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Table 8. Distributions of doctoral students across key demographics by in the original NSC data, the new NSC data, and the 2021
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| File Title | Table 8. Distributions of doctoral students across key demographics by in the original NSC data, the new NSC data, and the 2021 |
| Author | Christina Davis |
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Appendix 1. DATA DEFINITIONS Graduate Students and Degree Level* Graduate Student Doctoral Student Master's Student Other or Unknown Degree Level Academic Year (Cohort)| Definition* 2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022 Definition for Citizenship/Race/Ethnicity** “A” Nonresident Alien "AN” Asian “B” Black, Non-Hispanic “IA” American Indian/Alaskan Native “H” Hispanic “HP” Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander "NP" Asian or Pacific Islander “W” White, Non-Hispanic “TM” Two or More Race/Ethnicity Categories “U” Race/Ethnicity Unknown Definition for Gender*** "F" "M" Blank GSS Eligible Institutions GSS Institutions Non-GSS Institutions Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) GSS Field Definitions Broad Field of Study Field of Study Notes: Red text highlights revisions from prior NSC data request * This analysis includes all graduate students who were enrolled in the 2021-2022 academic year (AY)| and who first enrolled in their graduate program on or after 8/15/2 enrolled in a doctoral program in chemistry on January 1, 2020 would be classified as a doctoral student in the AY 2019-20 cohort. ** The race/ethnicity values above are based on the data reported to the Clearinghouse and generally follow *** Imputation of Values for Gender - The Clearinghouse’s coverage of student gender has increased dramatically for enrollments occurring in recent years. However, im research studies using older cohorts. To meet this need, the Research Center developed an imputation process based on first names. Previously submitted name‐gende being associated with either gender. To increase the accuracy of the imputation process, the Research Center also draws on name‐gender data from the Social Security ****In the tables "*" indicates cells with student counts fewer than or equal to 5. In each of the tables, field codes with student counts <10 may be excluded from the field groups. S Anyone enrolled in a graduate program (Primary Program Credential Level value in 04 - 99) All graduate students enrolled in a doctoral program (Program # Credential Level value equal 06) All graduate students enrolled in a master's program (Program # Credential Level value equal 05) All other graduate students (Primary Program Credential Level value in 04, 07, 08, or 99) Year 1 of this study: 8/15/2012 - 8/14/2013 Year 2 of this study: 8/15/2013 - 8/14/2014 Year 3 of this study: 8/15/2014 - 8/14/2015 Year 4 of this study: 8/15/2015 - 8/14/2016 Year 5 of this study: 8/15/2016 - 8/14/2017 Year 6 of this study: 8/15/2017 - 8/14/2018 Year 7 of this study: 8/15/2018 - 8/14/2019 Year 8 of this study: 8/15/2019 - 8/14/2020 Year 9 of this study: 8/15/2020 - 8/14/2021 Year 10 of this study: 8/15/2021 - 8/14/2022 A person who is not a U.S. citizen or national, is in this country on a visaor temporary basis, and does not have the right to remain indefinitely. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian Subcontinent, including, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam. A person having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa (except those of Hispanic origin)|. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of North America and who maintains cultural identification through tribal affiliation or community recognition. A person of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race. A person having origins in any of the originalpeoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, Indian Subcontinent, or the Pacific Islands. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, North Africa or the Middle East (except those of Hispanic origin)|. This category is for students who claim to belong to two or more of the race/ethnicity categories. The category used to report persons whose race and ethnicity are not known. Female Male Data Not Available See the GSS Eligible Institutions worksheet are listed by name and IPEDS UNITID in the GSS Eligible Institutions worksheet All other institutions https://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/cipcode/resources.aspx?y=56 See the CIP GSS Crosswalk worksheet see Broad Field Code and Broad Field Title columns in the CIP GSS Crosswalk see GSS Code and GSS Title columns in the CIP GSS Crosswalk SC data request ents who were enrolled in the 2021-2022 academic year (AY)| and who first enrolled in their graduate program on or after 8/15/2012. The earliest AY of enrollment defines the stude ry on January 1, 2020 would be classified as a doctoral student in the AY 2019-20 cohort. sed on the data reported to the Clearinghouse and generally follow the 2010-2011 IPEDS race/ethnicity definitions. Clearinghouse’s coverage of student gender has increased dramatically for enrollments occurring in recent years. However, imputation of gender for the majority of enrollment reco meet this need, the Research Center developed an imputation process based on first names. Previously submitted name‐gender pairs throughout the Clearinghouse database are u ncrease the accuracy of the imputation process, the Research Center also draws on name‐gender data from the Social Security Administration (SSA)| and the U.S. Census Bureau. udent counts fewer than or equal to 5. In each of the