U.S. Individual Income Tax Return Forms

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2024

Instructions for Form 8606

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Nondeductible IRAs

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Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code
unless otherwise noted.

Future Developments

For the latest information about developments related to
2024 Form 8606 and its instructions, such as legislation
enacted after they were published, go to IRS.gov/
Form8606.

What's New

New retirement plan distributions and their repayments. References to the following retirement plan
distributions have been added throughout as needed.
• Qualified birth or adoption distributions.
• Emergency personal expense distributions.
• Domestic abuse distributions.
• Terminal illness distributions.
Throughout Form 8606 and these instructions, we have
placed the above distributions and qualified disaster
distributions (also known as qualified disaster recovery
distributions) made in 2024 and their repayments made in
2024 under the umbrellas "certain 2024 retirement plan
distribution repayments treated as rollovers" and "any
2024 retirement plan distributions whose repayments are
treated as rollovers," as applicable.
For more information, see Certain 2024 retirement plan
distribution repayments treated as rollovers and Any 2024
retirement plan distributions whose repayments are
treated as rollovers, later.
Line 15c Worksheet. We have added to the discussion
under Line 15c a new worksheet showing how to figure
the line 15c amount when all or part of a qualified birth or
adoption distribution, emergency personal expense
distribution, domestic abuse distribution, or terminal
illness distribution made in 2024 is repaid in 2024.
Examples are included. See Line 15c Worksheet, later.
New Line 25c. Line 25c Worksheet under new Line 25c,
later, adds a new worksheet showing how to compute the
line 25c amount when all or part of a qualilied birth or
adoption distribution, emergency personal expense
distribution, domestic abuse distribution, or terminal
illness distribution made in 2024 is repaid in 2024.
Examples are included.
References to 2024 Form 8915-F. References to 2024
Form 8915-F in these instructions are to 2024 Form
8915-F (2023 disasters) and 2024 Form 8915-F (2024
disasters) as described below.
Form 8915-F is called Form 8915-F (2023 disasters)
when the qualified disasters began in 2023. 2024 Form
8915-F (2023 disasters) is used to report qualified 2023
disaster distributions made in 2024, qualified distributions
received in 2024 for the purchase or construction of a
Oct 9, 2024

main home in the area of a 2023 disaster and reportable
in 2024 on Part IV of 2024 Form 8915-F (2023 disasters),
and repayments of those distributions made for 2024.
Form 8915-F is called Form 8915-F (2024 disasters)
when the qualified disasters began in 2024. 2024 Form
8915-F (2024 disasters) is used to report qualified 2024
disaster distributions made in 2024, qualified distributions
received in 2024 for the purchase or construction of a
main home in the area of a 2024 disaster and reportable
in 2024 on Part IV of 2024 Form 8915-F (2024 disasters),
and repayments of those distributions made for 2024.
2024 Forms 8915-F are relevant to the calculations on
Form 8606, lines 6, 7, 15b, 19, and 25b. The instructions
for those lines have been updated as needed.
Coronavirus-related distributions. Coronavirus-related
distributions don't appear on 2024 Form 8606 and aren't
mentioned in these instructions, as they can't be made
after December 30, 2020.

Modified adjusted gross income (AGI) limit for Roth
IRA contributions increased. You can contribute to a
Roth IRA for 2024 only if your 2024 modified AGI for Roth
IRA purposes is less than:
• $240,000 if married filing jointly or qualifying surviving
spouse;
• $161,000 if single, head of household, or married filing
separately and you didn’t live with your spouse at any time
in 2024; or
• $10,000 if married filing separately and you lived with
your spouse at any time in 2024.
See Roth IRAs, later.
Due date for contributions. The due date for making
contributions for 2024 to your IRA for most people is
Monday, April 15, 2025.

General Instructions
Purpose of Form

Use Form 8606 to report:
• Nondeductible contributions you made to traditional
IRAs;
• Distributions from traditional, traditional SEP, or
traditional SIMPLE IRAs, if you have a basis in these IRAs;
• Conversions from traditional, traditional SEP, or
traditional SIMPLE IRAs to Roth, Roth SEP, or Roth
SIMPLE IRAs; and
• Distributions from Roth, Roth SEP, or Roth SIMPLE
IRAs.
Additional information. For more details on IRAs, see
Pub. 590-A, Contributions to Individual Retirement
Arrangements (IRAs); Pub. 590-B, Distributions from
Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs); and Pub. 560,
Retirement Plans for Small Business.

Cat. No. 25399E

If you received distributions from a traditional,

TIP traditional SEP, or traditional SIMPLE IRA in 2024

and you have never made nondeductible
contributions (including nontaxable amounts you rolled
over from a qualified retirement plan) to these IRAs, don’t
report the distributions on 2024 Form 8606. Instead, see
Lines 4a and 4b in the 2024 Instructions for Form 1040 or
the 2024 Instructions for Form 1040-NR. Also, to find out if
any of your contributions to traditional IRAs are deductible,
see the instructions for Schedule 1 in the Instructions for
Form 1040.

the IRS at the same time and place you would otherwise
file Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR. Be sure to include
your address on page 1 of the form and your signature
and the date on page 2 of the form.

Definitions
Deemed IRAs

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Who Must File

File Form 8606 if any of the following apply.
• You made nondeductible contributions to a traditional
IRA for 2024, including a repayment of a qualified disaster,
a qualified reservist, or a qualified birth or adoption
distribution.
• You received distributions from a traditional, traditional
SEP, or traditional SIMPLE IRA in 2024 and your basis in
these IRAs is more than zero. For this purpose, a
distribution doesn’t include a distribution that is rolled over
(other than a repayment of certain 2024 retirement plan
distribution repayments treated as rollovers (see
Definitions, later)), qualified charitable distribution,
one-time distribution to fund an HSA, conversion,
recharacterization, or return of certain contributions.
• You or your spouse transferred all or part of their
traditional, traditional SEP, or traditional SIMPLE IRA in
2024 to the other spouse under a divorce or separation
agreement where the transfer resulted in a change in the
basis of the IRA of either spouse.
• You converted an amount from a traditional, traditional
SEP, or traditional SIMPLE IRA to a Roth, Roth SEP, or
Roth SIMPLE IRA in 2024.
• You received distributions from a Roth, Roth SEP, or
Roth SIMPLE IRA in 2024 (other than a rollover,
recharacterization, or return of certain contributions—see
the instructions for Part III, later).
• You received a distribution from an inherited traditional,
traditional SEP, or traditional SIMPLE IRA that has a basis,
or you received a distribution from an inherited Roth, Roth
SEP, or Roth SIMPLE IRA that wasn’t a qualified
distribution. You may need to file more than one Form
8606. See IRA with basis under What if You Inherit an
IRA? in Pub. 590-B for more information.
Note. If you recharacterized a 2024 Roth IRA contribution
as a traditional IRA contribution, or vice versa, treat the
contribution as having been made to the second IRA, not
the first IRA. See Recharacterizations, later.
You don’t have to file Form 8606 solely to report

TIP regular contributions to Roth, Roth SEP, or Roth

SIMPLE IRAs. But see What Records Must I
Keep, later.

When and Where To File

File 2024 Form 8606 with your 2024 Form 1040,
1040-SR, or 1040-NR by the due date, including
extensions, of your return.
If you aren’t required to file an income tax return but are
required to file Form 8606, sign Form 8606 and send it to

2

A qualified employer plan (retirement plan) can maintain a
separate account or annuity under the plan (a deemed
IRA) to receive voluntary employee contributions. If in
2024 you had a deemed IRA, use the rules for either a
traditional IRA or a Roth IRA depending on which type it
was. See Pub. 590-A for more details.

Traditional IRAs

For purposes of Form 8606, a traditional IRA is an
individual retirement account or an individual retirement
annuity other than a traditional SIMPLE, Roth, Roth SEP,
or Roth SIMPLE IRA. A traditional SEP IRA is a traditional
IRA to which contributions under a SEP plan are made.
Contributions. An overall contribution limit applies to
traditional IRAs. See Overall Contribution Limit for
Traditional and Roth IRAs, later. Contributions to a
traditional IRA may be fully deductible, partially
deductible, or completely nondeductible.
Basis. Your basis in traditional, traditional SEP, and
traditional SIMPLE IRAs is the total of all your
nondeductible contributions and nontaxable amounts
included in rollovers made to these IRAs minus the total of
all your nontaxable distributions, adjusted if necessary
(see the instructions for line 2, later). See Line 22, later, for
your basis in Roth, Roth SEP, and Roth SIMPLE IRAs.

!

Keep track of your basis to figure the nontaxable
part of your future distributions.

CAUTION

Certain 2024 retirement plan distribution repayments
treated as rollovers. The term "certain 2024 retirement
plan distribution repayments treated as rollovers" is used
on 2024 Form 8606 in the Part I and III lead-ins, and in
lines 6, 7, 15c, and 25c. It is used throughout these
instructions as needed. The term describes repayments in
2024 of the following distributions where the distributions
were also made in 2024.
• Qualified disaster distributions (also known as qualified
disaster recovery distributions).
• Qualified birth or adoption distributions.
• Emergency personal expense distributions.
• Domestic abuse distributions.
• Terminal illness distributions.
Any 2024 retirement plan distributions whose repayments are treated as rollovers. The term "any 2024
retirement plan distributions whose repayments are
treated as rollovers" is used in line 19 of 2024 Form 8606
and throughout these instructions as needed. The term
describes the following distributions made in 2024.
• Qualified disaster distributions (also known as qualified
disaster recovery distributions).
• Qualified birth or adoption distributions.
• Emergency personal expense distributions.
• Domestic abuse distributions.
Instructions for Form 8606 (2024)

• Terminal illness distributions.
SEP IRAs: Traditional and Roth
Prior to January 1, 2023, traditional SEP IRAs

TIP were called SEP IRAs in these instructions. The

term "traditional" was added to the name to
distinguish them from Roth SEP IRAs, which were
introduced in section 601 of the SECURE 2.0 Act of 2022
and effective beginning January 1, 2023.

2.
a.
b.
c.
d.

The distribution is made:
On or after the date you reach age 591/2,
After your death,
Due to your disability, or
For qualified first-time homebuyer expenses.

Contributions. You can contribute to a Roth IRA for 2024
only if your 2024 modified AGI for Roth IRA purposes is
less than:
• $240,000 if married filing jointly or qualifying surviving
spouse;
• $161,000 if single, head of household, or married filing
separately and you didn’t live with your spouse at any time
in 2024; or
• $10,000 if married filing separately and you lived with
your spouse at any time in 2024.
Use the Maximum Roth IRA Contribution Worksheet to
figure the maximum amount you can contribute to a Roth
IRA for 2024. If you are married filing jointly, complete
the worksheet separately for you and your spouse.

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A simplified employee pension (SEP) plan is an
employer-sponsored plan under which an employer can
make contributions to a traditional IRA (traditional SEP
IRA) or a Roth IRA (Roth SEP IRA) for its employees. If
you make contributions to a traditional SEP IRA (excluding
employer contributions you make if you are
self-employed), they are treated as contributions to a
traditional IRA and may be deductible or nondeductible.
Traditional SEP IRA distributions are reported in the same
manner as traditional IRA distributions.
Beginning January 1, 2023, employers can contribute
to Roth SEP IRAs under a SEP plan. Contributions to a
Roth SEP IRA are nondeductible and includible in income.
Roth SEP IRA distributions are reported in the same
manner as Roth IRA distributions.

