Pretest Study Report

Survey of Residential Pesticide
Use and Sales in the San Diego
Creek Watershed of Orange
County, California
Prepared for the California Department of Pesticide Regulation
Cheryl A. Wilen, Ph.D.
Area Integrated Pest Management Advisor
University of California Statewide IPM Project
UC Cooperative Extension
October 16, 2001

Acknowledgements
This work was supported by a grant for the California Department of Pesticide
Regulation. However, any conclusions and recommendations are those of the author. I
would like to that the Department of Pesticide Regulation for the support of this project
and in particular, Nan Singhasemanon, Environmental Specialist, who provided guidance
and input on the project’s structure and development as it progressed. I would like to
also thank the main cooperators on this study, Dr. Gregory Robinson and Ms. Shelley
Osborne for their expertise in survey design and analysis and Ms. Rosemary Flynn for
her business acumen and persistence in getting the store data. The stores that generously
contributed their sales data should be commended for doing so.

i

Survey of Residential Pesticide Use and Sales in the San Diego Creek Watershed of
Orange County California
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
Executive Summary
I. Introduction
II. Residential Telephone Survey
A. Method
B. Results
1.0 Respondent Demographics
2.0 Pesticide Use: Outdoor Pest Control
2.1 Outdoor Pest Problems
2.2 Pest Control Product Use Within the Last Six Months
3.0 Pesticide Use: Indoor Pest Control
4.0 Pest Control Product Disposal
C. Conclusions
D. Recommendations
III. In-Store and Sale Survey
A. Assignment
B. Methodology
C. Results
1.0 Quantitative: Overall Retail Data
2.0 Qualitative: Selected Pairs Study
D. Conclusions
E. Recommendations
IV. Overall Summary and Recommendations

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References

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Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix E
Appendix F

Pest Control Telephone Survey Questionnaire
List of Retail Stores Located in Watershed That Sell Pesticides
Sample of Letter Sent to Selected Retailers in the Watershed
Home Depot Reply to Request for Sales Information
Sample Product List by Store Type
Total Amount of Pesticide Sold by the Eight Stores that Provided
Data

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84
85
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Tables
Table
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
Table 5
Table 6
Table 7
Table 8
Table 9
Table 10
Table 11
Table 12
Table 13
Table 14
Table 15
Table 16
Table 17
Table 18
Table 19
Table 20
Table 21
Table 22
Table 23
Table 24
Table 25
Table 26
Table 27
Table 28
Table 29
Table 30
Table 31
Table 32
Table 33
Table 34
Table 35

Title
Final disposition for sample records
Age of respondent
Race/ethnicity of respondent
Primary language spoken at home
Total annual household income
City of residence
Highest level of education
Type of residence
House type by ownership
Home ownership by city of residence
Who applies outdoor pest control products
Who applies outdoor pest control products with non-applicators
removed
Who applies outdoor pest control products by residence
type/ownership
How pests are identified
Who applies outdoor pest control products with respondent’s
involvement
Residence type/ownership by snail or slug problem
Products used in the previous six months
Active ingredient in product used in previous six months
Target pest for product used in previous six months
Formulation of product used in previous six months
Point of sale of product used in previous six months
Store name where product used in previous six months was
purchased
Disposal of outdoor pest control products that must be mixed with
water
How an outdoor pest control product is selected for purchase
Name of product most recently purchased
Active ingredient in product most recently purchased
Pest reason for most recent purchase
What does respondent look at or read on the pesticide label
Source of pest control information
Sources of advertised information
Source of information by language spoken
Disposal of pest control products
Age of oldest stored product by number of products stored in a
residence
Name of oldest product stored in residence
Name of product by age of oldest product stored in home

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Table 36 Who applies indoor pest control products
Disposal of indoor pest control products that must be mixed with
Table 37
water
Disposal of all pest control products by knowledge of waste
Table 38
disposal site
Table 39 Store pairs by type and city
Table 40 Pounds of active ingredients from store sample
Table 41 Summary of store characteristics for pest control items

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Figures
Title
Map of San Diego Creek Watershed
Flow chart for “who applies outdoor pest control products”
Residents’ major out pest problems
Number of times per year that outdoor pest control products are applied
Number of times per year that outdoor pest control products are applied by
language spoken at home
When was the a pest control product last purchased
What respondents read or look at on label by language spoken at home
How respondents decide how much product to use by language spoken at
home
Number of different products stored at residence
Age of oldest product stored at residence

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iv

Survey of Residential Pesticide Use and Sales in the San Diego Creek Watershed of
Orange County California
October 13, 2001
Executive Summary
The University of California conducted a telephone survey of adults living in the San
Diego Creek Watershed in Orange County, California at the request of the California
Department of Pesticide Regulation. Additionally, in-store pesticide inventories were
obtained as well as annual sales data from a sample of the stores located within the
watershed selling home-use pesticides. The purpose of these studies was to determine the
attitudes of non-professional pesticide applicators regarding pesticide choice, use, and
disposal in and around homes as well as estimate the range of products available and
purchased by non-commercial consumers. The results of these studies will supply data
for developing regulatory and educational programs to reduce the use of certain
pesticides determined to have a detrimental impact on the ecology of watersheds in
southern California. Cheryl A. Wilen, PhD, UC Statewide IPM Project, directed the
overall project.
In August, 2000, the Social Science Research Center (SSRC) at California State
University, Fullerton, under the direction of Dr. Gregory Robinson and Ms. Shelley
Osborn, conducted a telephone survey sponsored by U.C. Cooperative Extension to
assess the use and disposal of pest control products in randomly selected households
located within the boundaries of the San Diego Creek and East Costa Mesa/ Newport
Beach Watershed areas. A total of 1,212 interviews were completed in English and 212
interviews were completed in Spanish or in a mix of Spanish and English.
City of Residence
Irvine
Santa Ana
Costa Mesa
Tustin
Newport Beach/ Corona Del Mar
Lake Forest/ Foothill Ranch
Laguna Woods
Mission Viejo
Other
Total

Frequency
267
260
219
207
200
132
99

Percent
19.1%
18.6%
15.7%
14.8%
14.3%
9.4%
7.1%

11
4
1399

.8%
.3%
100.0%

1

Key findings from telephone survey:
¾ Residents who owned a single family home were most likely to apply outdoor
pest control products themselves, as opposed to those who owned or rented an
single family home, attached home, or an apartment. Those in the latter groups
were most likely to hire a professional company for pest control.
¾ Insects (particularly ants) and snails/slugs were identified as the major outdoor
pest problems.
¾ The majority of the pest control products (55.1%) were purchased at large home
supply stores, with Home Depot accounting for the greatest proportion (49.2%).
¾ Approximately one-third of respondents reported applying products between one
and three times per year, followed by 25.2% who apply products between four
and six times per year. 13.9% report applying products more than 12 times per
year.
¾ The highest proportion of respondents (71.1%) had at least one pest control
product at their residence that was between 1 and 3 years old. 10.2% reported
storing products that were 3-5 years old and 13.4% had at least one product that
was older than 5 years. Only 5.2% said that the oldest product in their home was
less than one year old.
¾ 61.9% of the respondents indicated that they “read and follow all directions on the
container” when deciding how much of a product to use. However, only 38.4%
indicated that they actually measure the amount to be used, while 61.6% estimate.
¾ For the most part, respondents did not use outdoor pest control products that
needed to be mixed with water (53.4%). Of those that did, the largest proportion
of respondents (34.8%) indicated that they only make enough to use and that there
is no mixture left over, 26.8% reported that they store it for later use, and 17.1%
would reapply it to the same area until it was used up.
¾ Over one-half (54.5%) of the respondents indicated that they dispose of unused
pest control products by throwing them in the trash. Less than one fifth (18.1%)
indicated that they take them to a disposal site.
¾ The majority of the respondents (78.6%) did not know the location of a household
waste disposal site.
In addition to the telephone survey, we attempted to obtain pesticide sales data from retail
outlets located within the watershed. Ms. Rosemary Flynn of David Evans and
Associates conducted this portion of the study. Despite the refusal of the largest seller of
pesticide products (Home Depot) to supply any sales information, we were able to obtain

2

sales records from two nurseries and 7 hardware stores. We then extrapolated their sales
data to estimate residential sales. This required a number of assumptions that may or
may not be valid.
Key findings from retail sales survey:
¾ The large home supply stores had the greatest number and variety of pesticide
products available for sale and devoted the most shelf space to pesticides.
¾ Grocery and drug stores pesticide sales were primarily insecticides under the
“Raid” trade name.
¾ Ortho brand products dominated the choices at home supply and discount
department stores as well as nurseries and hardware stores.
¾ Nurseries tended to have the best-trained staff in relation to pesticide use and a
larger proportion of products were “reduced-risk” pesticides.
¾ In terms of active ingredient, 14.2 times more diazinon was sold than chlorpyrifos.
¾ The majority of chlorpyrifos was sold as granules in 10 lb bags with 6.62% a.i.
¾ The majority of diazinon was sold as Ortho 40 oz diazinon insect spray (25% a.i.)
and 30 oz Bug-B-Gone Insect Killer (22.4% a.i.).
¾ Snail and slug control products containing metaldehyde accounted for a large
proportion (15%) of the total active ingredients of all pesticides sold in the
watershed.
Assuming that the sales data from nurseries and hardware stores were representative of
overall consumer purchases, we estimate that the total pounds of active ingredient of
products containing chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and metaldehyde purchased in the watershed
in 2000 to be 710, 10103, and 19653 respectively. It is important to note that this does
not necessarily mean that this was the amount applied, only the amount purchased.
Overall recommendations based on the results of this study:
1. Increase consumer awareness of pesticide use and hazards by increasing signage
on shelves where pesticides are sold. This signage should be in English and
Spanish.
2. A sales associate training in pesticide selection and safety as well as overall pest
control should be assigned to the pesticide area and be available to answer
customer questions.
3. Handouts with the location and hours of household hazardous waste stations
should be supplied with every pesticide sale.

3

4. Pesticides should be sold in smaller quantities to discourage storage of large
amounts as well as decrease the tendency to over apply the product.
5. Encourage the use and sale of less toxic pest control products and increase the use
integrated pest management.
6. If the Department of Pesticide Regulation is truly interested in measuring pesticide
sales, require retailers to submit a monthly report of pesticide sales by store.

4

UC COOPERATIVE EXTENSION
2000 PEST CONTROL PRODUCTS SURVEY
I.

INTRODUCTION

In a 1999 study, the US Geological Survey found that common lawn and garden
insecticides, particularly diazinon, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, and malathion, are frequently
found in urban streams. The USGS also reported that these insecticides are often found
at higher concentrations in urban streams than in agricultural streams (USGS, 1999).
Market estimates corroborate these findings. The USEPA estimated that the most
common insecticides sold in the lawn and garden market in 1995/1996 were diazinon,
chlorpyrifos, and carbaryl. Chlorpyrifos and malathion are the most commonly used
insecticides by the industrial /commercial/ government sector (Aspelin and Grube, 2000).
Two of these pesticides, diazinon and chlorpyrifos, are of primary interest to
regulatory agencies and environmental organizations. However, diazinon sales for nonagricultural use are scheduled to cease by December 31, 2004 while sales of most
products containing chlorpyrifos are scheduled to end by December 31, 2001.
Termiticides containing chlorpyrifos are allowed until December 31, 2005. The sale of
these pesticides has been halted because of the health risks to children (USEPA, 1999,
USEPA, 2000). There is also evidence that these materials can impair some beneficial
uses of water bodies when found at levels which are toxic to certain aquatic organisms
(Siepmann and Finlayson, 2000). Previous reports have reviewed the water quality issues
related to these pesticides in urban areas of California (Cooper, 1996, Moran, 2001).
To better understand the habits of non-commercial pesticide applicators in the San
Diego Creek Watershed in Orange County, the California Department of Pesticide
Regulation contracted with University of California Cooperative Extension (UCCE). The
principal investigator, Cheryl A. Wilen, Ph.D, of the U.C. Statewide IPM Project
subcontracted the Social Science Research Center at California State University,
Fullerton to conduct a telephone survey targeting households in the San Diego Creek
Watershed. Additionally, in-store pesticide inventories were obtained together with
annual sales data from a sample of the stores located within the watershed that sell homeuse pesticides.
These studies were conducted to determine the self-reported attitudes and
behaviors of non-professional pesticide applicators regarding product choice, use, and
disposal in and around homes and to estimate the range of products available to and
purchased by non-commercial consumers. The resulting data will be used to develop
regulatory and educational programs to reduce the use of certain pesticides that have been
determined to have a detrimental impact on the ecology of watersheds in Southern
California.
In general, the telephone survey was designed to answer the following questions:

5

A. Which pests are perceived as the major problems outside of the
dwelling,
B. Which pesticides are used,
C. How pesticides are selected for use,
D. How often pesticides are used,
E. How pesticides are mixed,
F. Where pesticides are purchased,
G. How pesticides are disposed of,
H. Where information regarding pest control is obtained, and
I. The extent to which users read pesticide labels.
The survey instrument was based on similar surveys conducted previously by
U.S. EPA (Whitmore et al., 1992), Maryland Department of the Environment (Kroll and
Murphy, 1994), Alameda County (Scanlin and Cooper, 1997), and King County, WA
(Evans/McDonough Co., 2000).
In concert with the residential survey, a survey of retail outlets was conducted.
For the purposes of this study, retail outlets are defined as any location where a nonprofessional pesticide applicator can purchase pest control products. This includes
department stores (e.g. Target, Kmart, Wal-Mart), retail nurseries, mail order or Internet,
and hardware stores (e.g. Ace, Home Depot). The focus of the retail outlet survey was to
obtain information regarding:
A. Which pesticides are purchased,
B. The time of year they are purchased,
C. What educational resources are provided for the consumer at the store
site, and
D. The level of pest management training or experience of the store
personnel.
This report identifies educational and regulatory gaps and barriers that influence
residential product use by non-commercial applicators. In this context, educational
interventions that could be employed to change use patterns are recommended, and
regulations that may be needed if education fails are considered. The report also
highlights particular constraints to behavioral change. The survey results can be used to
prioritize efforts likely to result in the most rapid changes in use and disposal of
pesticides. A follow-up study is desirable to quantify the extent of change due to
education or regulation.
Scope of this report:
While pesticides applied to control indoor pests, e.g. roaches, ants, silverfish,
spiders, may be contributing to pesticides in the watershed, this study primarily
concentrates on the use and disposal of pesticides in an outdoor setting.

6

Definitions:
“Non-professional applicators” are persons that apply pesticides in their own
homes, and “Housing unit” refers to a person’s primary dwelling. “Residential use” or
“Home use” refers to pesticides primarily sold to or applied by non-commercial pesticide
applicators.
Subcontracting
The Social Science Research Center (SSRC) at California State University,
Fullerton was selected to conduct the telephone survey. This group conducted interviews
in both English and Spanish and is experienced in conducting surveys pertinent to issues
in Orange County. The primary contact at SSRC was Dr. Gregory Robinson.
Dr. Wilen trained the survey team prior to the administration of the pilot survey.
The training included definitions of types of pesticides, types of pests, possible responses
to expect to open-ended questions, and other technical information required to prepare
the interviewers.
David Evans and Associates, an environmental consulting firm, conducted the
retail survey with guidance from Dr. Wilen. The primary contact at David Evans and
Assoc. was Ms. Rosemary Flynn.
II.

Residential Telephone Survey
A. Method

In August, 2000, the Social Science Research Center (SSRC) at California State
University, Fullerton conducted telephone interviews in English and Spanish with
persons in 1,424 randomly selected households located within the boundaries of the San
Diego Creek and East Costa Mesa/ Newport Beach Watershed areas. A total of 1,212
interviews were completed in English and 212 in Spanish or in a mix of Spanish and
English. Telephone interviews were conducted from the SSRC’s survey research
laboratory, utilizing Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) equipment and
software. The CATI system is a sophisticated information gathering protocol that
contributes to the accuracy of data and to preserving the random nature of the sample.
Telephone interviews were conducted between August 29th and October 3rd, 2000,
Monday through Thursday from 4-9 PM, Saturday from 11 a.m. to 5 p.m., and Sunday
from 1-7:00 p.m. The questionnaire consisted of approximately 80 items and required
from one to thirty-one minutes to complete. The average administration time depended
upon whom in the household assumed primary responsibility for applying outdoor pest
control products. Respondents that indicated that no outdoor pest control products were
applied at their residences required an average of four minutes and 49 seconds to
complete the survey. Respondents that indicated that an outside company applied pest
control products around their households completed the survey in an average time of five
minutes and five seconds. Respondents that applied products themselves or shared this

7

responsibility with an outside company required an averaged time of twelve minutes and
34 seconds to complete the survey.
The survey sample was developed in consultation with Scientific Telephone
Samples (STS), a proprietary firm specializing in the production of Random Digit Dial
(RDD) telephone samples. The sample was constructed in proportion to the number of
households within each of 27 ZIP codes falling within watershed boundaries. When zip
code alone was not sufficient to determine whether a potential respondent resided within
the watershed, extensive screening was undertaken (see Appendix A to review the survey
instrument and the script for this process). If potential respondents were unable to
answer the screening questions necessary to determine whether they resided within
watershed boundaries, they were not included in the study.
The sample frame consisted of listed and unlisted, old and recently established
telephone numbers of all households within the designated watersheds. Therefore, every
household in this area with a telephone had an equal non-zero chance of being selected to
participate in the study. The telephone company estimates that the penetration of phone
lines in residential households in Orange County is 98.5%. It is our belief that no major
events occurred during the interview period that might have affected responses to the
survey items.
Since the sample was selected in proportion to the number of households in each
zip code within the watershed areas, the number of households in Santa Ana and Irvine
far exceeded those in other cities in the watershed area. To ensure an adequate number of
respondents from cities with smaller populations, quotas were established for Irvine (Zip
Codes 92604, 92606, 92612, 92614, and 92620) and Santa Ana (Zip Codes 92701,
92703, 92704, 92705, and 92707). On September 25, 2000, these quotas were closed and
interviewing continued only for residents of Newport Beach, Costa Mesa, Tustin, Lake
Forest, Laguna Woods, and the unincorporated areas within the watershed boundary.
The map on the following page depicts the boundaries of the watershed area.

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9

To complete 1,424 interviews, 61,009 individual dialing attempts were made.
About 26% (26.3%) of the interviews were completed on the first attempt, 15.8% on the
second, 12.7% on the third attempt, 9.1% on the fourth call, and 36.4% on the fifth or
higher attempt. This persistence paid off in a response rate of 72.86%; an excellent
outcome for an RDD study of this length. The final disposition of each unique telephone
number attempted is depicted below.
Table 1
Final Dispositions for Sample Records
Completes
No Answer
Busy
Answering Machine/ Voice Mail
Phone Disconnect
Fax Machine
Incoherent
Not a Residence
Language Problem- Spanish
Language Problem- Other
Teenager Phone
Qualified Refusal
Unqualified Refusal
Qualified Callback
Unqualified Callback
Complete Came Back
Not Qualified
Not Available Project Dates/ Hours
Call Blocked
Unsure if Residence is in Watershed
Santa Ana & Irvine Quota Cell Full
Total Sample

1424
509
54
364
1,901
1,040
20
1,181
34
169
34
33
289
95
552
2
921
1,212
1
41
499
10,375

B. RESULTS
1.0 RESPONDENT DEMOGRAPHICS
Gender
At the conclusion of each survey, interviewers coded respondent gender. Of the
1,424 completed interviews, 832 were female (58.4%) and 591 were male (41.5%).
Interviewers were unable to determine the gender of one of the respondents by voice
alone.

