U.S. Individual Income Tax Return Forms

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Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

2024 Instructions for Schedule R

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Credit for the
Elderly or the
Disabled

Use Schedule R (Form 1040) to figure the credit for the elderly or the disabled.

Future developments. For the latest information about
developments related to Schedule R (Form 1040) and its
instructions, such as legislation enacted after they were
published, go to IRS.gov/ScheduleR.

What’s New

Pub. 524 discontinued. We have discontinued Pub. 524,
Credit for the Elderly or the Disabled; the last revision
was for 2023. All the pertinent information from Pub.
524 has been incorporated into the Instructions for
Schedule R. Prior revisions of Pub. 524 will remain
available at IRS.gov/Pub524.

General Instructions
Who Can Take the Credit

You can take the credit for the elderly or the disabled if
you meet both of the following requirements.
• You are a qualified individual.
• Your income isn't more than certain limits.

Qualified Individual

You are a qualified individual for this credit if you are a
U.S. citizen or resident alien, and either of the following
applies.
1. You were age 65 or older at the end of 2024.
2. You were under age 65 (discussed later) at the end
of 2024 and all three of the following statements are true.
a. You retired on permanent and total disability. (See
Permanent and Total Disability, later).
b. You receive taxable disability income for 2024.
c. On January 1, 2024, you had not reached mandatory retirement age (defined later under Disability Income).

Age 65
You are considered age 65 on the day before your 65th
birthday. As a result, if you were born on January 1,
1960, you are considered to be age 65 at the end of 2024.
Death of taxpayer. If you are preparing a return for
someone who died in 2024, consider the taxpayer to be
age 65 at the end of 2024 if they were age 65 or older on
the day before their death. For example, if the taxpayer

Sep 10, 2024

was born on February 14, 1959, and died on February 13,
2024, the taxpayer is considered age 65 at the time of
death. However, if the taxpayer died on February 12,
2024, the taxpayer isn't considered age 65 at the time of
death or at the end of 2024.
U.S. Citizen or Resident Alien

You must be a U.S. citizen or resident alien (or be treated
as a resident alien) to take the credit. Generally, you can't
take the credit if you were a nonresident alien at any time
during the tax year.
Exceptions. You may be able to take the credit if you are
a nonresident alien who is married to a U.S. citizen or
resident alien at the end of the tax year and you and your
spouse choose to treat you as a U.S. resident alien. If you
make that choice, both you and your spouse are taxed on
your worldwide incomes.
If you were a nonresident alien at the beginning of the
year and a resident alien at the end of the year, and you
were married to a U.S. citizen or resident alien at the end
of the year, you may be able to choose to be treated as a
U.S. resident alien for the entire year. In that case, you
may be allowed to take the credit.
For information on these choices, see chapter 1 of Pub.
519.
You can take the credit only if you file Form 1040
TIP or 1040-SR. You can’t take the credit if you file
Form 1040-NR.
Married Persons

Generally, if you are married at the end of the tax year,
you and your spouse must file a joint return to take the
credit. However, if you and your spouse lived apart, you
might be eligible for the credit.
Married persons filing separate returns. If your filing
status is married filing separately and you lived apart
from your spouse at all times during 2024, you can claim
the credit. However, if you lived with your spouse at any
time during 2024, you can’t take the credit.

Cat. No. 11357O

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Head of Household

You can file as head of household and qualify to take the
credit, even if your spouse lived with you during the first
6 months of the year, if you meet all the following tests.
1. You file a separate return.
2. You paid more than half the cost of keeping up
your home during the tax year.
3. Your spouse didn't live in your home at any time
during the last 6 months of the tax year and the absence
wasn't temporary. See Temporary absences under Head
of Household in Pub. 501.
4. Your home was the main home of your child, your
stepchild, or an eligible foster child for more than half the
year. An eligible foster child is a child placed with you by
an authorized placement agency or by judgment, decree,
or other order of any court of competent jurisdiction.
5. The child is your dependent, or would be your dependent except that the noncustodial parent is entitled to
claim the child as their dependent under the special rule
for children of divorced or separated parents. See Children of divorced or separated parents (or parents who
live apart) in Pub. 501.

