NAHMS 194 Dairy 2007 VS Second Visit

Animal and
Plant Health
Inspection
Service

Dairy 2007
VS Second Visit

Veterinary
Services

National Animal Health
Monitoring System

(May 1-July 31, 2007)

2150 Centre Ave Bldg B
Fort Collins, CO 80526
Form Approved
OMB Number 0579-0205
Approval expires:
4/30/2010

State FIPS:

Operation #:

2 digits

4 digits

Interviewer:
Initials

Date:
(mm/dd/yy)

Section A—Reproduction
1. In the last 12 months, how many days after calving were cows declared
eligible to be bred (elective or voluntary waiting period)? .............................. S001

_____ days

2. Which of the following were used to detect heat (estrus) in the last 12 months?
a. Visual observation.................................................................................... S002

†1 Yes

†3 No

b. Tail chalk/paint ......................................................................................... S003

†1 Yes

†3 No

c.

Pedometers.............................................................................................. S004

†1 Yes

†3 No

d. Pressure devices (Kamar™).................................................................... S005

†1 Yes

†3 No

e. HeatWatch® Estrus Detection System .................................................... S006

†1 Yes

†3 No

f.

Bulls (natural service)............................................................................... S007

†1 Yes

†3 No

g. Other (specify: ____________________)S008OTH...................................... S008

†1 Yes

†3 No

3. Is there a designated person(s) who is specifically responsible
for visually observing heats (estrus)? ............................................................. S009

†1 Yes

†3 No

4. Does this operation have a set number of times per day and
duration for observing heats? ........................................................................ S010

†1 Yes

†3 No

If Item 2a = NO, SKIP to Item 6.

If Item 4 = NO, SKIP to Item 6.
5. On average, how many times per day and for how long each
time were cows visually observed for heat?......................... S011/012

______
Times/day

According to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, no persons are required to respond to a collection of information unless it
displays a valid OMB control number. The valid OMB control number for this information collection is 0579-0205. The time
required to complete this information collection is estimated to average 1.25 hours per response, including the time to review
instructions, search existing data resources, gather the data needed, and complete and review the information collected.

___ ______
Duration
each time
(minutes)

NAHMS-194
JAN 2007

State/Operation # __________________

6. Which of the following categories best describes first
service breeding practices for the majority of heifers and cows in
the last 12 months? (Choose one code for heifers and one code for cows.)
Codes:
1 = Natural service (bull-bred)
2 = AI to natural estrus (no injections given to induce estrus)
3 = AI to induced estrus (prostaglandin injections only)
4 = AI to induced estrus after Ovsynch program (prostaglandin and GnRH injections)
5 = Timed AI after Ovsynch program (prostaglandin and GnRH injections)
6 = AI to estrus after Presynch/Ovsynch
7 = Timed AI after Presynch/Ovsynch
8 = Other (specify: _______________________)S013OTH.......................................... S013/014

_____
Heifers

_____
Cows

7. Which of the following categories best describes second or greater
service breeding practices for the majority of heifers and cows in the
last 12 months? (Chose one code for heifers and one code for cows.)
Codes:
1 = Natural service (bull-bred)
2 = AI to natural estrus (no injections given to induce estrus)
3 = AI to induced estrus (prostaglandin injections only)
4 = AI to induced estrus after Ovsynch program (prostaglandin and GnRH injections)
5 = Timed AI after Ovsynch program (prostaglandin and GnRH injections)
6 = AI to induced estrus after Resynch (Ovsynch’s 1st GnRH started 1 week
prior to, or at, pregnancy diagnosis)
7 = Timed AI to Resynch (Ovsynch’s 1st GnRH started 1 week
prior to, or at, pregnancy diagnosis)
8 = Other (specify: _______________________)S015OTH ......................... S015/016

_____
Heifers

_____
Cows

8. In the last 12 months, were timed-AI programs used to manage
reproduction in any:
a. Heifers?.................................................................................................... S017

†1 Yes

†3 No

b. Cows? .................................................................................................... S018

†1 Yes

†3 No

If Items 8a and 8b = NO, SKIP to Item 11.
9. How many years have timed-AI programs (e.g., Ovsynch) been used?............. S019

_____

10. Which best describes why timed-AI programs are being used
to manage reproduction?
(Check one only.)
†1 To control all 1st and subsequent services
†2 To control only 2nd and greater services
†3 Only occasionally to catch up on nonpregnant cows
†4 Other (specify: __________________________)S020OTH

Dairy 2007 VS Second Visit Questionnaire

S020

2

State/Operation # __________________

11. Did this operation use a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) insert
in the last 12 months? .................................................................................... S021

†1 Yes

†3 No

a. As part of a herd synchronization program? ............................................ S022

†1 Yes

†3 No

b. Specifically for animals identified as anestrus (acyclic)? ......................... S023

†1 Yes

†3 No

c.

