40 CFR Part 60 Subpart VVV

40 CFR Part 60 Subpart VVV (up to date as of 12/23/2024)
Standards of Performance for Polymeric Coating of Supporting Substrates...

40 CFR Part 60 Subpart VVV (Dec. 23, 2024)

This content is from the eCFR and is authoritative but unofficial.

Title 40 —Protection of Environment
Chapter I —Environmental Protection Agency
Subchapter C —Air Programs
Part 60 —Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.
Source: 36 FR 24877, Dec. 23, 1971, unless otherwise noted.

Subpart VVV Standards of Performance for Polymeric Coating of Supporting Substrates
Facilities
§ 60.740 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
§ 60.741 Definitions, symbols, and cross-reference tables.
§ 60.742 Standards for volatile organic compounds.
§ 60.743 Compliance provisions.
§ 60.744 Monitoring requirements.
§ 60.745 Test methods and procedures.
§ 60.746 Permission to use alternative means of emission limitation.
§ 60.747 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
§ 60.748 Delegation of authority.
Subpart VVV—Standards of Performance for Polymeric Coating of Supporting Substrates
Facilities
Source: 54 FR 37551, Sept. 11, 1989, unless otherwise noted.

§ 60.740 Applicability and designation of affected facility.
(a) The affected facility to which the provisions of this subpart apply is each coating operation and any onsite
coating mix preparation equipment used to prepare coatings for the polymeric coating of supporting
substrates.
(b) Any affected facility for which the amount of VOC used is less than 95 Mg per 12-month period is subject
only to the requirements of §§ 60.744(b), 60.747(b), and 60.747(c). If the amount of VOC used is 95 Mg or
greater per 12-month period, the facility is subject to all the requirements of this subpart. Once a facility
has become subject to the requirements of this subpart, it will remain subject to those requirements
regardless of changes in annual VOC use.
(c) This subpart applies to any affected facility for which construction, modification, or reconstruction begins
after April 30, 1987, except for the facilities specified in paragraph (d) of this section.
(d) This subpart does not apply to the following:

40 CFR 60.740(d) (enhanced display)

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40 CFR Part 60 Subpart VVV (up to date as of 12/23/2024)
Standards of Performance for Polymeric Coating of Supporting Substrates...

40 CFR 60.740(d)(1)

(1) Coating mix preparation equipment used to manufacture coatings at one plant for shipment to
another plant for use in an affected facility (coating operation) or for sale to another company for
use in an affected facility (coating operation);
(2) Coating mix preparation equipment or coating operations during those times they are used to
prepare or apply waterborne coatings so long as the VOC content of the coating does not exceed 9
percent by weight of the volatile fraction;
(3) Web coating operations that print an image on the surface of the substrate or any coating applied on
the same printing line that applies the image.

§ 60.741 Definitions, symbols, and cross-reference tables.
(a) All terms used in this subpart not defined below have the meaning given to them in the Act and in subpart
A of this part.
Coating applicator means any apparatus used to apply a coating to a continuous substrate.
Coating mix preparation equipment means all mixing vessels in which solvent and other materials are
blended to prepare polymeric coatings.
Coating operation means any coating applicator(s), flashoff area(s), and drying oven(s) located between a
substrate unwind station and a rewind station that coats a continuous web to produce a substrate
with a polymeric coating. Should the coating process not employ a rewind station, the end of the
coating operation is after the last drying oven in the process.
Common emission control device means a device controlling emissions from an affected coating operation
as well as from any other emission source.
Concurrent means the period of time in which construction of an emission control device serving an
affected facility is commenced or completed, beginning 6 months prior to the date that construction
of the affected facility commences and ending 2 years after the date that construction of the
affected facility is completed.
Control device means any apparatus that reduces the quantity of a pollutant emitted to the air.
Cover means, with respect to coating mix preparation equipment, a device that fits over the equipment
opening to prevent emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from escaping.
Drying oven means a chamber within which heat is used to dry a surface coating; drying may be the only
process or one of multiple processes performed in the chamber.
Equivalent diameter means four times the area of an opening divided by its perimeter.
Flashoff area means the portion of a coating operation between the coating applicator and the drying oven
where VOC begins to evaporate from the coated substrate.
Natural draft opening means any opening in a room, building, or total enclosure that remains open during
operation of the facility and that is not connected to a duct in which a fan is installed. The rate and
direction of the natural draft across such an opening is a consequence of the difference in pressures
on either side of the wall or barrier containing the opening.
Nominal 1-month period means a calendar month or, if established prior to the performance test in a
statement submitted with notification of anticipated startup pursuant to 40 CFR 60.7(a)(2), a similar
monthly time period (e.g., 30-day month or accounting month).
40 CFR 60.741(a) “Nominal 1-month period” (enhanced display)

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40 CFR Part 60 Subpart VVV (up to date as of 12/23/2024)
40 CFR 60.741(a) “Onsite coating mix preparation equipment”
Standards of Performance for Polymeric Coating of Supporting Substrates...

Onsite coating mix preparation equipment means those pieces of coating mix preparation equipment
located at the same plant as the coating operation they serve.
Polymeric coating of supporting substrates means a web coating process that applies elastomers,
polymers, or prepolymers to a supporting web other than paper, plastic film, metallic foil, or metal
coil.
Substrate means the surface to which a coating is applied.
Temporary enclosure means a total enclosure that is constructed for the sole purpose of measuring the
fugitive VOC emissions from an affected facility.
Total enclosure means a structure that is constructed around a source of emissions and operated so that
all VOC emissions are collected and exhausted through a stack or duct. With a total enclosure, there
will be no fugitive emissions, only stack emissions. The drying oven itself may be part of the total
enclosure.
Vapor capture system means any device or combination of devices designed to contain, collect, and route
solvent vapors released from the coating mix preparation equipment or coating operation.
VOC in the applied coating means the product of Method 24 VOC analyses or formulation data (if those
data are demonstrated to be equivalent to Method 24 results) and the total volume of coating fed to
the coating applicator.
VOC used means the amount of VOC delivered to the coating mix preparation equipment of the affected
facility (including any contained in premixed coatings or other coating ingredients prepared off the
plant site) for the formulation of polymeric coatings to be applied to supporting substrates at the
coating operation, plus any solvent added after initial formulation is complete (e.g., dilution solvent
added at the coating operation). If premixed coatings that require no mixing at the plant site are
used, “VOC used” means the amount of VOC delivered to the coating applicator(s) of the affected
facility.
Volatile organic compounds or VOC means any organic compounds that participate in atmospheric
photochemical reactions; or that are measured by a reference method, an equivalent method, an
alternative method, or that are determined by procedures specified under any subpart.
Waterborne coating means a coating which contains more than 5 weight percent water in its volatile
fraction.
Web coating means the coating of products, such as fabric, paper, plastic film, metallic foil, metal coil, cord,
and yarn, that are flexible enough to be unrolled from a large roll; and coated as a continuous
substrate by methods including, but not limited to, knife coating, roll coating, dip coating,
impregnation, rotogravure, and extrusion.
(b) The nomenclature used in this subpart has the following meaning:
Ak = the area of each natural draft opening (k) in a total enclosure, in square meters.
Caj = the concentration of VOC in each gas stream (j) exiting the emission control device, in parts per million by
volume.
Cbi = the concentration of VOC in each gas stream (i) entering the emission control device, in parts per million
by volume.
40 CFR 60.741(b) (enhanced display)