tables, field codes with student counts <10 may be excluded from the field level tables for de-identification purposes to prevent Code sets for variables considered for use in determining graduate student status Primary Program Credential Level: Class Credential Level: A = Associate's 01 = Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma C = Certificate (Undergraduate) 02 = Associate Degree F = Freshman (Undergraduate) 03 = Bachelor’s Degree S = Sophomore (Undergraduate) 04 = Post Baccalaureate Certificate J = Junior (Undergraduate) 05 = Master’s Degree R = Senior (Undergraduate) 06 = Doctoral Degree N = Unspecified (Undergraduate) 07 = First Professional Degree B = Bachelor's (Undergraduate) 08 = Graduate / Professional Certificate T = Post Baccalaureate Certificate 99 = Non-Credential Program M = Master’s (Graduate) D = Doctoral (Graduate) P = Postdoctorate (Graduate) L = First Professional (Graduate) G = Unspecified (Graduate/Professional) have the right to remain indefinitely. ntinent, including, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine ation through tribal affiliation or community recognition. regardless of race. , or the Pacific Islands. ose of Hispanic origin)|. ter 8/15/2012. The earliest AY of enrollment defines the student's cohort. For example, a student who first wever, imputation of gender for the majority of enrollment records is still necessary in order to use the data for me‐gender pairs throughout the Clearinghouse database are used to determine the probability of any first name Security Administration (SSA)| and the U.S. Census Bureau. m the field level tables for de-identification purposes to prevent identification of students broken into smaller Table 2. Comparison of primary program credential level and level of degree awarded data for fall 2022 enrollment records with level of degree data (Number) Level of Degree Awarded AD BD CR DP DR HR MD PC PD RN UC UN Total 1,250 8,375 20 113 492 0 2,515 176 3 14 889 19 13,866 1,242 4,067 23 15 17 0 505 27 23 14 3,722 24 9,679 18,074 10,310 72 29 37 0 971 58 77 64 7,989 25 37,706 34,241 134,607 94 46 34 2 1,121 113 163 142 9,673 268 180,504 29 1,227 4 52 20 0 542 386 0 3 176 11 2,450 4,214 124,789 275 1,123 1,124 6 151,907 2,447 20 247 3,553 326 290,031 573 40,763 73 1,121 13,850 2 56,743 985 6 127 1,499 180 115,922 529 29,777 69 8,106 906 0 2,778 208 5 74 701 199 43,352 110 3,441 106 124 139 0 2,588 1,126 2 18 550 12 8,216 562 5,034 393 38 47 0 1,491 188 1 10 495 17 8,276 60,824 362,390 1,129 10,767 16,666 10 221,161 5,714 300 713 29,247 1,081 710,002 0.41112 0.70105 Primary Program Credential Level: Level of Degree Awarded: 01 = Undergraduate Certificate or Diploma AD = Associate’s Degree 02 = Associate Degree BD = Bachelor’s Degree 03 = Bachelor’s Degree CR = Credential 04 = Post Baccalaureate Certificate DP = Doctoral-Professional 05 = Master’s Degree DR = Doctoral-Research 06 = Doctoral Degree HR = Honors 07 = First Professional Degree MD = Master’s Degree 08 = Graduate / Professional Certificate NC = Not Classified 99 = Non-Credential Program (Preparatory PC = Post-Bachelor’s Certificate . = Missing PD = Postsecondary Diploma RN = Review Needed UC = Certificate UN = Undetermined Primary Program Credential Level . 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 99 Total Source: NSC custom request Table 3. Examples of GSS-ineligible degrees considered research doctorates by NSC CREDENTIAL_TITLE_REPORTED_TO_NSC CREDENTIAL_LEVEL_CODECREDENTIAL_LEVEL_DESC Examples of professional and clinical doctoral level degrees excluded from the GSS DOCTOR OF AUDIOLOGY DOCTOR OF DENTISTRY SUGERY DOCTOR OF EDUCATION DOCT PHYSICAL THERAPY DOCTOR OF NURING PRACTICE DOCTOR OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY DOCTOR OF OPTOMOTRY JURIS DOCTORATE MD/ MEDICINE PSY.D. IN CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR DR Doctoral-Research Doctoral-Research Doctoral-Research Doctoral-Research Doctoral-Research Doctoral-Research Doctoral-Research Doctoral-Research Doctoral-Research Doctoral-Research Examples of degrees coded as research doctorates in the NSC data that are not research doctorates AIR CONDITIONING,HEAT&REF DIPLOMA DR Doctoral-Research CHILD CARE WORKER DIPLOMA DR Doctoral-Research DECEMBER 17, 1971 DR Doctoral-Research DENTAL ASSISTING DIPLOMA DR Doctoral-Research DIPLOMA (POLICE ACADEMY) DR Doctoral-Research DIPLOMA AUTO BODY TECHNOLOGY DR Doctoral-Research ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY DR Doctoral-Research MS IN CONSTRUCTION SCI ADM DR Doctoral-Research POST DOCTORAL FELLOW-PDF DR Doctoral-Research POSTHUMOUS HONORARY DOCTORATE DR Doctoral-Research PRACTICAL NURSING DIPLOMA DR Doctoral-Research PRE-ASSOCIATES DEGREE NURSING DR Doctoral-Research PROFESSIONAL DOCTORATE DR Doctoral-Research WELDING DIPLOMA DR Doctoral-Research Source: https://nscresearchcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/CREDENTIALLookup_20240418.xlsx NSC Institutional Coverage Table 4. NSC coverage of GSS institutions, units, and counts (Number) Departments Doctoral Master's / Units students students Characteristic Institutions Postdocs NFRs 670 21,066 291,166 462,744 61,688 29,881 In both NSC & GSS 29 299 2,377 3,869 1,640 667 Not in NSC data 699 21,365 293,543 466,613 63,328 30,548 Total Percent of total 95.9 98.6 99.2 99.2 97.4 97.8 Percent missing 4.1 1.4 0.8 0.8 2.6 2.2 Note: NSC does not collect data on postdocs or nonfaculty researchers (NFRs), so there is no coverage of these data by the NSC. This lack of coverage is shown by the greyed-out text. Source(s): GSS 2021 & NSC custom request Appendix 2: 2021 GSS institutions not in the NSC data IPEDS Institution Name UNITID Air Force Institute