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Age
Respondents averaged 42 years of age. The median age was 39. As depicted in
the table below, there were more respondents in the 18 to 30 (27.9%) and 31 to 40
(26.1%) age groups than in others. The smallest group consisted of respondents who
were 61 and older (12.7%). Eighty-two respondents of 1424 (5.8%) declined to state their
age.
Table 2
Age
18 to 30
31 to 40
41 to 50
51 to 60
61 to 90
Declined to state
Total

Frequency
375
350
276
171
170
82
1424

Percent
27.9%
26.1%
20.6%
12.7%
12.7%
(omitted from total)
100.0%

Race/Ethnicity
As depicted by Table 3 on the following page, the largest racial/ethnic group is
Caucasian/ White (62.5%), with Hispanics/ Latinos comprising the second largest ethnic
group (23.8%). Fifty-seven of 1424 respondents (4.0%) refused to disclose their
racial/ethnic background.
Survey respondents who self-identified as Asian were asked to specify their race.
The largest number of Asian respondents, (27.2%), indicated that they were Chinese, 23
(16.9%) were Vietnamese, 17 (12.5%) Asian Indian, 13 (9.6%) Japanese, 12 (8.8%)
Korean, and 12 (8.8%) Filipino. Responses also included Pacific Islander, Bi-or Multi
Racial, Thai, and Indonesian. Eight of the 33 respondents (24.2%) who specified their
race/ethnicity as “other” self-identified as Middle Eastern. Other responses included Bior Multi-Racial and Native American.
Table 3
Race/Ethnicity
Caucasian or White
Hispanic or Latino
Asian
Other Race/Ethnic Group
Black or African American
Declined to state
Total

Frequency
854
325
136
33
19
57
1424

Percent
62.5%
23.8%
9.9%
2.4%
1.4%
(omitted from total)
100.0%

11

Primary Language Spoken at Home
Of the 1,403 valid responses, the majority (76.6%) of respondents indicated that
the primary language spoken in their home was English, followed by 245 (17.5%) who
speak Spanish.
Table 4
Primary Language Spoken
English
Spanish
Chinese/ Mandarin
Vietnamese
Korean
Japanese
Farsi
Other
Total

Frequency
1075
245
16
15
8
6
6
32
1403

Percent
76.6%
17.5%
1.1%
1.1%
.6%
.4%
.4%
2.3%
100.0%

Other responses included Filipino, Hindi, Indonesian, Indian, German and a mix
of English and another language (such as Spanish or Chinese).
Total Annual Household Income
Sample proportions tend to increase as income categories rise. By a very small
margin, the largest proportion of the sample (22.8%) fell into the highest income
category; $100,000 or more annually. Approximately 9% of the sample reported earning
less than $15,000. A total of 411 respondents (28.9% of the total sample) either did not
know or declined to state their total annual household income. The percentages in Table
5 on the following page are computed based upon valid replies.
Table 5
Total Annual Household
Income
Less than $15,000
Between $15,000 and $24,999
Between $25,000 and $44, 999
Between $45,000 and $69, 999
Between $70,000 and $99,000
$100,000 and above
Total

Frequency

Percent

97
126
156
219
184
231
1013

9.6%
12.4%
15.4%
21.6%
18.2%
22.8%
100.0%

12

City of Residence
As indicated by Table 6 below, the largest proportions of the sample reside in
Irvine (19.1%) and Santa Ana (18.6%). These are followed by 219 respondents (15.7%)
in Costa Mesa, 207 (14.8%) in Tustin, and 200 (14.3%) in Newport Beach and Corona
Del Mar. These proportions are approximately consistent with the size and density of the
city populations within the watershed boundaries. Twenty-five (1.8%) of the 1,424
respondents refused to provide the city of their residence.
Table 6
City of Residence
Irvine
Santa Ana
Costa Mesa
Tustin
Newport Beach/ Corona Del Mar
Lake Forest/ Foothill Ranch
Laguna Woods
Mission Viejo
Other
Total

Frequency
267
260
219
207
200
132
99

Percent
19.1%
18.6%
15.7%
14.8%
14.3%
9.4%
7.1%

11
4
1399

.8%
.3%
100.0%

Other responses included Westminster, Aliso Viejo, and Anaheim Hills.
Level of Education
As depicted in Table 7 below, of the 1,378 survey respondents who supplied an
answer, the highest proportion of survey respondents (30.5%) reported receiving a
college degree, followed by 25.3% who reported having completed some college.
Table 7
Highest Level of Education
Some high school or less
High school graduate
Some college
College graduate
Post-graduate degree
Total

Frequency
162
221
348
420
227
1378

Percent
11.8%
16.0%
25.3%
30.5%
16.5%
100.0%

13

Type of Residence
As indicated by Table 8, just over one-half of the respondents (50.4%) report
living in a single family detached home and equal proportions of respondents (23.6%)
report living in attached homes (such as a condo or town home) and in apartments.
Other responses included retirement home/ assisted living, dormitory, and boat. Two
respondents did not describe their residence type.
Table 8
Type of Residence
Single family detached home
Attached home
Apartment
Mobile home
Other
Total

Frequency
717
335
335
23
12
1422

Percent
50.4%
23.6%
23.6%
1.6%
.8%
100.0%

Home Ownership
Thirty-two respondents did not reply to a question concerning ownership of their
residence. Of the 1,392 respondents who supplied an answer, 785 (56.4%) reported that
they own their residence, while 607 (43.6%) reported that they rent.
For analytic purposes, type of residence and home ownership were combined to
create a new variable. Table 9 on the next page presents this combined variable, omitting
respondents who did not answer one or both of the original questions. The largest
proportion (39.7%) of residents that replied own single family detached homes, followed
by 324 (23.3%) that rent an apartment. The small number of respondents that reported
owning or renting a mobile home, owning an apartment, or owning or renting something
else (such as a boat) were omitted from the analysis.
Table 9
House Type/ Ownership
Own a single family detached home
Own an attached home
Rent a single family detached home
Rent an attached home
Rent an apartment
Other
Total

Frequency
552
202
142
126
324
44
1390

Percent
39.7%
14.5%
10.2%
9.1%
23.3%
3.2%
100.0%

14

Home Ownership by City of Residence
As illustrated by Table 10 below, the largest proportion of respondents in all cities
except Costa Mesa indicated that they currently own a single family detached home. The
largest proportion (39.8%) of respondents in Costa Mesa currently rent an apartment.
Over one-half of the respondents in Tustin (52.2%) and the Lake Forest/ Foothill Ranch
area (57.1%) indicated that they own a single family detached home. Differences in these
proportions by city are statistically significant (p. < .01).
Table 10 Home ownership (row) by City of residence (column).
Newport
Santa
Costa
Laguna
Lake
Ana
Beach/
Mesa
Woods
Forest/
Corona
Foothill
del Mar
Ranch
Own Detached
50
33
72
77
91
home
(23.7%)
(38.4%)
(57.1%)
(39.7%)
(36.3%)
Own Attached
19
32
14
28
19
Home
(9.0%)
(37.2%)
(11.1%)
(14.4%)
(7.6%)
Rent Detached
31
3
16
16
42
Home
(14.7%)
(3.5%)
(12.7%)
(8.2%)
(16.7%)
Rent Attached
27
8
9
28
17
Home
(12.8%)
(9.3%)
(7.1%)
(14.4%)
(6.8%)
Rent Apartment
84
10
15
45
82
(39.8%)
(11.6%)
(11.9%)
(23.2%)
(32.7%)
Total
211
86
126
194
251
(100.0%) (100.0%) (100.0%) (100.0%) (100.0%)
2.0

Tustin

Irvine

105
(52.2%)
25
(12.4%)
14
(7.0%)
8
(4.0%)
49
(24.4%)
201
(100.0%)

111
(44.0%)
61
(24.2%)
17
(6.7%)
28
(11.1%)
35
(13.9%)
252
(100.0%)

PESTICIDE USE: OUTDOOR PEST CONTROL
Who Applies Outdoor Pest Control Products
All survey respondents were asked, “Who at your residence applies outdoor pest
control products?” As depicted in Table 11 below, the largest proportion of survey
respondents (37.0%) indicated that a commercial company, apartment complex or home
owners association not directly contracted by them is responsible for outdoor pest control
product application.

15

Table 11
Who applies outdoor products
Yourself
Another Member of the household
Commercial Co., Apt. Complex or Home
Owner’s Association
Yourself and a pest control company
Only a pest control company
No outdoor pest control products are
applied
Other
Don’t know/ No Response/ Refused
Total

Frequency
318
26
527

Percent
22.3%
1.8%
37.0%

54
89
317

3.8%
6.3%
22.3%

33
60
1424

2.3%
4.2%
100.0%

For some analyses, the “who applies” classifications above were combined into
four categories: Outside application, Home application, Outside and Home application,
and No application of outdoor pest control products. Respondents that indicated that a
commercial company, apartment complex or home owner’s association (n=527) or that
only a pest control company (n=89) applied pest control products are labeled “Outside
Application”. Respondents that indicated that they (n=318) or another member of their
household (n=26) are responsible for pest control application are labeled “Home
Application”. The 54 respondents that indicated that they shared this responsibility with
a pest control company were so categorized, as illustrated by Table 12.
For analyses elsewhere in this report, the “who applies” classifications depicted
by Table 11 were combined differently. To assist the reader to conceptualize this
important variable and to illustrate how respondents were classified, a flow chart is
presented on the following page.

16

Sample Flow Chart
"Who applies outdoor pest control products at your
residence?"

N=1424
Table 11

Yourself
(n=318)

Another
member of
household
(n=26)

Yourself and
Pest Control
Co.
(n=54)

Pest
Control
Company
(n=89)

Commercial Co.;
Apt Complex;
Home Owners
Assoc
(n=527)

No Outdoor
Products
are Applied
(n=317)

Other
(n=33)

Don't Know /
No Response /
Refused
(n=60)

Table 12

Home
Application
(n=344)

Home and
Outside
Application

Outside
Application
(n=616)

No
Application
(n=317)

(n=54)
Table 15

Respondent or
Member of
household
(n=344)

Respondent and
Outside Company
(n=54)

Pest Control
Company
(n=89)

Other
(n=33)

17

Table 12
Who applies outdoor products
Outside Company (Commercial Co., Apt.
Complex, Homeowners Assoc.,
Contracted Company)
Home application (respondent or another
member of household)
Home and Company (Respondent and a
pest control company)
No outdoor pest control products are
applied
Total

Frequency
616

Percent
46.3%

344

25.8%

54

4.1%

317

23.8%

1331

100.0%

Who Applies Products and Residence Type/ Ownership
As depicted in Table 13 on the following page, the largest proportion (42.5%) of
survey respondents that currently own a single family detached home report that someone
within their household applies outdoor pest control products. The largest proportion of
residents that own an attached home (61.6%) or that rent an attached home (67.2%)
report that an outside company is responsible for product application. Similarly, 215
(75.7%) residents that rent an apartment report that an outside company is responsible for
product application. Among survey respondents that rent a single family detached home,
the greatest proportion of respondents (44.8%) report no application of products at their
residence. The relationship between “Who applies pest control products” and “Residence
Type/ Ownership” is statistically significant.
Table 13 Who applies outdoor pest control products (row) by Residence Type/
Ownership (column)
Own a Single
Own an
Rent a
Rent an
Rent an
Family
Attached
Single
Attached Apartment
Detached
Home
Family
Home
Home
Detached
Home
Home application
229
38
37
16
11
(42.5%)
(19.2%)
(29.6%)
(13.8%)
(3.9%)
Outside Company
143
122
29
78
215
(26.5%)
(61.6%)
(23.2%)
(67.2%)
(75.7%)
Home and Company
40
7
3
0
1
(7.4%)
(3.5%)
(2.4%)
(0)
(.4%)
No outdoor pest control
127
31
56
22
57
products are applied
(23.6%)
(15.7%)
(44.8%)
(19.0%)
(20.1%)
Total
539
198
125
116
284
(100.0%)
(100.0%) (100.0%) (100.0%) (100.0%)
p. < .001

18

Predicting Who Applies Outdoor Pest Control Products
The development of policy to control the use and disposal of residential pest
control products requires an understanding of who actually handles these materials.
Variables including the respondent’s educational attainment, city of residence, total
annual household income, primary language spoken at home, residence type and home
ownership are strongly related to each other and to whether an individual in the
household applies outdoor pest control products or whether an outside company is hired
for that purpose.
To determine which of these variables best predicts pest control product use, a
binary logistic regression was performed using “who applies pest control products” as the
dependent variable and educational attainment of the respondent, city of residence, total
annual household income, primary language spoken at home, residence type and home
ownership as independent, or predictor, variables. For this analysis, residents with home
and outside application of pest control products (n=54) were combined with residents
with only outside application (n=616) to form a combined category with 670 respondents.
Again, 344 residents report home application.
The logistic regression analysis indicated that the variable combining type of
residence and home ownership (see Table 9) is the only statistically significant predictor.
Logistic regression also provides an odds ratio that can be used in this case to interpret
the likelihood of having an outside company apply outdoor pest control products.
Compared to residents that own a single family detached home, residents that own an
attached home are approximately 5.4 times more likely to have an outside company apply
outdoor pest control products; residents that rent an attached home are 7.5 times more
likely and residents that rent an apartment are approximately 29 times more likely to have
an outside company apply outdoor pest control products than residents who own single
family detached homes.
How People Identify Outdoor Pests
Following a branching sequence, the 89 respondents who contract solely with an
outside company and the 33 respondents who replied “other” in response to the query
regarding who applies outdoor pest control products (see Table 11 on page 12), were
skipped out of a series of more detailed questions about their use and disposal of outdoor
pest control products. Of the remaining 397 respondents that moved through this series
of questions, 384 provided valid responses when asked to identify outdoor pest problems.
Table 14 below presents the responses to this question. Percentages are computed
based upon valid responses. Since respondents could select more than one option, a total
percentage is not provided.

19

Table 14
Identification of Pest Problems
Can identify it from experience
Receive help from store personnel
Identify it by book, magazine, or Internet
Guess
Other (Receive a professional diagnosis,
neighbors, gardener, personal professional
knowledge)

Frequency
(Percent)
341
(88.8%)
46
(12.0%)
29
(7.5%)
18
(4.7%)
12
(3.1%)

2.1 OUTDOOR PEST PROBLEMS
Although it did not appear so to interviewers or respondents because CATI
programming guided the sequence of questions, the survey instrument was quite
complicated. Many item sequences “branched” with later questions dependent upon the
responses to a preceding question. For example, survey respondents were asked about
their outdoor pest problems if they applied pest control products themselves (n=318), if
another member of their household (n=26) applied pest control products, if they and an
outside company applied pest control products (n=54), or if the application was
performed by a pest control company under contract to the respondent (n=89). Responses
coded as “other” (n=33) that involved some permutation of these options also continued
through a sequence of questions about outdoor pests. Table 15 on the following page
reflects a total N (number of qualified respondents) for this series of questions of 519.
Table 15
Who Applies Outdoor Pest Control Products
Respondent or Another Member of the Household

Frequency
344

Respondent and an Outside Company
An Outside Company the Respondent Contracts with
1
Other

54
89
32

Total

519

1

During the pilot test, respondents who indicated “other” in response to the question about who applies
outdoor pest control products were skipped out of this series of questions. After the pilot test, the
questionnaire was changed to include these respondents. Although 33 respondents indicated “other”, only
32 were asked this series of questions, since one respondent completed the survey during the pilot test
phase.

20

Outdoor Pests
Respondents were asked several questions regarding the main outdoor pests they
encounter, focusing upon insects, animals, weeds and plant diseases. In this sequence of
questions, multiple outdoor pests may have been specified, so percentages do not sum to
100. As depicted by the graph below, 339 of the 519 (65.3%) respondents that meet the
criteria in Table 15 above, reported insects to be a major outdoor problem, followed by
210 (40.7%) that identified snails and slugs, and 126 (24.4%) that indicated animals. The
lowest proportion of respondents (15.5%) reported that weeds are a “major outdoor
problem”.
Residents' M ajor Outdoor Pest Problems

70.0%

65.3%

60.0%

50.0%

40.7%

40.0%
24.4%

30.0%

20.5%
15.5%

20.0%

10.0%

0.0%
Inse cts

Snails and
Slugs

Animals

Plant
Diseases

Weeds

Insects
Of the 519 asked, 339 (65.3%) residents indicated that they consider insects to be
a major outdoor problem, 173 (33.3%) do not, and seven (1.4%) could not answer the
question. Of the 339 who identified insects as a problem, the highest proportion of
respondents (n=268, 79.1%) indicated that they had a problem with ants, 62 (18.3%)
named whiteflies, 60 (17.7%) named spiders, and 25 (7.4%) cockroaches. Other
responses included crickets, wasps, aphids, termites and flies.
Snails and Slugs
Of the 516 valid responses, 210 respondents (40.7%) indicated that they
considered either snails or slugs to be a major outdoor problem.

21

Animals
On this item, 516 of the 519 respondents who were asked were able to provide a
response. Of the 516 valid responses, 126 (24.4%) indicated that they had a problem
with animals, such as birds, rabbits, squirrels, gophers, or deer. Of these, 60 respondents
(47.6%) indicated that they had a problem with birds, 29 (23.0%) with rodents, 22
(17.5%) with rabbits, 18 (14.3%) indicated they considered gophers to be a major outdoor
pest problem, and 17 (13.5%) identified opossums in this regard. Other responses
included raccoons, squirrels, and coyotes.
Plant Diseases
Of the 507 valid responses, 104 respondents (20.5%) indicated that plant diseases
are a major outdoor problem. Thirty-three respondents (31.7%) misidentified Giant
Whitefly filaments as a plant disease, 32 respondents (30.8%) listed mildew or mold.
Other responses included black spots, other insects misidentified as diseases, and
miscellaneous diseases. Five respondents (4.8%) were unable to identify the diseases.
Weeds
Of the 519 respondents who were asked this question, 79 (15.2%) indicated that
weeds are a major outdoor problem, 432 (83.2%) said they were not, and eight (1.5%) did
not respond. When asked to specify, the majority of respondents (N=45, 57.0%) were
unable to identify the type of weed or grass they considered to be problematic. Of those
that could identify the plant, 19 (24.0%) replied that dandelions were a problem around
their residence. Other responses included crab grass, Bermuda grass, and clover.
Outdoor Pest Problems and Type and Ownership of Residence
Residence Type/ Ownership was not significantly related to whether respondents
reported insects, weeds, plant diseases, or animals to be a major outdoor problem.
However, Residence Type/ Ownership was significantly related to whether snails or slugs
were considered to be a major outdoor pest problem. As depicted in Table 16,
approximately 47% of the respondents who either own a single family home (47.8%) or
rent an attached home (47.6%) indicated that they consider snails or slugs to be a major
outdoor problem. This decreases to 18 (32.1%) of the residents who own an attached
home, 14 (27.5%) who rent a single family detached home, and five (19.2%) respondents
that rent an apartment and reported snails or slugs to be a problem.

22

Table 16
Residence Type/ Ownership
Own a single family detached home
Own an attached home
Rent a single family detached home
Rent an attached home
Rent an apartment

Proportion Reporting Snails or
Slugs to be a Major Problem?
162
(47.8)
18
(32.1%)
14
(27.5%)
10
(47.6%)
5
(19.2%)

p. < .01
2.2

PEST CONTROL PRODUCT USE WITHIN THE PAST SIX MONTHS

Of the 397 residents asked, 309 (78.0%) reported that they had used a pest control
product at their residence within the past six months, 87 (22.0%) had not. One resident
refused to answer the question. The 309 who had used a product within the past six
months were asked to indicate how many different products they had used. Of the 306
respondents who could answer the question, almost one-half (n=147, 48.0%) indicated
that they had used only one product. One hundred and six (34.6%) had used two, 42
(13.7%) had used three, nine (2.9%) had used four products, one respondent reported
having used five products, and one used six different products. Thus, 306 survey
respondents used a total of 532 products, but computation of the smaller number of
unique products used depended upon subsequent questions.
Pest Control Product Use
The 306 survey respondents who were able to identify the number of different
products they had used during the past six months were asked for the name of the
product, what they used the product to control, the form of the product they used, and
where they purchased it.
Pest Control Product Name
Respondents were asked to provide the name of each different product that they
had used during the past six months. If respondents named more than one product,
multiple responses were tallied. The total number of products named by respondents is
532; however, the eleven most frequently named products account for 67% of all
responses. These results are depicted in Table 17 below. Note that “unknown” is the
most frequent response, followed by a form of Raid. Percentages are computed based
upon the total of 532 products used by survey respondents.

23

Table 17
Product Name
Unknown
Raid, Unknown formulation
Diazinon, Unknown brand
Snail Control, Unknown brand
Ortho Brand, Unknown product
Ant Spray, Unknown brand
Unknown Insecticide
Malathion, Unknown brand
Black Flag, Unknown formulation
Insecticidal Soap
Raid Ant and Roach Spray

Frequency
87
80
47
29
24
18
18
16
15
12
10

Percent
16.3%
15.0%
8.8%
5.4%
4.5%
3.4%
3.4%
3.0%
2.8%
2.2%
1.9%

Active Chemical Ingredient in Pest Control Products
The principal investigator matched the active chemical ingredient to the products
named by survey respondents. But since much of this information was incomplete, the
majority of the products (52.6%) could not be classified according to the active chemical
ingredient in the products they used. Again, percentages are computed based on the 532
products named by respondents. Only the seven most frequent responses are reported in
Table 18 below. These seven most frequent ingredients account for approximately 83%
of the total.
Table 18
Active Chemical Ingredient
Unknown
Diazinon
Metaldehyde
Chlorpyrifos
Malathion
Allethrin & Tralomethrin
Oil

Frequency
281
56
44
22
16
16
7

Percent
52.8%
10.5%
8.3%
4.1%
3.0%
3.0%
1.3%

Target of the Pest Control Product
Almost one-half (47.7%) of the products used by survey respondents during the
past six months were used to eliminate ants, followed by 70 (13.1%) products used for
snails or slugs. Table 19 on the next page details the nine most frequent pests targeted,
accounting for 90% of all responses.

24

Table 19
Use of Pest Control Products
Ants
Snails or Slugs
Insects – Not known or not specified
Cockroaches
Hornets or Wasps
Spiders
Weeds
Aphids
Rodents

Frequency
254
70
38
29
27
20
18
14
11

Percent
47.7%
13.1%
7.1%
5.5%
5.1%
3.8%
3.4%
2.6%
2.1%

Product Form
Table 20 below details the form of the 532 products used by survey residents
during the past six months. Just over one-half (50.4%) of the products were ready-to-use
sprays, 126 (23.7%) were concentrated sprays. The “other” responses were live snails
that kill brown snails, an ant trap, ant bait, a kind of gel, and stakes that are placed in the
ground.
Table 20
Product Form
Ready-to-use spray (includes aerosols)
Concentrated spray
Dry granule
Other
Don’t Know or Refused
Total

Frequency
268
126
104
5
29
532

Percent
50.4%
23.7%
19.5%
.9%
5.5%
100.0%

Product Point of Sale: Store Type
As depicted in Table 21 on the next page, respondents indicted that they had
purchased 293 (55.1%) of the products at large home supply stores (such as Home
Depot). Ninety-six (18.0%) of the products were purchased at a grocery or drug store, 43
(8.1%) at a nursery, 37 (6.9%) at a hardware store, and 26 (4.9%) at a discount
department store (such as Target).

25

Table 21
Point of Pest Control Product Sale
Large Home Supply Store
Grocery or Drug Store
Nursery
Hardware Store
Discount Department Store
By Catalog or Internet
Other
Don’t Know
Total

Frequency
293
96
43
37
26
1
7
29
532

Percent
55.1%
18.0%
8.1%
6.9%
4.9%
.2%
1.3%
5.5%
100.0%

Respondents also indicated that they made their purchases at Petco, Trader Joe’s,
a discount supply store, in Mexico, and a few respondents indicated that the products had
been given to them.
Product Point of Sale: Store Name
For each store type detailed in Table 21 above, respondents were asked to provide
the store name where their purchase was made. Survey respondents named
approximately 36 different stores. Table 22 below details the nine most frequent
responses, which account for approximately 84% of all stores identified. Almost one-half
(49.2%) of the products used during the past six months had been purchased at Home
Depot, with an additional 45 (8.5%) of the products purchased at Home Base.
Table 22
Name of Store
Home Depot
Home Base
Ralphs
Ace Hardware
Armstrong
Vons
Target
Albertson’s
Stater Brothers

Frequency
262
45
38
34
20
14
13
11
11

Percent
49.2%
8.5%
7.1%
6.4%
3.8%
2.6%
2.4%
2.1%
2.1%

How Often People Apply Pest Control Products
The 397 respondents that apply pest control products at home were asked about
the total number of times per year that they apply any of the pest control products that
they use. Sixteen respondents either refused to answer or indicated that they did not
know. The graph below depicts the distribution of the 381 valid responses.

