of the International Bureau
concerning the Union;
(iii) gifts, bequests, and subventions;
(iv) rents, interests, and other miscellaneous income.
(4) The amounts of fees and charges due to the International Bureau and the
prices of its publications shall be so fixed that they should, under normal
circumstances, be sufficient to cover all the expenses of the International
Bureau connected with the administration of this Treaty.
(5)(a) Should any financial year close with a deficit, the Contracting States
shall, subject to the provisions of subparagraphs (b) and (c), pay contributions
to cover such deficit.

43

Patent Cooperation Treaty
(b) The amount of the contribution of each Contracting State shall be
decided by the Assembly with due regard to the number of international
applications which has emanated from each of them in the relevant year.
(c) If other means of provisionally covering any deficit or any part
thereof are secured, the Assembly may decide that such deficit be carried
forward and that the Contracting States should not be asked to pay
contributions.
(d) If the financial situation of the Union so permits, the Assembly may
decide that any contributions paid under subparagraph (a) be reimbursed to the
Contracting States which have paid them.
(e) A Contracting State which has not paid, within two years of the due
date as established by the Assembly, its contribution under subparagraph (b)
may not exercise its right to vote in any of the organs of the Union. However,
any organ of the Union may allow such a State to continue to exercise its right
to vote in that organ so long as it is satisfied that the delay in payment is due to
exceptional and unavoidable circumstances.
(6) If the budget is not adopted before the beginning of a new financial
period, it shall be at the same level as the budget of the previous year, as
provided in the financial regulations.
(7)(a) The Union shall have a working capital fund which shall be
constituted by a single payment made by each Contracting State. If the fund
becomes insufficient, the Assembly shall arrange to increase it. If part of the
fund is no longer needed, it shall be reimbursed.
(b) The amount of the initial payment of each Contracting State to the
said fund or of its participation in the increase thereof shall be decided by the
Assembly on the basis of principles similar to those provided for under
paragraph (5)(b).
(c) The terms of payment shall be fixed by the Assembly on the proposal
of the Director General and after it has heard the advice of the Coordination
Committee of the Organization.
(d) Any reimbursement shall be proportionate to the amounts paid by
each Contracting State, taking into account the dates at which they were paid.
(8)(a) In the headquarters agreement concluded with the State on the
territory of which the Organization has its headquarters, it shall be provided
that, whenever the working capital fund is insufficient, such State shall grant
advances. The amount of these advances and the conditions on which they are
granted shall be the subject of separate agreements, in each case, between such
44

Patent Cooperation Treaty
State and the Organization. As long as it remains under the obligation to grant
advances, such State shall have an ex officio seat in the Assembly and on the
Executive Committee.
(b) The State referred to in subparagraph (a) and the Organization shall
each have the right to denounce the obligation to grant advances, by written
notification. Denunciation shall take effect three years after the end of the year
in which it has been notified.
(9) The auditing of the accounts shall be effected by one or more of the
Contracting States or by external auditors, as provided in the financial
regulations. They shall be designated, with their agreement, by the Assembly.
Article 58
Regulations
(1) The Regulations annexed to this Treaty provide Rules:
(i) concerning matters in respect of which this Treaty expressly refers to
the Regulations or expressly provides that they are or shall be prescribed,
(ii) concerning any administrative requirements, matters, or procedures,
(iii) concerning any details useful in the implementation of the
provisions of this Treaty.
(2)(a) The Assembly may amend the Regulations.
(b) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (3), amendments shall require
three-fourths of the votes cast.
(3)(a) The Regulations specify the Rules which may be amended
(i) only by unanimous consent, or
(ii) only if none of the Contracting States whose national Office acts
as an International Searching or Preliminary Examining Authority dissents, and,
where such Authority is an intergovernmental organization, if the Contracting
State member of that organization authorized for that purpose by the other
member States within the competent body of such organization does not dissent.
(b) Exclusion, for the future, of any such Rules from the applicable
requirement shall require the fulfillment of the conditions referred to in
subparagraph (a)(i) or (a)(ii), respectively.
(c) Inclusion, for the future, of any Rule in one or the other of the
requirements referred to in subparagraph (a) shall require unanimous consent.
(4) The Regulations provide for the establishment, under the control of the
Assembly, of Administrative Instructions by the Director General.
45

