Attachment 9. Source of NHBS Questions

Att 9 Source of NHBS Questions (Aug2007).pdf

National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System

Attachment 9. Source of NHBS Questions

OMB: 0920-0770

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Attachment 9.

Justifications for and Source of Questions

ELIGIBILITY SCREENER
Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

ES1

ELIGIBILITY
SCREENER

MSM
IDU
HET

ES2

ELIGIBILITY
SCREENER

MSM
IDU
HET

ES3

ELIGIBILITY
SCREENER

MSM
IDU
HET

Do you consider yourself to be Hispanic or Latino?

Conforms to OMB standards for collecting information on Hispanic ethnicity.

ES3a

ELIGIBILITY
SCREENER

MSM
IDU
HET

What best describes your Hispanic or Latino ancestry?

Conforms to OMB standards for collection information on Hispanic ancestry.

ES4

ELIGIBILITY
SCREENER

MSM
IDU
HET

Which racial group or groups do you consider yourself to be in? Conforms to OMB standards for collecting information on race.
You may choose more than one option.

ES5

ELIGIBILITY
SCREENER

MSM
IDU
HET

What county do you currently live in?

Conforms to OMB classifications of Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA).

ES5a

ELIGIBILITY
SCREENER

MSM
IDU
HET

How long have you been living in ___________ [project
area] ?

Question developed for NHBS. Because many of the NHBS survey questions ask
about behaviors during the past 12 months, this variable will allow for limiting
analyses to respondents who have lived in the project area that entire time.
"Project area" is the MSA.

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

What is your date of birth?

Conforms to OMB standards for asking about date of birth. Date of birth is used to
determine eligibility. Date of birth was selected rather than age so that this
variable may be used for future identification of duplicate respondents. Those
under the age of consent will be considered ineligible and the screening procedures
will end.
During 2006, did you already complete at least part of the
Question developed for NHBS to ascertain previous participation, which makes a
health survey that [insert project name] is conducting? It could respondent ineligible.
have been here or at another location.

Page 9-1

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

ES6

ELIGIBILITY
SCREENER

HET

ES7

ELIGIBILITY
SCREENER

HET

ES8

ELIGIBILITY
SCREENER

MSM

What was your sex at birth?

Conforms to OMB standards for collecting information on birth sex. For the NHBSMSM cycle, sex at birth determines eligibility in that only persons born male are
eligible.

ES9

ELIGIBILITY
SCREENER

MSM
IDU
HET

Do you consider yourself to be male, female, or transgender?

Question developed for NHBS. This is an indicator of eligibility for all NHBS
cycles in that transgender persons are not eligible. Responses to this question also
determine which set of questions will be asked of male and female participants.

ES10

ELIGIBILITY
SCREENER

IDU

Have you ever in your life shot up or injected any drugs other
than those prescribed for you? By shooting up, I mean anytime
you might have used drugs with a needle, either by mainlining,
skin popping, or muscling.

Adapted from the definition of drug injection in the Supplement to HIV and AIDS
Surveillance Project (SHAS) questionnaire (OMB No. 0920-0262. Expiration
6/30/2004). This question is a gateway question for ES11, which determines an
individual's eligibility for the NHBS-IDU cycle.

ES11

ELIGIBILITY
SCREENER

IDU

When was the last time you injected any drug? That is, how
many days or months or years ago did you last inject?

Question developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC.
This question determines eligibility for the NHBS_IDU cycle: injected drugs in past
12 months. Addresses NHBS Key Indicator II-A- 3 and II-A-4. Number of days or
months or years allows exact calculation of the time since the last injection, and is
easier for respondent recall than an exact month/day/year.

ES12

ELIGIBILITY
SCREENER

IDU

Which drug do you inject most often?

Question developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC.
The type of drug can be used to confirm answers to the follow-up questions (ES13 ES16), which provide additional information about drug preparation, method of
injection, and types of syringes and needles used by the respondent.

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

What zip code do you live in?

Conforms to OMB standards for collecting zip code information. This variable
allows for a verification of respondent's place of residence within the MSA. For
the NHBS-HET cycle, zip code information is collected in the Eligibility Screener
because it determines which map the NHBS Interviewer will use to ascertain
whether the respondent resides in a census tract within a High Risk Area (HRA) or
within a Target HRA. For NHBS-HET, seeds who do not live in a Target HRA will
be considered ineligible.
Please take a look at this map. Can you point to the area where Question and Interviewer prompt developed for NHBS. The map shown to the
you live? (Prompt to Interviewer: Enter the census tract
NHBS respondent contains information about the census tract number. The census
number.)
tract number identifies HRAs and Target HRAs+E16.

Page 9-2

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

ES13

ELIGIBILITY
SCREENER

IDU

Where on your body do you usually inject?

Question developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC
and consultants. Physical signs of recent injection ascertain the respondent's
eligiblility.

ES14

ELIGIBILITY
SCREENER

IDU

Step-by-step, tell me how you prepare your drugs.

Question developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC
and consultants. Knowledge of steps in preparation of injection drugs ascertains
the respondent's eligiblility.

ES15

ELIGIBILITY
SCREENER

IDU

Step-by-step, tell me how you inject your drugs.

See ES14.

ES16

ELIGIBILITY
SCREENER

IDU

What type of syringe do you usually inject with?

See ES14.

ES17

ELIGIBILITY
SCREENER

IDU

Have you ever used drugs that you did not inject, other than
those prescribed for you?

Questions Q17-Q17b developed as distracter questions for NHBS-IDU. Distracter
questions are used to determine eligibility and are used when a study has eligibility
criteria that respondent should not know.

ES17a

ELIGIBILITY
SCREENER

IDU

When was the last time you used any drugs that you did not
inject?

See ES17.

ES17b

ELIGIBILITY
SCREENER

IDU

Which drug do you use most often that you do not inject?

See ES17.

ES18

ELIGIBILITY
SCREENER

HET

Have you had vaginal or anal sex with a [insert “man” if
respondent is female; insert “woman” if respondent is male]
in the past 12 months?

Question developed for NHBS. For the NHBS-HET cycle, sex with a partner of the
opposite sex during the past 12 months is an eligibility criteria.

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

Page 9-3

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

ES19

ELIGIBILITY
SCREENER

MSM
IDU
HET

Question

Is this person alert and able to complete the health survey in
English or Spanish?

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

Question developed for NHBS. If the respondent is not coherent (under the
influence of drugs or alcohol), s/he is considered to be ineligible. Participants who
cannot compelte the survey in English or Spanish are considered ineligible.

CORE QUESTIONNAIRE
N1

NETWORK
QUESTIONS

IDU
HET

Which of the following describes how you know the person
who gave you this coupon? You can choose more than one
answer.

Network questions (N1-N3f) were developed for NHBS in consultation with subject
matter experts in RDS methodology. This question is used in RDS analysis to
describe the relationship between the person who recruits people into the NHBS
survey (the recruiter) and those they have recruited (the recruitees).

NETWORK
QUESTIONS

IDU

How many people in [insert project area] do you know
personally who inject?

In the NHBS-IDU cycle, this question is a lead-in for QN2a, which determines the
size of the network of the respondent.

N2a

NETWORK
QUESTIONS

IDU

Of the ________[insert number from N2] people who live in In the NHBS-IDU cycle, this question establishes the number of persons in the
[insert project area] and who you personally who know inject, respondent's network who inject drugs and whom the respondent has seen in the
past month. The network is defined by the eligibility criteria for the study. The 30how many have you seen at least once in the past 30 days?
day time period is used to enhance accuracy of recall.

N2b

NETWORK
QUESTIONS

IDU

Of the ________[insert number from N2a] people who inject In the NHBS-IDU cycle, this question, with N2c documents the gender of the
network members
that you have seen in the past 30 days, how many are male?

N2c

NETWORK
QUESTIONS

IDU

Of the ________[insert number from N2a] people who are
inject that you have seen in the past 30 days, how many are
female?

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

In the NHBS-IDU cycle, this question, with N2b documents the gender of the
network members

Page 9-4

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

N2d-g

NETWORK
QUESTIONS

IDU

In the NHBS-IDU cycle, this question documents the race and Hispanic ethnicity of
What is the race or ethnic background of the __ [insert
number from N2a ] people who inject that you have seen in the the network members.
past 30 days? That is, how many were white, black, Hispanic,
or another race?

NETWORK
QUESTIONS

HET

Please tell me how many friends, relatives or people you are
close to who are at least 18 years of age, live in [insert project
area ], and you have seen in the past 30 days.

N3a

NETWORK
QUESTIONS

HET

Of the __ [insert number from N3 ] people that you have seen In the NHBS-HET cycle, this question follows N3. With N3b, these questions
document the gender of the network members
in the past 30 days, how many are male?

N3b

NETWORK
QUESTIONS

HET

Of the __ [insert number from N3 ] people that you have seen In the NHBS-HET cycle, this question follows N3. With N3a, these questions
document the gender of the network members
in the past 30 days, how many are female?