of Technology 200697 American Museum of Natural History 458548 California University of Science and Medicine 496043 Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 999999 City of Hope, Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biologic 441238 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 436377 Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, The 486080 Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Fajardo 242680 Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Metro 242653 Inter American University of Puerto Rico, San German 242617 Keiser University, Fort Lauderdale 135081 Loma Linda University 117636 Naval Postgraduate School 119678 New England College of Optometry, The 167093 New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology 187967 Oklahoma State University, Center for Health Sciences 207315 Pacific States University 120838 Rockefeller University, The 195049 San Juan Bautista School of Medicine 430670 Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute 481535 Scripps Research Institute, The 999999 Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences 164137 United States Merchant Marine Academy 197027 Universidad Central del Caribe 243568 University of Massachusetts Medical School 166708 University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus 243203 Van Andel Institute 999999 Wesley College 131098 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 166610 Source(s): GSS 2021 & NSC custom request 2018 Grad Institution TOC_ Carnegie Depts / Master's code NSC notes only _state code units students Not in crosswalk Y OH 1 16 18 544 Not in crosswalk Y NY 2 -2 3 15 No enrollment data Y CA 2 -2 1 60 Not in crosswalk Y CA 2 -2 2 46 No enrollment data Y CA 2 26 2 0 Not in crosswalk Y NY 2 -2 6 0 Not in crosswalk Y NY 2 26 1 0 No enrollment data N PR 2 20 1 19 Last enrollment data from Spring 2016 (o N PR 2 17 8 306 No enrollment data N PR 2 17 6 95 No enrollment data N FL 2 17 4 195 Last enrollment data from Spring 2010 N CA 2 25 47 260 No enrollment data Y CA 1 18 27 1309 No enrollment data Y MA 2 26 1 19 No enrollment data N NM 1 20 18 202 No enrollment data Y OK 1 25 4 13 No enrollment data N CA 2 29 2 39 No enrollment data Y NY 2 16 8 16 No enrollment data N PR 2 25 1 38 Not in crosswalk Y CA 2 26 2 0 No enrollment data Y CA 2 -2 6 0 No enrollment data Y MD 1 -2 23 216 Last enrollment data from Fall 2002 N NY 1 22 1 18 Last enrollment data from Spring 2009 N PR 2 25 3 2 No enrollment data Y MA 1 25 43 9 No enrollment data N PR 1 25 41 445 Not in crosswalk Y MI 2 -2 14 1 No enrollment data N DE 2 22 1 2 Not in crosswalk Y MA 2 -2 5 0 Doctoral students Postdocs 130 0 18 34 0 0 43 115 96 187 54 145 12 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 189 0 237 20 64 10 0 1 112 3 95 2 0 0 268 211 0 0 31 67 308 379 145 36 0 0 20 2 341 249 163 13 43 60 0 0 0 106 NFRs 0 0 0 0 106 43 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 184 0 74 144 0 0 0 0 10 49 0 57 Table 5. Fall 2021 graduate enrollment by cohort, degree level, and GSS institution eligibility status (Number) Academic Year 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 Total All Graduate Students GSS Non-GSS Total Institutions Institutions 18 * * * 12,064 5,262 6,802 117,382 70,654 46,728 83,119 48,204 34,915 122,613 74,646 47,967 202,781 128,007 74,774 361,471 223,910 137,561 716,890 443,194 273,696 1,313,336 810,048 503,288 1,861,432 1,069,047 792,385 4,791,106 2,872,972 1,918,116 Source(s): NSC custom requests New NSC data Doctoral Students Master's Students GSS Non-GSS Total Institutions Institutions Total * * * 4,368 1,519 2,849 6,815 39,811 26,925 12,886 66,384 29,081 20,002 9,079 44,329 50,834 36,470 14,364 55,309 81,199 57,829 23,370 79,077 114,616 79,107 35,509 158,058 142,410 97,965 44,445 413,036 155,341 104,299 51,042 881,643 175,882 117,534 58,348 1,065,594 793,542 541,650 251,892 2,770,245 bility status C data Master's Students Other or Unknown Degree Level GSS Non-GSS GSS Non-GSS Institutions Institutions Total Institutions Institutions * * * * * 3,308 3,507 881 435 446 38,952 27,432 11,187 4,777 6,410 24,305 20,024 9,709 3,897 5,812 31,013 24,296 16,470 7,163 9,307 44,943 34,134 42,505 25,235 17,270 92,799 65,259 88,797 52,004 36,793 252,798 160,238 161,444 92,431 69,013 566,005 315,638 276,352 139,744 136,608 691,102 374,492 619,956 260,411 359,545 1,745,225 1,025,020 1,227,301 586,097 641,204 Previous NSC data Doctoral Students GSS Non-GSS Total Institutions Institutions 97,655 72,973 100,971 129,286 153,692 75,241 56,927 76,662 93,729 108,476 22,414 16,046 24,309 35,557 45,216 554,577 411,035 143,542 Table 6. AY 2021-22 graduate enrollment reported to NSC by GSS field and institutional eligibility, area of study, and de (Number) All Graduate Students Field All fields GSS eligible fields Science Engineering Health GSS ineligible fields Science and engineering related Health related Non-science, engineering, or health related Unknown fields (No CIP data available) % of enrollment in: GSS eligible fields GSS ineligible fields Unknown fields Source: NSC custom request Doctoral Students GSS Non-GSS Total Institutions Institutions 4,954,883 2,940,402 2,014,481 1,557,866 1,061,505 496,361 907,860 638,346 269,514 233,916 186,267 47,649 416,090 236,892 179,198 3,396,001 1,877,995 1,518,006 256,440 182,501 73,939 601,583 361,746 239,837 2,537,978 1,333,748 1,204,230 1,016 902 114 31.4 68.5 0.0 36.1 63.9 0.0 24.6 75.4 0.0 GSS Total Institutions 807,033 547,748 462,877 333,664 282,358 205,548 88,896 71,547 91,623 56,569 343,922 213,964 10,925 7,563 86,131 54,168 246,866 152,233 234 120 57.4 42.6 0.0 60.9 39.1 0.0 bility, area of study, and degree level