SIMPLE IRAs: Traditional and Roth

Prior to January 1, 2023, traditional SIMPLE IRAs

TIP were called SIMPLE IRAs in these instructions.

The term "traditional" was added to the name to
distinguish them from Roth SIMPLE IRAs, which were
introduced in section 601 of the SECURE 2.0 Act of 2022
and effective beginning January 1, 2023.

A SIMPLE IRA plan is a tax-favored retirement plan
under which certain small employers (including
self-employed individuals) can make contributions to
traditional IRAs (traditional SIMPLE IRAs) or Roth IRAs
(Roth SIMPLE IRAs) for their employees. Your employer's
contributions to a SIMPLE IRA plan don't prevent you from
making contributions to a traditional IRA or Roth IRA.
SIMPLE IRA plans are also known as Savings Incentive
Match Plans for Employees.
Beginning January 1, 2023, certain small employers
(including self-employed individuals) can contribute to
Roth SIMPLE IRAs under a SIMPLE IRA plan.
Contributions to a Roth SIMPLE IRA are nondeductible
and includible in income.

Roth IRAs

A Roth IRA is similar to a traditional IRA, but has the
following features.
• Contributions are never deductible.
• No minimum distributions are required during the Roth
IRA owner's lifetime.
• Qualified distributions aren’t includible in income.
Qualified distribution. Generally, a qualified distribution
is any distribution from your Roth IRA that meets the
following requirements.
1. It is made after the 5-year period beginning with the
first year for which a contribution was made to a Roth IRA
(including a conversion or a rollover from a qualified
retirement plan) set up for your benefit.
Instructions for Form 8606 (2024)

!

If you contributed too much to your Roth IRA, see
Recharacterizations, later.

CAUTION

Modified AGI for Roth IRA purposes. First, figure your
AGI (2024 Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 11).
Then, refigure it by:
1. Subtracting:
a. Roth IRA conversions included on Form 1040,
1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 4b; and
b. Roth IRA rollovers from qualified retirement plans
included on Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 5b;
and
2. Adding:
a. IRA deduction from Schedule 1 (Form 1040),
line 20;
b. Student loan interest deduction from Schedule 1
(Form 1040), line 21;
c. Reserved for future use;
d. Exclusion of interest from Form 8815, Exclusion of
Interest From Series EE and I U.S. Savings Bonds Issued
After 1989;
e. Exclusion of employer-provided adoption benefits
from Form 8839, Qualified Adoption Expenses;
f. Foreign earned income exclusion from Form 2555,
Foreign Earned Income; and
g. Foreign housing exclusion or deduction from Form
2555.
When figuring modified AGI for Roth IRA
purposes, you may have to refigure items based
CAUTION on modified AGI, such as taxable social security
benefits and passive activity losses allowed under the
special allowance for rental real estate activities. See Can
You Contribute to a Roth IRA? in Pub. 590-A for details.

!

Distributions. See the instructions for Part III, later.

3

Maximum Roth IRA Contribution Worksheet

Keep for Your Records

Caution: If married filing jointly and the combined taxable compensation (defined below) for you and your spouse is
less than $14,000 ($15,000 if one spouse is age 50 or older at the end of 2024; $16,000 if both spouses are age 50 or
older at the end of 2024), don’t use this worksheet. Instead, see Pub. 590-A for special rules.
1. If married filing jointly, enter $7,000 ($8,000 if age 50 or older at the end of 2024). All
others, enter the smaller of $7,000 ($8,000 if age 50 or older at the end of 2024) or
your taxable compensation (defined below) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Enter your total contributions to traditional IRAs for 2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.

3. Subtract line 2 from line 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.

4. Enter $240,000 if married filing jointly or qualifying surviving spouse; $10,000 if
married filing separately and you lived with your spouse at any time in 2024. All
others, enter $161,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. Enter your modified AGI for Roth IRA purposes (discussed earlier) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.

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6. Subtract line 5 from line 4. If zero or less, stop here; you may not contribute to a
Roth IRA for 2024. See Recharacterizations, later, if you made Roth IRA
contributions for 2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7. If line 4 above is $161,000, enter $15,000; otherwise, enter $10,000. If line 6 is more
than or equal to line 7, skip lines 8 and 9 and enter the amount from line 3 on
line 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8. Divide line 6 by line 7 and enter the result as a decimal (rounded to at least 3
places) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9. Multiply line 1 by line 8. If the result isn’t a multiple of $10, increase it to the next
multiple of $10 (for example, increase $490.30 to $500). Enter the result, but not
less than $200 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10. Maximum 2024 Roth IRA Contribution. Enter the smaller of line 3 or line 9. See
Recharacterizations, later, if you contributed more than this amount to Roth IRAs
for 2024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Overall Contribution Limit for Traditional and
Roth IRAs

2.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

abuse distributions, and terminal illness distributions don’t
affect your contribution limit.

If you aren’t married filing jointly, your limit on contributions
to traditional and Roth IRAs is generally the smaller of
$7,000 ($8,000 if age 50 or older at the end of 2024) or
your taxable compensation (defined below).

The amount you can contribute to a Roth IRA may
also be limited by your modified AGI (see
CAUTION Contributions, earlier, and the Maximum Roth IRA
Contribution Worksheet).

If you are married filing jointly, your contribution limit is
generally $7,000 ($8,000 if age 50 or older at the end of
2024) and your spouse's contribution limit is $7,000
($8,000 if age 50 or older at the end of 2024) as well. But if
the combined taxable compensation of both you and your
spouse is less than $14,000 ($15,000 if one spouse is age
50 or older at the end of 2024; $16,000 if both spouses
are age 50 or older at the end of 2024), see Kay Bailey
Hutchison Spousal IRA Limit in Pub. 590-A for special
rules.

Difficulty of care payments. For contributions for 2024,
you may elect to increase the nondeductible IRA
contribution limit by some or all of the amount of difficulty
of care payments, which are a type of qualified foster care
payment, received. For details, see 2024 Pub. 590-A.

This limit doesn’t apply to employer contributions to a
traditional SEP, traditional SIMPLE, Roth SEP, or Roth
SIMPLE IRA.
Note. Rollovers, Roth IRA conversions, Roth IRA
rollovers from qualified retirement plans, and repayments
of qualified reservist distributions, qualified disaster
distributions (also known as qualified disaster recovery
distributions), qualified birth or adoption distributions,
emergency personal expense distributions, domestic
4

!

Taxable compensation. Taxable compensation includes
the following.
• Wages, salaries, tips, etc. If you received a distribution
from a nonqualified deferred compensation plan or
nongovernmental section 457 plan that is included in
box 1 of Form W-2 or in box 1 of Form 1099-NEC, don’t
include that distribution in taxable compensation. The
distribution should be shown in (a) box 11 of Form W-2,
(b) box 12 of Form W-2 with code Z, or (c) box 14 of Form
1099-MISC. If it isn’t, contact your employer for the
amount of the distribution.
• Nontaxable combat pay if you were a member of the
U.S. Armed Forces.
• Self-employment income. If you are self-employed (a
sole proprietor or a partner), taxable compensation is your
Instructions for Form 8606 (2024)

net earnings from your trade or business (provided your
personal services are a material income-producing factor)
reduced by your deduction for contributions made on your
behalf to retirement plans and the deductible part of your
self-employment tax.
• Alimony and separate maintenance pursuant to a
divorce or separation agreement entered into before
January 1, 2019, unless that agreement was changed
after December 31, 2018, to expressly provide that
alimony received isn't included in the recipient's income.
• Certain non-tuition fellowship and stipend payments.
For details, see Pub. 590-A.

recharacterization. If the recharacterization occurred in
2024, include the amount transferred from the traditional
IRA on 2024 Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 4a. If
the recharacterization occurred in 2025, report the amount
transferred only in the attached statement, and not on
your 2024 or 2025 tax return. See Example next.
Example. You are single, covered by an employer
retirement plan, and you contributed $4,000 to a new
traditional IRA on May 27, 2024. On February 24, 2025,
you determine that your 2024 modified AGI will limit your
traditional IRA deduction to $1,000. The value of your
traditional IRA on that date is $4,400. On the same date,
you recharacterize $3,000 of the traditional IRA
contribution as a Roth IRA contribution, and have $3,300
($3,000 contribution plus $300 related earnings)
transferred from your traditional IRA to a Roth IRA in a
trustee-to-trustee transfer. You deduct the $1,000
traditional IRA contribution on your 2024 Form 1040. You
don’t file a 2024 Form 8606. You attach a statement to
your 2024 return explaining the recharacterization. The
statement indicates that you contributed $4,000 to a
traditional IRA on May 27, 2024; recharacterized $3,000
of that contribution on February 24, 2025, by transferring
$3,000 plus $300 of related earnings from your traditional
IRA to a Roth IRA in a trustee-to-trustee transfer; and
deducted the remaining traditional IRA contribution of
$1,000 on your 2024 Form 1040. You don’t report the
$3,300 distribution from your traditional IRA on your 2024
Form 1040 because the distribution occurred in 2025. You
don’t report the distribution on your 2025 Form 1040
because the recharacterization related to 2024 and was
explained in an attachment to your 2024 return.
2. You made a contribution to a Roth IRA and later
recharacterized part or all of it in a trustee-to-trustee
transfer to a traditional IRA. Report the nondeductible
traditional IRA portion of the recharacterized contribution,
if any, on Form 8606, Part I. Don’t report the Roth IRA
contribution (whether or not you recharacterized all or part
of it) on Form 8606. Attach a statement to your return
explaining the recharacterization. If the recharacterization
occurred in 2024, include the amount transferred from the
Roth IRA on your 2024 Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR,
line 4a. If the recharacterization occurred in 2025, report
the amount transferred only in the attached statement,
and not on your 2024 or 2025 tax return. See Example
next.
Example. You are single, covered by an employer
retirement plan, and you contributed $4,000 to a new Roth
IRA on June 17, 2024. On December 30, 2024, you
determine that your 2024 modified AGI will allow a full
traditional IRA deduction. On that same date, you
recharacterize the Roth IRA contribution as a traditional
IRA contribution and have $4,200, the balance in the Roth
IRA account ($4,000 contribution plus $200 related
earnings), transferred from your Roth IRA to a traditional
IRA in a trustee-to-trustee transfer. You deduct the $4,000
traditional IRA contribution on your 2024 Form 1040. You
don’t file a Form 8606. You attach a statement to your
return explaining the recharacterization. The statement
indicates that you contributed $4,000 to a new Roth IRA
on June 17, 2024; recharacterized that contribution on
December 30, 2024, by transferring $4,200, the balance in
the Roth IRA, to a traditional IRA in a trustee-to-trustee

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See What Is Compensation? under Who Can Open a
Traditional IRA? in chapter 1 of Pub. 590-A for details.

Recharacterizations

Generally, you can recharacterize (correct) an IRA
contribution by making a trustee-to-trustee transfer from
one IRA to another type of IRA. Trustee-to-trustee
transfers are made directly between financial institutions
or within the same financial institution. You must generally
make the transfer by the due date of your return (including
extensions) and reflect it on your return. However, if you
timely filed your return without making the transfer, you
can make the transfer within 6 months of the due date of
your return, excluding extensions. If necessary, file an
amended return reflecting the transfer (see Amending
Form 8606, later). Enter “Filed pursuant to section
301.9100-2” on the amended return.

