Executive Order 12968

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Federal Register

Presidential Documents

Vol. 60, No. 151
Monday, August 7, 1995

Title 3—

Executive Order 12968 of August 2, 1995

The President

Access to Classified Information
The national interest requires that certain information be maintained in
confidence through a system of classification in order to protect our citizens,
our democratic institutions, and our participation within the community
of nations. The unauthorized disclosure of information classified in the
national interest can cause irreparable damage to the national security and
loss of human life.
Security policies designed to protect classified information must ensure
consistent, cost effective, and efficient protection of our Nation’s classified
information, while providing fair and equitable treatment to those Americans
upon whom we rely to guard our national security.
This order establishes a uniform Federal personnel security program for
employees who will be considered for initial or continued access to classified
information.
NOW, THEREFORE, by the authority vested in me as President by the
Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby
ordered as follows:
PART 1—DEFINITIONS, ACCESS TO CLASSIFIED INFORMATION, FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE, AND OTHER ITEMS
Section 1.1. Definitions. For the purposes of this order: (a) ‘‘Agency’’ means
any ‘‘Executive agency,’’ as defined in 5 U.S.C. 105, the ‘‘military departments,’’ as defined in 5 U.S.C. 102, and any other entity within the executive
branch that comes into the possession of classified information, including
the Defense Intelligence Agency, National Security Agency, and the National
Reconnaissance Office.
(b) ‘‘Applicant’’ means a person other than an employee who has received
an authorized conditional offer of employment for a position that requires
access to classified information.
(c) ‘‘Authorized investigative agency’’ means an agency authorized by
law or regulation to conduct a counterintelligence investigation or investigation of persons who are proposed for access to classified information to
ascertain whether such persons satisfy the criteria for obtaining and retaining
access to such information.
(d) ‘‘Classified information’’ means information that has been determined
pursuant to Executive Order No. 12958, or any successor order, Executive
Order No. 12951, or any successor order, or the Atomic Energy Act of
1954 (42 U.S.C. 2011), to require protection against unauthorized disclosure.
(e) ‘‘Employee’’ means a person, other than the President and Vice President, employed by, detailed or assigned to, an agency, including members
of the Armed Forces; an expert or consultant to an agency; an industrial
or commercial contractor, licensee, certificate holder, or grantee of an agency,
including all subcontractors; a personal services contractor; or any other
category of person who acts for or on behalf of an agency as determined
by the appropriate agency head.
(f) ‘‘Foreign power’’ and ‘‘agent of a foreign power’’ have the meaning
provided in 50 U.S.C. 1801.

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(g) ‘‘Need for access’’ means a determination that an employee requires
access to a particular level of classified information in order to perform
or assist in a lawful and authorized governmental function.
(h) ‘‘Need-to-know’’ means a determination made by an authorized holder
of classified information that a prospective recipient requires access to specific classified information in order to perform or assist in a lawful and
authorized governmental function.
(i) ‘‘Overseas Security Policy Board’’ means the Board established by the
President to consider, develop, coordinate and promote policies, standards
and agreements on overseas security operations, programs and projects that
affect all United States Government agencies under the authority of a Chief
of Mission.
(j) ‘‘Security Policy Board’’ means the Board established by the President
to consider, coordinate, and recommend policy directives for U.S. security
policies, procedures, and practices.
(k) ‘‘Special access program’’ has the meaning provided in section 4.1
of Executive Order No. 12958, or any successor order.
Sec. 1.2. Access to Classified Information. (a) No employee shall be granted
access to classified information unless that employee has been determined
to be eligible in accordance with this order and to possess a need-to-know.
(b) Agency heads shall be responsible for establishing and maintaining
an effective program to ensure that access to classified information by each
employee is clearly consistent with the interests of the national security.
(c) Employees shall not be granted access to classified information unless
they:
(1) have been determined to be eligible for access under section 3.1 of
this order by agency heads or designated officials based upon a favorable
adjudication of an appropriate investigation of the employee’s background;
(2) have a demonstrated need-to-know; and
(3) have signed an approved nondisclosure agreement.
(d) All employees shall be subject to investigation by an appropriate
government authority prior to being granted access to classified information
and at any time during the period of access to ascertain whether they
continue to meet the requirements for access.
(e)(1) All employees granted access to classified information shall be required as a condition of such access to provide to the employing agency
written consent permitting access by an authorized investigative agency,
for such time as access to classified information is maintained and for
a period of 3 years thereafter, to:
(A) relevant financial records that are maintained by a financial institution
as defined in 31 U.S.C. 5312(a) or by a holding company as defined in
section 1101(6) of the Right to Financial Privacy Act of 1978 (12 U.S.C.
3401);
(B) consumer reports pertaining to the employee under the Fair Credit
Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681a); and
(C) records maintained by commercial entities within the United States
pertaining to any travel by the employee outside the United States.
(2) Information may be requested pursuant to employee consent under
this section where:
(A) there are reasonable grounds to believe, based on credible information,
that the employee or former employee is, or may be, disclosing classified
information in an unauthorized manner to a foreign power or agent of
a foreign power;
(B) information the employing agency deems credible indicates the employee or former employee has incurred excessive indebtedness or has ac-