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40 CFR Part 60 Subpart VVV (up to date as of 12/23/2024)
Standards of Performance for Polymeric Coating of Supporting Substrates...

40 CFR 60.741(b)

Cdi = the concentration of VOC in each gas stream (i) entering the emission control device from the affected
coating operation, in parts per million by volume.
Cfk = the concentration of VOC in each uncontrolled gas stream (k) emitted directly to the atmosphere from the
affected coating operation, in parts per million by volume.
Cgv = the concentration of VOC in the gas stream entering each individual carbon adsorber vessel (v), in parts
per million by volume. For purposes of calculating the efficiency of the individual adsorber vessel, Cgv may be
measured in the carbon adsorption system's common inlet duct prior to the branching of individual inlet ducts.
Chv = the concentration of VOC in the gas stream exiting each individual carbon adsorber vessel (v), in parts per
million by volume.
E = the control device efficiency achieved for the duration of the emission test (expressed as a fraction).
F = the VOC emission capture efficiency of the vapor capture system achieved for the duration of the emission
test (expressed as a fraction).
FV = the average inward face velocity across all natural draft openings in a total enclosure, in meters per hour.
Hv = the individual carbon adsorber vessel (v) efficiency achieved for the duration of the emission test
(expressed as a fraction).
Hsys = the carbon adsorption system efficiency calculated when each adsorber vessel has an individual exhaust
stack.
Mci = the total mass (kg) of each coating (i) applied to the substrate at an affected coating operation during a
nominal 1-month period as determined from facility records.
Mr = the total mass (kg) of VOC recovered for a nominal 1-month period.
Qaj = the volumetric flow rate of each gas stream (j) exiting the emission control device, in dry standard cubic
meters per hour when Method 18 or 25 is used to measure VOC concentration or in standard cubic meters per
hour (wet basis) when Method 25A is used to measure VOC concentration.
Qbi = the volumetric flow rate of each gas stream (i) entering the emission control device, in dry standard cubic
meters per hour when Method 18 or 25 is used to measure VOC concentration or in standard cubic meters per
hour (wet basis) when Method 25A is used to measure VOC concentration.
Qdi = the volumetric flow rate of each gas stream (i) entering the emission control device from the affected
coating operation, in dry standard cubic meters per hour when Method 18 or 25 is used to measure VOC
concentration or in standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis) when Method 25A is used to measure VOC
concentration.

40 CFR 60.741(b) (enhanced display)

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40 CFR Part 60 Subpart VVV (up to date as of 12/23/2024)
Standards of Performance for Polymeric Coating of Supporting Substrates...

40 CFR 60.741(c)

Qfk = the volumetric flow rate of each uncontrolled gas stream (k) emitted directly to the atmosphere from the
affected coating operation, in dry standard cubic meters per hour when Method 18 or 25 is used to measure
VOC concentration or in standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis) when Method 25A is used to measure VOC
concentration.
Qgv = the volumetric flow rate of the gas stream entering each individual carbon adsorber vessel (v), in dry
standard cubic meters per hour when Method 18 or 25 is used to measure VOC concentration or in standard
cubic meters per hour (wet basis) when Method 25A is used to measure VOC concentration. For purposes of
calculating the efficiency of the individual adsorber vessel, the value of Qgv can be assumed to equal the value
of Qhv measured for that adsorber vessel.
Qhv = the volumetric flow rate of the gas stream exiting each individual carbon adsorber vessel (v), in dry
standard cubic meters per hour when Method 18 or 25 is used to measure VOC concentration or in standard
cubic meters per hour (wet basis) when Method 25A is used to measure VOC concentration.
Qini = the volumetric flow rate of each gas stream (i) entering the total enclosure through a forced makeup air
duct, in standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis).
Qoutj = the volumetric flow rate of each gas stream (j) exiting the total enclosure through an exhaust duct or
hood, in standard cubic meters per hour (wet basis).
R = the overall VOC emission reduction achieved for the duration of the emission test (expressed as a fraction).
RSi = the total mass (kg) of VOC retained on the coated substrate after oven drying or contained in waste
coating for a given combination of coating and substrate.
Woi = the weight fraction of VOC in each coating (i) applied at an affected coating operation during a nominal
1-month period as determined by Method 24.
(c) Tables 1a and 1b present a cross reference of the affected facility status and the relevant section(s) of the
regulation.

TABLE 1A—CROSS REFERENCE a b

Status

Standard

Compliance
provisions
§ 60.743

A. Coating operation:
1. If projected VOC use

§ 60.740(b): Monitor VOC use

Not

a

This table is presented for the convenience of the user and is not intended to supersede the
language of the regulation. For the details of the requirements, refer to the text of the regulation.
b

Refer to table 1b to determine which subsections of §§ 60.744, 60.745, and 60.747 correspond to
each compliance provision (§ 60.743).

40 CFR 60.741(c) (enhanced display)

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40 CFR Part 60 Subpart VVV (up to date as of 12/23/2024)
Standards of Performance for Polymeric Coating of Supporting Substrates...

