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pdf2023
FDIC National Survey of
Unbanked and Underbanked
Households
Appendix Tables
2023 FDIC NATIONAL SURVEY OF UNBANKED AND UNDERBANKED HOUSEHOLDS
APPENDIX TABLE OF CONTENTS
A. Unbanked Households............................................................................................................................................................................................ 1
B. Methods Banked Households Used to Access Bank Accounts............................................................................................................................ 15
C. Conducting Transactions: Nonbank Online Payment Services and Prepaid Cards........................................................................................... 27
D. Conducting Transactions: Nonbank Money Orders, Check Cashing, and Money Transfer Services................................................................. 37
E. Credit...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 51
F. Crypto..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 67
G. Underbanked Households.................................................................................................................................................................................... 71
Results from the 2023 survey as well as previous surveys are available at https://www.fdic.gov/household-survey, which also provides the
ability to generate custom data tables and charts, obtain five-year estimates of unbanked rates, and download the raw survey data.
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | I
PAG E INTE NTION A LLY LE F T B L A N K
2023 FDIC NATIONAL SURVEY OF UNBANKED AND UNDERBANKED HOUSEHOLDS
LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES
A. Unbanked Households
A.1 Distributions of Household Characteristics, 2019–2023.............................................................................................................................. 1
A.2 Unbanked Rates by Household Characteristics, 2019–2023........................................................................................................................ 3
A.3 Unbanked Rates by State, 2019–2023............................................................................................................................................................ 5
A.4 Unbanked Rates by MSA, 2019–2023.............................................................................................................................................................. 7
A.5 Interest in Having a Bank Account by Previous Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023................................... 9
A.6 All Reasons for Not Having a Bank Account by Interest in Having a Bank Account, 2023......................................................................... 11
A.7 Main Reason for Not Having a Bank Account by Interest in Having a Bank Account, 2023...................................................................... 12
A.8 All Reasons for Not Having a Bank Account by Previous Bank Account Ownership, 2023....................................................................... 13
A.9 Main Reason for Not Having a Bank Account by Previous Bank Account Ownership, 2023..................................................................... 14
B. Methods Banked Households Used to Access Bank Accounts
B.1 Primary Method of Bank Account Access by Household Characteristics, 2023........................................................................................ 15
B.2 Bank Teller as Primary Method of Bank Account Access by Household Characteristics, 2019–2023...................................................... 17
B.3 Mobile Banking as Primary Method of Bank Account Access by Household Characteristics, 2019–2023.............................................. 19
B.4 All Methods of Bank Account Access by Household Characteristics, 2023............................................................................................... 21
B.5 Bank Teller as Only Method of Bank Account Access by Household Characteristics, 2019–2023...........................................................23
B.6 Smartphone Access by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023.......................................................................25
C. Conducting Transactions: Nonbank Online Payment Services and Prepaid Cards
C.1 Use of Nonbank Online Payment Services by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2021–2023......................... 27
C.2 Use of Prepaid Cards by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2021–2023............................................................ 29
C.3 Types of Transactions Conducted Using Nonbank Online Payment Services by Bank Account Ownership and Household
Characteristics, 2023..................................................................................................................................................................................... 31
C.4 Types of Transactions Conducted Using Prepaid Cards by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023.............. 33
C.5 Cash-Only Unbanked Rates by Household Characteristics, 2021–2023.................................................................................................... 35
D. Conducting Transactions: Nonbank Money Orders, Check Cashing, and Money Transfer Services
D.1 Use of Nonbank Money Orders by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2019–2023............................................ 37
D.2 Use of Nonbank Check Cashing by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2019–2023........................................... 39
D.3 Use of Nonbank Money Transfer Services by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2021–2023.......................... 41
D.4 Types of Transactions Conducted Using Nonbank Money Orders by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023...43
D.5 Cashing Checks From Work, Retirement, or a Government Agency Using Nonbank Check Cashing by Bank Account Ownership
and Household Characteristics, 2023.......................................................................................................................................................... 45
D.6 Types of Transactions Conducted Using Nonbank Money Transfer Services by Bank Account Ownership and Household
Characteristics, 2023..................................................................................................................................................................................... 47
D.7 Sending or Receiving Nonbank International Remittances by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics,
2021–2023....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 49
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | III
E. Credit
E.1 Use of Mainstream Credit Products by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023.............................................. 51
E.2 Use of Mainstream Credit Products by State, 2023..................................................................................................................................... 53
E.3 Use of Mainstream Credit Products by MSA, 2023...................................................................................................................................... 55
E.4 Use of Rent-to-Own Services and Payday, Pawn Shop, Auto Title, and Tax Refund Anticipation Loans by Bank Account Ownership
and Household Characteristics, 2023.......................................................................................................................................................... 57
E.5 Use of Buy Now, Pay Later by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023............................................................. 59
E.6 Frequency of Use of Buy Now, Pay Later by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023...................................... 61
E.7 Online and In-Person Buy Now, Pay Later Purchases by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023................. 63
E.8 Missed or Late Buy Now, Pay Later Payments by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023............................. 65
F. Crypto
F.1 Use of Crypto by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023.................................................................................. 67
F.2 Specific Uses of Crypto by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023.................................................................. 69
G. Underbanked Households
G.1 Fully Banked, Underbanked, and Unbanked Rates by Household Characteristics, 2023........................................................................ 71
G.2 Fully Banked, Underbanked, and Unbanked Rates by State, 2023............................................................................................................ 73
G.3 Fully Banked, Underbanked, and Unbanked Rates by MSA, 2023............................................................................................................. 75
G.4 Distributions of Household Characteristics Among Fully Banked, Underbanked, and Unbanked Households, 2023.......................... 77
IV | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
A.1 Distributions of Household Characteristics, 2019–2023
All Households, Column Percent
Characteristic
2019
2021
2023
131,248
132,517
133,682
100.0
100.0
100.0
Less Than $15,000
10.7
9.5
8.2
$15,000 to $30,000
14.4
13.5
11.4
$30,000 to $50,000
18.8
18.6
17.0
$50,000 to $75,000
18.2
18.5
17.9
At Least $75,000
37.9
39.9
45.5
No High School Diploma
8.7
7.9
7.4
High School Diploma
24.9
24.3
24.2
Some College
28.3
27.8
27.5
College Degree
38.1
39.9
40.9
15 to 24 Years
4.8
4.4
4.7
25 to 34 Years
16.3
16.2
15.9
35 to 44 Years
17.0
17.1
17.4
45 to 54 Years
17.0
16.8
16.2
55 to 64 Years
18.6
18.6
17.9
65 Years or More
26.2
26.9
28.0
Black
12.7
12.8
12.9
Hispanic
14.0
14.6
14.8
Asian
5.3
5.3
5.5
American Indian or Alaska Native
0.7
0.7
0.7
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0.2
0.3
0.3
White
65.6
64.9
64.3
Two or More Races
1.3
1.4
1.5
Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
8.1
8.2
8.1
Not Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
60.9
60.5
59.3
Not Applicable (Not Aged 25 to 64)
31.0
31.3
32.6
Number of Households (1000s)
Percent of Households
Family Income
Education
Age Group
Race/Ethnicity
Disability Status
Monthly Income Volatility
Income Was About the Same Each Month
77.7
80.2
Income Varied Somewhat From Month to Month
18.3
16.2
Income Varied a Lot From Month to Month
4.1
3.7
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 1
A.1 Distributions of Household Characteristics, 2019–2023 (continued)
All Households, Column Percent
Characteristic
2019
2021
2023
Employed
62.1
60.5
61.9
Unemployed
2.2
3.7
2.2
Not in Labor Force
35.7
35.8
36.0
Homeowner
64.5
65.0
66.3
Non-Homeowner
35.5
35.0
33.7
Married Couple
46.5
46.0
46.4
Unmarried Female-Householder Family
11.6
11.9
11.4
Unmarried Male-Householder Family
5.0
5.3
5.4
Female-Householder Nonfamily
19.0
19.1
18.7
Male-Householder Nonfamily
17.7
17.5
17.8
Other
0.2
0.1
0.2
U.S.-Born
85.1
85.2
84.7
Foreign-Born Citizen
8.6
8.6
8.7
Foreign-Born Noncitizen
6.3
6.2
6.6
Metropolitan Area
86.2
85.9
86.2
Not in Metropolitan Area
13.0
13.3
13.0
Not Identified
0.8
0.8
0.8
Northeast
17.2
17.0
17.4
Midwest
21.6
21.3
21.5
South
38.3
38.8
38.9
West
22.9
23.0
22.3
Employment Status
Homeownership
Household Type
Citizenship and Place of Birth
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Status
Geographic Region
Note: Monthly income volatility is not available for 2021. Column percentages for each household characteristic sum to 100.
2 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
A.2 Unbanked Rates by Household Characteristics, 2019–2023
All Households, Row Percent
2019
2021
2023
90% Confidence
Interval, 2023
Difference
(2023–2021)
90% Confidence
Interval,
Difference
5.4
4.5
4.2
(4.0, 4.5)
-0.2
(-0.6, 0.1)
Less Than $15,000
23.3
19.8
21.8
(20.2, 23.5)
2.0
(-0.2, 4.3)
$15,000 to $30,000
10.4
9.2
9.0
(8.1, 10.0)
-0.2
(-1.5, 1.1)
$30,000 to $50,000
4.6
4.0
4.5
(3.9, 5.1)
0.5
(-0.3, 1.3)
$50,000 to $75,000
1.7
2.1
1.8
(1.4, 2.2)
-0.3
(-0.8, 0.2)
At Least $75,000
0.6
0.6
0.7
(0.6, 0.9)
0.2
(-0.1, 0.4)
No High School Diploma
21.4
19.2
19.7
(18.2, 21.4)
0.5
(-1.8, 2.9)
High School Diploma
8.1
6.8
6.5
(6.0, 7.2)
-0.3
(-1.1, 0.6)
Some College
4.3
3.3
3.0
(2.7, 3.4)
-0.2
(-0.8, 0.4)
College Degree
0.8
0.9
0.8
(0.7, 1.0)
-0.1
(-0.3, 0.1)
15 to 24 Years
8.8
5.8
5.9
(4.7, 7.4)
0.1
(-1.7, 1.9)
25 to 34 Years
6.9
5.1
5.2
(4.5, 5.9)
0.1
(-0.9, 1.1)
35 to 44 Years
6.3
5.1
4.7
(4.1, 5.4)
-0.4
(-1.4, 0.5)
45 to 54 Years
5.1
5.2
4.3
(3.8, 4.9)
-0.9*
(-1.8, -0.1)
55 to 64 Years
5.5
4.8
4.4
(3.8, 5.0)
-0.4
(-1.3, 0.5)
65 Years or More
3.3
2.7
2.9
(2.5, 3.4)
0.2
(-0.3, 0.7)
Black
13.8
11.3
10.6
(9.6, 11.6)
-0.8
(-2.3, 0.8)
Hispanic
12.2
9.3
9.5
(8.7, 10.4)
0.3
(-0.9, 1.5)
Asian
1.7
2.9
2.0
(1.4, 3.0)
-0.9
(-2.2, 0.4)
American Indian or Alaska Native
16.3
6.9
12.2
(8.2, 17.9)
5.4*
(0.4, 10.4)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
NA
NA
4.8
(1.8, 12.1)
NA
NA
White
2.5
2.1
1.9
(1.7, 2.1)
-0.2
(-0.5, 0.1)
Two or More Races
4.9
5.0
2.5
(1.4, 4.3)
-2.5
(-5.2, 0.2)
Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
16.2
14.8
11.2
(10.0, 12.5)
-3.6*
(-5.6, -1.7)
Not Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
4.5
3.7
3.7
(3.4, 4.1)
0.0
(-0.4, 0.5)
Not Applicable (Not Aged 25 to 64)
4.2
3.2
3.4
(3.0, 3.8)
0.2
(-0.3, 0.7)
Characteristic
All
Family Income
Education
Age Group
Race/Ethnicity
Disability Status
Monthly Income Volatility
Income Was About the Same Each Month
4.9
4.0
(3.7, 4.2)
Income Varied Somewhat From Month to Month
6.4
4.6
(4.0, 5.3)
Income Varied a Lot From Month to Month
10.7
8.3
(6.7, 10.1)
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 3
A.2 Unbanked Rates by Household Characteristics, 2019–2023 (continued)
All Households, Row Percent
2019
2021
2023
90% Confidence
Interval, 2023
Difference
(2023–2021)
90% Confidence
Interval,
Difference
Employed
3.6
2.6
2.8
(2.6, 3.1)
0.2
(-0.1, 0.6)
Unemployed
13.2
11.8
13.2
(10.4, 16.7)
1.4
(-2.1, 5.0)
Not in Labor Force
8.0
6.8
6.1
(5.6, 6.6)
-0.7*
(-1.4, -0.1)
Homeowner
1.9
1.8
1.6
(1.4, 1.8)
-0.2
(-0.4, 0.0)
Non-Homeowner
11.8
9.4
9.4
(8.8, 10.0)
0.0
(-0.9, 0.8)
Married Couple
2.1
1.8
1.6
(1.4, 1.9)
-0.1
(-0.5, 0.2)
Unmarried Female-Householder Family
11.1
9.2
8.5
(7.5, 9.6)
-0.7
(-2.1, 0.7)
Unmarried Male-Householder Family
7.6
7.4
6.4
(5.1, 7.8)
-1.0
(-2.8, 0.8)
Female-Householder Nonfamily
5.8
4.9
5.3
(4.7, 5.9)
0.4
(-0.5, 1.2)
Male-Householder Nonfamily
8.7
6.7
6.3
(5.7, 7.1)
-0.4
(-1.4, 0.6)
Other
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
U.S.-Born
4.8
4.0
3.5
(3.3, 3.7)
-0.5*
(-0.8, -0.1)
Foreign-Born Citizen
3.8
4.6
3.8
(3.1, 4.7)
-0.8
(-2.0, 0.5)
Foreign-Born Noncitizen
14.6
11.0
14.3
(12.7, 16.0)
3.2*
(1.3, 5.2)
Metropolitan Area
5.2
4.2
4.1
(3.9, 4.4)
0.0
(-0.4, 0.4)
Not in Metropolitan Area
6.2
6.2
4.8
(4.2, 5.5)
-1.3*
(-2.4, -0.3)
Not Identified
5.7
6.2
3.8
(2.0, 7.2)
-2.4
(-5.1, 0.4)
Northeast
4.7
4.1
3.9
(3.2, 4.6)
-0.2
(-1.1, 0.7)
Midwest
5.0
4.2
3.8
(3.3, 4.4)
-0.4
(-1.1, 0.3)
South
6.2
4.9
5.1
(4.7, 5.5)
0.2
(-0.4, 0.8)
West
4.9
4.2
3.4
(3.0, 3.8)
-0.9*
(-1.5, -0.2)
Characteristic
Employment Status
Homeownership
Household Type
Citizenship and Place of Birth
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Status
Geographic Region
Note: Monthly income volatility is not available for 2021. Asterisk indicates differences that are statistically significant at the 10 percent level. NA indicates that the sample size is
too small to produce a precise estimate.
4 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
A.3 Unbanked Rates by State, 2019–2023
All Households, Row Percent
2019
2021
2023
90% Confidence
Interval, 2023
Difference
(2023–2021)
90% Confidence
Interval, Difference
5.4
4.5
4.2
(4.0, 4.5)
-0.2
(-0.6, 0.1)
AL
7.6
4.7
5.2
(3.5, 7.6)
0.5
(-2.0, 2.9)
AK
3.4
4.8
2.2
(1.0, 4.8)
-2.5*
(-4.9, -0.2)
AZ
4.0
3.6
3.0
(2.1, 4.4)
-0.6
(-2.8, 1.5)
AR
7.1
3.4
6.4
(4.9, 8.5)
3.1*
(0.9, 5.2)
CA
5.6
5.0
4.3
(3.7, 5.0)
-0.7
(-1.8, 0.3)
CO
3.3
6.0
1.1
(0.2, 6.5)
-4.9*
(-7.5, -2.2)
CT
8.4
4.4
2.9
(1.6, 5.2)
-1.5
(-4.8, 1.8)
DE
2.8
2.0
3.5
(1.7, 7.0)
1.5
(-1.1, 4.1)
DC
8.0
4.5
7.2
(5.3, 9.8)
2.7*
(0.1, 5.3)
FL
3.8
3.7
3.2
(2.4, 4.3)
-0.5
(-1.8, 0.9)
GA
7.4
6.7
7.0
(5.1, 9.6)
0.3
(-2.3, 2.8)
HI
3.0
1.5
3.5
(2.1, 6.0)
2.0*
(0.1, 4.0)
ID
4.0
3.0
2.5
(1.4, 4.5)
-0.5
(-2.4, 1.4)
IL
6.6
4.4
6.6
(4.8, 9.1)
2.2
(-0.3, 4.7)
IN
4.5
5.6
4.8
(3.5, 6.4)
-0.8
(-3.3, 1.6)
IA
2.6
3.0
1.6
(0.6, 4.3)
-1.4
(-3.4, 0.6)
KS
5.5
3.8
3.4
(2.1, 5.4)
-0.4
(-2.5, 1.6)
KY
6.5
5.2
5.8
(4.2, 8.0)
0.6
(-1.7, 3.0)
LA
11.4
8.1
8.0
(6.2, 10.2)
-0.2
(-3.0, 2.6)
ME
2.3
1.3
2.6
(1.4, 4.7)
1.2
(-0.4, 2.9)
MD
3.8
5.0
3.4
(2.0, 5.8)
-1.6
(-4.6, 1.4)
MA
3.7
3.6
2.8
(1.6, 4.6)
-0.8
(-3.0, 1.4)
MI
5.7
5.4
3.2
(1.8, 5.6)
-2.2
(-4.6, 0.2)
MN
2.8
2.4
1.7
(0.7, 4.2)
-0.7
(-2.9, 1.6)
MS
12.8
11.1
9.4
(7.7, 11.3)
-1.7
(-4.2, 0.7)
MO
6.2
7.4
3.4
(2.0, 5.8)
-3.9*
(-6.6, -1.3)
MT
4.0
3.0
2.0
(1.2, 3.4)
-1.0
(-2.8, 0.7)
NE
6.5
3.0
2.5
(1.5, 4.3)
-0.4
(-2.2, 1.3)
NV
6.3
5.6
6.1
(4.1, 8.9)
0.5
(-2.7, 3.7)
NH
0.5
1.4
1.1
(0.5, 2.7)
-0.3
(-1.7, 1.1)
NJ
4.0
3.5
4.7
(2.8, 8.0)
1.2
(-1.7, 4.1)
NM
8.7
7.0
5.3
(3.6, 7.8)
-1.6
(-4.5, 1.2)
NY
5.6
5.9
5.1
(4.1, 6.3)
-0.8
(-2.6, 1.0)
Geography
All
State
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 5
A.3 Unbanked Rates by State, 2019–2023 (continued)
All Households, Row Percent
2019
2021
2023
90% Confidence
Interval, 2023
Difference
(2023–2021)
90% Confidence
Interval, Difference
NC
3.4
3.3
3.5
(2.5, 4.9)
0.2
(-1.5, 1.9)
ND
4.9
3.2
1.7
(0.5, 5.2)
-1.5
(-3.7, 0.7)
OH
4.6
3.5
4.2
(3.0, 5.9)
0.7
(-1.2, 2.6)
OK
8.8
5.4
6.2
(4.2, 9.2)
0.8
(-1.8, 3.4)
OR
3.8
1.6
2.0
(1.2, 3.2)
0.4
(-1.1, 1.9)
PA
4.0
2.6
3.0
(1.9, 4.6)
0.3
(-1.1, 1.8)
RI
4.4
3.5
2.9
(1.4, 5.9)
-0.6
(-3.1, 1.9)
SC
5.2
5.5
5.3
(3.6, 7.8)
-0.2
(-3.8, 3.4)
SD
4.9
3.7
3.8
(2.4, 5.8)
0.1
(-2.6, 2.8)
TN
8.1
5.0
5.7
(4.4, 7.4)
0.6
(-1.4, 2.6)
TX
7.7
5.6
6.5
(5.5, 7.7)
1.0
(-0.5, 2.4)
UT
0.8
1.2
1.2
(0.4, 2.9)
0.0
(-1.3, 1.2)
VT
0.7
2.5
0.9
(0.4, 2.3)
-1.5
(-3.1, 0.1)
VA
4.4
1.8
0.9
(0.4, 2.1)
-0.9
(-2.4, 0.6)
WA
4.6
2.1
1.8
(1.0, 3.2)
-0.3
(-2.1, 1.6)
WV
4.7
3.0
4.3
(3.1, 5.9)
1.3
(-0.9, 3.4)
WI
2.9
2.1
2.0
(1.2, 3.4)
-0.1
(-1.6, 1.5)
WY
3.6
1.3
1.8
(0.9, 3.6)
0.5
(-1.0, 2.0)
Geography
Note: Asterisk indicates differences that are statistically significant at the 10 percent level.
6 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
A.4 Unbanked Rates by MSA, 2019–2023
All Households, Row Percent
2019
2021
2023
90% Confidence
Interval, 2023
Difference
(2023–2021)
90% Confidence
Interval,
Difference
5.4
4.5
4.2
(4.0, 4.5)
-0.2
(-0.6, 0.1)
Albuquerque, NM
4.1
5.3
3.6
(1.9, 6.7)
-1.7
(-5.2, 1.8)
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA~
5.0
2.4
6.0
(3.7, 9.8)
3.6*
(0.4, 6.8)
Austin-Round Rock, TX
0.7
0.8
2.2
(0.8, 5.9)
1.4
(-0.9, 3.8)
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD
5.5
5.9
3.5
(1.7, 7.2)
-2.3
(-7.2, 2.5)
Birmingham-Hoover, AL
9.3
4.8
4.0
(1.9, 8.3)
-0.8
(-5.5, 3.9)
Boise City, ID
4.9
2.6
1.0
(0.4, 3.0)
-1.6
(-4.0, 0.9)
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH~
3.6
2.1
2.9
(1.6, 5.2)
0.8
(-1.3, 3.0)
–
1.5
0.7
(0.1, 5.2)
-0.9
(-3.0, 1.3)
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC~
2.2
2.2
2.0
(0.9, 4.4)
-0.2
(-2.6, 2.1)
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI
7.3
5.4
4.7
(3.2, 6.9)
-0.7
(-3.2, 1.7)
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN~
2.6
4.0
6.6
(3.4, 12.4)
2.6
(-2.4, 7.5)
Cleveland-Elyria, OH
3.5
2.0
5.4
(2.5, 11.2)
3.4
(-0.8, 7.6)
Columbus, OH~
5.8
2.0
7.2
(4.0, 12.6)
5.1*
(0.6, 9.7)
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX~
7.1
2.5
4.7
(2.9, 7.5)
2.2
(-0.3, 4.7)
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO
3.1
5.9
–
Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI
8.8
7.6
5.0
(2.6, 9.5)
-2.5
(-7.2, 2.1)
Fargo, ND-MN
1.4
3.6
–
Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, SC~
NA
NA
3.8
(1.2, 11.7)
NA
NA
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX~
10.4
8.1
9.4
(7.0, 12.5)
1.3
(-2.2, 4.8)
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN~
6.4
7.8
5.2
(2.8, 9.5)
-2.6
(-8.0, 2.8)
Jackson, MS~
17.1
9.1
4.0
(1.9, 8.2)
-5.1
(-11.5, 1.3)
Kansas City, MO-KS~
5.8
6.4
0.8
(0.1, 6.0)
-5.6*
(-10.0, -1.2)
Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV
5.5
5.2
6.2
(3.8, 9.8)
1.0
(-3.0, 4.9)
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR
5.1
2.8
6.0
(3.5, 10.0)
3.2
(-1.0, 7.4)
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA
7.1
4.2
4.5
(3.5, 5.8)
0.4
(-1.3, 2.0)
Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN~
4.8
3.5
5.4
(2.5, 11.3)
1.9
(-2.5, 6.4)
Manchester-Nashua, NH~
1.1
1.2
–
Memphis, TN-MS-AR~
17.0
9.4
15.2
(9.3, 23.9)
5.8
(-3.8, 15.5)
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL
3.9
3.2
4.0
(2.5, 6.5)
0.9
(-1.5, 3.3)
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI
5.9
1.5
3.4
(1.4, 8.3)
2.0
(-1.7, 5.7)
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI~
3.3
2.2
1.3
(0.3, 5.4)
-0.9
(-3.1, 1.3)
Nashville-Davidson-Murfreesboro-Franklin, TN~
5.3
3.8
3.0
(1.6, 5.7)
-0.7
(-4.0, 2.5)
New Orleans-Metairie, LA~
9.8
6.6
9.9
(6.0, 15.8)
3.3
(-2.2, 8.8)
Geography
All
MSA
Burlington-South Burlington, VT~
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 7
A.4 Unbanked Rates by MSA, 2019–2023 (continued)
All Households, Row Percent
2019
2021
2023
90% Confidence
Interval, 2023
Difference
(2023–2021)
90% Confidence
Interval,
Difference
New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA~
5.8
5.6
5.4
(4.1, 7.1)
-0.2
(-2.1, 1.7)
Oklahoma City, OK
9.3
5.5
5.5
(2.9, 10.0)
0.0
(-4.5, 4.6)
Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA
4.0
2.6
2.1
(0.8, 5.0)
-0.5
(-3.3, 2.3)
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL
3.5
1.5
0.5
(0.1, 4.4)
-0.9
(-2.8, 0.9)
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD
5.2
2.8
3.7
(2.3, 5.8)
0.9
(-1.5, 3.3)
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ
3.6
4.3
2.5
(1.5, 4.3)
-1.8
(-4.5, 0.8)
Pittsburgh, PA
3.4
1.6
4.5
(1.5, 12.6)
2.9
(-1.7, 7.6)
Portland-South Portland, ME~
1.6
0.9
–
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA
2.5
1.7
1.8
(0.8, 3.9)
0.1
(-2.0, 2.2)
Providence-Warwick, RI-MA~
4.8
7.3
2.7
(1.3, 5.5)
-4.6*
(-9.0, -0.2)
Richmond, VA~
NA
NA
1.5
(0.2, 9.8)
NA
NA
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA
7.0
5.2
4.4
(2.5, 7.5)
-0.8
(-4.6, 3.0)
Sacramento-Roseville-Arden-Arcade, CA
2.5
2.3
2.4
(0.8, 6.8)
0.1
(-2.8, 2.9)
St. Louis, MO-IL~
3.4
4.9
3.5
(1.9, 6.2)
-1.4
(-5.0, 2.3)
Salisbury, MD-DE~
NA
4.2
15.2
(7.4, 28.6)
11.0*
(0.1, 21.9)
Salt Lake City, UT~
1.1
1.2
2.2
(0.7, 6.2)
1.0
(-1.4, 3.4)
San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX
6.6
4.5
3.5
(1.7, 7.3)
-1.0
(-4.8, 2.9)
San Diego-Carlsbad, CA
4.0
0.4
2.8
(1.1, 7.0)
2.4
(-0.1, 4.8)
San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA
2.8
4.0
4.3
(2.6, 7.1)
0.3
(-2.7, 3.3)
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA
1.9
13.2
2.7
(1.1, 6.8)
-10.4*
(-17.6, -3.2)
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA
2.6
–
1.2
(0.4, 3.2)
Sioux Falls, SD
2.1
0.6
2.9
(1.1, 7.5)
2.2
(-0.6, 5.1)
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL
1.0
0.6
1.7
(0.7, 4.2)
1.1
(-0.6, 2.9)
Urban Honolulu, HI
3.2
1.7
3.7
(2.1, 6.5)
2.0
(-0.3, 4.3)
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC~
6.4
–
1.2
(0.1, 8.7)
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV~
3.2
2.9
1.5
(1.0, 2.3)
-1.5
(-3.0, 0.1)
Wichita, KS~
6.6
6.7
1.6
(0.4, 6.2)
-5.2*
(-10.0, -0.3)
Geography
Note: The tilde symbol indicates areas with geographic boundary changes between the 2013 and 2015 surveys; see Appendix 1 (FDIC Technical Notes) for details. Asterisk
indicates differences that are statistically significant at the 10 percent level. NA indicates that the sample size is too small to produce a precise estimate. The dash symbol
indicates an estimate of zero; the population proportion may be slightly greater than zero.