No recharacterizations of conversions made in 2018
or later. A conversion of a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA,
and a rollover from any other eligible retirement plan to a
Roth IRA, made in tax years beginning after December
31, 2017, cannot be recharacterized as having been made
to a traditional IRA.
Reporting recharacterizations. Treat any
recharacterized IRA contribution as though the amount of
the contribution was originally contributed to the second
IRA, not the first IRA. For the recharacterization, you must
transfer the amount of the original contribution plus any
related earnings or less any related loss. In most cases,
your IRA trustee or custodian figures the amount of the
related earnings you must transfer. If you need to figure
the related earnings, see How Do You Recharacterize a
Contribution? in chapter 1 of Pub. 590-A. Treat any
earnings or loss that occurred in the first IRA as having
occurred in the second IRA. You can’t deduct any loss that
occurred while the funds were in the first IRA. Also, you
can’t take a deduction for a contribution to a traditional
IRA if you later recharacterize the amount. The following
discussion explains how to report the two different types
of recharacterizations, including the statement that you
must attach to your return explaining the
recharacterization.
1. You made a contribution to a traditional IRA and
later recharacterized part or all of it in a trustee-to-trustee
transfer to a Roth IRA. If you recharacterized only part of
the contribution, report the nondeductible traditional IRA
portion of the remaining contribution, if any, on Form 8606,
Part I. If you recharacterized the entire contribution, don’t
report the contribution on Form 8606. In either case,
attach a statement to your return explaining the
Instructions for Form 8606 (2024)

5

transfer; and deducted the traditional IRA contribution of
$4,000 on your 2024 Form 1040. You include the $4,200
distribution from your Roth IRA on your 2024 Form 1040,
line 4a.

Return of IRA Contributions

If, in 2024, you made traditional IRA contributions or Roth
IRA contributions for 2024 and you had those
contributions returned to you with any related earnings (or
minus any loss) by the due date (including extensions) of
your 2024 tax return, the returned contributions are
treated as if they were never contributed. Don’t report the
contribution or distribution on Form 8606 or take a
deduction for the contribution. However, you must include
the amount of the distribution of the returned contributions
you made in 2024 and any related earnings on your 2024
Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 4a. Also include
the related earnings on your 2024 Form 1040, 1040-SR,
or 1040-NR, line 4b. Attach a statement explaining the
distribution. Also, if you were under age 591/2 at the time of
a distribution with related earnings, you are generally
subject to the additional 10% tax on early distributions
(see Form 5329, Additional Taxes on Qualified Plans
(Including IRAs) and Other Tax-Favored Accounts, and its
instructions).

contribution on your 2024 Schedule 1 (Form 1040),
line 20. You include $1,073 on your 2024 Form 1040,
line 4a, and $73 on line 4b. You attach a statement to your
tax return explaining the distribution. Because you
properly removed the excess contribution with the related
earnings by the due date of your tax return, you aren’t
subject to the additional 6% tax on excess contributions,
reported on Form 5329. Because the distribution of the
$73 in earnings was made by the due date of your return,
you also aren't subject to the additional tax on early
distributions even though you were under age 591/2 at the
time of the distribution.

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If you timely filed your 2024 tax return without
withdrawing a contribution that you made in 2024, you can
still have the contribution returned to you within 6 months
of the due date of your 2024 tax return, excluding
extensions. If you do, file an amended return for your 2024
tax year with “Filed pursuant to section 301.9100-2”
entered at the top. Report any related earnings on the
amended return and include an explanation of the
withdrawn contribution. Make any other necessary
changes on the amended return (for example, if you
reported the contributions as excess contributions on your
original return, include an amended Form 5329 reflecting
that the withdrawn contributions are no longer treated as
having been contributed).
In most cases, the related earnings that you must
withdraw are figured by your IRA trustee or custodian. If
you need to figure the related earnings on IRA
contributions that were returned to you, see Contributions
Returned Before Due Date of Return in chapter 1 of Pub.
590-A. If you made a contribution or distribution while the
IRA held the returned contribution, see Pub. 590-A.
If you made a contribution for 2023 and you had it
returned to you in 2024 as described above, don’t report
the distribution on your 2024 tax return. Instead, report it
on your 2023 original or amended return in the manner
described above.

Example. On May 27, 2024, you contributed $4,000 to
your traditional IRA that has a basis. The value of the IRA
was $18,000 prior to the contribution. On December 30,
2024, when you are age 57 and the value of the IRA is
$23,600, you realize you can’t make the entire contribution
because your taxable compensation for the year will be
too small. You decide to have $1,000 of the contribution
returned to you and withdraw $1,073 from your IRA
($1,000 contribution plus $73 earnings). You didn’t make
any other withdrawals or contributions. You don’t file a
2024 Form 8606. You deduct the $3,000 remaining
6

Return of Excess Traditional IRA
Contributions

The return (distribution) in 2024 of excess traditional IRA
contributions for years prior to 2024 isn’t taxable if all three
of the following apply.
1. The distribution was made after the due date,
including extensions, of your tax return for the year for
which the contribution was made (if the distribution was
made earlier, see Return of IRA Contributions, earlier).
2. No deduction was allowable (without regard to the
modified AGI limitation) or taken for the excess
contributions.
3. The total contributions (excluding rollovers) to your
traditional and traditional SEP IRAs for the year for which
the excess contributions were made didn’t exceed the
amounts shown in the following table.
Year(s)

Contribution
limit

Contribution limit if
age 50 or older at
the end of the year

2023

$6,500

$7,500

2019 through 2022

$6,000

$7,000

2013 through 2018

$5,500

$6,500

2008 through 2012

$5,000

$6,000

2006 or 2007

$4,000

$5,000

2005

$4,000

$4,500

2002 through 2004

$3,000

$3,500

1997 through 2001

$2,000

—

before 1997

$2,250

—

If the excess contribution to your traditional IRA for the
year included a rollover and the excess occurred because
the information the plan was required to give you was
incorrect, increase the contribution limit amount for the
year shown in the table above by the amount of the excess
that is due to the incorrect information.
If the total contributions for the year included employer
contributions to a traditional SEP IRA, increase the
contribution limit amount for the year shown in the table
above by the smaller of the amount of the employer
contributions or:

Instructions for Form 8606 (2024)

2023

$66,000

2022

$61,000

2021

$58,000

2020

$57,000

2019

$56,000

2018

$55,000

2017

$53,000

2014

$52,000

2012

$51,000
$50,000

2009, 2010, or 2011

$49,000

2008

$46,000

2007
2006
2005
2004

Amending Form 8606

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$54,000

2015 or 2016
2013

compensation for those years. The statement also
indicates that the distribution reduced your excess
contributions to -0-, as reflected on your amended 2022
and 2023 Forms 5329. Don’t file a 2024 Form 8606. If you
are required to file Form 8606 in a year after 2024, don’t
include the $7,000 you withdrew in 2024 on line 2.

$45,000
$44,000
$42,000
$41,000

2002 or 2003

$40,000

2001

$35,000

before 2001

$30,000

Include the total amount distributed on 2024 Form
1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 4a; and attach a
statement to your return explaining the distribution. See
Example, later.

If you meet these conditions and are otherwise required
to file Form 8606:
• Don’t take into account the amount of the withdrawn
contributions in figuring line 2 (for 2024 or for any later
year), and
• Don’t include the amount of the withdrawn contributions
on line 7.
Example. You are single, you retired in 2021, and you
had no taxable compensation after 2021. However, you
made traditional IRA contributions (that you didn’t deduct)
of $3,000 on December 15, 2022, and $4,000 in 2023. In
December 2023, a tax practitioner informed you that you
had made excess contributions for those years because
you had no taxable compensation. In December 2024,
you withdrew the $7,000 and filed amended returns for
2022 and 2023 reflecting the additional 6% tax on excess
contributions on Form 5329. You include the $7,000
distribution on your 2024 Form 1040, line 4a; enter -0- on
line 4b; and attach a statement to your return explaining
the distribution, including the fact that you filed amended
returns for 2022 and 2023 and paid the additional 6% tax
on the excess contribution for 2022 because it was made
before December 30, 2022. The statement indicates that
the distribution isn’t taxable because (a) it was made after
the due dates of your 2022 and 2023 tax returns, including
extensions; (b) your total IRA contributions for 2022 didn’t
exceed $6,500 ($7,500 if age 50 or older at the end of that
year) and for 2023 didn't exceed $6,000 ($7,000 if age 50
or older at the end of that year); and (c) you didn’t take a
deduction for the contributions, and no deduction was
allowable because you didn’t have any taxable
Instructions for Form 8606 (2024)

Generally, after you file your return, you can change a
nondeductible contribution to a traditional IRA to a
deductible contribution or vice versa if you make the
change within the time limit for filing Form 1040-X,
Amended U.S. Individual Income Tax Return (see the
Form 1040-X instructions). You may also be able to make
a recharacterization (discussed earlier). If necessary,
complete a new Form 8606 showing the revised
information and file it with Form 1040-X.

Penalty for Not Filing

If you are required to file Form 8606 to report a
nondeductible contribution to a traditional IRA for 2024 but
don’t do so, you must pay a $50 penalty, unless you can
show reasonable cause.

Overstatement Penalty

If you overstate your nondeductible contributions, you
must pay a $100 penalty, unless you can show reasonable
cause.

What Records Must I Keep?

To verify the nontaxable part of distributions from your
IRAs, including Roth, Roth SEP, and Roth SIMPLE IRAs,
keep a copy of the following forms and records until all
distributions are made.
• Page 1 of Forms 1040 or 1040-SR (or Forms 1040A,
1040-NR, or 1040-T) filed for each year you made a
nondeductible contribution to a traditional IRA.
• Forms 8606 and any supporting statements,
attachments, and worksheets for all applicable years.
• Forms 5498, IRA Contribution Information, or similar
statements you received each year showing contributions
you made to a traditional IRA or Roth IRA.
• Forms 5498 or similar statements you received showing
the value of your traditional IRAs for each year you
received a distribution.
• Forms 1099-R or W-2P you received for each year you
received a distribution.
Note. Forms 1040-T, 1040A, and W-2P are forms that
were used in prior years.

Specific Instructions
Name and social security number (SSN). If you file a
joint return, enter only the name and SSN of the spouse
whose information is being reported on Form 8606.
More than one Form 8606 required. If both you and
your spouse are required to file Form 8606, file a separate
Form 8606 for each of you. If you are required to file Form
8606 for IRAs inherited from more than one decedent, file
a separate Form 8606 for the IRA from each decedent.

7

Part I—Nondeductible Contributions
to Traditional IRAs and Distributions
From Traditional, Traditional SEP, and
Traditional SIMPLE IRAs
Line 1

If you used the worksheet Figuring Your Reduced IRA
Deduction for 2024 in Pub. 590-A, enter on line 1 of Form
8606 any nondeductible contributions from the
appropriate lines of that worksheet.