N3c-N3f

NETWORK
QUESTIONS

HET

What is the race or ethnic background of the __ [insert
number from N3] people you have seen in the past 30 days?
That is, how many were white, black, Hispanic, or another
race?
N3c.White
N3d. Black
N3e. Hispanic
N3f. Another race

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

In the NHBS-HET cycle, this question follows N1. The respondent's network size is
defined by the number of people the respondent knows who would meet the
eligibility criteria for the study and whom the respondent has seen in the past
month. The 30-day time period is used to enhance accuracy of recall.

In the NHBS-HET cycle, this question documents the race/ethnicity of the network
members

Page 9-5

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

DEMOGRAPHICS

MSM
IDU
HET

In the past 12 months, have you been homeless at any time? By The definition of homelessness in this question is consistent with the definition of
homeless, I mean you were living on the street, in a shelter, a homelessness used by federal programs (see the McKinney-Vento Act). This
Single Room Occupancy hotel (SRO), temporarily staying with question serves as a marker for Socioeconomic Status (SES).
friends or relatives, or living in a car?

DEMOGRAPHICS

Are you currently homeless?

See Q1.

DEMOGRAPHICS

MSM
IDU
HET
MSM
IDU

What zip code do you live in?

Conforms to OMB standards for collecting information on zip code. This variable
allows for a verification of respondent's place of residence within the MSA. For
the NHBS-HET cycle, this question is asked in the Eligibility Screener (see ES6).

DEMOGRAPHICS

MSM
IDU
HET

Next I would like to ask you some questions about your
background. What country were you born in?

Conforms to OMB standards for asking about country of birth. Q3 and 3a serve as
a proxy for degree of acculturation.

DEMOGRAPHICS

MSM
IDU
HET

What year did you first come to live in the United States?

Adapted from the 2000 U.S. Census. See Q3. Marker for length of stay in U.S.
among foreign-born respondents. Q3 and 3a serve as a proxy for degree of
acculturation.

DEMOGRAPHICS

IDU
HET

What is your current marital status?

Adopted from the most recent version of the National Survey for Family Growth
(NSFG) Cycle 6 (OMB No. 0920-0315. Exp. Date 9/30/2003). Cycle 7 is currently
under OMB review. Question provides descriptive information about NHBS-IDU
and NHBS-HET respondents.

DEMOGRAPHICS

IDU
HET

Is your formal marital status separated, divorced, widowed, or
never been married?

See Q4. This is a follow-up question for respondents who report "living together as
married."

DEMOGRAPHICS

MSM
IDU
HET

What is the highest level of education you completed?

Adopted from the Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) questionnaire (OMB No.
0920-0740, expiration 06/30/2010). Level of education is a marker for SES.

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

Page 9-6

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

DEMOGRAPHICS

MSM
IDU
HET

What best describes your employment status?
Employed full-time
Employed part-time
A homemaker
A full-time student
Retired
Disabled for work
Unemployed
Other

DEMOGRAPHICS

MSM
IDU
HET

What was your [insert household income if Q1=0 OR Q1a=0; Q7 and Q7a are adopted from the Never In Care Project (NIC) questionnaire
currently under OMB review (OMB No. 0920-05DA). Income is a marker for SES.
insert income if Q1a=1] last year from all sources before
taxes? Please take a look at this card and tell me the letter that
best corresponds to your monthly or yearly income.

DEMOGRAPHICS

MSM
IDU
HET

Including yourself, how many people depended on this income? See Q7. Combined with income measure, this question can be used to measure
poverty status using Census/DHHS guidelines

DEMOGRAPHICS

MSM
IDU
HET

Do you currently have health insurance or coverage? This
includes Medicaid or Medicare.

DEMOGRAPHICS

MSM
IDU
HET

What kind of health insurance coverage do you currently have? See Q8.

DEMOGRAPHICS

MSM
IDU
HET

Have you seen a doctor, nurse, or other health care provider in Adapted from the MMP questionnaire (OMB No. 0920-0740, expiration
the past 12 months?
06/30/2010). Addresses NHBS Key Indicator III-3.

DEMOGRAPHICS

MSM
IDU
HET

At any of those times you were seen, were you offered an HIV Developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC at CDC.
test? An HIV test checks whether someone has the virus that Provides important information for determining the extent to which the Advancing
causes AIDS.
HIV Prevention (AHP) recommendation to offer HIV testing by primary health care
providers is being met.

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

Conforms to broad categories for employment status used by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics: Employed full-time, Employed part-time, Unemployed, Not in Labor
Force. The format of this question provides more information about respondents
"not currently in labor force": homemaker, full-time student, retired, disabled for
work. Categories are similar to those used in the Drug Control and Use Surveys,
Bureau of Justice Assistance, 1990.

Q8 and Q8a are adapted from the MMP questionnaire (OMB No. 0920-0740,
expiration 06/30/2010). Health Insurance coverage will be a key variable in
measuring access to medical care among NHBs respondents.

Page 9-7

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

DEMOGRAPHICS

MSM
IDU
HET

Do you consider yourself to be:
Heterosexual or "Straight"
Homosexual, Gay, or Lesbian
Bisexual
Other

MSM
IDU
HET

Have you ever told anyone that you are attracted to or have sex Developed for NHBS as a gateway question to Q10b. Q10a-Q10b provide a
with men?
measure of how open a person is about their homosexuality. Also referred to as
how "out" a homosexual person is, this measure is a key variable for understanding
risk behaviors among homosexual and bisexual men.

10a

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

Adopted from the MMP questionnaire (OMB No. 0920-0740, expiration
06/30/2010). Self-reported sexual orientation.

10b

DEMOGRAPHICS

MSM
IDU
HET

I'm going to read you a list of people you may have told.
Please tell me which ones apply. Have you told:
1. Gay, lesbian, or bisexual friends
2. Friends who are not gay, lesbian, or bisexual
3. Family members
4. Spouse or partner
5. Health care provider

Adapted from the MMP questionnaire (OMB No. 0920-0740, expiration
06/30/2010). Provides a measurement of how open a respondent may be about
their own homosexuality or bisexuality. Purpose is to define the types of individuals
in a respondent's social network who knew they were homosexual or bisexual.

11-38

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Female Sex Partners

MSM
IDU
HET

Female partners

This series of questions about male respondents' sexual behaviors with female sex
partners addresses the NHBS Key Indicators for Opposite Sex Partners II-B

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Female Sex Partners

MSM
IDU

Have you ever had vaginal or anal sex with a woman?

Gateway question to determine whether male respondents will be asked a series of
questions about their sexual behaviors with female sex partners.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Female Sex Partners

MSM
IDU
HET

How old were you the first time you had vaginal or anal sex
with a woman?

Developed for NHBS to document age of sexual debut with a female partner. This
question can be used as a proxy to measure period of time respondent may have
been at risk of HIV infection through vaginal and anal sexual intercourse with
female partners.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Female Sex Partners

MSM
IDU
HET

In the past 12 months, with how many different women have
you had oral, vaginal, or anal sex?

Adopted from the MMP questionnaire (OMB No. 0920-0740, expiration
06/30/2010). Addresses NHBS Key Indicator II-B-1.

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Page 9-8

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

Question

14-16

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Female Sex Partners

MSM
IDU
HET

Of the _____ [insert number from Q13] women you’ve had
oral, vaginal, or anal sex with in the past 12 months, how many
of them were main/casual/exchange partners?
14. Number of main female sexual partners
15. Number of casual female sexual partners
16. Number of exchange female sexual partners

Adapted from a set of sexual behavior questions in the (OMB No. 0920-0740,
expiration 06/30/2010). questionnaire currently under OMB review (OMB No.
0920-05CG) that ask about sexual partner type. Respondents are provided with
definitions of main, casual, and exchange sex partners. Stratification by partner
type is necessary for accurately measuring risk. Identification of number of
exchange partners is related to Key Indicator II-B-5.

17a

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Female Main Sex
Partners and
12 month sex
behaviors

MSM
IDU
HET

Of your ______ [insert number from Q14] female main
partners in the past 12 months, with how many did you have
vaginal sex?

Adopted from the MMP questionnaire (OMB No. 0920-0740, expiration
06/30/2010). Addresses NHBS Key Indicator II-B-1.

17b

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Female Main Sex
Partners and
12 month sex
behaviors

MSM
IDU
HET

In the past 12 months, with how many of these ______ [insert Adopted from the MMP questionnaire (OMB No. 0920-0740, expiration
number from Q17a] women did you have vaginal sex without 06/30/2010). Addresses NHBS Key Indicator II-B-2.
using a condom?

17c

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Female Main Sex
Partners and
12 month sex
behaviors

MSM
IDU
HET

Of your ______ [insert number from Q14] female main
partners in the past 12 months, with how many did you have
anal sex?

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

Adopted from the MMP questionnaire (OMB No. 0920-0740, expiration
06/30/2010). Addresses NHBS Key Indicator II-B-3.