least a year or can be expected to result in death. See
Physician's Statement, later.
Substantial gainful activity. Substantial gainful activity
is the performance of significant duties over a reasonable
period of time while working for pay or profit, or in work
generally done for pay or profit. Full-time work (or
part-time work done at your employer's convenience) in a
competitive work situation for at least the minimum wage
conclusively shows that you are able to engage in substantial gainful activity.

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For more information, see the Instructions for Form 1040
or Pub 501.

Under Age 65

If you are under age 65 at the end of 2024, you can qualify for the credit only if you are retired on permanent and
total disability (discussed next), have taxable disability
income (discussed later under Disability Income), and as
of January 1, 2024, had not reached Mandatory retirement age. You are retired on permanent and total disability if:
• You were permanently and totally disabled when
you retired, and
• You retired on disability before the close of the tax
year.
Even if you don't retire formally, you may be considered retired on disability when you have stopped working
because of your disability.
If you retired on disability before 1977, and weren't
permanently and totally disabled at the time, you can
qualify for the credit if you were permanently and totally
disabled on January 1, 1976, or January 1, 1977.
You are considered to be under age 65 at the end
TIP of 2024 if you were born after January 1, 1960.
Permanent and Total Disability

You are permanently and totally disabled if both 1 and 2
below apply.
1. You can’t engage in any substantial gainful activity
because of a physical or mental condition.
2. A qualified physician determines that the condition
has lasted or can be expected to last continuously for at
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Note. Information on minimum wage rates is available
at DOL.gov/general/topic/wages/minimumwage.
Substantial gainful activity isn't work you do to take
care of yourself or your home. It isn't unpaid work on
hobbies, institutional therapy or training, school attendance, clubs, social programs, and similar activities. However, the nature of the work you perform may show that
you are able to engage in substantial gainful activity.
The fact that you haven't worked or have been unemployed for some time isn't, of itself, conclusive evidence
that you can't engage in substantial gainful activity.
The following examples illustrate the tests of substantial gainful activity.
Example 1. Alex, a sales clerk, is retired on disability.
Alex is 53 years old and now works as a full-time babysitter for the minimum wage. Although different work is
performed, Alex is able to do the duties of the new job in
a full-time competitive work situation for the minimum
wage. The credit can’t be taken because Alex is able to
engage in substantial gainful activity.
Example 2. Blake, a bookkeeper, is retired on disability. Blake is 59 years old and now drives a truck for a
charitable organization. Blake decides what hours to
work and isn’t paid. Duties of this nature are generally
performed for pay or profit. Blake works 10 hours some
weeks, and some weeks 40 hours. Over the year, Blake
averages 20 hours a week. The kind of work and the
average hours per week conclusively show that Blake is
able to engage in substantial gainful activity. This is true
even though Blake isn't paid and sets the hours to work.
Blake can't take the credit.
Example 3. Cameron, who retired on disability, took a
job with a former employer on a trial basis. The purpose
of the job was to see if Cameron could do the work. The
trial period lasted for 6 months during which Cameron
was paid the minimum wage. Because of Cameron's disability, only light duties of a nonproductive “make-work”
nature were assigned. Unless the activity is both substantial and gainful, Cameron isn’t engaged in a substantial
and gainful activity. The activity was gainful because Cameron was paid at least the minimum wage. But the activity wasn't substantial because Cameron’s duties were
nonproductive. These facts don't, by themselves, show
that Cameron is able to engage in substantial gainful activity.