Specifically for animals identified as cystic? ............................................ S024

†1 Yes

†3 No

d. Postbreeding? .......................................................................................... S025

†1 Yes

†3 No

e. Other? (specify: _____________________)S026OTH.................................. S026

†1 Yes

†3 No

If YES, were they used:

12. Which of the following best describes who administered the
majority of reproductive injections in the last 12 months?
(Check one only.)
†1 Owner/operator
†2 Herdsman
†3 General employee
†4 Veterinarian
†5 AI service/technician
†6 No reproductive injections administered
†7 Other (specify: _______________)S027OTH

S027

13. Did any heifers or cows have embryos transplanted into them in the
last 12 months? ................................................................................................... S028 †1 Yes

†3 No

If YES, how many heifers and how many cows received:
a. Fresh embryos? ....................................................................................S029/030

_____
Heifers

_____
Cows

b. Frozen embryos? ..................................................................................S031/032

_____
Heifers

_____
Cows

14. In the last 12 months, what percentage of pregnancies was conceived through:
a. Natural service (bull bred)?...................................................................................... S033

_____ %

b. AI after detected estrus (natural or induced)? ......................................................... S034

_____ %

c.

Timed AI without detected estrus?........................................................................... S035

_____ %

d. Embryo Transfer (ET) using superovulated embryo?.............................................. S036

_____ %

e. Embryo Transfer (ET) using in vitro produced embryo?.......................................... S037

_____ %

Total (should equal 100%).................................................................................

100%

If Items 14b and 14c = 0, SKIP to Item 19.
15. Which of the following best describes who was responsible
for the majority of AI services in the last 12 months?
(Check one only.)
†1 Owner/operator
†2 Herdsman
†3 General employee
†4 Veterinarian
†5 AI service/technician
†6 Other (specify: _______________)S038OTH
Dairy 2007 VS Second Visit Questionnaire

S038

3

State/Operation # __________________

16. Has this person who is responsible for the majority
of AI services (Item 15) been formally trained
(lecture and lab) in performing AI? ................................................................ S039

†1 Yes

†3 No

17. How many heifers and how many cows were inseminated with
sexed semen in the last 12 months?
a. Heifers .................................................................................................................... S040

_____

b. Cows

.................................................................................................................... S041

_____

18. For cows in which AI was unsuccessful, what was the typical maximum
number of times AI was attempted before these cows were
designated for a different strategy (e.g., moved to a bull pen, sold, etc.)? .................... S042

_______

19. Which of the following best describes how frequently pregnancy exams
(herd or preg checks) were performed in the last 12 months?
(Check one only.)
†1 Weekly
†2 Every 2 weeks
†3 Monthly
†4 Every other month
†5 No pregnancy exams performed
†6 Other (specify: ____________________________)S043OTH

S043

If Item 19 = 5 (No pregnancy exams performed), SKIP to Item 27.
20. Which of the following best describes who performed the majority of
pregnancy exams on this operation in the last 12 months?
(Check one only.)
†1 Private veterinarian
†2 Veterinary technician
†3 Employee veterinarian
†4 Employee (nonveterinarian)
†5 Owner / operator
†6 Other (specify: ____________________________)S044OTH

S044

21. How many days postbreeding was the earliest pregnancy
diagnosis usually made in the last 12 months?........................................................... S045

_____ days

22. In the last 12 months, was pregnancy status routinely determined
on this operation using:
a. Rectal palpation? ..................................................................................... S046

†1 Yes

†3 No

b. Ultrasound?.............................................................................................. S047

†1 Yes

†3 No

c.

Blood test? ............................................................................................... S048

†1 Yes

†3 No

d. Milk progesterone?................................................................................... S049

†1 Yes

†3 No

e. Other? (specify: _____________________________)S050OTH ................. S050

†1 Yes

†3 No

If Item 22b = NO, SKIP to Item 26.
23. In what year was routine ultrasound diagnosis of pregnancy first
performed on this operation?....................................................................................... S051

Dairy 2007 VS Second Visit Questionnaire

_____ year

4

State/Operation # __________________
24. Who owned the ultrasound equipment used for the majority of
pregnancy diagnoses in the last 12 months?
(Check only one.)
†1 Veterinarian
†2 Dairy operation
†3 Other (specify: ______________________________)S052OTH

S052

25. In addition to pregnancy diagnosis, which of the following information
was collected/evaluated during ultrasound exams in the last 12 months?
a. Twin pregnancies ..................................................................................... S053

†1 Yes

†3 No

b. Assessment of fetal viability..................................................................... S054

†1 Yes

†3 No

c.

Noncycling (no heat) cows....................................................................... S055

†1 Yes

†3 No

d. Ovarian cysts ........................................................................................... S056

†1 Yes

†3 No

e. Fetal sexing.............................................................................................. S057

†1 Yes

†3 No

f.