26

T o ta l num be r o f tim e s o utdo o r pe s t c o ntro l pro duc ts a re a pplie d
33.1%
35.0%

30.0%

2 5.2 %

25.0%

20.0%

1 5.5 %
1 3.9 %

15.0%

12.3%

10.0%

5.0%

0.0%
Less than one time
per year

O ne to three times
per year

F our to six times p er
year

S even to 12 times
p er year

M o re than 12 times
p er year

Approximately one-third (33.1%) of respondents reported applying products
between one and three times per year, followed by 96 (25.2%) that apply products
between four and six times per year. Fifty-three (13.9%) report applying products more
than 12 times per year.
As illustrated by the figure on the follow page, the largest proportion (33.6%) of
those that speak Spanish at home apply products less than one time per year; while the
corresponding proportion of those that speak English at home in this category (9.7%) is
considerably less. Conversely, the largest proportion (33.6%) of respondents that speak
English at home report applying products between one to three times per year. Although
the relationship between language spoken at home and the frequency of applying pest
control products is statistically significant, the results should be interpreted with great
caution because so few (n=27) respondents that speak Spanish at home could be used in
the analysis.
Appropriate use of the Pearson Chi-Square Test (χ2), requires that no more than
20% of the cells in the crosstabulation table have expected cell counts less than five. In
the analysis depicted by the figure below, 30% of the cells have expected counts less than
five. Because the assumption regarding expected cell counts is not met in this analysis,
and elsewhere in this report, where applicable, the Yates’ Correction (also known as the
Continuity Correction) has been calculated to adjust the significance level. Any analysis
that is reported to be statistically significant henceforth reflects this adjusted calculation.

27

Times per year products are applied and Primary language spoken at home

35.0%

33.3%

33.6%
27.0%

30.0%

20.0%
15.0%

22.2%

22.2%

25.0%

14.8%

15.8%

13.9%

English
Spanish

9.7%
7.4%

10.0%
5.0%
0.0%
Less than one
time per year

One to three
times per year

Four to six
times per year

Seven to 12
times per year

More than 12
times per year

Disposal of Outdoor Products Mixed With Water
Respondents were asked what they did with the leftover solution for outdoor
products that must be mixed with water prior to use. Of the 397 respondents, 212
(53.4%) indicated that they do not use products that must be mixed with water. Of those
that do, the largest proportion of respondents (34.8%) indicated that they only make
enough to use and that there is no mixture left over. Of the respondents who had leftover
product, 47 (26.8%) reported that they store it for later use. Table 23 on the following
page depicts all of the responses, with percentages computed based on 175 valid replies.
Since respondents could provide more than one answer, a total percentage is not
computed.

28

Table 23
Disposal of Outdoor Products Mixed with Water
Only make enough to use, there is none leftover
Store and use later
Reapply to same area until used up
Put in the trash
Pour on the lawn or in another garden area
Take to a hazardous waste disposal site
Pour down the drain or toilet inside the house
Pour down the drain outside your house
Pour in the street or gutter
Apply to other areas
Dilute mixture (respondent did not specify further)

61
(34.8%)
47
(26.8%)
30
(17.1%)
14
(8.0%)
13
(7.4%)
7
(4.0%)
6
(3.4%)
2
(1.1%)
2
(1.1%)
2
(1.1%)
1
(.6%)

Run-Off
One hundred ninety-four of the 392 (49.5%) respondents that provided an answer
indicated that water usually runs into the street and/or sidewalk when they water their
lawn or garden, while 198 (50.5%) indicated that it did not.
How Do You Choose What Pest Control Products to Use?
The 397 respondents involved with home application of pest control products
were read a list of criteria that they might use to determine which products to use. The
greatest proportion 69.0%) of respondents indicated that “what the product controls” was
a criterion on which they base their selection. This was followed by ease of application
(49.7%), safety (48.4%), and a recommendation from someone else (47.0%). The least
important factor in determining what product to buy was packaging. All of the responses
are presented in Table 24 on the next page. Percentages are computed based on 368 valid
responses. A total percent is not included since respondents could select more than one
answer.

29

Table 24
Choose Product Based On…
What it controls
Ease of application
Safety
Recommendation from someone else
How fast it works
Environmental concerns
Clearly written instructions
Cost
Already have at home
How long it will last
Active ingredient
Packaging
Other

256
(70.1%)
185
(50.7%)
180
(49.3%)
174
(47.7%)
158
(43.3%)
157
(43.0%)
146
(40.0%)
119
(32.6%)
116
(31.8%)
112
(30.7%)
84
(23.0%)
47
(12.9%)
15
(4.1%)

Other responses included safety for pets, brand name, past experience with a
product, and two respondents who indicated that the personnel they contract with decides
what to use.
When Did You Last Purchase a Pest Control Product?
Recall that this survey was conducted in the late summer, early fall of 2000.
Approximately 7% of the interviews were completed in August, 86% in September, and
7% in October. Of the 381 valid responses, 122 (32.0%) respondents reported purchasing
a pest control product “less than one month ago”. For most respondents, this points to a
purchase in August, 2000. For the 188 (49.3%) respondents who made their last
purchase “about six months ago”, this means a purchase between February and April,
2000, with the majority of survey respondents purchasing a product around March. The
graph on the following page depicts the “time of purchase” distribution of 381 valid
responses.

30

When did you last purchase a pest control product
49.3%
50.0%
45.0%
40.0%

32.0%

35.0%
30.0%
18.6%

25.0%
20.0%
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0%
Less than one month ago

About six months ago

About one year ago

Product Most Recently Purchased
Respondents were asked to provide the name of the product they had most
recently purchased. The fifteen most frequently named products, presented in Table 25
below and on the following page, account for approximately 81% of all of the products
named by survey respondents. Percentages are computed based on 397 responses.

31

Table 25
Product Name
Raid, Unknown formulation
Unknown
Ortho Brand, Unknown product
Diazinon, Unknown brand
Snail Control, Unknown brand
Unknown Insecticide
Ant Spray, Unknown brand
Black Flag, Unknown formulation
Spectracide, Unknown product
Malathion, Unknown brand
Dursban, Unknown brand
Grants Ant Stakes
Round Up
Raid Ant and Roach Spray
Non-chemical control
Total

Frequency
83
49
34
30
22
22
17
12
12
10
8
7
6
6
6
324

Percent
20.9%
12.3%
8.6%
7.6%
5.5%
5.5%
4.3%
3.0%
3.0%
2.5%
2.0%
1.8%
1.5%
1.5%
1.5%
81.5%

Active Chemical Ingredient in Most Recently Purchased Pest Control Product
Again, using information provided by the principal investigator, the active
chemical ingredient of each pest control product was identified where possible. As with
results presented previously, over one-half (60.5%) of the chemical ingredients could not
be identified, since respondents were not able to provide complete information for the
product they had last purchased. Percentages are computed based on 397 responses. The
seven most frequent ingredients are reported in the table below.
Table 26
Active Chemical Ingredient
Unknown
Diazinon
Metaldehyde
Chlorpyrifos
Allethrin & Tralomethrin
Malathion
Arsenic Trioxide
Bifenthrin
Glyphosate
Non Chemical Control
Total

Frequency
240
34
30
16
13
11
7
7
6
6
370

Percent
60.5%
8.6%
7.6%
4.0%
3.3%
2.8%
1.8%
1.8%
1.5%
1.5%
93.4%

32

What Pest or Pests Did You Need to Control With This Product?
Respondents could identify up to three pests they intended to control with the
most recent product they purchased. Of the 397 survey respondents asked, 384
respondents were able to name the pest or pests they needed to control; these respondents
named 467 pests (insects, animals, weeds and plant diseases). As illustrated by Table 27
on the following page, 211 (45.2%) of the products had been used for ants, 51 (10.9%)
products were used to control snails or slugs, 29 (6.2%) for whiteflies, 27 (5.8%) for
cockroaches, and 23 (4.9%) for hornets or wasps. The thirteen most frequent responses,
presented below, account for 89% of the total. Percentages are computed based on the
467 pests identified.
Table 27
What did you use the product for
Ants
Snails or Slugs
Whiteflies
Cockroaches
Hornets or Wasps
Spiders
Weeds
Insects – Not known or not specified
Aphids
Rodents
Fleas
Flies
Termites

Frequency
211
51
29
27
23
15
13
10
10
9
7
7
6

Percent
45.2%
10.9%
6.2%
5.8%
4.9%
3.2%
2.8%
2.1%
2.1%
1.9%
1.5%
1.5%
1.3%

What Do People Read on a Pest Control Product Label?
The 397 survey respondents that apply pest control products at their residence
were read a list of items and asked, “Which of these do you read or look at on a pest
control product label before buying it?” The highest proportion (82.3%) of respondents
indicated that they read or look at the list of pests the product controls, the lowest
proportion of respondents look at “what the ingredients are” (30.8%) and “disposal
information” (29.1%). Table 28 on the next page details the information on the label read
for 367 valid responses.

33

Table 28
Read or Look at on a Label
List of pests it controls
How to apply
Safety information
Picture of the pest
How much to use
When to treat
What the ingredients are
Disposal information
Other

302
(82.3%)
187
(50.9%)
181
(49.3%)
176
(47.9%)
163
(44.4%)
150
(40.9%)
113
(30.8%)
107
(29.1%)
7
(1.9%)

Other responses included looking for a brand name or a familiar name,
environmental concerns, and price.
What Do People Read on a Product Label and Language Spoken at Home
The figure on the following page illustrates the statistically significant
associations between what respondents look at on a label before purchasing a pest control
product and the language spoken at home. Over three-quarters (78.5%) of English
speakers indicated that they read the list of pests a product purportedly controls,
compared to 56.3% of the respondents who speak Spanish in their homes. Only two
(6.3%) of the 32 Spanish speakers who answered both questions indicated that they read
the disposal information, compared to 28% of the English speakers.

34

What respondents read or look at on label by language spoken at home
78.5%
80.0%
70.0%
56.3%

60.0%

English
Spanish
43.1%

50.0%
40.0%

39.8%

31.0%

28.0%

30.0%

21.9%

20.0%
6.3%

10.0%

21.9%

9.4%

0.0%
List of pests it
controls**

* p.<.05

Disposal
information*

What the
How much to
ingredients are*
use*

When to treat*

** p.<.01

How Do You Decide How Much of The Product to Use?
Of the 388 valid responses, the largest proportion of respondents (N=240, 61.9%)
indicated that they “read and follow all directions on the container” when deciding how
much of a product to use. Seventy-seven (19.8%) indicated that they “don’t read the
directions, they use experience or best estimate”, and 66 (17.0%) indicated that they
“read directions on the container and use them as guidelines.”
Respondents were also asked if they “measure out” or “estimate” the amount of
pest control product to spray or apply. Of the 375 responses, 144 (38.4%) indicated that
they measure the amount to be used, while 231 (61.6%) estimate.
How Do You Decide How Much to Use by Language Spoken at Home
As depicted by the figure on the following page, 12 (41.4%) of respondents who
speak Spanish in their households indicated that they use experience or their best estimate
when they apply pest control products, compared to 59 (17.9%) of those that speak
English at home. These results of the analysis between language spoken at home and
how respondents decide how much pest control product to use are statistically significant,
although again, the number of Spanish speaking persons in this analysis is small so the
result must be interpreted with caution.

35

How do you decide how much of the product to use (row) by Primary language spoken at
home (column)

70.0%

63.5%
55.2%

English

60.0%

Spanish
41.4%

50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
18.5%

17.9%

20.0%
3.4%

10.0%
0.0%
Read and follow all
directions on the
container

Read directions and use Don't read directions;
them as guidelines
use experience or best
estimate

Where Do You Get Your Pest Control Information?
Respondents were asked to specify where they receive pest control information.
Respondents answered this open-ended question without prompts of any kind. As
illustrated by Table 29 on the following page, the largest proportion (38.4%) indicated
that they receive their pest control information from the labels of the products that they
purchase. The second most frequent answer was that this information is obtained from
store employees (23.5%), followed by word of mouth (17.5%), and advertisements
(12.2%). Seventeen respondents were not able to provide a response and two
respondents refused to answer the question. The percentages below are based on 378
valid responses. A total percent is not provided since respondents could select more than
one response.

36

Table 29
Source of information
Product label
Employee at the store where
purchased
Word of mouth
Advertisements
Posters at the store where
purchased
Newspaper article
Magazine article
Tear sheets at the store where
purchased
Other method at the store where
purchased
Experience
Garden Fairs or Shows
Internet article
Gardener/ Nursery/ Other store
Classes
Gardening books or magazines
Professional exterminators
University of California Farm
Advisor
University of California Master
Gardener
TV Programs

145
(38.4%)
89
(23.5%)
66
(17.5%)
46
(12.2%)
41
(10.8%)
34
(9.0%)
29
(7.7%)
21
(5.6%)
18
(4.8%)
17
(4.5%)
14
(3.7%)
11
(2.9%)
11
(2.9%)
6
(1.6%)
6
(1.6%)
6
(1.6%)
3
(.8%)
3
(.8%)
3
(.8%)

37

Sources of Advertised Information
The 46 respondents that indicated that they receive information from
advertisements were asked to specify the source of the advertisements that they had heard
or seen. The table below depicts these results. Again, respondents could select more
than one category so a total percentage is not provided.
Table 30
Source of Advertisements
TV
Magazines
Newspaper
Internet
Radio
Store displays
Other (Word of mouth, junk
mail/ flyers)

28
(65.1%)
16
(37.2%)
14
(32.6%)
5
(11.6%)
4
(9.3%)
2
(4.6%)
2
(4.6)

Where Do You Get Your Pest Control Information by Language Spoken?
Table 31 below illustrates only the statistically significant relationships between
pest control information source and language spoken at home. More than twice the
proportion of English speakers than Spanish speakers indicated that they receive pest
control information from the labels of the products they purchase. Conversely, almost
twice the proportion (40.6%) of Spanish speakers indicated that they get their information
from an employee at the store where the product is purchased. In the last item of the
table, “Advertisements” the Yates’ Correction was calculated to account for one cell with
an expected cell count less than five.
Table 31
Information Source
Product Label*
Employee at the store where
purchased**
Advertisements**

Primary Language Spoken at Home
English
Spanish
130
5
(38.3%)
(15.6%)
69
13
(20.4%)
(40.6%)
36
9
(10.6%)
(28.1%)

* p. < .05 ** p. < .01

38

Disposal of Pest Control Products
Respondents that apply pest control products at home were asked how they
usually dispose of products that they no longer use. Respondents were read a list of six
options and asked to select the one that best described their usual disposal practices. An
opportunity for respondents to provide an “other” response was also provided. The items
that were read to survey respondents are marked with a caret (^) in Table 32, below.
Items without a caret were volunteered as “other” responses.
Over one-half (54.5%) of the respondents indicated that they dispose of unused
pest control products by throwing them in the trash. Less than one fifth (18.1%)
indicated that they take them to a disposal site. A number of responses were not
precisely consistent with the question, for instance, some persons reported that they use
the entire product (8.5%), store it (3.8%), or store it for later use (3.8%). It is difficult to
determine the extent to which the social desirability of a “correct” response (taking a
product to a hazardous waste disposal site), and the social undesirability of an “incorrect”
response (pouring leftover product in the gutter) influenced these results. Twenty-six
survey respondents had no response and six refused to answer the question. Percentages
are computed based on the 365 valid replies.
Table 32
^Put in trash
^Take to a hazardous waste disposal
Use it all
Store
Store and use later
^Pour in drain or toilet inside home
Only make enough to use
Follow directions on label
^Pour down drain outside home
^Give Away
Put containers in recycle bin
^Pour in the gutter or street
Use it on soil only
Other
Total

Frequency
199
66
31
14
14
8
8
7
5
4
3
2
2
2
365

Percent
54.5%
18.1%
8.5%
3.8%
3.8%
2.2%
2.2%
1.9%
1.4%
1.1%
.8%
.5%
.5%
.5%
100.0%

How Many Different Pest Control Products Are Stored in Your Home?
Of the 393 respondents who were able to provide an answer, 37 (9.4%) indicated
that no products are currently stored in their home, 317 (80.7%) have between one and
five products stored in their home, 28 (7.1%) have between six and ten and 11 (2.8%)
have more than ten. The graph on the following page depicts these results.

39

About how many different pest control products are stored in your home?

80.7%

90.0%
80.0%
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%

9.4%
7.1%

2.8%

10.0%
0.0%
None

One to Five

Six to Ten

More than Ten

Age of Oldest Pest Control Product
If a respondent had at least one product in their home, or if they did not know or
refused to provide this information, they were asked to provide the age of the oldest
product that they have. The 37 respondents who indicated that they did not have any pest
control products in their home were not asked this question. The graph below presents
the information for the 305 respondents, of the 360 that were asked, who provided a
response.
About how old is the oldest pest control product you have?

80.0%

71.1%

70.0%

60.0%

50.0%

40.0%

30.0%
13.4%

20.0%

10.0%

10.2%
5.2%

0.0%
Less than one year

Older than one year

Older than three years

Older than five years

40

The highest proportion of respondents (N=217, 71.1%) replied that the oldest
product was older than one year, 31 (10.2%) reported products older than 3 years, and 41
(13.4%) older than five years. Sixteen respondents (5.2%) said that the oldest product in
their home was less than one year old.
Number of Products Stored in Your Home and Age of Oldest Product
As illustrated by Table 33, approximately 76% of the respondents who have
between one and five different products stored in their homes indicated that the oldest
product was “older than one year.” Of the respondents with six or more different
products at home, approximately 44% reported that the oldest product is “older than five
years”. These results are statistically significant, adjusted using Yates’ Correction.
Table 33 How Old is the Oldest Product Stored in your Home (row) by Number of
Different Products Stored in your Home (column)

Older than one year
Older than three years
Older than five years
Less than one year old
Total

1-5
205
(76.2%)
25
(9.3%)
25
(9.3%)
14
(5.2%)
269
(100.0%)

6-10
9
(33.3%)
5
(18.5%)
12
(44.4%)
1
(3.7%)
27
(100.0%)

More than 10
3
(33.3%)
1
(11.1%)
4
(44.4%)
1
(11.1%)
9
(100.0%)

p. < .001
Name of Oldest Product Stored in Home
Of the 360 respondents asked to provide the name of the oldest product that they
had in their homes, 83 (23.1%) replied, “Raid”. Eighty-two (22.8%) could not name the
oldest product in their home. Unless a product was named by at least four respondents,
the results are not included in Table 34. However, the 309 products listed account for
85.8% of the total. Percentages are computed based on 360 respondents.

41

Table 34
Product Name
Raid, Unknown formulation
Unknown
Ortho Brand, Unknown product
Diazinon, Unknown brand
Ant Spray, Unknown brand
Unknown Insecticide
Black Flag, Unknown formulation
Snail Control, Unknown brand
Malathion, Unknown brand
Spectracide, Unknown product
Dursban, Unknown brand
Ortho brand Ant spray
Total

Frequency
83
82
32
26
22
17
14
10
8
7
4
4
309

Percent
23.1%
22.8%
8.9%
7.2%
6.1%
4.7%
3.9%
2.8%
2.2%
1.9%
1.1%
1.1%
85.8%

Name and Age of Oldest Product Stored in Home
As indicated by Table 35 on the following page, 49 (29.2%) of the respondents
that reported that the oldest product in their home was “older than one year”, reported
that the product was Raid, although they did not specify or did not know what type. Of
the respondents with a product “older than three years” or “older than five years” that
were able to specify the product, five (19.2%) and seven (20.0%), respectively, also
indicated that it was Raid. These results are statistically significant, adjusted using
Yates’ Correction.

42

Table 35 Name of the Product (row) by Age of the Oldest Product Stored in Your Home
(column)
Older than
one year
Unknown
34
(20.2%)
Raid, unknown
49
formulation
(29.2%)
Ant spray, unknown
18
brand
(10.7%)
Black Flag, unknown
12
formulation
(7.1%)
Diazinon, unknown
20
brand
(11.9%)
Ortho brand, unknown
20
product
(11.9%)
Snail Control, unknown
6
brand
(3.6%)
Unknown insecticide
9
(5.4%)
Total
168
(100.0%)
p. < .05
3.0

Older than
three years
12
(46.2%)
5
(19.2%)
0
(%)
1
(3.8%)
2
(7.7%)
2
(7.7%)
0
(%)
4
(15.4%)
26
(100.0%)

Older than five
years
16
(45.7%)
7
(20.0%)
2
(5.7%)
1
(2.9%)
0
(%)
2
(5.7%)
3
(8.6%)
4
(11.4%)
35
(100.0%)

PESTICIDE USE: INDOOR PEST CONTROL

All 1,424 respondents, regardless of who at their residence applies outdoor
products, were asked who is responsible for indoor pest control at their residence. Of the
1,391 who answered the question, 349 (25.1%) indicated that indoor pest control
products were not applied in their household. Over one-half (56.2%) of survey
respondents indicated that either themselves or someone else in their household was
responsible for indoor pest control. This was followed by 221 (15.9%) respondents who
indicated that a commercial company, apartment complex or homeowners association
applies pest control products. Table 36 on the following page details these results.

43

Table 36
Who applies indoor products
Yourself or another member of household
Commercial Co., Apt. Complex, or
Homeowners Assoc.
No indoor pest control products are applied
Contracted company
Other
Total

Frequency
782
221

Percent
56.2%
15.9%

349
20
19
1391

25.1%
1.4%
1.3%
100.0%

Other responses include homeowner, landlord or manager, the respondent and an
association or apartment complex, and housekeeper.
Disposal of Indoor Products Mixed With Water
All respondents were asked how they dispose of indoor pest control products that
must be mixed with water. Most of the respondents (n=1196, 84.0%) indicated that they
do not use products mixed with water. An additional 110 (7.7%) either did not know or
refused to answer, and three respondents said they did not have a problem with indoor
pest control. The remaining responses are illustrated in Table 37 on the following page.
Percentages are computed based on the 115 valid responses.
Table 37
Disposal of Indoor Products Mixed with Water
Store and use later
Put in the trash
Pour down the drain or toilet inside the house
Not responsible for disposal
Uses it all, nothing leftover
Take to a hazardous waste disposal site
Pour on the lawn or in another garden area
Only make enough to use, there is none leftover
Pour down the drain outside your house
Pour in the gutter or street

49
(42.6%)
32
(27.8%)
21
(18.3%)
14
(12.2%)
11
(9.6%)
9
(7.8%)
8
(7.0%)
6
(5.2%)
3
(2.6%)
1
(.9%)
44

4.0

PEST CONTROL PRODUCT DISPOSAL
Do Respondents Know the Location of a Waste Disposal Site?