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quired a level of affluence that cannot be explained by other information;
or
(C) circumstances indicate the employee or former employee had the
capability and opportunity to disclose classified information that is known
to have been lost or compromised to a foreign power or an agent of a
foreign power.
(3) Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect the authority
of an investigating agency to obtain information pursuant to the Right to
Financial Privacy Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act or any other applicable
law.
Sec. 1.3. Financial Disclosure. (a) Not later than 180 days after the effective
date of this order, the head of each agency that originates, handles, transmits,
or possesses classified information shall designate each employee, by position
or category where possible, who has a regular need for access to classified
information that, in the discretion of the agency head, would reveal:
(1) the identity of covert agents as defined in the Intelligence Identities
Protection Act of 1982 (50 U.S.C. 421);
(2) technical or specialized national intelligence collection and processing
systems that, if disclosed in an unauthorized manner, would substantially
negate or impair the effectiveness of the system;
(3) the details of:
(A) the nature, contents, algorithm, preparation, or use of any code, cipher,
or cryptographic system or;
(B) the design, construction, functioning, maintenance, or repair of any
cryptographic equipment; but not including information concerning the use
of cryptographic equipment and services;
(4) particularly sensitive special access programs, the disclosure of which
would substantially negate or impair the effectiveness of the information
or activity involved; or
(5) especially sensitive nuclear weapons design information (but only for
those positions that have been certified as being of a high degree of importance or sensitivity, as described in section 145(f) of the Atomic Energy
Act of 1954, as amended).
(b) An employee may not be granted access, or hold a position designated
as requiring access, to information described in subsection (a) unless, as
a condition of access to such information, the employee:
(1) files with the head of the agency a financial disclosure report, including
information with respect to the spouse and dependent children of the employee, as part of all background investigations or reinvestigations;
(2) is subject to annual financial disclosure requirements, if selected by
the agency head; and
(3) files relevant information concerning foreign travel, as determined
by the Security Policy Board.
(c) Not later than 180 days after the effective date of this order, the
Security Policy Board shall develop procedures for the implementation of
this section, including a standard financial disclosure form for use by employees under subsection (b) of this section, and agency heads shall identify
certain employees, by position or category, who are subject to annual financial disclosure.
Sec. 1.4. Use of Automated Financial Record Data Bases. As part of all
investigations and reinvestigations described in section 1.2(d) of this order,
agencies may request the Department of the Treasury, under terms and
conditions prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury, to search automated
data bases consisting of reports of currency transactions by financial institutions, international transportation of currency or monetary instruments, foreign bank and financial accounts, transactions under $10,000 that are reported
as possible money laundering violations, and records of foreign travel.