†1 Yes

†3 No

Other (specify: ______________________________)S058OTH ................. S058

26. What was the primary method used most often to restrain cows for pregnancy
diagnosis?
(Check only one.)
†1 Head locks at the feed bunk
†2 Palpation rail
†3 Tie stall/stanchion
†4 Chute
†5 Parlor
†6 Loose in free stalls
†7 Other (specify: __________________________________)S059OTH

S059

27. Please indicate the level of importance of the following reproductive
parameters to you in evaluating reproductive performance in your herd:
Very
important

Somewhat
Not
Important important important

a. Pregnancy rate
(conception rate x heat detection
rate) ............................................................ S060

†1

†2

†3

†4

b. Conception rate ......................................... S061

†1

†2

†3

†4

Heat detection rate
(animals bred + all eligible animals)........... S062

†1

†2

†3

†4

d. Days open .................................................. S063

†1

†2

†3

†4

e. Percentage of herd pregnant ..................... S064

†1

†2

†3

†4

f.

Calving interval........................................... S065

†1

†2

†3

†4

g. Other (specify: ___________)S066OTH .......... S066

†1

†2

†3

†4

c.

Dairy 2007 VS Second Visit Questionnaire

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State/Operation # __________________

Section B—Calving Interventions
28. Does your operation have general guidelines (e.g., standard operating
procedures or established protocols) on when to intervene during calving for:
a. Heifers?..................................................................................................... S067

†1 Yes †3 No

b. Cows? ....................................................................................................... S068

†1 Yes †3 No

If YES for both, are different guidelines used for heifers compared to cows?

†1 Yes †3 No

S069

29. How many people have any work duties in the calving area? ................................ S070

_____

30. Which of the following training methods in calving intervention are used
for owners/employees of this operation?
a. Video training.................................................................................................. S071

†1 Yes †3 No

b. Discussion/lecture .......................................................................................... S072

†1 Yes †3 No

c. On-the-job training ......................................................................................... S073

†1 Yes †3 No

d. Other training (specify: ___________________)S074OTH ................................. S074

†1 Yes †3 No

31. Does your operation have a system for scoring calving difficulty?..................... S075

†1 Yes †3 No

If Item 31 = NO, SKIP to Item 33.
†1 Yes †3 No

32. Does this operation routinely record the calving difficulty score for each birth?. S076
33. On average, how many hours pass between observation periods of
animals close to calving:
a. During the day?................................................................................................... S077

_____ hours

b. During the night?................................................................................................. S078

_____ hours

34. When calving is imminent and heifers and cows are restless/off feed,
how long (in hours) do you wait before examining or assisting the
animal if straining is not observed?
[Use nearest quarter hour if less than 1 hour.] ..................................... S079/080

35. Once straining is observed in heifers and cows, how long (in hours)
do you wait before examining or assisting the animal if delivery
of the calf is not progressing?
[Use nearest quarter hour if less than 1 hour.] .................................... S081/082

36. Once the water bag appears at the vulva in heifers and cows,
how long do you wait (in hours) before examining or assisting
the animal?
[Use nearest quarter hour if less than 1 hour.] ..................................... S083/084

Dairy 2007 VS Second Visit Questionnaire

_____
Heifers

_____
Cows

_____
Heifers

_____
Cows

_____
Heifers

_____
Cows

6

State/Operation # __________________

37. Once a decision is made to intervene, which of the following practices
are generally implemented? (Answer all questions.)
a. Call veterinarian to assist.......................................................................... S085

†1 Yes †3 No

b. Move the cow to an individual maternity pen ............................................ S086

†1 Yes †3 No

c.

Restrain the cow in a head catch or similar equipment ............................ S087

†1 Yes †3 No

d. Tie back or hold the cow’s tail out of the way ......................................... S088

†1 Yes †3 No

e. Wash the perineum area with soap and water ......................................... S089

†1 Yes †3 No

f.

Wear obstetrical gloves............................................................................. S090

†1 Yes †3 No

g. Clean and disinfect chains or other equipment prior to
use in the vagina or uterus ....................................................................... S091

†1 Yes †3 No

h. Use a lubricant .......................................................................................... S092

†1 Yes †3 No

i.

†1 Yes †3 No

Other (specify: ___________________________)S093OTH......................... S093

If Item 37h = NO, SKIP to Item 39.
38. Do you use the following lubricants during calving intervention?
a. Mineral oil.................................................................................................. S094

†1 Yes †3 No

b. Soap .......................................................................................................... S095

†1 Yes †3 No

c.

Water......................................................................................................... S096

†1 Yes †3 No

d. Commercial obstetrical lubricant (e.g., J-Lube) ........................................ S097

†1 Yes †3 No

e. Shortening (e.g., Crisco) ........................................................................... S098

†1 Yes †3 No

f.

†1 Yes †3 No

Other (specify: _________________)S099OTH ............................................. S099

39. Do you use the following for pulling calves (direct contact with calf)?
a. Stainless-steel OB chains ......................................................................... S100

†1 Yes †3 No

b. Twine......................................................................................................... S101

†1 Yes †3 No

c.