All respondents were asked, “Do you happen to know where the hazardous
household waste disposal site near you is located?” Of the 1409 that responded, 301
(21.4%) replied that they did, 1,108 (78.6%) did not.
Disposal of Pest Control Products and Knowledge of Disposal Site
Only those respondents classified as “home application” were asked how they
usually dispose of pest control products that they no longer use (see Table 33 on page
38). Table 38 on the following page depicts the number and proportion of residents that
indicated that they do or do not know where a disposal site is located cross-tabulated with
how they usually dispose of pest control products that they no longer use. As depicted in
Table 38, 34 (25.2%) of the respondents who know where a disposal site is located
indicated that they dispose of products they no longer use by throwing them in the trash.
Seven of the 66 respondents (10.6%) that indicated that they take their products to a
disposal site indicated later in the survey that they did not know the location of a disposal
site. The results are statistically significant, adjusted using Yates’ correction. As
previously described, the items that were read to survey respondents are marked with a
caret (^)

45

Table 38 “How do you usually dispose of pest control products you no longer use” (row)
by “Do you know where a hazardous waste disposal site near you is located” (column)
Yes
No
^Put in trash
34
163
(25.2%)
(71.5%)
^Take to a hazardous waste disposal
59
7
site
(43.7%)
(3.1%)
Use it all
16
15
(11.9%)
(6.6%)
Store/ Store and use later
9
19
(6.7%)
(8.3%)
^Pour in drain or toilet inside home
3
5
(2.2%)
(2.2%)
Only make enough to use
3
5
(2.2%)
(2.2%)
Follow directions on label
2
5
(1.5%)
(2.2%)
^Pour down drain outside home
3
2
(2.2%)
(.9%)
^Give Away
4
0
(3.0%)
(0%)
Put containers in recycle bin
0
3
(0%)
(1.3%)
^Pour in the gutter or street
2
0
(1.5%)
(0%)
Use it on soil only
0
2
(0%)
(.9%)
Other
0
2
(0%)
(.9%)
Total
135
228
(100.0%)
(100.0%)
**P. < .01
^ Choices that were read to survey respondents
C. Conclusions
Ants reined as the primary reason that a resident would apply a pest control
product. Interestingly, snail and slugs were also rank as one of the types of pest that a
person would most likely apply a pest control product.
Residents who owned a single family home were most likely to apply outdoor
pest control products themselves. Other home ownership/type of dwelling combinations
were more likely to not apply and outdoor pest control product or else a contracted
company would take care of those pest control needs.
Home Depot was reported at the primary point of purchase for pest control
products. Other types of stores included grocery and drug stores, and hardware store.
Nurseries were not a major retailer for pest control products.
46

Pesticides were applied often and were kept on hand for that purpose.
Approximately one-third of respondents reported applying products between one and
three times per year, followed by 25.2% who apply products between four and six times
per year. 13.9% report applying products more than 12 times per year. The highest
proportion of respondents (71.1%) had at least one pest control product at their residence
that was between 1 and 3 years old. Only 5.2% said that the oldest product in their home
was less than one year old.
For the most part, persons who applied pest control products did not follow the
label directions of calculating the correct amount of the product to use. While 61.9% of
the respondents indicated that they “read and follow all directions on the container” when
deciding how much of a product to use. However, only 38.4% indicated that they
actually measure the amount to be used, while 61.6% estimated. It is not clear for the
responses whether the respondents considered the measurement as part of the directions.
In fact, they may interrupt the directions very broadly to mean only how (sprayer,
spreader, etc.) and where to apply. However, most respondents did not use outdoor pest
control products that needed to be mixed with water (53.4%).
The label was used by consumers to determine which pests the product controlled.
They rarely read what the active ingredients were. In fact, that was the least important
factor in determining which product to purchase. Another source of information used
primarily by people whose first language was not English was the store employee. This
may be due to the fact that most written information provided is in English.
Disposal of products appears to be problematic. Over one-half (54.5%) of the
respondents indicated that they dispose of unused pest control products by throwing them
in the trash. Less than one fifth (18.1%) indicated that they take them to a disposal site.
This corresponds to the fact that the majority of the respondents did not know the
location of a household waste disposal site.
D. Recommendations
Residents in this watershed primarily want to control ants and terrestrial mollusks
(snails and slugs). Reduction of pesticide use for these pests would result in a significant
overall pesticide reduction. Therefore, promotion of alternatives such as baits and
sanitation for ants and habitat modification or use of reduced risk pesticides for mollusks
should be encouraged. Additionally, an increase in the awareness of proper disposal of
older or unused products would be beneficial to reduce the use of those products which
may be environmentally problematic. Finally, improvement of the product labeling to
include text in Spanish and highlight proper mixing directions would be beneficial.
Alternatively, products may be sold in smaller packages such as “by the 100 square foot”
and/or only as ready to use formulations to help mitigate problems caused by overapplication or wrong concentration.

47

III. In-Store and Sales Survey
A.

ASSIGNMENT

Locally and throughout the county, recent urban run-off, pesticide use, and water
quality issues have generated interest in how the sales and use of pesticides relate to
water quality in urban settings. While it is recognized that most pesticides used for in the
home are purchased in a retail setting, little more specific qualitative or quantitative data
have been available. This study complements the telephone survey examining residential
pesticide use in the San Diego Creek Watershed. Its focus is to examine the quantity and
type of pesticides sold at the retail level as well as corresponding consumer and store
attitudes.
In order to address both the quantitative and qualitative perspectives, it was two
components were built into the study. The study was initiated in December 2000 and
continued through August 2001. In order to capture data for an entire year, any
quantitative data gathered was based on the previous year’s sales cycle (January December 2000). The qualitative findings were based on field observations and phone
calls that occurred between February and April, 2001. All findings were also
supplemented with field and other checks performed in June and July, 2001.
The primary focus (quantitative) of the study was to gather and review sales data
from the stores located within the watershed boundaries (approximately 150 stores).
Using this information from a sample of stores and through the use of the Department of
Pesticide Regulation’s Pesticide Label Database we could then estimate quantities of
actual active ingredients purchased by residential consumers. A sample of stores was
selected from within the total store population to qualitatively evaluate trends that might
enrich and complement strictly quantitative findings.
B.

METHODOLOGY

The San Diego Creek Watershed, as defined on USGS maps, encompasses
approximately 154 square miles and includes the cities of Costa Mesa, Irvine, Laguna
Woods, Lake Forest/Foothill Ranch, Newport Beach, Orange, Santa Ana and Tustin. The
survey was designed to address multiple retail channels located within the area. The
channels identified ranged from large home supply, discount department stores, grocery
and/or drug stores to hardware stores and nurseries. In total, approximately 150 stores
representing six (6) retail channels were surveyed.
•
•
•
•
•
•

Nursery
Grocery
Drug
Hardware
Discount Department
Large Home Supply

48

This portion of the project was initiated in December 2000 after initial results of
the residential use survey performed by California State University, Fullerton (CSUF)
were summarized. During the early project phase, survey design schedules were
established. During this program development period, six sets of store “pairs” were also
identified. Pairs of stores were intentionally selected to help capture and compare some
of this geographic and demographic variation within the watershed. Each pair consisted
on one type of store (i.e., two grocery stores, two home supply stores and two nurseries)
but each member of the pair was located in a different city. Care was taken to make sure
that members of each of the six store pairs represented non-adjacent cities. Consideration
was also given to incorporate coastal and non-coastal; ethnically diverse and more
homogenous; as well as recently developed and established communities in the selection.
Store pairs selected are listed below. To assure confidentiality, store names are not used
in this report.
Table 39 - Pairs by Store Type and City
Pair
1
2
3
4
5
6

Store Type
Nursery
Grocery
Drug Store
Hardware
Discount Department
Home Supply

City
Laguna Hills
Newport Beach
Corona del Mar
Irvine
Irvine
Santa Ana

City
Costa Mesa
El Toro
Foothill Ranch
Lake Forest
Santa Ana
Orange

The stores were visited between the end of January and March, 2001. Initial
inquiry to some stores for quantitative data was made as early as December 2000. In
addition to store visits, supplemental research via Internet, phone and review of pertinent
earlier survey data also took place. To assist in gathering qualitative data, a form was
developed to note the number and range of pesticide products offered by manufacturer as
well as formulation and size. A copy of the form is included in the Appendix.
A limitation to this portion of the study is that pesticide use and sales vary
seasonally and this seasonal factor may reflect a source or error for this study. Most of
this study, due to project schedules, occurred during a relatively slow period for pesticide
sales. As a result, there were fewer interactions with customers and in some cases, less
shelf space devoted to pesticides.
Starting as early as late December and extending through August 2001, retailers
were contacted either by letter, phone, site visit or some combination of methods

49

C. RESULTS
1.0 Quantitative: Overall Retail Data
As established in the Residential Pesticide Use Telephone Survey, and correlated
by zip code to the watershed boundaries for the study, approximately 150 stores sell
pesticides to consumers for home use in the San Diego Creek Watershed. These stores
fall into one of six types of retail channels. For quantitative data, all stores were contacted
either in person, by letter, by phone, via e-mail or, more frequently, by some combination
of these. To supplement these efforts, we also explored the purchase of data from
national market research companies. Samples of the initial contact letter to stores and to
market research firms are included in the Appendix. After data was collected it was
matched to the DPR database of products and EPA numbers. These matches, correlated
to the quantities of product sold, were used to estimate pounds of active ingredients for
the sample of stores that provided sales data and then used to extrapolate sales of by
active ingredient for the entire watershed.
Data Collection
Collecting actual store sales data was difficult. Smaller, locally controlled stores
were more likely to share their sales data. However, we found that they were somewhat
casual in tracking sales. In contrast, the larger stores with national sales, which have
sophisticated systems to track sales information, were unwilling to share it. Despite our
assurances of anonymity and that we were interested only in unit sales, not dollar value,
requests to these stores for data were denied based on competitive considerations. For
example, in December 2000 Home Depot, which represents 49% of all Points of
Purchase for pesticides, originally indicated that they would provide data for this study.
However, after eight months of discussions, including a formal letter to Home Depot
from the Department of Pesticide Regulation, the request was denied for “reasons of
competition” and no data was provided. Additionally, we contacted vendors that supply
pesticides to the retail outlets for their sales information and they also refused our
requests.
We then explored the option of purchasing national market research data. After
preliminary negotiations with several sources, it became evident that this approach would
be cost prohibitive. To overcome cost issues, we attempted to partner with the Herbicide
and Insecticide Branch, Biological and Economic Analysis Division of the U.S
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as they were also interested in acquiring this
data. Unfortunately, negotiation delays with data providers and data format questions
prevented this option from being exercised within this project schedule.
While we could not obtain sales data from the primary retail suppliers of home
use pesticides, sales data was successfully obtained from several sources. This included
six hardware stores and two nurseries. These findings represent 40% and 20%,
respectively, of all hardware stores and nurseries in the watershed. In terms of the 150
store total sample, the findings represent approximately 5% of the total sample.

50

Data Analysis
Data from hardware stores was provided electronically in MS Excel format but
data from the nurseries was not available only in paper form and was entered manually.
In all cases, a cross checking of data after it was supplied was required. Supplied product
names were incomplete or size information was missing. In general, retail stores track
products using in-house vendor codes. In contrast, the DPR database tracks products by
product name and EPA registration numbers. The DPR database does not recognize any
vendor codes, or even UPC numbers. Because product references in store data were often
incomplete and do not include specific physical formulation (e.g., ready to use, granule,
concentrate, formula II, ultra, plus) or size information (e.g., one pint, one quart, 32 oz., 5
lbs, etc.), one product reference could yield multiple DPR matches. Ultimately, only one
match could be correct. Typically, the only way to determine the “best match” was by
revisiting the stores and/or checking manufacturer web sites.
Once the product information was obtained, verified, and matched to the DPR
database, active ingredients were calculated in pounds. Active ingredient which are of
interest, either due to environmental considerations or high use based on sales sample
taken in the watershed are as follows:
Table 40. Pounds of Active Ingredients Based on Sales Sample: Findings Highlights

Active Ingredient

Total from Sample
(8 stores)
(lbs.)

Chlorpyrifos

106.46

Diazinon

1515.46

Metaldehyde

2947.95

Boric Acid

1038.75

Malathion

787.50

Carbaryl

537.03

Clarified Hydrophobic Extract of Neem Oil 9799.74
Petroleum Distillates, Refined

5557.5

Potash Soap

7493.96

Total pesticide sales data are detailed further in the Appendix.
According to sales data, chlorpyrifos and diazinon were did not account for a
substantial potion of pesticide sales in nurseries (Appendix F). In these stores, clarified
hydrophobic neem oil, petroleum distillates and potash soap were predominant active
ingredients in the products sold. However, these sales estimates from nurseries may be
low. We were unable to match approximately 20% of the products due to difficulties
incomplete information regarding product names, sizes, or formulations.
51

2.0 Qualitative- Selected Pairs Study
The attitudes and availability of knowledgeable staff as well as the nature of
products offered and awareness of customers varied considerably between the six store
types. Similarities within store types were strong. Often similarities driven by store type
superseded similarities due to location or community characteristics. A matrix
identifying stores by type, number of products merchandised, amount of floor space for
pesticides and leading products is included in Table 41.
Nurseries
The two nurseries visited were both established local businesses and not
associated with any major retail operations. One was an independent retailer and the other
was part of a local family of stores. All visits occurred in February, a period of fairly
cold and very wet weather, with limited pesticide sales activity. Both nurseries had a
good representation of lower health/environmental risk in addition to more traditional
choices. Products tended to be grouped by intended use (e.g., insecticides, herbicides,
rodenticides, fungicides).
Trained nursery professionals (California Certified
Nurseryman) were readily available. Some pesticide-related signage was posted and
handouts were available at the checkstand. Typically, these featured specials on products
and information on product applications. No non-English signage or handouts were
available. In both stores, store managers or owners were available to discuss staff
qualifications, training and comment on buying patterns. They reported that customers
are always encouraged to read labels and try other methods before selecting serious
chemical treatments.
Both stores have a regular customer base that is knowledgeable about what the
pest problem is and how to treat it. The Costa Mesa store customer base is culturally a
relatively homogenous group and fairly mature in age (i.e., 35-70). The Laguna Hills
store is frequented by a fairly ethnically diverse clientele and includes a mix of younger
and older customers. Best selling products in both nurseries tend to be the horticultural
oils and insecticidal soaps. Snail/slug and rose care products also sell well. In general,
customers express a preference for “more natural ” products. The stores, however,
continue to stock products such as diazinon and malathion because customers do request
them. Customers queried on these visits felt that the botanical-based products are safer.
A store staff person indicated that the trend has been for nurseries to shift to stocking
fewer pesticides and for those that are stocked, to be less toxic products.
Grocery
The two grocery stores visited were both part of the same regional chain. In both
cases the store managers on duty indicated that pesticides have a relatively low profile in
their overall product offering. As compared to other product categories, dedicated floor
space for pesticides was limited and store staff have little training or experience with
products. Product offerings are limited and dominated by one national brand (Raid).

52

Featured items tended to be ready to use ant, flea and roach sprays as well as mice and rat
bait formulations. Almost all pesticide products are stocked with the household and
cleaning products; the one or two lower health/environmental risk products are located in
the floral sections. Store managers indicated product selection is determined by which
manufacturers are willing to pay a premium for floor space. No product signage or
literature was available. Observed customer buying habits were casual. Purchase
decisions were based on “getting the same type that they always get” or “what they had a
coupon for.”
Drug
Two different major chains were visited. One, a smaller, recently remodeled
store, was located in an established beachfront community. The other was a larger and
newly constructed store in a still developing inland area. Compared to other product
offerings, pesticides in these drug stores seemed to take a secondary position in terms of
staff awareness, display visibility and dedicated floor space. Store staff have little
training or knowledge of products.
There was considerable difference in the size of the two drug stores and the
number of pesticides each had on display. At the small, beachfront store, pesticide
offerings were limited and somewhat difficult to find. They were found in the “seasonal
products” aisle. Topical applications such as those applied to repel mosquitoes, were the
major products. The larger store also has a fairly small pesticide section that was stocked
year-round, however, the display expands two to three times its size each year around the
end of February. The store manager indicated that this is done to provide space for
Christmas merchandise during the winter season when demand for pesticide products is
lower.
Hardware
The two stores visited were both part of the same national buying co-op. In
addition to being part of the same co-op, they also are under the same ownership. The
store is most frequented by women between the ages of 35 and 60.The number and types
of products as well as amount of floor space was similar between the stores and was
fairly extensive. The product offering in these stores was quite broad, incorporating a
range of ready to use sprays, concentrates, granular and bait formulations. The number
of non-pesticide control treatments or those considered less toxic was fairly limited and
was interspersed with more traditional, pesticides. Signage tended to be restricted to
listing product name and price and did not address when or how to use.
Store staff are not given nor are required to have any special pesticide use
training. In handling questions, the general policy is to advise customers to read
directions or, if time allows, read the directions with the customer. Staffing attitudes and
level of knowledge regarding pest control was quite different between the stores. Much
of this is a factor of simple variation in experience, personality, areas of interest and
training. One staff member interviewed had spent his entire life in the nursery business

53

and was very familiar with pesticides. He felt most of his customers are unaware for the
need to use caution with pesticides. He suggested that it would be very helpful to have
handouts on products to not only educate customers but also for staff reference and
orientation to the job.
Discount Department Stores
The two discount department stores visited were both in the same national chain.
One is located in a newer area of central Orange County, the other in a more mature area
of central Orange County. Based on in-store observations, customer base and employee
pool in both stores was ethnically diverse. Both stores were visited in February during
cold, wet weather. Activity in pesticide sections was limited. One store had almost all
products located outdoors. The other had a few products outdoors in the nursery area but
the bulk of products were indoors. No staff in either store was readily available to offer
assistance and those approached had little knowledge. When the cashier in the garden
section in one store was asked where the pesticides were the response was, “What’s
that?”
It appears that in this particular discount department store chain, pesticide sections
are usually placed near the back of the store. A fairly large number of products are
stocked. These are dominated by the Ortho label. Other manufacturers displayed
included Green Light, Bayer Advanced Garden and Garden Place, which appears to be
this store’s “exclusive” brand. Others include Bonide, Raid, Spectracide, Miracle Gro
and Schultz. “Soft” pesticides and concentrates were intermixed. No special signage or
handouts were offered.
Home Supply
The two stores visited were both part of the same large national chain. The
regional manager for nursery pesticides described one of the stores as the oldest that the
chain had in Orange County and was located in a very established community in north
Orange County. The other was located in a slightly less mature area in Central Orange
County. As observed by store traffic and staffing, the two stores were similar in terms of
the ethnic diversity of staff and customer base. Knowledgeable store staff was available
in both stores. An Area Manager for the chain said that the stores offer a class called
“Garden 101” periodically throughout the year for Garden Section employees. They also
encourage staff to get involved with the California Association of Nurserymen and
participate in their training programs.
As part of a corporate chain, both stores merchandise a store proprietary brand,
Real Kill. The Real Kill products are very prominently displayed; however, other brands
get equal or more floor space and are available in a broad array of ready-to-use,
concentrate, granular and bait formulations. According to the staff, Real Kill products
sell well but so do many of the national brands. Bayer Advanced Garden, in particular,
has been making a good push in the last year. Still in terms of shelf space, the most
prominent brand name is Ortho. Other manufacturer and products include Spectracide,

54

Hot Shot, Raid, Victor, Safer, D-con, Term-out, Grants, Schultz and Round Up.
According to sales people, best sellers vary by season with fairly consistent favorites
being Term Out and Bayer Advanced Garden Rose and Flower Care. Botanically based
blends were not highly visible. The Sun Ultra-Fine insecticidal product had been selling
well; however, due to a distribution issue will no longer be carried.
In addition to a better-informed and more available staff than most stores visited
(nurseries were the exception), this national chain displayed useful and educational
information. Examples include a sign explaining the difference between granulars,
concentrates and ready-to-use products. They also had a grid posted that showed the
various active ingredients (diazinon, Dursban, permethrin, malathion, Sevin) and what
pests they can be used for. Staff reports no special customer awareness/sensitivity to the
safe use of pesticides. Most customers “just want something to take care of the
problem.”
Overall
The “pairs” approach revealed some interesting trends in the sales of pesticides in
the San Diego Creek Watershed. Based on this study’s findings, similarities in stores
tended to be more a function of store type than store location and that there is a wide
variation in what the different store types stock.
The hardware, discount department, and home supply store pairs had the largest
and most diverse offering of products. These stores also had the largest representation of
products that could pose a higher health/environmental risk. Nurseries also had a full
range of products available but carried proportionally more of the reduced risk products.
Grocery stores had the smallest selection and tended to limit their product offerings to
ready to use insecticidal sprays and rodent bait formulations. The pattern in the drug
store pair was less apparent. One drug store had a small display similar to what was
found in the grocery stores; the other had a similar year round display but expanded it
seasonally to include a full array of products. None of the stores segmented less toxic
pesticides from others. Rather, products grouped by intended use.
In terms of knowledge of sales people and education efforts, both nurseries visited
had well informed nursery professionals readily available. The hardware and home
supply stores also had some fairly knowledgeable staff but these people were not
necessarily always readily available. In contrast, grocery, drug, and discount department
stores have few, if any, knowledgeable staff available to assist with pesticide questions or
to make recommendations. Managers in these stores were somewhat detached about the
pesticides in general. Other than the nurseries and home supply stores, little educational
material was available to advise customers on the process of selecting and or using
pesticides. Signage and handouts even in these stores was limited and often dated
looking.
All stores reported that pesticide sales tended to slow dramatically in October and
do not pick up again until late February or March. At that time, demand for insecticides,

55

in particular snail/slug, rose care, aphid and whitefly control products increase. This
trend was then followed by warm season demand for herbicides. Ant, roach and rodent
product purchases were more consistent throughout the year although there was some
variation due weather patterns and consequent insect activity.
The companies that consistently occupied the most shelf space in stores visited
were Ortho and Raid. Ortho was the dominant manufacturer in the majority of larger
stores (hardware, discount department and home supply). Raid was dominant in stores
with smaller pesticide emphasis (grocery and drug store). For a summary of store
findings please refer to Table 41.

