QID Pesticide and Fertilizer Survey - Crop Year 2025 - Wheat

MINNESOTA ANNUAL PESTICIDE AND FERTILIZER SURVEY
COPY FOR CROP YEAR 2025
SURVEY COLLECTED SPRING OF 2026
Wheat and Soybean – Updated 8/18/2025

OMB No.0535-0273
Approval Expires:
Project Code: 778 QID: 163695
SMetaKey: 3695

United States
Department of
Agriculture
NATIONAL
AGRICULTURAL
STATISTICS
SERVICE

MINNESOTA
DEPARTMENT OF
AGRICULTURE

Please make corrections to name, address and ZIP Code, if necessary.

USDA/NASS - MN
210 Walnut St., #833
Des Moines, IA 50309
Phone: 1-800-772-0825
FAX: 1-855-271-9802
e-mail: [email protected]

The information you provide will be used for statistical purposes only. Your responses will be kept confidential and any person who willfully discloses ANY
identifiable information about you or your operation is subject to a jail term, a fine, or both. This survey is conducted in accordance with the Confidential
Information Protection and Statistical Efficiency Act of 2018, Title III of Pub. L. No. 115-435, codified in 44 U.S.C. Ch. 35 and other applicable Federal laws.
For more information on how we protect your information please visit: https://www.nass.usda.gov/confidentiality. Response is voluntary.
According to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, an agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of
information unless it displays a valid OMB control number. The valid OMB number is 0535-0273. The time required to complete this information collection is
estimated to average 35 minutes per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the
data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information.
The Minnesota Department of Agriculture, in cooperation with the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), will conduct periodic surveys of major
crop producers that collect information on pesticide and fertilizer use and pesticide use rates. Survey respondents are randomly selected, and the reported
results are based on advanced standardized statistical analyses conducted by NASS nationwide. Your response is necessary to help provide the best
statistics possible. If there are any questions, contact the Minnesota Department of Agriculture at (651) 201-6336.

1. Did this operation plant any [[WHEAT]] or [[SOYBEAN]] in 2025?
1

Yes - Continue

3

No – Go to Conclusion

Section 2 – 2025 [Wheat] Crop Acres
2. How many acres of [Wheat] were planted for the 2025 crop year?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Acres
xxx

[If [Wheat] acres greater than zero, then continue, otherwise go to Section 3.]

Acres

3. How many acres of [Wheat] were treated with herbicides (week killer)?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.

xxx

4. How many acres of [Wheat] were treated with insecticides? (Exclude seed treatments). . . . . . . . . . . .
.

xxx

5. How many acres of [Wheat] were treated with fungicides? (Exclude seed treatments). . . . . . . . . . . . .
.

xxxx

Section 3 – 2025 [[Soybean]] Crop Acres
6. How many acres of [[Soybean]] were planted for the 2025 crop year?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Acres
xxx

-2-

[If [[Soybean]] acres are greater than zero then continue, otherwise go to Section 4.]
7. How many acres of [[Soybean]] were treated with herbicides (week killer)?. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .
8. How many acres of [[Soybean]] were treated with insecticides? (Exclude seed treatments). . . . . . .
9. How many acres of [[Soybean]] were treated with fungicides? (Exclude seed treatments). . . . . . . .

Acres
xxx
xxx
xxxx

-3-

Section 4
INSTRUCTION: The next questions will ask about USAGE OF INDIVIDUAL HERBICIDES, INSECTICIDES AND
FUNGICIDES ON 2025 CROPS.
Include applications in the fall of 2024 on crops for the 2025 harvest. Report the acres treated with each
individual chemical during 2025 by crop or land use. If pesticides were applied in combination, report
each separately. (Exclude seed treatments and inoculants.) Start with the fall and spring preplant
applications. Then move on to the in-season applications.
1. In the following table, please report all herbicides, insecticides and fungicides used on the 2025 [Wheat] crop.

What Herbicide, Insecticide or
Fungicide was applied to the
2025 [Wheat] Crop?

Product
Code

Name

Code

How many
acres of
[Wheat] were
treated with this
Product?

How many
applications of
Product were
made for the 2025
[Wheat] crop? (If
product was
applied multiple
times in a season,
record each
application and its
rate on separate
lines).

At what rate
was the
product
applied

1 – Pounds
12 – Gallons
13 – Quarts
14 – Pints
15 – Ounces
30 – Grams

Acres

Number

Rate

Code

Was that rate:

-4-

Section 5

INSTRUCTIONS: If Section 3 ([[Soybean]] crop acres), items 2, 3 or 4 are greater than zero, complete.
Otherwise go to Section 6.

