Instructions for Forms 1099-QA and 5498-QA (Rev. December 2026)

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Instructions for Forms
1099-QA and 5498-QA
(Rev. December 2026)

(Use with the April 2025 revision of Form 1099-QA and the December 2026 revision
of Form 5498-QA.)
Distributions From ABLE Accounts and ABLE Account Contribution Information
Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code
unless otherwise noted.

beneficiary resided for the longest period of time during
the year. See Contributions, later.

Future Developments

Address fields. For the Issuer’s and Beneficiary’s
information, we separated the address fields into separate
entry boxes on Form 5498-QA.

For the latest information about developments related to
Forms 1099-QA and 5498-QA and their instructions, such
as legislation enacted after they were published, go to
IRS.gov/Form1099QA or IRS.gov/Form5498QA.
You can get the Pub. 1099, General Instructions
for Certain Information Returns, at IRS.gov/
1099GeneralInstructions.

What’s New
New box 8. A box 8 has been added to Form 5498-QA to
report a Trump account to ABLE rollover.
Continuous-use form and instructions. Form 5498-QA
and these instructions have been converted from an
annual revision to continuous use. Both the form and
instructions will be updated as needed. For the most
recent version, go to IRS.gov/Form5498QA.
Continuous-use revisions. Use the April 2025 revision
of Form 1099-QA, the December 2026 revision of Form
5498-QA, and these instructions to file and furnish 2026
information in early 2027. Continue to use these revisions
for subsequent years until we issue a superseding
revision. Do not use these revisions for prior years.
Eligible individual. For tax year beginning after
December 31, 2025, the age limit for determining eligibility
based on blindness or disability under title II or XVI
of the Social Security Act has increased from 26 to
46. An individual is an eligible individual if they are
entitled to benefits due to blindness or disability and
such blindness or disability occurred before the date the
individual attained age 46.
Contributions. We removed the threshold amounts for
contributions throughout these instructions because this
amount is adjusted annually for inflation.
Poverty line amounts. We removed the threshold
amounts for the poverty line amounts throughout
these instructions because these amounts are adjusted
annually for inflation. For the annual poverty line
amount, go to aspe.hhs.gov/topics/poverty-economicmobility/poverty-guidelines, and use the appropriate
amount for a one-person household from the table for
the state or geographic area in which the designated
Mar 17, 2026

Reminders
In addition to these specific instructions, you should also
use the current Pub. 1099. Those general instructions
include information about the following topics.
• Who must file.
• When and where to file.
• Electronic reporting.
• Corrected and void returns.
• Statements to recipients.
• Taxpayer identification numbers (TINs).
• Backup withholding.
• Penalties.
• Other general topics.
Due dates. If the filing due date in these instructions
falls on a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday, you will be
considered to have timely filed if you file by the next
day that is not a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday.
Legal holidays for this purpose are legal holidays in the
District of Columbia or a statewide legal holiday where the
return is required to be filed. Also, a leap year does not
extend the filing deadline. Dates of February 28 in these
instructions remain February 28 even in leap years; the
due date does not become February 29.
E-filing returns. The Taxpayer First Act of 2019
authorized the Department of the Treasury and the
IRS to issue regulations that reduce the 250-return
e-file threshold. T.D. 9972, published February 23,
2023, lowered the e-file threshold to 10 (calculated
by aggregating all information returns), effective for
information returns required to be filed on or after January
1, 2024. Go to IRS.gov/InfoReturn for e-file options.
Information Returns Intake System (IRIS). The IRS
has developed IRIS, an online portal for e-filing
information returns. Go to IRS.gov/IRIS for more
information.
Online fillable forms. Due to the very low volume
of paper Forms 1099-QA and 5498-QA received and
processed by the IRS each year, these forms have been
converted to online fillable format. You may fill out these
forms, found online at IRS.gov/Form1099QA and IRS.gov/
Form5498QA, and send Copy B to each recipient.

Instructions for Form 1099-QA and Form 5498-QA (Rev. 12-2026) Catalog Number 67557E
Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service www.irs.gov

Qualified ABLE Program

contributions. See T.D. 9923, available at IRS.gov/IRB/
2020-50_IRB#TD-9923.

A qualified ABLE program is a program established and
maintained by a state, agency, or instrumentality of a
state:
• Under which an ABLE account may be established for
a blind or disabled individual whose blindness or disability
occurred before age 46 (an “eligible individual”), who is
the owner and designated beneficiary of the account;
• Which permits contributions to such ABLE account to
pay for the qualified disability expenses of the account’s
designated beneficiary;
• Which limits a designated beneficiary to one ABLE
account; and
• That meets the other requirements of section 529A.