Status

Standard

is <95 Mg/yr
2. If projected VOC use
is ≥95 Mg/yr

40 CFR 60.741(c)

Compliance
provisions
§ 60.743
applicable.

§ 60.742(b)(1): Reduce VOC emissions to the atmosphere
from the coating operation by at least 90 percent; or

(a)(1),
(a)(2),
(a)(3), or
(a)(4);

§ 60.742(b)(2): Install, operate, and maintain a total
(b), (e).
enclosure around the coating operation and vent the
captured VOC emissions from the total enclosure to a control
device that is at least 95 percent efficient
B. Coating mix
preparation
equipment:
1. If projected VOC use
is ≥95 Mg/yr but <130
Mg/yr

§ 60.742(c)(3): (i) Install, operate, and maintain a cover on
each piece of affected equipment; or (ii) install, operate, and
maintain a cover on each piece of affected equipment and
vent VOC emissions to a VOC control device

(d), (e).

2. If projected VOC use
is ≥130 Mg/yr but
there is no concurrent
construction of a
control device

§ 60.742(c)(2): (i) Install, operate, and maintain a cover on
each piece of affected equipment; or (ii) install, operate, and
maintain a cover on each piece of affected equipment and
vent VOC emissions to a VOC control device

(d).

3. If projected VOC use
is ≥130 Mg/yr and
there is concurrent
construction of a

§ 60.742(c)(1): Install, operate, and maintain a cover on each
piece of affected equipment and vent VOC emissions from
the covered equipment to a 95 percent efficient control
device while preparation of the coating is taking place within

(c), (e).

a

This table is presented for the convenience of the user and is not intended to supersede the
language of the regulation. For the details of the requirements, refer to the text of the regulation.
b

Refer to table 1b to determine which subsections of §§ 60.744, 60.745, and 60.747 correspond to
each compliance provision (§ 60.743).

40 CFR 60.741(c) (enhanced display)

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40 CFR Part 60 Subpart VVV (up to date as of 12/23/2024)
Standards of Performance for Polymeric Coating of Supporting Substrates...

Status
control device

40 CFR 60.741(c)

Compliance
provisions
§ 60.743

Standard
the vessel

a

This table is presented for the convenience of the user and is not intended to supersede the
language of the regulation. For the details of the requirements, refer to the text of the regulation.
b

Refer to table 1b to determine which subsections of §§ 60.744, 60.745, and 60.747 correspond to
each compliance provision (§ 60.743).

TABLE 1B—CROSS REFERENCE

Compliance provisions—§
60.743

Test
methods—§
60.745

Reporting and
Monitoring
Category/
recordkeeping
requirements—§
equipmenta
requirements—§
60.744
60.747

A. Coating operation:
(a)(1)—Gaseous emission test for
coating operations not using
carbon adsorption beds with
individual exhausts

(b)-(g)

General,
CA, CO, TI,
CI, PE, TE

(a), (i), (j), (k),
(c)(1), (d), (e),
(f), (g)

(a), (d)(7), (f),
(g), (h), (d)(1)(i),
(d)(2)(i), (d)(3),
(d)(4), (d)(5),
(d)(6).

(a)(2)—Gaseous emission test for
coating operations using carbon
adsorption beds with individual
exhausts

(b)-(g)

General,
CA, PE, TE

(a), (i), (j), (k),
(c)(2), (g)

(a), (d)(7), (f),
(g), (h), (d)(1)(ii),
(d)(2)(ii), (d)(6).

(a)(3)—Monthly liquid material
balance—can be used only when
a VOC recovery device controls
only those emissions from one
affected coating operation

(a)

VOC
recovery

(i), (k)

(e), (f), (g), (h).

(a)(4)—Short-term (3 to 7 day)
liquid material balance—may be
used as an alternative to (a)(3)

(a)

General,
CA, CO, PE,
TE

(a), (i), (j), (k),
(c)(1), (c)(2), (d),
(g)

(a), (d)(7), (f),
(g), (h), (d)(1),
(d)(2), (d)(3),
(d)(6).

(b)—Alternative standard for
coating operation—demonstrate
use of approved total enclosure
and emissions vented to a 95

(b)-(g)

General,
CA, CO, TI,
CI, PE, TE

(a), (i), (j), (k),
(c)(1), (c)(2), (d),
(e), (f), (h)

(a), (d)(7), (f),
(g), (h), (d)(1),
(d)(2), (d)(3),
(d)(4), (d)(5),

a

CA = carbon adsorber; CO = condenser; TI = thermal incinerator; CI = catalytic incinerator; PE =
partial enclosure; TE = total enclosure.

40 CFR 60.741(c) (enhanced display)

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40 CFR Part 60 Subpart VVV (up to date as of 12/23/2024)
Standards of Performance for Polymeric Coating of Supporting Substrates...

Compliance provisions—§
60.743

Test
methods—§
60.745

40 CFR 60.742

Reporting and
Monitoring
Category/
recordkeeping
requirements—§
equipmenta
requirements—§
60.744
60.747

percent efficient control device

(d)(6).

B. Coating mix preparation
equipment:
(c)—Standard for equipment
(b)-(g)
servicing a coating operation
with concurrent construction of a
control device that uses at least
130 Mg/yr of VOC—demonstrate
that covers meeting
specifications are installed and
used properly; procedures
detailing proper use are posted;
the mix equipment is vented to a
95 percent efficient control
device

General,
CA, TI, CI

(a), (i), (j), (k),
(c)(1), (c)(2), (e),
(f)

(a), (d)(7), (f),
(g), (h), (d)(1),
(d)(2), (d)(4),
(d)(5).

(d)—Standard for equipment
No other
servicing a coating operation
requirements
that does not have concurrent
apply
construction of a control device
but uses at least 130 Mg/yr of
VOC or for equipment servicing a
coating operation that uses <130
Mg/yr but ≥95 Mg/yr of
VOC—demonstrate that covers
meeting specifications are
installed and used properly;
procedures detailing proper use
are posted; the mix equipment is
vented to a control device
(optional)
a

CA = carbon adsorber; CO = condenser; TI = thermal incinerator; CI = catalytic incinerator; PE =
partial enclosure; TE = total enclosure.

