0920-24DM Survey on Antimicrobial Resistance Among National Policy

WS-CDC ARX – ARX Questionnaire

Form Approved

OMB Control No.: 0920-1154

Expiration date: 03/31/2026

Antimicrobial Resistance Communications and Media Support Services

Survey on Antimicrobial Resistance Among National Policy Audiences

February 20, 2024 V3

Questionnaire

[INTRODUCTION] KRC Research is conducting a national survey on an important topic on behalf of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). You were randomly chosen from a panel of professionals to participate in this important survey related to public, animal, and environmental health. We are not marketing or selling anything, and the survey is not political in nature. This survey is strictly public opinion research, about your personal opinions—not those of your employer or others. Your participation is voluntary, and so you do not have to answer any questions that you are uncomfortable answering. Your answers to questions are confidential and anonymous. We will not ask for your name, address, or identifying information. A few questions to start…

Demographics

1. What is your age? ONLY ACCEPT AGE 21 to 64. WRITE IN.

RE-CODE:

21-34 1

35-44 2

45-54 3

55-64 4

2. How do you currently describe yourself? Mark all that apply. MULTISELECT

Female 1

Male 2

Transgender 3

I use a different term [free-text] 4

Prefer not to answer/decline 5

3. What is the highest level of education you have completed?

Some high school 1

Graduated high school 2

Trade, vocational, or technical school 3

Some college or 2-year degree 4

Graduated college 5

Post-graduate degree 6

I’d prefer not to say 7

Professional Role & Policy Domains

4. Which of the following best describes your primary employer?

Federal legislative branch or Congressional staff 1

A multi-lateral government organization 2

A private or publicly traded company 3

A not-for-profit organization 4

None of the above [TERMINATE] 5

5. [IF EMPLOYER=COMPANY OR NON-PROFIT] Which of the below best describes your employer? Please select the closest match.

A corporation’s government relations or public affairs function 1

A public affairs, communications, or management consultancy 2

A law firm or lobbying firm 3

A trade association 4

A professional association 5

A labor or teachers’ union 6

A not-for-profit advocacy group 7

A political party or political campaign 8

An educational institution, think tank, or research institute 9

A publication, website, or media company 10

Other [SPECIFY] 11

6. Does your job include any of the following roles in public policy? Select all that apply. [MULTISELECT]

Researching, analyzing, evaluating, or interpreting public policy issues 1

Communicating facts or opinions about public policy 2

Shaping or influencing public policy proposals 3

Implementing or enforcing public policy 4

None of the above [EXCLUSIVE. TERMINATE] 5

7. The following is a list of public policy issue areas. Please select all the issues that you follow or that are among your areas of expertise. [MULTISELECT. RANDOMIZE. MUST SELECT AT LEAST ONE OF THE FOLLOWING]

Agriculture and animal health 1

Biopharmaceuticals and pharmaceuticals 2

Economics and global trade 3

Environmental health and science 4

Education 5

Food and nutrition 6

Foreign policy and national security 7

Infectious diseases 8

International cooperation 9

Global health and One Health approach 10

Public health, health care, and health education. 11

Regulation 12

Surveillance systems to monitor and track public health 13

Science, technology, and innovation 14

Transportation and travel 15

Vaccines 16

Zoonotic diseases 17

None of the above [EXCLUSIVE. TERMINATE] 99

Awareness of AR

Thank you. Let’s begin.

8. Have you read, seen, or heard anything recently about antimicrobial resistance (antibiotic or antifungal resistance)?

Yes 1

No 2

Don’t know 3

9. [IF SEEN, READ, OR HEARD] Where did you read, see, or hear about antimicrobial resistance (antibiotic or antifungal resistance)? Select all that apply. [MULTISELECT. RANDOMIZE]

Print (newspaper or magazine) 1

Radio 2

Television (network, cable, streaming) 3

Social media 4

Website or app 5

CDC 6

Another federal agency 7

Family or friends 8

Colleagues or in workplace 9

Somewhere else [ANCHOR, SPECIFY] 10

Don’t recall [ANCHOR. EXCLUSIVE] 11

10. [IF SEEN, READ, OR HEARD] What did you read, see, or hear about antimicrobial resistance (antibiotic or antifungal resistance)? What was the main message?

[OPEN END] 1

11. Based on what you know, which of the following two statements do you agree with more? [RANDOMIZE]

The human body develops resistance to antimicrobials, like antibiotics and antifungals 1

Microbes like bacteria and fungi develop resistance to antimicrobials, like antibiotics and antifungals 2

Not sure [ANCHOR] 2

Go-To Sources of Information about AR

12. If you were looking for information about antimicrobial resistance (antibiotic or antifungal resistance), what sources would you trust for accurate information? Please share all that apply.

[OPEN END] 1

13. If and when you are looking for information about antimicrobial resistance (antibiotic or antifungal resistance), which of the following are your THREE primary sources for accurate information? [ACCEPT UP TO THREE RESPONSES. RANDOMIZE]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 1

National Institutes of Health (NIH) 2

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 3

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 4

World Health Organization (WHO) 5

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) 6

World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) 7

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) 8

Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) 9

Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors without Borders) 10

Alliance for Prudent Use of Antibiotics (APUA) 11

The Pew Charitable Trusts 12

ReAct – Action on Antibiotic Resistance 13

The Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP) 14

The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) 15

JAMA Network 16

WebMD 17

Nature 18

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) 19

Somewhere else [ANCHOR, SPECIFY] 20

Don’t recall [ANCHOR, EXCLUSIVE] 21

Informed about Key AR Policy Topics

How informed do you feel about each of the following topics? [RANDOMIZE]

		Very informed	Somewhat informed	Not too informed	Not informed at all
	Antimicrobial resistance (antibiotic or antifungal resistance) [ALWAYS SHOW FIRST]	1	2	3	4
	Appropriate use of antibiotics and antifungals	1	2	3	4
	The role of vaccines in preventing and/or reducing the severity of infections	1	2	3	4
	Infection prevention and control	1	2	3	4
	Antibiotic and antifungal drug development	1	2	3	4
	The role of public policy in addressing antimicrobial resistance	1	2	3	4
	Federal policies and programs related to combating antimicrobial resistance	1	2	3	4
	State policies and programs related to combating antimicrobial resistance	1	2	3	4
	U.S. government programs to combat AR around the world	1	2	3	4
	The burden of AR in the United States	1	2	3	4
	The burden of AR globally	1	2	3	4

Knowledge and Attitudes about AR

Antimicrobial resistance happens when germs like bacteria and fungi develop the ability to defeat the drugs designed to kill them. That means the germs continue to grow and resistant infections can be difficult, and sometimes impossible, to treat.

Currently, based on what you know, how common is antimicrobial resistance in…?

		Very common	Somewhat common	Not too common	Not common at all	Don’t Know
	The United States	1	2	3	4	5
	The rest of the world	1	2	3	4	5

27. Currently, based on what you know, how big a public health threat is antimicrobial (antibiotic and antifungal) resistance in the United States?

Negligible threat 1

Minor threat 2

Moderate threat 3

Major threat 4

Severe threat 5

Don’t know 9

28. Considering public health priorities, how important a public policy priority is antimicrobial resistance in the United States today?

Very important 1

Somewhat important 2

Not too important 3

Not at all important 4

Don’t know 9

29. In your opinion, how important a public policy priority should antimicrobial resistance be for the United States today?

Very important 1

Somewhat important 2

Not too important 3

Not at all important 4

Don’t know 9

For each of the following, indicate how important a priority you believe U.S. public policy experts should place on strategies to deal with antimicrobial (antibiotic and antifungal) resistance. [RANDOMIZE]

		Critical priority	High priority	Medium priority	Low priority	Don’t Know
	Development of new antibiotic and antifungal drugs, AR diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics	1	2	3	4	5
	More public education around hygiene, vaccination, and infection prevention	1	2	3	4	5
	Appropriate antibiotic and antifungal prescribing by healthcare professionals	1	2	3	4	5
	Appropriate use of prescribed antibiotics and antifungals by patients	1	2	3	4	5
	Appropriate antibiotic and antifungal prescribing by veterinary healthcare professionals and use by food animal producers	1	2	3	4	5
	Better surveillance systems to track antimicrobial resistance	1	2	3	4	5
	Controlling transmission and spread of known antimicrobial-resistant pathogens	1	2	3	4	5

Based on what you know, which of the following two statements do you agree with more? [RANDOMIZE DISPLAY OF A OR B STATEMENT FIRST IN EACH PAIR, RANDOMIZE ORDER OF PAIRS]

	Vaccination is unrelated to antimicrobial resistance	Vaccination can help slow the spread of antimicrobial resistance	Not sure
	Antimicrobial resistance is a current and urgent threat	Antimicrobial resistance is not a current and urgent problem, but it will be one for future generations	Not sure
	Hand hygiene, safe food handling, and other ways to prevent infections help slow the spread of antimicrobial resistance	Reducing the use of antibiotics is the main way to slow to spread antimicrobial resistance	Not sure

The following is a list of facts. After reading each, indicate how compelling that is as a reason to take urgent policy action to help slow the spread of antimicrobial resistance. [RANDOMIZE]

		Very compelling	Somewhat compelling	Not very compelling	Not compelling at all	Don’t Know
	According to CDC, each year in the U.S. at least 2.8 million people get an antibiotic-resistant infection, and more than 35,000 people die as a result.	1	2	3	4	5
	According to the World Health Organization, antimicrobial resistance is a top 10 global public health threat facing humanity.	1	2	3	4	5
	Without antibiotic and antifungal drugs that work, medical procedures such as organ transplantation, cancer chemotherapy, diabetes management, and major surgery become very high risk.	1	2	3	4	5
	New antimicrobial resistance is accelerating globally, threatening our ability to treat common infectious diseases.	1	2	3	4	5
	Infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria lead to longer hospital stays, higher medical costs, and increased mortality.	1	2	3	4	5
	According to a report commissioned by the U.K. government, by 2050 antimicrobial resistance could cause 10 million deaths each year and cost up to $100 trillion.	1	2	3	4	5
	Antimicrobial resistance is causing treatments to be ineffective for a growing number of infections, including pneumonia, tuberculosis, blood poisoning, gonorrhea, and foodborne diseases.	1	2	3	4	5
	There are very few new antibiotics in the pipeline, with few potential drugs in development to replace ineffective treatments.	1	2	3	4	5
	Antimicrobial resistance is not only a threat to human health—it is a major threat to animal health, food production, and agriculture.	1	2	3	4	5
	Given the time it takes to develop new antibiotics and implement effective policy changes, immediate action is needed.	1	2	3	4	5

Here are the facts you said are very or somewhat compelling. Of these, which TWO are most compelling? [AUTO-CODE IF ONLY ONE OR TWO REASONS =1-2 IN PREVIOUS SERIES]

50. Reason #1

51. Reason #2

CDC and Information Preferences and Needs

52. Which sources of information do you find most compelling when informing yourself about public policy topics, needs, and approaches? Select up to three. [ACCEPT UP TO THREE RESPONSES, RANDOMIZE]

Scientific research 1

Subject matter experts on human and animal health 2

Biopharmaceutical companies with topical experience 3

The agriculture industry with topical experience 4

Non-governmental organizations 5

Government agencies, like CDC 6

Policymakers and legislators 7

Economists 8

Academic and research institutions 9

Opinion research about key stakeholders (clinicians, patients, etc.) 10

Other [ANCHOR, SPECIFY] 11

None of the above [ANCHOR, EXCLUSIVE] 12

53. How familiar are you with CDC’s report, Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2019 ?

Very familiar 1

Somewhat familiar 2

Not very familiar 3

Not familiar at all 4

54. Based on what you know, how effective is CDC at providing information to support antimicrobial policy initiatives?

Very effective 1

Somewhat effective 2

Not very effective 3

Not effective at all 4

No opinion or not enough knowledge of the initiative 5

55. Do you have any questions related to CDC’s work to slow antimicrobial resistance? If so, what are your questions?

[OPEN END] 1

No questions 2

56. Which of the following are your preferred ways of receiving information from CDC related to issues and efforts to prevent antimicrobial resistance?

Concise policy briefs 1

Reports with in-depth analysis, data, and documentation 2

Presentations (in-person, video conference, online) 3

Fact sheets 4

Infographics 5

Webinars 6

Roundtable discussions 7

Newsletters 8

Social media – short posts with links to more detail 9

Web content – resources on CDC’s website 10

Workshops 11

Direct consultations 12

Press releases 13

White Papers 14

Podcasts 15

Other [ANCHOR, SPECIFY] 16

None of the above [ANCHOR, EXCLUSIVE] 17

Sample Balancing for Party Identification

One last question to make sure we have a balanced sample.

57. Generally speaking, do you think of yourself as a Republican, a Democrat, an independent, or something else?

Republican 1

Democrat 2

Independent 3

Other 4

Not sure 5

58. [IF INDEPENDENT, OTHER, OR NOT SURE] Do you think of yourself as closer to the Republican or the Democratic Party?

Republican 1

Democrat 2

Neither 3

Not sure 4

59. Is there anything else you would like to add about this topic?

[OPEN END] 1

[CLOSE] Those are all the questions. We appreciate your feedback and hope you enjoyed sharing your perspective. Thank you!

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