If you didn’t have any deductible contributions, you can
make nondeductible contributions up to your contribution
limit (see Overall Contribution Limit for Traditional and
Roth IRAs, earlier). Enter on line 1 of Form 8606 your
nondeductible contributions.
Include on line 1 any repayment of a qualified reservist
distribution.
Don’t include on line 1 contributions that you had
returned to you with the related earnings (or less any
loss). See Return of IRA Contributions, earlier.

Generally, if this is the first year you are required to file
Form 8606, enter -0-. Otherwise, use the Total Basis Chart
to find the amount to enter on line 2.

However, you may need to enter an amount that is
more than -0- (even if this is the first year you are required
to file Form 8606) or increase or decrease the amount
from the chart if your basis changed because of any of the
following.
• You had a return of excess traditional IRA contributions
(see Return of Excess Traditional IRA Contributions,
earlier).
• Incident to divorce, you transferred or received part or
all of a traditional, traditional SEP, or traditional SIMPLE
IRA (see the last bulleted item under Line 7, later).
• You rolled over any nontaxable portion of your qualified
retirement plan to a traditional, traditional SEP, or
traditional SIMPLE IRA that wasn’t previously reported on
Form 8606, line 2. Include the nontaxable portion on
line 2.

Line 4

If you made contributions to traditional IRAs for 2024 in
2024 and 2025 and you have both deductible and
nondeductible contributions, you can choose to treat the
contributions made in 2024 first as nondeductible
contributions and then as deductible contributions, or vice
versa.

Example. You made contributions for 2024 of $2,000 in
May 2024 and $2,000 in January 2025, of which $3,000 is
8

Although the contributions to traditional IRAs for 2024
that you made from January 1, 2025, through April 15,
2025, can be treated as nondeductible, they aren’t
included in figuring the nontaxable part of any distributions
you received in 2024.

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If you used the IRA Deduction Worksheet in the Form
1040 instructions or as referred to in the Form 1040-NR
instructions, subtract line 12 of the worksheet (or the
amount you chose to deduct on Schedule 1 (Form 1040),
line 20, if less) from the smaller of line 10 or line 11 of the
worksheet. Enter the result on line 1 of Form 8606. You
can’t deduct the amount included on line 1.

Line 2

deductible and $1,000 is nondeductible. You choose
$1,000 of your contribution in 2024 to be nondeductible.
You enter the $1,000 on line 1, but not line 4, and it
becomes part of your basis for 2024.

Line 6

Enter the total value of all your traditional, traditional SEP,
and traditional SIMPLE IRAs as of December 31, 2024,
plus any outstanding rollovers. A statement should be sent
to you by January 31, 2025, showing the value of each
IRA on December 31, 2024. However, if you
recharacterized any amounts originally contributed, enter
on line 6 the total value, taking into account all
recharacterizations of those amounts, including
recharacterizations made after December 31, 2024.
For purposes of line 6, a rollover is a tax-free
distribution from one traditional, traditional SEP, or
traditional SIMPLE IRA that is contributed to another
traditional, traditional SEP, or traditional SIMPLE IRA. The
rollover must be completed within 60 days after receiving
the distribution from the first IRA. An outstanding rollover
is generally the amount of any distribution received in
2024 after November 1, 2024, that was rolled over in
2025, but within the 60-day rollover period. A rollover
between a traditional SIMPLE IRA and a qualified
retirement plan or an IRA (other than a traditional SIMPLE
IRA) can only take place after your first 2 years of
participation in the traditional SIMPLE IRA. See Pub.
590-A for more details.

Pursuant to Rev. Proc. 2020-46 in Internal Revenue
Bulletin 2020-45, available at IRS.gov/irb/
2020-45_IRB#REV-PROC-2020-46, you may make a
written certification to a plan administrator or an IRA
trustee that you missed the 60-day rollover contribution
deadline because of one or more of the 12 reasons listed
in Rev. Proc. 2020-46. See Rev. Proc. 2020-46 for
information on how to self-certify for a waiver. Also see
Time Limit for Making a Rollover Contribution under Can
You Move Retirement Plan Assets? in Pub. 590-A for more
information on ways to get a waiver of the 60-day rollover
requirement.
Note. Don’t include an outstanding rollover from a
traditional, traditional SEP, or traditional SIMPLE IRA to a
qualified retirement plan.

!

CAUTION

Include on line 6 qualified distributions from Part
IV of your 2024 Form(s) 8915-F, if any, you repaid
in 2024 no later than the deadline for repayment.

Repayments in 2024 of Certain 2024 Retirement
Plan Distributions Whose Repayments Are Treated
As Rollovers
Do not reduce line 6 by any repayment that is described in
Certain 2024 retirement plan distribution repayments
treated as rollovers under Definitions, earlier, if the
Instructions for Form 8606 (2024)

repayment was made in 2024 but the distribution was
made in a year before 2024.
The amount you would otherwise enter on line 6 should
be reduced by the total amount of any repayment that is
described in Certain 2024 retirement plan distribution
repayments treated as rollovers under Definitions, earlier,
if the repayment was made in 2024 for a distribution made
in 2024. If the result is zero or less, enter -0-.

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Example. You received a $20,000 qualified disaster
distribution on May 6, 2024, from your traditional IRA. On
November 25, 2024, you made a repayment of $10,000 to
your traditional IRA. The value of all of your traditional,
traditional SEP, and traditional SIMPLE IRAs as of
December 31, 2024, was $50,000. You had no
outstanding rollovers. You would enter $40,000 ($50,000
minus $10,000 repayment) on line 6.

Line 7

If you received a distribution in 2024 from a
traditional, traditional SEP, or traditional SIMPLE
CAUTION IRA, and you also made contributions for 2024 to
a traditional IRA that may not be fully deductible because
of the income limits, you must make a special computation
before completing the rest of this form. For details,
including how to complete Form 8606, see Are
Distributions Taxable? in chapter 1 of Pub. 590-B.

!

• Qualified distributions from Part IV of your 2024 Form(s)
8915-F, if any, you repaid in 2024 no later than the
deadline for repayment.
• Distributions that are incident to divorce. The transfer of
part or all of your traditional, traditional SEP, or traditional
SIMPLE IRA to your spouse under a divorce or separation
agreement isn’t taxable to you or your spouse. If this
transfer results in a change in the basis of the IRA of either
spouse, both spouses must file Form 8606 and show the
increase or decrease in the amount of basis on line 2.
Attach a statement explaining this adjustment. Include in
the statement the character of the amounts in the IRA,
such as the amount attributable to nondeductible
contributions. Also, include the name and SSN of the
other spouse.

Don’t include any of the following on line 7.
• Distributions that you converted to a Roth IRA, Roth
SIMPLE IRA, or Roth SEP IRA.
• Recharacterizations of traditional IRA contributions to
Roth IRA contributions.
• Distributions you rolled over to another traditional,
traditional SEP, or traditional SIMPLE IRA (whether or not
the distribution is an outstanding rollover included on
line 6).
• Distributions you rolled over to a qualified retirement
plan.
• A one-time distribution to fund an HSA. For details, see
Pub. 969, Health Savings Accounts and Other
Tax-Favored Health Plans.
• Distributions that are treated as a return of contributions
under Return of IRA Contributions, earlier.
• Qualified charitable distributions (QCDs). For details,
see Are Distributions Taxable? in chapter 1 of Pub. 590-B.
• Distributions that are treated as a return of excess
contributions under Return of Excess Traditional IRA
Contributions, earlier.

Be sure to include on line 7 all the distributions
made in 2024 that are described in Any 2024
CAUTION retirement plan distributions whose repayments
are treated as rollovers under Definitions, earlier, even if
they were later repaid.

!

Line 8

If, in 2024, you converted any amounts from traditional,
traditional SEP, or traditional SIMPLE IRAs to a Roth, Roth
SEP, or Roth SIMPLE IRA, enter on line 8 the net amount
you converted.

Line 15b

If you have no qualified disaster distributions in 2024 from
a traditional, traditional SEP, or traditional SIMPLE IRA,
enter -0- on line 15b. If all your distributions in 2024 from
those IRAs are qualified disaster distributions, enter the
amount from line 15a on line 15b. If you have distributions
in 2024 unrelated to qualified disasters, as well as
qualified disaster distributions, you will need to multiply
the amount on line 15a by a fraction. The numerator of the
fraction is your total qualified disaster distributions, and
the denominator is the amount from Form 8606, line 7.
Example 1. In July 2024, an $11,000 distribution,
unrelated to a qualified disaster, was made to you from
your traditional IRA (that you did not roll over). Your main
home was in Florida Hurricane Debby (DR-4806-FL),
which began August 1, 2024, and which was declared as
a major disaster on August 10, 2024. You sustained an
economic loss because of that disaster. The end date for
making distributions for this disaster is January 5, 2025. In
September 2024, a qualified disaster distribution was
made to you from your traditional IRA in the amount of
$22,000 that you reported on 2024 Form 8915-F (2024
disasters). $22,000 was the maximum amount of qualified

Total Basis Chart
IF the last Form 8606 you filed was for . . .

THEN enter on line 2 . . .

a year after 2000 and before 2024

the amount from line 14 of that Form 8606.

a year after 1992 and before 2001

the amount from line 12 of that Form 8606.

a year after 1988 and before 1993

the amount from line 14 of that Form 8606.

1988

the total of the amounts on lines 7 and 16 of that Form 8606.

1987

the total of the amounts on lines 4 and 13 of that Form 8606.

Instructions for Form 8606 (2024)

9

disaster distributions that could be made for that disaster.
You will report total distributions of $33,000 on Form 8606,
line 7. You will then complete lines 8 through 14 as
instructed. Form 8606, line 15a, shows an amount of
$30,000. You will enter $20,000 ($30,000 ×
$22,000/$33,000) on line 15b. You will also enter $20,000
on 2024 Form 8915-F (2024 disasters), line 18.
Example 2. In February 2024, a $5,500 distribution,
unrelated to a qualified disaster, was made to you from
your traditional IRA (that you did not roll over). Your main
home was in Florida during the Florida Hurricane Idalia
(DR-4734-FL), which began August 27, 2023, and which
was declared as a major disaster August 31, 2023; and
Florida Hurricane Debby (DR-4806-FL), which began
August 1, 2024, and which was declared as a major
disaster August 10, 2024. You sustained economic losses
because of each of those disasters. The end dates for
making distributions for those disasters are February 26,
2024, and January 5, 2025, respectively. On January 5,
2024, and August 15, 2024, qualified disaster distributions
were made to you from your traditional IRA in the amount
of $22,000 and $11,000 that you reported on 2024 Form
8915-F (2023 disasters) and 2024 Form 8915-F (2024
disasters), respectively. $22,000 was the maximum
amount of qualified disaster distributions that could be
made for the 2023 disaster. In between those
distributions, in March 2024, a $5,500 distribution,
unrelated to a qualified disaster, was made to you from
your traditional IRA (that you did not roll over). You will
report total distributions of $38,500 on Form 8606, line 7.
You will then complete lines 8 through 14 as instructed.
Form 8606, line 15a, shows an amount of $35,000. You
will enter $30,000 ($35,000 × $33,000/$38,500) on
line 15b. You will also enter $20,000 ($30,000 ×
$22,000/$33,000) on 2024 Form 8915-F (2023 disasters),
line 18; and $10,000 ($30,000 × $11,000/$33,000) on
2024 Form 8915-F (2024 disasters), line 18.

taxable income you will enter on line 15c of your 2024
Form 8606. You do not have to complete the worksheet if:
• You didn’t report any qualified birth or adoption
distributions, emergency personal expense distributions,
domestic abuse distributions, and terminal illness
distributions on line 7 of your 2024 Form 8606; or
• You reported qualified birth or adoption distributions,
emergency personal expense distributions, domestic
abuse distributions, and/or terminal illness distributions on
line 7 of your 2024 Form 8606 but you didn’t repay any of
the distributions in 2024.