§ 60.742 Standards for volatile organic compounds.
(a) Each owner or operator of an affected facility that is subject to the requirements of this subpart shall
comply with the emissions limitations set forth in this section on and after the date on which the initial
performance test required by § 60.8 is completed, but not later than 60 days after achieving the maximum
production rate at which the affected facility will be operated or 180 days after initial startup, whichever
date comes first.
(b) For the coating operation, each owner or operator of an affected facility shall either:
40 CFR 60.742(b) (enhanced display)

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40 CFR Part 60 Subpart VVV (up to date as of 12/23/2024)
Standards of Performance for Polymeric Coating of Supporting Substrates...

40 CFR 60.742(b)(1)

(1) Reduce VOC emissions to the atmosphere from the coating operation by at least 90 percent
(“emission reduction” standard); or
(2) Install, operate, and maintain a total enclosure around the coating operation and vent the captured
VOC emissions from the total enclosure to a control device that is at least 95 percent effecient
(alternative standard).
(c) For the onsite coating mix preparation equipment of an affected facility, the owner or operator shall
comply with the following requirements, as applicable:
(1) For an affected facility that has concurrent construction of a control device and uses at least 130 Mg
of VOC per 12-month period, the owner or operator shall install, operate, and maintain a cover on
each piece of affected coating mix preparation equipment and vent VOC emissions from the covered
mix equipment to a 95 percent efficient control device while preparation of the coating is taking
place within the vessel.
(2) For an affected facility that does not have concurrent construction of a control device but uses at
least 130 Mg of VOC per 12-month period, the owner or operator shall either:
(i)

Install, operate, and maintain a cover on each piece of affected coating mix preparation
equipment; or

(ii) Install, operate, and maintain a cover on each piece of affected coating mix preparation
equipment and vent VOC emissions to a VOC control device.
(3) For an affected facility that uses at least 95 Mg but less than 130 Mg of VOC per 12-month period,
the owner or operator shall either.
(i)

Install, operate, and maintain a cover on each piece of affected coating mix preparation
equipment; or

(ii) Install, operate, and maintain a cover on each piece of affected coating mix preparation
equipment and vent VOC emissions to a VOC control device.

§ 60.743 Compliance provisions.
(a) To demonstrate compliance with the emission reduction standard for coating operations specified in §
60.742(b)(1), the owner or operator of the affected facility shall use one of the following methods.
(1) Gaseous emission test for coating operations not using carbon adsorption beds with individual
exhausts. This method is applicable when the emissions from any affected coating operation are
controlled by a control device other than a fixed-bed carbon adsorption system with individual
exhaust stacks for each adsorber vessel. The owner or operator using this method shall comply with
the following procedures:
(i)

Construct the vapor capture system and control device so that all gaseous volumetric flow
rates and total VOC emissions can be accurately determined by the applicable test methods
and procedures specified in § 60.745(b) through (g);

(ii) Determine capture efficiency from the coating operation by capturing, venting, and measuring
all VOC emissions from the coating operation. During a performance test, the owner or operator
of an affected coating operation located in an area with other sources of VOC shall isolate the
coating operation emissions from all other sources of VOC by one of the following methods:

40 CFR 60.743(a)(1)(ii) (enhanced display)

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40 CFR Part 60 Subpart VVV (up to date as of 12/23/2024)
Standards of Performance for Polymeric Coating of Supporting Substrates...

40 CFR 60.743(a)(1)(ii)(A)

(A) Build a temporary enclosure, as defined in § 60.741(a) and conforming to the requirements
of § 60.743(b)(1), around the affected coating operation. The temporary enclosure must
be constructed and ventilated (through stacks suitable for testing) so that it has minimal
impact on performance of the capture system; or
(B) Shut down all other sources of VOC and continue to exhaust fugitive emissions from the
affected coating operation through any building ventilation system and other room
exhausts such as those on drying ovens. All such ventilation air must be vented through
stacks suitable for testing because the VOC content in each must be determined.
(iii) Operate the emission control device with all emission sources connected and operating.
(iv) Determine the efficiency (E) of the control device by Equation 1:

(v) Determine the efficiency (F) of the vapor capture system by Equation 2:

(vi) For each affected coating operation subject to § 60.742(b)(1) (emission reduction standard for
coating operations), compliance is demonstrated if the product of (E)x(F) is equal to or greater
than 0.90.
(2) Gaseous emission test for coating operations using carbon adsorption beds with individual exhausts.
This method is applicable when emissions from any affected coating operation are controlled by a
fixed-bed carbon adsorption system with individual exhaust stacks for each adsorber vessel. The
owner or operator using this method shall comply with the following procedures:
(i)

Construct the vapor capture system and control device so that each volumetric flow rate and
the total VOC emissions can be accurately determined by the applicable test methods and
procedures specified in § 60.745 (b) through (g);

(ii) Assure that all VOC emissions from the coating operation are segregated from other VOC
sources and that the emissions can be captured for measurement, as described in §
60.743(a)(1)(ii) (A) and (B);
(iii) Operate the emission control device with all emission sources connected and operating;
40 CFR 60.743(a)(2)(iii) (enhanced display)

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40 CFR Part 60 Subpart VVV (up to date as of 12/23/2024)
Standards of Performance for Polymeric Coating of Supporting Substrates...

40 CFR 60.743(a)(2)(iv)

(iv) Determine the efficiency (Hv) of each individual adsorber vessel (v) using Equation 3:

(v) Determine the efficiency of the carbon adsorption system (Hsys) by computing the average
efficiency of the adsorber vessels as weighted by the volumetric flow rate (Qhv) of each
individual adsorber vessel (v) using Equation 4:

(vi) Determine the efficiency (F) of the vapor capture system using Equation (2).
(vii) For each affected coating operation subject to § 60.742(b)(1) (emission reduction standard for
coating operations), compliance is demonstrated if the product of (Hsys)x(F) is equal to or
greater than 0.90.
(3) Monthly liquid material balance. This method can be used only when a VOC recovery device controls
only those emissions from one affected coating operation. It may not be used if the VOC recovery
device controls emissions from any other VOC emission sources. When demonstrating compliance
by this method, § 60.8(f) (Performance Tests) of this part does not apply. The owner or operator
using this method shall comply with the following procedures to determine the VOC emission
reduction for each nominal 1-month period:
(i)