Rope.......................................................................................................... S102

†1 Yes †3 No

d. Other (specify: _________________________)S103OTH............................. S103

†1 Yes †3 No

40. Which of the following methods is most commonly used
to apply traction to remove the calf?
(Check one only.)
†1 One or two people pulling on the chains/rope/twine
†2 Ropes tied to posts, etc.
†3 Block and tackle
†4 Winch/come along
†5 Calf jack
†6 Other (specify: __________________)S104OTH

S104

41. During calving intervention, is traction generally applied:
(Check one only.)
†1 In conjunction with the cow straining?
†2 Continuously?

Dairy 2007 VS Second Visit Questionnaire

S105

7

State/Operation # __________________
†1 Yes †3 No

42. Does this operation ever seek veterinary assistance for difficult deliveries? .. S106
If Item 42 = NO, SKIP to Item 45.
43. Would you seek veterinary assistance in the following situations?
a. Unable to correctly position the calf for delivery ....................................... S107

†1 Yes †3 No

b. Traction for a specific amount of time without progress ........................... S108

†1 Yes †3 No

44. From the time you begin intervening during calving for both heifers
and cows, how long (in minutes) on average, do you work on delivering
the calf before calling for veterinary assistance? ........................................ S109/110

_____
Heifers

_____
Cows

45. In the last 12 months, how many heifers and cows:
Heifers

Cows

a. Calved? (= b + c)............................................................................ S111/117

_____

_____

b. Calved without assistance? ........................................................... S112/118

_____

_____

c.

Calved with assistance? (= i + ii + iii) ............................................. S113/119

_____

_____

i.

Severe dystocia? (surgical or mechanical extraction)............. S114/120

_____

_____

ii.

Mild dystocia? .......................................................................... S115/121

_____

_____

iii. No dystocia, but assisted anyway ........................................... S116/122

_____

_____

46. How many of the calves born in the last 12 months were stillborn?
(Include those born alive but died prior to 48 hours.) ................................................ S123

_____

Of the total number of calves that were stillborn, how many were:
a. Born dead (DOA)?........................................................................................ S124

_____

b. Born alive, but died prior to 48 hours? ......................................................... S125

_____

47. For calves that experienced a difficult (assisted) birth, which of the
following are generally done within 1 hour after the calf is delivered?
(Check all that apply.)
a. Resuscitate calf with assisted breathing ................................................... S126

†1 Yes †3 No

b. Stimulate breathing with nostril stimulus................................................... S127

†1 Yes †3 No

c.

Stimulate breathing with drugs (Dopram, etc.) ......................................... S128

†1 Yes †3 No

d. Provide supplemental oxygen................................................................... S129

†1 Yes †3 No

e. Hang the calf upside down........................................................................ S130

†1 Yes †3 No

f.

Position the calf on its sternum ................................................................. S131

†1 Yes †3 No

g. Place the calf in separate area away from the dam.................................. S132

†1 Yes †3 No

h. Use a warming box, heat lamp or other source
of heat during cold weather....................................................................... S133

†1 Yes †3 No

i.

Dry calf manually with towels, hair dryer, etc............................................ S134

†1 Yes †3 No

j.

Try to elicit a suckle response................................................................... S135

†1 Yes †3 No

k.

Provide calf coats, calf jackets after calf is dry ......................................... S136

†1 Yes †3 No

l.

Other (specify: ____________________)S137OTH....................................... S137

†1 Yes †3 No

Dairy 2007 VS Second Visit Questionnaire

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State/Operation # __________________

Section C—Dehorning Questions
48. In the last 12 months, were heifer calves routinely dehorned
while on this operation?................................................................................... S138

†1 Yes †3 No

If Item 48 = NO, SKIP to Item 52.
49. In the last 12 months, what percentage of heifer calves were dehorned
by the following methods? What was the average age of calves (in weeks)
and were analgesics or anesthetics used?
% Heifer
Age
Calves
(weeks)

Analgesics/
Anesthetics

a. Hot iron (Buddex, electric,
Portasol)........................................... S139/144/148

_____

_____

†1 Yes †3 No

b. Caustic paste ................................... S140/145/149

_____

_____

†1 Yes †3 No

c.

Tube, spoon, or gouge ..................... S141/146/150

_____

_____

†1 Yes †3 No

d. Saws, wire, or Barnes ...................... S142/147/151

_____

_____

†1 Yes †3 No

Total (should be ≤100%) ................... S143

_____

50. Is surgical dehorning equipment that causes bleeding
chemically disinfected between each animal? ...................................... S152

†1 Yes †2 N/A †3 No

51. Who dehorns the majority of heifer calves on this operation?
(Check one only.)
†1 Owner/operator
†2 Employee
†3 Veterinarian
†4 Other (specify: ___________________)S153OTH

S153

Section D—Extra Teat Removal
52. In the last 12 months, were extra teats routinely removed from heifer calves? . S154

†1 Yes †3 No

If Item 52 = NO, SKIP to Item 55.
53. In general, at what age (in weeks) were extra teats removed? ......................... S155

_____ weeks

54. When extra teats were removed, were analgesics or anesthesia
routinely used? ................................................................................................... S156

†1 Yes †3 No

Section E—Tail Docking
55. What percentage of dairy cows on this operation have docked tails? ............... S157

_____ %

If Item 55 = 0, SKIP to Item 59.