8 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
A.5 Interest in Having a Bank Account by Previous Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023
Unbanked Households, Row Percent
Number of
Households
(1000s)
Percent of
Households
Very Interested
Somewhat
Interested
Not Very
Interested
Not at All
Interested
5,640
100.0
11.5
17.6
19.7
51.2
Previously Banked
2,672
100.0
16.5
18.2
17.8
47.5
Never Banked
2,968
100.0
7.0
17.0
21.4
54.6
Less Than $15,000
2,395
100.0
11.4
17.4
17.9
53.3
$15,000 to $30,000
1,368
100.0
10.3
18.1
21.1
50.5
$30,000 to $50,000
1,013
100.0
14.3
15.3
23.8
46.6
$50,000 to $75,000
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
At Least $75,000
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
No High School Diploma
1,953
100.0
9.8
16.7
20.9
52.6
High School Diploma
2,116
100.0
10.1
19.6
19.1
51.2
Some College
1,117
100.0
15.9
13.5
19.8
50.9
College Degree
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
15 to 24 Years
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
25 to 34 Years
1,096
100.0
10.7
27.3
19.4
42.6
35 to 44 Years
1,098
100.0
11.5
21.3
18.0
49.2
45 to 54 Years
935
100.0
15.3
15.3
22.1
47.2
55 to 64 Years
1,044
100.0
12.9
13.2
19.7
54.2
65 Years or More
1,094
100.0
5.2
8.7
18.3
67.8
Black
1,822
100.0
11.9
20.0
16.5
51.6
Hispanic
1,882
100.0
12.4
20.1
24.4
43.1
Asian
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
American Indian or Alaska Native
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,602
100.0
11.0
13.4
17.5
58.1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
1,215
100.0
13.8
15.5
18.1
52.6
Not Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
2,959
100.0
11.9
21.2
20.4
46.5
Not Applicable (Not Aged 25 to 64)
1,466
100.0
8.8
12.0
19.5
59.7
Characteristic
All
Previous Bank Account Ownership
Family Income
Education
Age Group
Race/Ethnicity
White
Two or More Races
Disability Status
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 9
A.5 Interest in Having a Bank Account by Previous Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023 (continued)
Unbanked Households, Row Percent
Number of
Households
(1000s)
Percent of
Households
Very Interested
Somewhat
Interested
Not Very
Interested
Not at All
Interested
Income Was About the Same Each Month
4,234
100.0
10.0
17.6
18.8
53.7
Income Varied Somewhat From Month to Month
1,001
100.0
10.6
18.4
22.4
48.6
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2,333
100.0
11.8
17.8
22.6
47.7
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2,925
100.0
9.3
15.6
17.0
58.1
Homeowner
1,406
100.0
9.7
18.1
19.8
52.4
Non-Homeowner
4,234
100.0
12.1
17.4
19.6
50.9
Married Couple
1,014
100.0
12.2
18.7
22.3
46.8
Unmarried Female-Householder Family
1,292
100.0
13.4
22.9
18.6
45.2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Female-Householder Nonfamily
1,317
100.0
9.9
13.9
17.9
58.3
Male-Householder Nonfamily
1,507
100.0
11.4
12.8
19.3
56.5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3,935
100.0
10.9
17.4
17.9
53.8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,258
100.0
12.4
20.2
26.3
41.1
4,759
100.0
12.6
18.1
20.6
48.8
Not in Metropolitan Area
839
100.0
6.1
14.5
14.3
65.0
Not Identified
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
902
100.0
15.8
13.0
15.5
55.7
Midwest
1,103
100.0
11.8
15.4
21.7
51.0
South
2,633
100.0
10.2
18.6
20.4
50.8
West
1,002
100.0
10.7
21.3
19.3
48.7
Characteristic
Monthly Income Volatility
Income Varied a Lot From Month to Month
Employment Status
Employed
Unemployed
Not in Labor Force
Homeownership
Household Type
Unmarried Male-Householder Family
Other
Citizenship and Place of Birth
U.S.-Born
Foreign-Born Citizen
Foreign-Born Noncitizen
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Status
Metropolitan Area
Geographic Region
Northeast
Note: Row percentages sum to 100. NA indicates that the sample size is too small to produce a precise estimate.
10 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
A.6 All Reasons for Not Having a Bank Account by Interest in Having a Bank Account, 2023
Unbanked Households, Column Percent
All
Very Interested
Somewhat
Interested
Not Very
Interested
Not at All
Interested
Number of Households (1000s)
5,640
649
991
1,109
2,890
Percent of Households
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Yes
16.3
5.2
19.4
19.3
16.5
No
83.7
94.8
80.6
80.7
83.5
Yes
30.7
22.0
36.0
36.8
28.5
No
69.3
78.0
64.0
63.2
71.5
Yes
29.3
14.8
32.9
33.1
29.8
No
70.7
85.2
67.1
66.9
70.2
Yes
20.0
7.7
21.6
24.7
20.4
No
80.0
92.3
78.4
75.3
79.6
Yes
36.0
19.7
32.0
34.3
41.7
No
64.0
80.3
68.0
65.7
58.3
Yes
42.3
37.7
52.5
45.8
38.5
No
57.7
62.3
47.5
54.2
61.5
Yes
33.9
13.9
30.9
36.0
38.7
No
66.1
86.1
69.1
64.0
61.3
Yes
13.0
16.5
16.3
14.5
10.6
No
87.0
83.5
83.7
85.5
89.4
Yes
12.3
13.5
13.0
12.9
11.5
No
87.7
86.5
87.0
87.1
88.5
Yes
22.0
26.6
16.8
21.8
22.8
No
78.0
73.4
83.2
78.2
77.2
Yes
15.0
19.5
15.1
8.2
16.6
No
85.0
80.5
84.9
91.8
83.4
Bank Locations Are Inconvenient
Bank Account Fees Are Too High
Bank Account Fees Are Too Unpredictable
Banks Do Not Offer Needed Products and Services
Don’t Trust Banks
Don’t Have Enough Money to Meet Minimum Balance Requirements
Avoiding a Bank Gives More Privacy
Don’t Have Personal Identification Required to Open an Account
Problems With Past Banking or Credit History
Other Reason
Did Not Select a Reason
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 11
A.7 Main Reason for Not Having a Bank Account by Interest in Having a Bank Account, 2023
Unbanked Households, Column Percent
All
Very Interested
Somewhat
Interested
Not Very
Interested
Not at All
Interested
Number of Households (1000s)
5,640
649
991
1,109
2,890
Percent of Households
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Bank Locations Are Inconvenient
2.5
–
3.1
4.0
2.3
Bank Account Fees Are Too High
8.9
9.4
7.3
14.6
7.1
Bank Account Fees Are Too Unpredictable
1.2
1.3
2.0
1.7
0.8
Banks Do Not Offer Needed Products and Services
1.7
–
1.5
0.9
2.5
Don’t Trust Banks
15.7
10.6
11.1
12.3
19.7
Don’t Have Enough Money to Meet Minimum Balance
Requirements
23.3
20.0
36.1
24.4
19.2
Avoiding a Bank Gives More Privacy
5.1
2.6
3.1
7.1
5.6
Don’t Have Personal Identification Required to Open an Account
5.1
8.9
5.9
4.7
4.2
Problems With Past Banking or Credit History
3.4
8.4
2.3
2.8
2.9
Other Reason
18.1
19.4
12.5
19.3
19.2
Did Not Select a Reason
15.0
19.5
15.1
8.2
16.6
Main Reason Unbanked
Note: Column percentages sum to 100. The dash symbol indicates an estimate of zero; the population proportion may be slightly greater than zero.
12 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
A.8 All Reasons for Not Having a Bank Account by Previous Bank Account Ownership, 2023
Unbanked Households, Column Percent
All
Previously Banked
Never Banked
Number of Households (1000s)
5,640
2,672
2,968
Percent of Households
100.0
100.0
100.0
Yes
16.3
14.2
18.2
No
83.7
85.8
81.8
Yes
30.7
32.8
28.8
No
69.3
67.2
71.2
Yes
29.3
30.6
28.1
No
70.7
69.4
71.9
Yes
20.0
22.0
18.2
No
80.0
78.0
81.8
Yes
36.0
38.2
34.1
No
64.0
61.8
65.9
Yes
42.3
43.3
41.4
No
57.7
56.7
58.6
Yes
33.9
34.3
33.6
No
66.1
65.7
66.4
Yes
13.0
4.8
20.4
No
87.0
95.2
79.6
Yes
12.3
13.5
11.3
No
87.7
86.5
88.7
Yes
22.0
24.3
19.9
No
78.0
75.7
80.1
Yes
15.0
13.4
16.5
No
85.0
86.6
83.5
Bank Locations Are Inconvenient
Bank Account Fees Are Too High
Bank Account Fees Are Too Unpredictable
Banks Do Not Offer Needed Products and Services
Don’t Trust Banks
Don’t Have Enough Money to Meet Minimum Balance Requirements
Avoiding a Bank Gives More Privacy
Don’t Have Personal Identification Required to Open an Account
Problems With Past Banking or Credit History
Other Reason
Did Not Select a Reason
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 13
A.9 Main Reason for Not Having a Bank Account by Previous Bank Account Ownership, 2023
Unbanked Households, Column Percent
All
Previously Banked
Never Banked
Number of Households (1000s)
5,640
2,672
2,968
Percent of Households
100.0
100.0
100.0
Bank Locations Are Inconvenient
2.5
2.7
2.4
Bank Account Fees Are Too High
8.9
10.3
7.6
Bank Account Fees Are Too Unpredictable
1.2
1.9
0.6
Banks Do Not Offer Needed Products and Services
1.7
2.2
1.2
Don’t Trust Banks
15.7
14.7
16.6
Don’t Have Enough Money to Meet Minimum Balance Requirements
23.3
24.4
22.2
Avoiding a Bank Gives More Privacy
5.1
4.6
5.5
Don’t Have Personal Identification Required to Open an Account
5.1
0.6
9.3
Problems With Past Banking or Credit History
3.4
5.2
1.8
Other Reason
18.1
20.1
16.2
Did Not Select a Reason
15.0
13.4
16.5
Main Reason Unbanked
Note: Column percentages sum to 100.
14 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
B.1 Primary Method of Bank Account Access by Household Characteristics, 2023
Banked Households That Accessed Their Account in the Past 12 Months, Row Percent
Number of
Households
(1000s)
Percent of
Households
ATM
Bank Teller
Mobile
Banking
Online
Banking
Telephone
Banking
Other
126,222
100.0
13.8
15.1
48.3
19.8
2.3
0.7
Less Than $15,000
8,065
100.0
20.6
27.4
35.1
10.2
5.2
1.5
$15,000 to $30,000
13,426
100.0
19.9
27.8
31.9
13.5
5.6
1.3
$30,000 to $50,000
21,334
100.0
16.7
21.4
42.8
14.9
3.3
0.9
$50,000 to $75,000
23,230
100.0
14.5
15.7
48.8
18.3
2.1
0.6
At Least $75,000
60,168
100.0
10.2
8.2
55.6
24.8
0.9
0.3
No High School Diploma
7,619
100.0
25.1
32.4
31.5
5.5
4.1
1.5
High School Diploma
29,483
100.0
18.0
22.1
42.3
13.1
3.6
0.9
Some College
35,195
100.0
14.2
15.2
49.2
18.0
2.6
0.7
College Degree
53,924
100.0
9.6
8.8
53.5
26.6
1.2
0.4
15 to 24 Years
5,822
100.0
9.9
5.5
76.6
6.7
1.1
0.3
25 to 34 Years
19,913
100.0
9.8
4.6
74.8
9.8
0.7
0.3
35 to 44 Years
22,035
100.0
12.0
6.4
66.4
14.0
0.8
0.3
45 to 54 Years
20,556
100.0
13.2
10.3
54.7
20.1
1.2
0.5
55 to 64 Years
22,614
100.0
16.0
15.8
39.7
25.8
2.3
0.5
65 Years or More
35,282
100.0
16.7
30.4
19.3
27.2
5.1
1.4
Black
15,014
100.0
19.2
16.5
48.5
12.2
2.9
0.7
Hispanic
17,595
100.0
17.7
14.6
54.7
11.0
1.5
0.5
Asian
7,102
100.0
9.9
11.1
54.3
22.5
1.3
0.9
American Indian or Alaska Native
821
100.0
25.6
12.7
48.9
10.4
2.4
0.1
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
382
100.0
17.3
14.2
57.2
9.7
1.5
–
White
83,375
100.0
12.2
15.4
46.2
23.0
2.5
0.7
Two or More Races
1,932
100.0
12.7
10.4
57.7
15.7
3.3
0.2
Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
9,336
100.0
15.9
18.4
47.4
13.2
4.3
0.8
Not Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
75,782
100.0
12.5
8.3
59.8
18.2
0.9
0.3
Not Applicable (Not Aged 25 to 64)
41,104
100.0
15.7
26.9
27.4
24.3
4.5
1.2
Income Was About the Same Each Month
101,327
100.0
14.0
16.0
45.9
20.7
2.6
0.8
Income Varied Somewhat From Month to Month
20,403
100.0
13.1
10.9
58.5
15.8
1.4
0.3
Income Varied a Lot From Month to Month
4,492
100.0
11.2
13.3
56.6
17.6
1.1
0.1
Characteristic
All
Family Income
Education
Age Group
Race/Ethnicity
Disability Status
Monthly Income Volatility
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 15
B.1 Primary Method of Bank Account Access by Household Characteristics, 2023 (continued)
Banked Households That Accessed Their Account in the Past 12 Months, Row Percent
Number of
Households
(1000s)
Percent of
Households
ATM
Bank Teller
Mobile
Banking
Online
Banking
Telephone
Banking
Other
Employed
79,918
100.0
11.9
9.0
59.7
18.0
1.0
0.4
Unemployed
2,454
100.0
15.5
9.1
59.4
14.6
1.0
0.3
Not in Labor Force
43,849
100.0
17.1
26.7
26.9
23.3
4.8
1.2
Homeowner
86,256
100.0
12.9
16.3
44.2
23.8
2.2
0.6
Non-Homeowner
39,966
100.0
15.6
12.7
57.2
11.1
2.6
0.9
Married Couple
60,651
100.0
12.0
13.1
48.5
24.4
1.6
0.4
Unmarried Female-Householder Family
13,747
100.0
16.6
12.5
56.3
11.9
2.2
0.6
Unmarried Male-Householder Family
6,707
100.0
18.1
13.0
53.8
12.3
2.3
0.5
Female-Householder Nonfamily
23,099
100.0
13.4
21.3
41.9
18.1
4.0
1.3
Male-Householder Nonfamily
21,809
100.0
16.0
16.6
47.9
16.2
2.5
0.8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
U.S.-Born
107,680
100.0
13.4
14.7
48.3
20.5
2.5
0.7
Foreign-Born Citizen
11,094
100.0
14.2
20.0
45.4
18.6
1.3
0.6
Foreign-Born Noncitizen
7,448
100.0
19.1
13.5
53.6
11.0
2.0
0.7
Metropolitan Area
108,878
100.0
13.3
13.8
49.8
20.4
2.1
0.7
Not in Metropolitan Area
16,316
100.0
16.2
24.0
39.0
16.3
3.8
0.6
Not Identified
1,028
100.0
20.9
17.3
46.1
10.1
4.9
0.7
Northeast
22,099
100.0
16.9
17.3
41.6
21.6
1.9
0.8
Midwest
27,167
100.0
12.3
17.0
47.8
19.3
2.9
0.7
South
48,448
100.0
13.5
14.9
49.9
18.4
2.5
0.7
West
28,507
100.0
13.2
12.0
51.4
21.2
1.8
0.4
Characteristic
Employment Status
Homeownership
Household Type
Other
Citizenship and Place of Birth
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Status
Geographic Region
Note: Row percentages sum to 100. NA indicates that the sample size is too small to produce a precise estimate. The dash symbol indicates an estimate of zero; the population
proportion may be slightly greater than zero.
16 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
B.2 Bank Teller as Primary Method of Bank Account Access by Household Characteristics, 2019–2023
Banked Households That Accessed Their Account in the Past 12 Months, Row Percent
2019
2021
2023
90% Confidence
Interval, 2023
Difference
(2023–2021)
90% Confidence
Interval,
Difference
21.0
14.9
15.1
(14.7, 15.6)
0.2
(-0.4, 0.8)
Less Than $15,000
35.9
24.9
27.4
(25.4, 29.4)
2.4
(-0.3, 5.1)
$15,000 to $30,000
31.7
24.8
27.8
(26.2, 29.4)
3.0*
(0.9, 5.1)
$30,000 to $50,000
24.7
19.5
21.4
(20.3, 22.5)
1.9*
(0.4, 3.3)
$50,000 to $75,000
20.3
14.5
15.7
(14.8, 16.7)
1.2
(-0.1, 2.5)
At Least $75,000
13.1
8.3
8.2
(7.7, 8.7)
-0.1
(-0.8, 0.6)
No High School Diploma
39.6
33.4
32.4
(30.3, 34.6)
-1.0
(-3.9, 1.9)
High School Diploma
30.3
22.0
22.1
(21.0, 23.2)
0.1
(-1.4, 1.7)
Some College
20.3
14.5
15.2
(14.5, 16.0)
0.7
(-0.3, 1.8)
College Degree
12.9
8.4
8.8
(8.3, 9.3)
0.4
(-0.3, 1.1)
15 to 24 Years
10.2
4.1
5.5
(4.5, 6.8)
1.4
(-0.2, 3.0)
25 to 34 Years
8.0
4.8
4.6
(3.9, 5.4)
-0.1
(-1.1, 0.9)
35 to 44 Years
10.6
6.3
6.4
(5.7, 7.2)
0.1
(-0.9, 1.1)
45 to 54 Years
15.5
9.9
10.3
(9.5, 11.1)
0.3
(-0.8, 1.5)
55 to 64 Years
24.3
16.5
15.8
(14.9, 16.7)
-0.7
(-2.0, 0.7)
65 Years or More
39.2
30.5
30.4
(29.4, 31.5)
0.0
(-1.4, 1.3)
Black
20.6
15.6
16.5
(15.3, 17.9)
1.0
(-0.8, 2.7)
Hispanic
20.9
14.8
14.6
(13.6, 15.7)
-0.1
(-1.7, 1.5)
Asian
18.4
12.0
11.1
(9.7, 12.8)
-0.9
(-2.8, 1.1)
American Indian or Alaska Native
23.2
11.1
12.7
(9.1, 17.4)
1.6
(-4.2, 7.4)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
NA
NA
14.2
(8.7, 22.4)
NA
NA
White
21.4
15.3
15.4
(14.9, 16.0)
0.2
(-0.5, 0.9)
Two or More Races
14.0
8.7
10.4
(7.7, 14.0)
1.8
(-2.4, 5.9)
Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
23.3
16.1
18.4
(16.6, 20.3)
2.3
(-0.1, 4.8)
Not Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
13.9
8.8
8.3
(7.9, 8.8)
-0.5
(-1.1, 0.2)
Not Applicable (Not Aged 25 to 64)
34.8
26.8
26.9
(26.0, 27.8)
0.1
(-1.0, 1.3)
Characteristic
All
Family Income
Education
Age Group
Race/Ethnicity
Disability Status
Monthly Income Volatility
Income Was About the Same Each Month
21.8
16.0
(15.6, 16.5)
Income Varied Somewhat From Month to Month
17.5
10.9
(10.1, 11.8)
Income Varied a Lot From Month to Month
21.5
13.3
(11.5, 15.4)
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 17
B.2 Bank Teller as Primary Method of Bank Account Access by Household Characteristics, 2019–2023 (continued)
Banked Households That Accessed Their Account in the Past 12 Months, Row Percent
2019
2021
2023
90% Confidence
Interval, 2023
Difference
(2023–2021)
90% Confidence
Interval,
Difference
Employed
14.3
9.1
9.0
(8.6, 9.4)
-0.2
(-0.8, 0.5)
Unemployed
18.6
11.8
9.1
(6.9, 12.0)
-2.7
(-6.1, 0.8)
Not in Labor Force
33.8
25.8
26.7
(25.8, 27.6)
0.9
(-0.3, 2.1)
Homeowner
22.6
16.0
16.3
(15.7, 16.8)
0.3
(-0.5, 1.1)
Non-Homeowner
17.6
12.7
12.7
(12.0, 13.4)
-0.1
(-1.0, 0.8)
Married Couple
19.7
13.7
13.1
(12.6, 13.6)
-0.6
(-1.4, 0.2)
Unmarried Female-Householder Family
18.3
12.1
12.5
(11.4, 13.7)
0.4
(-1.2, 1.9)
Unmarried Male-Householder Family
20.8
13.7
13.0
(11.4, 14.9)
-0.7
(-3.0, 1.7)
Female-Householder Nonfamily
26.4
19.9
21.3
(20.2, 22.5)
1.4*
(0.0, 2.8)
Male-Householder Nonfamily
20.5
15.3
16.6
(15.7, 17.7)
1.3*
(0.0, 2.6)
Other
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
U.S.-Born
20.8
14.6
14.7
(14.3, 15.2)
0.1
(-0.5, 0.7)
Foreign-Born Citizen
23.9
17.1
20.0
(18.4, 21.8)
2.9*
(0.8, 5.0)
Foreign-Born Noncitizen
19.2
16.0
13.5
(11.9, 15.3)
-2.5*
(-4.9, -0.1)
Metropolitan Area
19.1
13.3
13.8
(13.4, 14.2)
0.5
(-0.1, 1.1)
Not in Metropolitan Area
33.4
25.5
24.0
(22.7, 25.3)
-1.6
(-3.5, 0.4)
Not Identified
28.1
15.8
17.3
(12.6, 23.2)
1.4
(-5.8, 8.7)
Northeast
22.0
17.6
17.3
(16.3, 18.4)
-0.3
(-1.7, 1.2)
Midwest
22.6
17.3
17.0
(16.1, 17.9)
-0.3
(-1.6, 0.9)
South
21.2
14.3
14.9
(14.2, 15.6)
0.6
(-0.3, 1.6)
West
18.2
11.8
12.0
(11.2, 12.9)
0.2
(-0.9, 1.3)
Characteristic
Employment Status
Homeownership
Household Type
Citizenship and Place of Birth
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Status
Geographic Region
Note: Monthly income volatility is not available for 2021. Asterisk indicates differences that are statistically significant at the 10 percent level. NA indicates that the sample size is
too small to produce a precise estimate.