Page 9-9

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

Question

17d

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Female Main Sex
Partners and
12 month sex
behaviors

MSM
IDU
HET

In the past 12 months, with how many of these ______ [insert
number from Q17c] women did you have anal sex without
using a condom?

17e

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Female Main Sex
Partners and
12 month sex
behaviors

MSM
IDU
HET

Of your ____ [insert number from Q14] female main partners, Developed for NHBS to document the number of new female sexual partners a male
with how many did you have sex for the first time in the past 12 respondent had in the past 12 months. New partners are a marker for risk of
acquiring HIV infection.
months?

17f

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Female Main Sex
Partners and
12 month sex
behaviors

MSM
IDU
HET

With how many of these ____ [insert number from Q17e]
women did you discuss BOTH your HIV status and their HIV
status before you had sex for the first time?

Developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC. Measures
disclosure of HIV status prior to having sex with a new female sexual partner.

18a - 18f

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Female Casual Sex
Partners and
12 month sex
behaviors

MSM
IDU
HET

Female casual sex partners

See Q17a-Q17f.

19 - 19h

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Female Exchange Sex
Partners and
12 month sex
behaviors

MSM
IDU
HET

Female exchange sex partners

See Q17a-Q17f, except where noted below (Q19e-Q19f).

19e

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Female Sex Partners

MSM
IDU
HET

Of your ______ [insert number from Q16] female exchange
partners in the past 12 months, how many did you give things
like money or drugs in exchange for sex?

Developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC. Provides
information about who paid whom for sex with an exchange sex partner. This is
important for understanding power dynamics for negotiating safer sex.

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

Adopted from the MMP questionnaire (OMB No. 0920-0740, expiration
06/30/2010). Addresses NHBS Key Indicator II-B-4.

Page 9-10

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

19f

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Female Sex Partners

MSM
IDU
HET

Of your ______ [insert number from Q16] female exchange See Q19e.
partners in the past 12 months, how many gave you things like
money or drugs in exchange for sex?

20-38

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent Female
Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

Most recent female partner

Unless otherwise noted, Q20-Q38 are adapted from the MMP questionnaire (OMB
No. 0920-0740, expiration 06/30/2010). These questions provide detailed
information about HIV risk behaviors during a specific sexual encounter (the most
recent). Event-level questions elicit more reliabe information than longer time
periods.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent Female
Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

Now I would like you to think about the last time you had sex
with a woman. When was the last time you had oral, vaginal,
or anal sex with a woman? Just tell me the month and year.

Establishes the length of time since last sex with a female partner.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent Female
Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

Was the woman you had sex with that last time a main partner, Characterizes the type of last female sexual partner.
a casual partner, or an exchange partner?

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent Female
Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

When you had sex that last time, did you give her things in
exchange for sex or did she give you things in exchange for
sex?

Related to NHBS Key Indicator II-B-5. Indicates the general type of exchange that
took place (who was paid for sex). This is important for understanding power
dynamics for negotiating safer sex.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent Female
Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

When you had sex that last time, did you have vaginal sex?

Indicates type of sex during last sexual encounter with this partner.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent Female
Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

During vaginal sex that last time, did you or your partner use a Establishes whether respondent had unprotected vaginal sex with his most recent
female sex partner. NHBS Key Indicator II-B-8.
condom?

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

Page 9-11

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

24a

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent Female
Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

Did you or your partner use the condom the whole time?

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent Female
Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

Did you or your partner use the condom to prevent pregnancy, Developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC. Inclusion
to prevent infections like HIV or other sexually transmitted
of condom use as birth control allows for distinguishing between use of condoms as
diseases, to prevent both, or for some other reason?
a contraceptive versus HIV prevention measure.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent Female
Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

When you had vaginal sex that last time, were you or your
partner using anything else besides condoms to prevent
pregnancy, such as birth control pills, pulling out/withdrawal,
not having sex at certain times/rhythm, or other birth control
methods?

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent Female
Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

When you had vaginal sex that last time, were you or your
See Q26. Asked of those who did not use condoms for most recent vaginal sex.
partner using anything to prevent pregnancy such as birth
control pills, having a vasectomy, having tubes tied, pulling
out/withdrawal, not having sex at certain times/rhythm, or other
birth control methods?

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent Female
Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

When you had sex that last time, did you have anal sex?

Indicates type of sex during last sexual encounter with a female partner.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent Female
Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

During anal sex that last time, did you use a condom?

Establishes whether respondent had unprotected anal sex with his most recent
female sex partner. NHBS Key Indicator II-B-9.

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

Establishes whether respondent had unprotected vaginal sex with his most recent
female sex partner. NHBS Key Indicator II-B-8.

Adapted from CDC's Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring (PRAMS) survey and
in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC. Asked of respondents who
reported use of condoms as a birth control method for vaginal sex. Determines
type of birth control method that was used during last vaginal sex.

Page 9-12

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

29a

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent Female
Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

Did you use the condom the whole time?

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent Female
Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

Before or during the last time you had sex with this partner, did Substance use can affect decisions about sexual behaviors. NHBS Key Indicator IIyou use: (alcohol, drugs, alcohol and drugs)?
B-10 and II-B-11.

30a

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent Female
Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

Which drugs did you use?

NHBS Key Indicator II-B-10 and II-B-11. Also related to NHBS Key Indicator II-A5.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent Female
Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

The last time you had sex with this partner, did you know her
HIV status?

Establishes whether serostatus of last female sexual partner was unknown. Key
Indicator II-B-8.

31a

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent Female
Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

What was her HIV status?

Key Indicator II-B-8.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent Female
Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

Was this partner younger than you, older than you, or the same Q32-Q32a were developed for NHBS. Establishes whether respondent had an
age as you?
older sex partner. Sex with an older partner is a marker for power differentials in
a relationship.

32a

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent Female
Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

What was her age?

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

Establishes whether respondent had unprotected anal sex with his most recent
female sex partner. NHBS Key Indicator II-B-9.

Indicates magnitude of age difference between respondents with older sex partners.
Important for identifying large age gaps as source of power differentials for
negotiating safe sex.

Page 9-13

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent Female
Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

Has this partner ever injected drugs like heroin, cocaine, or
speed?

Developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC.
Important variable for identifying risk among respondents due to a sex partner
being IDU.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent Female
Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

Has this partner ever used crack cocaine?

Developed for NHBS. Crack use is associated with sexual risk behaviors.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent Female
Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

Has this partner ever been in prison or jail for more than 24
hours?

Developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC. Marker
of possible HIV risk.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent Female
Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

How long have you been having a sexual relationship with this Developed for NHBS. Establishes duration of sexual relationship with last sexual
partner?
partner.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent Female
Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

As far as you know, during the past 12 months when you were Adapted from the Rural Health Project questionnaire (University of North Carolina
having a sexual relationship with this partner, did she have sex at Chapel Hill). Measures concurrent sex partners, which is associated with
with other people? Would you say she:
increased transmission of HIV infection.
Definitely did not
Probably did not
Probably did
Definitely did

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent Female
Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

During the past 12 months when you were having a sexual
relationship with this partner, did you have sex with other
people?

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

See Q37.

Page 9-14

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

39-67

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Male Sex Partners

MSM
IDU
HET

Male partners

Unless otherwise noted, this series of questions about male respondents' sexual
behaviors with male sex partners (Q39-Q67) are adapted from the MMP
questionnaire (OMB No. 0920-0740, expiration 06/30/2010). Q39-Q67 address the
NHBS Key Indicators II-C: Same Sex Partners (Male Only). Stratification of
question set by receptive versus insertive role (for last sex questions) is important
for understanding HIV risk among MSM. The format and rationales for many of
the questions in this series are similar to those that appear for Q11-Q19f above.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Male Sex Partners

MSM
IDU
HET

Have you ever had oral or anal sex with a man?

Gateway question to determine whether male respondents will be asked a series of
questions about sexual behaviors with male partners.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Male Sex Partners

MSM
IDU
HET

How old were you the first time you had oral or anal sex with a Developed for NHBS to document the age of sexual debut with a male partner.
man?
This question can be used as a proxy to measure period of time respondent may
have been at risk of HIV infection through oral or anal sexual intercourse.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Male Sex Partners

MSM
IDU
HET

In the past 12 months, with how many different men have you
had oral or anal sex?

42-44

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Male Sex Partners

MSM
IDU
HET

Of the _____ [insert number from Q41] men you’ve had oral Stratification by partner type is necessary for accurately measuring risk (see Q14or anal sex with in the past 12 months, how many of them were Q16 above). Identification of number of exchange partners is related to Key
Indicator II-C-3.
main/casual/exchange partners?
42. Number of main male sexual partners
43. Number of casual male sexual partners
44. Number of exchange male sexual partners

45a

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Male Sex Partners and
12 month sex
behaviors

MSM
IDU
HET

Of your ______ [insert number from Q42] male main partners Addresses NHBS Key Indicator II-C-1.
in the past 12 months, with how many did you have anal sex?