Patent Cooperation Treaty
(5) In the case of conflict between the provisions of the Treaty and those of
the Regulations, the provisions of the Treaty shall prevail.
CHAPTER VI
DISPUTES
Article 59
Disputes
Subject to Article 64(5), any dispute between two or more Contracting
States concerning the interpretation or application of this Treaty or the
Regulations, not settled by negotiation, may, by any one of the States
concerned, be brought before the International Court of Justice by application in
conformity with the Statute of the Court, unless the States concerned agree on
some other method of settlement. The Contracting State bringing the dispute
before the Court shall inform the International Bureau; the International Bureau
shall bring the matter to the attention of the other Contracting States.
CHAPTER VII
REVISION AND AMENDMENT
Article 60
Revision of the Treaty
(1) This Treaty may be revised from time to time by a special conference of
the Contracting States.
(2) The convocation of any revision conference shall be decided by the
Assembly.
(3) Any intergovernmental organization appointed as International
Searching or Preliminary Examining Authority shall be admitted as observer to
any revision conference.
(4) Articles 53(5), (9) and (11), 54, 55(4) to (8), 56, and 57, may be
amended either by a revision conference or according to the provisions of
Article 61.
Article 61
Amendment of Certain Provisions of the Treaty
(1)(a) Proposals for the amendment of Articles 53(5), (9) and (11), 54, 55(4)
to (8), 56, and 57, may be initiated by any State member of the Assembly, by the
Executive Committee, or by the Director General.
46

Patent Cooperation Treaty
(b) Such proposals shall be communicated by the Director General to the
Contracting States at least six months in advance of their consideration by the
Assembly.
(2)(a) Amendments to the Articles referred to in paragraph (1) shall be
adopted by the Assembly.
(b) Adoption shall require three-fourths of the votes cast.
(3)(a) Any amendment to the Articles referred to in paragraph (1) shall
enter into force one month after written notifications of acceptance, effected in
accordance with their respective constitutional processes, have been received by
the Director General from three-fourths of the States members of the Assembly
at the time it adopted the amendment.
(b) Any amendment to the said Articles thus accepted shall bind all the
States which are members of the Assembly at the time the amendment enters
into force, provided that any amendment increasing the financial obligations of
the Contracting States shall bind only those States which have notified their
acceptance of such amendment.
(c) Any amendment accepted in accordance with the provisions of
subparagraph (a) shall bind all States which become members of the Assembly
after the date on which the amendment entered into force in accordance with the
provisions of subparagraph (a).
CHAPTER VIII
FINAL PROVISIONS
Article 62
Becoming Party to the Treaty
(1) Any State member of the International Union for the Protection of
Industrial Property may become party to this Treaty by:
(i) signature followed by the deposit of an instrument of ratification, or
(ii) deposit of an instrument of accession.
(2) Instruments of ratification or accession shall be deposited with the
Director General.
(3) The provisions of Article 24 of the Stockholm Act of the Paris
Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property shall apply to this Treaty.
(4) Paragraph (3) shall in no way be understood as implying the recognition
or tacit acceptance by a Contracting State of the factual situation concerning a

47

Patent Cooperation Treaty
territory to which this Treaty is made applicable by another Contracting State by
virtue of the said paragraph.
Article 63
Entry into Force of the Treaty
(1)(a) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (3), this Treaty shall enter into
force three months after eight States have deposited their instruments of
ratification or accession, provided that at least four of those States each fulfill
any of the following conditions:
(i) the number of applications filed in the State has exceeded 40,000
according to the most recent annual statistics published by the International
Bureau,
(ii) the nationals or residents of the State have filed at least 1,000
applications in one foreign country according to the most recent annual
statistics published by the International Bureau,
(iii) the national Office of the State has received at least 10,000
applications from nationals or residents of foreign countries according to the
most recent annual statistics published by the International Bureau.
(b) For the purposes of this paragraph, the term “applications” does not
include applications for utility models.
(2) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (3), any State which does not
become party to this Treaty upon entry into force under paragraph (1) shall
become bound by this Treaty three months after the date on which such State
has deposited its instrument of ratification or accession.
(3) The provisions of Chapter II and the corresponding provisions of the
Regulations annexed to this Treaty shall become applicable, however, only on
the date on which three States each of which fulfill at least one of the three
requirements specified in paragraph (1) have become party to this Treaty
without declaring, as provided in Article 64(1), that they do not intend to be
bound by the provisions of Chapter II. That date shall not, however, be prior to
that of the initial entry into force under paragraph (1).

48

Patent Cooperation Treaty

Article 64
Reservations4
(1)(a) Any State may declare that it shall not be bound by the provisions of
Chapter II.
(b) States making a declaration under subparagraph (a) shall not be
bound by the provisions of Chapter II and the corresponding provisions of the
Regulations.
(2)(a) Any State not having made a declaration under paragraph (1)(a) may
declare that:
(i) it shall not be bound by the provisions of Article 39(1) with
respect to the furnishing of a copy of the international application and a
translation thereof (as prescribed),
(ii) the obligation to delay national processing, as provided for under
Article 40, shall not prevent publication, by or through its national Office, of the
international application or a translation thereof, it being understood, however,
that it is not exempted from the limitations provided for in Articles 30 and 38.
(b) States making such a declaration shall be bound accordingly.
(3)(a) Any State may declare that, as far as it is concerned, international
publication of international applications is not required.
(b) Where, at the expiration of 18 months from the priority date, the
international application contains the designation only of such States as have
made declarations under subparagraph (a), the international application shall
not be published by virtue of Article 21(2).
(c) Where the provisions of subparagraph (b) apply, the international
application shall nevertheless be published by the International Bureau:
(i) at the request of the applicant, as provided in the Regulations,
(ii) when a national application or a patent based on the international
application is published by or on behalf of the national Office of any designated
State having made a declaration under subparagraph (a), promptly after such
publication but not before the expiration of 18 months from the priority date.
(4)(a) Any State whose national law provides for prior art effect of its
patents as from a date before publication, but does not equate for prior art
purposes the priority date claimed under the Paris Convention for the Protection
4