Measure the amount of coating applied at the coating applicator. This quantity shall be
determined at a time and location in the process after all ingredients (including any dilution
solvent) have been added to the coating, or appropriate adjustments shall be made to account
for any ingredients added after the amount of coating has been determined;

(ii) Determine the VOC content of all coatings applied using the test method specified in §
60.745(a). This value shall be determined at a time and location in the process after all
ingredients (including any dilution solvent) have been added to the coating, or appropriate
adjustments shall be made to account for any ingredients added after the VOC content in the
coating has been determined;
(iii) Install, calibrate, maintain, and operate, according to the manufacturer's specifications, a device
that indicates the cumulative amount of VOC recovered by the control device over each nominal
1-month period. The device shall be certified by the manufacturer to be accurate to within ±2.0
percent;
(iv) Measure the amount of VOC recovered; and

40 CFR 60.743(a)(3)(iv) (enhanced display)

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40 CFR Part 60 Subpart VVV (up to date as of 12/23/2024)
Standards of Performance for Polymeric Coating of Supporting Substrates...

40 CFR 60.743(a)(3)(v)

(v) Calculate the overall VOC emission reduction (R) for each and every nominal 1-month period
using Equation 5. Emissions during startups and shutdowns are to be included when
determining R because startups and shutdowns are part of normal operation for this source
category.

If the value of R is equal to or greater than 0.90, compliance with § 60.742(b)(1) is demonstrated.
(A) The value of RSi is zero unless the owner or operator submits the following information to
the Administrator for approval of a measured value of RSi that is greater than zero but less
than or equal to 6 percent by weight of the liquid VOC applied:
(1) Measurement techniques; and
(2) Documentation that the measured value of RSi exceeds zero but is less than or equal
to 6 percent by weight of the liquid VOC applied.
(B) For those facilities not subject to paragraph (a)(3)(v)(A) of this section, the value of RSi is
zero unless the owner or operator submits the following information to the Administrator
for approval of a measured value of RSi that is greater than 6 percent by weight of the
liquid VOC applied.
(1) Measurement techniques;
(2) Documentation that the measured value of RSi exceeds 6 percent by weight of the
liquid VOC applied; and
(3) Either documentation of customer specifications requiring higher values or
documentation that the desired properties of the product make it necessary for RSi
to exceed 6 percent by weight of the liquid VOC applied and that such properties
cannot be achieved by other means.
(C) The measurement techniques of paragraphs (a)(3)(v)(A)(1) and (a)(3)(v)(B)(1) of this
section shall be submitted to the Administrator for approval with the notification of
anticipated startup required under § 60.7(a)(2).
(vi) The point at which Mr is to be measured shall be established when the compliance procedures
are approved. The presumptive point of measurement shall be prior to separation/ purification;
a point after separation/purification may be adopted for enhanced convenience or accuracy.
(4) Short-term liquid material balance. This method may be used as an alternative to the monthly liquid
material balance described in paragraph (a)(3) of this section. The owner or operator using this
method shall comply with the following procedures to determine VOC emission reduction for a 3- to
7-day period and shall continuously monitor VOC emissions as specified in § 60.744.
(i)

Use the procedures described in paragraphs (a)(3) (i) through (vi) of this section to determine
the overall emission reduction, R. Compliance is demonstrated if the value of R is equal to or
greater than 0.90.

40 CFR 60.743(a)(4)(i) (enhanced display)

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40 CFR 60.743(a)(4)(ii)

(ii) The number of days for the performance test (3 to 7) is to be based on the affected facility's
representative performance consistent with the requirements of § 60.8(c). Data demonstrating
that the chosen test period is representative shall be submitted to the Administrator for
approval with the notification of anticipated startup required under § 60.7(a)(2).
(b) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation subject to the standard specified in §
60.742(b)(2) (alternative standard for coating operations) shall:
(1) Demonstrate that a total enclosure is installed. The total enclosure shall either be approved by the
Administrator in accordance with the provisions of § 60.746, or meet the requirements in paragraphs
(b)(1) (i) through (vi) of this section, as follows:
(i)

The only openings in the enclosure are forced makeup air and exhaust ducts and natural draft
openings such as those through which raw materials enter and exist the coating operation;

(ii) Total area of all natural draft openings does not exceed 5 percent of the total surface area of
the total enclosure's walls, floor, and ceiling;
(iii) All access doors and windows are closed during normal operation of the enclosed coating
operation, except for brief, occasional openings to accommodate process equipment
adjustments. If such openings are frequent, or if the access door or window remains open for a
significant amount of time during the process operation, it must be considered a natural draft
opening. Access doors used routinely by workers to enter and exit the enclosed area shall be
equipped with automatic closure devices;
(iv) Average inward face velocity (FV) across all natural draft openings is a minimum of 3,600
meters per hour as determined by the following procedures:
(A) Construct all forced makeup air ducts and all exhaust ducts so that the volumetric flow
rate in each can be accurately determined by the test methods and procedures specified
in § 60.745 (c) and (d). Volumetric flow rates shall be calculated without the adjustment
normally made for moisture content; and
(B) Determine FV by Equation 6:

(v) The air passing through all natural draft openings flows into the enclosure continuously. If FV is
less than or equal to 9,000 meters per hour, the continuous inward airflow shall be verified by
continuous observation using smoke tubes, streamers, tracer gases, or other means approved
by the Administrator over the period that the volumetric flow rate tests required to determine FV
are carried out. If FV is greater than 9,000 meters per hour, the direction of airflow thourgh the
natural draft openings shall be presumed to be inward at all times without verification.