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

Adapted from the MMP questionnaire (OMB No. 0920-0740, expiration
06/30/2010). Addresses NHBS Key Indicator II-C-1.

Page 9-15

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

45b

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Male Sex Partners and
12 month sex
behaviors

MSM
IDU
HET

In the past 12 months, with how many of these ______ [insert Addresses NHBS Key Indicator II-C-2.
number from Q45a] men did you have anal sex without using
a condom?

45c

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Male Sex Partners and
12 month sex
behaviors

MSM
IDU
HET

Of your ____ [insert number from Q42] male main partners, Developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC to indicate
with how many did you have sex for the first time in the past 12 the number of a male respondent's number of new male sexual partners in past 12
months. See Q17e.
months?

45d

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Male Sex Partners and
12 month sex
behaviors

MSM
IDU
HET

With how many of these ____ [insert number from Q45c]
men did you discuss BOTH your HIV status and their HIV
status before you had sex for the first time?

See 17f.

46a-46d

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Male Sex Partners and
12 month sex
behaviors

MSM
IDU
HET

Male casual sex partners

See Q45a-Q45d.

47a-47d

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Male Sex Partners and
12 month sex
behaviors

MSM
IDU
HET

Male exchange sex partners

See Q45a-Q45d.

47c

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Male Sex Partners and
12 month sex
behaviors

MSM
IDU
HET

Of your ______ [insert number from Q44] male exchange
partners in the past 12 months, how many did you give things
like money or drugs in exchange for sex?

Developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC. Provides
information about who paid whom during sex with a male exchange partner. This
is important for understanding power dynamics for negotiating safer sex.

47d

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Male Sex Partners and
12 month sex
behaviors

MSM
IDU
HET

See Q47c.
Of your ______ [insert number from Q44] male exchange
partners in the past 12 months, how many gave you things like
money or drugs in exchange for sex?

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

Page 9-16

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

48-63

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent
Male Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

Most recent male partner

Unless otherwise noted, Q48-Q63 are adapted from the MMP questionnaire (OMB
No. 0920-0740, expiration 06/30/2010). These questions provide detailed
information about HIV risk behaviors during a specific sexual encounter (the most
recent) with a male sex partner. Event-level questions elicit more reliabe
information than longer time periods.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent
Male Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

Now I would like you to think about the last time you had sex
with a man. When was the last time you had oral or anal sex
with a man? Just tell me the month and year.

Establishes the length of time since last sex with a male partner.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent
Male Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

Was the man you had sex with that last time a main partner, a
casual partner, or an exchange partner?

Characterizes the type of last male sex partner.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent
Male Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

When you had sex that last time, did you give him things in
Related to NHBS Key Indicator II-C-3. Indicates the general type of exchange that
exchange for sex or did he give you things in exchange for sex? took place (who was paid for sex). This is important for understanding power
dynamics for negotiating safer sex.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent
Male Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

When you had sex that last time, did you have receptive anal
sex where he put his penis in your anus (butt)?

Indicates type of anal sex during last sexual encounter with this partner.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent
Male Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

During receptive anal sex that last time, did he use a condom?

Establishes whether respondent had unprotected receptive anal sex with his most
recent male sex partner. NHBS Key Indicator II-C-5.

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

Page 9-17

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

52a

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent
Male Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

Did he use the condom the whole time?

Establishes whether respondent had unprotected receptive anal sex with his most
recent male sex partner. NHBS Key Indicator II-C-5.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent
Male Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

When you had sex that last time, did you have insertive anal
sex where you put your penis in his anus (butt)?

Indicates type of anal sex during last sexual encounter with this partner.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent
Male Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

During insertive anal sex that last time, did you use a condom? Establishes whether respondent had unprotected insertive anal sex with his most
recent male sex partner. NHBS Key Indicator II-C-5.

54a

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent
Male Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

Did you use the condom the whole time?

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent
Male Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

Before or during the last time you had sex with this partner, did Substance use can affect decisions about sexual behavior. NHBS Key Indicator IIyou use: (alcohol, drugs, alcohol and drugs)?
C-6.

55a

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent
Male Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

Which drugs did you use?

NHBS Key Indicator II-C-6. Also related to Key Indicator II-A-5.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent
Male Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

The last time you had sex with this partner, did you know his
HIV status?

Establishes whether serostatus of last male sexual partner was unknown. Key
Indicator II-C-4.

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

Establishes whether respondent had unprotected insertive anal sex with his most
recent male sex partner. NHBS Key Indicator II-C-5.

Page 9-18

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

56a

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent
Male Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

What was his HIV status?

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent
Male Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

Was this partner younger than you, older than you, or the same See Q32-Q32a.
age as you?

57a

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent
Male Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

What was his age?

See Q32-Q32a.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent
Male Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

Has this partner ever injected drugs like heroin, cocaine, or
speed?

See Q33.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent
Male Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

Has this partner ever used crack cocaine?

See Q34.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent
Male Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

Has this partner ever been in prison or jail for more than 24
hours?

See Q35.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent
Male Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

How long have you been having a sexual relationship with this See Q36.
partner?

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

Key Indicator II-C-5.

Page 9-19

Question
Number

Section

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent
Male Sex Partner

As far as you know, during the past 12 months when you were See Q37.
having a sexual relationship with this partner, did he have sex
with other people? Would you say she:
Definitely did not
Probably did not
Probably did
Definitely did

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent
Male Sex Partner

During the past 12 months when you were having a sexual
relationship with this partner, did you have sex with other
people?

See Q38.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent
Male Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

Where did you first meet this partner?

Developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC. NHBS
Key Indicator II-C-7. Responses capture only those places previously associated
with HIV or STD transmission (high risk venues).

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent
Male Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

In the past 12 months, how often have you gone to a place
Developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC as a
where gay men hangout, meet or socialize? These could
measure of venue-attendance. Used for weighting data collected through venueinclude bars, clubs, social organizations, parks, gay businesses, based sampling.
bookstores, sex clubs, etc.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent
Male Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

In the past 12 months, how often did you use the internet to
look for sex partners?

Developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC. Partners
met through the internet are likely to be anonymous.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Male Respondent
Most Recent
Male Sex Partner

MSM
IDU
HET

The next question is about whether you have told people that
you are attracted to or have sex with men. I’ll read a list of
people you may have told, please tell me which ones apply.
Have you told:
Male friends who also have sex with other men
Other friends
Family members
Spouse or partner
Health care providers
No, haven’t told anyone

See Q10a. Respondents to this question are non-gay-identified MSM (i.e. men who
identified as "heterosexual" in Q10, but who reported having a male sex partner in
the past 12 months).

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

NHBS
Cycle

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

Page 9-20

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

68-96

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Female Respondent
Male Sex Partners

IDU
HET

Male partners

The format, source, and rationale for Q68-Q96 (which ask female respondents
about behaviors with their male sex partners) mirror those which ask male partners
about behaviors with their female sex partners. See Q11-Q38 above.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Female Respondent
Male Sex Partners

IDU
HET

Has this partner ever had sex with other men?

Developed for NHBS to identify risk to female respondents whose male partners
have had sex with men.

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
Female Respondent
Female Sex Partners

IDU
HET

Now I’m going to ask you about having sex with other women. Indicator of female respondents who are bisexual or lesbian.
In the past 12 months, with how many different women have
you had sex?

ALCOHOL USE
HISTORY

MSM
IDU
HET

In the past 12 months, did you drink any alcohol such as beer,
wine, malt liquor, or hard liquor?

Developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC. Alcohol
use is associated with sexual risk behaviors.

98a

ALCOHOL USE
HISTORY

MSM
IDU
HET

In the past 30 days, on how many days did you drink any
alcohol?

Adapted from the MMP quesitonnaire (OMB No. 0920-0740, expiration
06/30/2010) to measure current alcohol use and heavy alcohol use.

98b

ALCOHOL USE
HISTORY

MSM
IDU
HET

On the days when you drank alcohol in the past 30 days, about Adapted from the NIC questionnaire currently under OMB review (OMB No.092005DA) to measure heavy alcohol use.
how many drinks did you have on average?

98c

ALCOHOL USE
HISTORY

MSM
IDU
HET

In the past 30 days, how many times did you have 5 or more
alcoholic drinks in one sitting?

Adapted from the MMP questionnaire (OMB No. 0920-0740, expiration
06/30/2010) to measure binge drinking.

98d

ALCOHOL USE
HISTORY

MSM
IDU
HET

In the past 12 months, how often did you have 5 or more
alcoholic drinks in one sitting?

Indicator for binge drinking behavior in the past 12 months. See Q98c.

DRUG USE HISTORY
(Injection Drugs)

MSM
HET

Have you ever in your life shot up or injected any drugs other For the NHBS-IDU cycle, this question is asked as part of the Eligiblity Screener
than those prescribed for you? By shooting up, I mean anytime (see ES10).
you might have used drugs with a needle, either by mainlining,
skin popping, or muscling.