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Line 15c

If you were under age 591/2 at the time you received
distributions from your traditional, traditional SEP, or
traditional SIMPLE IRA, there is generally an additional
10% tax on the portion of the distribution that is included
in income (25% for a distribution from a traditional
SIMPLE or Roth SIMPLE IRA during the first 2 years of
your participation in the plan). See the instructions for
Schedule 2 (Form 1040), line 8; and the Instructions for
Form 5329.

Line 15c Worksheet
You will need to complete the Line 15c Worksheet if a
qualified birth or adoption distribution, emergency
personal expense distribution, domestic abuse
distribution, or terminal illness distribution was made to
you in 2024 and you repaid part or all of the distribution in
2024. You will enter on the Line 15c Worksheet, as
applicable, all the qualified birth or adoption distributions,
emergency personal expense distributions, domestic
abuse distributions, and terminal illness distributions that
were both made to you and repaid by you, in whole or
part, in 2024. The amount on line 9 of the worksheet is the
10

Example 1. In July 2024, a $7,500 distribution,
unrelated to a qualified disaster distribution, qualified birth
or adoption distribution, emergency personal expense
distribution, domestic abuse distribution, or terminal
illness distribution, was made to you from your traditional
IRA (that you did not roll over). Your child was born on
August 31, 2024. In September 2024, a qualified birth or
adoption distribution was made to you for that child from
your traditional IRA in the amount of $5,000. $5,000 is the
maximum amount of qualified birth or adoption
distributions that can be made for a child. No other
distributions were made to you in 2024. You will report
total distributions of $12,500 on your 2024 Form 8606,
line 7. You will then complete lines 8 through 14 as
instructed. Your 2024 Form 8606, line 15a, shows an
amount of $10,000. You repaid $3,000 of the qualified
birth or adoption distribution in December 2024 and
therefore must complete a Line 15c Worksheet to
determine the amount to place on line 15c of your Form
8606. To determine the amount on line 15c, you filled in
the lines of your Line 15c Worksheet as follows.
• Line 1: $10,000.
• Line 2: $12,500.
• Line 3a: $5,000.
• Line 3b: 0.4 ($5,000/$12,500).
• Line 3c: $4,000 ($10,000 x 0.4).
• Line 3d: $3,000.
• Line 3e: $3,000.
• Lines 4 through 6e: Skipped because distributions
described on those lines were not made to you in 2024.
• Line 7: $3,000.
• Line 8: $10,000 ($10,000 - 0)
• Line 9: $7,000.
Because you have entered $7,000 on line 9 of the
worksheet, you will enter $7,000 on line 15c of your 2024
Form 8606 and on line 4b of your Form 1040, 1040-SR, or
1040-NR, as applicable.
Example 2. The facts are the same as in Example 1
above, except, in December 2024, you repaid the entire
2024 qualified birth or adoption distribution (that is,
$5,000), instead of $3,000 of that distribution. Because
you repaid $5,000 of the qualified birth or adoption
distribution, you must complete a Line 15c Worksheet to
determine the amount to place on line 15c of your Form
8606. To determine the amount on line 15c, you filled in
the lines of your Line 15c Worksheet as follows.
• Line 1: $10,000.
• Line 2: $12,500.
• Line 3a: $5,000.
• Line 3b: 0.4 ($5,000/$12,500).
• Line 3c: $4,000 ($10,000 x 0.4).
• Line 3d: $7,000.
Instructions for Form 8606 (2024)

Line 15c Worksheet
Before You Begin

Did you repay, in 2024, qualified birth or adoption distributions, emergency personal expense distributions,
domestic abuse distributions, or terminal illness distributions that you reported on 2024 Form 8606, line 7?
[ ] Yes. Complete this worksheet.
[ ] No. Don't complete this worksheet. Enter on 2024 Form 8606, line 15c, the amount on 2024
Form 8606, line 15a, reduced by the amount on 2024 Form 8606, line 15b.

TREASURY/IRS
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October 9, 2024

TIP. If 2024 Form 8606, line 15a, is zero, enter –0– on 2024 Form 8606, line 15c. You do not need to complete this
worksheet.
1. Enter the amount from 2024 Form 8606, line 15a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Enter the amount from 2024 Form 8606, line 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Birth or adoption distribution repayments. Complete lines 3a through 3e only if, in 2024,
you repaid birth or adoption distributions you reported on 2024 Form 8606, line 7. If you do
not meet this requirement, skip to line 4 below . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a. Enter the total birth or adoption distributions reported on 2024 Form 8606, line 7 . . . . . . . . . . .
b. Enter line 3a divided by line 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c. Enter line 1 multiplied by line 3b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
d. Enter the total birth or adoption distribution repayments you made in 2024 for the
distributions on line 3a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
e. Enter the smaller of the amount on line 3c and the amount on line 3d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. Emergency personal expense distribution repayments. Complete lines 4a through 4e
only if, in 2024, you repaid emergency personal expense distributions you reported on 2024
Form 8606, line 7. If you do not meet this requirement, skip to line 5 below . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a. Enter the total emergency personal expense distributions reported on 2024 Form 8606,
line 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b. Enter line 4a divided by line 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c. Enter line 1 multiplied by line 4b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
d. Enter the total emergency personal expense distribution repayments you made in 2024 for
the distributions on line 4a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
e. Enter the smaller of the amount on line 4c and the amount on line 4d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. Domestic abuse distribution repayments. Complete lines 5a through 5e only if, in 2024,
you repaid domestic abuse distributions you reported on 2024 Form 8606, line 7. If you do
not meet this requirement, skip to line 6 below . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a. Enter the total domestic abuse distributions reported on 2024 Form 8606, line 7 . . . . . . . . . . .
b. Enter line 5a divided by line 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c. Enter line 1 multiplied by line 5b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
d. Enter the total domestic abuse distribution repayments you made in 2024 for the distributions
on line 5a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
e. Enter the smaller of the amount on line 5c and the amount on line 5d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. Terminal illness distribution repayments. Complete lines 6a through 6e only if, in 2024,
you repaid terminal illness distributions you reported on 2024 Form 8606, line 7. If you do not
meet this requirement, skip to line 7 below . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a. Enter the total terminal illness distributions reported on 2024 Form 8606, line 7 . . . . . . . . . . . .
b. Enter line 6a divided by line 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c. Enter line 1 multiplied by line 6b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
d. Enter the total terminal illness distribution repayments you made in 2024 for the distributions
on line 6a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
e. Enter the smaller of the amount on line 6c and the amount on line 6d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7. Enter the sum of lines 3e, 4e, 5e, and 6e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8. Enter the amount on 2024 Form 8606, line 15a, reduced by the amount on 2024 Form 8606,
line 15b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9. Line 15c: Taxable amount. Enter line 8 reduced by line 7, on line 9 here; on 2024 Form
8606, line 15c; and also on 2024 Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 4b, as
applicable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Note: You may be subject to an additional 10% tax on the amount on line 9 if you were under
age 59½ at the time of the distribution(s)

• Line 3e: $4,000.
Instructions for Form 8606 (2024)

1.
2.

3.
a.
b.
c.

d.
e.
4.

a.
b.
c.

d.
e.
5.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
6.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
7.
8.
9.

• Lines 4 through 6e: Skipped because distributions
described on those lines were not made to you in 2024.
11

• Line 7: $4,000.
• Line 8: $10,000 ($10,000 - 0)
• Line 9: $6,000.

Because you have entered $6,000 on line 9 of the
worksheet, you will enter $6,000 on line 15c of your 2024
Form 8606 and on line 4b of your Form 1040, 1040-SR, or
1040-NR, as applicable.
Example 3. In July 2024, a $7,500 domestic abuse
distribution was made to you from your traditional IRA.
The total you receive in domestic abuse distributions can’t
be more than the lesser of $10,000 or 50 percent of the
present value of the nonforfeitable accrued benefit of the
employee under the plan. Your child was born on August
31, 2024. In September 2024, a qualified birth or adoption
distribution was made to you for that child from your Roth
IRA in the amount of $5,000. $5,000 is the maximum
amount of qualified birth or adoption distributions that can
be made for a child. No other distributions were made to
you in 2024. You will report total distributions of $12,500
on your 2024 Form 8606, line 7. You will then complete
lines 8 through 14 as instructed. Your 2024 Form 8606,
line 15a, shows an amount of $8,000. You repaid $3,000
of the qualified birth or adoption distribution in December
2024 and therefore must complete a Line 15c Worksheet
to determine the amount to place on line 15c of your Form
8606. To determine the amount on line 15c, you filled in
the lines of your Line 15c Worksheet as follows.
• Line 1: $8,000.
• Line 2: $12,500.
• Line 3a: $5,000.
• Line 3b: 0.4 ($5,000/$12,500).
• Line 3c: $3,200 ($8,000 x 0.4).
• Line 3d: $3,000.
• Line 3e: $3,000.
• Lines 4 through 6e: Skipped because in 2024 you didn’t
repay any of the domestic abuse distributions and
because no emergency personal expense distributions or
terminal illness distributions were made to you in 2024
• Line 7: $3,000.
• Line 8: $8,000 ($8,000 - 0).
• Line 9: $5,000.
Because you have entered $5,000 on line 9 of the
worksheet, you will enter $5,000 on line 15c of your 2024
Form 8606 and on line 4b of your Form 1040, 1040-SR, or
1040-NR, as applicable.

Line 17

If you didn’t complete line 11, enter on line 17 the amount
from line 2 (or the amount you would have entered on
line 2 if you had completed that line) plus any
contributions included on line 1 that you made before the
conversion.

Line 18

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Part II—2024 Conversions From
Traditional, Traditional SEP, or
Traditional SIMPLE IRAs to Roth, Roth
SEP, or Roth SIMPLE IRAs

Complete Part II if you converted part or all of your
traditional, traditional SEP, or traditional SIMPLE IRAs to a
Roth, Roth SEP, or Roth SIMPLE IRA in 2024.

Line 16

If you didn’t complete line 8, see the instructions for that
line. Then, enter on line 16 the amount you would have
entered on line 8 had you completed it.

If your entry on line 18 is zero or less, don’t include the
result on 2024 Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 4b.
Include the full amount of the distribution on 2024 Form
1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 4a.

Part III—Distributions From Roth,
Roth SEP, or Roth SIMPLE IRAs

Complete Part III to figure the taxable part, if any, of your
2024 Roth, Roth SEP, or Roth SIMPLE IRA distributions.