Editor’s Note:
Information received by the International Bureau concerning
reservations made under Article 64(1) to (5) is published in the Gazette and on the WIPO
website at: www.wipo.int/pct/en/texts/reservations/res_incomp.html.

49

Patent Cooperation Treaty
of Industrial Property to the actual filing date in that State, may declare that the
filing outside that State of an international application designating that State is
not equated to an actual filing in that State for prior art purposes.
(b) Any State making a declaration under subparagraph (a) shall to that
extent not be bound by the provisions of Article 11(3).
(c) Any State making a declaration under subparagraph (a) shall, at the
same time, state in writing the date from which, and the conditions under which,
the prior art effect of any international application designating that State
becomes effective in that State. This statement may be modified at any time by
notification addressed to the Director General.
(5) Each State may declare that it does not consider itself bound by
Article 59. With regard to any dispute between any Contracting State having
made such a declaration and any other Contracting State, the provisions of
Article 59 shall not apply.
(6)(a) Any declaration made under this Article shall be made in writing. It
may be made at the time of signing this Treaty, at the time of depositing the
instrument of ratification or accession, or, except in the case referred to in
paragraph (5), at any later time by notification addressed to the Director
General. In the case of the said notification, the declaration shall take effect six
months after the day on which the Director General has received the
notification, and shall not affect international applications filed prior to the
expiration of the said six-month period.
(b) Any declaration made under this Article may be withdrawn at any
time by notification addressed to the Director General. Such withdrawal shall
take effect three months after the day on which the Director General has
received the notification and, in the case of the withdrawal of a declaration
made under paragraph (3), shall not affect international applications filed prior
to the expiration of the said three-month period.
(7) No reservations to this Treaty other than the reservations under
paragraphs (1) to (5) are permitted.
Article 65
Gradual Application
(1) If the agreement with any International Searching or Preliminary
Examining Authority provides, transitionally, for limits on the number or kind
of international applications that such Authority undertakes to process, the
Assembly shall adopt the measures necessary for the gradual application of this
Treaty and the Regulations in respect of given categories of international
50

Patent Cooperation Treaty
applications. This provision shall also apply to requests for an internationaltype search under Article 15(5).
(2) The Assembly shall fix the dates from which, subject to the provision of
paragraph (1), international applications may be filed and demands for
international preliminary examination may be submitted. Such dates shall not
be later than six months after this Treaty has entered into force according to the
provisions of Article 63(1), or after Chapter II has become applicable under
Article 63(3), respectively.
Article 66
Denunciation
(1) Any Contracting State may denounce this Treaty by notification
addressed to the Director General.
(2) Denunciation shall take effect six months after receipt of the said
notification by the Director General. It shall not affect the effects of the
international application in the denouncing State if the international application
was filed, and, where the denouncing State has been elected, the election was
made, prior to the expiration of the said six-month period.
Article 67
Signature and Languages
(1)(a) This Treaty shall be signed in a single original in the English and
French languages, both texts being equally authentic.
(b) Official texts shall be established by the Director General, after
consultation with the interested Governments, in the German, Japanese,
Portuguese, Russian and Spanish languages, and such other languages as the
Assembly may designate.
(2) This Treaty shall remain open for signature at Washington until
December 31, 1970.
Article 68
Depositary Functions
(1) The original of this Treaty, when no longer open for signature, shall be
deposited with the Director General.
(2) The Director General shall transmit two copies, certified by him, of this
Treaty and the Regulations annexed hereto to the Governments of all States
party to the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property and, on
request, to the Government of any other State.
51

Patent Cooperation Treaty
(3) The Director General shall register this Treaty with the Secretariat of the
United Nations.
(4) The Director General shall transmit two copies, certified by him, of any
amendment to this Treaty and the Regulations to the Governments of all
Contracting States and, on request, to the Government of any other State.
Article 69
Notifications
The Director General shall notify the Governments of all States party to the
Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property of:
(i) signatures under Article 62,
(ii) deposits of instruments of ratification or accession under Article 62,
(iii) the date of entry into force of this Treaty and the date from which
Chapter II is applicable in accordance with Article 63(3),
(iv) any declarations made under Article 64(1) to (5),
(v) withdrawals of any declarations made under Article 64(6)(b),
(vi) denunciations received under Article 66, and
(vii) any declarations made under Article 31(4).

52