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

Page 9-21

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

99a

DRUG USE HISTORY
(Injection Drugs)

MSM
IDU
HET

Think back to the very first time you injected any drugs, other
than those prescribed for you. How old were you when you
first injected any drug?

Developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC and
consultants. This question can be used as a proxy to measure period of time
respondent may have been at risk fo HIV infection through unsafe injection
practices.

99a

DRUG USE HISTORY
(Injection Drugs)

MSM
HET

When was the last time you injected any drug? That is, how
many days or months or years ago did you last inject?

Addresses NHBS Key Indicator II-A-3 and II-A-4. For the NHBS-MSM and NHBSHET cycles, this question is asked as part of the NHBS core questionnaire. For
NHBS-IDU this quesiton is asked in the eligibility screener (ES11).

100

DRUG USE HISTORY
(Injection Drugs)

MSM
IDU
HET

In the past 12 months when you injected, did you get your
needles at any of the following places:
a. Pharmacy or drug store
b. Doctor’s office, clinic, or hospital
c. Friend, acquaintance, relative, or sex partner
d. Needle or drug dealer, shooting gallery, hit house, off the
street
e. Needle exchange program
f. Other (Specify ___________________________)

Developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC. Sources
are markers for access to new, sterile needles.

101

DRUG USE HISTORY
(Injection Drugs)

MSM
IDU
HET

In the past 12 months when you injected, how often did you use Adopted from the MMP questionnaire (OMB No. 0920-0740, expiration
a new, sterile needle? By a new, sterile needle, I mean a needle 06/30/2010). Documentation of safe injecting practices, i.e. use of a clean, sterile
never used before by anyone, even you.
needle to inject. Addresses NHBS Key Indicator II-A-7.

102

DRUG USE HISTORY
(Injection Drugs)

MSM
IDU
HET

How often did you inject:
a. Heroin and cocaine together (speedballs)
b. Heroin alone
c. Powdered cocaine alone
d. Crack cocaine
e. Crystal meth (tina, crank, or ice)
f. Oxycontin
g. Other injected drug (Specify___________)

Adapted from the MMP questionnaire (OMB No. 0920-0740, expiration
06/30/2010) to document type and frequency of injection drug use by respondent.
Addresses NHBS Key Indicator II-A-4 and II-A-6.

103

DRUG USE HISTORY
(Injection Drugs)

MSM
IDU
HET

In the past 12 months, with how many people did you use a
needle after they injected with it?

Developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC to
document unsafe injection practices. Addresses NHBS Key Indicator II-A-7.

104

DRUG USE HISTORY
(Injection Drugs)

MSM
IDU
HET

In the past 12 months, with how many people did you use the
same cooker, cotton, or water that they had already used. By
“water,” I mean water for rinsing needles or preparing drugs.

Developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC and
consultants to document unsafe injection practices. Addresses NHBS Key Indicator
II-A-9.

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

Page 9-22

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

105

DRUG USE HISTORY
(Injection Drugs)

MSM
IDU
HET

In the past 12 months, with how many people did you use drugs Developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC to
that had been divided with a syringe that they had already used? document unsafe injection practices. Addresses NHBS Key Indicator II-A-9.

106

DRUG USE HISTORY
(Injection Drugs)

MSM
IDU
HET

In the past 12 months, how often did you use needles that
someone else had already injected with?

107

DRUG USE HISTORY
(Injection Drugs)

IDU

In the past 12 months when you injected, how often did you use See Q104.
a cooker that someone else had already used?

108

DRUG USE HISTORY
(Injection Drugs)

IDU

In the past 12 months when you injected, how often did you use See Q104.
a cotton that someone else had already used?

109

DRUG USE HISTORY
(Injection Drugs)

IDU

In the past 12 months when you injected, how often did you use See Q104.
water that someone else had already used?

110

DRUG USE HISTORY
(Injection Drugs)

MSM
HET

In the past 12 months when you injected, how often did you use For the NHBS-MSM and NHBS-HET cycles, Q107-Q109 have been combined into
cookers, cottons, or water that someone else had already used? one question to limit burden to respondents. See Q104.

111

DRUG USE HISTORY
(Injection Drugs)

MSM
IDU
HET

During the past 12 months when you injected, how often did
you use drugs that had been divided with a syringe that
someone else had already injected with?

See Q110.

112

DRUG USE HISTORY
(Injection Drugs)

MSM
IDU
HET

When was the last time you injected with someone?

See Q103. Question is also related to NHBS Key Indicator II-A-4.

113

DRUG USE HISTORY
(Injection Drugs)

MSM
IDU
HET

The last time you injected with this person, did you use a
needle after they injected with it?

See Q103.

113a

DRUG USE HISTORY
(Injection Drugs)

MSM
IDU
HET

Did you use a new sterile needle to inject?

See Q103.

114

DRUG USE HISTORY
(Injection Drugs)

MSM
IDU
HET

The last time you injected with this person, did you use the
same cooker, cotton, or water that they had already used?

See Q104.

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

See Q103.

Page 9-23

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

115

DRUG USE HISTORY
(Injection Drugs)

MSM
IDU
HET

The last time you injected with this person, did you use drugs
that had been divided with a syringe that they had already
injected with?

See Q104.

116

DRUG USE HISTORY
(Injection Drugs)

MSM
IDU
HET

Is this person male or female?

Developed for NHBS. Gateway to Q117 to assess the intersection of sex and needle
risk of respondent's sharing partner.

117

DRUG USE HISTORY
(Injection Drugs)

MSM
IDU
HET

Has this person ever had sex with another man?

See Q116. Documentation of respondent's exposure to HIV risk from injection
partner who is MSM.

118

DRUG USE HISTORY
(Injection Drugs)

MSM
IDU
HET

The last time you injected with this person, did you know their Developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC to assess
HIV status?
NHBS Key Indicator II-A-8. Determines whether respondent knows their partner's
HIV serostatus.

118a

DRUG USE HISTORY
(Injection Drugs)

MSM
IDU
HET

What was their HIV status?

See Q118.

119

DRUG USE HISTORY
(Injection Drugs)

MSM
IDU
HET

The last time you injected with this person, did you know if
they had been tested for hepatitis C?

Developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC and
consultants to document whether respondent knows the Hepatitis C status of their
last injection partner. Measures risk of transmission of Hepatitis C from
respondent's injection partner.

119a

DRUG USE HISTORY
(Injection Drugs)

MSM
IDU
HET

What was the result of their hepatitis C test?

See Q119.

120

DRUG USE HISTORY
(Injection Drugs)

MSM
IDU
HET

Which of the following best describes you relationship to this
person?
Sex partner
Friend or acquaintance
Relative
Needle or drug dealer
Stranger
Other (specify________________)

Assesses type of relationship between respondent and his/her injection partner.
Addresses the intersection of sex and needle risk of respondent's sharing partner.

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

Page 9-24

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

121

DRUG USE HISTORY MSM HET In the past 12 months, have you used any non-injection drugs,
(Non-Injection Drugs)
other than those prescribed for you?

122

DRUG USE HISTORY
(Non-Injection Drugs)

MSM
IDU
HET

How often did you use:
a. Crystal meth (tina, crank, or ice)
b. Crack cocaine
c. Powdered cocaine that is smoked or snorted
d. Downers such as Valium, Ativan, or Xanax
e. Painkillers such as Oxycontin, Vicodin, or Percocet
f. Hallucinogens such as LSD or mushrooms
g. X or Ecstasy
h. Special K (ketamine)
i. GHB
j. Heroin that is smoked or snorted
k. Marijuana
l. Poppers (amyl nitrate)
m. Other drug (Specify___________)

123

DRUG USE HISTORY

MSM
IDU
HET

In the past 12 months, have you used Viagra, Levitra or Cialis? Adapted from the MMP questionnaire (OMB No. 0920-0740, expiration
06/30/2010) as a gateway question to assess respondent's use of erectile
dysfunction (ED) medications in conjunction with crystal meth. The use of ED
medicationsdrugs in combination with crystal meth has been associated with an
increase in HIV risk behaviors.

123a

DRUG USE HISTORY

MSM
IDU
HET

Did you use it to treat erectile dysfunction?

123b

DRUG USE HISTORY

MSM
IDU
HET

You told me that you used crystal meth (tina, crank, ice). In
Adapted from the MMP questionnaire (OMB No. 0920-0740, expiration
the past 12 months, did you use Viagra, Levitra or Cialis at the 06/30/2010) to document concurrent use of ED medications and crystal meth.
same time you used crystal meth?

124

ALCOHOL AND
DRUG TREATMENT

MSM
IDU
HET

Have you ever participated in an alcohol or drug treatment
program?

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Adapted from the MMP questionnaire (OMB No. 0920-0740, expiration
06/30/2010) as a gateway question to assess respondents' use of non-injection
drugs. In the NHBS-IDU cycle, a version of this question appears in the Eligibility
Screener. See ES17.

Adapted from the MMP questionnaire (OMB No. 0920-0740, expiration
06/30/2010) to assess the frequency of respondents' non-injection drug use.
Assesses NHBS Key Indicator II-A-1.

Developed for NHBS to assess whether ED use was for medical or recreational
purposes.

Developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC and
consultants to assess respondents' participation in alcohol or drug treatment
programs. Addresses NHBS Key Indicator III-2 and III-5.

Page 9-25

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

124a

ALCOHOL AND
DRUG TREATMENT

MSM
IDU
HET

Have you participated in an alcohol or drug treatment program Developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC and
in the past 12 months?
consultants to assess NHBS Key Indicator III-6.

124b

ALCOHOL AND
DRUG TREATMENT

MSM
IDU
HET

In the past 12 months, did you try to get into an alcohol or drug Developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC to
treatment program but were unable to?
document unmet need for drug and alcohol treatment

125

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES

MSM
IDU
HET

Have you ever been tested for HIV?

Unless noted otherwise, Q125-Q135 were developed for NHBS in consultation with
subject matter experts at CDC to measure relevant HIV testing policies, practices,
and guidelines. Q125 addresses NHBS Key Indicator I-1. Responses to this
questions determines which set of questions will be asked regarding HIV testing
experiences.

126

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES

When did you have your first HIV test?

This is a key indicator for HIV incidence modeling.

127

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES

MSM
IDU
HET
MSM
IDU
HET

In the past 2 years, that is, since [insert calculated month and
year] , how many times have you been tested for HIV?

This is a key indicator for HIV incidence modeling. Addresses NHBS Key Indicator
I-3.

128

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES

MSM
IDU
HET

Of the ____ [insert number from Q126] times you were tested This testing behavior is important for creating effective counseling and testing
strategies. Addresses NHBS Key Indicator I-2.
for HIV in the past 2 years, how many times did you get the
result of the test?

128a

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES

MSM
IDU
HET

Think about the last time you didn’t get your HIV test result.
What was the main reason why you didn’t get your result?

This information can be used to improve HIV testing and prevention services.
Addresses NHBS Key Indicator I-2.

129

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES

MSM
IDU
HET

When did you have your most recent HIV test?

Establishes date of most recent HIV test; responses determine subsequent questions
asked. Addresses NHBS Key Indicators I-4 and I-5.

129a

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES

MSM
IDU
HET

When you got tested on ____/____ [insert date from Q129] ,
where did you get tested?

Documents where NHBS respondents who previously tested for HIV were tested.
Used for HIV/AIDS case surveillance and prevention program evaluation.
Addresses NHBS Key Indicator I-6.

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

Page 9-26

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

129b.1129b.7

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES

ALL/
[IQ129b.6
applies to
the
NHBS-IDU
and
NHBS-HET
cycles only.]

129c

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES

MSM
IDU
HET

129d

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES

MSM
IDU
HET

An anonymous HIV test means you were not required to give
your name to get tested. You may have been given an
identification number or code to get your test results. When
you got tested in _____ / ______ [insert date from Q129] , was
it anonymous?
When you got tested in ____/____ [insert date from Q129] ,
was it a rapid test where you could get your results within a
couple of hours?

MSM
IDU
HET

Did the test in ____/____ [insert date from Q129] use a swab Measure use of new testing technologies (e.g. oral fluid tests) as they become
from your mouth, blood from your finger, or blood from your available .
arm?

MSM
IDU
HET
MSM
IDU
HET

What was the result of your most recent HIV test?

129e

129f

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES

130

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

NHBS Key Indicator I-6.
When you got tested in ____/____ [insert date from Q129] ,
why did you get tested? Did you get tested:
1. Because you thought or were worried you had been exposed
to HIV in the 6 months before the test?
2. Because you got tested on a regular basis and it was time for
you to get tested again?
3. Because you were just checking to make sure you were HIV
negative?
4. Because your doctor or health care provider recommended
you get tested?
5. Because you were required to get tested by either insurance,
the military, a court order, or by some other agency
6. Because you were pregnant?
7. Because there was some other reason you wanted to get
tested? (Specify other reason_____)

Identifies persons whose initial HIV diagnosis would not have been picked up by
name-based HIV surveillance systems. Definition of anonymous test is provided for
clarity.

Developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC to
measure use of rapid testing. Provides important information for determining the
extent to which the Advancing HIV Prevention (AHP) recommendation to
implement new models for diagnosing HIV infections is being implemented.

Documents self-reported HIV status and is used to determine unrecognized HIV
infection. Addresses NHBS key Indicator I-4, I-5, I-8

Before your test in (Month/Year) [insert date from Q129] , did Captures previously diagnosed HIV positive individuals whose most recent HIV test
result was not known (i.e. response was "Indeterminate" or "Don't Know"). It is
you ever test positive for HIV? If yes, they skip to Q133a.
possible that a previous HIV test was positive. Related to NHBS Key Indicator I-4,
I-5, I-8.

Page 9-27

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

131a-131j

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES
(No HIV test in past 12
mos)

MSM
IDU
HET

I am going to read you a list of reasons why some people have Used to evaluate access to and utilzation of HIV testing services. Assesses NHBS
not been tested for HIV. Please tell me if the following are
Key Indicator I-7.
reasons why you have not been tested for HIV in the past 12
months. I will read each reason and you should answer No or
Yes for each one.

131k

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES
(No HIV test in past 12
mos)

MSM
IDU
HET

Which of these reasons was the most important reason you have See Q131a-Q131j.
not been tested for HIV in the past 12 months?

132

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES
(HIV Negative or
Unknown status)

MSM
IDU
HET

Some people take HIV or AIDS medicines because they think it Ascertains whether individuals are using HIV medications as pre-exposure
might reduce their chances of getting HIV. We don't know if prophylaxis.
this works. In the past 6 months, did you take any AIDS
medicines to reduce your chance of getting HIV? AIDS
medicines are also known as antiretrovirals, HAART, or the
AIDS cocktail.

133

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES
(HIV Positives)

MSM
IDU
HET

Was your test in ____/_____ [insert date from Q129] your
first positive test?

Clarification of most recent positive HIV test.

133a

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES
(HIV Positives)

MSM
IDU
HET

When did you first test positive?

Adapted from the MMP questionnaire (OMB No. 0920-0740, expiration
06/30/2010) to provide incidence-related data. Most recent test may not necessarily
be the first time the respondent tested positive.

133b

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES
(HIV Positives)

MSM
IDU
HET

When you first tested positive in ____/______ [insert date
from Q133 or Q133a] , where did you get tested?

Adapted from the MMP questionnaire (OMB No. 0920-0740, expiration
06/30/2010) to document type of service that provided HIV testing. Related to
NHBS Key Indicator I-6.

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

Page 9-28

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

133c

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES
(HIV Positives)

ALL/
[Q133.6
applies to
the
NHBS-IDU
and
NHBS-HET
cycles only.]

133d

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES
(HIV Positives)

MSM
IDU
HET

133e

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES
(HIV Positive)
Partner Notification

MSM
IDU
HET

After you tested positive, were you asked by someone from the Adapted from the MMP questionnaire (OMB No. 0920-0740, expiration
health department or your health care provider to give the
06/30/2010). Measures exposure to partner notification services, an important HIV
names of your sex or drug use partners so they could be notified prevention service.
that they may have been exposed to HIV?

133f

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES
(HIV Positive)
Partner Notification

MSM
IDU
HET

Did you give the names of any of your partners when asked?

See Q133e.

133f.1

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES
(HIV Positive)
Partner Notification

MSM
IDU
HET

What is the main reason you didn’t give any names of your
partners when asked?

See Q133e.

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

When you got tested in ____/____ [insert date from Q133 or Assesses reasons for testing. This information can be used to encourage people to
be tested.
Q133a] , why did you get tested? Did you get tested:
1. Because you thought or were worried you had been exposed
to HIV in the 6 months before the test?
2. Because you got tested on a regular basis and it was time for
you to get tested again?
3. Because you were just checking to make sure you were HIV
negative?
4. Because your doctor or health care provider recommended
you get tested?
5. Because you were required to get tested by either insurance,
the military, a court order, or by some other agency
6. Because you were pregnant?
7. Because there was some other reason you wanted to get
tested?
(Specify other reason
)
When you first tested positive in _____ / ______ [insert date See question source and rationale for Q129c.
from Q133 if Q133=0] , was it anonymous?

Page 9-29

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

133g

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES
(HIV Positives)

MSM
IDU
HET

Ascertains time period between last negative and first positive HIV test; used for
Before your first positive test in _____ / ______ [insert date
fromQ133 or Q133a] , did you ever have a negative HIV test? incidence modeling and estimation.
(By negative HIV test, I mean the test showed you did not have
HIV infection.)

133g.1

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES
(HIV Positives)

MSM
IDU
HET

What was the month and year that you got your last negative
HIV test? Tell me when you got your last test, not when you
got your results.

133h

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES
(HIV Positives)

MSM
IDU
HET

In the 2 years before your first positive test in _____ / ______ See Q133g.
[insert date from Q133 or Q133a] , how many times did you
get tested for HIV? Don't include your first positive test in that
total number.

133i

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES
(HIV Postives)

MSM
IDU
HET

Some people take HIV or AIDS medicines because they think it See Q132.
might reduce their chances of getting HIV. We don't know if
this works. In the 6 months before your first positive test, did
you take any AIDS medicines to reduce your chance of getting
HIV? AIDS medicines are also known as antiretrovirals,
HAART, or the AIDS cocktail.

133j

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES
(HIV Positive)
HIV
Care

MSM
IDU
HET

Have you ever been seen by a doctor, nurse, or other health care Q133j-Q134b have been adapted from the MMP questionnaire (OMB No. 0920provider for a medical evaluation or care related to your HIV 0740, expiration 06/30/2010) and in consultation with subject matter experts at
infection?
CDC to collect information about a variety of issues related to HIV Care. Timelines
for delay in care or dropping out of care are based on CDC HIV treatment
guidelines.

133j.1

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES
(HIV Positives)
HIV Care

MSM
IDU
HET

What is the main reason you have never gone to a health care
provider for a medical evaluation or care related to your HIV
infection?

See Q133j.

133k

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES
(HIV Positives)
HIV Care

MSM
IDU
HET

When did you first go to your health care provider after
learning you had HIV?

See Q133j.

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

See Q133g.

Page 9-30

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

133l

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES
(HIV Positives)
HIV Care

MSM
IDU
HET

Some people go to a health care provider soon after learning
they are positive. What is the main reason you didn’t go to a
health care provider soon after you learned of your HIV
infection?

133m

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES
(HIV Positives)

MSM
IDU
HET

When did you last go to your health care provider for HIV care? See Q133j.

133n

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES
(HIV Positives)
HIV Care

MSM
IDU
HET

What is the main reason you have not gone to a health care
provider for HIV care in the
past 6 months?

134

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES
(HIV Positives)
HIV Care

MSM
IDU
HET

Are you currently taking medicines to treat your HIV infection? See Q133j.
These medicines are also known as antiretroviral medicines,
HAART, or the AIDS cocktail.

134a

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES
(HIV Positives)
HIV Care

MSM
IDU
HET

Have you ever given your AIDS medicines to a sex partner who See Q132.
was HIV-negative because you thought it might protect them
for getting HIV?

134b

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES
(HIV Positives)
HIV Care

MSM
IDU
HET

What is the main reason you are not currently taking any
antiretroviral medicines?

135

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES

MSM
IDU
HET

As far as you know, when someone visits their doctor for a
Adapted from the 2006 Survey of Americans on HIV/AIDS conducted by the Kaiser
regular check-up or exam, is it routine practice to perform a test Family Foundation to assess attitudes about routine HIV testing among the U.S.
for HIV, or do they have to ask their doctor to perform this test? public.

136a-b

HIV TESTING
EXPERIENCES

MSM
IDU
HET

I’m going to read two statements. Tell me which comes closer See Q135. The order of the response choices are randomized by date to assess bias.
to your opinion:
[GIVE RESPONDENT FLASHCARD L]
A-- HIV testing should be treated just like routine screening for
other diseases, and should be included as part of regular checkups and exams; or B-- HIV testing should be treated differently
from routine screening for other diseases, and should require
special procedures, such as written permission from the patient
in order to perform the test?

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

See Q133j.

Page 9-31

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

137

HEALTH
CONDITIONS
(Male Circumcision)

MSM
IDU
HET

Have you been circumcised?

Developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC to
document prevalence of circumcision among male respondents. Recent randomized
control trials (RCT) among circumcised and uncircumcised men in eastern and
southern Africa found a strong association between circumcision and reduced HIV
acquisition among men.

HEALTH
CONDITIONS
(Male Circumcision)

MSM
IDU
HET

Were you circumcised after December 2005?

Developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC to
ascertain if participants were circumcised after results of RCT in eastern and
southern Africa were published. See Q137.

HEALTH
CONDITIONS
(Male Circumcision)

MSM
IDU
HET

Why did you get circumcised?

Developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC to
ascertain reasons for circumcision as an adult.

138

HEALTH
CONDITIONS
(Hepatitis)

MSM
IDU
HET

The next questions are about hepatitis, an infection of the liver. Q138-Q143 have been developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter
Has a doctor, nurse or other health care provider ever told you experts at CDC from the Division of Viral Hepatitis (DVH) and consultants. MSM
that you had hepatitis?
and IDU are at an increased risk of acquiring Hepatitis A (HAV) and Hepatitis B
(HBV); IDU are also at increased risk of acquiring Hepatitis C (HCV).

138a

HEALTH
CONDITIONS
(Hepatitis)

MSM
IDU
HET

What type or types of hepatitis have you had?

Self-reported hepatitis by type of hepatitis.

139

HEALTH
CONDITIONS
(Hepatitis C+)

MSM
IDU
HET

When were you told you had hepatitis C?

Hepatitis C is highly prevalent among IDU. Categories for time since diagnosis
per suggestion of content experts in DVH.

139a

HEALTH
CONDITIONS
(Hepatitis C+)

MSM
IDU
HET

Have you ever taken medicine to treat your hepatitis C
infection?

See Q139.

140

HEALTH
CONDITIONS
(Hepatitis C Testing)

MSM
IDU
HET

Now I'm going to ask you about getting tested for hepatitis C.
Have you ever had a blood test to check for hepatitis C
infection?

DVH recommends collecting information on respondent's history of hepatitis C
testing for those not diagnosed.

140a

HEALTH
CONDITIONS
(Hepatitis C Testing)

MSM
IDU
HET

When did you have your most recent hepatitis C test?

Categorization of time since most recent hepatitis C test per suggestion of DVH.

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

Page 9-32

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

Question

141-142

HEALTH
CONDITIONS
(Hepatitis B+)

MSM
IDU
HET

Now I'm going to ask you about treatment for Hepatitis B.
For HIV + Respondents:
You told me that you tested positive for HIV. In the 6 months
before your first positive HIV test, did you take any medicines
to treat your Hepatitis B infection?
For all other respondents:
In the past 6 months, did you take any medicines to treat your
Hepatitis B infection?

Developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC to better
interpret HIV tests results with STARHS (Serologic Testing Algorithm for Recent
HIV Seroconversions). Drugs used in the treatment of Hepatitis B may affect test
results.

143

HEALTH
CONDITIONS
(Hepatitis Vaccine)

MSM
IDU
HET

There are vaccines or shots that can prevent some types of
hepatitis. Have you ever had a hepatitis vaccine?

Because MSM and IDU are at high risk for acquiring HAV, HBC, and HCV,
hepatitis vaccination is an important public health intervention among these
groups.

143a

HEALTH
CONDITIONS
(Hepatitis Vaccine)

MSM
IDU
HET

What type or types of hepatitis vaccine have you had?

See Q143.

144a-144f

HEALTH
CONDITIONS
(STDs)

MSM
IDU
HET

In the past 12 months, has a doctor, nurse, or other health care
provider told you that you had any of the following STDs?
a. Syphilis
b. Gonorrhea (clap or drip)
c. Chlamydia
d. Genital Herpes (HSV)
e. Genital Warts (HPV)
f. Any other STDs? f.1 Specify

Developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts at CDC to capture
testing and diagnosis of common Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs). Addresses
NHBS Key Indicator II-B-12 and II-C-8.

144a.1144f.1

HEALTH
CONDITIONS
(STDs)

MSM
IDU
HET

Number of times in past 12 months they had STD mentioned in Provides additional information respondents's answers to Q144a-Q144f as people
Q138a-Q138f
can be re-infected with these STDs or have multiple outbreaks of herpes.

144aa

HEALTH
CONDITIONS
(STDs)

MSM
IDU
HET

Even though a health care provider did not tell you that you had Developed for NHBS in consulation with subject matter experts at CDC. Syphilis
syphilis, did you have a test to check for syphilis in the past 12 has a strong E236association with HIV transmission and acquisition. Addresses
months?
NHBS-Key Indicator II-B-12 and II-C-8.

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

Page 9-33

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

Question

145-147a

HIV TESTING
IN JAIL

MSM
IDU
HET

HIV and Hep C Testing in Jail

Q145-Q147a were developed for NHBS in consultation with subject matter experts
at CDC to assess incarceration history and HIV and Hepatitis C testing during
incarceration.

145-145a

HIV TESTING
IN JAIL

MSM
IDU
HET

Q145. In the past 12 months, have you been arrested by the
police and booked?

Jail or prison-based HIV testing programs may not offer testing until after at least
24 hours of incarceration. Knowing how long respondent was incarcerated would
determine if there was enough time to be offered testing. Address NHBS Key
Indicator III-7.

Q145a. Think about the last time you were arrested and
booked. How much time did you spend in detention, jail, or
prison?

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

146

HIV TESTING
IN JAIL

The last time you were in detention, jail, or prison, did you get See Q145-147a.
a test for HIV?

146a

HIV TESTING
IN JAIL

Did you get the results of that HIV test?

147

HIV TESTING
IN JAIL

The last time you were in detention, jail, or prison, did you get See Q145-147a.
a test for hepatitis C?

Did you get the results of that hepatitis C test?

147a

148

PREVENTION
ACTIVITIES
(Condoms)

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

MSM
IDU
HET

See Q145-147a.

In the past 12 months, have you gotten any free condoms, not The format and content of Q148-Q152b were adapted from the MMP questionnaire
counting those given to you by a friend, relative, or sex partner? (OMB No. 0920-0740, expiration 06/30/2010) . This series of questions assess
respondents use of HIV prevention services. Q148 is related to NHBS Key Indicator
III-1.

Page 9-34

Question
Number

Section

148a

NHBS
Cycle

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

MSM
IDU
HET

Did someone give you the condoms or did you pick them up?

Addresses NHBS Key Indicator III-1.

148b148bb.10

PREVENTION
ACTIVITIES
(Condoms)

MSM
IDU
HET

If condoms given to respondent, ask :
What type of organization did they work for?
If respondent picked condoms up, ask:
Did you pick the condoms up at any of the following places?
HIV/AIDS-focused community-based organization
2. GLBTQ organization or community health center
3. Needle exchange program
4. IDU outreach program
5. Community health center/public health clinic
6. Drug treatment program
7. Business
8. School/university/college
9. Pride or other similar event
10. Other (Specify other reason)

See Q148.

148c

PREVENTION
ACTIVITIES
(Condoms)

MSM
IDU
HET

Have you used any of the free condoms you received?

See Q148. Addresses NHBS Key Indicator III-1.

149

PREVENTION
ACTIVITIES
(Sterile needles)

MSM
IDU
HET

In the past 12 months, have you gotten any new sterile needles See Q148.
for free, not including those given to you by a friend, relative,
or sex partner?

149a

PREVENTION
ACTIVITIES
(Sterile needles)

MSM
IDU
HET

Did you get the free sterile needles at any of the following
places?

See Q148.

149b

PREVENTION
ACTIVITIES
(Sterile needles)

MSM
IDU
HET

Have you used any of the free sterile needles you received?

See Q148.

150

PREVENTION
ACTIVITIES
(Kits/Works)

MSM
IDU
HET

In the past 12 months, have you gotten any new cookers,
See Q148.
cotton, or water for free, not including those given to you by a
friend, relative, or sex partner?

150-150a.6

PREVENTION
ACTIVITIES
(Kits/Works)

MSM
IDU
HET

Did you get those free items at any of the following places?

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

See Q148.

Page 9-35

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

150b

PREVENTION
ACTIVITIES
(Kits/Works)

MSM
IDU
HET

Have you used the free cookers, cotton, or water that you
received?

151

PREVENTION
ACTIVITIES

MSM
IDU
HET

In the past 12 months, have you had a one-on-one conversation Provides information to assessexposure to an individual level intervention (ILI).
with an outreach worker, counselor, or prevention program
Addresses NHBS Key Indicator III-2.
worker about ways to prevent HIV? Don’t count the times
when you had a conversation like this as part of an HIV test.

151a151a.10

PREVENTION
ACTIVITIES

MSM
IDU
HET

What type of organization did they work for?

Addresses NHBS Key Indicator III-2.

151b.1151b.6

PREVENTION
ACTIVITIES

MSM
IDU
HET

During those one-on-one conversation(s), did you:
1. Discuss ways to talk to a partner about safe sex?
2. Practice ways to talk with a partner about safe sex?
3. Discuss ways to effectively use condoms?
4. Practice ways to effectively use condoms?
[If IDU in past 12 months, ask:]
5.Discuss safe drug-injecting practices?
6. Practice how to prepare for safe injections?

Addresses NHBS Key Indicator III-2.

152

PREVENTION
ACTIVITIES

MSM
IDU
HET

In the past 12 months have you been a participant in any
Provides information to assess exposure to group level interventions (GLI).
organized session(s) involving a small group of people to dicuss Addresses NHBS Key Indicator III-2.
ways to prevent HIV? Don't include any discussions you had
with a group of friends.

PREVENTION
ACTIVITIES

MSM
IDU
HET

What type of organization did they work for?

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

See Q148.

Addresses NHBS Key Indicator III-2.

Page 9-36

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

152-152b

PREVENTION
ACTIVITIES

MSM
IDU
HET

During those organized group session(s), did you:
1. Discuss ways to talk to a partner about safe sex?
2. Practice ways to talk with a partner about safe sex?
3. Discuss ways to effectively use condoms?
4. Practice ways to effectively use condoms?
[If IDU in past 12 months, ask:]
5.Discuss safe drug-injecting practices?
6. Practice how to prepare for safe injections?

Addresses NHBS Key Indicator III-2.

RECRUITER
QUESTIONS

IDU
HET

How many of the coupons did you give out?

In the NHBS-IDU and HET cycles, this question establishes the number of coupons
the recruiter gave out.

RECRUITER
QUESTIONS

IDU
HET

Has anyone refused the coupons?

R3a

RECRUITER
QUESTIONS

IDU
HET

Of those who refused coupons, how many were male?

In the NHBS-IDU and NHBS-HET cycles, this question is a gateway question for
the R2 questions, which collect information on those who refused coupons
(i.e.,nonresponders)
In the NHBS-IDU cycle, this question, with R3b documents the gender of those who
refused coupons

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

Page 9-37

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

R3b

RECRUITER
QUESTIONS

IDU
HET

Of those who refused coupons, how many were female?

R3c-f

RECRUITER
QUESTIONS

IDU
HET

What is the race or ethnic background of the __ [insert number In the NHBS-IDU cycle, this question documents the race and Hispanic ethnicity of
from R2] people who refused coupons? That is, how many
the network members.
were white, black, Hispanic, or another race?
R3c. White
R3d. Black
R3e. Hispanic
R3f. Another race

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

In the NHBS-IDU cycle, this question, with R3a documents the gender of those who
refused coupons

Page 9-38

Question
Number

Section

NHBS
Cycle

BEHAVIORAL
SURVEILLANCE
INDICATOR
( Opposite Sex
Partners)

MSM
IDU
HET

BEHAVIORAL
SURVEILLANCE
INDICATOR
(Male Same Sex
Partners)

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

II-B-1. Number of partners with whom they had vaginal sex in NHBS Key Behavioral Indicators for Opposite Sex Partners.
the past 12 months.
II-B-2. Number of partners with whom they had unprotected
vaginal sex in the past 12 months.
II-B-3. Number of partners with whom they had anal sex in the
past 12 months.
II-B-4. Number of partners with whom they had unprotected
anal sex in the past 12 months.
II-B-5. Exchange sex with a partner in the past 12 months.
II-B-6. Discussed serostatus with vaginal sex partner (last
partner).
II-B-7. Discussed serostatus with anal sex partner (last partner).
II-B-8. Unprotected vaginal sex with a partner of unknown or
opposite serostatus (last partner).
II-B-9. Unprotected anal sex with a partner of unknown or
opposite serostatus (last partner).
II-B-10. Drug or alcohol use before/during vaginal sex with a
partner (last partner).
II-B-11. Drug or alcohol use before/during anal sex with partner
(last partner).
II-B-12. Syphilis or GC testing/diagnosis in the past 12 months.

II-C-1. Number of male partners with whom they had anal sex
in the past 12 months.
II-C-2. Number of male partners with whom they had
unprotected anal sex in the past 12 months.
II-C-3. Exchange sex with a man in the past 12 months.
II-C-4. Discussed serostatus with male anal sex partner (last
partner).
II-C-5. Unprotected anal sex with a male partner of unknown or
opposite serostatus (last partner).
II-C-6. Drug or alcohol use before/during anal sex with a male
partner (last partner).
II-C-7. Meeting male sex partners at places where known HIV
or STD transmission has occurred (last non-main partner).
II-C-8. Syphilis or GC testing/diagnosis in the past 12 months.

Page 9-39

Question
Number

Section

BEHAVIORAL
SURVEILLANCE
INDICATOR
(Prevention Services)

NHBS Question Justifications
July 2007

NHBS
Cycle

Question

Source for Question/Rationale for Inclusion in NHBS

III-1. Received and used free condoms in the past 12 months.
III-2. Participated in a risk reduction education program
(individual or group level interventions) in the past 12 months.
III-3. Visited a health care provider in the past 12 months.
III-4. Used needle exchange services in the past 12 months.
III-5. Ever attempted drug or alcohol treatment.
III-6. Drug or alcohol treatment in the past 12 months.
III-7. Incarcerated longer than 24 hours in the past 12 months.

Page 9-40

File Type	application/pdf
File Modified	2007-08-02
File Created	2007-08-02