octoral Students Master's Students Other or Unknown Degree Level Non-GSS GSS Non-GSS GSS Non-GSS Institutions Total Institutions Institutions Total Institutions Institutions 259,285 2,862,644 1,791,750 1,070,894 1,285,206 600,904 684,302 129,213 973,519 658,792 314,727 121,470 69,049 52,421 76,810 568,954 400,861 168,093 56,548 31,937 24,611 17,349 137,294 110,006 27,288 7,726 4,714 3,012 35,054 267,271 147,925 119,346 57,196 32,398 24,798 129,958 1,889,054 1,132,887 756,167 1,163,025 531,144 631,881 3,362 211,829 152,888 58,941 33,686 22,050 11,636 31,963 245,797 123,689 122,108 269,655 183,889 85,766 94,633 1,431,428 856,310 575,118 859,684 325,205 534,479 114 71 71 * 711 711 * 49.8 50.1 0.0 34.0 66.0 0.0 36.8 63.2 0.0 29.4 70.6 0.0 9.5 90.5 0.1 11.5 88.4 0.1 7.7 92.3 0.0 Table 7. Counts and distributions of doctoral and masters students in GSS institutions across GSS-eligible science, engineering (Number and percent) Doctoral GSS 2021 NSC Broad field Number Percent Number Percent All fields 293,543 100.0 333,664 100.0 Science 203,988 69.5 205,548 61.6 Agricultural and veterinary sciences 4,443 1.5 4,756 1.4 Biological and biomedical sciences 58,155 19.8 54,569 16.4 Computer and information sciences 19,531 6.7 19,718 5.9 Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences 6,770 2.3 6,505 1.9 Mathematics and statistics 13,619 4.6 12,955 3.9 Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies 3,774 1.3 3,518 1.1 Natural resources and conservation 3,910 1.3 4,066 1.2 Physical sciences 37,732 12.9 35,445 10.6 Psychology 21,447 7.3 30,934 9.3 Social sciences 34,607 11.8 33,082 9.9 72,924 24.8 71,547 21.4 Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 2,773 0.9 2,714 0.8 Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 8,867 3.0 8,091 2.4 Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 7,713 2.6 7,317 2.2 Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields 7,878 2.7 7,646 2.3 Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering 17,570 6.0 17,717 5.3 Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research 3,921 1.3 3,640 1.1 Mechanical engineering 11,540 3.9 11,276 3.4 Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 4,904 1.7 4,669 1.4 Engineering Other engineering 7,758 2.6 8,477 2.5 16,631 5.7 56,569 17.0 Clinical medicine 5,612 1.9 6,370 1.9 Other health 11,019 3.8 50,199 15.0 Health Note(s): Percentages may not add to total due to rounding. For more information on the mapping of GSS fields and codes, see GSS technical table A-17. Source(s): National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering, 2021; NSC custom GSS-eligible science, engineering, and health fields: 2021 Doctoral Master's Difference GSS 2021 NSC Difference Number Percent Percentage Point Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Percentage Point 40,121 13.7 0.0 466,613 100.0 658,792 100.0 192,179 41.2 0.0 1,560 0.8 -7.9 305,796 65.5 400,861 60.8 95,065 31.1 -4.7 313 7.0 -0.1 6,801 1.5 8,230 1.2 1,429 21.0 -0.3 -3,586 -6.2 -3.4 42,728 9.2 51,692 7.8 8,964 21.0 -1.4 187 1.0 -0.8 102,199 21.9 138,342 21.0 36,143 35.4 -0.9 -265 -3.9 -0.4 5,520 1.2 6,068 0.9 548 9.9 -0.3 -664 -4.9 -0.7 20,639 4.4 25,308 3.8 4,669 22.6 -0.6 -256 -6.8 -0.2 11,994 2.6 18,185 2.8 6,191 51.6 0.2 156 4.0 -0.1 10,012 2.1 13,029 2.0 3,017 30.1 -0.1 -2,287 -6.1 -2.3 6,409 1.4 8,982 1.4 2,573 40.1 0.0 9,487 44.2 2.0 51,878 11.1 72,527 11.0 20,649 39.8 -0.1 -1,525 -4.4 -1.9 47,616 10.2 58,498 8.9 10,882 22.9 -1.3 -1,377 -1.9 -3.4 95,126 20.4 110,006 16.7 14,880 15.6 -3.7 -59 -2.1 -0.1 5,065 1.1 6,014 0.9 949 18.7 -0.2 -776 -8.8 -0.6 5,192 1.1 6,322 1.0 1,130 21.8 -0.1 -396 -5.1 -0.4 2,983 0.6 3,886 0.6 903 30.3 0.0 -232 -2.9 -0.4 11,730 2.5 13,524 2.1 1,794 15.3 -0.4 147 0.8 -0.7 27,695 5.9 31,004 4.7 3,309 11.9 -1.2 -281 -7.2 -0.2 11,949 2.6 13,814 2.1 1,865 15.6 -0.5 -264 -2.3 -0.5 15,718 3.4 18,096 2.7 2,378 15.1 -0.7 -235 -4.8 -0.3 2,518 0.5 3,124 0.5 606 24.1 0.0 719 9.3 -0.1 12,276 2.6 14,222 2.2 1,946 15.9 -0.4 39,938 240.1 11.3 65,691 14.1 147,925 22.5 82,234 125.2 8.4 758 13.5 0.0 34,021 7.3 44,383 6.7 10,362 30.5 -0.6 39,180 355.6 11.2 31,670 6.8 103,542 15.7 71,872 226.9 8.9 see GSS technical table A-17. ce and Engineering, 2021; NSC custom request. Table 8. Distributions of doctoral students across key demographics by in the original NSC data, the new NSC data, and the 2021 GSS data (Number and percent) Original NSC data (5 cohorts) New NSC data (10 cohorts) GSS institutions All institutions GSS institutions GSS institutions and eligible fields GSS 2021 Difference % of % of % of % of % of % of Characteristics N total N total N total N total N total N total All doctorates 554,577 100.0 411,035 100.0 547,748 100.0 333,664 100.0 293,543 100.0 -40,121 0.0 Race/Ethnicity/Citizenship 549,444 99.1 406,053 98.8 547,748 100.0 333,578 100.0 293,543 100.0 -40,035 0.0 A = Nonresident Alien 33,818 6.1 32,259 7.8 41,904 7.7 33,543 10.1 115,601 39.4 82,058 29.3 H = Hispanic 32,682 5.9 23,514 5.7 37,703 6.9 20,301 6.1 20,493 7.0 192 0.9 IA = American Indian/Alaskan Native 2,128 0.4 1,389 0.3 2,291 0.4 1,030 0.3 749 0.3 -281 -0.1 Asian, Native Hawaiian, or Other Pacific Islander 40,525 7.3 25,257 6.1 47,468 8.7 31,332 9.4 19,791 6.7 -11,541 -2.6 AN = Asian 31,595 5.7 24,968 6.1 39,570 7.2 25,682 7.7 19,596 6.7 -6,086 -1.0 NP = Asian or Pacific Islander 8,389 1.5 n/a n/a 7,100 1.3 5,376 1.6 n/a n/a n/a n/a HP = Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 541 0.1 289 0.1 798 0.1 274 0.1 195 0.1 -79 0.0 B = Black, Non-Hispanic 43,155 7.8 23,151 5.6 40,435 7.4 15,427 4.6 12,173 4.1 -3,254 -0.5 TM = Two or More Race/Ethnicity Categories 14,284 2.6 11,198 2.7 17,971 3.3 11,388 3.4 7,170 2.4 -4,218 -1.0 W = White, Non-Hispanic 203,362 36.7 153,733 37.4 212,394 38.8 124,131 37.2 109,590 37.3 -14,541 0.1 U = Race/Ethnicity Unknown 60,405 10.9 135,552 33.0 147,582 26.9 96,426 28.9 7,976 2.7 -88,450 -26.2 "" = Missing 119,085 21.5 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a * suppressed 5,133 0.9 4,982 1.2 0 0.0 86 0.0 0 0.0 -86 0.0 Sex 541,534 97.6 398,399 96.9 547,748 100.0 333,664 100.0 293,543 100.0 -40,121 0.0 Female 286,065 51.6 194,579 47.3 281,061 51.3 152,019 45.6 133,122 45.4 -18,897 -0.2 Male 219,965 39.7 171,976 41.8 223,114 40.7 147,199 44.1 160,421 54.6 13,222 10.5 Unknown 35,504 6.4 31,844 7.7 43,573 8.0 34,446 10.3 0.0 -34,446 -10.3 * suppressed 13,043 2.4 12,636 3.