56

Table 41
Store
Type
Percent
of
Market*

Home Supply

Grocery

55.1%

Drug Store

Discount Department

Hardware

Nursery

4.9%

6.9%

8.1%

18.0%

City

Santa Ana

Orange

Newport
Beach

Lake
Forest

Corona
del Mar

Foothill Ranch

Santa Ana

Irvine

Irvine

Lake Forest

Laguna Hills

Costa Mesa

# of
Products

132

125

36

37

30

20, varies with
season; up to
80

77

106

102

102

70

59

5 x 6, varies by
season up to
20 x 6
Varies from
primarily
insecticides in
winter to full
range in
summer
Raid,Off
Maxide

20 X 6

20 X 6

20 x 6

15 x 6

Shelf Space

50 x 6

5x6

5x6

Full range of pesticides

Primarily
insecticides, some
rodent bait formulas

Ortho,Spectracide

Raid

Primarily
insecticid
es, some
rodent
bait
formulas
Raid,Off

In-store or
Proprietary
Brand

Real Kill

None

None

Garden Place

Approx. %
“reduced
risk”
products

Less than 20%

Less than 20%

Less than 20%

Some signage; some
knowledgeable staff with
various
levels
of
experience; Garden 101
classes
offered
periodically

No signage; Few if
any knowledgeable
staff

No
signage;
No
knowledgeable staff available

(l’ x w’)
Product
Range

Dominant
Brand

Comments

30 x 6
Full range of pesticides

Ortho,Greenlight

Full range of pesticides

Proprietary
(store name
brand),Ortho

Proprietary
(store name
brand),Ortho
Raid

Full range of pesticides

No dominant
brand

Master Nursery
Ortho

Store name

none

Master Nursery

Less than 20%

Less than 20%

50%

40-50%

No
signage;
No
knowledgeable staff available

Some signage; No special training
but some experienced staff;
Customers with questions are
referred to product label

Signage;
Experienced
staff

Signage; All staff,
tenured with one of
experience take CNN
exam;

*Percentages used are from the telephones survey where respondents were asked where they purchased their outdoor pest control products.

57

D.

CONCLUSIONS

1. Collecting accurate retail data is difficult but not necessarily for the reasons
anticipated. Initially, it was assumed that the topic, “pesticide sales and implications
to water quality” would be threatening to an entity that sells pesticides. As it turned
out, there were stores that were reportedly receptive and interested in providing the
information but were limited for logistical reasons. These reasons include the fact that
small stores do not put an emphasis on tracking this data and the database structure of
national stores makes it difficult to extract data on a store by store basis and even
more difficult, specific to pesticide products. The majority of large stores did deny
requests to supply data for “competitive reasons”, and all stores that did provide data
did so with the understanding that the information be used confidentially. Pesticide
sales, use and their implications environmental issues are sensitive topics.
2. The attitudes and availability of knowledgeable staff, as well as the nature of products
offered and awareness of customers, varied considerably among the six Point of
Purchase store types. Similarities within store types were strong. In general,
similarities in products, availability of knowledgeable store staff and attitudes of
customers were characteristic of store type rather than store location or community
characteristics.
3. Home Supply stores are the major Point of Purchase for pesticide in the watershed.
Reportedly Home Depot represents 49% of that distribution. Based on this study and
national results from the U.S. Lawn and Garden Survey (Cappello, 2001), Home
Depot also offers the largest and broadest selection of pesticides. Home Depot
provides staff training and posts signage on pesticides and pesticide usage; however,
staff knowledge on pesticides seems to vary by store and time of visit. Lowes, a
competitor to Home Depot opened stores in the watershed during the course of this
study and Home Base, another competitor, closed its stores.
4. Of the retailers visited, nurseries have a moderate number of products but offer more
lower health/environmental risk products in proportion to the other pest control
products. They also tend to be more consistent in terms of knowledgeable, interested
staff and customers with some awareness of pesticides. Discount department stores
have a large and broad selection of products but little trained staff available for
customer assistance. Hardware stores also have a large and broad selection of
products. Staff tend to be more available and interested but not necessarily
knowledgeable. Drug stores and grocery stores have a fairly narrow selection of
pesticides with a heavy concentration of Raid aerosol and ant bait products. Staff in
grocery and drug stores typically have no special knowledge or training regarding
pesticides. Consumers in discount, hardware, drug and grocery are not as selective in
purchase decisions as those observed in nurseries.
5. A few products dominate shelf space in the various retail stores. Those are Ortho and
Raid. Ortho was particularly dominant in the larger stores (Hardware, Discount
Department and Home Supply). Raid was more dominant in grocery and drug stores.

58

Again, this is the same trend seen nationally where the Ortho product label (from
Scotts Company) is the principle brand of pesticide sold in home centers and discount
stores (Cappello, 2001). Bayer introduced its Advanced line of insecticides in 2000
and this will likely challenge Ortho’s dominance in the home garden market.
6. Store data formats vary tremendously and manufacturers often use similar product
names for different formulations. These factors make it difficult to use the stores sales
tracking data to match the product to EPA numbers and calculate active ingredients
quantities. As a result, the most consistent method to match a product name to EPA
registration numbers is in the field. Even then, a match can only be made if the
product of interest is on the shelf. We found that some products were discontinued or
that the stock had been depleted and not available that day.
E.

Recommendations

To date, it is not fully confirmed to what extent pesticides sold for home use impact water
quality in the San Diego Creek Watershed. This portion of the study only addresses the
amount and formulation of products sold in the watershed, not what is applied.
Additional data from the primary retailers of pesticides in the watershed is needed to
make a more accurate quantitative assessment of product sales. Additionally, if regular,
long term collection and monitoring of pesticide sales are required, harmonization of the
DPR database to product label tracking codes would expedite the data collection process.
The following is a summary of recommendations:
1. Home Depot is the largest retailer of pest control products in the watershed. Their
data would greatly strengthen any conclusions that might be drawn from the limited
data obtained in this study. We encourage a partnership with the EPA in Washington,
D.C. (initiated but not completed within this project schedule) be further explored to
purchase this data from market research companies.
2. Any future studies for qualitative purposes should be scheduled in stores during late
spring, summer or early fall. In this study, in order to meet initial project schedules,
stores visits took place in the slowest season for garden activities and pest issues.
3. Resolve the “compatibility gap” between how the DPR pesticide database is
structured and how stores track sales. The most obvious approach would be for DPR
to incorporate store level UPC codes along with product name and EPA Registration
number. This way the product can be matched even if product name and/or size are
not available or incomplete.
4. In addition to item #3 above, it would be helpful if the EPA number system and
package protocol could be simplified. Currently, the EPA Registration Number and
Establishment Number are required on each package. In addition, the current
arrangement with both EPA Registration and Establishment numbers on the package
makes it is easy to confuse them. According to DPR, the establishment number is

59

supposed to be removed once the registration application is complete. If so, based on
field observations and the frequency of both numbers appearing, this is not
happening.
6. Develop a pesticide awareness campaign that promotes best management practices
and recognizes stores who promote awareness of pesticides use and hazards to
customers. As described in #7 below, in a competitive retail market, stores are
looking for opportunities to present value-added services that also make them good
citizens. Prioritize outreach efforts to stores with a high volume of total sales, low
amount of shelf space devoted to reduced risk products, and those where the
customers are casual about which products are purchased.
7. Leverage retail stores’ commitment to the environment and community. Many stores
have an environmental affairs and/or a community department and want to build a
positive image for the stores and be able to present value-added services. For
example, one discount store takes great pride in their success as a recycler. Grocery
stores promote that their fruits and vegetables are washed and their bags recycled.
There is opportunity to expand these “awareness” campaigns, encourage customers to
make wise choices and build a corporate image for the retailer.
8. There are several entities in the San Diego Creek Watershed that meet regularly,
involve the community and local businesses, have an educational focus and that
would be appropriate venues for increasing pesticide awareness and the importance of
correct usage. These include the University of California Master Gardeners, Orange
County Coastal Coalition, and the Upper Newport Bay Ecological Reserve/Peter and
Mary Muth Interpretive Center.
9. Customer training in regard to integrated pest management, safe pesticide use and
disposal appears to be lacking. Opportunities to bridge knowledge gaps and correct
myths via public education should be explored via radio spots, newspaper articles,
and in-store training.
10. Require that better signage be placed near areas where pesticides are sold.
11. Require that labeling include a toll free 800 number for information and make
instructions available in more than one language. Also require that labels be printed in
a larger font. Few people read directions or ingredients due to their small font size
and/or lack of fluency in English.
12. Suggest that stores have a separate section for displaying reduced risk products to
make it easier for the consumer to recognize them.

60

IV. Overall Summary and Recommendations
A telephone survey was conducting in 2000 to determine non-professional use of
pesticides in and around homes in the San Diego Creek Watershed. In addition, a
product and employee survey of retail stores in the watershed was also conducted.
Overall, we found that customers and employees of retail nurseries were the most
knowledgeable of pesticide use and application. However, this group only represented a
small proportion of the market share. Most consumers purchased their products from
large home supply chain stores and depended on label advertising for information
regarding their choice of product. The primary reason most consumers purchased a pest
control product was for ant control and usually the product was an aerosol formulation.
The second pest most likely to be controlled by pesticides was snails or slugs.
Consumers prefer to use products that require the least amount of work to apply,
e.g., ready to use sprays and aerosols. This is probably a good thing considering that
applicators usually do not measure out the correct amount to apply even if they read the
directions. Whitmore et al. (1992) report that less than 50% of U.S. homeowners read the
label or follow safety procedures. Choice of which pesticide to purchase was influenced
primarily by the list of pests written on the label. The factor that the least amount of
people based their decision to purchase a product was the active ingredient. Where the
primary language spoken at home was English, consumers obtained most of their
pesticide information from the label. However, where the primary language was Spanish,
consumers depended on a store employee for pesticide information.
The best predictor of whether a consumer applied an outdoor pest control product
themselves or hired a contractor was whether they owned or rented their home combined
with whether the home was attached (e.g. apartment or condominium) or detached (e.g.
single family home). In general, those that rent an attached home were the most like to
have a company perform outdoor pest control and residents own a single family detached
home were the least likely to hire out that for type of work. Alternatively, 56% of the
total respondents reported that did their own indoor pest control and approximately 17%
contracted for it or that the apartment complex or homeowner’s association performed it.
There appears to be an information gap regarding disposal of unused pesticide
products or old pesticides. Most respondents did not know the location of their local
household hazardous waste site and preferred to either store the products they no longer
use or put in the trash. Only 18% reported that they took those products to a hazardous
waste collection site. Additionally, 71% of the respondents said they had at least one
pesticide stored in their home that was one to three years old. About 23% said they had
one or more products that were at 3 years old.
The number of pesticide products at a retail store ranged from 20 at a drugstore to
132 at a home supply store. Sales data was extremely difficult and in most cases
impossible to obtain. Nurseries and smaller hardware stores cooperated to the fullest
extent but nationwide and statewide chains would not provide information citing that it is
proprietary, despite our assurances that all information would not be used if a store could

61

be identified by the data. Nevertheless, we can make some predictions of total pesticide
sales based on the consumer responses of where they said they purchased products.
Assuming that the sales data from nurseries and hardware stores were representative of
overall consumer purchases, we estimate that the total pounds of active ingredient of
products containing diazinon, chlorpyrifos, and metaldehyde purchased in the watershed
in 2000 to be 713, 10083, and 19642 respectively. It is important to note that this does
not necessarily mean that this was the amount applied, only the amount purchased.
While recommendations for the two components of this study have been
previously presented, there appears to be the overriding theme regarding the lack of
knowledge regarding pesticide use and disposal on both the consumer and the supplier
level. Whether this is due to lack of interest or lack of information is unclear. We are
aware of numerous brochures, booklets, and posters designed to educate consumers about
pesticides (e.g. U.S. EPA, undated, C.U.R.E.S. undated), yet the implementation is still
lacking. Given that, we can argue that these methods of information dissemination are
ineffective or perhaps not consistently available. In fact, often one is required to ask for
the information by mail or it is placed away from the pesticide sales area, so the
consumer never even knows it exists.
At the retail level, we have shown that there is very little training of those
servicing the pest control sales area. Consumers need help in selecting the most
appropriate method of pest control and the retailer should be able to provide that
information. Latimer et al. (1996) goes as far as stating that in order to educate
consumers, the sale representatives and others that interact with consumers must first be
educated. Additionally, the retailer should provide information about what to do with
old chemicals.
Finally, there should be more information that is easily available regarding the
locations of the household hazardous waste facilities (HHWF) and times when it is open.
In fact, these times should be such that is easiest for a resident to drop off waste. For
example, the HHWF in Irvine is open Tuesdays through Saturdays from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m.
Additionally, this is the only HHWF in the watershed so it may be difficult for residents
in outlying areas to make the special trip to Irvine for that purpose. An alternative would
be to have a monthly or bi-monthly “roundup” in each city in the watershed.

62

References
Aspelin, A.L. and A.H. Grube. 2000. Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage: 1996 and
1997 Market Estimates. USEPA Office of Pesticide Programs.
http://www.epa.gov/oppbead1/pestsales/97pestsales/
Capello, D. 2001. The U.S. Lawn and Garden Market. March 2001. Packaged Facts,
Kalorama Information LLC, New York.
Cooper, A. 1996. Diazinon in urban areas. Regional Water Quality Control Plant, Palo
Alto, CA.
CURES (Coalition for Urban/Rural Environmental Stewardship). Undated. Residential
pest control- Landscape management tips and techniques..
Evans/McDonough Company. 2000. King County pesticide survey summary report.
King County Dept. Nat. Res., Hazardous waste Management Program.
Kroll, R. and D. L. Murphy. 1994. Residential pesticide usage survey. Water Quality
Program, Maryland Dept. Environment, Tech. Report No. 94-011.
Latimer, J. G., S. K. Braman, R. B. Beverly, 11 others. 1996. Reducing the pollution
potential of pesticides and fertilizers in the environmental horticulture industry: II. Lawn
care and landscape management. HortTechnology 6:221-232
Moran, K., 2001. Diazinon & Chlorpyrifos Products: Screening for Water Quality.
http://www.tdcenvironmental.com/pesticidescreeningprojectfinalreport.pdf
Scanlin, J. and A. Cooper. 1997. Outdoor use of diazinon and other insecticides in
Alameda county. California State Water Resources Control Board.
Siepmann, S and B. Finlayson. 2000. Water quality criteria for diazinon and chlorpyrifos.
California Department of Fish and Game, Pesticide Investigations Unit, Rancho Cordova,
CA.
U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, The Quality of Our Nation's Waters-- Nutrients and
Pesticides: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1225, 82 p.
USEPA. Undated. Read the label first! www.epa.gov/oppt/labeling
USEPA, 1999. Implementing the Food Quality Protection Act Progress Report. EPA
735-R-99001. August 1999.
USEPA, 2000. Overview of Diazinon Revised Risk Assessment. Office of Pesticide
Programs. http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/op/diazinon/overview.pdf

63

APPENDICES

64

Appendix A. Pest Control Telephone Survey Questionnaire
Final Pest Control Questionnaire
September, 2000
SHELLO

Hello, my name is ______________and I’m calling from the Social
Science Research Center at California State University, Fullerton.
Have I reached [READ RESPONDENT'S TELEPHONE NUMBER]?

INTRO1

We’re calling on behalf of the University of California to collect
information on the use and disposal of pest control products. This
is an important scientific study, not a sales call.

ZIP1

We’re contacting households that we think are included in the study
area, but may we verify that your zip code is [READ ZIP CODE]
1. CORRECT
[SKIPTO ICZIP]
2. INCORRECT

ZIPREAL

May we please have your correct zip code?
ZIP CODE>
99998. DK/NR
99999. REFUSED

ICZIP

ENTER THE ZIP CODE EXACTLY AS IT SHOWS BELOW
[ZIP CODE WILL SHOW]
ZIP>

ZIPLF

[ASK IF ZIPCODE = 92630]
Do you live West of El Toro Rd, in other words on the side toward
Lake Forest Drive rather than on the side toward the City of Mission
Viejo?
1. YES
[SKIPTO
HOUSE]
2. NO
[NOT
QUALIFIED]
7. DK/NR
[UNSURE]
9. REFUSED
[UNSURE]

ZIPSA1

[ASK IF ZIPCODE = 92703 OR 92704]
Do you live East of Fairview Street, that is, the side toward Bristol
Street and Main Street?
1. YES
[SKIPTO
HOUSE]

65

2. NO
QUALIFIED]
7. DK/NR
9. REFUSED
ZIPCM1

[UNSURE]
[UNSURE]

[SKIPTO
[NOT
[UNSURE]
[UNSURE]

Do you live East of Harbor Boulevard, that is, toward Fairview Rd.
and Newport Blvd?
1. YES
HOUSE]
2. NO
QUALIFIED]
7. DK/NR
9. REFUSED

ZIPCM4

[CONTINUE]
[SKIPTO

Do you live East of Bristol Street? That is, on the side of Bristol
toward John Wayne Airport?
1. YES
HOUSE]
2. NO
QUALIFIED]
7. DK/NR
9. REFUSED

ZIPCM3

[UNSURE]
[UNSURE]

[ASK IF ZIPCODE = 92626]
Do you live North or South of Baker St? North of Baker is the side
toward Santa Ana, and South is the side toward Newport Beach.
1. NORTH
2. SOUTH
ZIPCM3]
7. DK/NR
9. REFUSED

ZIPCM2

[NOT

[SKIPTO
[NOT
[UNSURE]
[UNSURE]

[ASK IF ZIPCODE = 92627]
Do you live North of 19th Street, that is, the side away from the
beach?
1. YES
2. NO
ZIPCM6]
7. DK/NR
9. REFUSED

[CONTINUE]
[SKIPTO
[UNSURE]
[UNSURE]

66

ZIPCM5

Do you live East of Newport Blvd, that is on the side toward the
Back Bay?
1. YES
HOUSE]
2. NO
QUALIFIED]
7. DK/NR
9. REFUSED

ZIPCM6

HOUSE

[UNSURE]
[UNSURE]

Single family detached home
Attached home such as a condo or townhouse
Apartment
Mobile home

OTHER (Specify: __________________________)

7.
9.
WHO

[NOT

Do you live East of Monrovia Ave.?
1. YES
[CONTINUE]
2. NO
[NOT
QUALIFIED]
7. DK/NR
[UNSURE]
9. REFUSED
[UNSURE]
The type of residence that you live in is relevant to questions about
pest control. Do you live in a…
1.
2.
3.
4.

5.

[SKIPTO

DON'T KNOW
REFUSED

To gain an understanding of residential pest control practices in
Orange County, would you please tell us who at your residence
applies outdoor pest control products?
1. Yourself
[SKIPTO
INTRO2]
2. Another member of your household
[CONTINUE]
3. Commercial company, apartment complex or Home-owners
Association not directly contracted by you
[SKIPTO
INTRO2]
4. Yourself and a pest control company that you contract
with directly
[SKIPTO
INTRO2]
5. Only a pest control company that you contract
with directly
[SKIPTO
INTRO2]
6. Other (Please specify), or would you say
[SKIPTO
INTRO2]
7. No outdoor pest control products are applied at my residence
[SAME]

67

8. DK/NR
INTRO2]
9. REFUSED
INTRO2]
WHO2

[SKIPTO
[SKIPTO

May we please speak to that person or to someone who knows
about the application of pest control products at your residence?
1. YES
INTRO2]
2. NO

[SKIPTO
[CONTINUE]

CALLBAK1 Can you please tell me when to call back to reach the person that
knows about the application of pest control products at your
residence?
SCHEDULE CALLBACK
INTRO2

We are conducting a scientific study in Orange County to learn
about residents’ use of pest control products. This survey is
important and it takes less than ten minutes to complete. Your
identity and your responses will remain completely anonymous and
confidential, and of course, you are free to decline to answer any
survey question.
I should also mention that this call may be monitored by my
supervisor for quality control purposes only.
Is it all right to ask you these questions now?
1.
2.

APPT

YES
NO

[SKIPTO OFAGE]
[CONTINUE]

When would be a more convenient time to ask you the survey
questions?
SCHEDULE CALLBACK

OFAGE

May we please verify that you are eighteen years of age or older?
1.

YES

[IF WHO = 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, SKIPTO

2.
7.
9.

NO
DK/NR
REFUSED

IF WHO = 3 OR 6, SKIPTO TRANS2]

TRANS1;

68

OFAGE2

May we please speak to someone who is over 18, that knows about
the
application of pest control products at your residence?
1. YES
2. NO
CALLBACK]

TRANS1

[SCHEDULE

We’d like to begin by asking you about your MAIN outdoor pest
problems.
PRESS ‘1’ TO CONTINUE

Q1

First, are insects a major OUTDOOR problem around your residence?
[ANTS, WHITEFLIES, CATERPILLARS, FLIES, APHIDS, SPIDERS,
SCALE, SOWBUGS]
1.
2.
7.
9.

Q2

YES (Specify)
NO
DK/NR
REFUSED

Are weeds a major problem around your residence?
[DANDELION, BERMUDA GRASS, SPURGE, WOODSORREL,
CLOVER, WEEDS YOU ARE UNABLE TO IDENTIFY]
1.
YES (Specify)
2.
NO
7. DK/NR
9. REFUSED

Q3

Are plant diseases a major OUTDOOR problem around your residence?
[BLACK SPOTS, MILDEW, DIEBACK]
1.
YES (Specify)
2.
NO
7. DK/NR
9. REFUSED

Q4

Are snails or slugs a major problem around your residence?
1. YES
2. NO
7. DK/NR

69

9. REFUSED
Q5

Are birds, rabbits, squirrels, gophers or deer a major problem around your
residence?
1.
YES (Please specify)
2.
NO
7. DK/NR
9. REFUSED
[IF ‘WHO’ = 5 OR 6, SKIPTO TRANS2]

Q6

How do you know what the outdoor pest problems are?
Would you say that you…
[SELECT ALL THAT APPLY]
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Can identify it from experience
Guess
Identify it by book, magazine, or Internet
Receive help from store personnel, or
Other (Please specify)

6. DK/NR
7. REFUSED
8. EXIT
Q7

In the last 6 months, have you used any OUTDOOR pest control products at your residence?