18 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
B.3 Mobile Banking as Primary Method of Bank Account Access by Household Characteristics, 2019–2023
Banked Households That Accessed Their Account in the Past 12 Months, Row Percent
2019
2021
2023
90% Confidence
Interval, 2023
Difference
(2023–2021)
90% Confidence
Interval,
Difference
34.0
43.5
48.3
(47.8, 48.9)
4.9*
(4.1, 5.7)
Less Than $15,000
23.5
33.9
35.1
(32.8, 37.5)
1.2
(-2.0, 4.5)
$15,000 to $30,000
25.9
33.4
31.9
(30.2, 33.6)
-1.5
(-3.7, 0.7)
$30,000 to $50,000
33.2
39.4
42.8
(41.4, 44.3)
3.4*
(1.4, 5.4)
$50,000 to $75,000
35.9
44.9
48.8
(47.5, 50.1)
3.9*
(2.0, 5.7)
At Least $75,000
38.1
49.3
55.6
(54.7, 56.4)
6.2*
(5.0, 7.5)
No High School Diploma
19.2
24.3
31.5
(29.2, 33.9)
7.2*
(3.9, 10.4)
High School Diploma
27.3
38.0
42.3
(40.9, 43.6)
4.3*
(2.5, 6.0)
Some College
36.5
45.6
49.2
(48.2, 50.3)
3.6*
(2.2, 5.0)
College Degree
38.6
48.0
53.5
(52.6, 54.3)
5.5*
(4.2, 6.8)
15 to 24 Years
62.9
74.1
76.6
(73.9, 79.0)
2.5
(-1.0, 6.1)
25 to 34 Years
61.7
69.4
74.8
(73.4, 76.2)
5.4*
(3.4, 7.4)
35 to 44 Years
49.8
60.5
66.4
(65.0, 67.7)
5.9*
(4.0, 7.8)
45 to 54 Years
36.3
49.1
54.7
(53.4, 56.0)
5.6*
(3.7, 7.6)
55 to 64 Years
21.3
33.2
39.7
(38.3, 41.1)
6.5*
(4.5, 8.5)
65 Years or More
8.3
15.3
19.3
(18.5, 20.1)
4.0*
(2.9, 5.2)
Black
37.2
45.4
48.5
(46.6, 50.3)
3.0*
(0.4, 5.6)
Hispanic
41.3
49.6
54.7
(53.0, 56.3)
5.1*
(2.9, 7.3)
Asian
39.3
48.6
54.3
(51.8, 56.7)
5.7*
(2.7, 8.6)
American Indian or Alaska Native
30.5
50.6
48.9
(41.6, 56.2)
-1.7
(-11.6, 8.2)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
NA
NA
57.2
(46.0, 67.7)
NA
NA
White
31.4
41.1
46.2
(45.6, 46.8)
5.1*
(4.2, 6.0)
Two or More Races
45.5
52.3
57.7
(52.8, 62.5)
5.4
(-1.4, 12.1)
Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
29.8
42.3
47.4
(45.3, 49.5)
5.0*
(1.9, 8.2)
Not Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
42.9
53.7
59.8
(59.1, 60.5)
6.1*
(5.1, 7.2)
Not Applicable (Not Aged 25 to 64)
16.7
23.5
27.4
(26.5, 28.3)
3.9*
(2.6, 5.1)
Characteristic
All
Family Income
Education
Age Group
Race/Ethnicity
Disability Status
Monthly Income Volatility
Income Was About the Same Each Month
32.0
45.9
(45.3, 46.6)
Income Varied Somewhat From Month to Month
40.8
58.5
(57.1, 59.9)
Income Varied a Lot From Month to Month
40.6
56.6
(53.5, 59.6)
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 19
B.3 Mobile Banking as Primary Method of Bank Account Access by Household Characteristics, 2019–2023 (continued)
Banked Households That Accessed Their Account in the Past 12 Months, Row Percent
2019
2021
2023
90% Confidence
Interval, 2023
Difference
(2023–2021)
90% Confidence
Interval,
Difference
Employed
43.3
53.9
59.7
(59.0, 60.5)
5.8*
(4.7, 6.9)
Unemployed
37.4
48.7
59.4
(55.2, 63.5)
10.7*
(5.6, 15.7)
Not in Labor Force
15.9
23.9
26.9
(26.0, 27.9)
3.1*
(1.8, 4.3)
Homeowner
29.1
39.4
44.2
(43.5, 44.9)
4.8*
(3.8, 5.8)
Non-Homeowner
43.9
51.6
57.2
(56.1, 58.4)
5.6*
(4.2, 7.0)
Married Couple
32.7
42.5
48.5
(47.7, 49.3)
5.9*
(4.8, 7.1)
Unmarried Female-Householder Family
41.9
52.4
56.3
(54.5, 58.0)
3.9*
(1.4, 6.4)
Unmarried Male-Householder Family
38.4
48.8
53.8
(51.2, 56.4)
5.0*
(1.2, 8.8)
Female-Householder Nonfamily
30.1
37.6
41.9
(40.5, 43.4)
4.3*
(2.6, 6.1)
Male-Householder Nonfamily
35.3
44.6
47.9
(46.5, 49.4)
3.3*
(1.5, 5.1)
Other
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
U.S.-Born
33.8
43.2
48.3
(47.7, 48.9)
5.1*
(4.2, 5.9)
Foreign-Born Citizen
31.5
43.1
45.4
(43.2, 47.6)
2.3
(-0.6, 5.2)
Foreign-Born Noncitizen
40.8
47.8
53.6
(51.2, 56.0)
5.8*
(2.3, 9.4)
Metropolitan Area
35.4
44.7
49.8
(49.1, 50.4)
5.0*
(4.2, 5.9)
Not in Metropolitan Area
24.3
35.3
39.0
(37.3, 40.8)
3.7*
(1.4, 6.1)
Not Identified
33.4
40.9
46.1
(38.0, 54.4)
5.2
(-3.7, 14.0)
Northeast
28.7
36.6
41.6
(40.2, 42.9)
5.0*
(3.1, 6.8)
Midwest
33.2
44.3
47.8
(46.6, 49.0)
3.5*
(1.9, 5.1)
South
35.8
45.3
49.9
(48.9, 51.0)
4.6*
(3.2, 6.0)
West
35.6
44.7
51.4
(50.0, 52.8)
6.7*
(5.0, 8.4)
Characteristic
Employment Status
Homeownership
Household Type
Citizenship and Place of Birth
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Status
Geographic Region
Note: Monthly income volatility is not available for 2021. Asterisk indicates differences that are statistically significant at the 10 percent level. NA indicates that the sample size is
too small to produce a precise estimate.
20 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
B.4 All Methods of Bank Account Access by Household Characteristics, 2023
Banked Households That Accessed Their Account in the Past 12 Months, Row Percent
Number of
Households
(1000s)
Percent of
Households
ATM
Bank Teller
Mobile
Banking
Online
Banking
Telephone
Banking
Other
126,222
100.0
79.2
67.9
74.9
65.1
44.9
1.5
Less Than $15,000
8,065
100.0
68.8
64.5
56.6
37.7
41.6
1.9
$15,000 to $30,000
13,426
100.0
69.8
68.0
54.5
38.8
43.2
2.4
$30,000 to $50,000
21,334
100.0
74.7
68.9
65.8
50.7
44.3
1.9
$50,000 to $75,000
23,230
100.0
78.4
67.1
74.7
63.6
44.2
1.3
At Least $75,000
60,168
100.0
84.6
68.3
85.1
80.3
46.3
1.2
No High School Diploma
7,619
100.0
71.9
67.3
53.0
30.3
38.6
2.5
High School Diploma
29,483
100.0
75.9
68.4
65.9
47.8
43.3
1.6
Some College
35,195
100.0
79.3
68.8
74.7
62.5
46.8
1.5
College Degree
53,924
100.0
81.9
67.1
82.9
81.1
45.5
1.3
15 to 24 Years
5,822
100.0
80.2
52.6
92.1
58.0
42.5
0.9
25 to 34 Years
19,913
100.0
84.4
56.6
93.9
67.7
42.8
0.9
35 to 44 Years
22,035
100.0
85.5
60.9
90.7
72.0
42.8
1.0
45 to 54 Years
20,556
100.0
85.8
68.9
84.4
71.4
46.0
1.3
55 to 64 Years
22,614
100.0
81.2
71.7
72.6
67.7
45.6
1.4
65 Years or More
35,282
100.0
67.0
78.1
47.2
55.0
46.8
2.4
Black
15,014
100.0
82.9
65.6
74.4
56.9
48.4
1.2
Hispanic
17,595
100.0
82.7
60.7
79.5
55.7
42.2
1.7
Asian
7,102
100.0
77.8
60.5
83.4
76.3
38.5
1.5
American Indian or Alaska Native
821
100.0
84.5
68.8
71.3
52.7
53.1
1.4
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
382
100.0
86.0
62.3
79.0
55.7
43.6
–
White
83,375
100.0
77.7
70.6
73.0
67.8
45.4
1.5
Two or More Races
1,932
100.0
81.1
62.4
83.1
64.0
44.3
1.0
Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
9,336
100.0
79.7
67.0
72.5
52.3
47.5
1.5
Not Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
75,782
100.0
84.7
64.4
86.7
71.9
43.9
1.1
Not Applicable (Not Aged 25 to 64)
41,104
100.0
68.8
74.5
53.6
55.5
46.2
2.2
Income Was About the Same Each Month
101,327
100.0
78.2
67.4
72.6
64.9
44.1
1.6
Income Varied Somewhat From Month to Month
20,403
100.0
83.4
69.2
84.1
65.9
47.7
1.0
Income Varied a Lot From Month to Month
4,492
100.0
81.9
73.0
84.1
65.5
50.6
2.2
Characteristic
All
Family Income
Education
Age Group
Race/Ethnicity
Disability Status
Monthly Income Volatility
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 21
B.4 All Methods of Bank Account Access by Household Characteristics, 2023 (continued)
Banked Households That Accessed Their Account in the Past 12 Months, Row Percent
Number of
Households
(1000s)
Percent of
Households
ATM
Bank Teller
Mobile
Banking
Online
Banking
Telephone
Banking
Other
Employed
79,918
100.0
84.0
64.7
86.0
70.6
43.8
1.2
Unemployed
2,454
100.0
87.4
63.0
83.9
63.6
46.5
1.2
Not in Labor Force
43,849
100.0
70.0
74.1
54.0
55.2
46.9
2.1
Homeowner
86,256
100.0
78.5
72.0
73.1
69.5
46.0
1.4
Non-Homeowner
39,966
100.0
80.5
59.1
78.6
55.6
42.6
1.7
Married Couple
60,651
100.0
81.7
71.3
78.8
73.9
47.4
1.2
Unmarried Female-Householder Family
13,747
100.0
83.9
65.6
81.4
58.2
46.2
1.5
Unmarried Male-Householder Family
6,707
100.0
84.6
62.8
79.9
60.7
42.6
1.7
Female-Householder Nonfamily
23,099
100.0
70.3
66.6
63.4
54.4
44.2
2.0
Male-Householder Nonfamily
21,809
100.0
77.0
63.1
70.1
57.7
38.6
1.6
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
U.S.-Born
107,680
100.0
79.2
68.7
74.6
65.9
45.5
1.5
Foreign-Born Citizen
11,094
100.0
78.5
65.8
74.0
64.9
43.2
1.5
Foreign-Born Noncitizen
7,448
100.0
80.0
59.2
80.0
52.9
39.8
1.6
Metropolitan Area
108,878
100.0
79.9
66.6
76.6
67.2
44.0
1.5
Not in Metropolitan Area
16,316
100.0
74.6
76.7
63.6
51.9
50.8
1.1
Not Identified
1,028
100.0
76.2
69.3
72.5
52.0
50.2
1.2
Northeast
22,099
100.0
82.8
69.5
70.4
65.4
43.0
1.7
Midwest
27,167
100.0
78.2
73.4
72.9
62.7
46.8
1.4
South
48,448
100.0
76.7
64.6
76.1
63.8
45.0
1.4
West
28,507
100.0
81.4
67.0
78.0
69.2
44.5
1.6
Characteristic
Employment Status
Homeownership
Household Type
Other
Citizenship and Place of Birth
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Status
Geographic Region
Note: Row percentages sum to more than 100 because households could select more than one bank account access method. NA indicates that the sample size is too small to
produce a precise estimate. The dash symbol indicates an estimate of zero; the population proportion may be slightly greater than zero.
22 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
B.5 Bank Teller as Only Method of Bank Account Access by Household Characteristics, 2019–2023
Banked Households That Accessed Their Account in the Past 12 Months, Row Percent
2019
2021
2023
90% Confidence
Interval, 2023
Difference
(2023–2021)
90% Confidence
Interval,
Difference
5.7
3.9
3.6
(3.4, 3.8)
-0.3
(-0.6, 0.0)
Less Than $15,000
13.7
8.8
9.2
(8.0, 10.5)
0.4
(-1.3, 2.0)
$15,000 to $30,000
10.6
8.2
9.1
(8.1, 10.1)
0.9
(-0.5, 2.2)
$30,000 to $50,000
7.2
5.1
5.3
(4.7, 5.9)
0.2
(-0.6, 1.0)
$50,000 to $75,000
4.9
3.3
3.2
(2.7, 3.7)
-0.2
(-0.7, 0.4)
At Least $75,000
2.2
1.4
1.2
(1.0, 1.4)
-0.1
(-0.4, 0.1)
No High School Diploma
13.6
11.7
11.3
(9.7, 13.0)
-0.4
(-2.5, 1.7)
High School Diploma
9.6
6.5
5.8
(5.3, 6.4)
-0.7
(-1.5, 0.1)
Some College
4.7
3.2
3.4
(3.1, 3.8)
0.2
(-0.3, 0.7)
College Degree
2.8
1.6
1.5
(1.3, 1.7)
-0.2
(-0.5, 0.1)
15 to 24 Years
1.3
0.7
1.0
(0.6, 1.9)
0.3
(-0.5, 1.2)
25 to 34 Years
0.9
0.6
0.6
(0.4, 1.0)
0.1
(-0.3, 0.4)
35 to 44 Years
1.5
0.9
0.9
(0.6, 1.2)
0.0
(-0.4, 0.3)
45 to 54 Years
2.2
1.4
1.3
(1.0, 1.6)
-0.1
(-0.5, 0.3)
55 to 64 Years
5.1
3.3
3.1
(2.7, 3.6)
-0.2
(-0.8, 0.4)
65 Years or More
14.9
10.2
9.1
(8.5, 9.8)
-1.1*
(-2.0, -0.2)
Black
4.7
4.0
4.0
(3.4, 4.7)
0.0
(-0.9, 1.0)
Hispanic
4.4
3.2
3.0
(2.5, 3.7)
-0.2
(-1.1, 0.6)
Asian
5.2
2.6
3.1
(2.4, 4.1)
0.5
(-0.6, 1.7)
American Indian or Alaska Native
5.2
3.3
2.4
(1.1, 5.1)
-0.9
(-3.9, 2.0)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
NA
NA
5.8
(2.5, 12.8)
NA
NA
White
6.2
4.1
3.7
(3.5, 4.0)
-0.4*
(-0.7, 0.0)
Two or More Races
3.9
1.5
1.9
(0.9, 3.8)
0.3
(-1.2, 1.9)
Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
5.5
3.3
4.1
(3.3, 5.1)
0.8
(-0.4, 2.1)
Not Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
2.2
1.4
1.2
(1.0, 1.3)
-0.2
(-0.4, 0.0)
Not Applicable (Not Aged 25 to 64)
12.9
8.9
8.0
(7.5, 8.5)
-0.9*
(-1.6, -0.2)
Characteristic
All
Family Income
Education
Age Group
Race/Ethnicity
Disability Status
Monthly Income Volatility
Income Was About the Same Each Month
6.3
4.0
(3.7, 4.2)
Income Varied Somewhat From Month to Month
3.4
2.0
(1.6, 2.4)
Income Varied a Lot From Month to Month
4.4
2.9
(2.1, 4.0)
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 23
B.5 Bank Teller as Only Method of Bank Account Access by Household Characteristics, 2019–2023 (continued)
Banked Households That Accessed Their Account in the Past 12 Months, Row Percent
2019
2021
2023
90% Confidence
Interval, 2023
Difference
(2023–2021)
90% Confidence
Interval,
Difference
Employed
2.4
1.5
1.5
(1.4, 1.7)
0.1
(-0.2, 0.3)
Unemployed
3.7
2.2
0.8
(0.3, 2.3)
-1.4*
(-2.6, -0.2)
Not in Labor Force
12.0
8.4
7.5
(7.1, 8.1)
-0.8*
(-1.5, -0.1)
Homeowner
6.4
4.2
3.8
(3.5, 4.1)
-0.4*
(-0.8, 0.0)
Non-Homeowner
4.3
3.2
3.2
(2.9, 3.6)
0.1
(-0.4, 0.5)
Married Couple
4.5
2.8
2.5
(2.2, 2.7)
-0.4
(-0.7, 0.0)
Unmarried Female-Householder Family
3.1
2.2
2.3
(1.8, 2.8)
0.1
(-0.5, 0.7)
Unmarried Male-Householder Family
4.1
2.2
2.1
(1.5, 2.9)
-0.1
(-1.1, 1.0)
Female-Householder Nonfamily
9.4
7.2
6.3
(5.7, 7.1)
-0.9
(-1.8, 0.1)
Male-Householder Nonfamily
7.2
4.8
5.2
(4.7, 5.8)
0.4
(-0.4, 1.2)
Other
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
U.S.-Born
5.7
3.8
3.5
(3.3, 3.7)
-0.3*
(-0.6, 0.0)
Foreign-Born Citizen
6.6
4.4
4.9
(4.1, 5.7)
0.4
(-0.7, 1.6)
Foreign-Born Noncitizen
4.0
3.7
3.5
(2.7, 4.6)
-0.2
(-1.4, 1.0)
Metropolitan Area
5.0
3.4
3.2
(3.0, 3.4)
-0.3
(-0.6, 0.0)
Not in Metropolitan Area
10.2
6.7
6.5
(5.9, 7.2)
-0.2
(-1.1, 0.7)
Not Identified
7.4
2.2
3.6
(1.9, 7.0)
1.4
(-1.8, 4.6)
Northeast
6.3
5.0
3.8
(3.4, 4.4)
-1.1*
(-1.8, -0.4)
Midwest
6.9
5.1
4.5
(4.1, 5.0)
-0.6
(-1.2, 0.0)
South
5.5
3.4
3.6
(3.2, 3.9)
0.2
(-0.3, 0.6)
West
4.4
2.6
2.6
(2.3, 3.0)
0.0
(-0.5, 0.5)
Characteristic
Employment Status
Homeownership
Household Type
Citizenship and Place of Birth
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Status
Geographic Region
Note: Monthly income volatility is not available for 2021. Asterisk indicates differences that are statistically significant at the 10 percent level. NA indicates that the sample size is
too small to produce a precise estimate.
24 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
B.6 Smartphone Access by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023
All Households, Row Percent
Characteristic
Number of Households (1000s)
Percent of Households
Smartphone Access
133,682
100.0
87.8
128,043
100.0
88.5
5,640
100.0
72.1
Less Than $15,000
10,982
100.0
73.9
$15,000 to $30,000
15,223
100.0
77.2
$30,000 to $50,000
22,698
100.0
84.5
$50,000 to $75,000
23,891
100.0
89.4
At Least $75,000
60,887
100.0
93.5
No High School Diploma
9,907
100.0
72.4
High School Diploma
32,349
100.0
82.6
Some College
36,707
100.0
89.2
College Degree
54,719
100.0
92.7
15 to 24 Years
6,255
100.0
93.2
25 to 34 Years
21,230
100.0
93.4
35 to 44 Years
23,266
100.0
93.4
45 to 54 Years
21,685
100.0
92.4
55 to 64 Years
23,876
100.0
89.8
65 Years or More
37,370
100.0
76.3
Black
17,251
100.0
85.2
Hispanic
19,760
100.0
86.9
Asian
7,317
100.0
91.2
American Indian or Alaska Native
943
100.0
87.3
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
408
100.0
90.8
White
86,004
100.0
88.2
Two or More Races
1,999
100.0
89.6
Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
10,818
100.0
85.9
Not Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
79,238
100.0
93.0
Not Applicable (Not Aged 25 to 64)
43,626
100.0
78.7
All
Bank Account Ownership
Banked
Unbanked
Family Income
Education
Age Group
Race/Ethnicity
Disability Status
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 25
B.6 Smartphone Access by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023 (continued)
All Households, Row Percent
Characteristic
Number of Households (1000s)
Percent of Households
Smartphone Access
Income Was About the Same Each Month
107,176
100.0
86.4
Income Varied Somewhat From Month to Month
21,599
100.0
93.1
Income Varied a Lot From Month to Month
4,907
100.0
93.9
Employed
82,738
100.0
93.1
Unemployed
2,881
100.0
93.0
Not in Labor Force
48,063
100.0
78.4
Homeowner
88,566
100.0
88.5
Non-Homeowner
45,117
100.0
86.5
Married Couple
62,074
100.0
90.2
Unmarried Female-Householder Family
15,244
100.0
90.0
Unmarried Male-Householder Family
7,276
100.0
89.9
Female-Householder Nonfamily
25,001
100.0
82.3
Male-Householder Nonfamily
23,808
100.0
85.4
NA
NA
NA
U.S.-Born
113,192
100.0
88.0
Foreign-Born Citizen
11,667
100.0
86.9
Foreign-Born Noncitizen
8,823
100.0
86.6
Metropolitan Area
115,200
100.0
88.6
Not in Metropolitan Area
17,402
100.0
82.9
Not Identified
1,080
100.0
85.5
Northeast
23,234
100.0
85.9
Midwest
28,736
100.0
88.9
South
51,936
100.0
87.2
West
29,777
100.0
89.2
Monthly Income Volatility
Employment Status
Homeownership
Household Type
Other
Citizenship and Place of Birth
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Status
Geographic Region
Note: NA indicates that the sample size is too small to produce a precise estimate.
26 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
C.1 Use of Nonbank Online Payment Services by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2021–2023
All Households, Row Percent
2021
2023
90% Confidence
Interval, 2023
Difference
(2023–2021)
90% Confidence
Interval, Difference
46.4
49.7
(49.1, 50.4)
3.3*
(2.4, 4.2)
Banked
47.7
51.0
(50.4, 51.7)
3.3*
(2.4, 4.2)
Unbanked
18.1
20.1
(17.7, 22.6)
1.9
(-1.4, 5.2)
Less Than $15,000
26.5
27.1
(25.1, 29.1)
0.5
(-2.2, 3.3)
$15,000 to $30,000
28.5
30.4
(28.8, 32.0)
1.9
(-0.1, 3.9)
$30,000 to $50,000
35.8
39.6
(38.1, 41.1)
3.7*
(1.8, 5.7)
$50,000 to $75,000
46.4
46.6
(45.3, 48.0)
0.2
(-1.8, 2.2)
At Least $75,000
62.1
63.7
(62.9, 64.4)
1.5*
(0.4, 2.7)
No High School Diploma
18.3
23.9
(22.0, 25.8)
5.6*
(3.1, 8.0)
High School Diploma
32.5
36.2
(35.0, 37.5)
3.7*
(2.1, 5.3)
Some College
46.3
48.3
(47.1, 49.5)
2.0*
(0.6, 3.5)
College Degree
60.6
63.4
(62.6, 64.2)
2.8*
(1.6, 4.0)
15 to 24 Years
65.5
66.2
(63.3, 69.0)
0.7
(-3.4, 4.7)
25 to 34 Years
66.1
68.5
(67.0, 70.0)
2.4*
(0.3, 4.5)
35 to 44 Years
60.1
64.4
(62.9, 65.8)
4.3*
(2.4, 6.2)
45 to 54 Years
53.2
57.9
(56.5, 59.3)
4.7*
(2.8, 6.7)
55 to 64 Years
39.9
45.6
(44.4, 46.8)
5.7*
(3.8, 7.5)
65 Years or More
22.9
25.1
(24.2, 26.0)
2.1*
(0.9, 3.4)
Black
43.4
48.3
(46.7, 50.0)
4.9*
(2.7, 7.1)
Hispanic
39.7
43.2
(41.6, 44.9)
3.6*
(1.4, 5.8)
Asian
53.6
53.4
(50.8, 56.0)
-0.2
(-3.6, 3.1)
American Indian or Alaska Native
42.1
45.4
(38.1, 53.0)
3.4
(-6.2, 12.9)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
NA
48.8
(39.5, 58.3)
NA
NA
White
47.7
51.0
(50.3, 51.6)
3.2*
(2.2, 4.2)
Two or More Races
56.6
62.7
(58.1, 67.0)
6.0
(-0.2, 12.3)
Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
35.3
43.4
(41.3, 45.5)
8.2*
(5.3, 11.0)
Not Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
57.0
60.9
(60.1, 61.8)
4.0*
(2.8, 5.1)
Not Applicable (Not Aged 25 to 64)
29.0
31.0
(30.1, 31.9)
2.0*
(0.8, 3.2)
Characteristic
All
Bank Account Ownership
Family Income
Education
Age Group
Race/Ethnicity
Disability Status
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 27
C.1 Use of Nonbank Online Payment Services by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2021–2023 (continued)
All Households, Row Percent
2023
90% Confidence
Interval, 2023
Income Was About the Same Each Month
47.5
(46.7, 48.2)
Income Varied Somewhat From Month to Month
58.8
(57.5, 60.2)
Income Varied a Lot From Month to Month
59.6
(57.1, 62.1)
Characteristic
2021
Difference
(2023–2021)
90% Confidence
Interval, Difference
Monthly Income Volatility
Employment Status
Employed
57.7
60.5
(59.6, 61.3)
2.8*
(1.6, 4.0)
Unemployed
48.4
59.4
(55.8, 63.0)
11.0*
(6.4, 15.6)
Not in Labor Force
27.1
30.7
(29.7, 31.6)
3.5*
(2.2, 4.8)
Homeowner
46.4
49.3
(48.6, 50.0)
2.9*
(1.9, 4.0)
Non-Homeowner
46.5
50.5
(49.4, 51.6)
4.1*
(2.6, 5.6)
Married Couple
51.6
54.5
(53.7, 55.2)
2.9*
(1.7, 4.1)
Unmarried Female-Householder Family
48.0
52.9
(51.0, 54.7)
4.8*
(2.3, 7.4)
Unmarried Male-Householder Family
45.4
48.3
(46.0, 50.6)
2.9
(-0.5, 6.3)
Female-Householder Nonfamily
37.0
41.0
(39.6, 42.3)
3.9*
(2.4, 5.4)
Male-Householder Nonfamily
42.4
45.3
(44.0, 46.6)
2.9*
(1.0, 4.8)
Other
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
U.S.-Born
47.6
51.6
(51.0, 52.3)
4.1*
(3.1, 5.0)
Foreign-Born Citizen
41.1
39.8
(37.9, 41.8)
-1.3
(-3.9, 1.3)
Foreign-Born Noncitizen
37.8
38.5
(36.3, 40.7)
0.7
(-2.3, 3.7)
Metropolitan Area
48.3
51.2
(50.5, 51.9)
2.9*
(1.9, 3.8)
Not in Metropolitan Area
34.2
40.1
(38.4, 41.7)
5.8*
(3.7, 8.0)
Not Identified
42.8
49.3
(43.0, 55.7)
6.5
(-1.1, 14.2)
Northeast
46.0
48.6
(47.1, 50.1)
2.6*
(0.6, 4.6)
Midwest
46.0
50.0
(48.8, 51.3)
4.0*
(2.2, 5.8)
South
45.0
47.9
(46.8, 49.0)
2.8*
(1.3, 4.4)
West
49.5
53.6
(52.5, 54.8)
4.2*
(2.6, 5.7)
Homeownership
Household Type
Citizenship and Place of Birth
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Status
Geographic Region
Note: Monthly income volatility is not available for 2021. Asterisk indicates differences that are statistically significant at the 10 percent level. NA indicates that the sample size is
too small to produce a precise estimate.