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 Note: The NSC data include the race/ethnicity category NP which corresponds to the old Asian or Pacific Islander category. Because this was not documented in the original data request, these counts were combined with missing values and "U"s to form a single race/ethinicity unknown category. Because this category was split into AN-Asian and HP-Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander prior to 2010 and is no longer collected in the GSS, the Asian, Native Hawaiian, or Other Pacific Islander row was added in the above table to allow for more direct comparison. Source(s): National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering, 2021; NSC custom request. Appendix 4. Count of Graduate Students at GSS Institutions by Citizenship/Race/Ethnicity, Degree Level, and Gender All Graduate Students Citizenship/Race/Ethnicity All graduate students A = Nonresident Alien H = Hispanic IA = American Indian/Alaskan Native Asian/NHPI AN = Asian NP = Asian or Pacific Islander HP = Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander B = Black, Non-Hispanic TM = Two or More Race/Ethnicity Categories W = White, Non-Hispanic U = Race/Ethnicity Unknown Data not Total Female Male available Total 2,940,400 1,678,034 1,101,822 160,544 547,748 124,514 53,754 65,764 4,996 41,904 273,495 176,620 93,935 2,940 37,703 16,259 10,823 5,166 270 2,291 277,404 149,741 115,404 12,259 47,468 224,151 118,867 93,799 11,485 39,570 31,839 16,884 14,568 387 7,100 5,155 3,167 1,871 117 798 248,876 166,566 77,027 5,283 40,435 103,053 62,265 39,096 1,692 17,971 1,277,507 781,187 480,572 15,748 212,394 635,551 287,901 230,024 117,626 147,582 Doctoral Stud gree Level, and Gender Doctoral Students Master's Students Unknown Degree Leve Data not Data not Data not Female Male available Total Female Male available Total Female Male available 281,061 223,114 43,573 1,791,748 1,037,982 659,084 94,682 600,904 358,991 219,624 22,289 17,014 22,973 1,917 74,417 32,688 38,954 2,775 8,193 4,052 3,837 304 22,356 14,898 449 175,700 115,584 58,550 1,566 60,092 38,680 20,487 925 1,431 809 51 10,929 7,389 3,381 159 3,039 2,003 976 60 23,281 21,186 3,001 145,068 76,209 62,333 6,526 68,609 39,428 26,719 2,462 19,381 17,247 2,942 122,755 64,136 52,447 6,172 61,826 35,350 24,105 2,371 3,408 3,650 42 19,147 10,128 8,737 282 5,592 3348 2181 63 492 289 17 3,166 1,945 1,149 72 1,191 730 433 28 26,549 13,089 797 163,168 109,831 49,947 3,390 45,273 30,186 13,991 1,096 10,218 7,324 429 62,828 38,338 23,565 925 22,254 13,709 8,207 338 121,407 88,084 2,903 772,867 482,333 281,297 9,237 292,246 177,447 111,191 3,608 58,805 54,751 34,026 386,771 175,610 141,057 70,104 101,198 53,486 34,216 13,496 Appendix 3. Counts and distributions of doctoral and masters students in the GSS and NSC data across GSS-eligible science, engineerin (Number and percent) Doctoral GSS 2021 Percent female Percent Percent TVH Number Percent 45.4 39.4 333,664 100.0 49.4 34.5 205,548 61.6 1.5 55.7 45.9 4,756 1.4 1.3 54.8 47.2 4,222 1.3 Detailed field Number All detailed fields 293,543 100.0 203,988 69.5 4,443 3,906 Science Agricultural and veterinary sciences Agricultural sciences Veterinary biomedical and clinical sciences NSC 537 0.2 62.4 36.5 534 0.2 58,155 19.8 57.5 25.6 54,569 16.4 Biochemistry 4,828 1.6 52.3 27.3 4,376 1.3 Biology 7,400 2.5 57.4 27.8 7,288 2.2 Biomedical sciences 4,826 1.6 59.7 24.6 4,806 1.4 973 0.3 39.6 30.3 915 0.3 3,591 1.2 46.4 44.8 3,506 1.1 128 0.0 59.4 29.7 135 0.0 Botany and plant biology 1,269 0.4 53.2 31.5 1,333 0.4 Cell, cellular biology, and anatomical sciences 5,290 1.8 57.5 24.3 4,631 1.4 Ecology and population biology 2,790 1.0 59.1 20.0 2,670 0.8 Epidemiology 2,162 0.7 72.8 28.4 2,053 0.6 Genetics 2,449 0.8 58.9 23.1 2,314 0.7 Microbiological sciences and immunology 4,371 1.5 59.0 18.2 3,772 1.1 Molecular biology 1,265 0.4 56.4 26.2 1,133 0.3 Neurobiology and neuroscience 5,758 2.0 57.8 18.0 5,241 1.6 Nutrition science 993 0.3 77.7 31.9 1,003 0.3 Pathology and experimental pathology 849 0.3 60.7 23.7 874 0.3 Pharmacology and toxicology 2,374 0.8 59.9 22.7 2,165 0.6 Physiology 3,041 1.0 56.2 26.1 2,818 0.8 Zoology and animal biology 1,213 0.4 55.3 23.8 1,204 0.4 Biological and biomedical sciences nec 2,585 0.9 60.1 26.3 2,332 0.7 19,531 6.7 27.6 62.3 19,718 5.9 687 0.2 37.1 59.4 687 0.2 6,168 2.1 24.5 66.8 6,531 2.0 Biological and biomedical sciences Biophysics Biostatistics and bioinformatics Biotechnology Computer and information sciences Artificial intelligence, informatics, and computer and information science topics Computer and information sciences Computer and information systems security 342 0.1 24.0 14.9 482 0.1 Computer science 10,356 3.5 25.0 64.5 9,924 3.0 Information science and studies 1,351 0.5 51.8 43.7 1,501 0.4 467 0.2 43.5 56.3 467 0.1 160 0.1 36.9 33.1 126 0.0 6,770 2.3 49.5 30.3 6,505 1.9 902 0.3 40.9 35.5 880 0.3 4,337 1.5 47.7 31.9 4,161 1.2 Information technology Computer and information