Line 19

Don’t include on line 19 any of the following.
• Distributions that you rolled over, including distributions
made in 2024 and rolled over after December 31, 2024
(outstanding rollovers).
• Recharacterizations.
• Distributions that are a return of contributions under
Return of IRA Contributions, earlier.
• Distributions made on or after age 591/2 if you made a
contribution (including a conversion or a rollover from a
qualified retirement plan) for any year from 1998 through
2019.
• A one-time distribution to fund an HSA. For details, see
Pub. 969.
• Qualified charitable distributions (QCDs). For details,
see Are Distributions Taxable? in chapter 1 of Pub. 590-B.
• Distributions made upon death or due to disability if a
contribution was made (including a conversion or a
rollover from a qualified retirement plan) for any year from
1998 through 2019.
• Qualified distributions from Part IV of your 2024 Form(s)
8915-F, if any, you repaid in 2024 no later than the
deadline for repayment.
• Distributions that are incident to divorce. The transfer of
part or all of your Roth, Roth SEP, or Roth SIMPLE IRA to
your spouse under a divorce or separation agreement isn’t
taxable to you or your spouse.
Be sure to include on line 19 the distributions
made in 2024 that are described in Any 2024
CAUTION retirement plan distributions whose repayments
are treated as rollovers under Definitions, earlier, even if
they were later repaid, unless they fall under the 4th or 7th
bullet above.

!

If, after considering the items above, you don’t have an
amount to enter on line 19, don’t complete Part III; your
Roth, Roth SEP, or Roth SIMPLE IRA distribution(s) isn’t
taxable. Instead, include your total Roth, Roth SEP, or
Roth SIMPLE IRA distribution(s) on 2024 Form 1040,
1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 4a.

Line 20

If you had a qualified first-time homebuyer distribution
from your Roth, Roth SEP, or Roth SIMPLE IRA and you

12

Instructions for Form 8606 (2024)

made a contribution (including a conversion or a rollover
from a qualified retirement plan) to a Roth IRA for any year
from 1998 through 2019, enter the amount of your
qualified expenses on line 20, but don’t enter more than
$10,000 reduced by the total of all your prior qualified
first-time homebuyer distributions. For details, see Are
Distributions Taxable? in chapter 2 of Pub. 590-B.

Line 22

SEP, or Roth SIMPLE IRA for 2008, 2009, and 2011
through 2024 reported on your Form 1040, 1040-SR,
1040A, or 1040-NR, and for 2010 reported on line 21 of
your Form 8606. Don’t include amounts rolled in from a
designated Roth, Roth SEP, or Roth SIMPLE account
because these amounts are included on line 22.
• Increase or decrease the amount on line 24 by any
basis in conversions to Roth, Roth SEP, or Roth SIMPLE
IRAs and amounts rolled over from a qualified retirement
plan to a Roth, Roth SEP, or Roth SIMPLE IRA received or
transferred incident to divorce. Also attach a statement
similar to the one explained in the last bulleted item under
Line 7, earlier.

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Figure the amount to enter on line 22 as follows.
• If you didn’t take a Roth IRA distribution before 2024
(other than an amount rolled over or recharacterized or a
returned contribution), enter on line 22 the total of all your
regular contributions to Roth or Roth SIMPLE IRAs for
1998 through 2023 (excluding rollovers from other Roth,
Roth SEP, or Roth SIMPLE IRAs and any contributions
that you had returned to you), adjusted for any
recharacterizations.
• If you did take such a distribution before 2024, see the
Basis in Regular Roth IRA Contributions Worksheet to
figure the amount to enter.
• Increase the amount on line 22 by any amount rolled in
from a designated Roth, Roth SEP, or Roth SIMPLE
account that is treated as investment in the contract.
• Increase or decrease the amount on line 22 by any
basis in regular contributions received or transferred
incident to divorce. Also attach a statement similar to the
one explained in the last bulleted item under Line 7,
earlier.
• Increase the amount on line 22 by the amounts
received as a military gratuity or Servicemembers’ Group
Life Insurance (SGLI) payment that was rolled over to your
Roth, Roth SEP, or Roth SIMPLE IRA.

Line 23

Generally, there is an additional 10% tax on 2024
distributions from a Roth or Roth SEP IRA (25% tax on
distributions from a Roth SIMPLE IRA) that are shown on
line 23. You will need to complete lines 1 through 4 of
Form 5329 to determine the amounts from the Roth, Roth
SEP, or Roth SIMPLE IRAs that are subject to the
additional tax. See the instructions for Form 5329, Part I,
for details and exceptions.

Line 24

Figure the amount to enter on line 24 as follows.
• If you have never made a Roth, Roth SEP, or Roth
SIMPLE IRA conversion or rolled over an amount from a
qualified retirement plan to a Roth, Roth SEP, or Roth
SIMPLE IRA, enter -0- on line 24.
• If you took a Roth IRA distribution (other than an
amount rolled over or recharacterized or a returned
contribution) before 2024 in excess of your basis in regular
Roth IRA contributions, see the Basis in Roth IRA
Conversions and Rollovers From Qualified Retirement
Plans to Roth IRAs chart to figure the amount to enter on
line 24.
• If you didn’t take such a distribution before 2024, enter
on line 24 the total of all your conversions to Roth IRAs.
These amounts are shown on line 14c of your 1998, 1999,
and 2000 Forms 8606 and line 16 of your 2001 through
2023 Forms 8606. Also include on line 24 any amounts
rolled over from a qualified retirement plan to a Roth, Roth
Instructions for Form 8606 (2024)

Line 25b

If you have no qualified disaster distributions in 2024 from
a Roth, Roth SEP, or Roth SIMPLE IRA, enter -0- on
line 25b. If all your distributions in 2024 from Roth, Roth
SEP, or Roth SIMPLE IRAs are qualified disaster
distributions, enter the amount from line 25a on line 25b. If
you have distributions in 2024 unrelated to qualified
disasters, as well as qualified disaster distributions, you
will need to multiply the amount on line 25a by a fraction.
The numerator of the fraction is your total qualified
disaster distributions, and the denominator is the amount
from Form 8606, line 21.

Example 1. In July 2024, an $11,000 distribution,
unrelated to a qualified disaster, qualified birth or adoption
distribution, emergency personal expense distribution,
domestic abuse distribution, or terminal illness
distribution, was made to you from your traditional IRA
(that you did not roll over). Your main home was in Florida
during the Florida Hurricane Debby (DR-4806-FL), which
began August 1, 2024, and which was declared as a
major disaster on August 10, 2024. You sustained an
economic loss because of that disaster. The end date for
making distributions for this disaster is January 5, 2025. In
September 2024, a qualified disaster distribution was
made to you from your Roth IRA in the amount of $22,000
that you reported on 2024 Form 8915-F (2024 disasters).
$22,000 was the maximum amount of qualified disaster
distributions that could be made for that disaster. You will
report total distributions of $33,000 on Form 8606, line 19.
You have no first-time homebuyer expenses reported on
line 20, so you would also enter $33,000 on line 21. You
will then complete lines 22 through 24 as instructed. Form
8606, line 25a, shows an amount of $30,000. You will
enter $20,000 ($30,000 × $22,000/$33,000) on line 25b.
You will also enter $20,000 on 2024 Form 8915-F (2024
disasters), line 19.
Example 2. In February 2024, a $5,500 distribution,
unrelated to a qualified disaster, was made to you from
your traditional IRA (that you did not roll over). Your main
home was in Florida during the Florida Hurricane Idalia
(DR-4734-FL), which began August 27, 2023, and which
was declared as a major disaster August 31, 2023; and
Florida Hurricane Debby (DR-4806-FL), which began
August 1, 2024, and which was declared as a major
disaster August 10, 2024. You sustained economic losses
because of each of those disasters. The end dates for
making distributions for those disasters are February 26,
2024, and January 5, 2025, respectively. On January 5,
2024, and August 15, 2024, qualified disaster distributions
13

were made to you from your Roth IRA in the amount of
$22,000 and $11,000 that you reported on 2023 Form
8915-F (2023 disasters) and 2024 Form 8915-F (2024
disasters), respectively. $22,000 was the maximum
amount of qualified disaster distributions that could be
made for the 2023 disaster. In between those
distributions, in March 2024, a $5,500 distribution,
unrelated to a qualified disaster, was made to you from
your Roth IRA (that you did not roll over). You will report
total distributions of $38,500 on Form 8606, line 19. You
have no first-time homebuyer expenses reported on
line 20, so you would also enter $38,500 on line 21. You
will then complete lines 22 through 24 as instructed. Form
8606, line 25a, shows an amount of $35,000. You will
enter $30,000 ($35,000 × $33,000/$38,500) on line 25b.
You will also enter $20,000 ($30,000 × $22,000/$33,000)
on 2024 Form 8915-F (2023 disasters), line 19; and
$10,000 ($30,000 × $11,000/$33,000) on 2024 Form
8915-F (2024 disasters), line 19.

qualified birth or adoption distributions that can be made
for a child. No other distributions were made to you in
2024. You will report total distributions of $12,500 on your
2024 Form 8606, line 19. You have no first-time
homebuyer expenses reported on your 2024 Form 8606,
line 20, so you would also enter $12,500 on your 2024
Form, 8606, line 21. You will then complete lines 22
through 24 as instructed. Your 2024 Form 8606, line 25a,
shows an amount of $10,000. You repaid $3,000 of the
qualified birth or adoption distribution in December 2024
and therefore must complete a Line 25c Worksheet to
determine the amount to place on line 25c of your Form
8606. To determine the amount on line 25c, you filled in
the lines of your Line 25c Worksheet as follows.
• Line 1: $10,000.
• Line 2: $12,500.
• Line 3a: $5,000.
• Line 3b: 0.4 ($5,000/$12,500).
• Line 3c: $4,000 ($10,000 x 0.4).
• Line 3d: $3,000.
• Line 3e: $3,000.
• Lines 4 through 6e: Skipped because distributions
described on those lines were not made to you in 2024.
• Line 7: $3,000.
• Line 8: $10,000 ($10,000 - 0).
• Line 9: $7,000.
Because you have entered $7,000 on line 9 of the
worksheet, you will enter $7,000 on line 25c of your 2024
Form 8606 and on line 4b of your Form 1040, 1040-SR, or
1040-NR, as applicable.

TREASURY/IRS
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October 9, 2024

Line 25c

If you were under age 591/2 at the time you received
distributions from your Roth, Roth SEP, or Roth SIMPLE
IRA, there is generally an additional 10% tax on the
portion of the distribution that is included in income (25%
for a distribution from a traditional SIMPLE or Roth
SIMPLE IRA during the first 2 years of your participation in
the plan). See the instructions for Schedule 2 (Form
1040), line 8; and the Instructions for Form 5329.