28 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
C.2 Use of Prepaid Cards by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2021–2023
All Households, Row Percent
2021
2023
90% Confidence
Interval, 2023
Difference
(2023–2021)
90% Confidence
Interval, Difference
6.9
5.9
(5.6, 6.1)
-1.0*
(-1.4, -0.6)
Banked
5.7
5.2
(4.9, 5.4)
-0.5*
(-0.8, -0.2)
Unbanked
32.8
21.6
(19.2, 24.2)
-11.3*
(-15.1, -7.5)
Less Than $15,000
13.4
8.9
(7.8, 10.1)
-4.5*
(-6.3, -2.8)
$15,000 to $30,000
8.8
8.7
(7.7, 9.8)
-0.1
(-1.5, 1.3)
$30,000 to $50,000
7.6
6.7
(6.0, 7.4)
-1.0*
(-1.9, 0.0)
$50,000 to $75,000
6.2
5.3
(4.7, 5.9)
-0.9*
(-1.8, 0.0)
At Least $75,000
4.7
4.6
(4.2, 4.9)
-0.1
(-0.6, 0.3)
No High School Diploma
11.8
8.4
(7.3, 9.7)
-3.4*
(-5.0, -1.7)
High School Diploma
8.5
6.3
(5.8, 6.9)
-2.2*
(-3.0, -1.3)
Some College
7.2
6.8
(6.3, 7.4)
-0.4
(-1.1, 0.4)
College Degree
4.7
4.5
(4.2, 4.9)
-0.2
(-0.7, 0.2)
15 to 24 Years
9.1
7.6
(6.2, 9.3)
-1.5
(-3.7, 0.8)
25 to 34 Years
7.4
6.1
(5.4, 6.8)
-1.4*
(-2.5, -0.3)
35 to 44 Years
8.0
6.4
(5.7, 7.1)
-1.7*
(-2.6, -0.7)
45 to 54 Years
8.0
6.5
(5.8, 7.2)
-1.6*
(-2.5, -0.6)
55 to 64 Years
7.1
6.3
(5.6, 7.0)
-0.8
(-1.7, 0.1)
65 Years or More
4.6
4.5
(4.1, 5.0)
-0.1
(-0.6, 0.4)
Black
12.6
10.1
(8.9, 11.4)
-2.5*
(-4.2, -0.8)
Hispanic
7.3
5.6
(4.9, 6.4)
-1.7*
(-2.7, -0.6)
Asian
4.6
4.7
(3.8, 5.9)
0.1
(-1.3, 1.5)
American Indian or Alaska Native
11.0
9.1
(6.0, 13.5)
-2.0
(-7.0, 3.0)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
NA
9.6
(5.1, 17.6)
NA
NA
White
5.8
5.0
(4.7, 5.4)
-0.7*
(-1.1, -0.3)
Two or More Races
9.5
9.9
(7.2, 13.5)
0.4
(-3.2, 4.0)
Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
13.6
11.4
(10.2, 12.8)
-2.1*
(-4.0, -0.2)
Not Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
6.8
5.6
(5.3, 5.9)
-1.2*
(-1.7, -0.7)
Not Applicable (Not Aged 25 to 64)
5.3
5.0
(4.6, 5.4)
-0.3
(-0.9, 0.3)
Characteristic
All
Bank Account Ownership
Family Income
Education
Age Group
Race/Ethnicity
Disability Status
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 29
C.2 Use of Prepaid Cards by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2021–2023 (continued)
All Households, Row Percent
2023
90% Confidence
Interval, 2023
Income Was About the Same Each Month
5.3
(5.0, 5.6)
Income Varied Somewhat From Month to Month
7.7
(7.0, 8.6)
Income Varied a Lot From Month to Month
10.1
(8.4, 12.0)
Characteristic
2021
Difference
(2023–2021)
90% Confidence
Interval, Difference
Monthly Income Volatility
Employment Status
Employed
6.3
5.8
(5.4, 6.1)
-0.5*
(-1.0, 0.0)
Unemployed
15.1
11.4
(8.8, 14.5)
-3.8*
(-7.3, -0.2)
Not in Labor Force
7.0
5.7
(5.3, 6.2)
-1.3*
(-2.0, -0.7)
Homeowner
5.2
4.8
(4.5, 5.1)
-0.4*
(-0.8, 0.0)
Non-Homeowner
10.1
8.0
(7.5, 8.6)
-2.0*
(-2.9, -1.2)
Married Couple
5.5
5.1
(4.7, 5.4)
-0.4
(-1.0, 0.1)
Unmarried Female-Householder Family
12.8
9.4
(8.4, 10.4)
-3.4*
(-5.1, -1.7)
Unmarried Male-Householder Family
10.1
7.2
(5.9, 8.7)
-2.9*
(-4.9, -0.9)
Female-Householder Nonfamily
5.9
6.0
(5.4, 6.6)
0.1
(-0.8, 1.0)
Male-Householder Nonfamily
6.7
5.2
(4.6, 5.9)
-1.5*
(-2.4, -0.5)
Other
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
U.S.-Born
7.0
6.0
(5.7, 6.3)
-1.0*
(-1.4, -0.6)
Foreign-Born Citizen
4.9
4.4
(3.5, 5.3)
-0.6
(-1.8, 0.6)
Foreign-Born Noncitizen
8.6
6.8
(5.6, 8.3)
-1.8
(-3.6, 0.0)
Metropolitan Area
6.7
5.9
(5.6, 6.2)
-0.8*
(-1.3, -0.4)
Not in Metropolitan Area
8.2
5.9
(5.2, 6.6)
-2.3*
(-3.3, -1.3)
Not Identified
6.8
6.1
(4.0, 9.2)
-0.7
(-4.3, 2.9)
Northeast
6.0
5.4
(4.8, 6.1)
-0.6
(-1.5, 0.4)
Midwest
7.4
5.9
(5.3, 6.5)
-1.5*
(-2.3, -0.8)
South
7.0
6.0
(5.6, 6.5)
-0.9*
(-1.6, -0.3)
West
6.9
5.9
(5.3, 6.5)
-1.0*
(-1.8, -0.2)
Homeownership
Household Type
Citizenship and Place of Birth
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Status
Geographic Region
Note: Monthly income volatility is not available for 2021. Asterisk indicates differences that are statistically significant at the 10 percent level. NA indicates that the sample size is
too small to produce a precise estimate.
30 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
C.3 Types of Transactions Conducted Using Nonbank Online Payment Services by Bank Account Ownership and Household
Characteristics, 2023
Households Currently Using Nonbank Online Payment Services, Row Percent
Number of
Percent of
Households
Households
(1000s)
Characteristic
All
Pay Bills
Receive
Income
Save or
Keep
Money
Safe
Send or
Receive
Money
Make
Purchases
in Person
Make
Purchases
Online
Some
Other Use
None
Selected
66,493
100.0
25.1
12.7
14.7
72.4
32.0
59.6
3.2
4.6
Banked
65,360
100.0
24.5
12.3
14.2
72.6
31.5
59.5
3.3
4.5
Unbanked
1,132
100.0
60.8
34.3
40.9
63.3
59.1
60.9
0.3
8.1
Less Than $15,000
2,973
100.0
37.4
18.9
19.0
68.4
42.9
58.6
2.7
6.0
$15,000 to $30,000
4,627
100.0
32.1
18.6
17.8
64.5
35.4
58.5
2.3
7.2
$30,000 to $50,000
8,984
100.0
29.8
15.9
16.4
67.7
34.2
59.6
3.1
5.8
$50,000 to $75,000
11,144
100.0
27.7
13.6
15.0
71.1
33.1
60.3
2.8
4.3
At Least $75,000
38,766
100.0
21.5
10.5
13.5
75.1
29.9
59.5
3.5
4.0
No High School Diploma
2,366
100.0
34.3
23.2
20.3
63.8
37.2
56.1
2.0
8.4
High School Diploma
11,721
100.0
30.2
14.7
17.0
66.6
34.8
60.0
2.5
5.8
Some College
17,731
100.0
24.9
14.5
16.3
71.2
33.6
60.3
3.4
4.6
College Degree
34,675
100.0
22.9
10.4
12.7
75.6
29.8
59.2
3.4
3.9
15 to 24 Years
4,140
100.0
33.2
16.6
23.2
82.7
42.6
54.9
2.5
1.2
25 to 34 Years
14,543
100.0
28.7
11.8
15.9
81.8
35.8
55.2
2.9
3.5
35 to 44 Years
14,978
100.0
23.3
12.0
14.4
76.3
35.9
60.6
2.7
3.7
45 to 54 Years
12,563
100.0
23.0
11.7
13.9
74.5
30.6
60.9
3.5
4.4
55 to 64 Years
10,895
100.0
22.8
11.9
13.1
66.7
25.9
59.8
3.5
5.9
65 Years or More
9,375
100.0
24.4
15.9
12.2
50.9
24.2
64.7
4.0
7.7
Black
8,340
100.0
31.8
15.8
19.2
78.0
42.1
58.2
2.5
5.1
Hispanic
8,544
100.0
31.2
16.2
19.1
71.2
38.5
57.5
3.1
6.2
Asian
3,906
100.0
26.9
14.1
16.5
69.6
35.0
64.1
3.1
4.5
American Indian or Alaska Native
429
100.0
29.3
16.3
23.5
71.4
39.7
64.0
1.4
1.4
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
White
43,822
100.0
22.5
11.3
12.7
71.7
28.3
59.9
3.3
4.2
Two or More Races
1,253
100.0
26.1
13.1
14.7
76.6
35.4
55.6
6.0
4.7
Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
4,697
100.0
32.1
15.7
19.7
73.0
38.3
62.0
3.3
4.7
Not Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
48,282
100.0
23.9
11.5
13.9
75.6
32.0
58.7
3.1
4.2
Not Applicable (Not Aged 25 to 64)
13,514
100.0
27.1
16.1
15.6
60.6
29.8
61.7
3.6
5.7
Bank Account Ownership
Family Income
Education
Age Group
Race/Ethnicity
Disability Status
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 31
C.3 Types of Transactions Conducted Using Nonbank Online Payment Services by Bank Account Ownership and Household
Characteristics, 2023 (continued)
Households Currently Using Nonbank Online Payment Services, Row Percent
Characteristic
Number of
Percent of
Households
Households
(1000s)
Pay Bills
Receive
Income
Save or
Keep
Money
Safe
Send or
Receive
Money
Make
Purchases
in Person
Make
Purchases
Online
Some
Other Use
None
Selected
Monthly Income Volatility
Income Was About the Same Each Month
50,862
100.0
24.2
11.4
14.0
70.9
30.9
59.3
3.0
4.8
12,704
100.0
27.4
16.5
16.5
76.5
35.7
60.5
3.6
3.9
2,927
100.0
30.7
18.6
18.0
80.4
34.3
59.7
4.9
3.1
Employed
50,045
100.0
24.5
12.2
14.5
76.1
32.2
58.4
3.2
3.9
Unemployed
1,713
100.0
31.4
15.3
22.4
76.3
40.1
58.5
3.0
5.0
Not in Labor Force
14,736
100.0
26.6
14.1
14.3
59.5
30.2
63.5
3.2
6.8
Homeowner
43,692
100.0
20.5
10.9
12.4
69.7
28.9
60.8
3.3
4.7
Non-Homeowner
22,801
100.0
33.9
16.2
19.0
77.5
38.0
57.1
3.0
4.4
Married Couple
33,808
100.0
21.4
11.4
13.0
71.1
30.0
60.6
3.3
4.4
Unmarried Female-Householder Family
8,057
100.0
32.5
15.8
18.8
74.4
40.1
62.4
2.8
4.6
Unmarried Male-Householder Family
3,512
100.0
30.5
16.6
18.6
68.4
35.4
57.8
3.3
6.4
Female-Householder Nonfamily
10,240
100.0
25.9
14.6
15.0
74.7
32.7
56.7
3.8
4.7
Male-Householder Nonfamily
10,774
100.0
28.8
11.8
15.0
74.0
30.2
57.3
2.8
4.3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
U.S.-Born
58,449
100.0
24.3
12.4
14.2
73.2
31.5
59.5
3.2
4.3
Foreign-Born Citizen
4,649
100.0
29.4
13.6
15.1
66.3
32.4
59.8
3.2
6.8
Foreign-Born Noncitizen
3,395
100.0
34.2
17.8
22.6
66.3
40.3
59.5
3.5
7.0
Metropolitan Area
58,989
100.0
25.2
12.5
14.7
73.2
32.1
59.3
3.2
4.6
Not in Metropolitan Area
6,972
100.0
24.7
14.4
14.2
65.5
30.8
61.6
3.3
4.4
533
100.0
22.5
15.0
15.5
69.5
33.9
58.4
0.4
3.7
Northeast
11,291
100.0
28.9
14.4
14.4
71.5
31.5
60.1
4.0
4.5
Midwest
14,370
100.0
21.5
10.6
15.1
74.7
28.3
59.2
2.7
3.7
South
24,858
100.0
26.1
13.0
15.0
71.4
34.2
59.9
3.0
5.2
West
15,974
100.0
24.2
13.1
13.9
72.6
32.2
58.9
3.5
4.4
Income Varied Somewhat From Month
to Month
Income Varied a Lot From Month to
Month
Employment Status
Homeownership
Household Type
Other
Citizenship and Place of Birth
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan
Status
Not Identified
Geographic Region
Note: This table includes the following types of transactions: pay bills like rent, mortgage, utilities, or child care (pay bills); receive money from work, retirement, or a
government agency (receive income); build savings or keep money in a safe place (save or keep money safe); send money to or receive money from family or friends (send or
receive money); make purchases in person; make purchases online; and some other use. Row percentages sum to more than 100 because households could select more than
one type of transaction. NA indicates that the sample size is too small to produce a precise estimate.
32 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
C.4 Types of Transactions Conducted Using Prepaid Cards by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023
Households Currently Using Prepaid Cards, Row Percent
Number of
Percent of
Households
Households
(1000s)
Characteristic
All
Pay Bills
Receive
Income
Save or
Keep
Money
Safe
Send or
Receive
Money
Make
Purchases
in Person
Make
Purchases
Online
Some
Other Use
None
Selected
7,846
100.0
35.3
33.3
23.2
33.4
63.1
51.5
3.8
11.1
Banked
6,630
100.0
28.3
28.6
19.2
33.2
60.7
51.2
4.2
12.8
Unbanked
1,216
100.0
73.9
59.0
44.8
34.5
76.0
53.1
1.2
1.7
Less Than $15,000
973
100.0
56.3
58.5
31.9
27.5
75.2
52.4
1.4
5.7
$15,000 to $30,000
1,327
100.0
42.8
36.7
27.2
31.2
63.6
52.4
2.9
7.7
$30,000 to $50,000
1,512
100.0
49.6
36.2
28.2
40.3
64.3
57.0
6.2
10.9
$50,000 to $75,000
1,261
100.0
31.1
29.4
18.5
30.4
67.9
55.0
3.4
10.6
At Least $75,000
2,774
100.0
18.5
23.1
17.5
34.2
55.8
46.2
3.9
14.9
836
100.0
57.6
44.2
37.1
27.0
66.6
51.2
3.9
4.7
High School Diploma
2,041
100.0
44.9
36.4
28.5
34.7
68.9
52.6
3.7
8.5
Some College
2,501
100.0
36.0
36.1
21.9
38.5
64.6
57.2
3.4
11.4
College Degree
2,468
100.0
19.2
24.2
15.3
29.4
55.6
44.9
4.2
15.0
15 to 24 Years
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
25 to 34 Years
1,285
100.0
50.2
39.8
30.2
47.0
70.3
58.9
2.8
6.6
35 to 44 Years
1,482
100.0
41.6
33.3
25.5
41.5
60.1
60.5
4.2
7.8
45 to 54 Years
1,405
100.0
38.1
31.1
20.5
37.0
61.2
54.5
1.6
13.8
55 to 64 Years
1,497
100.0
28.2
32.9
20.1
23.1
62.8
50.0
4.3
12.5
65 Years or More
1,698
100.0
21.2
28.6
16.9
18.9
59.2
35.2
6.3
13.7
Black
1,741
100.0
54.3
40.7
31.4
51.1
69.0
61.3
1.1
5.9
Hispanic
1,110
100.0
45.3
36.5
27.7
31.9
61.2
51.9
4.2
6.7
Asian
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
American Indian or Alaska Native
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4,326
100.0
25.2
29.5
18.0
28.1
60.9
47.1
5.2
14.9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
1,237
100.0
48.0
42.5
30.6
30.6
65.6
54.7
2.0
10.9
Not Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
4,432
100.0
36.7
31.8
22.1
38.5
62.8
56.2
3.6
10.1
Not Applicable (Not Aged 25 to 64)
2,176
100.0
25.4
31.1
21.2
24.7
62.3
40.2
5.1
13.2
Bank Account Ownership
Family Income
Education
No High School Diploma
Age Group
Race/Ethnicity
White
Two or More Races
Disability Status
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 33
C.4 Types of Transactions Conducted Using Prepaid Cards by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023
(continued)
Households Currently Using Prepaid Cards, Row Percent
Characteristic
Number of
Percent of
Households
Households
(1000s)
Pay Bills
Receive
Income
Save or
Keep
Money
Safe
Send or
Receive
Money
Make
Purchases
in Person
Make
Purchases
Online
Some
Other Use
None
Selected
Monthly Income Volatility
Income Was About the Same Each Month
5,684
100.0
34.5
32.3
22.2
31.2
62.1
50.1
4.0
12.3
1,668
100.0
36.6
35.8
25.5
37.5
63.6
54.3
3.1
8.9
493
100.0
40.5
36.7
26.5
45.6
73.1
58.3
3.7
5.0
4,774
100.0
35.4
31.8
23.5
39.3
61.3
54.7
3.2
11.0
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2,745
100.0
33.5
35.2
20.8
21.8
64.4
44.4
5.3
11.9
Homeowner
4,217
100.0
20.9
24.8
15.0
30.6
57.5
47.6
5.1
15.0
Non-Homeowner
3,629
100.0
52.1
43.2
32.7
36.7
69.7
56.1
2.3
6.6
Married Couple
3,143
100.0
24.8
25.0
16.7
32.8
58.9
50.8
4.4
12.6
Unmarried Female-Householder Family
1,429
100.0
48.2
40.5
28.9
42.2
67.9
62.2
1.0
6.6
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Female-Householder Nonfamily
1,490
100.0
39.4
43.7
28.9
28.4
66.1
47.6
3.7
9.2
Male-Householder Nonfamily
1,249
100.0
40.6
34.1
25.7
30.1
64.6
44.4
5.8
11.9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6,735
100.0
35.1
34.5
22.9
34.0
62.9
52.2
3.9
11.3
Foreign-Born Citizen
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Foreign-Born Noncitizen
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Metropolitan Area
6,757
100.0
34.9
32.5
23.4
33.5
63.0
51.5
3.8
10.9
Not in Metropolitan Area
1,023
100.0
39.2
38.3
21.2
33.2
64.2
51.9
3.3
11.8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Northeast
1,257
100.0
25.8
26.1
17.2
30.5
65.6
52.7
6.8
10.5
Midwest
1,694
100.0
37.2
36.5
25.5
33.5
69.0
52.3
3.5
8.8
South
3,142
100.0
40.2
33.7
24.9
39.8
61.0
54.2
2.7
10.9
West
1,753
100.0
31.7
34.7
22.1
24.0
59.4
45.0
3.9
14.1
Income Varied Somewhat From Month
to Month
Income Varied a Lot From Month to
Month
Employment Status
Employed
Unemployed
Not in Labor Force
Homeownership
Household Type
Unmarried Male-Householder Family
Other
Citizenship and Place of Birth
U.S.-Born
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan
Status
Not Identified
Geographic Region
Note: This table includes the following types of transactions: pay bills like rent, mortgage, utilities, or child care (pay bills); receive money from work, retirement, or a
government agency (receive income); build savings or keep money in a safe place (save or keep money safe); send money to or receive money from family or friends (send or
receive money); make purchases in person; make purchases online; and some other use. Row percentages sum to more than 100 because households could select more than
one type of transaction. NA indicates that the sample size is too small to produce a precise estimate.
34 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
C.5 Cash-Only Unbanked Rates by Household Characteristics, 2021–2023
All Households, Row Percent
2021
2023
90% Confidence
Interval, 2023
Difference
(2023–2021)
90% Confidence
Interval, Difference
2.6
2.8
(2.6, 3.0)
0.1
(-0.1, 0.4)
Less Than $15,000
11.4
14.7
(13.3, 16.1)
3.3*
(1.3, 5.2)
$15,000 to $30,000
5.6
5.8
(5.1, 6.6)
0.3
(-0.8, 1.4)
$30,000 to $50,000
2.2
2.9
(2.5, 3.4)
0.7*
(0.1, 1.3)
$50,000 to $75,000
1.3
1.2
(1.0, 1.6)
-0.1
(-0.5, 0.4)
At Least $75,000
0.4
0.5
(0.3, 0.6)
0.1
(-0.1, 0.2)
No High School Diploma
12.9
14.8
(13.3, 16.3)
1.8
(-0.4, 4.0)
High School Diploma
3.7
4.1
(3.6, 4.6)
0.4
(-0.2, 1.0)
Some College
1.6
1.8
(1.5, 2.1)
0.1
(-0.3, 0.5)
College Degree
0.6
0.6
(0.4, 0.7)
-0.1
(-0.3, 0.1)
15 to 24 Years
2.1
3.7
(2.8, 4.9)
1.7*
(0.5, 2.9)
25 to 34 Years
2.6
3.1
(2.6, 3.7)
0.5
(-0.2, 1.2)
35 to 44 Years
2.9
2.8
(2.4, 3.4)
0.0
(-0.7, 0.7)
45 to 54 Years
3.0
2.9
(2.5, 3.4)
-0.1
(-0.7, 0.6)
55 to 64 Years
3.1
3.0
(2.6, 3.5)
-0.2
(-0.8, 0.5)
65 Years or More
2.1
2.2
(1.9, 2.6)
0.2
(-0.3, 0.6)
Black
5.4
6.0
(5.2, 6.9)
0.6
(-0.6, 1.8)
Hispanic
7.0
7.6
(6.9, 8.4)
0.6
(-0.4, 1.7)
Asian
2.5
1.5
(1.0, 2.3)
-1.0
(-2.1, 0.1)
American Indian or Alaska Native
2.4
7.2
(4.3, 11.9)
4.8*
(1.2, 8.5)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
NA
4.4
(1.5, 11.8)
NA
NA
White
1.2
1.1
(1.0, 1.3)
0.0
(-0.2, 0.2)
Two or More Races
2.0
1.3
(0.6, 2.9)
-0.7
(-2.3, 0.9)
Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
8.5
6.6
(5.7, 7.5)
-1.9*
(-3.4, -0.5)
Not Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
2.1
2.5
(2.2, 2.7)
0.3
(0.0, 0.7)
Not Applicable (Not Aged 25 to 64)
2.1
2.4
(2.1, 2.8)
0.4
(-0.1, 0.8)
Income Was About the Same Each Month
2.7
(2.5, 2.9)
Income Varied Somewhat From Month to Month
3.0
(2.5, 3.6)
Income Varied a Lot From Month to Month
4.9
(3.8, 6.3)
Characteristic
All
Family Income
Education
Age Group
Race/Ethnicity
Disability Status
Monthly Income Volatility
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 35
C.5 Cash-Only Unbanked Rates by Household Characteristics, 2021–2023 (continued)
All Households, Row Percent
2021
2023
90% Confidence
Interval, 2023
Difference
(2023–2021)
90% Confidence
Interval, Difference
Employed
1.4
1.8
(1.6, 2.0)
0.4*
(0.1, 0.7)
Unemployed
5.1
6.2
(4.4, 8.6)
1.1
(-1.3, 3.4)
Not in Labor Force
4.4
4.2
(3.9, 4.6)
-0.2
(-0.7, 0.4)
Homeowner
1.2
1.1
(1.0, 1.3)
-0.1
(-0.3, 0.1)
Non-Homeowner
5.3
6.1
(5.6, 6.5)
0.8*
(0.1, 1.4)
Married Couple
1.3
1.2
(1.1, 1.4)
0.0
(-0.3, 0.3)
Unmarried Female-Householder Family
4.4
4.7
(4.0, 5.6)
0.3
(-0.7, 1.3)
Unmarried Male-Householder Family
3.9
3.8
(2.9, 4.9)
-0.1
(-1.4, 1.3)
Female-Householder Nonfamily
3.0
3.5
(3.0, 4.0)
0.5
(-0.2, 1.1)
Male-Householder Nonfamily
4.1
4.5
(3.9, 5.1)
0.3
(-0.5, 1.1)
Other
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
U.S.-Born
2.1
2.1
(1.9, 2.2)
-0.1
(-0.3, 0.2)
Foreign-Born Citizen
4.0
3.1
(2.5, 3.9)
-0.9
(-1.9, 0.2)
Foreign-Born Noncitizen
7.7
11.8
(10.5, 13.3)
4.1*
(2.3, 5.9)
Metropolitan Area
2.5
2.7
(2.5, 3.0)
0.2
(-0.1, 0.5)
Not in Metropolitan Area
3.2
3.2
(2.7, 3.7)
-0.1
(-0.9, 0.7)
Not Identified
3.8
2.6
(1.3, 5.3)
-1.2
(-3.0, 0.6)
Northeast
2.7
2.5
(2.0, 3.1)
-0.2
(-0.9, 0.5)
Midwest
2.0
2.1
(1.8, 2.5)
0.1
(-0.4, 0.6)
South
2.9
3.4
(3.1, 3.7)
0.5*
(0.0, 1.0)
West
2.8
2.6
(2.3, 3.0)
-0.2
(-0.8, 0.4)
Characteristic
Employment Status
Homeownership
Household Type
Citizenship and Place of Birth
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Status
Geographic Region
Note: Monthly income volatility is not available for 2021. Cash-only unbanked households are unbanked households that used neither nonbank online payment services nor
prepaid cards. Asterisk indicates differences that are statistically significant at the 10 percent level. NA indicates that the sample size is too small to produce a precise estimate.
36 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
D.1 Use of Nonbank Money Orders by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2019–2023
All Households, Row Percent
2019
2021
2023
90% Confidence
Interval, 2023
Difference
(2023–2021)
90% Confidence
Interval,
Difference
11.9
9.7
8.0
(7.7, 8.3)
-1.7*
(-2.2, -1.3)
Banked
10.2
8.7
7.2
(6.9, 7.5)
-1.5*
(-1.9, -1.0)
Unbanked
42.3
32.3
26.3
(23.8, 28.9)
-6.0*
(-9.2, -2.8)
Less Than $15,000
23.0
19.4
15.8
(14.2, 17.6)
-3.5*
(-5.6, -1.5)
$15,000 to $30,000
18.2
15.4
13.3
(12.3, 14.3)
-2.1*
(-3.6, -0.7)
$30,000 to $50,000
15.2
11.9
10.4
(9.5, 11.3)
-1.5*
(-2.7, -0.3)
$50,000 to $75,000
9.6
8.5
7.9
(7.2, 8.7)
-0.6
(-1.7, 0.5)
At Least $75,000
6.0
5.1
4.4
(4.1, 4.7)
-0.6*
(-1.2, -0.1)
No High School Diploma
23.3
21.5
17.9
(16.3, 19.6)
-3.6*
(-5.7, -1.4)
High School Diploma
14.6
12.4
9.8
(9.2, 10.5)
-2.5*
(-3.5, -1.6)
Some College
12.9
10.4
8.8
(8.2, 9.5)
-1.6*
(-2.5, -0.7)
College Degree
6.8
5.3
4.6
(4.2, 5.0)
-0.7*
(-1.3, -0.1)
15 to 24 Years
20.2
15.5
11.1
(9.6, 12.8)
-4.4*
(-7.2, -1.7)
25 to 34 Years
16.4
11.8
10.2
(9.3, 11.2)
-1.6*
(-2.8, -0.4)
35 to 44 Years
13.1
11.1
8.4
(7.7, 9.2)
-2.8*
(-3.9, -1.6)
45 to 54 Years
12.5
9.5
8.4
(7.7, 9.3)
-1.0
(-2.1, 0.1)
55 to 64 Years
11.0
10.0
8.1
(7.4, 8.7)
-1.9*
(-2.8, -1.0)
65 Years or More
7.1
6.6
5.7
(5.2, 6.2)
-0.9*
(-1.6, -0.2)
Black
27.2
21.6
17.8
(16.6, 19.1)
-3.8*
(-5.7, -2.0)
Hispanic
20.8
17.2
13.2
(12.1, 14.3)
-4.0*
(-5.6, -2.4)
Asian
6.9
6.7
4.7
(3.7, 5.9)
-2.1*
(-3.8, -0.4)
American Indian or Alaska Native
21.0
18.8
18.9
(14.1, 25.0)
0.1
(-7.1, 7.3)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
NA
NA
12.8
(7.2, 21.8)
NA
NA
White
7.3
5.8
4.9
(4.6, 5.2)
-0.9*
(-1.3, -0.5)
Two or More Races
14.2
12.7
11.3
(8.2, 15.4)
-1.4
(-5.9, 3.1)
Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
21.1
18.7
14.5
(12.9, 16.2)
-4.2*
(-6.6, -1.8)
Not Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
12.1
9.5
8.0
(7.6, 8.3)
-1.5*
(-2.1, -0.9)
Not Applicable (Not Aged 25 to 64)
9.1
7.9
6.5
(6.0, 7.0)
-1.4*
(-2.1, -0.6)
Characteristic
All
Bank Account Ownership
Family Income
Education
Age Group
Race/Ethnicity
Disability Status
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 37
D.1 Use of Nonbank Money Orders by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2019–2023 (continued)
All Households, Row Percent
Characteristic
2019
2021
2023
90% Confidence
Interval, 2023
Difference
(2023–2021)
90% Confidence
Interval,
Difference
Monthly Income Volatility
Income Was About the Same Each Month
10.7
7.2
(6.9, 7.6)
Income Varied Somewhat From Month to Month
15.5
10.7
(9.8, 11.6)
Income Varied a Lot From Month to Month
19.9
13.3
(11.3, 15.5)
Employment Status
Employed
11.9
9.3
8.1
(7.7, 8.5)
-1.2*
(-1.8, -0.7)
Unemployed
18.5
15.7
13.8
(11.0, 17.2)
-1.9
(-5.5, 1.7)
Not in Labor Force
11.5
9.8
7.5
(7.0, 8.0)
-2.3*
(-3.0, -1.6)
Homeowner
6.8
5.7
4.7
(4.4, 5.0)
-1.0*
(-1.4, -0.6)
Non-Homeowner
21.2
17.2
14.5
(13.7, 15.2)
-2.8*
(-3.9, -1.6)
Married Couple
8.4
7.2
5.8
(5.4, 6.2)
-1.4*
(-2.0, -0.8)
Unmarried Female-Householder Family
21.3
15.8
14.2
(13.0, 15.6)
-1.5
(-3.3, 0.3)
Unmarried Male-Householder Family
16.8
12.9
11.9
(10.3, 13.8)
-1.0
(-3.4, 1.4)
Female-Householder Nonfamily
11.9
9.3
7.9
(7.3, 8.5)
-1.4*
(-2.5, -0.4)
Male-Householder Nonfamily
13.7
11.7
8.7
(8.1, 9.5)
-3.0*
(-4.1, -1.9)
Other
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
U.S.-Born
11.3
9.0
7.3
(6.9, 7.6)
-1.7*
(-2.2, -1.2)
Foreign-Born Citizen
11.7
10.2
8.5
(7.4, 9.6)
-1.8*
(-3.5, -0.1)
Foreign-Born Noncitizen
21.3
19.4
16.9
(15.2, 18.7)
-2.5
(-5.1, 0.0)
Metropolitan Area
11.9
9.6
8.0
(7.7, 8.3)
-1.6*
(-2.1, -1.1)
Not in Metropolitan Area
12.2
10.3
8.1
(7.3, 9.0)
-2.2*
(-3.3, -1.1)
Not Identified
13.3
13.6
7.6
(4.8, 11.9)
-6.0*
(-10.3, -1.8)
Northeast
11.5
8.9
7.6
(6.9, 8.3)
-1.3*
(-2.4, -0.1)
Midwest
9.0
7.7
6.7
(6.1, 7.3)
-1.0*
(-1.8, -0.1)
South
14.9
11.6
9.0
(8.6, 9.5)
-2.5*
(-3.3, -1.8)
West
10.0
9.2
7.8
(7.2, 8.5)
-1.3*
(-2.3, -0.4)
Homeownership
Household Type
Citizenship and Place of Birth
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Status
Geographic Region
Note: Monthly income volatility is not available for 2021. Asterisk indicates differences that are statistically significant at the 10 percent level. NA indicates that the sample size is
too small to produce a precise estimate.
38 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
D.2 Use of Nonbank Check Cashing by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2019–2023
All Households, Row Percent
2019
2021
2023
90% Confidence
Interval, 2023
Difference
(2023–2021)
90% Confidence
Interval,
Difference
5.5
3.2
2.7
(2.5, 2.9)
-0.5*
(-0.8, -0.2)
Banked
4.0
2.3
2.0
(1.9, 2.2)
-0.3*
(-0.5, 0.0)
Unbanked
31.9
21.8
18.2
(16.2, 20.5)
-3.6*
(-6.9, -0.4)
Less Than $15,000
11.0
6.9
5.9
(5.0, 7.0)
-1.0
(-2.4, 0.4)
$15,000 to $30,000
9.0
6.0
5.2
(4.5, 6.2)
-0.7
(-1.9, 0.4)
$30,000 to $50,000
7.4
3.8
3.5
(3.0, 4.0)
-0.3
(-1.0, 0.4)
$50,000 to $75,000
4.3
2.4
2.3
(2.0, 2.8)
-0.1
(-0.6, 0.5)
At Least $75,000
2.4
1.4
1.3
(1.2, 1.6)
-0.1
(-0.3, 0.2)
No High School Diploma
14.6
9.2
7.8
(6.7, 9.0)
-1.4
(-3.0, 0.2)
High School Diploma
7.1
4.4
3.3
(2.9, 3.8)
-1.1*
(-1.8, -0.4)
Some College
5.8
3.1
2.8
(2.5, 3.2)
-0.2
(-0.8, 0.3)
College Degree
2.3
1.3
1.3
(1.1, 1.6)
0.0
(-0.3, 0.3)
15 to 24 Years
9.8
5.8
4.7
(3.6, 6.1)
-1.1
(-3.0, 0.8)
25 to 34 Years
7.0
3.7
4.2
(3.7, 4.8)
0.5
(-0.4, 1.4)
35 to 44 Years
7.0
4.2
3.0
(2.6, 3.5)
-1.2*
(-1.9, -0.5)
45 to 54 Years
5.3
3.6
2.6
(2.1, 3.2)
-1.0*
(-1.8, -0.2)
55 to 64 Years
4.7
2.6
2.2
(1.8, 2.6)
-0.5
(-1.0, 0.1)
65 Years or More
3.7
1.9
1.7
(1.5, 2.0)
-0.2
(-0.5, 0.2)
Black
9.6
6.3
5.1
(4.3, 6.0)
-1.2
(-2.5, 0.0)
Hispanic
10.6
5.9
4.8
(4.2, 5.5)
-1.2*
(-2.1, -0.2)
Asian
2.4
1.9
1.4
(0.9, 2.2)
-0.4
(-1.3, 0.5)
American Indian or Alaska Native
11.4
6.1
5.1
(2.8, 9.1)
-1.0
(-4.5, 2.5)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
NA
NA
10.9
(5.2, 21.4)
NA
NA
White
3.9
2.0
1.8
(1.6, 2.0)
-0.2
(-0.5, 0.1)
Two or More Races
3.7
5.6
4.1
(2.5, 6.5)
-1.6
(-4.5, 1.4)
Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
9.3
5.6
4.9
(4.1, 6.0)
-0.6
(-2.0, 0.7)
Not Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
5.5
3.2
2.7
(2.5, 3.0)
-0.5*
(-0.9, -0.2)
Not Applicable (Not Aged 25 to 64)
4.6
2.5
2.2
(1.9, 2.5)
-0.3
(-0.7, 0.1)
Characteristic
All
Bank Account Ownership
Family Income
Education
Age Group
Race/Ethnicity
Disability Status
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 39
D.2 Use of Nonbank Check Cashing by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2019–2023 (continued)
All Households, Row Percent
Characteristic
2019
2021
2023
90% Confidence
Interval, 2023
Difference
(2023–2021)
90% Confidence
Interval,
Difference
Monthly Income Volatility
Income Was About the Same Each Month
4.7
2.3
(2.1, 2.5)
Income Varied Somewhat From Month to Month
8.0
3.9
(3.4, 4.5)
Income Varied a Lot From Month to Month
10.0
6.1
(4.9, 7.7)
Employment Status
Employed
5.2
3.1
2.7
(2.5, 3.0)
-0.4*
(-0.7, 0.0)
Unemployed
9.6
7.7
5.1
(3.6, 7.3)
-2.6*
(-5.1, 0.0)
Not in Labor Force
5.8
2.9
2.5
(2.2, 2.8)
-0.4
(-0.8, 0.1)
Homeowner
3.4
1.7
1.6
(1.4, 1.8)
-0.1
(-0.4, 0.2)
Non-Homeowner
9.5
5.9
4.8
(4.4, 5.3)
-1.1*
(-1.8, -0.4)
Married Couple
4.0
2.1
1.9
(1.6, 2.1)
-0.3
(-0.6, 0.1)
Unmarried Female-Householder Family
10.0
5.3
4.8
(4.1, 5.6)
-0.5
(-1.6, 0.5)
Unmarried Male-Householder Family
9.2
5.5
4.9
(3.9, 6.1)
-0.6
(-2.2, 0.9)
Female-Householder Nonfamily
5.2
2.7
2.4
(2.0, 2.8)
-0.4
(-1.0, 0.2)
Male-Householder Nonfamily
6.0
4.2
3.2
(2.8, 3.8)
-1.0*
(-1.8, -0.2)
Other
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
U.S.-Born
5.1
2.8
2.4
(2.2, 2.6)
-0.5*
(-0.8, -0.2)
Foreign-Born Citizen
4.8
2.6
2.6
(2.0, 3.4)
-0.1
(-1.0, 0.9)
Foreign-Born Noncitizen
12.2
8.7
7.2
(6.1, 8.6)
-1.4
(-3.0, 0.2)
Metropolitan Area
5.4
3.1
2.7
(2.5, 2.9)
-0.3*
(-0.6, 0.0)
Not in Metropolitan Area
6.8
3.9
2.7
(2.2, 3.2)
-1.3*
(-2.0, -0.5)
Not Identified
3.7
4.1
2.1
(0.9, 4.8)
-2.0
(-4.3, 0.4)
Northeast
4.1
2.3
2.0
(1.7, 2.4)
-0.3
(-0.9, 0.3)
Midwest
4.8
3.0
3.0
(2.6, 3.5)
0.0
(-0.6, 0.7)
South
6.4
3.6
2.8
(2.4, 3.1)
-0.8*
(-1.3, -0.4)
West
5.8
3.3
2.8
(2.4, 3.3)
-0.5
(-1.1, 0.2)
Homeownership
Household Type
Citizenship and Place of Birth
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Status
Geographic Region
Note: Monthly income volatility is not available for 2021. Asterisk indicates differences that are statistically significant at the 10 percent level. NA indicates that the sample size is
too small to produce a precise estimate.
40 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
D.3 Use of Nonbank Money Transfer Services by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2021–2023
All Households, Row Percent
2021
2023
90% Confidence
Interval, 2023
Difference
(2023–2021)
90% Confidence
Interval, Difference
7.0
6.6
(6.3, 7.0)
-0.3
(-0.7, 0.1)
Banked
6.6
6.3
(6.0, 6.6)
-0.3
(-0.7, 0.1)
Unbanked
15.5
14.4
(12.5, 16.4)
-1.1
(-3.8, 1.6)
Less Than $15,000
9.8
7.2
(6.2, 8.4)
-2.6*
(-4.2, -1.0)
$15,000 to $30,000
9.0
8.6
(7.7, 9.7)
-0.3
(-1.7, 1.0)
$30,000 to $50,000
8.1
8.4
(7.6, 9.3)
0.3
(-0.9, 1.4)
$50,000 to $75,000
6.6
6.4
(5.7, 7.1)
-0.2
(-1.2, 0.8)
At Least $75,000
5.3
5.5
(5.1, 5.9)
0.2
(-0.4, 0.8)
No High School Diploma
13.8
14.2
(12.7, 15.7)
0.3
(-1.8, 2.4)
High School Diploma
7.2
7.0
(6.5, 7.6)
-0.2
(-1.0, 0.6)
Some College
6.6
6.3
(5.7, 6.9)
-0.3
(-1.1, 0.5)
College Degree
5.8
5.3
(4.9, 5.8)
-0.4
(-1.0, 0.2)
15 to 24 Years
9.5
8.8
(7.2, 10.6)
-0.7
(-3.4, 2.1)
25 to 34 Years
8.9
7.8
(7.0, 8.7)
-1.2
(-2.4, 0.0)
35 to 44 Years
8.7
7.5
(6.7, 8.3)
-1.2*
(-2.3, -0.1)
45 to 54 Years
8.8
7.9
(7.1, 8.8)
-0.9
(-2.0, 0.2)
55 to 64 Years
6.5
6.4
(5.7, 7.2)
0.0
(-0.9, 0.8)
65 Years or More
3.5
4.5
(4.1, 4.9)
1.0*
(0.5, 1.6)
Black
12.5
11.7
(10.7, 12.9)
-0.7
(-2.5, 1.1)
Hispanic
15.4
14.9
(13.7, 16.1)
-0.6
(-2.3, 1.1)
Asian
12.0
12.2
(10.7, 14.0)
0.2
(-2.2, 2.7)
American Indian or Alaska Native
15.6
7.6
(5.0, 11.5)
-8.0*
(-13.5, -2.4)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
NA
15.1
(8.6, 25.0)
NA
NA
White
3.5
3.3
(3.0, 3.5)
-0.2
(-0.5, 0.1)
Two or More Races
7.7
4.9
(2.9, 8.2)
-2.8
(-6.4, 0.7)
Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
8.7
7.1
(6.0, 8.3)
-1.7*
(-3.2, -0.1)
Not Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
8.1
7.4
(7.0, 7.9)
-0.7*
(-1.2, -0.1)
Not Applicable (Not Aged 25 to 64)
4.3
5.1
(4.7, 5.6)
0.8*
(0.2, 1.4)
Characteristic
All
Bank Account Ownership
Family Income
Education
Age Group
Race/Ethnicity
Disability Status
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 41
D.3 Use of Nonbank Money Transfer Services by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2021–2023 (continued)
All Households, Row Percent
2023
90% Confidence
Interval, 2023
Income Was About the Same Each Month
5.8
(5.4, 6.1)
Income Varied Somewhat From Month to Month
10.0
(9.1, 10.9)
Income Varied a Lot From Month to Month
11.1
(9.3, 13.2)
Characteristic
2021
Difference
(2023–2021)
90% Confidence
Interval, Difference
Monthly Income Volatility
Employment Status
Employed
7.9
7.5
(7.0, 7.9)
-0.4
(-1.0, 0.2)
Unemployed
10.9
9.3
(7.3, 11.8)
-1.5
(-4.4, 1.4)
Not in Labor Force
5.1
5.1
(4.7, 5.5)
0.0
(-0.6, 0.6)
Homeowner
4.9
4.7
(4.4, 5.1)
-0.2
(-0.6, 0.2)
Non-Homeowner
10.8
10.4
(9.7, 11.1)
-0.4
(-1.3, 0.4)
Married Couple
6.4
6.6
(6.1, 7.1)
0.2
(-0.4, 0.8)
Unmarried Female-Householder Family
10.1
9.2
(8.3, 10.3)
-0.9
(-2.4, 0.7)
Unmarried Male-Householder Family
9.1
9.3
(7.8, 11.0)
0.2
(-2.1, 2.5)
Female-Householder Nonfamily
4.7
4.4
(3.9, 5.0)
-0.3
(-1.0, 0.5)
Male-Householder Nonfamily
8.2
6.7
(6.0, 7.4)
-1.5*
(-2.5, -0.5)
Other
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
U.S.-Born
4.7
4.2
(4.0, 4.5)
-0.5*
(-0.9, -0.1)
Foreign-Born Citizen
15.5
16.0
(14.5, 17.5)
0.4
(-1.6, 2.5)
Foreign-Born Noncitizen
25.7
25.1
(22.9, 27.5)
-0.6
(-3.8, 2.6)
Metropolitan Area
7.3
6.9
(6.5, 7.3)
-0.4
(-0.9, 0.1)
Not in Metropolitan Area
5.0
5.1
(4.5, 5.7)
0.1
(-0.6, 0.8)
Not Identified
7.1
6.3
(4.6, 8.6)
-0.8
(-4.7, 3.0)
Northeast
6.0
6.9
(6.1, 7.8)
1.0
(-0.2, 2.1)
Midwest
5.3
5.3
(4.7, 5.9)
0.0
(-0.8, 0.8)
South
7.9
7.2
(6.6, 7.8)
-0.8*
(-1.4, 0.0)
West
7.7
6.8
(6.3, 7.5)
-0.9*
(-1.7, 0.0)
Homeownership
Household Type
Citizenship and Place of Birth
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Status
Geographic Region
Note: Monthly income volatility is not available for 2021. Asterisk indicates differences that are statistically significant at the 10 percent level. NA indicates that the sample size is
too small to produce a precise estimate.
42 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
D.4 Types of Transactions Conducted Using Nonbank Money Orders by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics,
2023
Households That Used Nonbank Money Orders in the Past 12 Months, Row Percent
Number of
Households
(1000s)
Percent of
Households
Pay Bills
Send Money
Make Purchases
Some Other Use
10,694
100.0
73.7
12.2
8.5
10.9
Banked
9,211
100.0
70.5
13.1
9.3
12.1
Unbanked
1,483
100.0
93.8
6.9
3.4
2.9
Less Than $15,000
1,738
100.0
89.2
6.9
5.6
5.1
$15,000 to $30,000
2,019
100.0
84.1
11.9
5.9
6.0
$30,000 to $50,000
2,354
100.0
76.4
12.9
7.9
7.6
$50,000 to $75,000
1,897
100.0
71.6
13.3
7.1
11.0
At Least $75,000
2,686
100.0
54.9
14.6
13.8
21.0
No High School Diploma
1,771
100.0
85.3
13.8
4.2
5.3
High School Diploma
3,174
100.0
80.9
12.0
7.0
5.6
Some College
3,241
100.0
74.1
9.1
8.1
11.9
College Degree
2,507
100.0
55.8
15.3
14.0
20.1
15 to 24 Years
693
100.0
81.8
7.9
6.3
5.4
25 to 34 Years
2,168
100.0
74.3
9.5
6.5
14.0
35 to 44 Years
1,952
100.0
76.3
12.6
8.5
10.3
45 to 54 Years
1,827
100.0
70.7
10.6
12.0
11.7
55 to 64 Years
1,924
100.0
74.1
12.7
5.8
11.6
65 Years or More
2,130
100.0
70.4
17.0
10.6
8.6
Black
3,071
100.0
84.0
10.2
5.2
6.3
Hispanic
2,609
100.0
75.9
17.4
6.7
7.1
Asian
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
American Indian or Alaska Native
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4,216
100.0
64.9
10.3
12.1
16.5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
1,566
100.0
85.4
11.0
5.4
4.6
Not Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
6,306
100.0
71.0
11.4
8.8
13.8
Not Applicable (Not Aged 25 to 64)
2,823
100.0
73.2
14.8
9.5
7.8
Characteristic
All
Bank Account Ownership
Family Income
Education
Age Group
Race/Ethnicity
White
Two or More Races
Disability Status
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 43
D.4 Types of Transactions Conducted Using Nonbank Money Orders by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics,
2023 (continued)
Households That Used Nonbank Money Orders in the Past 12 Months, Row Percent
Number of
Households
(1000s)
Percent of
Households
Pay Bills
Send Money
Make Purchases
Some Other Use
Income Was About the Same Each Month
7,739
100.0
72.7
13.3
8.4
10.7
Income Varied Somewhat From Month to Month
2,304
100.0
75.5
10.9
8.9
10.7
652
100.0
79.2
3.8
7.8
12.9
6,694
100.0
71.4
10.9
9.3
12.9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3,602
100.0
76.4
14.9
7.0
7.4
Homeowner
4,167
100.0
59.5
16.4
13.8
14.9
Non-Homeowner
6,527
100.0
82.7
9.5
5.1
8.3
Married Couple
3,592
100.0
63.7
15.4
10.3
15.1
Unmarried Female-Householder Family
2,172
100.0
81.0
9.3
6.9
7.4
869
100.0
72.4
11.8
10.9
9.1
Female-Householder Nonfamily
1,966
100.0
78.9
11.7
8.1
9.5
Male-Householder Nonfamily
2,079
100.0
79.4
10.1
6.2
9.3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
8,219
100.0
73.6
11.0
8.7
10.8
986
100.0
65.1
18.6
9.9
14.6
1,489
100.0
79.9
14.6
6.1
8.9
Metropolitan Area
9,199
100.0
73.1
12.6
8.5
11.2
Not in Metropolitan Area
1,413
100.0
76.6
10.6
8.5
8.4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Northeast
1,769
100.0
66.7
8.9
10.9
17.9
Midwest
1,919
100.0
74.8
9.9
9.9
11.0
South
4,683
100.0
75.5
13.5
6.8
9.3
West
2,324
100.0
74.4
14.0
9.0
8.6
Characteristic
Monthly Income Volatility
Income Varied a Lot From Month to Month
Employment Status
Employed
Unemployed
Not in Labor Force
Homeownership
Household Type
Unmarried Male-Householder Family
Other
Citizenship and Place of Birth
U.S.-Born
Foreign-Born Citizen
Foreign-Born Noncitizen
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Status
Not Identified
Geographic Region
Note: This table includes the following types of transactions: pay bills like rent, mortgage, utilities, or child care (pay bills); send money to family or friends (send money); make
purchases; and some other use. Row percentages sum to more than 100 because households could select more than one type of transaction. NA indicates that the sample size is
too small to produce a precise estimate.
44 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
D.5 Cashing Checks From Work, Retirement, or a Government Agency Using Nonbank Check Cashing by Bank Account
Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023
Households That Used Nonbank Check Cashing in the Past 12 Months, Row Percent
Number of Households (1000s)
Percent of Households
Cash Checks From Work,
Retirement, or a Government
Agency
3,610
100.0
59.1
Banked
2,582
100.0
53.0
Unbanked
1,028
100.0
74.5
Less Than $15,000
650
100.0
59.3
$15,000 to $30,000
798
100.0
65.7
$30,000 to $50,000
788
100.0
69.8
$50,000 to $75,000
556
100.0
62.3
At Least $75,000
818
100.0
40.1
769
100.0
67.5
High School Diploma
1,079
100.0
66.3
Some College
1,032
100.0
57.7
College Degree
730
100.0
41.6
15 to 24 Years
NA
NA
NA
25 to 34 Years
889
100.0
59.8
35 to 44 Years
706
100.0
67.0
45 to 54 Years
560
100.0
58.5
55 to 64 Years
517
100.0
54.4
65 Years or More
644
100.0
45.4
Black
872
100.0
63.7
Hispanic
944
100.0
68.8
Asian
NA
NA
NA
American Indian or Alaska Native
NA
NA
NA
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
NA
NA
NA
1,517
100.0
51.2
NA
NA
NA
535
100.0
55.7
2,137
100.0
61.5
938
100.0
55.5
Characteristic
All
Bank Account Ownership
Family Income
Education
No High School Diploma
Age Group
Race/Ethnicity
White
Two or More Races
Disability Status
Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
Not Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
Not Applicable (Not Aged 25 to 64)
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 45
D.5 Cashing Checks From Work, Retirement, or a Government Agency Using Nonbank Check Cashing by Bank Account
Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023 (continued)
Households That Used Nonbank Check Cashing in the Past 12 Months, Row Percent
Number of Households (1000s)
Percent of Households
Cash Checks From Work,
Retirement, or a Government
Agency
2,468
100.0
55.9
Income Varied Somewhat From Month to Month
841
100.0
64.1
Income Varied a Lot From Month to Month
NA
NA
NA
2,260
100.0
63.2
NA
NA
NA
1,204
100.0
50.8
Homeowner
1,425
100.0
46.8
Non-Homeowner
2,185
100.0
67.1
1,152
100.0
56.5
Unmarried Female-Householder Family
728
100.0
66.3
Unmarried Male-Householder Family
NA
NA
NA
Female-Householder Nonfamily
594
100.0
59.8
Male-Householder Nonfamily
773
100.0
54.5
Other
NA
NA
NA
2,672
100.0
55.8
Foreign-Born Citizen
NA
NA
NA
Foreign-Born Noncitizen
638
100.0
72.3
3,123
100.0
58.9
Not in Metropolitan Area
464
100.0
58.4
Not Identified
NA
NA
NA
Northeast
NA
NA
NA
Midwest
874
100.0
59.2
South
1,433
100.0
59.2
West
838
100.0
57.2
Characteristic
Monthly Income Volatility
Income Was About the Same Each Month
Employment Status
Employed
Unemployed
Not in Labor Force
Homeownership
Household Type
Married Couple
Citizenship and Place of Birth
U.S.-Born
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Status
Metropolitan Area
Geographic Region
Note: NA indicates that the sample size is too small to produce a precise estimate.