sciences nec Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences Atmospheric sciences and meteorology Geological and earth sciences 1,531 0.5 59.7 22.9 1,464 0.4 Mathematics and statistics Ocean and marine sciences 13,619 4.6 30.0 50.3 12,955 3.9 Applied mathematics 2,255 0.8 32.2 47.3 2,074 0.6 Mathematics 7,964 2.7 27.1 44.6 7,558 2.3 Statistics 3,400 1.2 35.4 65.4 3,323 1.0 3,774 1.3 54.1 30.8 3,518 1.1 Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies Biological and physical sciences 887 0.3 53.9 34.0 679 0.2 Computational science 347 0.1 30.3 45.8 296 0.1 Data science and data analytics 46 0.0 37.0 76.1 98 0.0 International and global studies 183 0.1 63.9 32.2 182 0.1 2,311 0.8 57.4 26.2 2,263 0.7 Natural resources and conservation 3,910 1.3 56.2 26.0 4,066 1.2 Environmental science and studies 1,956 0.7 60.0 25.6 2,073 0.6 Forestry, natural resources, and conservation 1,954 0.7 52.4 26.4 1,993 0.6 37,732 12.9 35.7 40.4 35,445 10.6 Astronomy and astrophysics 1,539 0.5 45.0 22.9 1,362 0.4 Chemistry 20,149 6.9 43.8 38.7 19,010 5.7 Materials sciences 1,002 0.3 34.4 47.4 1,168 0.4 Physics 14,501 4.9 23.6 43.6 13,447 4.0 541 0.2 37.9 51.6 458 0.1 Multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies nec Physical sciences Physical sciences nec Psychology 21,447 7.3 75.3 11.1 30,934 9.3 Applied psychology 4,910 1.7 77.1 10.1 6,178 1.9 Clinical psychology 3,389 1.2 79.3 4.5 8,648 2.6 Counseling psychology 1,461 0.5 77.7 7.0 3,743 1.1 Human development 797 0.3 82.4 17.8 794 0.2 Psychology, general 6,554 2.2 73.3 8.8 6,565 2.0 Research and experimental psychology 4,336 1.5 70.8 21.2 5,006 1.5 34,607 11.8 52.2 36.3 33,082 9.9 Social sciences Agricultural and natural resource economics 522 0.2 46.9 71.6 359 0.1 Anthropology 4,129 1.4 65.6 22.0 3,808 1.1 Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 2,326 0.8 66.1 22.3 2,702 0.8 Criminal justice and safety studies 1,227 0.4 54.4 5.1 1,299 0.4 308 0.1 67.5 12.0 352 0.1 Economics (except agricultural and natural resource) 8,266 2.8 36.4 65.3 8,167 2.4 Geography and cartography 1,729 0.6 54.2 38.1 1,567 0.5 474 0.2 50.8 34.6 527 0.2 Linguistics 1,652 0.6 59.0 43.9 1,645 0.5 Political science and government 5,332 1.8 44.6 32.7 5,037 1.5 Public policy analysis 2,740 0.9 52.7 23.2 2,322 0.7 Sociology and population studies 4,875 1.7 64.7 21.7 4,416 1.3 Urban studies and affairs 391 0.1 58.3 29.4 296 0.1 Social sciences, other 636 0.2 55.2 26.9 585 0.2 72,924 24.8 28.7 56.6 71,547 21.4 Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 2,773 0.9 20.1 39.7 2,714 0.8 Biological, biomedical, and biosystems engineering 8,867 3.0 45.2 33.8 8,091 2.4 Chemical, petroleum, and chemical-related engineering 7,713 2.6 33.4 52.6 7,317 2.2 7,115 2.4 34.4 50.1 6,768 2.0 598 0.2 21.7 82.9 549 0.2 7,878 2.7 35.1 67.3 7,646 2.3 6,760 2.3 33.1 69.2 6,608 2.0 1,118 0.4 47.7 55.9 1,038 0.3 17,570 6.0 20.7 69.7 17,717 5.3 Criminology International relations and national security studies Engineering Chemical engineering Petroleum engineering Civil, environmental, transportation and related engineering fields Civil engineering Architectural, environmental, construction and surveying engineering Electrical, electronics, communications and computer engineering Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering 14,767 5.0 20.6 69.7 15,053 4.5 2,803 1.0 21.3 69.9 2,664 0.8 3,921 1.3 32.2 61.8 3,640 1.1 Industrial and manufacturing engineering 2,322 0.8 34.5 70.0 2,050 0.6 Systems engineering and operations research 1,599 0.5 28.7 49.8 1,590 0.5 Mechanical engineering Metallurgical, mining, materials and related engineering fields 11,540 3.9 20.4 58.0 11,276 3.4 4,904 1.7 31.2 49.4 4,669 1.4 Other engineering 7,758 2.6 28.3 52.2 8,477 2.5 668 0.2 40.1 63.0 761 0.2 Engineering mechanics, physics, and science 1,457 0.5 26.3 52.6 1,597 0.5 Nuclear engineering 1,032 0.4 20.8 30.6 996 0.3 Computer engineering Industrial, manufacturing, systems engineering and operations research Agricultural engineering Engineering, other Health Clinical medicinea Medical clinical sciences and clinical and medical laboratory sciences Public health 4,601 1.6 28.8 55.4 5,123 1.5 16,631 5.7 69.4 23.6 56,569 17.0 5,612 1.9 71.7 19.4 6,370 1.9 677 0.2 66.6 13.1 980 0.3 4,935 1.7 72.4 20.2 5,390 1.6 11,019 3.8 68.2 25.8 50,199 15.0 Communication disorders sciences 792 0.3 81.8 17.9 3,610 1.1 Dental sciences 219 0.1 58.4 54.8 212 0.1 Kinesiology and exercise science 1,031 0.4 49.9 20.3 966 0.3 Nursing science 3,512 1.2 86.4 12.1 12,289 3.7 Pharmaceutical sciences 2,936 1.0 54.7 52.4 2,989 0.9 Other health nec 2,529 0.9 62.6 16.2 30,133 9.0 Other health nec = not elsewhere classified; TVH = temporary visa holder. Clinical medicine includes graduate students in public health and clinical medicine nec. Clinical medicine includes postdoctoral appointees and nonfaculty pediatrics, psychiatry, public health, pulmonary disease, radiological sciences, surgery, and clinical medicine nec. a Note(s): Percentages may not add to total because of rounding. For more information on the mapping of GSS fields and codes, see technical table A-17. Source(s): (GSS counts DTs 4-1, 4-2, 4-4b,Statistics, and 4-4c) National Center from for Science and Engineering Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering, 2021; NSC custom . ss GSS-eligible science, engineering, and health fields: 2021 Doctoral Master' NSC Percent female Difference Percentage Point GSS 2021 Percent female Percent Percent TVH Number Percent 45.6 10.1 40,121 13.7 0.0 0.2 -29.3 466,613 100.0 46.4 10.2 1,560 0.8 -7.9 -3.0 -24.3 305,796 65.5 49.3 12.8 313 7.0 -0.1 -6.4 -33.1 6,801 48.6 13.5 316 8.1 0.0 -6.2 -33.7 54.7 7.6 -3 -0.6 0.0 -7.7 