1.
2.
7.
9.

YES
NO
DK/NR
REFUSED

[SKIPTO Q10]
[SKIPTO Q10]
[SKIPTO Q10]

HOWMANY In the last six months, how many different OUTDOOR pest control
products have you used at your residence?
NUMBER OF PRODUCTS>
7. DK/NR
9. REFUSED
TRANSNEW

First, we're going to ask you for the names of the
OUTDOOR pest control products that you've used
at your residence. Then we will ask a few questions
regarding each product.
PRESS '1' TO CONTINUE

Q8A What is the name of the [FIRST PRODUCT]?
[ACCEPT RESPONSES FOR UP TO SIX PRODUCTS]
PRODUCT 1>
Q8B PRODUCT 2>

70

Q8C
Q8D
Q8E
Q8F

PRODUCT 3>
PRODUCT 4>
PRODUCT 5>
PRODUCT 6>

[ASK Q9A THROUGH Q9C FOR EACH PRODUCT USED]
Q9A
What did you use [FIRST PRODUCT] for? (for example, insects, weeds, disease, snails, etc.)
OPN>
Q9B What form of [FIRST PRODUCT] did you use? Was it a…
1.

Ready-to-use spray

2. Concentrated spray (must add water)
3. Dry granule
7. DK/NR
9. REFUSED

Q9C Where did you purchase [FIRST PRODUCT]?
[READ RESPONSES ONLY IF NECESSARY]

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Q10

Large home supply store (Specify name of store, e.g. Home Depot)
Discount department store (Specify name of store, e.g. Target)
Grocery or drug store (Specify name of store)
Nursery (Specify name of store)
Hardware store (Specify name of store)
By catalog or Internet (Specify name of seller)
Other (Please specify)
DK/NR
REFUSED

Thinking of all the OUTDOOR pest control products you use, what is the total number of times
you apply them per year?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Less than 1 time per year
1-3 times per year
4-6 times per year
7-12 times per year
More than 12 times per year

7. DK/NR
9. REFUSED
Q11

For OUTDOOR pest control products that must be mixed with water before using, what do you do
with the leftover solution?
[READ EACH OPTION AND SELECT ALL THAT APPLY]
1. Pour down the drain or toilet inside your house

71

2. Pour down the drain outside your house
3. Pour in the street or gutter
4. Pour on the lawn or in another garden area
5. Put in the trash
6. Take to a hazardous waste disposal site
7. Store and use later
8. Apply to other areas (Please specify):_________________
9. Reapply to same area until used up
10. I only make enough to use, there is no leftover
11. Other (Please specify)
12. DON’T USE ANY PRODUCTS THAT MUST BE MIXED WITH WATER

13. DK/NR
14. REFUSED
15. EXIT

Q12

When watering your lawn or garden, does water usually run into the street and/or sidewalk?

1.
2.
7.
9.
Q13

YES
NO
DK/NR
REFUSED

In general, how do you choose what pest control products to use? I’m
going to read a list of options. After each one, please tell me if you
choose your pest control products based upon that criterion.
[READ EACH OPTION AND SELECT ALL THAT APPLY]
1. What it controls
2. Active ingredient
3. Cost
4. Packaging
5. How long it will last
6. How fast it works
7. Safety
8. Recommendation from someone else
9. Environmental concerns
10. Ease of application
11. Clearly written instructions
12. Already have at home
13. Other (Please specify)
14. DK/NR
15. REFUSED
16. EXIT

Q14

When did you last purchase a pest control product?
72

1.
2.
3.
7.
9.

Less than one month ago
About 6 months ago
About 1 year ago
DK/NR
REFUSED

Q14A What is the name of the product?
OPN>
Q14B What pest or pests did you need to control?
OPN>
Q15

Which of these do you read or look at on a pest control product label
BEFORE buying it?
[READ EACH OPTION AND SELECT ALL THAT APPLY]
1. Picture of the pest
2. List of pests it controls
3. Safety information
4. Disposal information
5. How much to use
6. How to apply
7. When to treat
8. What the ingredients are
9. Other (Please specify)
10. DK/NR
11. REFUSED
12. EXIT

Q16

When applying pest control products, how do you decide how much of the
product to use?
1.
2.
3.
4.
7.
9.

Read and follow all directions on the container
Read directions on container and use them as guidelines
Don’t read directions; use experience or best estimate
Other (Please specify)
DK/NR
REFUSED

73

Q17

Do you measure out the amount of pest control product or do you estimate
the amount of pest control product to spray or apply?
1.
2.
7.
9.

Q18

MEASURE
ESTIMATE
DK/NR
REFUSED

Where do you get your pest control information?
[READ ONLY IF NECESSARY AND SELECT ALL THAT APPLY]
1. NEWSPAPER ARTICLE
2. MAGAZINE ARTICLE
3. INTERNET ARTICLE
4. PRODUCT LABEL
5. POSTERS AT STORE WHERE PURCHASED
6. TEAR SHEETS AT STORE WHERE PURCHASED
7. EMPLOYEE AT STORE WHERE PURCHASED
8. OTHER METHOD AT STORE WHERE PURCHASED
9. WORD-OF MOUTH
10. ADVERTISEMENTS
11. CLASSES
12. GARDEN FAIRS/SHOWS
13. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA FARM ADVISOR
14. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA MASTER GARDENER
15. OTHER (PLEASE SPECIFY:________________)
16. DK/NR
17. REFUSED
18. EXIT

[ASK IF ITEM 10, ADVERTISEMENT, WAS SELECTED ABOVE]
Q19 Where have the advertisements for pest control products that you’ve
heard or seen come from…
[READ ONLY IF NECESSARY AND SELECT ALL THAT APPLY]
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

TV
MAGAZINE
NEWSPAPER
INTERNET
OTHER (PLEASE SPECIFY)

74

6. DK/NR
7. REFUSED
Q20

Q21

How do you usually dispose of pest control products that you no longer
use?
1. Pour down drain or toilet inside your house
2. Pour down drain outside your house
3. Pour in the gutter or street
4. Put in trash
5. Take to hazardous waste disposal site
6. Give away
7. Other (Please specify)
8. DK/NR
9. REFUSED
About how many different pest control products are stored in your home?
1. None
[SKIPTO TRANS2]
2. 1-5
3. 6-10
4. More than 10
7. DK/NR
9. REFUSED

Q22

About how old is the oldest pest control product you have?
1. Older than 1 year
2. Older than 3 years
3. Older than 5 years
7. DK/NR
9. REFUSED

Q23

What is the name of that product?
OPN>

TRANS2
residence.
Q24

The next few questions are about pest control inside your

Who does your INDOOR pest control?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
7.
9.

Yourself
Another member of your household
Commercial company, apartment complex or home owners association
Other (Please specify), or would you say
No indoor pest control products are applied at my residence
DK/NR
REFUSED

75

Q25

Q26

For INDOOR products that must be mixed with water before using, what
do you usually do with the leftover mixture?
[READ EACH OPTION AND SELECT ALL THAT APPLY]
1. Pour down drain or toilet inside your house
2. Pour down drain outside your house
3. Pour in the gutter or street
4. Pour on the lawn or in another garden area
5. Put in trash
6. Take to hazardous household waste disposal site
7. Store and use later
8. Other (Please specify)
9. DON’T USE ANY PRODUCTS THAT MUST BE MIXED WITH WATER
10. DK/NR
11. REFUSED
12. EXIT
Do you happen to know where the hazardous household waste disposal
site near you is located?
1.
2.
7.
9.

Q27

YES
NO
DK/NR
REFUSED

Now we’d like to ask some questions regarding your background-- first,
what is your age?
AGE>
98.
DON'T KNOW
99.
REFUSED

Q28

[IF ANSWERED, SKIPTO Q29]

In what year were you born?
19__
98.
DON’T KNOW
99.
REFUSED

Q29

Do you own or rent your home?
1.
2.
7.
9.

Q30

OWN
RENT
DK/NR
REFUSED

What is the primary language spoken in the home?

76

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

ENGLISH
SPANISH
VIETNAMESE
JAPANESE
FARSI
MANDARIN
OTHER (PLEASE SPECIFY)
DK/NR
REFUSED

CITY What city do you live in?
1. COSTA MESA
2. IRVINE
3. LAGUNA WOODS
4. LAKE FOREST
5. NEWPORT BEACH
6. SANTA ANA
7. TUSTIN
8. OTHER
9. REFUSED
CHILDREN Do you have any children aged zero to five currently living in your
residence?
1. YES
2. NO
7. DK/NR
9. REFUSED
Q31

How do you describe your race or ethnicity?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5
7.
9.

Asian (SPECIFY: ______________ )
Black or African American
Hispanic or Latino
Caucasian or White
OTHER (SPECIFY: _______________)
DON'T KNOW
REFUSED

77

Q32

What was the last grade if school that you completed?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
7.
9.

Q33

Some high school or less
High school graduate
Some college
College graduate
Post-graduate degree
DK/NR
REFUSED

Lastly, which of the following categories best describes your total
household or family income before taxes, from all sources?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
9.

Less than $15,000
$15,000-24,999
$25,000-44,999
$45,000-69,999
$70,000-99,999
More than $100,000
DK/NR
REFUSED

Q34. Are you willing to be contacted by faculty at the University of California to
be interviewed in greater detail?
1.
2.

YES
NO

7.

DON'T KNOW
CONCLUDE]
REFUSED
CONCLUDE]

9.

[SKIPTO
CONCLUDE]
[SKIPTO
[SKIPTO

Q35. At what telephone number do you prefer to be contacted?
PHONE> ###-###-####
Q36

Once again, I assure you that your telephone number and responses to
this survey will remain completely confidential.

78

Q37. And how do you prefer to be identified at that time?
OPN>

CONCLUDE Thank you. That concludes our survey. Your participation is
deeply appreciated.
[INTERVIEWER: CODE GENDER, LANGUAGE OF INTERVIEW, LEVEL OF
COOPERATION]

79

Appendix B.
Ace Hardware
Ace Hardware
Adams True Value
Aki Nursery
Albertson’s
Albertson's
Albertson's
Albertson's
Albertson's
Albertson's
Albertson's
Albertson's
Albertson's
Albertson's
Albertson's
Albertson’s
Armstrong Garden Ctr
Armstrong Garden Ctr
Armstrong Garden Ctr
Armstrong Garden Ctr
Arrow Number One
A-Z Floral & Plantery
Brecht Orchid Gardens & Gift
Crown Ace Hardware
Crown Ace Hardware
Crown Ace Hardware
Crown Ace Hardware
Crown Hardware
Crown Hardware Inc
Denton True Value
Drug Emporium
Flowerdale Nurseries Inc
Green Thumb Intl Nursery
Hernandez Nursery
Home Base Home
Home Base Home
Home Base Inc
Home Depot
Home Depot
Home Depot
Home Depot
Home Depot
K Mart
K Mart
K Mart
Laguna Hills Nursery
Longs Drugs
Longs Drugs
Longs Drugs
Lowes
Master Nursery
Master Nursery
Newport Greenhouses
Orchard Supply
Orchard Supply
Orchard Supply Hardware
Pavilions
Pavilions
Pavilions
Pavilions
Plant Stand

List of Retail Stores
San Diego Creek Watershed
3501 W 1st St
Santa Ana, CA
14230 Culver Dr
Irvine, CA
12932 Newport Ave
Tustin, CA
2624 Newport
Costa Mesa, CA
13270 Newport Ave
Tustin, CA
2300 Harbor Blvd # C
Costa Mesa, CA
24251 Muirlands Blvd
Lake Forest, CA
3049 E Coast Hwy
Corona Del Mar, CA
3100W Balboa Blvd
Newport Beach, CA
3329 5 Bristol St
Santa Ana, CA
3825 Alton Pkwy
Irvine, CA
3931 Irvine Blvd
Irvine, CA
4541 Campus Dr
Irvine, CA
4541 Campus Dr
Irvine, CA
770 5 Harbor Blvd
Santa Ana, CA
9300 Toledo Way
Irvine, CA
15285 Culver Dr
Irvine, CA
1829 N Tustin Ave
Santa Ana, CA
2123 Newport
Costa Mesa, CA
1500 East Coast Highway
Newport Beach, CA
820 N Tustin St
Orange, CA
3257 Redhill Ave
Santa Ana, CA
4201 Williwaw Dr
Irvine, CA
1024 Irvine Ave
Newport Beach,
18102 Culver Dr
Irvine, CA
2644 San Miguel Dr
Newport Beach,
2666 Harbor Blvd
Costa Mesa, CA
21791 Lake Forest
Lake Forest, CA
3107 E Coast Hwy
Corona Del
12932 Newport Ave
Tustin, CA
13852 Red Hill Ave
Tustin, CA
2700 Bristol St
Costa Mesa, CA
23782 Bridger Rd
El Toro, CA
405 E Grant St
Santa Ana, CA
1441 W 17th St
Santa Ana, CA
2120 Barranca Pkwy
Irvine, CA
3345 Michelson Dr
Irvine, CA
10801 Garden Grove
Garden Grove, CA
24332 El Tore Rd
Laguna Hills, CA
2782 El Camino Real
Tustin, CA
3500W Macarthur Blvd
Santa Ana, CA
435 W Katella Ave
Orange, CA
1855 N Tustin St
Orange, CA
2200 Harbor Blvd #
Costa Mesa, CA
2505 El Camino Real
Tustin, CA
25290 Jeronimo Rd
Lake Forest, CA
1202 Irvine Blvd
Tustin, CA
923 Newport Center
Newport Beach,
4880 Irvine Blvd
Irvine, CA
Tustin
2700 Bristol St
Costa Mesa, CA
2800 N Tustin Ave
Santa Ana, CA
3350 1/2 Warner
Irvine, CA
17200 Brookhurst St
Fountain Valley,
27921 La Paz Rd
Laguna Beach, CA
1975 E 17th St
Santa Ana, CA
1000 Bayside Dr
Newport Beach, CA
3433 Via Lido
Newport Beach, CA
4730 Barranca Pkwy
Irvine, CA
4730 Barranca Pkwy
Irvine, CA
2972 Century P1 #
Costa Mesa, CA

(714) 554-0902
(949) 552-5511
(714) 544-0684
(949) 645-5782
(714) 832-8953
(949) 645-5100
(949) 581-1642
(949) 675-8901
(949) 675-1040
(714) 557-9015
(949)476-1922
(949) 552-4334
(949) 854-8282
(949) 854-8282
(714) 839-5982
(949) 855-9400
(949) 857-9278
(714) 542-4145
(949) 646-3925
(949) 644-9510
(714) 532-6793
(714)542-1111
(949) 548-2314
(949) 642-1133
(949) 786-8100
(949) 644-8570
(714) 546-7080
(949) 588-7644
(949) 673-2800
(714) 544-0684
(714) 544-4703
(714) 754-6661
(949) 837-3040
(714) 972-1689
(714)558-1510
(949) 752-2390
(949) 442-5000
(714) 539-0319
(949) 598-9171
(714) 966-8551
(714) 538-9600
(714)637-4100
(949) 646-7701
(714) 731-5510
(949) 830-5653
(714) 505-0844
(949) 729-8035
(714) 505-1680
(714) 754-6661
(714) 633-9200
(949) 552-9619
(714) 964-2282
(949) 360-5770
(714) 835-4440
(949) 760-0975
(949) 675-3791
(949) 559-6001
(949) 559-6001
(714) 966-0797

80

Ralphs Grocery Co
Ralphs Grocery Co
Ralphs Grocery Co
Ralphs Grocery Co
Ralphs Grocery Co
Ralphs Grocery Co
Ralphs Grocery Co
Ralphs Grocery Co
Ralphs Grocery Co
Ralphs Grocery Co
Ralphs Grocery Co
Ralphs Grocery Co
Ralphs Grocery Co
Ralphs Grocery Co
Ralphs Grocery Co
Ralphs Grocery Co
Ralphs Grocery Co
Ralphs Grocery Co
Ramsay Rexall Drug
Rite Aid Pharmacies
Rite Aid Pharmacies
Rite Aid Pharmacies
Rite Aid Pharmacies
Rite Aid Pharmacies
Rite Aid Pharmacies
Rite Aid Pharmacies
Rite Aid Pharmacies
Rite Aid Pharmacies
Rite Aid Pharmacies
Rite Aid Pharmacies
Rogers Gardens
Sav-On Drugs
Sav-On Drugs
Sav-On Drugs
Sav-On Drugs
Sav-On Drugs
Sav-On Drugs
Sav-On Drugs
Sav-On Drugs
Sav-On Drugs
Sav-On Drugs
Sav-On Drugs
Sav-On Drugs
Sav-On Drugs
Sav-On Drugs
Sav-On Drugs
Sav-On Drugs
Sav-On Drugs
Sav-On Drugs
Sav-On Drugs
Sav-On Express
Sav-On Express
Sav-On Express
Sav-On Pharmacy
Scala Nursery
Stater Bros Markets
Stater Bros Markets
Stater Bros Markets
Stater Bros Markets
Stater Bros Markets
Stater Bros Markets

List of Retail Stores
San Diego Creek Watershed
1114 Irvine Blvd
Tustin, CA
13321 Jamboree Rd
Tustin, CA
1411 N Tustin St
Orange, CA
14400 Culver Dr
Irvine, CA
14551 Red Hill Ave
Tustin, CA
1523W 17th St
Santa Ana, CA
17801 Santiago Blvd
Orange, CA
18040 Culver Dr
Irvine, CA
21751 Lake Forest Dr
El Toro, CA
23641 Moulton Pkwy
Laguna Hills, CA
2555 Eastbluff Dr
Newport Beach, CA
2660 San Miguel Dr
Newport Beach, CA
26751 Portola Pkwy
Foothill Ranch, CA
26901 Aliso Creek Rd
Aliso Viejo, CA
2741 W Macarthur Blvd
Santa Ana, CA
380 E 17th St
Costa Mesa, CA
5331 University Dr
Irvine, CA
5345 Alton Pkwy
Irvine, CA
2246 Newport Blvd
Costa Mesa, CA
13151 Jamboree Rd
Tustin, CA
1406W Edinger
Santa Ana, CA
3141 ECoast Hwy
Corona Del Mar,
3875 Alton Pkwy
Irvine, CA
419 E 1st St
Santa Ana, CA
630 E 1st St
Tustin, CA
1610 San Miguel Dr
Newport Beach,
18112 Culver Dr
Irvine, CA
3325 5 Bristol St
Santa Ana, CA
3875 Alton Pkwy
Irvine, CA
5404 Walnut Ave
Irvine, CA
2301 San Miguel
Corona del Mar
1020 Irvine Ave
Newport Beach,
1433W 17th St
Santa Ana, CA
1545W 17th St
Santa Ana, CA
1750 N Grand Ave
Santa Ana, CA
17642 17th St
Tustin, CA
2000 E 17th St
Santa Ana, CA
21761 Lake Forest
El Toro, CA
228 N Harbor Blvd
Santa Ana, CA
24271 Muirlands Blvd
El Toro, CA
24372 Rockfield Blvd
El Toro, CA
26686 Portola Pkwy
Foothill Ranch, CA
26891 Aliso Creek
Aliso Viejo, CA
2701 Harbor Blvd
Costa Mesa, CA
671 E 1st St
Tustin, CA
14330 Culver Dr
Irvine, CA
1445 5 Main St
Santa Ana, CA
17625 Harvard Ave # A
Irvine, CA
3911 S Bristol St
Santa Ana, CA
5385 Alton Pkwy
Irvine, CA
1175 Baker St#B
Costa Mesa, CA
1835 Newport Blvd #
Costa Mesa, CA
2321 S Bristol St
Santa Ana, CA
770 S Harbor Blvd
Santa Ana, CA
3439 W Macarthur
Santa Ana, CA
1175 Baker St#C
Costa Mesa, CA
1230 E Mcfadden Ave
Santa Ana, CA
14171 Red HillAve
Tustin, CA
21.80 Newport Blvd
Costa Mesa, CA
2360 N Tustin Ave
Santa Ana, CA
24336 El Toro Rd
Laguna Hills, CA

(714) 544-1794
(714) 544-0491
(714) 532-1032
(949) 552-2832
(714)731-9021
(714) 542-3964
(714) 998-0041
(949) 262-0407
(949) 855-1241
(949) 581-9830
(949) 644-2060
(949) 644-7992
(949) 457-9349
(949) 362-3727
(714) 751-6255
(949) 645-8282
(949) 786-0770
(949) 552-0597
(949) 646-4614
(714)573-1311
(714) 546-6093
(949) 675-1182
(949) 250-4465
(714) 543-2832
(714) 544-7488
(949) 644-6422
(949) 786-0151
(714) 979-4121
(949) 250-4465
(949) 552-9266
(949)721-2100
(949) 642-0122
(714) 547-5676
(714) 547-6578
(714)835-3111
(714) 832-1850
(714) 543-8300
(949) 855-8307
(714) 554-7120
(949) 472-6016
(949) 830-5090
(949) 470-4630
(949) 3604081
(714)438-1110
(714) 544-7034
(949) 559-8129
(714) 547-0813
(949) 261-1558
(714) 556-7183
(949) 733-8226
(714) 545-5466
(949) 722-1750
(714) 545-1886
(714) 839-5371
(714) 557-3404
(714) 540-7488
(714) 5434555
(714)544-1812
(949) 646-2324
(714) 543-9034
(949) 598-3235

81

Stater Bros Markets
Target
Target
Target
Target
Target
Target
Target
Target
Tustin Meadows Nursery
Vons Co
Vons Co
Vons Co
Vons Co
Vons Co
Vons Co
Vons Co
Vons Co
Vons Co
Walgreens Drug Store
Walgreens Drug Store
Wal-Mart
Wal-Mart
Wal-Mart
Woodward's Ace