Example 4. Dean, who retired on disability from a job
as a bookkeeper, lives with a relative who manages several motel units. Dean is 56 years old and helps the relative
for 1 or 2 hours a day by performing duties such as washing dishes, answering phones, registering guests, and
bookkeeping. Dean can select the time of day when Dean
feels the most fit to work. Work of this nature, performed
off and on during the day at Dean's convenience, isn't activity of a substantial and gainful nature even if Dean is
paid for the work. The performance of these duties
doesn't, of itself, show that Dean is able to engage in substantial gainful activity.

If your AGI and your nontaxable pensions, annuities,
or disability income are less than the income limits, you
may be able to claim the credit.
If your AGI or your nontaxable pensions, annuities, or disability income are equal to or more
CAUTION than the income limits, you can't take the credit.

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Sheltered employment. Certain work offered at qualified locations to physically or mentally impaired persons
is considered sheltered employment. These qualified locations include work centers that are certified by the Department of Labor (formerly referred to as “sheltered
workshops”), hospitals and similar institutions, homebound programs, and Department of Veterans Affairs
(VA) sponsored homes.
Compared to commercial employment, pay is lower
for sheltered employment. Therefore, one usually doesn't
look for sheltered employment if they can get other employment. The fact that one has accepted sheltered employment isn't proof of the person's ability to engage in
substantial gainful activity.
Disability Income

If you are under age 65, you must also have taxable disability income to qualify for the credit. Disability income
must meet both of the following requirements.
1. It must be paid under your employer's accident or
health plan or pension plan.
2. It must be included in your income as wages (or
payments instead of wages) for the time you are absent
from work because of permanent and total disability.

Payments that aren’t disability income. Any payment
you receive from a plan that doesn't provide for disability
retirement isn't disability income. Any lump-sum payment for accrued annual leave that you receive when you
retire on disability is a salary payment and isn't disability
income.
Mandatory retirement age. For purposes of the credit
for the elderly or the disabled, disability income doesn't
include amounts you receive after you reach mandatory
retirement age. Mandatory retirement age is the age set
by your employer at which you would have had to retire,
had you not become disabled.

Income Limits
To determine if you can claim the credit, you must consider two income limits. The first limit is the amount of
your adjusted gross income (AGI). The second limit is
the amount of nontaxable social security and other nontaxable pensions, annuities, or disability income you received. The limits are shown in Table 1.

Want the IRS To Figure Your Credit?

You can figure the credit yourself or the IRS will figure it
for you. If you want to figure the credit yourself, skip this
section and see Part I, later.

If you can take the credit and you want the IRS to figure the credit for you, check the appropriate box in Part I
of Schedule R and fill in Part II and lines 11 and 13 of
Part III, if they apply to you. Then, on Schedule 3 (Form
1040), line 6d, enter “CFE” on the line next to that box.
Attach Schedule R to your return.

Specific Instructions

Part I — Check the Box for Your Filing
Status and Age
Check the box in Part I of Schedule R that applies to you.
Only check one box in Part I. If you check box 2, 4, 5, 6,
or 9 in Part I, also complete Part II of Schedule R.

Part II — Statement of Permanent and
Total Disability
If you checked box 2, 4, 5, 6, or 9 in Part I and you didn't
file a physician's statement for 1983 or an earlier year, or
you filed or got a statement for tax years after 1983 and
your physician signed on line A of the statement, you
must have your physician complete a statement certifying
that:
• You were permanently and totally disabled on the
date you retired; or
• If you retired before 1977, you were permanently
and totally disabled on January 1, 1976, or January 1,
1977.
You don't have to file this statement with your tax return. But you must keep it for your records. You can use
the Physician's Statement later in these instructions for
this purpose. Your physician should show on the statement if the disability has lasted or can be expected to last
continuously for at least a year, or if there is no reasonable probability that the disabled condition will ever improve. If you file a joint return and you checked box 5 in
Part I, you and your spouse must each get a statement.

If you filed a physician's statement for 1983 or an earlier year, or you filed or got a statement for tax years after
1983 and your physician signed on line B of the statement, you don't have to get another statement for 2024.
But you must check the box on line 2 in Part II to certify
all three of the following.