52.7 8.1 -3,586 -6.2 -3.4 -4.8 47.8 7.3 -452 -9.4 -0.3 52.8 7.5 -112 -1.5 55.3 9.2 -20 36.5 10.4 -58 38.0 12.8 60.0 13.7 47.5 8.4 64 53.3 8.5 -659 55.0 5.5 -120 66.3 8.9 -109 53.9 8.0 55.0 7.1 51.0 NSC Percent TVH Number 51.4 43.9 658,792 53.0 42.1 400,861 1.5 63.1 26.9 8,230 5,790 1.2 60.6 26.2 7,246 -28.9 1,011 0.2 77.0 32.4 984 -17.6 42,728 9.2 66.2 10.1 51,692 -4.5 -20.0 1,005 0.2 57.2 4.6 1,254 -0.3 -4.6 -20.3 8,294 1.8 64.4 9.6 10,217 -0.4 -0.2 -4.4 -15.4 5,794 1.2 67.2 9.3 6,486 -6.0 0.0 -3.1 -19.9 6 0.0 16.7 0.0 18 -85 -2.4 -0.1 -8.4 -32.0 3,519 0.8 57.5 39.0 3,958 7 5.5 0.0 0.6 -15.9 3,395 0.7 61.0 516.4 4,659 5.0 0.0 -5.7 -23.1 363 0.1 59.0 5.8 493 -12.5 -0.4 -4.2 -15.7 1,210 0.3 62.0 3.2 1,488 -4.3 -0.2 -4.1 -14.5 1,201 0.3 64.4 3.2 1,244 -5.0 -0.1 -6.5 -19.5 3,623 0.8 74.4 30.5 4,674 -135 -5.5 -0.1 -5.0 -15.2 718 0.2 79.4 2.9 813 -599 -13.7 -0.4 -4.0 -11.1 2,011 0.4 68.9 4.3 2,276 9.3 -132 -10.4 -0.1 -5.4 -16.9 405 0.1 66.2 4.9 522 54.6 5.7 -517 -9.0 -0.4 -3.2 -12.3 591 0.1 62.9 0.9 727 71.5 13.2 10 1.0 0.0 -6.2 -18.7 2,871 0.6 87.6 28.1 3,567 55.4 7.8 25 2.9 0.0 -5.3 -15.8 100 0.0 76.0 3.2 147 54.3 6.8 -209 -8.8 -0.2 -5.6 -15.9 926 0.2 66.3 9.7 1,017 52.3 8.9 -223 -7.3 -0.2 -3.9 -17.2 2,898 0.6 58.5 9.3 3,569 49.3 9.3 -9 -0.7 0.0 -6.0 -14.5 927 0.2 58.7 7.1 977 54.6 5.2 -253 -9.8 -0.2 -5.5 -21.1 2,871 0.6 66.4 5.4 3,586 23.2 18.1 187 1.0 -0.8 -4.4 -44.2 102,199 21.9 32.6 269.5 138,342 33.9 13.2 0 0.0 0.0 -3.2 -46.2 4,504 1.0 35.9 321.3 6,237 20.3 22.2 363 5.9 -0.1 -4.2 -44.6 30,804 6.6 28.5 270.1 43,795 Overall Female TVH Number 24.3 * 140 40.9 0.0 0.3 -24.3 8,401 1.8 28.0 417.5 13,172 20.5 16.3 -432 -4.2 -0.5 -4.5 -48.2 30,361 6.5 28.1 198.2 37,466 44.1 17.5 150 11.1 -0.1 -7.7 -26.2 13,098 2.8 47.6 355.4 16,100 37.0 25.3 0 0.0 -0.1 -6.5 -31.0 7,527 1.6 41.4 831.9 11,057 31.7 26.5 -34 -21.3 -0.1 -5.2 -6.6 7,504 1.6 35.4 1951.9 10,515 45.1 8.6 -265 -3.9 -0.4 -4.4 -21.8 5,520 1.2 52.5 7.4 6,068 36.3 12.3 -22 -2.4 0.0 -4.7 -23.1 487 0.1 41.7 7.2 564 43.2 8.3 -176 -4.1 -0.3 -4.5 -23.6 3,534 0.8 47.7 8.0 3,851 56.1 7.0 -67 -4.4 -0.1 -3.6 -15.8 1,499 0.3 67.3 5.9 1,653 24.8 14.8 -664 -4.9 -0.7 -5.2 -35.4 20,639 4.4 41.3 74.1 25,308 28.0 13.4 -181 -8.0 -0.2 -4.2 -33.9 8,899 1.9 39.0 258.0 10,998 23.1 14.5 -406 -5.1 -0.4 -4.0 -30.1 4,164 0.9 41.5 10.5 5,386 26.7 16.3 -77 -2.3 -0.2 -8.7 -49.1 7,576 1.6 43.9 101.1 8,924 48.0 10.3 -256 -6.8 -0.2 -6.1 -20.4 11,994 2.6 54.8 86.5 18,185 48.6 5.2 -208 -23.4 -0.1 -5.3 -28.9 874 0.2 55.1 20.0 1,398 24.3 23.8 -51 -14.7 0.0 -6.0 -22.0 2,088 0.4 36.0 234.3 2,858 29.6 33.0 52 113.0 0.0 -7.4 -43.1 2,358 0.5 44.3 1367.4 4,543 57.7 14.8 -1 -0.5 0.0 -6.2 -17.4 1,267 0.3 57.1 83.6 1,528 51.0 9.0 -48 -2.1 -0.1 -6.4 -17.2 5,407 1.2 66.0 64.5 7,858 52.3 7.1 156 4.0 -0.1 -3.9 -18.9 10,012 2.1 62.4 23.5 13,029 55.5 6.4 117 6.0 -0.1 -4.5 -19.2 4,851 1.0 64.8 27.5 6,483 49.0 7.8 39 2.0 -0.1 -3.4 -18.6 5,161 1.1 60.1 19.4 6,546 31.4 12.8 -2,287 -6.1 -2.3 -4.3 -27.6 6,409 1.4 40.5 3.9 8,982 41.5 8.0 -177 -11.5 -0.1 -3.5 -14.8 85 0.0 41.2 0.7 183 38.2 12.8 -1,139 -5.7 -1.2 -5.6 -25.9 3,066 0.7 51.0 3.3 4,208 28.1 14.2 166 16.6 0.1 -6.3 -33.2 439 0.1 31.0 19.9 483 20.9 13.1 -1,054 -7.3 -0.9 -2.7 -30.6 2,278 0.5 23.9 3.8 3,653 36.0 10.3 -83 -15.3 -0.1 -1.9 -41.3 541 0.1 58.2 10.9 455 73.9 3.0 9,487 44.2 2.0 -1.4 -8.2 51,878 11.1 82.3 8.6 72,527 75.2 3.0 1,268 25.8 0.2 -1.9 -7.1 19,517 4.2 82.6 9.8 28,045 77.7 0.8 5,259 155.2 1.4 -1.6 -3.7 4,167 0.9 82.9 4.4 5,892 77.9 1.8 2,282 156.2 0.6 0.2 -5.3 16,965 3.6 83.2 16.8 23,284 77.5 9.3 -3 -0.4 -0.1 -4.9 -8.6 1,566 0.3 91.7 11.3 2,167 70.9 2.4 11 0.2 -0.2 -2.4 -6.4 7,329 1.6 77.4 8.2 9,725 66.5 7.3 670 15.5 0.0 -4.3 -13.9 2,334 0.5 81.8 7.7 3,414 47.8 11.6 -1,525 -4.4 -1.9 -4.4 -24.8 47,616 10.2 56.3 23.7 58,498 40.1 28.5 -163 -31.2 -0.1 -6.8 -43.2 672 0.1 46.6 42.7 495 60.5 5.8 -321 -7.8 -0.3 -5.1 -16.3 2,292 0.5 69.9 2.6 2,648 63.0 10.9 376 16.2 0.0 -3.1 -11.4 2,767 0.6 67.4 20.6 3,415 56.0 1.3 72 5.9 0.0 1.6 -3.8 5,602 1.2 64.7 7.8 6,955 63.9 5.5 44 14.3 0.0 -3.6 -6.5 1,272 0.3 71.4 32.5 1,838 31.1 20.2 -99 -1.2 -0.4 -5.3 -45.0 6,882 1.5 41.3 40.6 8,699 49.6 9.5 -162 -9.4 -0.1 -4.6 -28.6 3,147 0.7 45.9 22.0 3,613 43.3 10.0 53 11.2 0.0 -7.5 -24.6 8,308 1.8 50.9 226.2 11,240 51.7 11.2 -7 -0.4 -0.1 -7.3 -32.7 1,188 0.3 64.4 11.1 1,431 40.9 11.1 -295 -5.5 -0.3 -3.7 -21.7 3,270 0.7 46.5 6.5 4,071 50.7 6.6 -418 -15.3 -0.2 -2.0 -16.7 7,290 1.6 60.7 48.4 7,744 59.6 7.8 -459 -9.4 -0.4 -5.1 -13.9 2,331 0.5 70.7 3.3 2,954 48.0 * -95 -24.3 0.0 -10.3 -29.4 827 0.2 62.5 13.3 1,014 53.0 13.8 -51 -8.0 0.0 -2.2 -13.1 1,768 0.4 61.5 48.1 2,381 24.0 15.7 -1,377 -1.9 -3.4 -4.7 -40.9 95,126 20.4 27.0 52.2 110,006 17.2 10.8 -59 -2.1 -0.1 -2.9 -28.9 5,065 1.1 17.9 23.9 6,014 39.7 10.2 -776 -8.8 -0.6 -5.5 -23.6 5,192 1.1 48.7 17.0 6,322 28.5 16.5 -396 -5.1 -0.4 -4.9 -36.1 2,983 0.6 33.3 15.6 3,886 29.4 15.5 -347 -4.9 -0.4 -5.0 -34.6 2,555 0.5 35.7 13.6 3,402 17.5 29.4 -49 -8.2 0.0 -4.2 -53.5 428 0.1 18.9 39.1 484 29.0 16.7 -232 -2.9 -0.4 -6.1 -50.6 11,730 2.5 34.8 51.1 13,524 27.5 17.1 -152 -2.2 -0.3 -5.6 -52.1 9,352 2.0 32.5 47.2 10,552 38.4 14.2 -80 -7.2 -0.1 -9.3 -41.7 2,378 0.5 43.6 74.6 2,972 16.5 18.4 147 0.8 -0.7 -4.2 -51.4 27,695 5.9 24.0 87.8 31,004 16.3 17.5 286 1.9 -0.5 -4.3 -52.2 17,866 3.8 21.6 60.5 21,317 17.9 23.3 -139 -5.0 -0.2 -3.4 -46.6 9,829 2.1 28.5 231.8 9,687 27.1 19.4 -281 -7.2 -0.2 -5.1 -42.4 11,949 2.6 29.1 122.4 13,814 28.2 17.9 -272 -11.7 -0.2 -6.3 -52.1 5,284 1.1 26.5 127.0 6,401 25.8 21.4 -9 -0.6 0.0 -2.9 -28.4 6,665 1.4 31.2 115.8 7,413 17.4 16.8 -264 -2.3 -0.5 -3.0 -41.1 15,718 3.4 17.2 47.3 18,096 26.1 14.8 -235 -4.8 -0.3 -5.1 -34.6 2,518 0.5 32.8 17.9 3,124 24.6 12.8 719 9.3 -0.1 -3.7 -39.4 12,276 2.6 28.4 53.1 14,222 34.4 