40 CFR 60.743(b)(1)(v) (enhanced display)

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40 CFR 60.743(b)(1)(vi)

(vi) All sources of emissions within the enclosure shall be a minimum of four equivalent diameters
away from each natural draft opening.
(2) Determine the control device efficiency using Equation (1) or Equations (3) and (4), as applicable, and
the test methods and procedures specified in § 60.745 (b) through (g).
(3) Compliance is demonstrated if the installation of a total enclosure is demonstrated and the value of
E determined from Equation (1) or the value of Hsys determined from Equations (3) and (4), as
applicable, is equal to or greater than 0.95.
(c) To demonstrate compliance with § 60.742(c)(1) (standard for coating mix preparation equipment
servicing a coating operation with concurrent construction of a control device that uses at least 130 Mg
per year of VOC), each owner or operator of affected coating mix preparation equipment shall
demonstrate that:
(1) Covers meeting the following specifications have been installed and are being used properly:
(i)

Cover shall be closed at all times except when adding ingredients, withdrawing samples,
transferring the contents, or making visual inspection when such activities cannot be carried
out with cover in place. Such activities shall be carried out through ports of the minimum
practical size;

(ii) Cover shall extend at least 2 centimeters beyond the outer rim of the opening or shall be
attached to the rim;
(iii) Cover shall be of such design and construction that contact is maintained between cover and
rim along the entire perimeter;
(iv) Any breach in the cover (such as a slit for insertion of a mixer shaft or port for addition of
ingredients) shall be covered consistent with paragraphs (c)(1) (i), (ii), and (iii) of this section
when not actively in use. An opening sufficient to allow safe clearance for a mixer shaft is
acceptable during those periods when the shaft is in place; and
(v) A polyehtylene or nonpermanent cover may be used provided it meets the requirements of
paragraphs (c)(1) (ii), (iii), and (iv) of this section. Such a cover shall not be reused after once
being removed.
(2) Procedures detailing the proper use of covers, as specified in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section, have
been posted in all areas where affected coatings mix preparation equipment is used;
(3) The coating mix preparation equipment is vented to a control device while preparation of the coating
is taking place within the vessel; and
(4) The control device efficiency (E or Hsys, as applicable) determined using Equation (1) or Equations (3)
and (4), respectively, and the test methods and procedures specified in § 60.745 (b) through (g) is
equal to or greater than 0.95.
(d) To demonstrate compliance with § 60.742(c)(2) (standard for coating mix preparation equipment
servicing a coating operation that does not have concurrent construction of a control device but uses at
least 130 Mg of VOC per year) or § 60.742(c)(3) (standard for coating mix preparation equipment
servicing a coating operation that uses at least 95 Mg but less than 130 Mg of VOC per year), each owner
or operator of affected coating mix preparation equipment shall demonstrate upon inspection that:

40 CFR 60.743(d) (enhanced display)

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40 CFR 60.743(d)(1)

(1) Covers satisfying the specifications in paragraphs (c)(1) (i) through (v) of this section have been
installed and are being properly operated and maintained; and
(2) Procedures detailing the proper use of covers, as specified in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section, have
been posted in all areas where affected coating mix preparation equipment is used.
(3) Owners or operators meeting the standard specified in § 60.742 (c)(2)(ii) or (c)(3)(ii) shall also
demonstrate that the coating mix preparation equipment is vented to a control device.
(e) If a control device other than a carbon adsorber, condenser, or incinerator is used to control emissions
from an affected facility, the necessary operating specifications for that device must be approved by the
Administrator. An example of such a device is a flare.

§ 60.744 Monitoring requirements.
(a) Each owner or operator of an affected facility shall install and calibrate all monitoring devices required
under the provisions of this section according to the manufacturer's specifications, prior to the initial
performance test in locations such that representative values of the monitored parameters will be
obtained. The parameters to be monitored shall be continuously measured and recorded during each
performance test.
(b) Each owner or operator of an affected facility that uses less than 95 Mg of VOC per year and each owner
or operator of an affected facility subject to the provisions specified in § 60.742(c)(3) shall:
(1) Make semiannual estimates of the projected annual amount of VOC to be used for the manufacture
of polymeric coated substrate at the affected coating operation in that year; and
(2) Maintain records of actual VOC use.
(c) Each owner or operator of an affected facility controlled by a carbon adsorption system and
demonstrating compliance by the procedures described in § 60.743 (a)(1), (2), (b), or (c) (which include
control device efficiency determinations) or § 60.743(a)(4) (short-term liquid material balance) shall carry
out the monitoring provisions of paragraph (c)(1) or (2) of this section, as appropriate.
(1) For carbon adsorption systems with a common exhaust stack for all the individual adsorber vessels,
install, calibrate, maintain, and operate, according to the manufacturer's specifications, a monitoring
device that continuously indicates and records the concentration level of organic compounds in
either the control device outlet gas stream or in both the control device inlet and outlet gas streams.
The outlet gas stream shall be monitored if the percent increase in the concentration level of organic
compounds is used as the basis for reporting, as described in § 60.747(d)(1)(i). The inlet and outlet
gas streams shall be monitored if the percent control device efficiency is used as the basis for
reporting, as described in § 60.747(d)(2)(i).
(2) For carbon adsorption systems with individual exhaust stacks for each adsorber vessel, install,
calibrate, maintain, and operate, according to the manufacturer's specifications, a monitoring device
that continuously indicates and records the concentration level of organic compounds in the outlet
gas stream for a minimum of one complete adsorption cycle per day for each adsorber vessel. The
owner or operator may also monitor and record the concentration level of organic compounds in the
common carbon adsorption system inlet gas stream or in each individual carbon adsorber vessel
inlet stream. The outlet gas streams shall be monitored if the percent increase in the concentration
level of organic compounds is used as the basis for reporting, as described in § 60.747(d)(1)(ii). In
this case, the owner or operator shall compute daily a 3-day rolling average concentration level of
organics in the outlet gas stream from each individual adsorber vessel. The inlet and outlet gas
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40 CFR 60.744(d)