List of Retail Stores
San Diego Creek Watershed
2630 W Edinger Ave
Santa Ana, CA
1330 E 17th St
Santa Ana, CA
1881 WLincoln
Anaheim, CA
2191 N Tustin St
Orange, CA
24500 Alicia Pkwy
Mission Viejo, CA
26762 Portola
Foothill Ranch, CA
26932 La Paz Rd
Aliso Viejo, CA
3300 5 Bristol St
Santa Ana, CA
3750 Barranca
Irvine, CA
815 5 Esplanade St
Orange, CA
17662 17th St
Tustin, CA
185 E 17th St
Costa Mesa, CA
22475 El Toro Rd
El Toro, CA
24270 El Toro Rd
Laguna Hills, CA
2701 Harbor Blvd # B
Costa Mesa, CA
2701 Harbor Blvd # B
Costa Mesa, CA
3650 5 Bristol St
Santa Ana, CA
4800 Irvine Blvd
Irvine, CA
550 E 1st St
Tustin, CA
13348 Newport Ave
Tustin, CA
3000 5 Bristol St
Santa Ana, CA
2300 N Tustin St
Orange, CA
26502 Towne Centre
Foothill Ranch, CA
3600 W Mcfadden
Santa Ana, CA
2343 N Tustin Ave
Santa Ana, CA

(714) 546-9410
(714) 541-4593
(714) 999-0606
(714) 974-2800
(949) 583-1298
(949) 454-2360
(949) 643-0337
(714) 641-4944
(949) 857-8337
(714) 771-5529
(714) 832-0883
(949)548-8911
(949) 770-2141
(949) 581-2771
(714) 751-4270
(714) 751-4270
(714) 540-0510
(714) 838-6534
(714) 832-9996
(714) 505-6021
(714) 427-3986
(714) 998-4473
(949) 588-7923
(714) 775-8034
(714) 541-5268

82

Appendix C. Sample letter sent to selected retailers in the watershed

83

Appendix D. Letter from Home Depot denying our request for sales information

84

Appendix E. Sample product list by store type
Hardware Store
Manuf/Brnd

Prod Name

Agr Evo
Finale Weed & Grass Killer
Agr Evo
Finale Weed & Grass Killer
Amdro
Fire Ant Bait
Bayer Adv Garden Rose 1 Flower
Bayer Adv Garden Lawn & garden
Bayer Adv Garden Rose & Flower
Bayer Adv Garden 2-1 Rose & Flower
Bonide
Eight Garden & Home
Combat
Source Roach Kill
Combat
Source Ant Kill
Cooke
Gopher Mix
Copper Brite
Termite Prufe
Copper Brite
Roach Prufe
D con
Kills Rats
D con
Kills Mice
D con
Kills Mice
Dr T
Snake Away
Enforcer
Flea Killer
Enforcer
Four H Fogger
Enforcer
Rats/Mouse Bars
Garden Tech
Sevin
Grants
Kills Ants
Grants
Kills Ants
Grants
Ant/Spider Kill
Green Light
Many Purpose Insect Killer
Hinder
Deer & Rabbit
Home Pest Control Orange Guard
JT Easton
Bait Block Rats/Mice
JT Easton
Kills House Mice
Lilly Miller
Slug/Snail
Lilly Miller
Sys Rose Care
Maxide
Ant/Roach Spider
Metro
That's It
Metro
That's It
Metro
Bug Bait
Metro
Bug Bait
Metro
Bug Bait
Monsanto
Round UP
Monsanto
Round UP
Monsanto
Round UP
Monsanto
Round UP
Monsanto
Round UP Sure Shot
Ortho
Bug Geta
Ortho
Bug Geta
Ortho
Home Defense

Size

Formulation

64 oz
24 oz
6 oz
5 lb
24 oz
24 oz
2 lb
32 oz
42 oz
.21 oz
1 lb
1 lb
1 lb
12 oz
12 oz
1.5 oz

Liquid RTU
Liquid Spray
Granules
Liquid
RTU Spray
RTU Spray
RTU Granules
Spray
Bait x12
Bait x 12
Granules
Powder Conc.
Powder Conc.
Bait Pellets
Bait
Bait

1 lb
1.5 oz X3
8 –20 mg
32oz
3.33 oz
14 oz
1 lb

Powder
Fogger
Blocks
RTU Spray
10 Stakes
4 bars
Granules
Granules

128 oz
1 lb
8 pz
3 lbs
4 lbs
18 oz
3 lb
5 lb
42 oz
12 oz
5 lb
128 oz
32 oz
16 oz
24 oz
16 oz
2 lb 4 oz
2 lb 4 oz
1 gal

Water Based foam
8 blocks
Blocks
Granules
Granules
Spray
Granules
Granules
Granules
Granules
Granules
Liquid RTU
Liquid Conc
Liquid RTU
Liquid RTU
Spray
Granules
Granules
Liquid Spray

85

Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
Ro Pell
Ro Pell
Roach Motel
Safer
Safer
Safer
Safer
Spectracide
Spectracide
Spectracide
Store Brand
Store Brand
Store Brand
Store Brand
Store Brand
Store Brand
Store Brand
Store Brand
Store Brand
Store Brand
Store Brand
Store Brand
Store Brand
Store Brand
Store Brand
Sun Spray
Term out
Terra

Rose Pride Systemic
Tomato & Veg
Hornet & Wasp
Rose Pride Systemic
Triox
Brush B Gon
Bug B Gon
Bug B Gon
Weed B gon
Orthene Sys
RosePride Orthonox
Diazinon Ultra
Diazinon Granules
Sevin
RosePride Funginex
Yard Guard
Wasp & Hornet
Ant,Roach
House/Garden
House/Garden Multibug
Max Roah & Eggs
Dog,Cat, Bird
Dog,Cat, Bird
Kills Roaches
Rose N Flower
Fruit N Veg
Insect soap
Garden fungicide
Bug Stop
Ant Shield
Grass&Weed Killer
Flea & Tick
Wasp & Hornet
Foaming Wasp & Hornet
Ant,Roach & Spider
Indoor Fogger 2
House & Garden Bug
Malathion
Diazinon
Sevin
Flying Insect
Home Insect Control
Spot Weed Killer
Garden Insect Killer
Lawn Weed Killer
Sl Diazinon Lawn Insect
Ultra Fine Insect Oil
Termite/Roach/Ant
Ant Killer

1 gal
1 pt 8 oz
14 oz
14 oz
1 qt
16 oz
32 oz
24 oz
32 oz
16 oz
16 oz
32 oz
1 lb
16 oz
1 pt
17oz
14 oz
17.5 oz
17 oz
11 oz
3.25 lb
1 qt
32 oz
32 oz
32 oz
32 oz
1 gal
16 oz
1 gal
10 oz
14 oz
14 oz
14 oz
1 lb 2 oz
13.5 oz
1 pt
1 pt
1 pt
11 oz
1 gal
1 pt
1 pt
1 qt
10 lbs
1 qt
13 oz
1 oz

Liquid Spray
Spray
Spray
Spray
Liquid Conc
Liquid Conc
Lock N Spray Liq
Liquid Spray
Spray
Liquid Conc
Liquid Conc
Water Based Conc
Granules
Concentrate
Concentrate
Spray
Spray
Spray
Spray
Spray
Bait Stop
Granules
Liquid
Traps 2
Spray
Spray
Spray
Spray
Spray
Spray
Spray
Spray
Spray
Spray
Spray
Fogger
Spray
Dilutable Conc
Dilutable Conc
Spray
Spray
Liquid Spray
Spray
Dilutable Conc
Dilutable Conc
Granules
Liquid
Spray
Bait

86

Vicon
Victor
Victor
Victor
Vikor
Worry Free

Nursery
Manuf/Brnd
Amaze
Amaze
Bayer
Bayer
Bayer
Cooke
Fountec
Grants
Green Light
Green Light
Green Light
Green Light
Green Light
Master Nursery
Master Nursery
Master Nursery
Master Nursery
Master Nursery
Master Nursery
Master Nursery
Master Nursery
Master Nursery
Master Nursery
Master Nursery
Master Nursery
Master Nursery
Master Nursery
Master Nursery
Master Nursery
Maxide
Maxide
Maxide
Monsanto
Monterey
Monterey
Monterey
Monterey
Monterey
Ortho

Roach Killing
Poison Free Wasp/Ant
Poison Free Fruit
Poison Free Flying Insect
Fire Ant Killer
Snail/Slug

Prod Name
Grass/weed Prev
Grass/weed Prev
Adv Garden Lawn/Gar
Adv Home
Lawn & Garden
Quick Action Gopher Mix
Algae Scale Rem.
Kills Ants
Borer Killer
Sevin
Rose Defense
Rose Defense
Tomato & Veg
Pest Fighter Hort. Oil
Pest Fighter Hort. Oil
Spray Grip
Spray Grip
Malathion
Malathion
Tomato & Veg
Spray Oil
Snail/Slug Insect
Snail/Slug Insect
Snail/Slug Insect
Snail/Slug Insect
Snail/Slug Insect
Snail/Slug Insect
Broadleaf Weed
Spot Weeder
Garden/ Pet dust
Diazinon (Ant)
Dandelion/WD
Roundup
Weed hoe
Grass
post emer
Turflon
Nutgrass
Hornet/Wasp

l lb
17.5 oz
17.5 oz
17.5 oz
4 lbs
1 lb 4 oz

Powder
Spray
Spray
Spray
Granules
Bait

Size Formulation
8 lb Granules
1.5 lb Granules
10 lbs Granules
24 oz Spray
5 lbs Liquid
1 lb Granules
8 oz Liquid
4 baits Bait
1 pt Liquid
16 oz Liquid
1 pt Liquid
1 qt Liquid
1 qt Liquid
16 oz Liquid
8 oz Liquid
16 oz Liquid
8 oz Liquid
32 oz Liquid
8 oz Liquid
24 oz Liquid
1 qt Liquid
2 lbs Granules
24 oz Liquid
1 lb Granules
3 lb Granules
5 lb Granules
Pellets
16 oz Liquid
16 oz Liquid
4 lbs Powder
1 lb Spray
24 oz Liquid
64 oz Liquid
1 pt Liquid
8 oz Liquid
1 pt Liquid
.5 pt Liquid
1 pt Liquid
15 oz Spray

87

Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Safer
Safer
Safer
Sluggo
Sluggo
Sluggo
Sure Fire
Term Out
That's It
That's It
That's It
That's It
XP-20

Rose Pride Insect/Disease 16 oz Liquid
Daconil
16 oz Liquid
RosePride Fungicide
1 pt Liquid
Brush B Gon
16 oz Liquid
Weed B Gon
24 oz Liquid
Grass B Gon
24 oz Liquid
Insecticidal Soap
16 oz Liquid
Caterpillar Keeper
16 oz Liquid
The Pantry Pest
2Traps
Iron Sulfate
2.5 lb Granules
Iron Sulfate
10 lbs Granules
Iron Sulfate
1 lb Granules
Snail/Slug
Tape Tape
Termite Roaches
13 oz Spray
Snail/Slug
l 1b Granules
Snail/Slug
3 lb Granules
Snail/Slug
5 lb Granules
Snail/Slug
25 lb Granules
Dog/Cat
2 lbs Granules

Home Supply Store
Manuf/Brnd
Bayer Adv Gard
Bayer Adv Gard
Bayer Adv Gard
Bayer Adv Gard
Bayer Adv Gard
Bayer Adv Gard
Bayer Adv Gard
Bayer Adv Gard
Combat
Combat
Combat
Combat
Corrys
D Con
D Con
Force F
GardenTech
Grants
Greensweep
Hot Shot
Hot Shot
Hot Shot
Hot Shot
Miracle Gro
Monsanto
Monsanto

Prod Name
lawn & Garden MultiUse
lawn & Garden MultiUse
lawn & Garden MultiUse
Rose & Flowers
Rose & Flowers
lawn & Garden MultiUse
Weed Killer
Weed Killer
Outdoor Ant Stakes
Quick Kill
Quick Kill Roach
Roach Killer Gel
Snail/Slug
Kills Mice
Kills Rats/Mice
Sevin
Kills Ants
Weed & Feed
Fogger
Spider Killer
Flying Insect
Ultimate --- Killer
Weed prevent & Feed
Round Up
Round Up

Size
2 lb
32 oz
10 lb
24 oz
5 lbs
10 lb
24 oz
24 oz
.42 oz
.49 oz
.42 oz
2.1 oz
10 lb
6 oz
12 oz
30 oz
16 oz
3.33 oz
1 qt
1 lb 2 oz
11 oz
15 oz
.74 oz
6 lb 2 oz
1 gal
24 oz

Formulation
Granules
Concentrate
Granules
RTU Spray
Granules
Granules
RTU
Concentrate
Stakes
Bait
Bait
Bait
Granules
Bait
Bait
RTU Liquid
Concentrate
Bait - 10 ea
RTU
Fogger
Spray
Spray
Granules
RTU
RTU

88

Monsanto
Monterey
Monterey
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
Real Kill
Real Kill
Real Kill
Real Kill
Real Kill
Real Kill
Real Kill
Real Kill
Real Kill
Real Kill

Round Up
Oxalis killer
Monterey Weed Hoe
Home Defense
Bug B Gon
Home Defense hi power
Hornet/Wasp
Home Defense
Bug B Gon Conc
Diazinon Soil/Fert
Diazinon
Bug B Gon
Volck Oil
Malathion 50 Plus
Malathion 50 Plus
Rose & Flowers
Fungrer
Orthonix Insect
Orthene System
Daconil
Doconil
Isolix
Weed B Gon
Weed B gon
Weed B Gon
Weed B Gon
Triox
Weed B Gon
Weed B Gon
Grass B Gon
Brush B Gon
Brush B Gon
Weed B Gon
Bug --- Plus
Bug --- Plus
Flea Killer Plus
Ant/Roach Outdoor
Fumigator
Home/Garden Multi Bug
Grass/Weed
Flea Fogger
Home Insec Control
Ant/Roach Spray
Wasp/Hornet
Indoor Fogger
Rat Killer Place
Mouse Killer Place Pak
Rat & Mouse Killer Pellets
Rat & Mouse Bars

64 oz
1 qt
1 qt
1 gal
1 gal
15 oz
15 oz
15 oz
32 oz
10 lb
32 oz
24 oz
16 oz
32 oz
16 oz
24 oz
16 oz
16 oz
16 oz
32 oz
16 oz
16 oz
1 gal
32 oz
32 oz
24 oz
32 oz
16 oz
24 oz
24 oz
16 oz
24 oz
32 oz
3 lb
5 lb
16 oz
17.5 oz
1 lb 2 oz
11 oz
1 gal
10 oz
1 gal
17.5 oz
17.5 oz
36 oz
6 oz
4.5 oz
10 oz
6 oz

Concentrate
Concentrate
Concentrate
RTU
RTU
Fogger - 3 x .5 oz
Spray
Spray
Concentrate
Granules
Liquid Conc
RTU
Concentrate
Concentrate
Concentrate
RTU
Concentrate
Concentrate
Concentrate
Liquid Conc
Concentrate
Concentrate
RTU
Concentrate
Concentrate
RTU
Concentrate
Concentrate
RTU
RTU
Concentrate
RTU
Concentrate
Granules
Granules
Spray
Spray
Foggers - 3
Spray
RTU
Fogger
RTU
Spray
Spray
Fogger 6-6 oz
Pak 8- .75oz
Pak 6- .75 oz
Pellets
Bars - 12 - .5 oz

89

Real Kill
Real Kill
Real Kill
Real Kill
Real Kill
Real Kill
Repel
Safer
Safer
Safer
Safer
Shultz
Shultz
Spectracide
Spectracide
Spectracide
Spectracide
Spectracide
Spectracide
Spectracide
Spectracide
Spectracide
Spectracide
Spectracide
Spectracide
Spectracide
Spectracide
Spectracide
Spectracide
Spectracide
Spectracide
Spectracide
Sungro
Sunrise/Sunset
Term Out
Victor
Victor
Victor
Victor
Vigora
Vigora
Vigora
Wilco
Wilco
Zep
Zep
Zep
Zep

Mult Purpose Insect Killers
Malathion Spray
Diazinon
Multi Purp Conc
Diazinon Conc
Diazinon Granules
Dog/Cat
Garden Fungicide
Rose & Flowers
Yard & Garden
Caterpiller Killer
Houseplant/Garden
Insect Spray
Ant Shield
Ant Shield
Tomato/Veg Spray
Termite
Tomato/Veg Spray
Tomato/Veg Spray
Grass & Weed
Immunox Plus
Contact Insect
Residual Insc
Broadleaf weed
Turf/Ornamental Fungicide
10/ Pyrothin
Wasp/Hornet
Time Release Insc
Mouse/rat
Ant Bait Stakes
Diazinon 4 E
Non Selective herb
Killer (weed)
Pest Oil
Kills Termites
Poison Free Wasp/Hornet
Poison Free Flying Insect
Roach Killing Powder
Poison Free Ant/Roach
Snail/Slug
Snail/Slug
Lawn Weed
Gopher Killer
Ground Squirel bait
Flea Spray
Flea Powder
Rat & Mouse
Wasp

1 qt
1 qt
1 qt
1 qt
1 qt
1 lab
2 lb
32 oz
32 oz
32 oz
8 oz
24 oz
12 oz
2 lb
16 oz
24 oz
5 oz
1 gal
1 qt
48 oz
1 pt
20 oz
20 oz
1 qt
2 qt
1 qt
18 oz
72 oz
1 lb 2 oz
3.36 oz
1 qt
1 gal
1 gal
1 qt
13 oz
17.5 oz
17.5 oz
1 lb
17.5 oz
5 lb
25 lb
15 lb
1 lb
4 lb
1 gal
2 lb
25 grams
16 oz

Spray Conc
Spray Conc
Spray Conc
Liquid Conc
Liquid Conc
Granules
RTU
Rtu
RTU
Concentrate
Concentrate
RTU
Granules
Spray
Spray
Stakes
Concentrate
Concentrate
Concentrate
Spray Conc
Spray Conc
Spray Conc
Spray Conc
Spray Conc
Spray Conc
Spray
Fogger
Granules
bait
Liquid Conc
Liquid Conc
Concentrate
Liquid RTU
Spray
Spray
Spray
Powder
Spray
Granules
Granules
Granules
Granules
Granules
Spray
Granules
Granules
Spray

90

Grocery Store
Manuf/Brnd
Combat
Combat
Combat
Combat
Combat
D Con
D Con
D Con
Grants
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
Roach Motel

Prod Name

Size

Formulation

Quick Kill Ant
.21 oz
Quick Kill Lg Roach
.49 oz
Quick Kill Roach form
.59 oz
Roach Control
.59 oz
Roach Prevention
.49 oz
Traps Mice
2 traps
Kills Mice
1.5 oz
Kills Mice I Rats
12 oz
Kills Ants
3.33 oz
Citronella Bucket
Skintfanastic
3 oz
Magic Color Skin
6 oz
Unscented
6 oz
Max Roach
.63 oz
Max Roach Eggs
.63 oz
Max Roach Sm
.63 oz
Ant Plus
.24 oz
Ant
.24 oz
Double Cntrl Ant Bait
.28 oz
Ant & Insect
17.5 oz
Ant & Roach Cntry Fresh 12 oz
Ant & Roach 0/Door Fresh 12 oz
Roach
14oz
Ant & Roach Cntrl Fresh 17 oz
Ant & Roach 0/Door Fres 17.5 oz
Ant & Roach unscent
17.5 oz
ConcFogger
1.5 oz
Roaches Fumigator
1.5 oz
Max Deep Roach Fogger 6.3 oz
Max Ig Roach
0.7 oz
FleaFogger
15 oz
Flying Insect 0/Door
15 oz
Wasp/Hornet
14 oz
House/Garden/MultiBug 11 oz
Flea Killer
16 oz
Flea Killer Plus
16 oz
Pest Free
Box

Bait (6)
Bait (8)
Bait (12)
Bar - 12
Bar (8)
bait
bait
4 traps
10 stakes
Can
Cream
Lotion
spray
Bait (12)
Bait (12)
Bait (12)
Bait (4)
Bait (4)
Bait
Spray
Spray
Spray
Spray
Spray
Spray
Spray
Fogger
Fum (3 pk)
3 pk Fogger
bait
3 pk Fogger
Spray
Spray
Spray
Spray
Spray
Trap

Drug Store
Manuf/Brnd

Prod Name

Size

Formulation

Bayer Adv Home
Bayer Adv Home
Black Flag
Black Flag
Currys
Currys

Home Pest Cntrl I/O
Home Pest Cntrl I/O
Roach & Ant -Pine
Roach & Ant -Spring
Slug & Snail Bait
Slug & Snail Bait

24 oz
1 gal
17.5 oz
17.5 oz
2 lb 4 oz
2 lb 4 oz

RTU
RTU
Spray
Spray
Granules
Pellets

91

D Con
D Con
D con
Dexol
Dexol
Garden Tech
Garden Tech
Grants
Grants
Grants
Grants
Grants
Green Light
Greenview
Hot Shot
Hot Shot
Last Bite
Maxide
Maxide
Maxide
Maxide
Maxide
Maxide
Monsanto
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID

Mouse Pruff II Kills Mice
Kills Mice/Rats
Kills Rats
Home Insect Killer
Sys lnsectcide Rose
Sevin
Sevin 5
Kills Ants
Kills Ants
Liquid Ant Killer Bait
Repels Dogs & Cats
Ant & Spider Killer
Rose Defense
Preen Prevent Weeds
Roach & Ant
Roach & Ant Killer Z
Snail & Slug Killer
Ant,Roach, Spider
Diazinon Insect Killer
Diazinon Insect Killer
Dandilion & Broadleaf
HornetWaspYIw JacketiS oz
Home Pest Insect
Weed & Grass RoundUp24 oz
Skinfantastic
Yard & Deck Repellent
Unscented Spray
Deep Woods
Skintastic w/Sunscrn
Skintastic w/Aloe
Skintastic for Kids
Skintastic Magic Color
Weed B Gon
Rose & Flwr Insect
Bug B Gon
Rose Pride insect disease
Ant/Roach Cntry Fresh
Roach & Ant unscented
Ant/Roach Outdoor
Ant unscented
Flying Insect
House & garden
Wasp Hornet killer
Max Conc Deep Roach
Max Roach & Ant
Flea Killer Plus
Double Cntrl Ant Bait
Raid Ant Baits Plus
Ant Bait