1. In the following table, please report all herbicides, insecticides and fungicides used on the 2025 [[Soybean]] crop.

What Herbicide, Insecticide or
Fungicide was applied to the
2025 [[Soybean]] Crop?

Product
Code

How many
acres of
[[Soybeans]]
were treated
with this
Product?

How many
applications of
Product were
made for the 2025
[[Soybean]] crop?
(If product was
applied multiple
times in a season,
record each
application and its
rate on separate
lines).

Name

Code

Acres

Number

Was that rate:
At what rate
was the
product
applied?

1 – Pounds
13 – Quarts
14 – Pints
15 – Ounces

Rate

Code

-5-

[If Herbicide, Insecticide or Fungicide type or quantity is unknown] May we call your dealer, co-op or applicator about the
chemicals applied to your operation? Yes__ No__
If Yes,

What is the name of the company? __________________________________
Who should we contact for this follow up information? _____________________________
Who should we contact at that company? __________________________________

-6-

Section 6 – [Wheat] Fertilizer Management
I will now ask you about your fertilizer inputs on [Wheat] acres.
Did all your [Wheat] fields receive manure for the [2025] crop year?
1. Yes, all my [Wheat] fields received manure. Go to Section 7.
2. No, I have at least 1 [Wheat] field with no manure applied. - Continue
First on a [Wheat] field with no manure or compost applied in the fall of [2024] and no manure or compost applied
anytime during the 2025 crop year.
Think about your largest [Wheat] field that you planted in 2025 without any manure.
All following questions will be in relation to that specific field.
A1. How many acres were in this field in 2025? ______________
A2. Was this field irrigated? Yes No
A3. What was the crop grown on this field in 2024 before the 2025 [Wheat] crop? (Not including cover crop)
1 Soybeans
2 corn
3 alfalfa (any alfalfa mix)
4 small grains (oat, wheat, rye, barley)
99 other
A4. If Wheat [A3 (2)] What was the crop harvested from this field in the 2023 season, before the last two crops?
1 Soybeans
2 corn
3 alfalfa (any alfalfa mix)
4 small grains (oat, wheat rye, barley)
99 other
A5. What was the yield goal when planting this field in 2025? __________ bushels per acre.
A6. What was the average yield of this field over the past three [Wheat] crops? (or estimate if unknown) _____
A7. Was any commercial fertilizer applied to this [Wheat] field for the 2025 [Wheat] crop? Yes No
IF no go to Section 7.
A8. Was any commercial fertilizer applied with a variable rate or more than one rate such as by management zone or
grid on this [Wheat] field? Yes No
If yes, please use a field average for all the fertilizer rate questions.
A9. What was the total units (actual pounds) of nitrogen per acre applied to this field from all sources and all
applications? _____
A9. What type of fertilizer was used to supply the majority of the nitrogen applied to this field?
10 Anhydrous Ammonia
11 Urea (urea and coated urea such as ESN or Super U)
12 Liquid N (such as 28% or 32%)
13 Other
99 Unknown
A10. Did you use a nitrogen inhibitor or stabilizer on this field? Yes No DK

-7-

A11. If A10=Yes, then What type of nitrogen inhibitor or stabilizer did you use?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

N-Serve
Instinct
Centuro
ESN
Other

I will now ask you for all your commercial fertilizer applications made to this field for the 2025 crop year, again including
any 2024 fall applications of commercial fertilizer. Each individual application will be recorded separately, preferably as
units per acre.
This will include all fall applications in 2024 and all 2025 applications including pre-plant applications, starter/planter
applications and post plant applications.
[Wheat] Field

[If Fertilizer or Nutrient type or quantity is unknown] May we call your dealer, co-op or applicator to about the fertilizers
and nutrients applied to your operation? Yes__ No__
If Yes,

What is the name of the company? __________________________________
Who should we contact at that company? __________________________________

Section 7: [Wheat] Manure Management
[Wheat] Field with manure applied.
M1 Now I will ask about a [Wheat] field that was applied with manure for the 2025 growing season.
(1) Press Enter to continue
M2 How many of your 2025 [Wheat] acres received manure? _____________ acres
[If 0, Skip to Section 8]
Think about your largest [Wheat] field you planted in 2025 with manure applied for the 2025 growing season, including
the fall of 2024]. I will ask you questions about that specific field. All questions should be in relation to that field.