streams shall be monitored if the percent control device efficiency is used as the basis for reporting,
as described in § 60.747(d)(2)(ii). In this case, the owner or operator shall compute daily a 3-day
rolling average efficiency for each individual adsorber vessel.
(d) Each owner or operator of an affected facility controlled by a condensation system and demonstrating
compliance by the test methods described in § 60.743 (a)(1), (2), (b), or (c) (which include control device
efficiency determinations) or § 60.743(a)(4) (short-term liquid material balance) shall install, calibrate,
maintain, and operate, according to the manufacturer's specifications, a monitoring device that
continuously indicates and records the temperature of the condenser exhaust stream.
(e) Each owner or operator of an affected facility controlled by a thermal incinerator and demonstrating
compliance by the test methods described in § 60.743 (a)(1), (2), (b), or (c) (which include control device
efficiency determinations) shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate, according to the manufacturer's
specifications, a monitoring device that continuously indicates and records the combustion temperature
of the incinerator. The monitoring device shall have an accuracy within ±1 percent of the temperature
being measured in Celsius degrees.
(f) Each owner or operator of an affected facility controlled by a catalytic incinerator and demonstrating
compliance by the test methods described in § 60.743 (a)(1), (2), (b), or (c) (which include control device
efficiency determinations) shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate, according to the manufacturer's
specifications, a monitoring device that continuously indicates and records the gas temperature both
upstream and downstream of the catalyst bed. The monitoring device shall have an accuracy within ±1
percent of the temperature being measured in Celsius degrees.
(g) Each owner or operator of an affected facility who demonstrates compliance by the test methods
described in § 60.743(a)(1) or (2) (which include vapor capture system efficiency determinations) or §
60.743(a)(4) (short-term liquid material balance) shall submit a monitoring plan for the vapor capture
system to the Administrator for approval with the notification of anticipated startup required under §
60.7(a)(2) of the General Provisions. This plan shall identify the parameter to be monitored as an indicator
of vapor capture system performance (e.g., the amperage to the exhaust fans or duct flow rates) and the
method for monitoring the chosen parameter. The owner or operator shall install, calibrate, maintain, and
operate, according to the manufacturer's specifications, a monitoring device that continuously indicates
and records the value of the chosen parameter.
(h) Each owner or operator of an affected facility who demonstrates compliance as described in § 60.743(b)
shall follow the procedures described in paragraph (g) of this section to establish a monitoring system for
the total enclosure.
(i)

Each owner or operator of an affected facility shall record time periods of mixing or coating operations
when the emission control device is malfunctioning or not in use.

(j)

Each owner or operator of an affected facility shall record time periods of mixing or coating operations
when each monitoring device is malfunctioning or not in use.

(k) Records of the measurements and calculations required in §§ 60.743 and 60.744 must be retained for at
least 2 years following the date of the measurements and calculations.

§ 60.745 Test methods and procedures.
Methods in appendix A of this part, except as provided under § 60.8(b), shall be used to determine compliance as
follows:

40 CFR 60.745 (enhanced display)

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40 CFR 60.745(a)

(a) Method 24 is used to determine the VOC content in coatings. If it is demonstrated to the satisfaction of
the Administrator that coating formulation data are equivalent to Method 24 results, formulation data may
be used. In the event of any inconsistency between a Method 24 test and a facility's formulation data, the
Method 24 test will govern. For Method 24, the coating sample must be a 1-liter sample collected in a
1-liter container at a point in the process where the sample will be representative of the coating applied to
the substrate (i.e., the sample shall include any dilution solvent or other VOC added during the
manufacturing process). The container must be tightly sealed immediately after the sample is collected.
Any solvent or other VOC added after the sample is taken must be measured and accounted for in the
calculations that use Method 24 results.
(b) Method 25 shall be used to determine VOC concentrations from incinerator gas streams. Alternative
Methods (18 or 25A), may be used as explained in the applicability section of Method 25 in cases where
use of Method 25 is demonstrated to be technically infeasible. The owner or operator shall submit notice
of the intended test method to the Administrator for approval along with the notification of the
performance test required under § 60.8(d) of the General Provisions. Except as indicated in paragraphs
(b)(1) and (b)(2) of this section, the test shall consist of three separate runs, each lasting a minimum of
30 minutes.
(1) When the method is to be used in the determination of the efficiency of a fixed-bed carbon
adsorption system with a common exhaust stack for all the individual adsorber vessels pursuant to
§ 60.743 (a)(1), (b), or (c), the test shall consist of three separate runs, each coinciding with one or
more complete system rotations through the adsorption cycles of all the individual adsorber vessels.
(2) When the method is to be used in the determination of the efficiency of a fixed-bed carbon
adsorption system with individual exhaust stacks for each adsorber vessel pursuant to § 60.743
(a)(2), (b), or (c), each adsorber vessel shall be tested individually. Each test shall consist of three
separate runs, each coinciding with one or more complete adsorption cycles.
(c) Method 1 or 1A is used for sample and velocity traverses;
(d) Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D is used for velocity and volumetric flow rates;
(e) Method 3 is used for gas analysis;
(f) Method 4 is used for stack gas moisture;
(g) Methods 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D; 3; and 4 shall be performed, as applicable, at least twice during each test run.

§ 60.746 Permission to use alternative means of emission limitation.
(a) If, in the Administrator's judgment, an alternative means of emission limitation will achieve a reduction in
emissions of VOC from any emission point subject to § 60.742(c) at least equivalent to that required by §
60.742(b)(2) or § 60.742(c), respectively, the Administrator will publish in the FEDERAL REGISTER a notice
permitting the use of the alternative means. The Administrator may condition permission on requirements
that may be necessary to ensure operation and maintenance to achieve the same emission reduction as
specified in § 60.742(b)(2) or § 60.742(c), respectively.
(b) Any notice under paragraph (a) of this section shall be published only after public notice and an
opportunity for a public hearing.
(c) Any person seeking permission under this section shall submit to the Administrator either results from an
emission test that accurately collects and measures all VOC emissions from a given control device or an
engineering evaluation that accurately determines such emissions.
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40 CFR 60.747

§ 60.747 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
(a) For each affected facility subject to the requirements of § 60.742(b) and (c), the owner or operator shall
submit the performance test data and results to the Administrator as specified in § 60.8(a) of this part. In
addition, the average values of the monitored parameters measured at least every 15 minutes and
averaged over the period of the performance test shall be submitted with the results of all performance
tests.
(b) Each owner or operator of an affected facility subject to the provisions specified in § 60.742(c)(3) and
claiming to use less than 130 Mg of VOC in the first year of operation and each owner or operator of an
affected facility claiming to use less than 95 Mg of VOC in the first year of operation shall submit to the
Administrator, with the notification of anticipated startup required under § 60.7(a)(2) of the General
Provisions, a material flow chart indicating projected VOC use. The owner or operator shall also submit
actual VOC use records at the end of the initial year.
(c) Each owner or operator of an affected facility subject to the provisions of § 60.742(c)(3) and initially using
less than 130 Mg of VOC per year and each owner or operator of an affected facility initially using less
than 95 Mg of VOC per year shall:
(1) Record semiannual estimates of projected VOC use and actual 12-month VOC use;
(2) Report the first semiannual estimate in which projected annual VOC use exceeds the applicable
cutoff; and
(3) Report the first 12-month period in which the actual VOC use exceeds the applicable cutoff.
(d) Each owner or operator of an affected facility demonstrating compliance by the methods described in §
60.743(a)(1), (2), (4), (b), or (c) shall maintain records and submit quarterly reports to the Administrator
documenting the following:
(1) For those affected facilities monitoring only the carbon adsorption system outlet concentration
levels of organic compounds, the periods (during actual coating operations) specified in paragraph
(d)(1)(i) or (ii) of this section, as applicable.
(i)