1.5 oz
12 oz
12 oz
1 gal
5 lb
32oz
1.5 lb
3.33 oz
1.33 oz
2 oz
2 lb
14 oz
1 qt
2 lb
17.5 oz
17.5 oz
2.25 lb
18 oz
1 lb
24 oz
24 oz
15 oz
1 gal
6 oz
16 oz
6oz
6 oz
3oz
6 oz
6 oz
6 oz
24 oz
24 oz
24 oz
14 oz
17.5 oz
17.5 oz
17.5 oz
17.5 oz
15 oz
11 oz
14 oz
4.5 oz
14 oz
16 oz
.25 oz
.24 oz
.24 oz

Bait
Bait
Bait (4)
RTU
Granules
RIU
Dust
10 stakes
Bait (4)
Liquid
Granules
Granules
RTU
Granules
Spray
Spray
Pellets
Spray
Granules
RTU
RTU
RTU
RTU
RTU
lotion
Spray
Spray
Spray
Cream
Spray
Spray
Spray
RTU Spray
RTU Spray
RTU Spray
Spray
Spray
Spray
Spray
Spray
Spray
Spray
Spray
Fogger
Spray
Spray
Bait (4)
Bait (4)
Bait (4)

92

RAID
Raid
Roach Motel
Round UP
Round UP
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Security Brand
Sluggo
Spectracide
Store Brand
Store Brand
Terro
Terro
Term Out
Zap a Roach

Fumigator
Flea Killer Plus

3 pk
16 oz

Fumigator
Dust/Gran

Weed/Grass Conc
Weed/Grass Conc
Houseplants Insect
Expert Gardener Insect
White Fly Mealy Bug
Finale Weed & Grass Killer
Kills Snails/Slugs
Immunox + aphids
Roach Control Sys
Ant Control Sys
Ant Dust
Liquid Ant Baits
Kill Termite,Ant, Roach
Boric Acid

16 oz
32 oz
24 oz
24 oz
12 oz
24 oz
1 lb
14 oz
.84 oz
.355 oz
16 oz
2.2 oz
13 oz
1 lb

Liquid Conc
Liquid Conc
RTU Spray
RTU Spray
RTU Spray
RTU Spray
Granules
Spray
12 trays
4 trays
Dust
Liquid
Spray
Powder

Discount Dept. Store
Manuf/Brnd

Prod Name

Size

Formulation

Bayer Adv Gard
Bayer Adv Gard
Bayer Adv Gard
Bayer Adv Gard
Bonide
Bonide
Bonide
Bonide
Garden Place
Garden Place
Garden Place
Garden Place
Garden Place
Garden Place
Garden Place
Greenlight
Greenlight
Greenlight
Greenlight
Greenlight
Greenlight
Greenlight
Greenlight
Greenlight
Greenlight
Miracle Grow
Monsanto
Monsanto

Lawn & Garden Multi
Weed killer
Lawn & Gard Mult Insect
Rose & Flower Care
Slug & Snail
Eight Insect Control
Rose & Flower Care
Fung Oil
Ant Flea & Tick
Diazinon
Home & Insect Control
Snail & Slug
Grass & Weed Killer
Grass & Weed Killer
Wasp & Hornet
Broadleaf Weed prev
Amaze Grass Weed Prev
Wipe Out Broadleaf
Wipe Out Broadleaf
Conquest Insecticide
Rose Defense
Rate & mouse bait
Dog/Cat Repellant
MSMA Crabgrass Killer
Diazinon Gran
Garden Weed Prevent
Round Up
Round Up

2 lb
24 oz
32 oz
5 lbs
32 oz
32 oz
32 oz
32 oz
10 lb
10 lb
1 gal
2.25 lb
1 gal
1 pt
17.5 oz
10 lb
4 lb
1 gal
1 qt
1 qt
1 qt
4.5 oz
1.5 lb
1 pt
1 lb
5 lbs
32 oz
16 oz

RTU Granules
Spray
Spray
RTU Granules
RTU Liquid
RTU Spray
RTU Spray
Spray
Granules
Granules
Liquid
Liquid
Liquid
Concentrate
Spray
Granules
Granules
RTU Liquid
RTU Liquid
Spray Conc
RTU Spray
Bait (3)
Granules
Concentrate
Granules
Granules
Liquid Conc
Liquid Conc

93

Monsanto
Monsanto
Monsanto
Monsanto
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Ortho
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Spectracide
Spectracide
Spectracide
Spectracide
Spectracide
Victor
Victor
Victor

Round Up
Round Up
Round Up
Round Up
Home Defense Spray
Pull N Spray Home Def
Home Defense
Bug B Gon
Bug B Gon
Bug B Gon
Bug B Gon Lock n Spray
Daconil
Daconil Ultra
Bug Geta
Rose Pride Triple Action
Rose Pride orthonex
Home Defense Hi Power
Diazinon Ultra
Ortho KIor Soil Insect
Bug B Gon
Diazinon Gran
Brush B Gon
Weed B Gon
Weed B Gon Crabgrass
Weed B Gon Chickweed
Hornet & Wasp
Home Defense
Diazinon
Ant Stop
Dursban lock n spray
Ant Stop Killer Bait
Insect Spray
Fungicide
Insect Spray
Grass & Weed Killer
Grass & Weed Killer
Bug Stop Multi Purp conc
Ant Shield
Bug Stop In/Out
Roach Powder (Boric Acid)
Wasp & Hornet
Ant & Roach Poison Free

24 oz
RTU Spray
1 gal
RTU Spray
64 oz
RTU Spray
64 oz
RTU Spray
1 gal
Spray Liquid
1.33 gal Spray Liquid
24 oz
Spray Liquid
1 gal
Spray Liquid
1/2 Gal
Spray Liquid
32 oz
Spray Liquid
32 oz
Spray Liquid
16 oz
Concentrate
16 oz
Concentrate
2 lb 4 oz Granules
14 oz
Spray
14 oz
Spray
15 oz
Fogger (3)
32 oz
Concentrate
32 oz
Concentrate
32 oz
Concentrate
1 lb
Granules
19 oz
Spray
24 oz
Spray
16 oz
RTU
16 oz
Concentrate
15 oz
Spray
15 oz
Spray
10 lb
Granules
16 oz
Spray
Spray
Bait
12 oz
Spray
12 oz
Spray
15 oz
Spray
1 qt
Liquid Spray
40 oz
Liquid Refill
32 oz
Spray Conc
2 lb
Granules
32 oz
Spray
1 lb
Powder
17.5 oz
Spray
17.5 oz
Spray

94

Appendix F. Total amount of pesticide by active ingredient sold by the 8 stores
that provided sales data.

Pesticide active ingredient by hardware
vendors
2,4-D, DIMETHYLAMINE SALT
ACEPHATE
ACIFLUORFEN, SODIUM SALT
ALLETHRIN
ARSENIC TRIOXIDE
AVERMECTIN
BENOMYL
BIFENTHRIN
BORAX
BORIC ACID
BROMADIOLONE
CARBARYL
CHLOROPHACINONE
CHLORPYRIFOS
CYFLUTHRIN
CYPERMETHRIN
D-ALLETHRIN
DDVP
DDVP, OTHER RELATED
DEET
DEET, OTHER RELATED
DELTAMETHRIN
DIAZINON
DICAMBA, DIMETHYLAMINE SALT
DIPHACINONE
DIQUAT DIBROMIDE
DISODIUM OCTABORATE TETRAHYDRATE
DISULFOTON
DODECYL AMMONIUM METHANEARSONATE
D-TRANS ALLETHRIN
FENBUTATIN-OXIDE
FIPRONIL
FLUAZIFOP-BUTYL
GLUFOSINATE-AMMONIUM
GLYPHOSATE, ISOPROPYLAMINE SALT
HYDRAMETHYLNON
IMIDACLOPRID
IMIPROTHRIN
IRON PHOSPHATE
ISOPARAFFINIC HYDROCARBONS
LIMONENE
MALATHION

Total ai (lb) from
6 stores
surveyed
28.99
14.45
0.23
0.44
0.45
0.02
0.31
2.21
2.73
415.50
0.00
103.13
0.01
38.29
0.10
1.05
0.14
0.11
0.01
10.95
0.58
0.16
551.35
0.85
0.00
3.62
48.02
8.56
3.76
1.25
2.66
0.01
0.14
2.31
153.36
0.11
0.01
1.05
1.94
440.32
64.15
230.00

Extrapolated
ai (lb) for all
hardware
stores in
watershed*
72.48
36.13
0.58
1.10
1.13
0.05
0.78
5.53
6.82
1038.75
0.00
257.83
0.02
95.00
0.25
2.62
0.34
0.26
0.01
27.38
1.44
0.40
1378.36
2.13
0.00
9.04
120.05
21.40
9.40
3.12
6.66
0.03
0.35
5.78
383.41
0.26
0.03
2.62
4.84
1100.79
160.37
575.00

95

MCPP, DIMETHYLAMINE SALT
METALDEHYDE
N-OCTYL BICYCLOHEPTENE DICARBOXIMIDE
OCTYLAMMONIUM METHANEARSONATE
OLEIC ACID, POTASSIUM SALT
PERMETHRIN
PETROLEUM DISTILLATES
PETROLEUM DISTILLATES, REFINED
PETROLEUM OIL, UNCLASSIFIED
PHENOTHRIN
PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE
PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE, OTHER RELATED
POTASH SOAP
PROMETON
PROPOXUR
PYRETHRINS
RESMETHRIN
ROTENONE
SULFUR
TETRAMETHRIN
TRALOMETHRIN
TRICLOPYR, TRIETHYLAMINE SALT
TRIFLURALIN
TRIFORINE
WARFARIN
XYLENE RANGE AROMATIC SOLVENT

26.75
1135.36
3.42
3.76
8.92
3.59
85.15
164.01
172.66
0.90
4.16
0.75
35.48
2.23
3.23
1.56
0.57
0.27
75.60
0.82
0.53
1.68
0.22
18.53
0.08
8.25

66.87
2838.41
8.54
9.40
22.29
8.97
212.88
410.02
431.65
2.26
10.40
1.88
88.71
5.58
8.09
3.90
2.26
0.66
189.00
2.05
1.32
4.20
0.55
46.33
0.19
20.63

*Total ai sold for hardware stores is estimated from extrapolating the data from 6 hardware stores in the
watershed.
Six hardware stores represent 40% of all hardware stores in the watershed that sell pesticides. Therefore,
total estimated ai sold in by hardware stores in the watershed is estimated by dividing the ai by 0.4.

96

Pesticide active ingredient by nursery vendors
2,4-D
2,4-D, DIETHANOLAMINE SALT
2,4-D, DIMETHYLAMINE SALT
ACEPHATE
ALKYL (60%C14, 30%C16, 5%C12, 5%C18)
DIMETHYLBENZYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
ALKYL (68%C12, 32%C14) DIMETHYLETHYLBENZYL
AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
AMMONIUM TALL OIL FATTY ACID SOAP
BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS (BERLINER), SUBSP.
KURSTAKI, SEROTYPE 3A,3B
BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS (BERLINER), SUBSP.
KURSTAKI, STRAIN EG2371
BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS, VAR. KURSTAKI DELTA
ENDOTOXINS CRY 1A(C) AND CRY 1C (GENETICALLY
ENGINEERED) ENCAPSULATED IN PSEUDOMONA
BENEFIN
BENOMYL
BENTAZON, SODIUM SALT
BIFENTHRIN
BROMADIOLONE
CALCIUM ACID METHANEARSONATE
CARBARYL
CHLOROPHACINONE
CHLOROTHALONIL
CHLORPYRIFOS
CLARIFIED HYDROPHOBIC EXTRACT OF NEEM OIL
COPPER SULFATE (BASIC)
CYFLUTHRIN
DIAZINON
DICAMBA
DICAMBA, DIMETHYLAMINE SALT
DICOFOL
DISULFOTON
DODECYL AMMONIUM METHANEARSONATE
D-TRANS ALLETHRIN
ENDOSULFAN
ESFENVALERATE
ETHEPHON
FENBUTATIN-OXIDE
FLUAZIFOP-BUTYL
FOSETYL-AL
GLYPHOSATE, ISOPROPYLAMINE SALT
HYDRAMETHYLNON
IMAZAPYR, ISOPROPYLAMINE SALT

Total ai (lb) from
2 stores in
watershed
1.09
0.12
5.52
30.18

Extrapolated ai (lb)
for all nursery
vendors in the
watershed*
5.45
0.60
27.60
150.90

26.02

130.11

24.01
0.31

120.03
1.53

4.12

20.58

1.50

7.50

1.92
1.60
3.50
5.28
0.00
0.00
2.47
55.84
0.00
3.55
2.29
1959.95
11.76
3.35
27.44
0.10
0.33
0.36
14.80
1.92
0.07
2.20
0.13
0.47
1.58
0.44
4.80
42.54
0.72
0.04

9.60
7.98
17.50
26.40
0.02
0.01
12.33
279.20
0.01
17.76
11.46
9799.74
58.80
16.73
137.20
0.50
1.67
1.80
74.00
9.60
0.34
10.98
0.65
2.34
7.88
2.19
24.00
212.69
3.60
0.19

97

IMIDACLOPRID
IRON PHOSPHATE
LIME-SULFUR
MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE
MALATHION
MCPA, DIMETHYLAMINE SALT
MCPP
MCPP, DIETHANOLAMINE SALT
MCPP, DIMETHYLAMINE SALT
METALDEHYDE
METHYL NONYL KETONE
METHYL NONYL KETONE, OTHER RELATED
MSMA
NAA, ETHYL ESTER
N-DIALKYL (60%C14, 30%C16, 5%C12, 5%C18) METHYL
BENZYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
OCTYLAMMONIUM METHANEARSONATE
OLEIC ACID, POTASSIUM SALT
ORYZALIN
PERMETHRIN
PETROLEUM DISTILLATES
PETROLEUM DISTILLATES, AROMATIC
PETROLEUM DISTILLATES, REFINED
PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
PETROLEUM OIL, UNCLASSIFIED
PHENOTHRIN
PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE
PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE, OTHER RELATED
POTASH SOAP
PROPOXUR
PYRETHRINS
RESMETHRIN
RESMETHRIN, OTHER RELATED
SETHOXYDIM
SULFUR
TRIADIMEFON
TRICLOPYR, BUTOXYETHYL ESTER
TRICLOPYR, TRIETHYLAMINE SALT
TRIFORINE
XYLENE RANGE AROMATIC SOLVENT

3.92
207.62
12.02
19.58
42.50
0.03
0.48
0.13
7.58
21.91
2.94
0.16
32.74
0.19

19.61
1038.10
60.12
97.92
212.50
0.13
2.38
0.65
37.89
109.54
14.71
0.81
163.72
0.95

0.38
1.92
5.48
9.27
0.06
4.72
0.33
1029.50
0.75
61.92
0.05
1.05
0.26
1481.05
0.37
0.38
0.30
0.00
2.16
36.33
0.16
14.78
6.65
15.75
41.59

1.92
9.60
27.39
46.36
0.30
23.60
1.65
5147.48
3.76
309.60
0.23
5.24
1.31
7405.25
1.87
1.92
1.52
0.02
10.80
181.65
0.79
73.92
33.26
78.75
207.95

*Total ai sold for nuseries is estimated from extrapolating the data from 2 nurseries in the watershed.
Two nurseries represent 20% of all nurseries in the watershed that sell pesticides. Therefore,
total estimated ai sold in by nurseries in the watershed is estimated by dividing the ai by 0.2.

98

Total ai sold extrapolated for watershed*

Ingredient
2,4-D
2,4-D, DIETHANOLAMINE SALT
2,4-D, DIMETHYLAMINE SALT
ACEPHATE
ACIFLUORFEN, SODIUM SALT
ALKYL (60%C14, 30%C16, 5%C12, 5%C18) DIMETHYLBENZYL
AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
ALKYL (68%C12, 32%C14) DIMETHYLETHYLBENZYL
AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
ALLETHRIN
AMMONIUM TALL OIL FATTY ACID SOAP
ARSENIC TRIOXIDE
AVERMECTIN
BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS (BERLINER), SUBSP. KURSTAKI,
SEROTYPE 3A,3B
BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS (BERLINER), SUBSP. KURSTAKI,
STRAIN EG2371
BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS, VAR. KURSTAKI DELTA
ENDOTOXINS CRY 1A(C) AND CRY 1C (GENETICALLY
ENGINEERED) ENCAPSULATED IN PSEUDOMONA
BENEFIN
BENOMYL
BENTAZON, SODIUM SALT
BIFENTHRIN
BORAX
BORIC ACID
BROMADIOLONE
CALCIUM ACID METHANEARSONATE
CARBARYL
CHLOROPHACINONE
CHLOROTHALONIL
CHLORPYRIFOS
CLARIFIED HYDROPHOBIC EXTRACT OF NEEM OIL
COPPER SULFATE (BASIC)
CYFLUTHRIN
CYPERMETHRIN
D-ALLETHRIN
DDVP
DDVP, OTHER RELATED
DEET
DEET, OTHER RELATED
DELTAMETHRIN

Total ai (lb)
for all stores
surveyed
5.45
0.60
100.08
187.03
0.58

Extrapolated ai (lb)
for all noncommercial sales in
watershed
36.30
4.03
667.19
1246.88
3.84

130.11

867.38

120.03
1.10
1.53
1.13
0.05

800.18
7.35
10.23
7.53
0.34

20.58

137.23

7.50

50.00

9.60
7.98
18.28
26.40
5.55
6.82
1038.75
0.01
12.33
537.03
0.04
17.76
106.46
9799.74
58.80
16.98
2.62
0.34
0.26
0.01
27.38
1.44
0.40

64.00
53.17
121.88
176.00
37.00
45.45
6925.02
0.04
82.20
3580.23
0.24
118.40
709.75
65331.60
392.00
113.18
17.50
2.25
1.75
0.09
182.52
9.61
2.67

99

DIAZINON
DICAMBA
DICAMBA, DIMETHYLAMINE SALT
DICOFOL
DIPHACINONE
DIQUAT DIBROMIDE
DISODIUM OCTABORATE TETRAHYDRATE
DISULFOTON
DODECYL AMMONIUM METHANEARSONATE
D-TRANS ALLETHRIN
ENDOSULFAN
ESFENVALERATE
ETHEPHON
FENBUTATIN-OXIDE
FIPRONIL
FLUAZIFOP-BUTYL
FOSETYL-AL
GLUFOSINATE-AMMONIUM
GLYPHOSATE, ISOPROPYLAMINE SALT
HYDRAMETHYLNON
IMAZAPYR, ISOPROPYLAMINE SALT
IMIDACLOPRID
IMIPROTHRIN
IRON PHOSPHATE
ISOPARAFFINIC HYDROCARBONS
LIME-SULFUR
LIMONENE
MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE
MALATHION
MCPA, DIMETHYLAMINE SALT
MCPP
MCPP, DIETHANOLAMINE SALT
MCPP, DIMETHYLAMINE SALT
METALDEHYDE
METHYL NONYL KETONE
METHYL NONYL KETONE, OTHER RELATED
MSMA
NAA, ETHYL ESTER
N-DIALKYL (60%C14, 30%C16, 5%C12, 5%C18) METHYL
BENZYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
N-OCTYL BICYCLOHEPTENE DICARBOXIMIDE
OCTYLAMMONIUM METHANEARSONATE
OLEIC ACID, POTASSIUM SALT
ORYZALIN
PERMETHRIN
PETROLEUM DISTILLATES
PETROLEUM DISTILLATES, AROMATIC
PETROLEUM DISTILLATES, REFINED
PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS

1515.56
0.50
3.80
1.80
0.00
9.04
120.05
95.40
19.00
3.45
10.98
0.65
2.34
14.54
0.03
2.54
24.00
5.78
596.10
3.86
0.19
19.64
2.62
1042.95
1100.79
60.12
160.37
97.92
787.50
0.13
2.38
0.65
104.75
2947.95
14.71
0.81
163.72
0.95

10103.75
3.30
25.37
12.00
0.03
60.30
800.33
636.00
126.67
23.02
73.20
4.30
15.60
96.91
0.23
16.91
160.00
38.53
3973.98
25.76
1.28
130.94
17.50
6952.98
7338.63
400.80
1069.13
652.80
5250.00
0.89
15.84
4.31
698.35
19652.99
98.08
5.40
1091.47
6.33

1.92
8.54
19.00
49.68
46.36
9.27
236.48
1.65
5557.50
3.76

12.80
56.93
126.67
331.18
309.03
61.83
1576.52
11.00
37050.00
25.07

100

PETROLEUM OIL, UNCLASSIFIED
PHENOTHRIN
PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE
PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE, OTHER RELATED
POTASH SOAP
PROMETON
PROPOXUR
PYRETHRINS
RESMETHRIN
RESMETHRIN, OTHER RELATED
ROTENONE
SETHOXYDIM
SULFUR
TRALOMETHRIN
TRIADIMEFON
TRICLOPYR, BUTOXYETHYL ESTER
TRICLOPYR, TRIETHYLAMINE SALT
TRIFLURALIN
TRIFORINE
WARFARIN
XYLENE RANGE AROMATIC SOLVENT

741.25
2.49
15.65
3.19
7493.96
5.58
9.95
5.82
3.78
0.02
0.66
10.80
370.65
3.37
0.79
73.92
37.46
0.55
125.08
0.19
228.58

4941.67
16.58
104.32
21.26
49959.70
37.20
66.36
38.80
25.22
0.13
4.42
72.00
2471.00
22.45
5.28
492.80
249.73
3.68
833.88
1.26
1523.89

*Nursery and hardware stores combined are assumed to account for 15% of all pesticide sales in the watershed,
based on the Residential Telephone Survey.
Therefore, the extrapolated figure for total ai in the watershed is derived by dividing the sum of the extrapolated
values for the hardware and nursery stores by 0.15.

101