Separate accounting. A qualified ABLE program must
provide separate accounting for each designated
beneficiary.

Contributions. A program is not treated as a qualified
ABLE program unless it meets the following conditions.
1. All contributions must be in cash.
2. Except in the case of a rollover or
program-to-program transfer from an ABLE account, if
such contribution would result in aggregate contributions
from all contributors to the ABLE account for the tax year
that would exceed the sum of:
a. The annual contribution limit, plus
b. In the case of additional contributions made by
certain employed ABLE account designated beneficiaries,
an amount up to the lesser of:
i. The designated beneficiary’s compensation for the
tax year, or
ii. The poverty line amount for a one-person
household (Community Services Block Grant Act (42
U.S.C. 9902)).
The amount is based on P.L. 115-97, section 11024(a)
(1)(B)(ii)(II), which allows for “an amount equal to the
poverty line for a one-person household, as determined
for the calendar year preceding the calendar year in
which the tax year begins.” To determine the poverty
line amount, go to aspe.hhs.gov/topics/poverty-economicmobility/poverty-guidelines, and use the appropriate
amount for a one-person household from the table for
the state or geographic area in which the designated
beneficiary resided for the longest period of time during
the year.
To determine the contribution amount:
1. Go to IRS.gov/InflationAdjustment,
2. Select the tax inflation adjustment for the applicable
tax year, then
3. Click on the revenue procedure link, and
4. Search for Aggregate Limitation on Contributions to
ABLE Accounts.

Limited investment direction. A qualified ABLE
program provides that a designated beneficiary may,
directly or indirectly, direct the investment of any
contributions to the program (or any earnings on it) no
more than two times in any calendar year.
Pledging of interest as security. A program is not
treated as a qualified ABLE program if it allows any
interest in the program, or any portion of it, to be used
as security for a loan.
Excess aggregate contributions. A qualified ABLE
program must provide adequate safeguards to prevent
aggregate contributions on behalf of a designated
beneficiary in excess of the limit established by the
state under the state’s qualified tuition program (QTP).
Aggregate contributions include contributions to any
prior ABLE account maintained by any qualified ABLE
program for the same designated beneficiary or any prior
designated beneficiary.
Return of excess contributions and excess aggregate
contributions. A qualified ABLE program must return
an excess contribution or excess aggregate contribution
(including all net income attributable to that excess
contribution or excess aggregate contribution) to the
person who made the contribution on or before the due
date (including extensions) for the federal income tax
return of the designated beneficiary for the tax year
in which the excess contribution or excess aggregate
contribution was made.

An employed designated beneficiary is not eligible for
the increased contribution limit for the tax year if any
contribution is made on behalf of the employee to a
defined contribution plan (within the meaning of section
414(i)), a section 403(b) plan, or a section 457(b) plan.
The designated beneficiary is responsible for maintaining
adequate records to document the eligibility for increased

Rollovers and program-to-program transfers. For
purposes of these instructions, a “rollover” means a
contribution to an ABLE account of the designated
beneficiary (or of an eligible individual who is a member of
the family of the designated beneficiary) of all or a portion
of an amount withdrawn from the designated beneficiary’s
ABLE account, provided the contribution is made within
60 days of the date of the withdrawal and, in the case of
a rollover to the designated beneficiary’s ABLE account,
no rollover has been made to an ABLE account of the
designated beneficiary within the prior 12 months.
A “qualified ABLE rollover contribution” from a Trump
account of the designated beneficiary to an ABLE account
of the same beneficiary is only permitted when the full
balance of the beneficiary’s Trump account is transferred
directly (trustee-to-trustee) into an ABLE account in the
calendar year the beneficiary turns 17.
A “program-to-program transfer” means the direct
transfer of the entire balance of an ABLE account to
an ABLE account of the same designated beneficiary
in which the transferor ABLE account is closed upon
completion of the transfer, or of part or all of the balance
to an ABLE account of another eligible individual who is a
member of the family of the former designated beneficiary,
without any intervening distribution or deemed distribution
to the designated beneficiary.

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Instructions for Forms 1099-QA and 5498-QA (Rev. 12-2026)

For Calendar Year

Specific Instructions for Form
1099-QA

Enter the 4-digit calendar year in the "For calendar year"
entry space for the calendar year this form is being filed.

Who Must File

Country

Any state or its agency or instrumentality that establishes
and maintains a qualified ABLE program must file a Form
1099-QA, Distributions From ABLE Accounts, with the IRS
on or before February 28 of the following year for each
ABLE account from which any distribution was made or
which was terminated during the calendar year. The filing
may be done by either an officer or employee of the
state, its agency, or its instrumentality having control of
the qualified ABLE program, or the officer’s or employee’s
designee.
Do not file Form 1099-QA for a change in the name
of the designated beneficiary on an ABLE account if
the new designated beneficiary is an eligible individual
and a member of the family of the former designated
beneficiary. If the new designated beneficiary is not an
eligible individual for the tax year or is not a member of
the family of the former beneficiary, the Form 1099-QA
filed with respect to the former designated beneficiary
should include in box 1 the fair market value (FMV) of
the assets in the ABLE account on the date on which
the change is made to the new designated beneficiary. A
“member of the family” means a sibling, whether by blood
or by adoption, and includes a brother, sister, stepbrother,
stepsister, half-brother, or half-sister.

Statements to Recipients

If you are required to file Form 1099-QA, you must
also furnish a statement to the designated beneficiary
of the ABLE account reporting distributions and to each
contributor who received a returned contribution (plus
earnings) attributable to the calendar year. Furnish a copy
of Form 1099-QA or an acceptable substitute statement to
each recipient, but only with regard to the amounts paid to
that recipient. See part M in the current Pub. 1099.
Truncating recipient’s TIN on payee statements.
Pursuant to Regulations section 301.6109-4, all filers of
this form may truncate a recipient’s TIN (social security
number (SSN), individual taxpayer identification number
(ITIN), adoption taxpayer identification number (ATIN),
or employer identification number (EIN)) on recipient
statements. Truncation is not allowed on any documents
the filer files with the IRS. A payer’s TIN may not be
truncated on any form. See part J in the current Pub.
1099.

Payer’s Name and TIN

Enter the name, address, and TIN of the payer. For a
program established and maintained by a state that uses
the EIN of the state, enter the name of the state on the first
name line and the name of the program on the second
name line.

Recipient’s Name and TIN

List the designated beneficiary as the recipient unless
you are reporting a returned excess contribution to
the contributor. In that case, list the contributor as the
recipient. Enter the TIN of the applicable recipient.
Instructions for Forms 1099-QA and 5498-QA (Rev. 12-2026)

For a list of country codes, go to IRS.gov/CountryCodes.

Account Number

The IRS encourages you to designate an account number
for all Forms 1099-QA that you file. See part L in the
current Pub. 1099.

Box 1. Gross Distribution

Enter the gross distribution from the ABLE account
during the calendar year. The gross distribution includes
amounts distributed that the designated beneficiary
intends to roll over to another ABLE account, but does
not include program-to-program transfers. See Rollovers
and program-to-program transfers, earlier. On a Form
1099-QA for a contributor, enter in box 1 the amount(s)
of excess contributions returned plus earnings thereon.

Box 2. Earnings

To determine the earnings on the gross distribution,
multiply the gross distribution reported in box 1 by the
earning ratio, as defined in section 1.529A(b)(7). See
Regulations section 1.529A-3(c).

Box 3. Basis

Enter the portion of the distribution that constitutes the
return of investment in the account.
The amount of the gross distribution (reported in box 1)
minus the earnings portion of that distribution (reported in
box 2) is the portion of the distribution that constitutes the
return of investment in the account.

Box 4. Program-to-Program Transfer Checkbox

Check this box if a program-to-program transfer was made
from this ABLE account to another ABLE account during
the calendar year. See Rollovers and program-to-program
transfers, earlier.

Box 5. ABLE Account Terminated Checkbox

Check the box if the ABLE account terminated during the
calendar year.

Box 6. Other Than Designated Beneficiary
Checkbox

Check this box if this form is being filed with respect
to a distribution to, or for the benefit of, someone other
than the designated beneficiary of the ABLE account, for
example, a distribution of an excess contribution to the
contributor.

Specific Instructions for Form
5498-QA
Who Must File

Any state, or its agency, or instrumentality that establishes
and maintains a qualified ABLE program must file, for
each ABLE account, a Form 5498-QA, ABLE Account
3

Contribution Information, with the IRS on or before May
31 of the following year. The filing may be done by
either an officer or employee of the state, its agency, or
its instrumentality having control of the qualified ABLE
program, or the officer’s or employee’s designee.

establishment of the ABLE account, including amounts
contributed to an ABLE account for the same designated
beneficiary that was rolled over, or directly transferred
(in a program-to-program transfer), to the current ABLE
account.

Statements to Beneficiaries

Box 4. Fair Market Value

If you are required to file Form 5498-QA with the IRS,
you must also furnish a statement to the designated
beneficiary by March 15.
Furnish a copy of Form 5498-QA or an acceptable
substitute statement to each beneficiary. For more
information on acceptable substitute statements, see part
M in the current Pub. 1099.

Truncating beneficiary’s TIN on payee statements.
Pursuant to Regulations section 301.6109-4, all filers
of this form may truncate a beneficiary’s TIN (social
security number (SSN), individual taxpayer identification
number (ITIN), adoption taxpayer identification number
(ATIN), or employer identification number (EIN)) on payee
statements. Truncation is not allowed on any documents
the filer files with the IRS. An issuer’s TIN may not be
truncated on any form. See part J in the current Pub.
1099.

For Calendar Year

Enter the 4-digit calendar year in the “For calendar-year”
entry space for the calendar year this form is being filed.

Country

For a list of country codes, go to IRS.gov/CountryCodes.

Account Number

The IRS encourages you to designate an account number
for all Forms 5498-QA that you file. See part L in the
current Pub. 1099.

Box 1. ABLE Contributions

Enter the total amount of contributions made to the
ABLE account during the calendar year. Include all
cash contributions, section 529 QTP to ABLE rollovers,
and QTP to ABLE program-to-program transfers. Total
contributions do not include any excess contributions
returned by the due date of the designated beneficiary’s
income tax return (including extensions). Do not include
the amount of any rollover or program-to-program transfer.
If no contributions were made during the calendar year,
enter zero in this box.

Box 2. ABLE to ABLE Rollovers

Enter the amount of any rollover or program-to-program
transfer to this ABLE account from another ABLE
account during the calendar year. Do not include any
contributions from a section 529 program. See Rollovers
and program-to-program transfers, earlier.

Enter the FMV of the account as of December 31.

Box 5. Account Opened Checkbox

Check the box if the ABLE account was opened in the
current filing year.

Box 6. Basis of Eligibility

Caution: You must enter one code letter in box 6.
Report the basis of the designated beneficiary’s
eligibility using the codes below.
• Code A—Eligibility established under section 529A(e)
(1)(A), SSDI, Title II SSA.
• Code B—Eligibility established under section 529A(e)
(1)(A), SSI, Title XVI SSA.
• Code C—Designated beneficiary is the subject of a
disability certification filed with the IRS in the current filing
year.

Box 7. Type of Disability Code

Caution: The following information will only be used for
aggregate reporting purposes as required by law.
Report only one primary code number for the type of
disability for which the designated beneficiary is receiving
ABLE qualifying benefits. If more than one code applies,
select the most significant code.
• Code 1—developmental disorders: autistic spectrum
disorder, Asperger’s disorder, developmental delays, and
learning disabilities.
• Code 2—intellectual disability (may be reported as mild,
moderate, or severe intellectual disability).
• Code 3—psychiatric disorders: schizophrenia, major
depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD), anorexia nervosa, attention deficit/hyperactivity
disorder (AD/HD), bipolar disorder.
• Code 4—nervous disorders: blindness, deafness,
cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, spina bifida,
juvenile-onset Huntington’s disease, multiple sclerosis,
severe sensorineural hearing loss, congenital cataracts.
• Code 5—congenital anomalies: chromosomal
abnormalities, including Down syndrome, osteogenesis
imperfecta, xeroderma pigmentosum, spinal muscular
atrophy, fragile x syndrome, Edwards syndrome.
• Code 6—respiratory disorders: cystic fibrosis.
• Code 7—other: includes tetralogy of Fallot,
hypoplastic left heart syndrome, end-stage liver disease,
juvenile-onset rheumatoid arthritis, sickle cell disease,
hemophilia, and any other disability not listed under codes
1 through 6.

Box 8. Trump Account to ABLE Rollover

Box 3. Cumulative Contributions

You may, but are not required to, enter the amount
of cumulative contributions to this ABLE account. This
amount is the total of amounts contributed since the

Enter the amount of a qualified ABLE rollover contribution
from a Trump account to this ABLE account during the
calendar year the beneficiary turns 17. See Rollovers and
program-to-program transfers, earlier.

4

Instructions for Forms 1099-QA and 5498-QA (Rev. 12-2026)