-8-

(1) Continue : Press Enter to continue
M5 How many acres are in the field? ________________
M3 What was the crop planted on this field in 2024?
(1) Soybeans
(2) Corn
(3) Alfalfa (any alfalfa mix)
(4) Small Grains (oats, wheat, rye, barley)
(99) Other ________________
M4 Was alfalfa the previous crop grown in 2023 before the 2024 [Wheat] crop you previously mentioned?
(1) YES
(3) NO
What was the yield goal when planting this field in 2024? __________ bushels per acre.
M6 What was the average yield of this field over the last 3 [Wheat] crops? (or estimate if unknown) ____________
M7 Did the whole [Wheat] field receive manure?
(1) YES
(3) NO
M8 What is the main source of manure used on the field?
(1) Dairy
(2) Beef
(3) Hog
(4) Poultry
(5) Other (goat, sheep, horse, etc.)
(99) Don't Know
M9 Was the manure applied solid or liquid? Enumerator Note – If farmer reports both solid and liquid, probe by asking
“Is the majority of manure applied as a liquid or solid?”
(1) Solid
(2) Liquid
If Solid, what was the rate applied in tons per acre? _______________
If Liquid, what was the rate applied in gallons per acre? _______________
What wat the date manure application began? ____________________
M13 Did you use a nitrogen inhibitor or nitrogen stabilizer on this field?
(1) YES
(3) NO
If M13 = Yes, then Did you use Instinct in your manure?

a. Yes
b. No
c. Do not know
M14 What is the total amount of 1st year available Nitrogen applied from the manure as units? (Actual pounds of
nitrogen per acre). _________________
M20 Was this manure from your own farm operation?

-9-

(1) YES
(3) NO
M21 When was the last time the manure was tested for nutrient content?
(1) This year (include 2024 fall applications for the 2025 crop year)
(2) Last 3 years
(3) Over 3 years ago
(4) Don't Test
M18 Did you also apply commercial fertilizers to this field for the 2025 crop year?
(1) YES
(3) NO
M19 What were the total units of Nitrogen applied per acre to this field from commercial fertilizers for 2025 crop year,
including all sources? Don’t’ forget the starter may include Nitrogen as well as phosphorus or sulfur sources.
_______________________________
Section 8 – [[Soybean]] Fertilizer Management
I will now ask you about your fertilizer inputs on [Soybean] acres.
Did all your [Soybean] fields receive manure for the 2025 crop year?
1. Yes, all my [Soybean] fields received manure. Go to Section 9.
2. No, I have at least 1 [Soybean] field with no manure applied.
First on a [Soybean] field with no manure or compost applied in the fall of 2024 and no manure or compost applied
anytime during the 2025 crop year.
Think about your largest [Soybean] field that you planted in 2025 without any manure.
All following questions will be in relation to that field.
A1. How many acres were in the largest field planted to soybeans without manure in 2025? _____
A2. Was this field irrigated? Yes No
A3. What was the crop grown on this field in 2024 before the 2025 [Soybean] crop? (Not including cover crop)
1 Soybeans
2 corn
3 alfalfa (any alfalfa mix)
4 small grains (oat, wheat, rye, barley)
99 other
A4. What was the yield goal when planting this field in 2025? __________ bushels per acre.
A6. What was the average [Soybean] yield of this field over the past three [Soybean] crops? (or estimate if unknown)
_____
A7. Was any commercial fertilizer applied to this [Soybean] field for the 2025 [Soybean] crop? Yes No
IF no go to Section 9.
A8. Was any commercial fertilizer applied with a variable rate or more than one rate such as by management zone or
grid on this [Soybean] field? Yes No
If yes, please use a field average for all the fertilizer rate questions.
A9. What was the total units (actual pounds) per acre of nitrogen applied to this field from all sources and all applications
on this field? _____

- 10 -

A9. What type of fertilizer was used to supply the majority of the nitrogen applied to this field?
10 Anhydrous Ammonia
11 Urea (urea and coated urea such as ESN or Super U)
12 Liquid N (such as 28% or 32%)
13 Other
99 Unknown
A10. Did you use a nitrogen inhibitor or stabilizer on this field? Yes No DK
A11. [IF yes to A10] What type of nitrogen inhibitor or stabilizer did you use?
1. N-Serve
2. Instinct
3. Centuro
4. ESN
5. Other

I will now ask you for all your commercial fertilizer applications made this this field for the 2025 crop year, again
including any 2024 fall applications of commercial fertilizer. Each individual application will be recorded separately,
preferably as units per acre.
This will include all fall applications in 2024 and all 2025 applications including pre-plant applications, starter/planter
applications and post plant applications.

[Soybean] Field

[If Fertilizer or Nutrient type or quantity is unknown] May we call your dealer, co-op or applicator about the fertilizer and
nutrients applied to you operation? Yes__ No__
If Yes,

What is the name of the company? __________________________________
Who should we contact at the company? __________________________________

Section 9: [Soybean] Manure Management
[Soybean] Field with manure applied.

- 11 -

M1 Now I will ask about a [Soybean] field that was applied with manure for the 2025 growing season.
(1) Press Enter to continue
M2 How many of your 2025 [Soybean] acres received manure? _____________ acres
[If 0, Skip to Section 10]
Think about your largest [Soybean] field you planted in 2025 with manure applied for the 2025 growing season, including
the fall of 2024. I will ask you questions about that specific field. All questions should be in relation to that field.
(1) Continue : Press Enter to continue
M5 How many acres are in your largest soybean field applied with manure? ________________
M3 What was the crop planted on this field in 2024?
(1) Soybeans
(2) Corn
(3) Alfalfa (any alfalfa mix)
(4) Small Grains (oats, wheat, rye, barley)
(99) Other ________________
M5. What was the yield goal when planting this field in 2025? __________ bushels per acre.
M6 What was the average yield of this field over the last 3 [Soybean] crops? (estimate if unknown)______________
M7 Did the whole [Soybean] field receive manure?
(1) YES
(3) NO
M8 What is the main source of manure used on the field?
(1) Dairy
(2) Beef
(3) Hog
(4) Poultry
(5) Other (goat, sheep, horse, etc.)
(99) Don't Know
M9 Was the manure applied solid or liquid? Enumerator Note – If farmer reports both solid and liquid, probe by asking
“Is
the majority of manure applied as a liquid or solid?”
(1) Solid
(2) Liquid
If Solid, what was the rate applied in tons per acre? _______________
If Liquid, what was the rate applied in gallons per acre? _______________
What was the date manure application began on your largest soybean field? ____________________
M13 Did you use a nitrogen inhibitor or nitrogen stabilizer on this field?
(1) YES
(3) NO

- 12 -

[IF yes to A10] What type of nitrogen inhibitor or stabilizer did you use?
1. N-Serve
2. Instinct
3. Centuro
4. ESN
5. Other

M14 What is the total amount of 1st year available Nitrogen applied from the manure as units? (actual pounds of nitrogen
per acre). _________________
M20 Was this manure from your own farm operation?
(1) YES
(3) NO
M21 When was the last time you manure was tested for nutrient content?
(1) This year (include 2024 fall applications for the 2025 crop year)
(2) Last 3 years
(3) Over 3 years ago
(4) Don't Test
M18 Did you also apply commercial fertilizers to this field for the 2025 crop year?
(1) YES
(3) NO
M19 What were the total units of Nitrogen applied per acre to this field from commercial fertilizers for 2025 crop year,
including all sources? Don’t’ forget the starter may include Nitrogen as well as phosphorus or sulfur sources.
_______________________________

Section 10: Soil Sampling and Cover Crops – [All Survey Respondents]
What type of soil sampling did you do in the last 5 years on your farm? [Select all that apply]
1) Traditional
2) Grid
3) Zone
4) In-season Nitrate test
5) No soil sampling done
[if 4 was selected as an option in question above]
What soil nitrate test did you do use in 2025 or the fall of 2024? (select all that apply)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Fall of 2024 nitrate 24-inch-deep test, specifically for nitrate for the following 2024 wheat crop
Spring nitrate 24-inch-deep test, specifically for nitrate for the 2024 wheat crop
Pre sidedress soil test specifically for nitrate for the 2025 wheat crop
Other
Don’t know

Did you tissue test on Wheat or soybeans?
Yes
No

- 13 -

How many of your 2025 Wheat acres were planted following a cover crop? ___________
How many of your 2025 Soybean acres were planted following a cover crop? ________________

Section 11: Treated Seed Question [new questions 1-5]
1) What percent of your (soybean) acres are planted with treated seeds?
2) [If >0 percent], Which seed treatments were included (choose all that apply)?
a) Insecticide
b) Fungicide
c) Other
d) Unsure
3) [If 2A selected above], why seed treatment include an insecticide (choose all that apply)?
b) For known soil insect problems
c) For possible soil insect problems
d) For possible above-ground insect problems
e) It was a part a treated seed package and I had no choice
f) It was required to get a replant guarantee
g) Unsure
Section 12: Pesticide Application method
If any pesticides applied to soybean acres
4) How were your pesticide applications made to your (soybean) crop (choose all that apply)?
a) Ground application
b) Manned aerial application
c) Unmanned aerial application (drone)
d) Chemigation
e) Other
If any pesticides applied to soybean acres
5) How do you decide when to make a pesticide application (choose all that apply)?
a) Follow an Integrated Pest Management plan including thresholds
b) Follow a calendar-based schedule for pesticide applications
c) Follow advice from dealer
d) Follow advice from crop consultant
e) Adopt practices used by other farmers
Section 13: Soybean Insecticide Questions [moved from above]
If Section 13, Q8> 0, then ask questions 1-10 in Section 13, else skip

You reported insecticides were applied to your soybean crop. The next questions will ask about those
insecticide applications.
1. Where do you get your information when deciding which insecticide product to use (list all that
apply)?
a. My Dealer/Coop/industry representative
b. Independent consultant
c. University extension
d. Other farmers
e. Internet
f. Other

2.

How was the insecticide applied to your 2025 soybean crop (choose all that apply)?
a. Farmer- ground application
b. Farmer- aerial application

- 14 -

c. Dealer- ground application
d. Dealer- aerial application
e. Other
3. Which insects were you targeting? (choose all that apply)
a. Soybean aphid,
b. Spider mites,
c. Others
d. Do not know
[If 4a=soybean aphid then ask questions 5,6,7,8, otherwise move to question 9]
4. Who scouted your soybean fields for aphids? (choose all that apply)
a. Farmer
b. Dealer
c. Crop consultant
d. Other than the above
e. Did not scout
f. Do not know
5. What threshold (aphids per plant) did you use for applying the insecticide for soybean aphid
(select one)?
a. Did not use thresholds
b. 1-30,
c. 31-50,
d. 51-100,
e. 101-150,
f. 151-200,
g. 201-250
h. Over 250
i. Do not know
6. Were records kept for soybean aphid thresholds?
a. Yes, for all fields
b. Yes, for some fields
c. No
d. Do not know
7. What factors other than thresholds did you consider to make insecticide application for
soybean aphid (choose all that apply)?
a. Did not consider anything other than thresholds
b. Followed an Integrated Pest Management plan
c. Followed a calendar schedule
d. Followed advice from dealer
e. Followed advice from crop consultant
f. Followed other farmers
8. What factors other than cost and effectiveness were considered important when choosing an
insecticide product (choose all that apply)?
a. Safety to the applicator
b. Safety to insect predators
c. Setbacks from water
d. Label language regarding bees
e. Weather
f. Aphid resistance
g. None
9. Were there any bee hives within 3 miles of any soybean field when insecticide was applied?
a. Yes
b. No
c. Do not know

- 15 -

10. What setbacks from water, if any, were used?
a. No setbacks
b. Setbacks listed on the label
c. Label did not require setbacks from water
d. No water around the field
e. Do not know
11. What percentage of your soybean seeds were treated with insecticide (for all soybean acres)?
(This question is placed at the end to avoid confusion with other insecticide application
questions)
a. None
b. 1-25
c. 26-50
d. 51-75
e. 76-99
f. 100
g. Do not know

Survey Results: To receive the complete results of this survey when it is released, go to
http://www.mda.state.mn.us/chemicals/pesticides/pesticideuse.aspx and
http://www.mda.state.mn.us/en/protecting/cleanwaterfund/gwdwprotection/nutrientmgmtsurvey.aspx

Respondent Name: ________________________________________

9911

9910

MM

Phone: _____________________

Date:

__ __

DD

YY

__ __

__ __

This completes the survey. Thank you for your help.
Response
1-Comp
2-R
3-Inac
4-Office Hold
5-R – Est
6-Inac – Est
7-Off Hold – Est

S/E Name

Respondent
9901

1-Op/Mgr.
2-Sp
3-Acct/Bkpr
4-Partner
9-Oth

9902

Mode
1-Mail
2-Tel
3-Face-to-Face
4-CATI
5-Web
6-e-mail
7-Fax
8-CAPI
19-Other

Enum.
9903

9998

Eval.
9900

Change
9985

Office Use for POID
9989
__ __ __ - __ __ __ - __ __ __
Optional Use
9907

9908

9906

9916