For carbon adsorption systems with a common exhaust stack for all the individual adsorber
vessels, all periods of three consecutive system rotations through the adsorption cycles of all
the individual adsorber vessels during which the average value of the concentration level of
organic compounds in the common outlet gas stream is more than 20 percent greater than the
average value measured during the most recent performance test that demonstrated
compliance.

(ii) For carbon adsorption systems with individual exhaust stacks for each adsorber vessel, all
3-day rolling averages for each adsorber vessel when the concentration level of organic
compounds in the individual outlet gas stream is more than 20 percent greater than the average
value for that adsorber vessel measured during the most recent performance test that
demonstrated compliance.
(2) For those affected facilities monitoring both the carbon adsorption system inlet and outlet
concentration levels of organic compounds, the periods (during actual coating operations), specified
in paragraph (d)(2)(i) or (ii) of this section, as applicable.

40 CFR 60.747(d)(2) (enhanced display)

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(i)

40 CFR 60.747(d)(2)(i)

For carbon adsorption systems with a common exhaust stack for all the individual adsorber
vessels, all periods of three consecutive adsorption cycles of all the individual adsorber vessels
during which the average carbon adsorption system efficiency falls below the applicable level
as follows:
(A) For those affected facilities demonstrating compliance by the performance test method
described in § 60.743(a)(1), the value of E determined using Equation (1) during the most
recent performance test that demonstrated compliance.
(B) For those affected facilities demonstrating compliance by the performance test described
in § 60.743(a)(4), the average value of the system efficiency measured with the monitor
during the most recent performance test that demonstrated compliance.
(C) For those affected facilities demonstrating compliance pursuant to § 60.743(b) or (c),
0.95.

(ii) For carbon adsorption systems with individual exhaust stacks for each adsorber vessel, all
3-day rolling averages for each adsorber vessel during which the average carbon adsorber
vessel efficiency falls below the applicable level as follows:
(A) For those affected facilities demonstrating compliance by the performance test method
described in § 60.743(a)(2), (b), or (c), the value of Hv determined using Equation (3)
during the most recent performance test that demonstrated compliance.
(B) For those affected facilities demonstrating compliance by the performance test described
in § 60.743(a)(4), the average efficiency for that adsorber vessel measured with the
monitor during the most recent performance test that demonstrated compliance.
(3) For those affected facilities monitoring condenser exhaust gas temperature, all 3-hour periods
(during actual coating operations) during which the average exhaust temperature is 5 or more
Celsius degrees above the average temperature measured during the most recent performance test
that demonstrated compliance;
(4) For those affected facilities monitoring thermal incinerator combustion gas temperature, all 3-hour
periods (during actual coating operations) during which the average combustion temperature of the
device is more than 28 Celsius degrees below the average combustion temperature of the device
during the most recent performance test that demonstrated compliance;
(5) For those affected facilities monitoring catalytic incinerator catalyst bed temperature, all 3-hour
periods (during actual coating operations) during which the average gas temperature immediately
before the catalyst bed is more than 28 Celsius degrees below the average gas temperature during
the most recent performance test that demonstrated compliance and all 3-hour periods (during
actual coating operations) during which the average gas temperature difference across the catalyst
bed is less than 80 percent of the average gas temperature difference during the most recent
performance test that demonstrated compliance;
(6) For each affected facility monitoring a total enclosure pursuant to § 60.744(h) or vapor capture
system pursuant to § 60.744(g), all 3-hour periods (during actual coating operations) during which
the average total enclosure or vapor capture system monitor readings vary by 5 percent or more
from the average value measured during the most recent performance test that demonstrated
compliance.

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40 CFR 60.747(d)(7)

(7) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation not required to submit reports under
paragraphs (d)(1) through (6) of this section because no reportable periods have occurred shall
submit semiannual statements clarifying this fact.
(e) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation, demonstrating compliance by the test methods
described in § 60.743(a)(3) (liquid-liquid material balance) shall submit the following:
(1) For months of compliance, semiannual reports to the Administrator stating that the affected coating
operation was in compliance for each 1-month period; and
(2) For months of noncompliance, quarterly reports to the Administrator documenting the 1-month
amount of VOC contained in the coatings, the 1-month amount of VOC recovered, and the percent
emission reduction for each month.
(f) Each owner or operator of an affected coating operation, either by itself or with associated coating mix
preparation equipment, shall submit the following with the reports required under paragraphs (d) and (e)
of this section:
(1) All periods during actual mixing or coating operations when a required monitoring device (if any) was
malfunctioning or not operating; and
(2) All periods during actual mixing or coating operations when the control device was malfunctioning or
not operating.
(g) The reports required under paragraphs (b), (c), (d), and (e) of this section shall be postmarked within 30
days of the end of the reporting period.
(h) Records required in § 60.747 must be retained for at least 2 years.
(i)

The requirements of this section remain in force until and unless EPA, in delegating enforcement authority
to a State under section 111(c) of the Act, approves reporting requirements or an alternative means of
compliance surveillance adopted by such States. In this event, affected sources within the State will be
relieved of the obligation to comply with this subsection, provided that they comply with the requirements
established by the State.

§ 60.748 Delegation of authority.
(a) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority to a State under section 111(c) of the Act, the
authorities contained in paragraph (b) of this section shall be retained by the Administrator and not
transferred to a State.
(b) Authorities that will not be delegated to States: §§ 60.743(a)(3)(v) (A) and (B); 60.743(e); 60.745(a);
60.746.

40 CFR 60.748(b) (enhanced display)

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