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Sec. 1.5. Employee Education and Assistance. The head of each agency
that grants access to classified information shall establish a program for
employees with access to classified information to: (a) educate employees
about individual responsibilities under this order; and
(b) inform employees about guidance and assistance available concerning
issues that may affect their eligibility for access to classified information,
including sources of assistance for employees who have questions or concerns
about financial matters, mental health, or substance abuse.
PART 2—ACCESS ELIGIBILITY POLICY AND PROCEDURE
Sec. 2.1. Eligibility Determinations. (a) Determinations of eligibility for access
to classified information shall be based on criteria established under this
order. Such determinations are separate from suitability determinations with
respect to the hiring or retention of persons for employment by the government or any other personnel actions.
(b) The number of employees that each agency determines are eligible
for access to classified information shall be kept to the minimum required
for the conduct of agency functions.
(1) Eligibility for access to classified information shall not be requested
or granted solely to permit entry to, or ease of movement within, controlled
areas when the employee has no need for access and access to classified
information may reasonably be prevented. Where circumstances indicate
employees may be inadvertently exposed to classified information in the
course of their duties, agencies are authorized to grant or deny, in their
discretion, facility access approvals to such employees based on an appropriate level of investigation as determined by each agency.
(2) Except in agencies where eligibility for access is a mandatory condition
of employment, eligibility for access to classified information shall only
be requested or granted based on a demonstrated, foreseeable need for access.
Requesting or approving eligibility in excess of actual requirements is prohibited.
(3) Eligibility for access to classified information may be granted where
there is a temporary need for access, such as one-time participation in
a classified project, provided the investigative standards established under
this order have been satisfied. In such cases, a fixed date or event for
expiration shall be identified and access to classified information shall be
limited to information related to the particular project or assignment.
(4) Access to classified information shall be terminated when an employee
no longer has a need for access.
Sec. 2.2. Level of Access Approval. (a) The level at which an access approval
is granted for an employee shall be limited, and relate directly, to the
level of classified information for which there is a need for access. Eligibility
for access to a higher level of classified information includes eligibility
for access to information classified at a lower level.
(b) Access to classified information relating to a special access program
shall be granted in accordance with procedures established by the head
of the agency that created the program or, for programs pertaining to intelligence activities (including special activities but not including military operational, strategic, and tactical programs) or intelligence sources and methods,
by the Director of Central Intelligence. To the extent possible and consistent
with the national security interests of the United States, such procedures
shall be consistent with the standards and procedures established by and
under this order.
Sec. 2.3 Temporary Access to Higher Levels. (a) An employee who has
been determined to be eligible for access to classified information based
on favorable adjudication of a completed investigation may be granted temporary access to a higher level where security personnel authorized by
the agency head to make access eligibility determinations find that such
access:

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(1) is necessary to meet operational or contractual exigencies not expected
to be of a recurring nature;
(2) will not exceed 180 days; and
(3) is limited to specific, identifiable information that is made the subject
of a written access record.
(b) Where the access granted under subsection (a) of this section involves
another agency’s classified information, that agency must concur before access to its information is granted.
Sec. 2.4. Reciprocal Acceptance of Access Eligibility Determinations. (a)
Except when an agency has substantial information indicating that an employee may not satisfy the standards in section 3.1 of this order, background
investi-gations and eligibility determinations conducted under this order
shall be mutually and reciprocally accepted by all agencies.
(b) Except where there is substantial information indicating that the employee may not satisfy the standards in section 3.1 of this order, an employee
with existing access to a special access program shall not be denied eligibility
for access to another special access program at the same sensitivity level
as determined personally by the agency head or deputy agency head, or
have an existing access eligibility readjudicated, so long as the employee
has a need for access to the information involved.
(c) This section shall not preclude agency heads from establishing additional, but not duplicative, investigative or adjudicative procedures for a
special access program or for candidates for detail or assignment to their
agencies, where such procedures are required in exceptional circumstances
to protect the national security.
(d) Where temporary eligibility for access is granted under sections 2.3
or 3.3 of this order or where the determination of eligibility for access
is conditional, the fact of such temporary or conditional access shall be
conveyed to any other agency that considers affording the employee access
to its information.
Sec. 2.5. Specific Access Requirement. (a) Employees who have been determined to be eligible for access to classified information shall be given
access to classified information only where there is a need-to-know that
information.
(b) It is the responsibility of employees who are authorized holders of
classified information to verify that a prospective recipient’s eligibility for
access has been granted by an authorized agency official and to ensure
that a need-to-know exists prior to allowing such access, and to challenge
requests for access that do not appear well-founded.
Sec. 2.6. Access by Non-United States Citizens. (a) Where there are compelling reasons in furtherance of an agency mission, immigrant alien and foreign
national employees who possess a special expertise may, in the discretion
of the agency, be granted limited access to classified information only for
specific programs, projects, contracts, licenses, certificates, or grants for
which there is a need for access. Such individuals shall not be eligible
for access to any greater level of classified information than the United
States Govern-ment has determined may be releasable to the country of
which the subject is currently a citizen, and such limited access may be
approved only if the prior 10 years of the subject’s life can be appropriately
investigated. If there are any doubts concerning granting access, additional
lawful investigative procedures shall be fully pursued.
(b) Exceptions to these requirements may be permitted only by the agency
head or the senior agency official designated under section 6.1 of this
order to further substantial national security interests.
PART 3—ACCESS ELIGIBILITY STANDARDS
Sec. 3.1. Standards. (a) No employee shall be deemed to be eligible for
access to classified information merely by reason of Federal service or con-

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tracting, licensee, certificate holder, or grantee status, or as a matter of
right or privilege, or as a result of any particular title, rank, position, or
affiliation.
(b) Except as provided in sections 2.6 and 3.3 of this order, eligibility
for access to classified information shall be granted only to employees who
are United States citizens for whom an appropriate investigation has been
completed and whose personal and professional history affirmatively indicates loyalty to the United States, strength of character, trustworthiness,
honesty, reliability, discretion, and sound judgment, as well as freedom
from conflicting allegiances and potential for coercion, and willingness and
ability to abide by regulations governing the use, handling, and protection
of classified information. A determination of eligibility for access to such
information is a discretionary security decision based on judgments by appropriately trained adjudicative personnel. Eligibility shall be granted only where
facts and circumstances indicate access to classified information is clearly
consistent with the national security interests of the United States, and
any doubt shall be resolved in favor of the national security.
(c) The United States Government does not discriminate on the basis
of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability, or sexual orientation
in granting access to classified information.
(d) In determining eligibility for access under this order, agencies may
investigate and consider any matter that relates to the determination of
whether access is clearly consistent with the interests of national security.
No inference concerning the standards in this section may be raised solely
on the basis of the sexual orientation of the employee.
(e) No negative inference concerning the standards in this section may
be raised solely on the basis of mental health counseling. Such counseling
can be a positive factor in eligibility determinations. However, mental health
counseling, where relevant to the adjudication of access to classified information, may justify further inquiry to determine whether the standards of
subsection (b) of this section are satisfied, and mental health may be considered where it directly relates to those standards.
(f) Not later than 180 days after the effective date of this order, the
Security Policy Board shall develop a common set of adjudicative guidelines
for determining eligibility for access to classified information, including
access to special access programs.
Sec. 3.2. Basis for Eligibility Approval. (a) Eligibility determinations for
access to classified information shall be based on information concerning
the applicant or employee that is acquired through the investigation conducted pursuant to this order or otherwise available to security officials
and shall be made part of the applicant’s or employee’s security record.
Applicants or employees shall be required to provide relevant information
pertaining to their background and character for use in investigating and
adjudicating their eligibility for access.
(b) Not later than 180 days after the effective date of this order, the
Security Policy Board shall develop a common set of investigative standards
for background investigations for access to classified information. These
standards may vary for the various levels of access.
(c) Nothing in this order shall prohibit an agency from utilizing any
lawful investigative procedure in addition to the investigative requirements
set forth in this order and its implementing regulations to resolve issues
that may arise during the course of a background investigation or
reinvestigation.
Sec. 3.3. Special Circumstances. (a) In exceptional circumstances where
official functions must be performed prior to the completion of the investigative and adjudication process, temporary eligibility for access to classified
information may be granted to an employee while the initial investigation
is underway. When such eligibility is granted, the initial investigation shall
be expedited.

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(1) Temporary eligibility for access under this section shall include a
justification, and the employee must be notified in writing that further
access is expressly conditioned on the favorable completion of the investigation and issuance of an access eligibility approval. Access will be immediately terminated, along with any assignment requiring an access eligibility
approval, if such approval is not granted.
(2) Temporary eligibility for access may be granted only by security personnel authorized by the agency head to make access eligibility determinations
and shall be based on minimum investigative standards developed by the
Security Policy Board not later than 180 days after the effective date of
this order.
(3) Temporary eligibility for access may be granted only to particular,
identified categories of classified information necessary to perform the lawful
and authorized functions that are the basis for the granting of temporary
access.
(b) Nothing in subsection (a) shall be construed as altering the authority
of an agency head to waive requirements for granting access to classified
information pursuant to statutory authority.
(c) Where access has been terminated under section 2.1(b)(4) of this order
and a new need for access arises, access eligibility up to the same level
shall be reapproved without further investigation as to employees who were
determined to be eligible based on a favorable adjudication of an investigation
completed within the prior 5 years, provided they have remained employed
by the same employer during the period in question, the employee certifies
in writing that there has been no change in the relevant information provided
by the employee for the last background investigation, and there is no
information that would tend to indicate the employee may no longer satisfy
the standards established by this order for access to classified information.
(d) Access eligibility shall be reapproved for individuals who were determined to be eligible based on a favorable adjudication of an investigation
completed within the prior 5 years and who have been retired or otherwise
separated from United States Government employment for not more than
2 years; provided there is no indication the individual may no longer satisfy
the standards of this order, the individual certifies in writing that there
has been no change in the relevant information provided by the individual
for the last background investigation, and an appropriate record check reveals
no unfavorable information.
Sec. 3.4. Reinvestigation Requirements. (a) Because circumstances and characteristics may change dramatically over time and thereby alter the eligibility
of employees for continued access to classified information, reinvestigations
shall be conducted with the same priority and care as initial investigations.
(b) Employees who are eligible for access to classified information shall
be the subject of periodic reinvestigations and may also be reinvestigated
if, at any time, there is reason to believe that they may no longer meet
the standards for access established in this order.
(c) Not later than 180 days after the effective date of this order, the
Security Policy Board shall develop a common set of reinvestigative standards, including the frequency of reinvestigations.
PART 4—INVESTIGATIONS FOR FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS
Sec. 4. Authority. Agencies that conduct background investigations, including
the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Department of State, are authorized to conduct personnel security investigations in the United States when
requested by a foreign government as part of its own personnel security
program and with the consent of the individual.

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PART 5—REVIEW OF ACCESS DETERMINATIONS
Sec. 5.1. Determinations of Need for Access. A determination under section
2.1(b)(4) of this order that an employee does not have, or no longer has,
a need for access is a discretionary determination and shall be conclusive.
Sec. 5.2. Review Proceedings for Denials or Revocations of Eligibility for
Access. (a) Applicants and employees who are determined to not meet
the standards for access to classified information established in section
3.1 of this order shall be:
(1) provided as comprehensive and detailed a written explanation of the
basis for that conclusion as the national security interests of the United
States and other applicable law permit;
(2) provided within 30 days, upon request and to the extent the documents
would be provided if requested under the Freedom of Information Act
(5 U.S.C. 552) or the Privacy Act (3 U.S.C. 552a), as applicable, any documents, records, and reports upon which a denial or revocation is based;
(3) informed of their right to be represented by counsel or other representative at their own expense; to request any documents, records, and reports
as described in section 5.2(a)(2) upon which a denial or revocation is based;
and to request the entire investigative file, as permitted by the national
security and other applicable law, which, if requested, shall be promptly
provided prior to the time set for a written reply;
(4) provided a reasonable opportunity to reply in writing to, and to request
a review of, the determination;
(5) provided written notice of and reasons for the results of the review,
the identity of the deciding authority, and written notice of the right to
appeal;
(6) provided an opportunity to appeal in writing to a high level panel,
appointed by the agency head, which shall be comprised of at least three
members, two of whom shall be selected from outside the security field.
Decisions of the panel shall be in writing, and final except as provided
in subsection (b) of this section; and
(7) provided an opportunity to appear personally and to present relevant
documents, materials, and information at some point in the process before
an adjudicative or other authority, other than the investigating entity, as
determined by the agency head. A written summary or recording of such
appearance shall be made part of the applicant’s or employee’s security
record, unless such appearance occurs in the presence of the appeals panel
described in subsection (a)(6) of this section.
(b) Nothing in this section shall prohibit an agency head from personally
exercising the appeal authority in subsection (a)(6) of this section based
upon recommendations from an appeals panel. In such case, the decision
of the agency head shall be final.
(c) Agency heads shall promulgate regulations to implement this section
and, at their sole discretion and as resources and national security considerations permit, may provide additional review proceedings beyond those
required by subsection (a) of this section. This section does not require
additional proceedings, however, and creates no procedural or substantive
rights.
(d) When the head of an agency or principal deputy personally certifies
that a procedure set forth in this section cannot be made available in
a particular case without damaging the national security interests of the
United States by revealing classified information, the particular procedure
shall not be made available. This certification shall be conclusive.
(e) This section shall not be deemed to limit or affect the responsibility
and power of an agency head pursuant to any law or other Executive
order to deny or terminate access to classified information in the interests

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of national security. The power and responsibility to deny or terminate
access to classified information pursuant to any law or other Executive
order may be exercised only where the agency head determines that the
procedures prescribed in subsection (a) of this section cannot be invoked
in a manner that is consistent with national security. This determination
shall be conclusive.
(f)(1) This section shall not be deemed to limit or affect the responsibility
and power of an agency head to make determinations of suitability for
employment.
(2) Nothing in this section shall require that an agency provide the procedures prescribed in subsection (a) of this section to an applicant where
a conditional offer of employment is withdrawn for reasons of suitability
or any other reason other than denial of eligibility for access to classified
information.
(3) A suitability determination shall not be used for the purpose of denying
an applicant or employee the review proceedings of this section where
there has been a denial or revocation of eligibility for access to classified
information.
PART 6—IMPLEMENTATION
Sec. 6.1. Agency Implementing Responsibilities. Heads of agencies that grant
employees access to classified information shall: (a) designate a senior agency
official to direct and administer the agency’s personnel security program
established by this order. All such programs shall include active oversight
and continuing security education and awareness programs to ensure effective
implementation of this order;
(b) cooperate, under the guidance of the Security Policy Board, with
other agencies to achieve practical, consistent, and effective adjudicative
training and guidelines; and
(c) conduct periodic evaluations of the agency’s implementation and administration of this order, including the implementation of section 1.3(a)
of this order. Copies of each report shall be provided to the Security Policy
Board.
Sec. 6.2. Employee Responsibilities. (a) Employees who are granted eligibility
for access to classified information shall:
(1) protect classified information in their custody from unauthorized disclosure;
(2) report all contacts with persons, including foreign nationals, who seek
in any way to obtain unauthorized access to classified information;
(3) report all violations of security regulations to the appropriate security
officials; and
(4) comply with all other security requirements set forth in this order
and its implementing regulations.
(b) Employees are encouraged and expected to report any information
that raises doubts as to whether another employee’s continued eligibility
for access to classified information is clearly consistent with the national
security.
Sec. 6.3. Security Policy Board Responsibilities and Implementation. (a)
With respect to actions taken by the Security Policy Board pursuant to
sections 1.3(c), 3.1(f), 3.2(b), 3.3(a)(2), and 3.4(c) of this order, the Security
Policy Board shall make recommendations to the President through the
Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs for implementation.
(b) Any guidelines, standards, or procedures developed by the Security
Policy Board pursuant to this order shall be consistent with those guidelines
issued by the Federal Bureau of Investigation in March 1994 on Background
Investigations Policy/Guidelines Regarding Sexual Orientation.

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(c) In carrying out its responsibilities under this order, the Security Policy
Board shall consult where appropriate with the Overseas Security Policy
Board. In carrying out its responsibilities under section 1.3(c) of this order,
the Security Policy Board shall obtain the concurrence of the Director of
the Office of Management and Budget.
Sec. 6.4. Sanctions. Employees shall be subject to appropriate sanctions
if they knowingly and willfully grant eligibility for, or allow access to,
classified information in violation of this order or its implementing regulations. Sanctions may include reprimand, suspension without pay, removal,
and other actions in accordance with applicable law and agency regulations.
PART 7—GENERAL PROVISIONS
Sec. 7.1. Classified Information Procedures Act. Nothing in this order is
intended to alter the procedures established under the Classified Information
Procedures Act (18 U.S.C. App. 1).
Sec. 7.2. General. (a) Information obtained by an agency under sections
1.2(e) or 1.3 of this order may not be disseminated outside the agency,
except to:
(1) the agency employing the employee who is the subject of the records
or information;
(2) the Department of Justice for law enforcement or counterintelligence
purposes; or
(3) any agency if such information is clearly relevant to the authorized
responsibilities of such agency.
(b) The Attorney General, at the request of the head of an agency, shall
render an interpretation of this order with respect to any question arising
in the course of its administration.
(c) No prior Executive orders are repealed by this order. To the extent
that this order is inconsistent with any provision of any prior Executive
order, this order shall control, except that this order shall not diminish
or otherwise affect the requirements of Executive Order No. 10450, the
denial and revocation procedures provided to individuals covered by Executive Order No. 10865, as amended, or access by historical researchers and
former presidential appointees under Executive Order No. 12958 or any
successor order.
(d) If any provision of this order or the application of such provision
is held to be invalid, the remainder of this order shall not be affected.
(e) This Executive order is intended only to improve the internal management of the executive branch and is not intended to, and does not, create
any right to administrative or judicial review, or any other right or benefit
or trust responsibility, substantive or procedural, enforceable by a party
against the United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or
employees, or any other person.
(f) This order is effective immediately.

œ–
[FR Doc. 95–19654
Filed 8–4–95; 12:18 pm]
Billing code 3195–01–P

THE WHITE HOUSE,
August 2, 1995.