Line 25c Worksheet

You will need to complete the Line 25c Worksheet if a
qualified birth or adoption distribution, emergency
personal expense distribution, domestic abuse
distribution, or terminal illness distribution was made to
you in 2024 and you repaid part or all of the distribution in
2024. You will enter on the Line 25c Worksheet, as
applicable, all the qualified birth or adoption distributions,
emergency personal expense distributions, domestic
abuse distributions, and terminal illness distributions that
were both made to you and repaid by you, in whole or
part, in 2024. The amount on line 9 of the worksheet is the
taxable income you will enter on line 25c of your 2024
Form 8606. You do not have to complete the worksheet if:
• You didn’t report any qualified birth or adoption
distributions, emergency personal expense distributions,
domestic abuse distributions, and terminal illness
distributions on line 19 of your 2024 Form 8606; or
• You reported qualified birth or adoption distributions,
emergency personal expense distributions, domestic
abuse distributions, and/or terminal illness distributions on
line 19 of your 2024 Form 8606 but you didn’t repay any of
the distributions in 2024.
Example 1. In July 2024, a $7,500 distribution,
unrelated to a qualified birth or adoption distribution,
emergency personal expense distribution, domestic
abuse distribution, or terminal illness distribution, was
made to you from your traditional IRA (that you did not roll
over). Your child was born on August 31, 2024. In
September 2024, a qualified birth or adoption distribution
was made to you for that child from your Roth IRA in the
amount of $5,000. $5,000 is the maximum amount of
14

Example 2. The facts are the same as in Example 1
above, except, in December 2024, you repaid the entire
2024 qualified birth or adoption distribution (that is,
$5,000), instead of $3,000 of that distribution. Because
you repaid $5,000 of the qualified birth or adoption
distribution, you must complete a Line 25c Worksheet to
determine the amount to place on line 25c of your Form
8606. To determine the amount on line 25c, you filled in
the lines of your Line 25c Worksheet as follows.
• Line 1: $10,000.
• Line 2: $12,500.
• Line 3a: $5,000.
• Line 3b: 0.4 ($5,000/$12,500).
• Line 3c: $4,000 ($10,000 x 0.4).
• Line 3d: $7,000.
• Line 3e: $4,000.
• Lines 4 through 6e: Skipped because distributions
described on those lines were not made to you in 2024.
• Line 7: $4,000.
• Line 8: $10,000 ($10,000 - 0).
• Line 9: $6,000.
Because you have entered $6,000 on line 9 of the
worksheet, you will enter $6,000 on line 25c of your 2024
Form 8606 and on line 4b of your Form 1040, 1040-SR, or
1040-NR, as applicable.

Example 3. In July 2024, a $7,500 domestic abuse
distribution was made to you from your Roth IRA. The total
you receive in domestic abuse distributions can’t be more
than the lesser of $10,000 or 50 percent of the present
value of the nonforfeitable accrued benefit of the
employee under the plan. Your child was born on August
31, 2024. In September 2024, a qualified birth or adoption
distribution was made to you for that child from your Roth
Instructions for Form 8606 (2024)

Line 25c Worksheet
Before You Begin
Did you repay, in 2024, qualified birth or adoption distributions, emergency personal expense distributions,
domestic abuse distributions, or terminal illness distributions that you reported on 2024 Form 8606, line 19?
[ ] Yes. Complete this worksheet.
[ ] No. Don't complete this worksheet. Enter on 2024 Form 8606, line 25c, the amount on 2024
Form 8606, line 25a, reduced by the amount on 2024 Form 8606, line 25b.

TREASURY/IRS
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ONLY DRAFT
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TIP. If 2024 Form 8606, line 25a, is zero, enter –0– on 2024 Form 8606, line 25c. You do not need to complete this
worksheet.
1. Enter the amount from 2024 Form 8606, line 25a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Enter the amount from 2024 Form 8606, line 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Birth or adoption distribution repayments. Complete lines 3a through 3e only if, in 2024,
you repaid birth or adoption distributions you reported on 2024 Form 8606, line 19. If you do
not meet this requirement, skip to line 4 below . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a. Enter the total birth or adoption distributions reported on 2024 Form 8606, line 19 . . . . . . . . . .
b. Enter line 3a divided by line 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c. Enter line 1 multiplied by line 3b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
d. Enter the total birth or adoption distribution repayments you made in 2024 for the distributions
on line 3a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
e. Enter the smaller of the amount on line 3c and the amount on line 3d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. Emergency personal expense distribution repayments. Complete lines 4a through 4e
only if, in 2024, you repaid emergency personal expense distributions you reported on 2024
Form 8606, line 19. If you do not meet this requirement, skip to line 5 below . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a. Enter the total emergency personal expense distributions reported on 2024 Form 8606,
line 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b. Enter line 4a divided by line 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c. Enter line 1 multiplied by line 4b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
d. Enter the total emergency personal expense distribution repayments you made in 2024 for
the distributions on line 4a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
e. Enter the smaller of the amount on line 4c and the amount on line 4d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. Domestic abuse distribution repayments. Complete lines 5a through 5e only if, in 2024,
you repaid domestic abuse distributions you reported on 2024 Form 8606, line 19. If you do
not meet this requirement, skip to line 6 below . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a. Enter the total domestic abuse distributions reported on 2024 Form 8606, line 19 . . . . . . . . . . .
b. Enter line 5a divided by line 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c. Enter line 1 multiplied by line 5b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
d. Enter the total domestic abuse distribution repayments you made in 2024 for the distributions
on line 5a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
e. Enter the smaller of the amount on line 5c and the amount on line 5d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. Terminal illness distribution repayments. Complete lines 6a through 6e only if, in 2024,
you repaid terminal illness distributions you reported on 2024 Form 8606, line 19. If you do
not meet this requirement, skip to line 7 below . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
a. Enter the total terminal illness distributions reported on 2024 Form 8606, line 19 . . . . . . . . . . . .
b. Enter line 6a divided by line 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c. Enter line 1 multiplied by line 6b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
d. Enter the total terminal illness distribution repayments you made in 2024 for the distributions
on line 6a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
e. Enter the smaller of the amount on line 6c and the amount on line 6d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7. Enter the sum of lines 3e, 4e, 5e, and 6e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8. Enter the amount on 2024 Form 8606, line 25a, reduced by the amount on 2024 Form 8606,
line 25b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9. Line 25c: Taxable amount. Enter line 8 reduced by line 7, on line 9 here; on 2024 Form
8606, line 25c; and also on 2024 Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 4b, as
applicable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Note: You may be subject to an additional 10% tax on the amount on line 9 if you were under
age 59½ at the time of the distribution(s).
IRA in the amount of $5,000. $5,000 is the maximum
amount of qualified birth or adoption distributions that can
Instructions for Form 8606 (2024)

1.
2.

3.
a.
b.
c.

d.
e.
4.

a.
b.
c.

d.
e.
5.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
6.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
7.
8.
9.

be made for a child. No other distributions were made to
you in 2024. You will report total distributions of $12,500
15

on your 2024 Form 8606, line 19. You have no first-time
homebuyer expenses reported on your 2024 Form 8606,
line 20, so you would also enter $12,500 on your 2024
Form, 8606, line 21. You will then complete lines 22
through 24 as instructed. Your 2024 Form 8606, line 25a,
shows an amount of $8,000. You repaid $3,000 of the
qualified birth or adoption distribution in December 2024
and therefore must complete a Line 25c Worksheet to
determine the amount to place on line 25c of your Form
8606. To determine the amount on line 25c, you filled in
the lines of your Line 25c Worksheet as follows.
• Line 1: $8,000.
• Line 2: $12,500.
• Line 3a: $5,000.
• Line 3b: 0.4 ($5,000/$12,500).
• Line 3c: $3,200 ($8,000 x 0.4).
• Line 3d: $3,000.
• Line 3e: $3,000.
• Lines 4 through 6e: Skipped because in 2024 you didn’t
repay any of the domestic abuse distributions and
because no emergency personal expense distributions or
terminal illness distributions were made to you in 2024
• Line 7: $3,000.
• Line 8: $8,000 ($8,000 - 0).
• Line 9: $5,000.
Because you have entered $5,000 on line 9 of the
worksheet, you will enter $5,000 on line 25c of your 2024
Form 8606 and on line 4b of your Form 1040, 1040-SR, or
1040-NR, as applicable.

information to ensure that you are complying with these
laws and to allow us to figure and collect the right amount
of tax. You are required to give us this information if you
made certain contributions or received certain
distributions from qualified plans, including IRAs and other
tax-favored accounts. Our legal right to ask for the
information requested on this form is sections 6001, 6011,
6012(a), and 6109 and their regulations. If you do not
provide this information, or you provide incomplete or false
information, you may be subject to penalties.

TREASURY/IRS
AND OMB USE
ONLY DRAFT
October 9, 2024

Privacy Act and Paperwork Reduction
Act Notice
We ask for the information on this form to carry out the
Internal Revenue laws of the United States. We need this

16

You are not required to provide the information
requested on a form that is subject to the Paperwork
Reduction Act unless the form displays a valid OMB
control number. Books or records relating to a form or its
instructions must be retained as long as their contents
may become material in the administration of any Internal
Revenue law. Generally, tax returns and return information
are confidential, as required by section 6103. However, we
may give the information to the Department of Justice for
civil and criminal litigation, and to cities, states, the District
of Columbia, and U.S. commonwealths and territories to
carry out their tax laws. We may also disclose this
information to other countries under a tax treaty, to federal
and state agencies to enforce federal nontax criminal
laws, or to federal law enforcement and intelligence
agencies to combat terrorism.
The average time and expenses required to complete
and file this form will vary depending on individual
circumstances. For the estimated averages, see the
instructions for your income tax return.
If you have suggestions for making this form simpler,
we would be happy to hear from you. See the instructions
for your income tax return.

Instructions for Form 8606 (2024)

Before you begin, see the line 22 worksheet and line 24 chart below.

Basis in Regular Roth IRA Contributions Worksheet—Line 22
Before you begin: You will need your Form 8606 for the most recent year prior to 2024 when you received a distribution.
Note. Don’t complete this worksheet if you never received a distribution from your Roth IRAs prior to 2024.
1. Enter the most recent year prior to 2024 you reported distributions on
Form 8606 (for example, 2 0 2 0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.
2. Enter your basis in Roth IRA contributions reported on Form 8606 for the
year entered on line 1 (see Table 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Enter your Roth IRA distributions* reported on Form 8606 for the year
entered on line 1 (see Table 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. Subtract line 3 from line 2. Enter -0- if the resulting amount is zero or
less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. Enter the total of all your regular contributions** to Roth IRAs after the
year entered on line 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. Add lines 4 and 5. Enter this amount on your 2024 Form 8606,
line 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

TREASURY/IRS
AND OMB USE
ONLY DRAFT
October 9, 2024

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

* Excluding rollovers, recharacterizations, and contributions that you had returned to you.
** Excluding rollovers, conversions, and any contributions that you had returned to you.

Table 1 for Line 2 Above

THEN enter on line 2 the amount from . . .

IF the year entered on line 1 was . . .

2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012,
2011, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005, or 2004

Form 8606, line 22.

2010

Form 8606, line 29.

2003, 2002, 2001

Form 8606, line 20.

2000 or 1999

Form 8606, line 18d.

1998

Form 8606, line 19c.

Table 2 for Line 3 Above
IF the year entered on line 1 was . . .

THEN enter on line 3 the amount from . . .

2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012,
2011, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, or 2001

Form 8606, line 19.

2010

Form 8606, line 26.

2000 or 1999

Form 8606, line 17.

1998

Form 8606, line 18.

Instructions for Form 8606 (2024)

17

Basis in Roth IRA Conversions and Rollovers From Qualified Retirement Plans
to Roth IRAs—Line 24
IF the most recent year prior to 2024 in
which you had a distribution1 in excess of
your basis in contributions was . . .

THEN enter on Form 8606, line 24 . . .

PLUS the sum of the amounts on . . .