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1. You filed or got a physician's statement in an earlier year.
2. You were permanently and totally disabled during
2024.
3. You were unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity during 2024 because of your physical or mental condition.

Line 11
If you or your spouse were under age 65, you must figure
the amount of your taxable disability income for line 11.
If you checked box 2, 4, 5, 6, or 9 in Part I, use the following table to complete line 11.
IF you checked . . .

THEN enter on line 11 . . .

box 6

the total of $5,000 plus the disability
income you reported on your tax return
for the spouse who was under age 65.

box 2, 4, or 9

the total amount of disability income
you reported on your tax return.

box 5

the total amount of disability income
you reported on your tax return for
both you and your spouse.

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If you checked box 4, 5, or 6 in Part I, enter in the
space above the box on line 2 in Part II the first name(s)
of the spouse(s) for whom the box is checked.

If the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) certifies
that you are permanently and totally disabled, you can
use VA Form 21-0172 instead of the physician's statement. VA Form 21-0172 must be signed by a person authorized by the VA to do so. You can get this form from
your local VA regional office.

Part III — Figure Your Credit

To figure your credit, you must first determine your initial amount using lines 10 through 12. Your initial
amount depends on your filing status and, if you are under age 65, the amount of your taxable disability income.
The initial amount for qualified individuals under age 65
may be less than the amount shown for a filing status.
Initial amounts for persons under age 65. If you are a
qualified individual under age 65, your initial amount
can’t be more than your taxable disability income. Your
initial amount will be the lesser of the initial amount
shown on line 10 for your filing status or your taxable
disability income figured on line 11. The smaller of these
two amounts will be entered on line 12.
Special rules for joint returns. If you file a joint return
and both you and your spouse are qualified individuals,
the initial amount you report for yourself and your spouse
on Schedule R will depend on whether only one of you is
(or both of you are) under age 65.
If only one of you is under age 65, your initial amount
can’t be more than $5,000 plus the taxable disability income of the spouse who is under age 65.
If both you and your spouse are under age 65, the initial amount for you and your spouse can’t be more than
your combined taxable disability income.

Line 10
The following table shows the initial amount for each filing status.
IF you checked . . .

THEN enter on line 10 . . .

box 1, 2, 4, or 7

$5,000

box 3, 5, or 6

$7,500

box 8 or 9

$3,750

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Example 1. You are 63 years old and retired on permanent and total disability in 2024. You are filing jointly
with your spouse, who was age 67 in 2024. You check
box 6 in Part I and enter $7,500 on line 10. You received
$4,000 of taxable disability income and will report the income on Form 1040, line 1a. On line 11, you will enter
$9,000 ($5,000 plus the $4,000 of disability income you
will report on Form 1040, line 1a). You will enter $7,500
on line 12 (the smaller of line 10 or line 11). The largest
amount that can be used to figure the credit is $7,500.
Example 2. You checked box 2 in Part I and entered
$5,000 on line 10. You received $3,000 of taxable disability income, which is entered on line 11. You will enter
$3,000 on line 12 (the smaller of line 10 or line 11). The
largest amount that can be used to figure the credit is
$3,000.

Line 13a Through 13b
The amount on which you figured your credit can be reduced if you received certain types of nontaxable pensions, annuities, or disability income. Use lines 13a
through 13c to figure the nontaxable portion.
Worksheets are provided in the Instructions for
TIP Form 1040 to help you determine if any of your
social security benefits (or equivalent railroad retirement benefits) are taxable.
Line 13a

Enter any social security benefits (before deduction of
Medicare premiums) you (and your spouse if filing jointly) received for 2024 that aren't taxable.
Don’t include a lump-sum death benefit payment you
may receive as a surviving spouse, or a surviving chid’s
insurance benefit payments you may receive as a guardian.
Also, enter any tier 1 railroad retirement benefits treated as social security that aren't taxable.
If any of your social security or equivalent railroad retirement benefits are taxable, the amount to enter on this

line is generally the difference between the amounts entered on Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 6a and line 6b.
If your social security or equivalent railroad retirement benefits are reduced because of workers’
CAUTION compensation benefits, treat the workers’ compensation benefits as social security benefits when completing Schedule R (Form 1040), line 13a.

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Don't include on line 13b any pension, annuity, or similar allowance for personal injuries or sickness resulting
from active service in the armed forces of any country, or
in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
or the Public Health Service. Also, don't include a disability annuity payable under section 808 of the Foreign
Service Act of 1980.
Be sure to take into account all of the nontaxable
amounts you receive. These amounts are verified
CAUTION by the IRS through information supplied by other
government agencies.

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Line 13b

Enter the total of the following types of income that you
(and your spouse if filing jointly) received for 2024.
• Veterans' pensions (but not military disability pensions).
• Any other pension, annuity, or disability benefit that
is excluded from income under any provision of federal
law other than the Internal Revenue Code. Don't include
amounts that are treated as a return of your cost of a pension or annuity.

Excess adjusted gross income. The amount on which
you figure your credit can also be reduced if your adjusted gross income is over a certain amount. This will be
figured on lines 14 through 17.

Line 21 — Credit Limit Worksheet

Keep for Your Records

The amount of credit you can claim is generally limited to the amount of your tax. Use the Credit Limit Worksheet to
determine if your credit is limited.

1. Enter the amount from Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.
2. Enter the amount from Schedule 3 (Form 1040), lines 1, 2, and 6l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.
3. Subtract line 2 from line 1. Enter this amount on Schedule R (Form 1040), line 21. But if
zero or less, STOP; you can't take this credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.

Examples
The following examples illustrate the credit for the elderly or the disabled.
Example 1. Jesse is 58 years old, single, and files Form
1040. In 2022, Jesse retired on permanent and total disability, and is still permanently and totally disabled. Jesse
got the required physician's statement in 2022 and kept it
with personal tax records. The physician signed on line B
of the statement. This year, Jesse checks the box in
Schedule R, Part II. Jesse doesn't need to get another
statement for 2024.
Jesse received the following income for the year.
Nontaxable social security . . . . . . . . . .
Interest (taxable) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Taxable disability pension . . . . . . . . . .
Adjusted gross income (Form 1040, line 11)

. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .

$700
$100
$15,000
$15,100

The adjusted gross income is the total of Jesse’s taxable interest and taxable disability pension ($15,000 +
$100). Jesse figures the credit on Schedule R as follows.
Line references (shown in parentheses) are to Schedule R.

1.

Initial amount based on filing status (line 10)

. . .

$5,000

2.

Taxable disability pension (line 11)

. . . . . . . . .

$15,000

3.

Initial amount (smaller of line 1 or line 2)
(line 12) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$5,000

4.

Nontaxable social security
benefits (line 13) . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$700

5.

Excess adjusted gross income (line 17)
($15,100 − $7,500) ÷ 2 . . . . . . . . . .

$3,800

6.

Add lines 4 and 5 (line 18) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$4,500

7.

Subtract line 6 from line 3 (line 19)
(Don't enter less than -0-.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$500

8.

Multiply line 7 by 15% (0.15) (line 20) . . . . . . .

$75

9.

Enter the amount from the
Credit Limit Worksheet—Line 21 in the
Instructions for Schedule R (line 21) . . . . . . . .

$51

Credit (Enter the smaller of
line 8 or line 9.) (line 22) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$51

10.

Jesse can claim the credit; enters $51 on Schedule R,
line 22, and on Schedule 3 (Form 1040), line 6d; and attaches a completed Schedule R.
Example 2. Riley, age 53, is married to Parker, age 49.
Riley had a stroke 3 years ago and retired on permanent

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and total disability. Riley is still permanently and totally
disabled because of the stroke. In November, Parker was
injured in an accident at work and retired on permanent
and total disability.
Riley received nontaxable social security disability
benefits of $2,000 during the year and a taxable disability
pension of $6,400. Parker earned $21,250 from a job and
received a taxable disability pension of $1,700. Their
joint return on Form 1040, line 11, shows adjusted gross
income of $29,350 ($6,400 + $21,250 + $1,700). Their
filing status is married filing jointly. They don't itemize
deductions. They don't have any amounts that would increase their standard deduction.
Parker's doctor completed the physician's statement in
the Instructions for Schedule R. Parker isn't required to
include the statement with their return, but Parker must
keep it for their records.
Riley got a physician's statement for the year Riley had
the stroke. Riley’s doctor had signed on line B of that
physician's statement to certify that Riley had a permanent and total disability. Riley has kept the physician's
statement with their tax records. Riley checks the box on
Schedule R, Part II, and will write “Riley” in the space
above the box on line 2.
Riley and Parker use Schedule R to figure their credit
for the elderly or disabled. They are ineligible for the
credit because their initial amount is less than zero. They
can’t take the credit because their nontaxable social security plus their excess adjusted gross income is more
than their initial amount.

1.

Initial amount based on filing status (line 10)

. . .

$7,500

2.

Taxable disability pension (line 11)

. . . . . . . . .

$8,100

3.

Initial amount (smaller of line 1 or line 2)
(line 12) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$7,500

4.

Nontaxable social security
benefits (line 13c) . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$2,000

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5.

Excess adjusted gross income (line 17)
($29,350 − $10,000) ÷ 2 . . . . . . . . .

6.

Add lines 4 and 5 (line 18) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$11,675

7.

Subtract line 6 from line 3
(Don't enter less than -0-.) (line 19) . . . . . . . . .

($4,175)

8.

Multiply line 7 by 15% (0.15)

. . . . . . . . . . . .

N/A

9.

Enter the amount from the
Credit Limit Worksheet—Line 21 in the
Instructions for Schedule R (line 21) . . . . . . . .

N/A

Credit (Enter the smaller of
line 8 or line 9.) (line 22) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

N/A

10.

$9,675

The amount on line 3–$7,500–is less than the amount
on line 6–$11,675. Subtracting $11,675 from $7,500 produces a negative amount. As a result, Riley and Parker
may not claim the credit.

Riley and Parker made that determination on Schedule R as follows. Line references (shown in parentheses)
are to Schedule R.

Table 1. Income Limits
THEN, you generally CAN'T take the credit if...
The amount on Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 11* is...
IF your filing status is...

OR the total of your nontaxable social security and
other nontaxable pension(s), annuities, or disability
income is equal to or more than...

single, head of household, or
qualifying surviving spouse

$17,500

$5,000

married filing jointly and only one
spouse is a qualifying individual

$20,000

$5,000

married filing jointly and both
spouses are qualifying individuals

$25,000

$7,500

married filing separately and you
lived apart from your spouse for all of
2024

$12,500

$3,750

* AGI is the amount on Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 11.

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Instructions for Physician's Statement
Taxpayer

Physician

If you retired after 1976, enter the date you retired in A person is permanently and totally disabled if both
the space provided on the statement below.
of the following apply.
1. They can't engage in any substantial gainful
activity because of a physical or mental condition.
2. A physician determines that the disability has
lasted or can be expected to last continuously for at
least a year or can lead to death.

Physician's Statement

Keep for Your Records

I certify that
Name of disabled person
was permanently and totally disabled on January 1, 1976, or January 1, 1977, or was permanently and totally
disabled on the date they retired. If retired after 1976, enter the date retired:
Physician: Sign your name on either line A or B below.
A The disability has lasted or can be expected to
last continuously for at least a year . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Physician's signature

Date

Physician's signature

Date

B There is no reasonable probability that the
disabled condition will ever improve . . . . . . . . . . .
Physician's name

Physician's address

R-7