46 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
D.6 Types of Transactions Conducted Using Nonbank Money Transfer Services by Bank Account Ownership and Household
Characteristics, 2023
Households That Used Nonbank Money Transfer Services in the Past 12 Months, Row Percent
Number of
Households
(1000s)
Percent of
Households
Pay Bills
Send or Receive
Money in the
United States
Send or Receive
International
Remittances
Some Other Use
8,889
100.0
25.2
36.7
41.6
4.9
8,078
100.0
22.7
38.0
42.2
5.0
811
100.0
50.3
23.0
36.4
3.2
Less Than $15,000
794
100.0
46.6
29.1
30.5
7.0
$15,000 to $30,000
1,314
100.0
32.0
36.2
37.2
3.1
$30,000 to $50,000
1,908
100.0
26.7
39.5
38.0
3.7
$50,000 to $75,000
1,525
100.0
24.5
38.2
41.5
4.3
At Least $75,000
3,348
100.0
17.0
36.3
48.2
6.0
No High School Diploma
1,403
100.0
29.9
27.0
49.8
3.2
High School Diploma
2,273
100.0
31.9
41.7
33.5
2.9
Some College
2,300
100.0
29.1
41.6
33.1
5.1
College Degree
2,913
100.0
14.7
33.4
50.9
7.0
15 to 24 Years
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
25 to 34 Years
1,649
100.0
30.6
31.8
43.0
4.1
35 to 44 Years
1,747
100.0
22.3
30.8
49.6
5.0
45 to 54 Years
1,719
100.0
22.2
34.1
47.1
4.4
55 to 64 Years
1,536
100.0
23.6
42.0
37.2
5.6
65 Years or More
1,688
100.0
25.2
45.6
33.3
4.9
Black
2,024
100.0
27.8
43.4
34.2
2.6
Hispanic
2,939
100.0
26.2
30.5
50.1
4.4
Asian
895
100.0
12.8
13.7
75.4
4.2
American Indian or Alaska Native
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2,798
100.0
26.2
43.7
29.1
7.4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
764
100.0
44.2
40.1
23.0
4.4
Not Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
5,887
100.0
22.1
33.8
47.2
4.8
Not Applicable (Not Aged 25 to 64)
2,238
100.0
27.0
43.1
33.4
5.2
Characteristic
All
Bank Account Ownership
Banked
Unbanked
Family Income
Education
Age Group
Race/Ethnicity
White
Two or More Races
Disability Status
Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 47
D.6 Types of Transactions Conducted Using Nonbank Money Transfer Services by Bank Account Ownership and Household
Characteristics, 2023 (continued)
Households That Used Nonbank Money Transfer Services in the Past 12 Months, Row Percent
Number of
Households
(1000s)
Percent of
Households
Pay Bills
Send or Receive
Money in the
United States
Send or Receive
International
Remittances
Some Other Use
Income Was About the Same Each Month
6,193
100.0
26.3
35.3
41.6
5.1
Income Varied Somewhat From Month to
Month
2,151
100.0
21.2
42.9
42.0
3.4
Income Varied a Lot From Month to Month
545
100.0
29.4
27.3
40.9
7.9
6,172
100.0
22.1
35.1
46.2
5.1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2,448
100.0
31.1
41.7
32.2
4.0
Homeowner
4,206
100.0
17.4
39.9
45.1
4.9
Non-Homeowner
4,683
100.0
32.2
33.7
38.6
4.8
Married Couple
4,090
100.0
18.2
34.0
51.7
3.5
Unmarried Female-Householder Family
1,405
100.0
33.4
39.7
33.5
3.3
677
100.0
25.3
29.5
51.3
2.2
Female-Householder Nonfamily
1,108
100.0
28.5
40.8
32.1
8.6
Male-Householder Nonfamily
1,585
100.0
34.2
40.7
25.3
8.4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
U.S.-Born
4,808
100.0
32.0
46.8
22.5
5.5
Foreign-Born Citizen
1,864
100.0
13.0
25.9
64.4
6.5
Foreign-Born Noncitizen
2,217
100.0
20.9
23.7
64.1
2.1
7,933
100.0
24.7
34.9
43.6
5.0
Not in Metropolitan Area
888
100.0
30.0
50.3
24.9
4.2
Not Identified
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Northeast
1,615
100.0
17.0
32.9
54.0
3.8
Midwest
1,509
100.0
26.1
35.2
39.8
5.3
South
3,726
100.0
28.1
38.6
36.9
5.6
West
2,039
100.0
25.8
37.2
41.9
4.2
Characteristic
Monthly Income Volatility
Employment Status
Employed
Unemployed
Not in Labor Force
Homeownership
Household Type
Unmarried Male-Householder Family
Other
Citizenship and Place of Birth
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Status
Metropolitan Area
Geographic Region
Note: This table includes the following types of transactions: pay bills like rent, mortgage, utilities, or child care (pay bills); send money to or receive money from family or friends
in the United States (send or receive money in the United States); send money to or receive money from family or friends outside the United States (send or receive international
remittances); and some other use. Row percentages sum to more than 100 because households could select more than one type of transaction. NA indicates that the sample size
is too small to produce a precise estimate.
48 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
D.7 Sending or Receiving Nonbank International Remittances by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics,
2021–2023
All Households, Row Percent
2021
2023
90% Confidence
Interval, 2023
Difference
(2023–2021)
90% Confidence
Interval, Difference
2.8
2.8
(2.6, 3.0)
0.0
(-0.3, 0.3)
Banked
2.7
2.7
(2.5, 2.8)
0.0
(-0.3, 0.3)
Unbanked
4.7
5.2
(4.1, 6.6)
0.6
(-1.2, 2.3)
Less Than $15,000
2.9
2.2
(1.6, 2.9)
-0.7
(-1.6, 0.2)
$15,000 to $30,000
3.2
3.2
(2.7, 3.9)
0.0
(-0.8, 0.8)
$30,000 to $50,000
3.2
3.2
(2.7, 3.8)
0.0
(-0.8, 0.8)
$50,000 to $75,000
2.8
2.6
(2.2, 3.1)
-0.1
(-0.7, 0.5)
At Least $75,000
2.4
2.6
(2.4, 2.9)
0.3
(-0.2, 0.7)
No High School Diploma
6.8
7.0
(6.0, 8.2)
0.2
(-1.4, 1.8)
High School Diploma
2.7
2.4
(2.0, 2.7)
-0.3
(-0.9, 0.2)
Some College
1.9
2.1
(1.7, 2.5)
0.2
(-0.2, 0.7)
College Degree
2.6
2.7
(2.4, 3.0)
0.1
(-0.3, 0.5)
15 to 24 Years
2.7
2.9
(2.1, 4.2)
0.2
(-1.3, 1.8)
25 to 34 Years
3.7
3.3
(2.8, 3.9)
-0.3
(-1.1, 0.5)
35 to 44 Years
4.2
3.7
(3.2, 4.4)
-0.5
(-1.3, 0.3)
45 to 54 Years
3.6
3.7
(3.2, 4.3)
0.2
(-0.6, 0.9)
55 to 64 Years
2.5
2.4
(2.0, 2.8)
-0.1
(-0.7, 0.4)
65 Years or More
1.0
1.5
(1.3, 1.8)
0.6*
(0.2, 0.9)
Black
3.3
4.0
(3.3, 4.8)
0.7
(-0.3, 1.8)
Hispanic
8.9
7.5
(6.6, 8.4)
-1.4*
(-2.8, 0.0)
Asian
9.5
9.2
(7.9, 10.8)
-0.2
(-2.5, 2.0)
American Indian or Alaska Native
4.1
0.2
(0.0, 1.5)
-3.9*
(-6.9, -1.0)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
NA
3.9
(1.7, 8.8)
NA
NA
White
0.7
0.9
(0.8, 1.1)
0.2*
(0.1, 0.4)
Two or More Races
3.5
1.5
(0.6, 3.6)
-2.1
(-4.3, 0.2)
Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
2.0
1.6
(1.1, 2.3)
-0.4
(-1.2, 0.4)
Not Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
3.7
3.5
(3.2, 3.8)
-0.2
(-0.6, 0.3)
Not Applicable (Not Aged 25 to 64)
1.2
1.7
(1.4, 2.0)
0.5*
(0.1, 0.9)
Characteristic
All
Bank Account Ownership
Family Income
Education
Age Group
Race/Ethnicity
Disability Status
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 49
D.7 Sending or Receiving Nonbank International Remittances by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics,
2021–2023 (continued)
All Households, Row Percent
2023
90% Confidence
Interval, 2023
Income Was About the Same Each Month
2.4
(2.2, 2.6)
Income Varied Somewhat From Month to
Month
4.2
(3.6, 4.8)
Income Varied a Lot From Month to Month
4.5
(3.5, 5.9)
Characteristic
2021
Difference
(2023–2021)
90% Confidence
Interval, Difference
Monthly Income Volatility
Employment Status
Employed
3.5
3.4
(3.2, 3.7)
0.0
(-0.5, 0.4)
Unemployed
3.5
2.2
(1.3, 3.6)
-1.3
(-3.0, 0.3)
Not in Labor Force
1.5
1.6
(1.4, 1.9)
0.2
(-0.2, 0.5)
Homeowner
1.9
2.1
(1.9, 2.4)
0.2
(-0.1, 0.5)
Non-Homeowner
4.3
4.0
(3.6, 4.4)
-0.3
(-0.9, 0.3)
Married Couple
3.1
3.4
(3.1, 3.7)
0.3
(-0.1, 0.8)
Unmarried Female-Householder Family
3.5
3.1
(2.5, 3.8)
-0.4
(-1.4, 0.6)
Unmarried Male-Householder Family
4.2
4.8
(3.8, 6.0)
0.6
(-1.0, 2.2)
Female-Householder Nonfamily
1.0
1.4
(1.1, 1.8)
0.4*
(0.0, 0.8)
Male-Householder Nonfamily
3.0
1.7
(1.4, 2.1)
-1.3*
(-1.9, -0.7)
Other
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
U.S.-Born
0.9
1.0
(0.8, 1.1)
0.0
(-0.1, 0.2)
Foreign-Born Citizen
9.7
10.3
(9.2, 11.5)
0.6
(-1.1, 2.2)
Foreign-Born Noncitizen
18.5
16.1
(14.2, 18.2)
-2.4
(-5.3, 0.5)
Metropolitan Area
3.0
3.0
(2.8, 3.2)
0.0
(-0.4, 0.3)
Not in Metropolitan Area
1.1
1.3
(1.0, 1.7)
0.2
(-0.2, 0.6)
Not Identified
1.5
2.1
(0.9, 5.0)
0.6
(-0.9, 2.1)
Northeast
3.0
3.8
(3.2, 4.5)
0.7
(-0.1, 1.6)
Midwest
1.5
2.1
(1.8, 2.5)
0.6*
(0.1, 1.1)
South
3.0
2.6
(2.3, 3.0)
-0.4
(-0.8, 0.1)
West
3.3
2.9
(2.5, 3.3)
-0.4
(-1.0, 0.2)
Homeownership
Household Type
Citizenship and Place of Birth
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Status
Geographic Region
Note: Monthly income volatility is not available for 2021. The type of transaction in this table is the use of nonbank money transfer services to send money to or receive money
from family or friends outside the United States (send or receive international remittances). Asterisk indicates differences that are statistically significant at the 10 percent level.
NA indicates that the sample size is too small to produce a precise estimate.
50 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
E.1 Use of Mainstream Credit Products by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023
All Households, Row Percent
Number of
Traditional
Percent of
Households
Credit
Households
(1000s)
Card
Characteristic
All
Store
Credit
Card
Mortgage,
Home
Equity
Auto Loan
Loan, or
HELOC
Student
Loan
Other
Personal
Bank
Other
No
Personal Mainstream
Nonbank
Credit
133,682
100.0
76.4
37.3
33.6
32.7
15.3
6.5
2.4
15.7
128,043
100.0
79.3
38.8
34.9
33.7
15.9
6.8
2.4
13.0
5,640
100.0
10.0
3.9
4.0
8.3
3.2
1.3
1.6
78.4
Less Than $15,000
10,982
100.0
38.2
14.7
6.4
8.9
5.8
2.2
1.3
53.2
$15,000 to $30,000
15,223
100.0
55.1
22.6
11.6
14.9
6.9
3.0
1.5
33.9
$30,000 to $50,000
22,698
100.0
68.0
31.0
18.2
24.5
11.2
4.7
1.7
20.4
$50,000 to $75,000
23,891
100.0
80.0
39.9
29.9
33.3
14.9
6.1
2.6
11.0
At Least $75,000
60,887
100.0
90.4
46.4
51.1
44.2
20.9
9.1
3.0
4.6
No High School Diploma
9,907
100.0
42.2
18.4
12.5
16.4
3.0
3.2
1.5
46.7
High School Diploma
32,349
100.0
64.6
32.1
25.0
28.9
6.4
5.6
2.3
25.0
Some College
36,707
100.0
75.4
38.1
31.3
34.6
15.0
6.9
2.7
14.8
College Degree
54,719
100.0
90.3
43.2
44.0
36.5
23.1
7.5
2.4
5.3
15 to 24 Years
6,255
100.0
65.8
20.0
12.0
29.6
27.2
4.5
1.1
21.5
25 to 34 Years
21,230
100.0
75.6
28.9
31.1
41.6
30.4
7.9
3.4
14.2
35 to 44 Years
23,266
100.0
77.7
37.2
43.7
43.3
21.9
8.8
2.6
13.9
45 to 54 Years
21,685
100.0
77.9
42.5
45.2
41.5
17.2
7.7
2.8
13.6
55 to 64 Years
23,876
100.0
77.3
41.7
39.4
32.2
10.3
7.1
2.4
15.1
65 Years or More
37,370
100.0
76.5
39.2
21.8
16.7
2.8
3.7
1.6
18.5
Black
17,251
100.0
59.4
26.6
22.2
29.0
17.4
5.8
2.5
28.6
Hispanic
19,760
100.0
65.0
31.6
24.6
29.8
13.3
4.6
2.2
25.5
Asian
7,317
100.0
86.9
38.1
37.1
26.5
13.4
4.5
1.5
9.5
American Indian or Alaska Native
943
100.0
57.0
19.6
22.7
27.0
11.1
9.3
3.5
32.9
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
408
100.0
73.3
29.8
29.0
40.0
8.2
8.1
1.9
17.2
White
86,004
100.0
81.9
41.1
37.9
34.6
15.5
7.3
2.5
11.2
Two or More Races
1,999
100.0
72.5
28.3
26.1
34.3
20.2
7.2
2.1
15.9
Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
10,818
100.0
56.6
26.5
24.7
26.5
12.7
7.1
3.7
31.4
Not Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
79,238
100.0
79.9
39.2
42.0
41.3
20.7
8.0
2.7
11.9
Not Applicable (Not Aged 25 to 64)
43,626
100.0
74.9
36.4
20.4
18.5
6.3
3.8
1.6
18.9
Bank Account Ownership
Banked
Unbanked
Family Income
Education
Age Group
Race/Ethnicity
Disability Status
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 51
E.1 Use of Mainstream Credit Products by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023 (continued)
All Households, Row Percent
Characteristic
Number of
Traditional
Percent of
Households
Credit
Households
(1000s)
Card
Store
Credit
Card
Mortgage,
Home
Equity
Auto Loan
Loan, or
HELOC
Student
Loan
Other
Personal
Bank
Other
No
Personal Mainstream
Nonbank
Credit
Monthly Income Volatility
Income Was About the Same Each Month
107,176
100.0
76.5
37.3
33.5
31.4
14.4
5.9
2.2
16.1
Income Varied Somewhat From Month to
Month
21,599
100.0
77.3
37.9
33.9
38.5
19.5
9.3
3.2
13.7
Income Varied a Lot From Month to Month
4,907
100.0
71.6
35.3
32.6
33.7
16.8
8.1
3.2
17.4
Employed
82,738
100.0
80.5
39.5
41.1
41.6
21.0
8.3
3.0
11.0
Unemployed
2,881
100.0
62.5
29.6
25.0
26.8
19.1
4.6
1.1
25.8
Not in Labor Force
48,063
100.0
70.3
34.0
21.1
17.7
5.3
3.6
1.4
23.3
Homeowner
88,566
100.0
83.6
43.9
49.1
35.3
14.0
7.2
2.5
9.4
Non-Homeowner
45,117
100.0
62.3
24.2
3.0
27.5
17.9
5.3
2.2
28.2
Married Couple
62,074
100.0
84.6
46.3
47.3
40.6
16.3
7.7
2.6
8.8
Unmarried Female-Householder Family
15,244
100.0
64.1
33.5
24.2
33.3
19.7
6.8
2.7
22.5
Unmarried Male-Householder Family
7,276
100.0
69.3
27.1
26.5
31.0
14.4
6.8
2.9
20.6
Female-Householder Nonfamily
25,001
100.0
71.4
34.3
19.1
20.5
12.9
4.5
1.9
20.5
Male-Householder Nonfamily
23,808
100.0
70.5
22.4
21.3
24.8
12.9
5.4
2.0
22.9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
U.S.-Born
113,192
100.0
77.5
37.9
34.6
33.9
16.4
6.9
2.5
14.6
Foreign-Born Citizen
11,667
100.0
78.2
41.0
36.4
26.8
11.6
5.3
1.8
15.2
Foreign-Born Noncitizen
8,823
100.0
60.8
24.8
16.1
25.0
6.8
3.2
1.4
31.5
Metropolitan Area
115,200
100.0
77.5
37.9
34.3
32.8
15.9
6.4
2.4
15.0
Not in Metropolitan Area
17,402
100.0
69.5
34.0
29.3
31.9
12.0
7.5
2.1
20.2
Not Identified
1,080
100.0
68.3
31.1
28.4
33.2
11.7
9.6
2.9
19.9
Northeast
23,234
100.0
80.3
43.5
34.0
30.5
16.5
6.5
2.3
13.5
Midwest
28,736
100.0
78.4
41.5
38.3
35.9
18.2
7.3
2.6
13.1
South
51,936
100.0
71.7
33.4
30.3
32.9
13.8
6.1
2.5
19.0
West
29,777
100.0
79.7
35.1
34.4
30.9
14.3
6.7
2.1
14.4
Employment Status
Homeownership
Household Type
Other
Citizenship and Place of Birth
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Status
Geographic Region
Note: This table includes the following credit products: Visa, MasterCard, American Express, or Discover credit card (traditional credit card); store credit card; mortgage, home
equity loan, or HELOC; auto loan; student loan; other personal loans or lines of credit from a bank (other personal bank); and other personal loans or lines of credit from a
company other than a bank (other personal nonbank). A household is considered to have used mainstream credit if it had used any of these credit products in the past 12
months. NA indicates that the sample size is too small to produce a precise estimate.
52 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
E.2 Use of Mainstream Credit Products by State, 2023
All Households, Row Percent
Number of
Households
(1000s)
Percent of
Households
Traditional
Credit Card
Store Credit
Card
Mortgage,
Home
Equity
Loan, or
HELOC
Auto Loan
Student
Loan
Other
Personal
Bank
Other
Personal
Nonbank
No
Mainstream
Credit
133,682
100.0
76.4
37.3
33.6
32.7
15.3
6.5
2.4
15.7
AL
2,249
100.0
62.4
25.1
27.3
29.6
10.3
5.1
1.8
28.1
AK
260
100.0
78.9
18.8
33.2
29.2
12.0
9.4
2.7
15.5
AZ
2,861
100.0
81.8
35.6
40.8
35.6
16.3
4.6
1.5
12.0
AR
1,315
100.0
62.9
27.1
24.9
33.2
11.5
6.5
2.1
23.2
CA
14,007
100.0
78.5
37.0
29.3
27.0
11.7
5.1
2.1
16.6
CO
2,468
100.0
84.4
39.9
46.3
35.1
22.0
11.1
2.5
9.9
CT
1,430
100.0
83.9
44.8
43.0
32.8
19.5
6.1
3.6
8.9
DE
416
100.0
80.9
51.5
42.9
34.3
16.0
3.8
2.9
12.5
DC
338
100.0
76.2
23.0
24.5
14.8
24.4
5.8
1.8
19.1
FL
9,247
100.0
76.5
35.9
28.9
31.5
11.4
5.5
2.2
17.4
GA
4,308
100.0
67.2
25.1
30.2
33.3
19.3
4.7
1.9
23.7
HI
509
100.0
83.8
40.7
39.4
28.4
13.6
11.0
1.1
10.3
ID
761
100.0
80.0
30.9
40.7
34.6
16.5
7.7
3.3
10.7
IL
5,221
100.0
77.0
38.3
34.3
30.8
18.0
5.7
3.5
14.4
IN
2,799
100.0
77.8
41.1
45.7
41.7
18.5
4.8
2.8
11.9
IA
1,357
100.0
78.6
42.0
38.3
35.3
16.5
11.1
0.4
13.6
KS
1,159
100.0
80.4
42.6
34.4
38.4
17.2
8.7
1.6
12.0
KY
1,835
100.0
73.0
33.2
23.7
29.3
11.8
4.4
3.3
17.9
LA
1,934
100.0
61.5
27.6
23.0
29.1
9.7
5.4
2.0
29.8
ME
641
100.0
79.3
34.6
37.7
44.1
14.8
5.4
3.2
13.7
MD
2,312
100.0
79.6
43.5
48.4
39.2
20.7
7.8
4.1
10.1
MA
2,821
100.0
85.0
40.3
34.1
33.8
18.9
6.6
1.8
10.5
MI
4,161
100.0
78.5
40.5
39.9
34.7
15.2
7.1
3.1
14.2
MN
2,405
100.0
87.7
46.2
44.5
38.9
20.8
13.7
1.7
6.3
MS
1,184
100.0
55.5
31.6
25.4
32.4
10.9
4.6
2.1
29.1
MO
2,532
100.0
70.6
36.5
33.3
35.7
16.4
5.6
3.8
16.8
MT
476
100.0
79.3
26.9
35.0
37.0
18.1
10.6
2.4
12.0
NE
821
100.0
79.2
46.4
36.5
38.0
17.8
8.9
2.5
10.8
NV
1,272
100.0
76.4
28.3
35.9
36.1
11.7
5.9
2.3
16.8
NH
577
100.0
86.6
45.6
41.3
43.8
20.9
5.8
1.9
8.1
NJ
3,478
100.0
78.6
46.2
32.4
26.0
16.1
3.0
1.7
15.2
NM
845
100.0
67.7
26.6
27.8
24.7
15.5
6.1
1.6
22.6
Geography
All
State
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 53
E.2 Use of Mainstream Credit Products by State, 2023 (continued)
All Households, Row Percent
Number of
Households
(1000s)
Percent of
Households
Traditional
Credit Card
Store Credit
Card
Mortgage,
Home
Equity
Loan, or
HELOC
Auto Loan
Student
Loan
Other
Personal
Bank
Other
Personal
Nonbank
No
Mainstream
Credit
NY
8,163
100.0
78.8
42.9
27.8
23.7
14.6
6.1
1.4
15.8
NC
4,413
100.0
72.9
36.6
31.2
31.7
13.8
5.8
2.5
16.6
ND
328
100.0
79.1
35.4
27.9
35.6
15.7
10.3
2.4
13.9
OH
4,993
100.0
77.6
41.3
37.2
38.6
19.7
7.5
2.3
14.0
OK
1,624
100.0
68.6
31.5
27.3
32.8
11.3
8.5
4.1
20.4
OR
1,752
100.0
77.8
29.4
33.8
31.5
20.2
9.6
2.4
14.5
PA
5,399
100.0
79.7
45.1
40.3
37.8
16.8
9.5
3.9
12.5
RI
443
100.0
79.6
45.5
37.6
32.3
19.5
3.4
1.1
10.9
SC
2,303
100.0
73.3
32.9
34.4
34.8
13.1
8.4
1.2
17.7
SD
382
100.0
77.2
38.5
30.8
32.1
21.7
8.0
1.6
15.1
TN
2,992
100.0
69.2
33.8
25.8
31.5
9.6
5.0
1.9
20.7
TX
11,226
100.0
70.2
33.7
25.8
33.7
13.1
6.8
3.0
19.2
UT
1,203
100.0
86.4
35.0
45.0
41.1
14.1
9.5
0.7
6.7
VT
282
100.0
81.0
30.7
39.5
40.4
20.0
10.6
1.6
11.1
VA
3,482
100.0
83.0
36.7
50.2
37.3
21.3
7.4
2.1
9.2
WA
3,120
100.0
82.4
33.4
37.1
34.2
15.5
8.0
3.0
11.7
WV
756
100.0
72.8
37.4
27.9
37.3
18.4
6.2
2.7
17.5
WI
2,576
100.0
81.5
50.1
41.4
32.6
21.5
5.1
2.2
11.5
WY
244
100.0
74.5
35.0
38.5
34.1
10.8
8.9
0.7
14.4
Geography
Note: This table includes the following credit products: Visa, MasterCard, American Express, or Discover credit card (traditional credit card); store credit card; mortgage, home
equity loan, or HELOC; auto loan; student loan; other personal loans or lines of credit from a bank (other personal bank); and other personal loans or lines of credit from a
company other than a bank (other personal nonbank). A household is considered to have used mainstream credit if it had used any of these credit products in the past 12
months.
54 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
E.3 Use of Mainstream Credit Products by MSA, 2023
All Households, Row Percent
Number of
Traditional
Percent of
Households
Credit
Households
(1000s)
Card
Geography
All
Store
Credit
Card
Mortgage,
Home
Equity
Auto Loan
Loan, or
HELOC
Student
Loan
Other
Personal
Bank
Other
No
Personal Mainstream
Nonbank
Credit
133,682
100.0
76.4
37.3
33.6
32.7
15.3
6.5
2.4
15.7
426
100.0
78.0
33.3
37.0
24.2
19.8
8.3
2.4
14.9
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA~
2,474
100.0
72.3
25.8
33.8
36.0
22.2
4.4
2.6
19.8
Austin-Round Rock, TX
1,111
100.0
78.5
30.9
32.7
35.3
21.2
7.1
1.3
12.1
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD
1,095
100.0
79.3
41.0
45.9
35.3
20.9
7.0
3.8
10.5
Birmingham-Hoover, AL
742
100.0
48.8
13.7
26.8
26.5
8.8
5.2
2.0
40.0
Boise City, ID
359
100.0
84.2
29.6
43.9
36.5
19.6
5.2
2.1
9.3
1,986
100.0
87.5
40.8
34.5
31.5
20.9
7.1
2.5
8.9
98
100.0
82.1
27.6
46.4
44.8
23.7
12.8
1.3
8.1
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC~
1,404
100.0
80.3
39.7
39.8
36.9
12.1
5.1
3.0
10.9
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI
3,837
100.0
79.5
37.4
36.4
29.3
20.3
4.7
2.7
14.1
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN~
716
100.0
74.6
40.6
32.9
38.1
13.8
7.8
2.4
15.6
Cleveland-Elyria, OH
1,027
100.0
67.1
40.9
35.5
30.4
19.8
5.5
1.6
23.8
980
100.0
86.0
40.5
42.7
49.6
22.1
10.8
5.2
7.1
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX~
2,350
100.0
74.0
39.9
26.0
31.5
12.5
6.2
2.6
17.3
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO
1,162
100.0
91.3
31.8
48.3
43.4
24.0
10.5
2.1
6.3
Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI
1,936
100.0
74.4
39.6
36.7
29.7
14.5
6.7
3.5
19.1
Fargo, ND-MN
77
100.0
82.7
32.6
28.2
42.5
29.2
5.6
3.0
7.2
Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, SC~
400
100.0
77.6
41.3
41.0
32.9
17.3
10.8
0.7
17.5
3,277
100.0
74.1
32.3
28.1
36.4
11.8
6.4
3.2
18.3
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN~
909
100.0
84.0
45.5
54.2
50.4
25.8
5.7
4.0
6.5
Jackson, MS~
293
100.0
55.0
31.6
33.9
39.4
14.2
2.9
–
30.4
Kansas City, MO-KS~
784
100.0
82.9
44.6
35.7
40.3
19.8
5.8
5.8
9.2
Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV
960
100.0
75.7
27.1
38.5
36.8
10.3
5.6
2.1
17.4
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR
325
100.0
66.9
27.6
28.4
40.3
14.4
7.5
5.2
17.5
4,568
100.0
77.1
36.9
25.7
26.8
13.4
4.0
2.4
17.3
Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN~
582
100.0
72.3
33.0
32.5
31.2
16.0
4.5
3.0
18.0
Manchester-Nashua, NH~
184
100.0
91.2
40.3
39.1
43.8
22.6
4.4
1.1
3.5
Memphis, TN-MS-AR~
519
100.0
66.9
28.1
29.5
32.7
9.2
5.3
0.4
21.3
2,584
100.0
72.3
36.0
25.9
31.9
9.1
4.4
2.4
22.2
730
100.0
87.2
51.9
34.7
32.6
25.4
–
2.4
8.4
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI~
1,638
100.0
89.5
51.5
47.3
40.4
26.1
12.5
2.1
5.5
Nashville-Davidson-Murfreesboro-Franklin,
TN~
927
100.0
74.7
39.4
26.2
31.1
9.8
4.5
–
18.3
MSA
Albuquerque, NM
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH~
Burlington-South Burlington, VT~
Columbus, OH~
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX~
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 55
E.3 Use of Mainstream Credit Products by MSA, 2023 (continued)
All Households, Row Percent
Geography
New Orleans-Metairie, LA~
Number of
Traditional
Percent of
Households
Credit
Households
(1000s)
Card
Store
Credit
Card
Mortgage,
Home
Equity
Auto Loan
Loan, or
HELOC
Student
Loan
Other
Personal
Bank
Other
No
Personal Mainstream
Nonbank
Credit
538
100.0
71.4
28.7
28.8
28.9
11.2
8.1
1.4
24.1
8,161
100.0
79.1
43.6
28.3
18.9
14.5
4.1
1.0
16.6
Oklahoma City, OK
637
100.0
68.6
27.9
25.0
31.8
9.1
3.9
4.0
21.7
Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA
466
100.0
78.9
49.2
42.1
41.1
25.7
11.2
3.3
8.7
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL
1,360
100.0
69.9
25.2
28.7
32.2
16.1
4.4
1.9
18.2
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJDE-MD
2,455
100.0
79.8
44.2
40.3
37.2
21.8
9.0
4.9
13.0
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ
1,946
100.0
84.7
38.8
42.0
36.6
18.1
4.6
1.8
10.6
Pittsburgh, PA
1,139
100.0
79.6
51.9
37.5
38.4
17.9
8.6
4.5
12.0
268
100.0
87.2
40.4
44.3
52.2
16.4
6.9
3.9
6.2
1,036
100.0
83.0
31.0
40.7
32.9
20.3
10.4
2.5
10.9
Providence-Warwick, RI-MA~
669
100.0
77.4
41.9
34.5
32.5
19.1
5.1
0.7
12.9
Richmond, VA~
633
100.0
79.3
34.7
54.5
41.3
21.6
6.5
–
9.3
1,490
100.0
81.4
35.8
27.1
31.5
13.6
5.6
1.1
14.8
781
100.0
83.8
40.4
31.2
23.0
7.5
7.2
1.5
11.1
1,336
100.0
76.9
44.3
38.9
36.2
15.2
4.3
3.0
13.0
Salisbury, MD-DE~
237
100.0
69.4
37.6
29.0
34.3
14.9
6.6
0.5
24.1
Salt Lake City, UT~
533
100.0
85.6
36.6
43.2
43.5
10.2
7.9
0.6
8.3
San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX
1,057
100.0
72.8
32.8
27.8
36.0
20.0
7.9
3.0
15.7
San Diego-Carlsbad, CA
1,213
100.0
83.1
39.5
37.0
31.0
12.3
4.9
2.3
12.1
San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA
1,916
100.0
84.9
34.3
29.9
24.1
9.3
7.0
3.2
12.8
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA
831
100.0
78.3
34.9
33.3
27.2
9.1
5.5
3.1
16.0
1,669
100.0
87.9
35.4
38.5
36.4
19.5
8.3
2.9
7.6
154
100.0
84.7
42.1
31.6
38.3
34.0
5.9
0.7
10.5
1,500
100.0
81.2
40.2
36.6
31.9
14.0
4.3
1.4
13.5
Urban Honolulu, HI
348
100.0
84.3
39.4
40.1
27.9
14.5
10.2
1.4
10.4
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC~
694
100.0
82.7
34.1
51.6
41.7
23.9
4.3
3.0
8.3
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MDWV~
2,442
100.0
86.2
41.1
52.9
33.9
22.6
9.0
3.3
7.0
312
100.0
82.3
31.0
33.4
47.8
21.0
15.8
–
9.2
New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA~
Portland-South Portland, ME~
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA
Sacramento-Roseville-Arden-Arcade, CA
St. Louis, MO-IL~
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA
Sioux Falls, SD
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL
Wichita, KS~
Note: This table includes the following credit products: Visa, MasterCard, American Express, or Discover credit card (traditional credit card); store credit card; mortgage, home
equity loan, or HELOC; auto loan; student loan; other personal loans or lines of credit from a bank (other personal bank); and other personal loans or lines of credit from a
company other than a bank (other personal nonbank). A household is considered to have used mainstream credit if it had used any of these credit products in the past 12
months. The tilde symbol indicates areas with geographic boundary changes between the 2013 and 2015 surveys; see Appendix 1 (FDIC Technical Notes) for details. The dash
symbol indicates an estimate of zero; the population proportion may be slightly greater than zero.
56 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
E.4 Use of Rent-to-Own Services and Payday, Pawn Shop, Auto Title, and Tax Refund Anticipation Loans by Bank Account
Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023
All Households, Row Percent
Number of
Households
(1000s)
Percent of
Households
Rentto-Own
Service
Payday
Loan
Pawn Shop
Loan
Auto Title
Loan
Tax Refund
Anticipation
Loan
Any of
the Five
Products
133,682
100.0
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.2
2.5
5.8
128,043
100.0
1.1
1.1
0.8
1.2
2.4
5.7
5,640
100.0
2.3
1.1
3.5
1.5
3.3
9.2
Less Than $15,000
10,982
100.0
2.2
1.5
2.1
1.1
2.6
7.6
$15,000 to $30,000
15,223
100.0
1.8
1.3
1.9
1.0
2.8
7.0
$30,000 to $50,000
22,698
100.0
1.8
1.5
1.2
1.2
3.3
7.8
$50,000 to $75,000
23,891
100.0
1.1
1.6
1.1
1.1
3.2
6.7
At Least $75,000
60,887
100.0
0.6
0.6
0.4
1.3
1.7
4.1
No High School Diploma
9,907
100.0
2.3
1.4
1.9
1.6
3.7
9.0
High School Diploma
32,349
100.0
1.6
1.3
1.2
1.5
3.0
7.2
Some College
36,707
100.0
1.2
1.7
1.2
1.2
3.0
7.0
College Degree
54,719
100.0
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.9
1.6
3.6
15 to 24 Years
6,255
100.0
1.9
1.2
1.0
2.1
3.2
8.5
25 to 34 Years
21,230
100.0
1.6
1.3
1.2
1.4
2.8
6.8
35 to 44 Years
23,266
100.0
1.7
1.4
1.2
1.6
3.1
7.4
45 to 54 Years
21,685
100.0
1.4
1.3
1.1
1.4
2.9
7.0
55 to 64 Years
23,876
100.0
0.9
1.0
0.8
1.0
2.8
5.6
65 Years or More
37,370
100.0
0.4
0.7
0.7
0.6
1.3
3.2
Black
17,251
100.0
2.2
1.9
1.6
1.8
3.8
9.4
Hispanic
19,760
100.0
1.4
1.6
1.5
1.6
3.4
8.1
Asian
7,317
100.0
0.3
0.9
0.3
1.3
2.0
4.3
American Indian or Alaska Native
943
100.0
2.2
2.1
3.6
1.9
4.8
10.7
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
408
100.0
0.5
2.3
0.5
–
3.1
5.8
White
86,004
100.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
1.0
2.0
4.6
Two or More Races
1,999
100.0
1.8
1.3
2.0
0.7
3.0
7.0
Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
10,818
100.0
2.7
2.4
2.9
1.3
4.5
11.2
Not Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
79,238
100.0
1.2
1.1
0.8
1.4
2.7
6.1
Not Applicable (Not Aged 25 to 64)
43,626
100.0
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.9
1.6
4.0
Characteristic
All
Bank Account Ownership
Banked
Unbanked
Family Income
Education
Age Group
Race/Ethnicity
Disability Status
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 57
E.4 Use of Rent-to-Own Services and Payday, Pawn Shop, Auto Title, and Tax Refund Anticipation Loans by Bank Account
Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023 (continued)
All Households, Row Percent
Number of
Households
(1000s)
Percent of
Households
Rentto-Own
Service
Payday
Loan
Pawn Shop
Loan
Auto Title
Loan
Tax Refund
Anticipation
Loan
Any of
the Five
Products
Income Was About the Same Each Month
107,176
100.0
1.0
0.8
0.8
1.1
2.0
4.9
Income Varied Somewhat From Month to
Month
21,599
100.0
1.7
1.8
1.5
1.5
4.0
8.9
Income Varied a Lot From Month to Month
4,907
100.0
2.3
2.9
2.2
1.5
5.0
11.4
Employed
82,738
100.0
1.3
1.3
0.8
1.3
2.8
6.3
Unemployed
2,881
100.0
2.3
1.3
3.4
2.3
3.5
10.7
Not in Labor Force
48,063
100.0
0.8
0.8
1.1
0.9
1.9
4.6
Homeowner
88,566
100.0
0.6
0.7
0.6
1.0
1.9
4.2
Non-Homeowner
45,117
100.0
2.2
1.9
1.7
1.5
3.6
9.0
Married Couple
62,074
100.0
0.8
0.7
0.6
1.3
2.0
4.6
Unmarried Female-Householder Family
15,244
100.0
2.7
2.5
1.8
1.7
4.7
11.1
Unmarried Male-Householder Family
7,276
100.0
1.5
1.6
1.7
2.3
3.4
8.4
Female-Householder Nonfamily
25,001
100.0
1.1
1.0
1.0
0.8
1.9
4.8
Male-Householder Nonfamily
23,808
100.0
0.9
1.0
1.1
0.8
2.4
5.9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
U.S.-Born
113,192
100.0
1.2
1.0
1.0
1.2
2.4
5.7
Foreign-Born Citizen
11,667
100.0
0.7
1.1
0.1
1.0
2.7
5.0
Foreign-Born Noncitizen
8,823
100.0
1.2
2.0
1.3
1.8
3.3
8.0
Metropolitan Area
115,200
100.0
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.2
2.4
5.7
Not in Metropolitan Area
17,402
100.0
1.7
0.9
0.8
1.2
2.6
6.3
Not Identified
1,080
100.0
2.1
0.7
2.3
1.5
6.3
10.9
Northeast
23,234
100.0
0.9
0.6
0.4
0.8
2.3
4.6
Midwest
28,736
100.0
1.5
1.3
1.0
1.0
2.5
5.9
South
51,936
100.0
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.6
2.8
6.7
West
29,777
100.0
0.7
1.0
1.0
1.1
2.0
5.0
Characteristic
Monthly Income Volatility
Employment Status
Homeownership
Household Type
Other
Citizenship and Place of Birth
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Status
Geographic Region
Note: NA indicates that the sample size is too small to produce a precise estimate. The dash symbol indicates an estimate of zero; the population proportion may be slightly
greater than zero.
58 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
E.5 Use of Buy Now, Pay Later by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023
All Households, Row Percent
Characteristic
Number of Households (1000s)
Percent of Households
Buy Now, Pay Later
133,682
100.0
3.9
128,043
100.0
4.0
5,640
100.0
1.6
Less Than $15,000
10,982
100.0
2.5
$15,000 to $30,000
15,223
100.0
3.4
$30,000 to $50,000
22,698
100.0
4.7
$50,000 to $75,000
23,891
100.0
4.8
At Least $75,000
60,887
100.0
3.5
No High School Diploma
9,907
100.0
4.1
High School Diploma
32,349
100.0
3.7
Some College
36,707
100.0
4.4
College Degree
54,719
100.0
3.6
15 to 24 Years
6,255
100.0
7.3
25 to 34 Years
21,230
100.0
7.7
35 to 44 Years
23,266
100.0
5.1
45 to 54 Years
21,685
100.0
4.1
55 to 64 Years
23,876
100.0
2.4
65 Years or More
37,370
100.0
1.1
Black
17,251
100.0
6.1
Hispanic
19,760
100.0
5.3
Asian
7,317
100.0
2.7
American Indian or Alaska Native
943
100.0
3.6
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
408
100.0
1.9
White
86,004
100.0
3.1
Two or More Races
1,999
100.0
6.7
Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
10,818
100.0
5.9
Not Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
79,238
100.0
4.6
Not Applicable (Not Aged 25 to 64)
43,626
100.0
2.0
All
Bank Account Ownership
Banked
Unbanked
Family Income
Education
Age Group
Race/Ethnicity
Disability Status
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 59
E.5 Use of Buy Now, Pay Later by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023 (continued)
All Households, Row Percent
Characteristic
Number of Households (1000s)
Percent of Households
Buy Now, Pay Later
Income Was About the Same Each Month
107,176
100.0
3.2
Income Varied Somewhat From Month to Month
21,599
100.0
6.8
Income Varied a Lot From Month to Month
4,907
100.0
4.6
Employed
82,738
100.0
4.9
Unemployed
2,881
100.0
7.1
Not in Labor Force
48,063
100.0
1.9
Homeowner
88,566
100.0
2.5
Non-Homeowner
45,117
100.0
6.5
Married Couple
62,074
100.0
3.1
Unmarried Female-Householder Family
15,244
100.0
6.6
Unmarried Male-Householder Family
7,276
100.0
4.5
Female-Householder Nonfamily
25,001
100.0
4.5
Male-Householder Nonfamily
23,808
100.0
3.2
NA
NA
NA
U.S.-Born
113,192
100.0
3.9
Foreign-Born Citizen
11,667
100.0
3.3
Foreign-Born Noncitizen
8,823
100.0
4.2
Metropolitan Area
115,200
100.0
4.0
Not in Metropolitan Area
17,402
100.0
2.9
Not Identified
1,080
100.0
2.9
Northeast
23,234
100.0
4.4
Midwest
28,736
100.0
3.6
South
51,936
100.0
3.9
West
29,777
100.0
3.6
Monthly Income Volatility
Employment Status
Homeownership
Household Type
Other
Citizenship and Place of Birth
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Status
Geographic Region
Note: NA indicates that the sample size is too small to produce a precise estimate.
60 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
E.6 Frequency of Use of Buy Now, Pay Later by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023
Households That Used Buy Now, Pay Later in the Past 12 Months, Row Percent
Number of
Households (1000s)
Percent of
Households
1 Time
2 to 10 Times
More Than 10 Times
5,166
100.0
26.6
59.2
14.2
5,078
100.0
26.4
59.3
14.3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Less Than $15,000
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
$15,000 to $30,000
513
100.0
31.7
55.9
12.4
$30,000 to $50,000
1,070
100.0
27.6
58.4
14.0
$50,000 to $75,000
1,148
100.0
22.8
63.1
14.1
At Least $75,000
2,157
100.0
28.4
55.5
16.2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
High School Diploma
1,188
100.0
24.3
63.2
12.5
Some College
1,626
100.0
25.3
59.5
15.2
College Degree
1,949
100.0
27.9
57.5
14.6
15 to 24 Years
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
25 to 34 Years
1,628
100.0
23.3
64.0
12.7
35 to 44 Years
1,183
100.0
28.5
59.9
11.6
45 to 54 Years
895
100.0
18.7
62.5
18.8
55 to 64 Years
580
100.0
38.4
47.3
14.3
65 Years or More
422
100.0
32.3
46.1
21.6
Black
1,048
100.0
19.4
66.0
14.6
Hispanic
1,051
100.0
28.9
59.4
11.7
Asian
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
American Indian or Alaska Native
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2,694
100.0
28.5
56.4
15.0
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
638
100.0
28.2
55.1
16.7
3,648
100.0
25.4
61.2
13.4
880
100.0
30.6
53.5
15.9
Characteristic
All
Bank Account Ownership
Banked
Unbanked
Family Income
Education
No High School Diploma
Age Group
Race/Ethnicity
White
Two or More Races
Disability Status
Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
Not Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
Not Applicable (Not Aged 25 to 64)
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 61
E.6 Frequency of Use of Buy Now, Pay Later by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023 (continued)
Households That Used Buy Now, Pay Later in the Past 12 Months, Row Percent
Number of
Households (1000s)
Percent of
Households
1 Time
2 to 10 Times
More Than 10 Times
Income Was About the Same Each Month
3,479
100.0
26.7
59.7
13.7
Income Varied Somewhat From Month to Month
1,462
100.0
26.4
59.2
14.4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4,056
100.0
25.9
60.0
14.1
Unemployed
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Not in Labor Force
905
100.0
27.2
57.3
15.5
Homeowner
2,242
100.0
27.6
57.2
15.2
Non-Homeowner
2,924
100.0
25.9
60.7
13.5
Married Couple
1,940
100.0
27.9
58.2
13.9
Unmarried Female-Householder Family
1,012
100.0
22.3
58.8
18.9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,116
100.0
23.9
61.9
14.2
Male-Householder Nonfamily
760
100.0
30.7
58.6
10.7
Other
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4,408
100.0
26.5
58.9
14.6
Foreign-Born Citizen
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Foreign-Born Noncitizen
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4,622
100.0
25.6
60.1
14.3
Not in Metropolitan Area
512
100.0
35.0
52.3
12.8
Not Identified
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Northeast
1,020
100.0
29.0
62.2
8.8
Midwest
1,033
100.0
31.7
53.9
14.4
South
2,032
100.0
21.7
62.3
16.0
West
1,080
100.0
28.9
55.3
15.8
Characteristic
Monthly Income Volatility
Income Varied a Lot From Month to Month
Employment Status
Employed
Homeownership
Household Type
Unmarried Male-Householder Family
Female-Householder Nonfamily
Citizenship and Place of Birth
U.S.-Born
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Status
Metropolitan Area
Geographic Region
Note: Row percentages sum to 100. NA indicates that the sample size is too small to produce a precise estimate.
62 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
E.7 Online and In-Person Buy Now, Pay Later Purchases by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023
Households That Used Buy Now, Pay Later in the Past 12 Months, Row Percent
Number of Households
(1000s)
Percent of Households
Online Purchase
In-Person Purchase
5,166
100.0
84.9
20.9
5,078
100.0
85.7
20.4
NA
NA
NA
NA
Less Than $15,000
NA
NA
NA
NA
$15,000 to $30,000
513
100.0
70.7
31.8
$30,000 to $50,000
1,070
100.0
80.2
22.3
$50,000 to $75,000
1,148
100.0
83.9
19.9
At Least $75,000
2,157
100.0
91.7
16.6
NA
NA
NA
NA
High School Diploma
1,188
100.0
80.5
24.3
Some College
1,626
100.0
88.6
19.5
College Degree
1,949
100.0
89.6
15.4
15 to 24 Years
NA
NA
NA
NA
25 to 34 Years
1,628
100.0
89.2
15.4
35 to 44 Years
1,183
100.0
83.4
23.4
45 to 54 Years
895
100.0
88.4
18.8
55 to 64 Years
580
100.0
83.1
22.8
65 Years or More
422
100.0
65.6
30.4
Black
1,048
100.0
84.2
19.6
Hispanic
1,051
100.0
83.2
24.1
Asian
NA
NA
NA
NA
American Indian or Alaska Native
NA
NA
NA
NA
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
NA
NA
NA
NA
2,694
100.0
85.3
20.2
NA
NA
NA
NA
638
100.0
81.1
25.9
3,648
100.0
87.6
18.2
880
100.0
76.3
28.8
Characteristic
All
Bank Account Ownership
Banked
Unbanked
Family Income
Education
No High School Diploma
Age Group
Race/Ethnicity
White
Two or More Races
Disability Status
Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
Not Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
Not Applicable (Not Aged 25 to 64)
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 63
E.7 Online and In-Person Buy Now, Pay Later Purchases by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023
(continued)
Households That Used Buy Now, Pay Later in the Past 12 Months, Row Percent
Number of Households
(1000s)
Percent of Households
Online Purchase
In-Person Purchase
Income Was About the Same Each Month
3,479
100.0
85.5
20.7
Income Varied Somewhat From Month to Month
1,462
100.0
84.8
19.7
NA
NA
NA
NA
4,056
100.0
87.2
18.6
Unemployed
NA
NA
NA
NA
Not in Labor Force
905
100.0
75.5
31.5
Homeowner
2,242
100.0
85.3
20.9
Non-Homeowner
2,924
100.0
84.5
21.0
Married Couple
1,940
100.0
83.7
22.8
Unmarried Female-Householder Family
1,012
100.0
81.4
26.3
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,116
100.0
90.5
12.2
Male-Householder Nonfamily
760
100.0
85.3
15.8
Other
NA
NA
NA
NA
4,408
100.0
86.0
20.4
Foreign-Born Citizen
NA
NA
NA
NA
Foreign-Born Noncitizen
NA
NA
NA
NA
4,622
100.0
86.0
20.0
Not in Metropolitan Area
512
100.0
74.3
30.1
Not Identified
NA
NA
NA
NA
Northeast
1,020
100.0
85.7
17.9
Midwest
1,033
100.0
79.9
26.2
South
2,032
100.0
84.6
21.5
West
1,080
100.0
89.3
17.8
Characteristic
Monthly Income Volatility
Income Varied a Lot From Month to Month
Employment Status
Employed
Homeownership
Household Type
Unmarried Male-Householder Family
Female-Householder Nonfamily
Citizenship and Place of Birth
U.S.-Born
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Status
Metropolitan Area
Geographic Region
Note: Row percentages sum to more than 100 because households could indicate that they made online and in-person purchases. NA indicates that the sample size is too small
to produce a precise estimate.
64 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
E.8 Missed or Late Buy Now, Pay Later Payments by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023
Households That Used Buy Now, Pay Later in the Past 12 Months, Row Percent
Number of Households (1000s)
Percent of Households
Missed or Late Buy Now, Pay Later
Payment
5,166
100.0
12.8
5,078
100.0
12.7
NA
NA
NA
Less Than $15,000
NA
NA
NA
$15,000 to $30,000
513
100.0
23.7
$30,000 to $50,000
1,070
100.0
12.7
$50,000 to $75,000
1,148
100.0
13.4
At Least $75,000
2,157
100.0
9.4
NA
NA
NA
High School Diploma
1,188
100.0
9.6
Some College
1,626
100.0
15.4
College Degree
1,949
100.0
10.5
15 to 24 Years
NA
NA
NA
25 to 34 Years
1,628
100.0
12.1
35 to 44 Years
1,183
100.0
13.0
45 to 54 Years
895
100.0
14.9
55 to 64 Years
580
100.0
10.6
65 Years or More
422
100.0
13.7
Black
1,048
100.0
13.9
Hispanic
1,051
100.0
13.8
Asian
NA
NA
NA
American Indian or Alaska Native
NA
NA
NA
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
NA
NA
NA
2,694
100.0
11.4
NA
NA
NA
638
100.0
28.9
3,648
100.0
9.9
880
100.0
13.1
Characteristic
All
Bank Account Ownership
Banked
Unbanked
Family Income
Education
No High School Diploma
Age Group
Race/Ethnicity
White
Two or More Races
Disability Status
Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
Not Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
Not Applicable (Not Aged 25 to 64)
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 65
E.8 Missed or Late Buy Now, Pay Later Payments by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023 (continued)
Households That Used Buy Now, Pay Later in the Past 12 Months, Row Percent
Number of Households (1000s)
Percent of Households
Missed or Late Buy Now, Pay Later
Payment
Income Was About the Same Each Month
3,479
100.0
10.9
Income Varied Somewhat From Month to Month
1,462
100.0
14.7
NA
NA
NA
4,056
100.0
10.5
Unemployed
NA
NA
NA
Not in Labor Force
905
100.0
20.0
Homeowner
2,242
100.0
9.8
Non-Homeowner
2,924
100.0
15.1
Married Couple
1,940
100.0
10.8
Unmarried Female-Householder Family
1,012
100.0
15.2
NA
NA
NA
1,116
100.0
11.4
Male-Householder Nonfamily
760
100.0
15.1
Other
NA
NA
NA
4,408
100.0
12.4
Foreign-Born Citizen
NA
NA
NA
Foreign-Born Noncitizen
NA
NA
NA
4,622
100.0
12.4
Not in Metropolitan Area
512
100.0
16.3
Not Identified
NA
NA
NA
Northeast
1,020
100.0
10.2
Midwest
1,033
100.0
14.6
South
2,032
100.0
12.9
West
1,080
100.0
13.4
Characteristic
Monthly Income Volatility
Income Varied a Lot From Month to Month
Employment Status
Employed
Homeownership
Household Type
Unmarried Male-Householder Family
Female-Householder Nonfamily
Citizenship and Place of Birth
U.S.-Born
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Status
Metropolitan Area
Geographic Region
Note: NA indicates that the sample size is too small to produce a precise estimate.
66 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
F.1 Use of Crypto by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023
All Households, Row Percent
Characteristic
Number of Households (1000s)
Percent of Households
Crypto
133,682
100.0
4.8
128,043
100.0
5.0
5,640
100.0
1.2
Less Than $15,000
10,982
100.0
1.1
$15,000 to $30,000
15,223
100.0
1.7
$30,000 to $50,000
22,698
100.0
3.3
$50,000 to $75,000
23,891
100.0
3.8
At Least $75,000
60,887
100.0
7.3
No High School Diploma
9,907
100.0
1.4
High School Diploma
32,349
100.0
2.5
Some College
36,707
100.0
4.5
College Degree
54,719
100.0
7.1
15 to 24 Years
6,255
100.0
6.5
25 to 34 Years
21,230
100.0
9.8
35 to 44 Years
23,266
100.0
7.1
45 to 54 Years
21,685
100.0
5.8
55 to 64 Years
23,876
100.0
2.7
65 Years or More
37,370
100.0
1.2
Black
17,251
100.0
3.2
Hispanic
19,760
100.0
3.5
Asian
7,317
100.0
7.5
American Indian or Alaska Native
943
100.0
4.1
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
408
100.0
4.8
White
86,004
100.0
5.2
Two or More Races
1,999
100.0
10.3
Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
10,818
100.0
4.7
Not Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
79,238
100.0
6.5
Not Applicable (Not Aged 25 to 64)
43,626
100.0
2.0
All
Bank Account Ownership
Banked
Unbanked
Family Income
Education
Age Group
Race/Ethnicity
Disability Status
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 67
F.1 Use of Crypto by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023 (continued)
All Households, Row Percent
Characteristic
Number of Households (1000s)
Percent of Households
Crypto
Income Was About the Same Each Month
107,176
100.0
4.2
Income Varied Somewhat From Month to Month
21,599
100.0
7.1
Income Varied a Lot From Month to Month
4,907
100.0
9.7
Employed
82,738
100.0
6.6
Unemployed
2,881
100.0
5.7
Not in Labor Force
48,063
100.0
1.8
Homeowner
88,566
100.0
4.7
Non-Homeowner
45,117
100.0
5.2
Married Couple
62,074
100.0
5.0
Unmarried Female-Householder Family
15,244
100.0
2.8
Unmarried Male-Householder Family
7,276
100.0
6.8
Female-Householder Nonfamily
25,001
100.0
2.6
Male-Householder Nonfamily
23,808
100.0
7.4
NA
NA
NA
U.S.-Born
113,192
100.0
4.8
Foreign-Born Citizen
11,667
100.0
4.8
Foreign-Born Noncitizen
8,823
100.0
4.8
Metropolitan Area
115,200
100.0
5.2
Not in Metropolitan Area
17,402
100.0
2.6
Not Identified
1,080
100.0
4.3
Northeast
23,234
100.0
4.7
Midwest
28,736
100.0
5.1
South
51,936
100.0
3.8
West
29,777
100.0
6.6
Monthly Income Volatility
Employment Status
Homeownership
Household Type
Other
Citizenship and Place of Birth
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Status
Geographic Region
Note: NA indicates that the sample size is too small to produce a precise estimate.
68 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
F.2 Specific Uses of Crypto by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023
Households That Owned or Used Crypto in the Past 12 Months, Row Percent
Number of
Households
(1000s)
Percent of
Households
Hold as
Investment
Send or
Receive
Money
Make
Purchases in
Person
Make
Purchases
Online
Some Other
Use
6,480
100.0
92.6
3.3
0.3
4.4
4.9
6,412
100.0
93.0
2.9
0.3
4.1
4.9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Less Than $15,000
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
$15,000 to $30,000
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
$30,000 to $50,000
742
100.0
87.5
8.6
0.3
5.5
4.8
$50,000 to $75,000
899
100.0
91.6
2.5
0.4
6.8
5.0
4,452
100.0
94.3
2.4
0.1
3.6
4.9
No High School Diploma
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
High School Diploma
810
100.0
89.3
5.3
0.7
6.4
4.6
Some College
1,645
100.0
91.8
4.1
0.6
4.9
3.2
College Degree
3,890
100.0
93.6
2.6
0.1
3.5
5.7
15 to 24 Years
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
25 to 34 Years
2,081
100.0
91.9
4.4
0.4
5.5
4.5
35 to 44 Years
1,645
100.0
93.8
2.3
0.3
4.6
5.6
45 to 54 Years
1,259
100.0
91.3
2.7
–
3.4
6.1
55 to 64 Years
644
100.0
89.5
4.3
–
3.0
4.3
65 Years or More
446
100.0
97.4
0.3
0.6
–
2.9
Black
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Hispanic
691
100.0
91.1
2.9
–
8.6
5.1
Asian
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
American Indian or Alaska Native
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4,430
100.0
92.3
3.4
0.3
4.2
5.2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
508
100.0
85.7
4.8
–
8.1
9.3
5,121
100.0
92.7
3.2
0.3
4.1
4.7
851
100.0
96.1
2.5
0.4
3.8
3.1
Characteristic
All
Bank Account Ownership
Banked
Unbanked
Family Income
At Least $75,000
Education
Age Group
Race/Ethnicity
White
Two or More Races
Disability Status
Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
Not Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
Not Applicable (Not Aged 25 to 64)
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 69
F.2 Specific Uses of Crypto by Bank Account Ownership and Household Characteristics, 2023 (continued)
Households That Owned or Used Crypto in the Past 12 Months, Row Percent
Number of
Households
(1000s)
Percent of
Households
Hold as
Investment
Send or
Receive
Money
Make
Purchases in
Person
Make
Purchases
Online
Some Other
Use
Income Was About the Same Each Month
4,477
100.0
92.7
2.5
0.2
4.0
4.8
Income Varied Somewhat From Month to Month
1,526
100.0
92.2
4.7
0.2
5.3
4.7
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5,467
100.0
92.7
3.2
0.2
4.5
5.0
Unemployed
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Not in Labor Force
849
100.0
93.5
3.8
0.3
2.9
2.6
Homeowner
4,122
100.0
93.4
2.4
0.1
3.2
4.2
Non-Homeowner
2,358
100.0
91.1
4.8
0.5
6.4
6.1
3,108
100.0
92.8
2.7
0.1
2.9
5.1
Unmarried Female-Householder Family
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Unmarried Male-Householder Family
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Female-Householder Nonfamily
648
100.0
91.6
5.1
–
6.2
7.4
1,767
100.0
91.9
3.8
0.2
5.2
4.9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5,489
100.0
92.4
2.9
0.3
4.8
5.0
Foreign-Born Citizen
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Foreign-Born Noncitizen
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5,990
100.0
92.5
3.3
0.2
4.6
5.0
Not in Metropolitan Area
444
100.0
94.4
2.5
1.0
1.9
4.0
Not Identified
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Northeast
1,083
100.0
92.3
3.3
–
3.0
6.5
Midwest
1,465
100.0
92.3
5.3
0.9
3.0
4.1
South
1,970
100.0
92.3
2.8
0.1
5.2
3.7
West
1,962
100.0
93.1
2.1
0.1
5.4
5.8
Characteristic
Monthly Income Volatility
Income Varied a Lot From Month to Month
Employment Status
Employed
Homeownership
Household Type
Married Couple
Male-Householder Nonfamily
Other
Citizenship and Place of Birth
U.S.-Born
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Status
Metropolitan Area
Geographic Region
Note: This table includes the following specific uses of crypto: hold as an investment, send money to or receive money from family or friends (send or receive money), buy
items in person (make purchases in person), buy items online (make purchases online), and some other use. Row percentages sum to more than 100 because households could
select more than one specific use. NA indicates that the sample size is too small to produce a precise estimate. The dash symbol indicates an estimate of zero; the population
proportion may be slightly greater than zero.
70 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
G.1 Fully Banked, Underbanked, and Unbanked Rates by Household Characteristics, 2023
All Households, Row Percent
Number of
Households (1000s)
Percent of
Households
Fully Banked
Underbanked
Unbanked
133,682
100.0
81.6
14.2
4.2
Less Than $15,000
10,982
100.0
61.3
16.9
21.8
$15,000 to $30,000
15,223
100.0
72.2
18.8
9.0
$30,000 to $50,000
22,698
100.0
77.7
17.8
4.5
$50,000 to $75,000
23,891
100.0
82.8
15.4
1.8
At Least $75,000
60,887
100.0
88.6
10.7
0.7
No High School Diploma
9,907
100.0
57.2
23.1
19.7
High School Diploma
32,349
100.0
77.4
16.0
6.5
Some College
36,707
100.0
81.2
15.7
3.0
College Degree
54,719
100.0
88.7
10.4
0.8
15 to 24 Years
6,255
100.0
73.3
20.8
5.9
25 to 34 Years
21,230
100.0
77.2
17.6
5.2
35 to 44 Years
23,266
100.0
79.9
15.4
4.7
45 to 54 Years
21,685
100.0
79.9
15.8
4.3
55 to 64 Years
23,876
100.0
82.0
13.6
4.4
65 Years or More
37,370
100.0
87.3
9.8
2.9
Black
17,251
100.0
65.6
23.8
10.6
Hispanic
19,760
100.0
68.8
21.7
9.5
Asian
7,317
100.0
81.2
16.8
2.0
American Indian or Alaska Native
943
100.0
65.9
21.9
12.2
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
408
100.0
68.2
27.0
4.8
White
86,004
100.0
88.1
10.1
1.9
Two or More Races
1,999
100.0
80.7
16.8
2.5
Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
10,818
100.0
67.6
21.2
11.2
Not Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
79,238
100.0
81.5
14.8
3.7
Not Applicable (Not Aged 25 to 64)
43,626
100.0
85.3
11.4
3.4
Income Was About the Same Each Month
107,176
100.0
83.3
12.8
4.0
Income Varied Somewhat From Month to Month
21,599
100.0
76.1
19.2
4.6
Income Varied a Lot From Month to Month
4,907
100.0
69.5
22.2
8.3
Characteristic
All
Family Income
Education
Age Group
Race/Ethnicity
Disability Status
Monthly Income Volatility
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 71
G.1 Fully Banked, Underbanked, and Unbanked Rates by Household Characteristics, 2023 (continued)
All Households, Row Percent
Number of
Households (1000s)
Percent of
Households
Fully Banked
Underbanked
Unbanked
Employed
82,738
100.0
81.7
15.5
2.8
Unemployed
2,881
100.0
70.5
16.3
13.2
Not in Labor Force
48,063
100.0
82.1
11.8
6.1
Homeowner
88,566
100.0
87.8
10.6
1.6
Non-Homeowner
45,117
100.0
69.4
21.2
9.4
Married Couple
62,074
100.0
86.1
12.3
1.6
Unmarried Female-Householder Family
15,244
100.0
68.9
22.6
8.5
Unmarried Male-Householder Family
7,276
100.0
73.4
20.3
6.4
Female-Householder Nonfamily
25,001
100.0
82.9
11.8
5.3
Male-Householder Nonfamily
23,808
100.0
79.4
14.3
6.3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
U.S.-Born
113,192
100.0
84.0
12.5
3.5
Foreign-Born Citizen
11,667
100.0
75.8
20.4
3.8
Foreign-Born Noncitizen
8,823
100.0
58.1
27.6
14.3
Metropolitan Area
115,200
100.0
81.7
14.2
4.1
Not in Metropolitan Area
17,402
100.0
81.3
13.9
4.8
Not Identified
1,080
100.0
77.8
18.4
3.8
Northeast
23,234
100.0
82.1
14.0
3.9
Midwest
28,736
100.0
83.7
12.5
3.8
South
51,936
100.0
79.6
15.3
5.1
West
29,777
100.0
82.6
14.0
3.4
Characteristic
Employment Status
Homeownership
Household Type
Other
Citizenship and Place of Birth
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Status
Geographic Region
Note: The underbanked definition is based on the following nonbank financial services: nonbank money orders, nonbank check cashing, nonbank international remittances,
rent-to-own services, payday loans, pawn shop loans, auto title loans, and tax refund anticipation loans. Underbanked and fully banked rates in 2023 are not directly
comparable to those in 2021 because of changes to the question on tax refund anticipation loans. Row percentages sum to 100. NA indicates that the sample size is too small to
produce a precise estimate.
72 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
G.2 Fully Banked, Underbanked, and Unbanked Rates by State, 2023
All Households, Row Percent
Number of Households
(1000s)
Percent of Households
Fully Banked
Underbanked
Unbanked
133,682
100.0
81.6
14.2
4.2
AL
2,249
100.0
79.6
15.2
5.2
AK
260
100.0
81.3
16.5
2.2
AZ
2,861
100.0
81.8
15.2
3.0
AR
1,315
100.0
77.4
16.1
6.4
CA
14,007
100.0
82.4
13.3
4.3
CO
2,468
100.0
85.7
13.2
1.1
CT
1,430
100.0
83.4
13.7
2.9
DE
416
100.0
84.4
12.1
3.5
DC
338
100.0
75.8
17.0
7.2
FL
9,247
100.0
82.0
14.8
3.2
GA
4,308
100.0
75.8
17.1
7.0
HI
509
100.0
83.0
13.5
3.5
ID
761
100.0
79.8
17.6
2.5
IL
5,221
100.0
80.1
13.2
6.6
IN
2,799
100.0
81.4
13.8
4.8
IA
1,357
100.0
87.9
10.5
1.6
KS
1,159
100.0
82.0
14.7
3.4
KY
1,835
100.0
83.1
11.1
5.8
LA
1,934
100.0
77.0
15.0
8.0
ME
641
100.0
83.3
14.1
2.6
MD
2,312
100.0
84.3
12.3
3.4
MA
2,821
100.0
84.4
12.9
2.8
MI
4,161
100.0
85.0
11.8
3.2
MN
2,405
100.0
90.4
7.8
1.7
MS
1,184
100.0
71.8
18.8
9.4
MO
2,532
100.0
78.9
17.7
3.4
MT
476
100.0
85.1
12.9
2.0
NE
821
100.0
86.1
11.3
2.5
NV
1,272
100.0
81.6
12.3
6.1
NH
577
100.0
90.2
8.7
1.1
NJ
3,478
100.0
78.0
17.3
4.7
NM
845
100.0
73.8
20.8
5.3
NY
8,163
100.0
79.5
15.4
5.1
Geography
All
State
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 73
G.2 Fully Banked, Underbanked, and Unbanked Rates by State, 2023 (continued)
All Households, Row Percent
Number of Households
(1000s)
Percent of Households
Fully Banked
Underbanked
Unbanked
NC
4,413
100.0
84.4
12.1
3.5
ND
328
100.0
84.9
13.4
1.7
OH
4,993
100.0
83.0
12.8
4.2
OK
1,624
100.0
75.6
18.1
6.2
OR
1,752
100.0
84.7
13.3
2.0
PA
5,399
100.0
85.7
11.3
3.0
RI
443
100.0
83.3
13.8
2.9
SC
2,303
100.0
80.4
14.3
5.3
SD
382
100.0
88.5
7.7
3.8
TN
2,992
100.0
80.8
13.6
5.7
TX
11,226
100.0
75.0
18.5
6.5
UT
1,203
100.0
86.1
12.8
1.2
VT
282
100.0
88.8
10.2
0.9
VA
3,482
100.0
86.6
12.5
0.9
WA
3,120
100.0
82.8
15.4
1.8
WV
756
100.0
81.7
14.0
4.3
WI
2,576
100.0
88.0
10.0
2.0
WY
244
100.0
83.0
15.2
1.8
Geography
Note: The underbanked definition is based on the following nonbank financial services: nonbank money orders, nonbank check cashing, nonbank international remittances,
rent-to-own services, payday loans, pawn shop loans, auto title loans, and tax refund anticipation loans. Underbanked and fully banked rates in 2023 are not directly comparable
to those in 2021 because of changes to the question on tax refund anticipation loans. Row percentages sum to 100.
74 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
G.3 Fully Banked, Underbanked, and Unbanked Rates by MSA, 2023
All Households, Row Percent
Number of
Households (1000s)
Percent of
Households
Fully Banked
Underbanked
Unbanked
133,682
100.0
81.6
14.2
4.2
426
100.0
78.6
17.8
3.6
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA~
2,474
100.0
77.4
16.6
6.0
Austin-Round Rock, TX
1,111
100.0
75.1
22.7
2.2
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD
1,095
100.0
82.1
14.3
3.5
Birmingham-Hoover, AL
742
100.0
82.2
13.8
4.0
Boise City, ID
359
100.0
78.1
20.8
1.0
1,986
100.0
83.7
13.4
2.9
98
100.0
87.1
12.2
0.7
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC~
1,404
100.0
86.5
11.6
2.0
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI
3,837
100.0
81.1
14.3
4.7
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN~
716
100.0
80.7
12.7
6.6
Cleveland-Elyria, OH
1,027
100.0
84.3
10.2
5.4
980
100.0
76.8
16.0
7.2
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX~
2,350
100.0
79.0
16.3
4.7
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO
1,162
100.0
86.0
14.0
–
Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI
1,936
100.0
81.8
13.2
5.0
Fargo, ND-MN
77
100.0
83.0
17.0
–
Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, SC~
400
100.0
81.5
14.7
3.8
3,277
100.0
73.5
17.1
9.4
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN~
909
100.0
75.8
18.9
5.2
Jackson, MS~
293
100.0
81.2
14.8
4.0
Kansas City, MO-KS~
784
100.0
81.5
17.7
0.8
Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV
960
100.0
82.8
11.0
6.2
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR
325
100.0
81.6
12.5
6.0
4,568
100.0
82.2
13.2
4.5
Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN~
582
100.0
82.8
11.8
5.4
Manchester-Nashua, NH~
184
100.0
91.2
8.8
–
Memphis, TN-MS-AR~
519
100.0
66.8
18.0
15.2
2,584
100.0
78.0
18.0
4.0
730
100.0
88.5
8.0
3.4
1,638
100.0
89.5
9.3
1.3
Nashville-Davidson-Murfreesboro-Franklin, TN~
927
100.0
92.2
4.7
3.0
New Orleans-Metairie, LA~
538
100.0
76.9
13.1
9.9
Geography
All
MSA
Albuquerque, NM
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH~
Burlington-South Burlington, VT~
Columbus, OH~
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX~
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI~
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 75
G.3 Fully Banked, Underbanked, and Unbanked Rates by MSA, 2023 (continued)
All Households, Row Percent
Number of
Households (1000s)
Percent of
Households
Fully Banked
Underbanked
Unbanked
8,161
100.0
78.2
16.4
5.4
Oklahoma City, OK
637
100.0
79.8
14.7
5.5
Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA
466
100.0
87.7
10.2
2.1
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL
1,360
100.0
88.1
11.4
0.5
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD
2,455
100.0
84.1
12.3
3.7
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ
1,946
100.0
82.7
14.7
2.5
Pittsburgh, PA
1,139
100.0
85.4
10.1
4.5
268
100.0
89.3
10.7
–
1,036
100.0
85.9
12.4
1.8
Providence-Warwick, RI-MA~
669
100.0
85.8
11.5
2.7
Richmond, VA~
633
100.0
88.8
9.7
1.5
1,490
100.0
79.2
16.4
4.4
781
100.0
87.7
9.9
2.4
1,336
100.0
79.6
16.9
3.5
Salisbury, MD-DE~
237
100.0
77.9
6.9
15.2
Salt Lake City, UT~
533
100.0
85.2
12.7
2.2
San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX
1,057
100.0
77.8
18.6
3.5
San Diego-Carlsbad, CA
1,213
100.0
87.4
9.9
2.8
San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA
1,916
100.0
82.0
13.7
4.3
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA
831
100.0
83.1
14.1
2.7
1,669
100.0
82.8
16.0
1.2
154
100.0
86.0
11.1
2.9
1,500
100.0
76.9
21.4
1.7
Urban Honolulu, HI
348
100.0
82.0
14.3
3.7
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC~
694
100.0
80.1
18.7
1.2
2,442
100.0
86.0
12.5
1.5
312
100.0
81.3
17.1
1.6
Geography
New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA~
Portland-South Portland, ME~
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA
Sacramento-Roseville-Arden-Arcade, CA
St. Louis, MO-IL~
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA
Sioux Falls, SD
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV~
Wichita, KS~
Note: The underbanked definition is based on the following nonbank financial services: nonbank money orders, nonbank check cashing, nonbank international remittances,
rent-to-own services, payday loans, pawn shop loans, auto title loans, and tax refund anticipation loans. Underbanked and fully banked rates in 2023 are not directly comparable
to those in 2021 because of changes to the question on tax refund anticipation loans. Row percentages sum to 100. The tilde symbol indicates areas with geographic boundary
changes between the 2013 and 2015 surveys; see Appendix 1 (FDIC Technical Notes) for details. The dash symbol indicates an estimate of zero; the population proportion may be
slightly greater than zero.
76 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
G.4 Distributions of Household Characteristics Among Fully Banked, Underbanked, and Unbanked Households, 2023
All Households, Column Percent
Characteristic
All
Fully Banked
Underbanked
Unbanked
133,682
109,085
18,958
5,640
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Less Than $15,000
8.2
6.2
9.8
42.5
$15,000 to $30,000
11.4
10.1
15.1
24.3
$30,000 to $50,000
17.0
16.2
21.3
18.0
$50,000 to $75,000
17.9
18.1
19.4
7.5
At Least $75,000
45.5
49.4
34.3
7.9
No High School Diploma
7.4
5.2
12.0
34.6
High School Diploma
24.2
23.0
27.4
37.5
Some College
27.5
27.3
30.4
19.8
College Degree
40.9
44.5
30.1
8.0
15 to 24 Years
4.7
4.2
6.8
6.6
25 to 34 Years
15.9
15.0
19.7
19.4
35 to 44 Years
17.4
17.0
18.9
19.5
45 to 54 Years
16.2
15.9
18.0
16.6
55 to 64 Years
17.9
17.9
17.2
18.5
65 Years or More
28.0
29.9
19.3
19.4
Black
12.9
10.4
21.7
32.3
Hispanic
14.8
12.5
22.6
33.4
Asian
5.5
5.4
6.5
2.6
American Indian or Alaska Native
0.7
0.6
1.1
2.0
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0.3
0.3
0.6
0.4
White
64.3
69.4
45.7
28.4
Two or More Races
1.5
1.5
1.8
0.9
Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
8.1
6.7
12.1
21.5
Not Disabled, Aged 25 to 64
59.3
59.2
61.8
52.5
Not Applicable (Not Aged 25 to 64)
32.6
34.1
26.1
26.0
Income Was About the Same Each Month
80.2
81.8
72.3
75.1
Income Varied Somewhat From Month to Month
16.2
15.1
21.9
17.7
Income Varied a Lot From Month to Month
3.7
3.1
5.8
7.2
Number of Households (1000s)
Percent of Households
Family Income
Education
Age Group
Race/Ethnicity
Disability Status
Monthly Income Volatility
2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households | APPENDIX TABLES | 77
G.4 Distributions of Household Characteristics Among Fully Banked, Underbanked, and Unbanked Households, 2023 (continued)
All Households, Column Percent
Characteristic
All
Fully Banked
Underbanked
Unbanked
Employed
61.9
62.0
67.6
41.4
Unemployed
2.2
1.9
2.5
6.8
Not in Labor Force
36.0
36.2
29.9
51.9
Homeowner
66.3
71.3
49.6
24.9
Non-Homeowner
33.7
28.7
50.4
75.1
Married Couple
46.4
49.0
40.3
18.0
Unmarried Female-Householder Family
11.4
9.6
18.2
22.9
Unmarried Male-Householder Family
5.4
4.9
7.8
8.2
Female-Householder Nonfamily
18.7
19.0
15.6
23.4
Male-Householder Nonfamily
17.8
17.3
18.0
26.7
Other
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.8
U.S.-Born
84.7
87.2
74.6
69.8
Foreign-Born Citizen
8.7
8.1
12.5
7.9
Foreign-Born Noncitizen
6.6
4.7
12.8
22.3
Metropolitan Area
86.2
86.3
86.2
84.4
Not in Metropolitan Area
13.0
13.0
12.8
14.9
Not Identified
0.8
0.8
1.0
0.7
Northeast
17.4
17.5
17.2
16.0
Midwest
21.5
22.0
18.9
19.6
South
38.9
37.9
41.9
46.7
West
22.3
22.6
22.0
17.8
Employment Status
Homeownership
Household Type
Citizenship and Place of Birth
Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Status
Geographic Region
Note: The underbanked definition is based on the following nonbank financial services: nonbank money orders, nonbank check cashing, nonbank international remittances,
rent-to-own services, payday loans, pawn shop loans, auto title loans, and tax refund anticipation loans. Column percentages for each household characteristic sum to 100.
78 | APPENDIX TABLES | 2023 FDIC National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Households
FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION
FDIC-037-2024
| File Type | application/pdf |
| File Title | 2023 National Survey of Unbanked and Underbanked Household |
| Author | FDIC |
| File Modified | 2024-11-04 |
| File Created | 2024-11-04 |