2023
(your 2023 Form 8606, line 22, was less than
line 19 of that Form 8606)

the excess, if any, of your 2023 Form 8606, line 24, over
line 232 of that Form 8606

line 16 of your 2024 Form 8606 and
certain rollovers3 reported on your 2024
return.

2022
(your 2022 Form 8606, line 22, was less than
line 19 of that Form 8606)

the excess, if any, of your 2022 Form 8606, line 24, over
line 232 of that Form 8606

line 16 of your 2023 and 2024 Forms
8606 and certain rollovers3 reported on
your 2023 and 2024 returns.

2021
(your 2021 Form 8606, line 22, was less than
line 19 of that Form 8606)

the excess, if any, of your 2021 Form 8606, line 24, over
line 232 of that Form 8606

line 16 of your 2022 through 2024
Forms 8606 and certain rollovers3
reported on your 2022 through 2024
returns.

2020
(your 2020 Form 8606, line 22, was less than
line 19 of that Form 8606)

the excess, if any, of your 2020 Form 8606, line 24, over
line 232 of that Form 8606

line 16 of your 2021 through 2024
Forms 8606 and certain rollovers3
reported on your 2021 through 2024
returns.

2019
(your 2019 Form 8606, line 22, was less than
line 19 of that Form 8606)

the excess, if any, of your 2019 Form 8606, line 24, over
line 232 of that Form 8606

line 16 of your 2020 through 2024
Forms 8606 and certain rollovers3
reported on your 2020 through 2024
returns.

2018
(your 2018 Form 8606, line 22, was less than
line 19 of that Form 8606)

the excess, if any, of your 2018 Form 8606, line 24, over
line 232 of that Form 8606

line 16 of your 2019 through 2024
Forms 8606 and certain rollovers3
reported on your 2019 through 2024 tax
returns.

2017
(your 2017 Form 8606, line 22, was less than
line 19 of that Form 8606)

the excess, if any, of your 2017 Form 8606, line 24, over
line 232 of that Form 8606

line 16 of your 2018 through 2024
Forms 8606 and certain rollovers3
reported on your 2018 through 2024 tax
returns.

2016
(your 2016 Form 8606, line 22, was less than
line 19 of that Form 8606)

the excess, if any, of your 2016 Form 8606, line 24, over
line 232 of that Form 8606

line 16 of your 2017 through 2024
Forms 8606 and certain rollovers3
reported on your 2017 through 2024 tax
returns.

2015
(your 2015 Form 8606, line 22, was less than
line 19 of that Form 8606)

the excess, if any, of your 2015 Form 8606, line 24, over
line 232 of that Form 8606

line 16 of your 2016 through 2024
Forms 8606 and certain rollovers3
reported on your 2016 through 2024 tax
returns.

2014
(your 2014 Form 8606, line 22, was less than
line 19 of that Form 8606)

the excess, if any, of your 2014 Form 8606, line 24, over
line 232 of that Form 8606

line 16 of your 2015 through 2024
Forms 8606 and certain rollovers3
reported on your 2015 through 2024 tax
returns.

2013
(your 2013 Form 8606, line 22, was less than
line 19 of that Form 8606)

the excess, if any, of your 2013 Form 8606, line 24, over
line 232 of that Form 8606

line 16 of your 2014 through 2024
Forms 8606 and certain rollovers3
reported on your 2014 through 2024 tax
returns.

2012
(your 2012 Form 8606, line 22, was less than
line 19 of that Form 8606)

the excess, if any, of your 2012 Form 8606, line 24, over
line 232 of that Form 8606

line 16 of your 2013 through 2024
Forms 8606 and certain rollovers3
reported on your 2013 through 2024 tax
returns.

2011
(your 2011 Form 8606, line 22, was less than
line 19 of that Form 8606)

the excess, if any, of your 2011 Form 8606, line 24, over
line 232 of that Form 8606

line 16 of your 2012 through 2024
Forms 8606 and certain rollovers3
reported on your 2012 through 2024 tax
returns.

TREASURY/IRS
AND OMB USE
ONLY DRAFT
October 9, 2024

2010
(your 2010 Form 8606, line 29, was less than
line 26 of that Form 8606)

the excess, if any, of your 2010 Form 8606, line 31, over
line 30 of that Form 8606
(refigure line 30 without taking into account any amount
entered on Form 8606, line 27)

line 16 of your 2011 through 2024
Forms 8606 and certain rollovers3
reported on your 2011 through 2024 tax
returns;
OR
line 16 of your 2011 through 2024
Forms 8606; lines 16 and 21 of your
2010 Form 86064 if you didn’t check the
box on line 19 or 24 of your 2010 Form
8606; and certain rollovers3 reported on
your 2011 through 2024 tax returns.

2009
(your 2009 Form 8606, line 22, was less than
line 19 of that Form 8606)

the excess, if any, of your 2009 Form 8606, line 24, over
line 232 of that Form 8606

line 16 of your 2010 through 2024
Forms 8606; line 21 of your 2010 Form
8606;4 and certain rollovers3 reported
on your 2011 through 2024 tax returns.

2008
(your 2008 Form 8606, line 22, was less than
line 19 of that Form 8606)

the excess, if any, of your 2008 Form 8606, line 24, over
line 232 of that Form 8606

line 16 of your 2009 through 2024
Forms 8606; line 21 of your 2010 Form
8606;4 and certain rollovers3 reported
on your 2009 and 2011 through 2024
tax returns.

1

Excluding rollovers, recharacterizations, and contributions that you had returned to you.

2

Refigure line 23 without taking into account any amount entered on Form 8606, line 20.

Amounts rolled over from qualified retirement plans to Roth, Roth SEP, or Roth SIMPLE IRAs from your Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 5a, for 2020 through
2024 returns; Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 4c, for 2019 returns; Form 1040, line 4a, for 2018 returns, and line 16a for 2017 and earlier returns; Form 1040A, line 12a
(Form 1040A was retired in 2018); or Form 1040-NR, line 17a, for 2019 and earlier returns. Roth SEP and Roth SIMPLE IRAs were introduced on January 1, 2023.
3

4

Don’t include any in-plan Roth rollovers entered on line 21.

18

Instructions for Form 8606 (2024)

Basis in Roth IRA Conversions and Rollovers From Qualified Retirement Plans
to Roth IRAs—Line 24 (continued)
IF the most recent year prior to 2024 in
which you had a distribution1 in excess of
your basis in contributions was . . .

THEN enter on Form 8606, line 24 . . .

PLUS the sum of the amounts on . . .

2007
(your 2007 Form 8606, line 22, was less than
line 19 of that Form 8606)

the excess, if any, of your 2007 Form 8606, line 24, over
line 232 of that Form 8606

line 16 of your 2008 through 2024
Forms 8606; line 21 of your 2010 Form
8606;4 and certain rollovers3 reported
on your 2008, 2009, and 2011 through
2024 tax returns.

2006
(your 2006 Form 8606, line 22, was less than
line 19 of that Form 8606)

the excess, if any, of your 2006 Form 8606, line 24, over
line 232 of that Form 8606

line 16 of your 2007 through 2024
Forms 8606; line 21 of your 2010 Form
8606;4 and certain rollovers3 reported
on your 2008, 2009, and 2011 through
2024 tax returns.

2005
(your 2005 Form 8606, line 22, was less than
line 19 of that Form 8606)

the excess, if any, of your 2005 Form 8606, line 24, over
line 232 of that Form 8606

line 16 of your 2006 through 2024
Forms 8606; line 21 of your 2010 Form
8606;4 and certain rollovers3 reported
on your 2008, 2009, and 2011 through
2024 tax returns.

2004
(your 2004 Form 8606, line 22, was less than
line 19 of that Form 8606)

the excess, if any, of your 2004 Form 8606, line 24, over
line 232 of that Form 8606

line 16 of your 2005 through 2024
Forms 8606; line 21 of your 2010 Form
8606;4 and certain rollovers3 reported
on your 2008, 2009, and 2011 through
2024 tax returns.

2003
(you had an amount on your 2003 Form 8606,
line 21)

the excess, if any, of your 2003 Form 8606, line 22, over
line 21 of that Form 8606

line 16 of your 2004 through 2024
Forms 8606; line 21 of your 2010 Form
8606;4 and certain rollovers3 reported
on your 2008, 2009, and 2011 through
2024 tax returns.

2002
(you had an amount on your 2002 Form 8606,
line 21)

the excess, if any, of your 2002 Form 8606, line 22, over
line 21 of that Form 8606

line 16 of your 2003 through 2024
Forms 8606; line 21 of your 2010 Form
8606;4 and certain rollovers3 reported
on your 2008, 2009, and 2011 through
2024 tax returns.

2001
(you had an amount on your 2001 Form 8606,
line 21)

the excess, if any, of your 2001 Form 8606, line 22, over
line 21 of that Form 8606

line 16 of your 2002 through 2024
Forms 8606; line 21 of your 2010 Form
8606;4 and certain rollovers3 reported
on your 2008, 2009, and 2011 through
2024 tax returns.

2000
(you had an amount on your 2000 Form 8606,
line 19)

the excess, if any, of your 2000 Form 8606, line 25, over
line 19 of that Form 8606

line 16 of your 2001 through 2024
Forms 8606; line 21 of your 2010 Form
8606;4 and certain rollovers3 reported
on your 2008, 2009, and 2011 through
2024 tax returns.

the excess, if any, of your 1999 Form 8606, line 25, over
line 19 of that Form 8606

line 14c of your 2000 Form 8606;
line 16 of your 2001 through 2024
Forms 8606; line 21 of your 2010 Form
8606;4 and certain rollovers3 reported
on your 2008, 2009, and 2011 through
2024 tax returns.

the excess, if any, of your 1998 Form 8606, line 14c, over
line 20 of that Form 8606

line 14c of your 1999 and 2000 Forms
8606; line 16 of your 2001 through
2024 Forms 8606; line 21 of your 2010
Form 8606;4 and certain rollovers3
reported on your 2008, 2009, and 2011
through 2024 tax returns.

the amount from your 2023 Form 8606, line 16

line 14c of your 1998 through 2000
Forms 8606; line 16 of your 2001
through 2024 Forms 8606; line 21 of
your 2010 Form 8606;4 and certain
rollovers3 reported on your 2008, 2009,
and 2011 through 2024 tax returns.

TREASURY/IRS
AND OMB USE
ONLY DRAFT
October 9, 2024

1999
(you had an amount on your 1999 Form 8606,
line 19)

1998
(you had an amount on your 1998 Form 8606,
line 20)

Didn’t have such a distribution in excess of
your basis in contributions
1

Excluding rollovers, recharacterizations, and contributions that you had returned to you.

2

Refigure line 23 without taking into account any amount entered on Form 8606, line 20.

3

Amounts rolled over from qualified retirement plans to Roth, Roth SEP, or Roth SIMPLE IRAs from your Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 5a, for 2020 through
2024 returns; Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 4c, for 2019 returns; Form 1040, line 4a, for 2018 returns, and line 16a for 2017 and earlier returns; Form 1040A,
line 12a (Form 1040A was retired in 2018); or Form 1040-NR, line 17a, for 2019 and earlier returns. Roth SEP and Roth SIMPLE IRAs were introduced on January
1, 2023.

4

Don’t include any in-plan Roth rollovers entered on line 21.

Instructions for Form 8606 (2024)

19