Dairy 2007 VS Second Visit Questionnaire

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State/Operation # __________________

56. What procedure was most commonly used to dock tails?
(Check one only.)
†1 Band
†2 Surgical removal
†3 Hot knife
†4 Other (Specify: _________________)S158OTH
†5 Unknown procedure

S158

57. How old were the majority of animals when tails were docked?
(Check one only.)
†1 Less than 2 months
†2 2 months to less than 6 months
†3 6 months to less than 2 years
†4 2 years or older
†5 Unknown

S159

58. When tails were docked, were analgesics or anesthesia
routinely used? ................................................................... S160

†1 Yes

†2 Don’t Know

†3 No

Section F—Castration
59. In the last 12 months, were bull calves routinely castrated while
on this operation? ............................................................................................... S161

†1 Yes †3 No

If Item 59 = NO, SKIP to Item 63.
60. What method was most commonly used to castrate bull calves?
(Check one only.)
†1 Burdizzo (crushes cord/bloodless)
†2 Knife
†3 Band
†4 Other (specify: ________________)S162OTH

S162

61. At what age (in weeks) were bull calves routinely castrated? ........................... S163

_____ weeks

62. When calves were castrated, were analgesics or anesthesia
routinely used? ................................................................................................... S164

†1 Yes †3 No

Dairy 2007 VS Second Visit Questionnaire

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State/Operation # __________________

Section G—Hoof Health
Note: An animal can be counted as having more than one case
of lameness or gait abnormality if the animal recovered completely
from one case, but then became lame again for any reason.
63. In the last 12 months, how many cases of
lameness (gait abnormality) occurred on this operation in:
a. Bred heifers? (Enter N/A if bred heifers are not housed on this operation.)....... S165

_____

b. Cows? ................................................................................................................. S166

_____

64. Of the cases of lameness in bred heifers and cows from the
previous question, what number of cases were due to digital
dermatitis (hairy-heel warts)?
a. Bred heifers (Enter N/A if bred heifers are not housed on this operation.)......... S167

_____

b. Cows ................................................................................................................... S168

_____

65. Which of the following best describes the use of a footbath for
cows during the last 12 months?
(Check one only.)
†1 Footbath used throughout the year
†2 Footbath used seasonally/occasionally
†3 No footbath used
†4 Other (specify: ________________________)S169OTH

S169

If Item 65 = 3, SKIP to Item 67.
66. Which of the following footbath medications was most commonly used?
(Check one only.)
†1 Copper sulfate
†2 Formalin/formaldehyde
†3 Oxytetracycline
†4 Hydrogen peroxide
†5 Other (list active ingredient: ____________________)S170OTH
67. What percentage of cows had their hooves trimmed at least once in
the last 12 months? ................................................................................................... S171

S170

_____ %

If Item 67 = 0, SKIP to Item 69.

Dairy 2007 VS Second Visit Questionnaire

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State/Operation # __________________

68. Which of the following describes who trimmed the majority
of the hooves in the last 12 months?
(Check one only.)
†1 Professional hoof trimmer (not this operation’s personnel)
†2 Veterinarian (not this operation’s personnel)
†3 Owner or this operation’s personnel
†4 Other (specify: _____________________________)S172OTH

S172

69. In the last 12 months, how many visits, for the purpose of trimming hooves
(as part of a routine trimming program) or for evaluation of lame cows,
were made by:
a. A professional hoof trimmer ................................................................................ S173

_____

b. A veterinarian ...................................................................................................... S174

_____

Other (specify: ____________________________)S175OTH................................. S175

_____

c.

Section H—Hemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome
NOTE: Please read this to the Producer in its entirety.
Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome (HBS) is a highly fatal intestinal disease of milking cows. HBS is
characterized by sudden onset of bloody feces, with or without intestinal obstruction. Cows with HBS
have a high death rate, approaching 70 to 80 percent. Sudden death without prior signs is common. Both
medical and surgical treatments have been relatively unsuccessful. A bloody bowel accompanied by a
blood clot that obstructs the intestine may be observed at necropsy.
70. How many cows with signs consistent with HBS described above
do you think you have had on this operation in the last 5 years? ............................ S176

_____

If Item 70 = 0, SKIP to Item 76.
71. In what year did the first case of HBS or cow with clinical signs consistent
with HBS occur on this operation? ........................................................................... S177

_____

72. How many cows with signs consistent with HBS do you think you have
had on this operation in the last 12 months?..........................................................

_____

73. In the last 5 years, has this operation implemented preventive measures
specifically to reduce or eliminate HBS? ......................................................... S179

S178

†1 Yes

†3 No

a. Vaccination with a commercial Clostridium type A vaccine ...................... S180

†1 Yes

†3 No

b. Vaccination with an autogenous Clostridium type A vaccine.................... S181

†1 Yes

†3 No

c.

Vaccination with a 7-way clostridial vaccine ............................................. S182

†1 Yes

†3 No

d. Incorporated a feed additive (e.g., Omnigen AF®) ................................... S183

†1 Yes

†3 No

e. Changed feed ingredients/composition of ration ...................................... S184

†1 Yes

†3 No

f.

†1 Yes

†3 No

If Item 73 = NO, SKIP to Item 76.
74. Which of the following preventive measures have been implemented
specifically to reduce or eliminate HBS?

Changed forage management (chop size, source, etc.)........................... S185

Dairy 2007 VS Second Visit Questionnaire

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State/Operation # __________________

75. Which of the following best describes the perceived benefits from using the
above preventive measures?
(Check one only.)
†1 Great reduction in HBS cases (75-100% reduction)
†2 Moderate reduction in HBS cases (50-74% reduction)
†3 Reduction in HBS cases (25-49% reduction)
†4 Slight reduction in HBS cases (1-24% reduction)
†5 No reduction in HBS cases

S186

Section I—Treatment Practices
76. How many injections did a dairy cow typically receive in the last 12 months? ......... S187

_____

77. Of all injections administered on this operation, what percentage were
administered by farm personnel? .............................................................................. S188

_____ %

78. Of all injections administered on this operation, what percentage were:
a. Intramuscular (IM)? ............................................................................................. S189

_____ %

b. Subcutaneous (SQ)?........................................................................................... S190

_____ %

c.

Intravenous (IV)?................................................................................................. S191

_____ %

Total (should equal 100%).................................................................................

100%

79. What percentage of the intramuscular (IM) injections were administered
for each of the following purposes?
a. Antibiotic injection ............................................................................................... S192

_____ %

b. Reproductive injection......................................................................................... S193

_____ %

c.

Vaccination.......................................................................................................... S194

_____ %

Total (should equal 100%).................................................................................

100%

Dairy 2007 VS Second Visit Questionnaire

13

State/Operation # __________________

80. For each purpose of injection (antibiotics, reproductive, and vaccination),
what percentage of intramuscular (IM) injections
were administered in the following body locations?

Antibiotics

Reproductive

Vaccination

............................S195/200/205

_____

_____

_____

b. Shoulder...........................S196/201/206

_____

_____

_____

c.

Upper hip..........................S197/202/207

_____

_____

_____

d. Hind leg ............................S198/203/208

_____

_____

_____

e. Other ................................S199/204/209

_____

_____

_____

100%

100%

100%

a. Neck

Total (should equal 100%)

81. Which of the following cattle-handling facilities were primarily used
for each type of injection for both heifers and cows?
Codes:
1 = Stanchion/tie stall
2 = Lock-ups
3 = Chute/head gate
4 = Loose in freestalls
5 = Palpation rail
6 = Parlor
7 = N/A
Heifers

Cows

a. IM .......................................................................................... S210/213

_____

_____

b. SQ ......................................................................................... S211/214

_____

_____

c.

_____

_____

IV ........................................................................................... S212/215

Dairy 2007 VS Second Visit Questionnaire

14

State/Operation # __________________

82. When farm personnel administered injections in the last 12 months,
how many injections were usually given before changing needles?
(Check one only.)
†1 New needle for every injection
†2 2 to 10 injections per needle
†3 11 to 20 injections per needle
†4 21 to 30 injections per needle
†5 More than 30 injections per needle
83. Does this operation keep a written or computerized record for each cow
that received a treatment that requires a withdrawal time before the
cow can be sent to market?............................................................................. S217

Dairy 2007 VS Second Visit Questionnaire

S216

†1 Yes †3 No

15

State/Operation # __________________

Section J—Nutrient Management
84. Are the following manure-handling methods used in
cow and weaned-heifer housing areas?
Weaned-Heifer Areas
If heifers not kept on
operation, check
here and leave
column blank: _____

Cow Areas
a. Manure left on pasture ............ S218/228

†1 Yes †2 N/A †3 No

†1 Yes †2 N/A †3 No

b. Dry lot scraped ....................... S219/229

†1 Yes †2 N/A †3 No

†1 Yes †2 N/A †3 No

Gutter cleaner ............................ S220/230

†1 Yes

†3 No

†1 Yes

†3 No

d. Alley scraper (mechanical or
tractor) ........................................ S221/231

†1 Yes

†3 No

†1 Yes

†3 No

e. Alley flush with fresh water ........ S222/232

†1 Yes

†3 No

†1 Yes

†3 No

f.

Alley flush with recycled water ... S223/233

†1 Yes

†3 No

†1 Yes

†3 No

g. Slotted floor ................................ S224/234

†1 Yes

†3 No

†1 Yes

†3 No

h. Bedded pack (manure pack) ..... S225/235

†1 Yes

†3 No

†1 Yes

†3 No

i.

Manure vacuum ........................ S226/236

†1 Yes

†3 No

†1 Yes

†3 No

j.

Other (specify: _______)S227OTH .. S227/237

†1 Yes

†3 No

†1 Yes

†3 No

c.

If Items 84b-j all checked NO, SKIP to Item 98.
85. Of the manure-handling methods used in the previous
question, which one best describes how the majority
of manure is handled?......................................................... S238/239

_____ letter
Cow area

_____ letter
Weaned-heifer area

(Enter letter that corresponds with response, i.e., “a” for Manure left on
pasture, “c” for Gutter cleaner, etc.)

Dairy 2007 VS Second Visit Questionnaire

16

State/Operation # __________________

86. Are the following waste-storage or treatment systems used on this operation?
a. Store in manure spreader (spread on a daily or almost daily basis) ............. S240

†1 Yes

†3 No

b. Below-floor slurry or deep pit ......................................................................... S241

†1 Yes

†3 No

c.

Slurry stored in tank (either above or below ground)..................................... S242

†1 Yes

†3 No

d. Slurry or liquid manure stored in earthen basin and NOT treated ................. S243

†1 Yes

†3 No

e. Treatment lagoon–Not mechanically aerated ................................................ S244

†1 Yes

†3 No

f.

Treatment lagoon–Mechanically aerated....................................................... S245

†1 Yes

†3 No

g. Manure pack (inside barn) ............................................................................. S246

†1 Yes

†3 No

h. Outside storage for solid manure not in dry lot or pen................................... S247

†1 Yes

†3 No

i.

Outside storage for solid manure within dry lot or pens................................. S248

†1 Yes

†3 No

j.

Storage of solid manure in a building without cattle access .......................... S249

†1 Yes

†3 No

k.

Storage of solid manure with picket dam ....................................................... S250

†1 Yes

†3 No

l.

Composted (actively managed to produce a composted material) ............... S251

†1 Yes

†3 No

m. Collection of methane/biogas......................................................................... S252

†1 Yes

†3 No

n. Solid separator ............................................................................................... S253

†1 Yes

†3 No

o. Other (specify: ________________________)S254OTH.................................... S254

†1 Yes

†3 No

87. Of the storage or treatment systems used in the previous question,
which one best describes the storage and treatment of the majority of:
a. Solid manure? ............................................................................................. S255

_____ letter

b. Liquid or slurry manure? ............................................................................. S256

_____ letter

(Enter letter that corresponds with response (i.e., “a” for Store in manure spreader,
“b” for Below-floor slurry, etc., or put N/A if the manure type is not stored or treated.)
88. Assuming your facility was completely emptied of manure, and it was
operating at full animal capacity, how many days could you operate
and store manure before manure must be removed from the
storage facility?
S257/258/259
_____ OR
Days

_____ OR
Months

_____
Years

89. Does this operation make use of manure by:
a. Applying manure to land either owned or rented? ................................... S260

†1 Yes

†3 No

b. Selling it or receiving other compensation? ............................................. S261

†1 Yes

†3 No

c.

Giving it away?......................................................................................... S262

†1 Yes

†3 No

d. Using composted manure as bedding? ................................................... S263

†1 Yes

†3 No

e. Other? (specify: _______________________)S264OTH.............................. S264

†1 Yes

†3 No

90. Of the manure uses described in the previous question,
which one best describes the use of the majority of:
a. Solid manure? ................................................................................................ S265

_____ letter

b. Liquid or slurry manure? ................................................................................ S266

_____ letter

(Enter letter that corresponds with response (i.e., “a” for Apply manure to land,
“b” for Sell it or receive, etc., or put N/A if that manure type is not used.)
If Item 89a = NO (manure is not applied to land), SKIP to Item 98.
Dairy 2007 VS Second Visit Questionnaire

17

State/Operation # __________________

91. Are the following methods used to apply manure to land owned
or rented by this operation?
a. Broadcast/solid spreader ......................................................................... S267

†1 Yes

†3 No

b. Surface application by tank wagon or tank truck ..................................... S268

†1 Yes

†3 No

c.

Subsurface injection by tank wagon, tank truck, or tractor ...................... S269

†1 Yes

†3 No

d. Irrigation/sprinkler..................................................................................... S270

†1 Yes

†3 No

e. Other (specify: ______________________)S271OTH.................................. S271

†1 Yes

†3 No

92. Is manure incorporated into the soil within 24 hours after application,
including subsurface injection?
(Check one only.)
†1 Always or almost always
†2 Sometimes
†3 Never

S272

93. In the last 12 months, has the nutrient content of manure been analyzed for:
a. Nitrogen?.................................................................................................. S273

†1 Yes

†3 No

b. Phosphorus? ............................................................................................ S274

†1 Yes

†3 No

c.

†1 Yes

†3 No

a. Crop nitrogen requirement ....................................................................... S276

†1 Yes

†3 No

b. Crop phosphorus requirement ................................................................. S277

†1 Yes

†3 No

c.

Manure volume/acreage available ........................................................... S278

†1 Yes

†3 No

d. Soil quality improvement .......................................................................... S279

†1 Yes

†3 No

e. Other criteria (specify: ______________________)S280OTH ...................... S280

†1 Yes

†3 No

Potassium? .............................................................................................. S275

94. Are the following used to determine how much or how frequently manure
is applied to the land?

95. What is the minimum distance between where manure is ever
applied and any surface water such as a lake, pond, stream,
or river?.................................................................................................... S281/282

_____ OR _____
Feet
Miles

96. Which of the following best describes how often liquid manure is
applied to owned or rented land, by season:
(Enter one code only for each season.)
Codes:
1 = Daily
2 = Weekly
3 = 2 to 3 times a month
4 = Monthly or less often
5 = Not spread during this season

_____
Spring

_____
Summer

_____ _____
Fall Winter

97. Which of the following best describes how often solid manure is
applied to owned or rented land, by season:
(Enter one code only from Item 96 for each season.)
S287/288/289/290
_____
Spring

_____
Summer

_____ _____
Fall Winter

Dairy 2007 VS Second Visit Questionnaire

S283/284/285/286

18

State/Operation # __________________

98. Is manure applied to the following actively growing plants:
a. Pasture or hay crop?................................................................................ S291

†1 Yes

†3 No

b. Forage to be ensiled? .............................................................................. S292

†1 Yes

†3 No

c.

Other forage crops? ................................................................................. S293

†1 Yes

†3 No

d. Grain or oilseed crops? ............................................................................ S294

†1 Yes

†3 No

e. Other crops? (specify: ______________________)S295OTH ...................... S295

†1 Yes

†3 No

99. Does this operation have a written plan that addresses nutrient
management such as land treatment practices or manure
storage structures?......................................................................................... S296

†1 Yes

†3 No

a. Developed in cooperation with the USDA Natural Resource
Conservation Service (NRCS) or a local conservation district?............... S297

†1 Yes

†3 No

b. Implemented to help satisfy a state regulatory requirement? .................. S298

†1 Yes

†3 No

c.

†1 Yes

†3 No

a. University/extension personnel ................................................................ S300

†1 Yes

†3 No

b. Private nutrient management consultant ................................................. S301

†1 Yes

†3 No

c.

Natural Resource Conservation Service personnel (NRCS). .................. S302

†1 Yes

†3 No

d. State or local department of natural resources personnel ....................... S303

†1 Yes

†3 No

e. State or local department of agriculture personnel .................................. S304

†1 Yes

†3 No

f.

Agronomist/crop consultant ..................................................................... S305

†1 Yes

†3 No

g. Consulting nutritionist............................................................................... S306

†1 Yes

†3 No

h. Environmental engineering consultant..................................................... S307

†1 Yes

†3 No

i.

Private veterinary practitioner .................................................................. S308

†1 Yes

†3 No

j.

Other (specify: ________________________)S309OTH.............................. S309

†1 Yes

†3 No

If YES, was the plan:

Part of USDA voluntary cost share program?.......................................... S299

100.Has this operation consulted with any of the following about waste
management during the last 12 months?

101.Which of the following best describes how you would classify or how
this operation is classified regarding Concentrated Animal Feeding
Operations (CAFOs) under current federal EPA guidelines:
(Check one only.)
†1 Never heard of CAFO
†2 Have heard of CAFO, but unsure how my operation is or will be classified
†3 My operation is not or will likely not be classified as a CAFO
†4 My operation is or will likely be classified as a CAFO

Dairy 2007 VS Second Visit Questionnaire

S310

19

State/Operation # __________________

Office Use Only
State FIPS:__________
2-digits

Operation #:_________
4-digits

Interviewer:___________ Date:
/
/
Initials
(mm/dd/yy)

1. Total time for interview (include time to discuss the program
and complete the questionnaire). If more than one data collector present
enter the combined time..................................................................................................

_____ min

SITIME

2. Total travel time (round trip). If more than one data collector present,
enter the combined time..................................................................................................

_____ min

STTIME

3. Data collector(s):
(Enter the number for each category.)
____ Federal VMO
____ Federal AHT
____ State person
____ Other

....................

SVMO/SAHT/SST/SOTH

4. Enter response code 99 if questionnaire is completed or enter
one code of 0 - 7 that best describes the reason why the owner
is not participating.................................................................................................

_____ code

SRCO

99 – Survey completed
00 – Producer not contacted by VMO
01 – Poor time of year or no time
02 – Does not want anyone on operation
03 – Bad experience with government veterinarians
04 – Does not want to do another survey or divulge information
05 – Told NASS they did not want to be contacted
06 – Ineligible (no dairy cows)
07 – Other reason (explain below)
5. Producer data quality..................................................

†1 Good to Excellent

6. Did the Producer use written or computerized records
to assist in answering this survey? .......................................................................

†2 OK

†3 Poor

SPDQ

†1 Yes †3 No

SREC

Comments regarding this questionnaire or operation:

VMO or AHT signature:___________________________________________________

TO BE ANSWERED BY THE COORDINATOR:
Field data quality ...............................................................

Dairy 2007 VS Second Visit Questionnaire

†1 Good to Excellent

†2 OK

†3 Poor

20

SFDQ