17.6 93 13.9 0.0 -5.7 -45.4 519 0.1 43.0 34.1 579 22.7 16.4 140 9.6 0.0 -3.6 -36.2 782 0.2 30.3 18.3 1,172 19.0 5.7 -36 -3.5 -0.1 -1.8 -24.9 484 0.1 18.4 7.8 521 24.8 12.4 522 11.3 -0.1 -4.0 -43.0 10,491 2.2 28.0 77.0 11,950 69.7 2.5 39,938 240.1 11.3 0.3 -21.2 65,691 14.1 79.0 29.5 147,925 66.9 5.5 758 13.5 0.0 -4.8 -13.8 34,021 7.3 77.2 49.5 44,383 62.2 2.0 303 44.8 0.1 -4.4 -11.2 1,287 0.3 61.9 21.3 2,993 67.7 6.2 455 9.2 -0.1 -4.7 -14.1 32,734 7.0 77.8 53.4 41,390 70.0 2.1 39,180 355.6 11.2 1.8 -23.7 31,670 6.8 80.9 19.4 103,542 85.5 1.6 2,818 355.8 0.8 3.7 -16.3 17,406 3.7 95.6 27.0 20,642 51.9 16.5 -7 -3.2 0.0 -6.5 -38.3 1,500 0.3 53.6 135.6 1,745 46.8 5.8 -65 -6.3 -0.1 -3.1 -14.4 4,962 1.1 51.7 36.0 5,888 79.3 1.5 8,777 249.9 2.5 -7.1 -10.5 1,662 0.4 88.3 0.7 51,120 48.3 12.5 53 1.8 -0.1 -6.4 -39.9 1,939 0.4 66.3 20.9 3,733 67.4 1.1 27,604 1,091.5 8.1 4.8 -15.1 4,201 0.9 68.2 24.2 20,414 s postdoctoral appointees and nonfaculty researchers in anesthesiology, cardiology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, hematology, neurology, obstetrics and gynecology, on des, see technical table A-17. ce and Engineering, 2021; NSC custom request. Master's NSC Percent female Percent Difference Percentage Point Percent TVH Number Percent Overall Female TVH 100.0 51.7 6.6 192,179 41.2 0.0 0.3 -37.3 60.8 49.0 7.7 95,065 31.1 -4.7 -4.0 -34.4 1.2 60.3 4.9 1,429 21.0 -0.3 -2.8 -22.0 1.1 58.1 5.2 1,456 25.1 -0.1 -2.5 -21.0 0.1 76.4 2.7 -27 -2.7 -0.1 -0.6 -29.7 7.8 62.6 3.9 8,964 21.0 -1.4 -3.6 -6.1 0.2 53.3 4.8 249 24.8 0.0 -3.9 0.2 1.6 62.3 2.7 1,923 23.2 -0.2 -2.1 -6.8 1.0 67.2 2.3 692 11.9 -0.2 0.0 -7.1 0.0 * * 12 200.0 0.0 -16.7 0.0 0.6 47.6 12.0 439 12.5 -0.2 -9.9 -27.0 0.7 56.7 3.9 1,264 37.2 0.0 -4.3 -512.5 0.1 49.9 6.0 130 35.8 0.0 -9.1 0.1 0.2 57.6 2.8 278 23.0 -0.1 -4.4 -0.4 0.2 62.8 1.1 43 3.6 -0.1 -1.6 -2.1 0.7 66.8 8.2 1,051 29.0 -0.1 -7.6 -22.3 0.1 72.8 2.5 95 13.2 -0.1 -6.6 -0.4 0.3 66.0 2.1 265 13.2 -0.1 -2.9 -2.3 0.1 59.0 3.3 117 28.9 0.0 -7.2 -1.6 0.1 59.8 1.4 136 23.0 0.0 -3.1 0.5 0.5 83.5 3.5 696 24.2 -0.1 -4.1 -24.6 0.0 69.4 * 47 47.0 0.0 -6.6 -3.2 0.2 61.8 4.7 91 9.8 0.0 -4.5 -5.0 0.5 55.2 2.4 671 23.2 -0.1 -3.3 -7.0 0.1 56.2 2.5 50 5.4 -0.1 -2.5 -4.6 0.5 66.0 1.2 715 24.9 -0.1 -0.4 -4.1 21.0 28.8 13.5 36,143 35.4 -0.9 -3.8 -256.0 0.9 35.6 10.3 1,733 38.5 -0.1 -0.3 -311.0 6.6 24.8 16.7 12,991 42.2 0.0 -3.7 -253.3 2.0 25.8 4.6 4,771 56.8 0.2 -2.2 -412.9 5.7 24.1 15.5 7,105 23.4 -0.8 -4.0 -182.7 2.4 41.8 8.7 3,002 22.9 -0.4 -5.8 -346.7 1.7 38.7 18.4 3,530 46.9 0.1 -2.7 -813.6 1.6 32.1 8.1 3,011 40.1 0.0 -3.3 -1943.8 0.9 51.0 3.1 548 9.9 -0.3 -1.5 -4.4 0.1 38.7 3.0 77 15.8 0.0 -3.0 -4.2 0.6 46.6 3.4 317 9.0 -0.2 -1.1 -4.6 0.3 65.5 2.4 154 10.3 0.0 -1.8 -3.6 3.8 33.3 15.8 4,669 22.6 -0.6 -8.0 -58.2 1.7 30.0 23.6 2,099 23.6 -0.2 -9.0 -234.4 0.8 38.7 5.3 1,222 29.3 -0.1 -2.8 -5.2 1.4 34.0 12.7 1,348 17.8 -0.2 -9.9 -88.4 2.8 48.7 6.2 6,191 51.6 0.2 -6.1 -80.2 0.2 58.2 2.2 524 60.0 0.0 3.1 -17.8 0.4 30.1 7.4 770 36.9 0.0 -5.9 -226.9 0.7 31.7 5.8 2,185 92.7 0.2 -12.6 -1361.6 0.2 54.6 2.0 261 20.6 -0.1 -2.5 -81.6 1.2 62.4 7.6 2,451 45.3 0.0 -3.6 -56.9 2.0 58.5 3.1 3,017 30.1 -0.1 -3.9 -20.3 1.0 60.5 4.4 1,632 33.6 0.0 -4.3 -23.0 1.0 56.6 1.9 1,385 26.8 -0.1 -3.5 -17.6 1.4 35.7 7.2 2,573 40.1 0.0 -4.8 3.3 0.0 43.7 * 98 115.3 0.0 2.5 -0.7 0.6 46.2 7.4 1,142 37.2 -0.1 -4.8 4.2 0.1 25.3 9.4 44 10.0 0.0 -5.7 -10.5 0.6 22.0 7.6 1,375 60.4 0.1 -1.9 3.9 0.1 56.7 2.7 -86 -15.9 0.0 -1.5 -8.2 11.0 79.8 1.2 20,649 39.8 -0.1 -2.5 -7.4 4.3 80.5 1.1 8,528 43.7 0.1 -2.1 -8.7 0.9 79.5 1.0 1,725 41.4 0.0 -3.4 -3.4 3.5 81.8 0.5 6,319 37.2 -0.1 -1.4 -16.3 0.3 90.3 4.3 601 38.4 0.0 -1.4 -7.0 1.5 72.0 1.4 2,396 32.7 -0.1 -5.4 -6.8 0.5 76.3 3.9 1,080 46.3 0.0 -5.5 -3.8 8.9 51.7 4.6 10,882 22.9 -1.3 -4.6 -19.1 0.1 42.4 6.2 -177 -26.3 0.0 -4.2 -36.5 0.4 67.4 1.5 356 15.5 -0.1 -2.5 -1.1 0.5 65.3 4.9 648 23.4 -0.1 -2.1 -15.7 1.1 62.8 0.4 1,353 24.2 -0.1 -1.9 -7.4 0.3 68.4 1.3 566 44.5 0.0 -3.0 -31.2 1.3 32.6 14.4 1,817 26.4 -0.2 -8.7 -26.2 0.5 42.8 3.2 466 14.8 -0.2 -3.1 -18.8 1.7 46.2 2.5 2,932 35.3 -0.1 -4.7 -223.7 0.2 60.9 4.3 243 20.5 -0.1 -3.5 -6.7 0.6 43.4 2.7 801 24.5 -0.1 -3.1 -3.7 1.2 53.7 5.3 454 6.2 -0.4 -7.0 -43.1 0.4 67.2 2.4 623 26.7 -0.1 -3.5 -0.9 0.2 60.8 1.6 187 22.6 0.0 -1.7 -11.7 0.4 60.1 2.7 613 34.7 0.0 -1.4 -45.4 16.7 23.8 9.1 14,880 15.6 -3.7 -3.2 -43.2 0.9 17.6 4.2 949 18.7 -0.2 -0.3 -19.7 1.0 44.9 7.6 1,130 21.8 -0.1 -3.8 -9.4 0.6 29.7 10.0 903 30.3 0.0 -3.6 -5.6 0.5 31.6 9.1 847 33.2 0.0 -4.1 -4.5 0.1 16.1 16.1 56 13.1 0.0 -2.8 -23.1 2.1 32.0 7.0 1,794 15.3 -0.4 -2.8 -44.1 1.6 29.6 6.9 1,200 12.8 -0.4 -2.9 -40.3 0.5 40.2 7.3 594 25.0 0.0 -3.4 -67.3 4.7 18.7 11.9 3,309 11.9 -1.2 -5.3 -75.9 3.2 17.5 10.7 3,451 19.3 -0.6 -4.1 -49.8 1.5 21.1 14.7 -142 -1.4 -0.6 -7.4 -217.1 2.1 25.3 9.6 1,865 15.6 -0.5 -3.8 -112.8 1.0 23.8 12.2 1,117 21.1 -0.1 -2.7 -114.8 1.1 26.5 7.5 748 11.2 -0.3 -4.7 -108.4 2.7 16.1 8.5 2,378 15.1 -0.7 -1.1 -38.8 0.5 29.5 8.6 606 24.1 0.0 -3.3 -9.3 2.2 26.0 7.6 1,946 15.9 -0.4 -2.4 -45.5 0.1 39.7 6.8 60 11.6 0.0 -3.3 -27.3 0.2 26.9 9.8 390 49.9 0.0 -3.4 -8.5 0.1 17.3 3.0 37 7.6 0.0 -1.1 -4.8 1.8 25.7 7.6 1,459 13.9 -0.4 -2.3 -69.4 22.5 79.7 1.8 82,234 125.2 8.4 0.7 -27.8 6.7 73.4 2.8 10,362 30.5 -0.6 -3.8 -46.7 0.5 62.6 5.4 1,706 132.6 0.2 0.7 -15.8 6.3 74.1 2.6 8,656 26.4 -0.7 -3.7 -50.8 15.7 82.4 1.3 71,872 226.9 8.9 1.5 -18.1 3.1 94.2 0.4 3,236 18.6 -0.6 -1.4 -26.7 0.3 52.6 8.5 245 16.3 0.0 -1.0 -127.1 0.9 48.3 2.9 926 18.7 -0.2 -3.4 -33.1 7.8 85.6 0.4 49,458 2,975.8 7.4 -2.7 -0.3 0.6 64.1 6.3 1,794 92.5 0.2 -2.2 -14.7 3.1 78.2 2.7 16,213 385.9 2.2 10.0 -21.5 ology, obstetrics and gynecology, oncology and cancer research, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology,