Crop Production Report

Crop
Production
Washington, D.C.

Released May 9, 2008, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, U.S. Department of Agriculture. For
information on Crop Production call (202) 720-2127, office hours 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET.

Winter Wheat Production Up 17 Percent from 2007
All Orange Production Unchanged From April
Winter wheat production is forecast at 1.78 billion bushels, up 17 percent from 2007. Expected area for harvest
as grain or seed totals 40.2 million acres, up 12 percent from last year. Based on May 1 conditions, the U.S. yield
is forecast at 44.3 bushels per acre, up 2.1 bushels from the previous year.
Hard Red production is up 5 percent from a year ago to 1.01 billion bushels. Soft Red production is up 54 percent
and totals 551 million bushels. White production totals 215 million bushels, up 10 percent from a year ago. Of
the White production total, 23.2 million bushels are Hard White and 192 million bushels are Soft White.
The U.S. all orange forecast for the 2007-08 season is 10.1 million tons, unchanged from the April 1 forecast but
33 percent higher than the 2006-07 final utilization of 7.63 million tons. Florida’s all orange forecast, at
169 million boxes (7.58 million tons), is unchanged from the previous forecast but 31 percent higher than last
season’s final utilization of 129 million boxes. Early, midseason, and navel varieties in Florida are forecast at
83.5 million boxes (3.76 million tons), unchanged from the April 1 forecast but 27 percent above last season.
Florida’s Valencia forecast, at 85.0 million boxes (3.83 million tons), is unchanged from the last forecast but
34 percent higher than 2006-07. The monthly row count survey indicated that about 50 percent of the Valencia
orange rows had been harvested. If the production forecast for all oranges is achieved, it will be the highest since
2003-04, prior to the two hurricane seasons. Arizona, California, and Texas orange production forecasts are
carried forward from April 1.
Florida frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) yield forecast for the 2007-08 season is 1.65 gallons per box
at 42.0 degrees Brix, up 1 percent from last month and unchanged from last season’s final yield. The early-mid
portion is final at 1.55 gallons per box, down slightly from last season’s final of 1.56 gallons per box. The
Valencia portion increased from 1.73 gallons per box to 1.76 gallons per box, second only to last season’s record
final of 1.77 gallons per box. All yield projections include the assumption that the processing relationships this
season will be similar to those of the past several seasons.

Cr Pr 2-2 (5-08)

This report was approved on May 9, 2008.

Secretary of
Agriculture
Edward T. Schafer

Crop Production
May 2008

Agricultural Statistics Board
Chairperson
Carol C. House

2

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Contents
Page
Grains & Hay
Hay Stocks .....................................................................................................................................................6
Wheat, By Class .............................................................................................................................................5
Wheat, Durum ................................................................................................................................................5
Wheat, Winter ................................................................................................................................................4
Cotton, Tobacco & Sugar Crops
Cotton...........................................................................................................................................................14
Cumulative Boll Counts ............................................................................................................................17
Harvest Loss per Acre ...............................................................................................................................16
Cottonseed....................................................................................................................................................16
Tobacco ..........................................................................................................................................................9
Noncitrus Fruits & Tree Nuts
Almonds .......................................................................................................................................................13
Bananas ........................................................................................................................................................12
Guavas..........................................................................................................................................................12
Papayas.........................................................................................................................................................12
Peaches.........................................................................................................................................................13
Taro ..............................................................................................................................................................12
Citrus Fruits
Grapefruit ........................................................................................................................................................7
Lemons ............................................................................................................................................................7
Oranges ...........................................................................................................................................................7
Tangelos ..........................................................................................................................................................7
Tangerines .......................................................................................................................................................7
Temples ...........................................................................................................................................................7
Potatoes & Miscellaneous Crops
Potatoes ..........................................................................................................................................................8
Crop Comments.................................................................................................................................................26
Crop Summary ..................................................................................................................................................18
Information Contacts ........................................................................................................................................33
Reliability of Acreage Data in this Report ......................................................................................................31
Weather Maps ...................................................................................................................................................24
Weather Summary ............................................................................................................................................25

Crop Production
May 2008

3

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

State

Winter Wheat: Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by State
and United States, 2006-2007 and Forecasted May 1, 2008
Harvested
Yield
Production
2007

2008

2007

2008

2006

2007

2008

1,000 Acres

1,000 Acres

Bushels

Bushels

1,000 Bushels

1,000 Bushels

1,000 Bushels

AR
CA
CO
DE
GA
ID
IL
IN
KS
KY
MD
MI
MS
MO
MT
NE
NY
NC
OH
OK
OR
PA
SC
SD
TN
TX
VA
WA
WI

700
240
2,350
55
230
710
890
370
8,600
250
170
540
330
880
2,190
1,960
85
500
730
3,500
735
155
135
1,980
260
3,800
205
1,690
270

840
320
2,100
78
350
840
1,160
530
9,400
450
215
710
425
1,120
2,600
1,850
120
700
1,000
4,500
760
190
170
1,750
490
3,400
250
1,720
300

41.0
80.0
40.0
68.0
40.0
73.0
57.0
57.0
33.0
49.0
68.0
65.0
56.0
43.0
38.0
43.0
52.0
40.0
63.0
28.0
55.0
58.0
31.0
48.0
41.0
37.0
64.0
64.0
69.0

53.0
70.0
32.0
66.0
54.0
72.0
63.0
66.0
38.0
66.0
64.0
69.0
57.0
52.0
34.0
44.0
55.0
51.0
64.0
33.0
60.0
58.0
50.0
44.0
58.0
29.0
64.0
63.0
68.0

18,605
14,500
39,900
3,015
5,880
54,670
60,970
31,740
291,200
22,720
8,500
47,450
4,307
49,140
82,560
61,200
5,795
24,780
65,280
81,600
38,690
8,850
6,150
41,400
12,160
33,600
10,540
118,800
17,940

28,700
19,200
94,000
3,740
9,200
51,830
50,730
21,090
283,800
12,250
11,560
35,100
18,480
37,840
83,220
84,280
4,420
20,000
45,990
98,000
40,425
8,990
4,185
95,040
10,660
140,600
13,120
108,160
18,630

44,520
22,400
67,200
5,148
18,900
60,480
73,080
34,980
357,200
29,700
13,760
48,990
24,225
58,240
88,400
81,400
6,600
35,700
64,000
148,500
45,600
11,020
8,500
77,000
28,420
98,600
16,000
108,360
20,400

Oth
Sts 1

1,442

1,824

43.5

44.0

36,139

62,749

80,209

35,952

40,162

42.2

44.3

1,298,081

1,515,989

1,777,532

US
1

Other States include AL, AZ, FL, IA, LA, MN, NV, NJ, NM, ND, UT, WV, and WY. Individual State level estimates will be published
in the "Small Grains 2008 Summary."

Crop Production
May 2008

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Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Durum Wheat: Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by State
and United States, 2006-2007 and Forecasted May 1, 2008 1
Area Harvested
Yield
Production

State

2007

2008

2007

2008

2006

2007

2008

1,000 Acres

1,000 Acres

Bushels

Bushels

1,000 Bushels

1,000 Bushels

1,000 Bushels

AZ
CA
MT
ND

79
75
475
1,460

Oth
Sts 2
US
1
2

145
155

100.0
95.0
24.0
30.0

95.0
100.0

7,400
6,435
6,715
31,500

7,900
7,125
11,400
43,800

23

63.5

1,425

1,461

2,112

33.9

53,475

71,686

13,775
15,500

Area harvested for the U.S. and remaining States will be published in "Acreage" released June 30, 2008. Yield and production will be
published in "Crop Production" released July 11, 2008.
For 2006, Other States include MN and SD. For 2007 and 2008, Other States include ID and SD. Individual State level estimates will
be published in the "Small Grains 2008 Summary."

Wheat: Production by Class, United States, 2006-2007
and Forecasted May 1, 2008 1
Winter
Year

Hard
Red

Soft
Red

Hard
White

Soft
White

All
White

1,000 Bushels

1,000 Bushels

1,000 Bushels

1,000 Bushels

1,000 Bushels

2006
2007
2008

682,079
961,588
1,011,255

390,165
357,897
550,826

13,284
21,460
23,172

212,553
175,044
192,279

225,837
196,504
215,451

Spring
Hard
Red

Hard
White

Soft
White

All
White

Durum

1,000 Bushels

1,000 Bushels

1,000 Bushels

1,000 Bushels

1,000 Bushels

2006
2007
2008
1

432,339
448,904

6,226
5,589

21,915
24,554

28,141
30,143

53,475
71,686

Total
1,000 Bushels

1,812,036
2,066,722

Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both survey and administrative data. The previous endof-season class percentages are used throughout the forecast season for States that do not have survey or administrative data
available.

Crop Production
May 2008

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Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

State

AL
AZ
AR
CA
CO
CT
DE
FL
GA
ID
IL
IN
IA
KS
KY
LA
ME
MD
MA
MI
MN
MS
MO
MT
NE
NV
NH
NJ
NM
NY
NC
ND
OH
OK
OR
PA
RI
SC
SD
TN
TX
UT
VT
VA
WA
WV
WI
WY
US

Crop Production
May 2008

Hay: Stocks on Farms by State and United States,
December 1 and May 1, 2005-2008
Dec 1

May 1

2005

2006

2007

2006

2007

2008

1,000 Tons

1,000 Tons

1,000 Tons

1,000 Tons

1,000 Tons

1,000 Tons

1,575
350
2,000
1,840
2,365
55
18
380
1,350
2,260
1,260
1,498
4,200
5,000
4,390
596
138
390
76
1,852
4,117
1,567
6,315
5,440
4,585
788
53
112
545
1,650
1,245
5,580
2,360
3,900
1,790
1,700
10
565
7,935
3,625
8,000
1,370
257
2,585
1,475
984
3,183
1,876

1,065
350
2,140
1,785
2,130
65
18
380
878
2,575
1,690
1,475
3,900
4,390
4,550
690
140
452
90
2,385
4,200
1,186
5,415
4,105
3,680
879
60
97
470
1,451
1,280
4,375
2,155
3,275
1,840
3,485
8
468
5,120
3,103
7,550
1,410
273
2,190
1,339
816
3,577
1,600

1,318
260
2,700
1,890
2,400
67
8
492
1,013
2,400
1,100
973
3,500
5,465
3,312
820
160
240
76
1,700
3,140
1,459
6,662
4,500
4,280
767
45
68
580
1,674
682
4,990
1,653
6,100
1,700
1,750
6
350
7,816
1,930
13,400
1,130
233
1,705
1,385
720
3,467
1,900

264
40
210
192
460
9
4
60
198
375
324
207
1,000
800
635
81
25
74
17
395
1,150
210
873
1,463
1,070
209
8
8
133
285
282
1,806
363
550
210
410
1
120
2,140
742
896
266
57
730
250
214
1,135
394

144
35
160
202
290
12
4
21
82
320
325
198
684
600
600
57
27
60
13
350
740
78
625
760
863
202
12
10
105
326
120
609
356
400
180
520
3
65
1,150
425
885
185
38
268
240
136
1,308
220

150
36
530
250
520
8
1
66
145
300
210
93
640
1,100
186
100
27
52
12
320
535
196
900
1,025
1,010
90
6
5
125
283
79
1,260
165
1,600
150
500
1
55
1,930
195
4,906
215
60
226
208
92
790
240

105,205

96,555

103,986

21,345

15,013

21,593

6

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Crop and State

Citrus Fruits: Utilized Production by Crop, State, and United States,
2005-06, 2006-07 and Forecasted May 1, 2008 1
Utilized Production
Utilized Production
Boxes
Ton Equivalent
2005-06
1,000 Boxes

Oranges
Early, Mid &
Navel 3
AZ 4
CA 4
FL 5
TX 4
US
Valencia
AZ 4
CA 4
FL
TX 4
US
All
AZ 4
CA 4
FL
TX 4
US
Temples 5
FL
Grapefruit
White
FL
Colored
FL
All
AZ 4
CA 4
FL
TX 4
US
Tangerines
AZ 4 6
CA 4 6
FL
US
Lemons 4
AZ
CA
US
Tangelos
FL
1
2
3
4
5
6

2006-07
2

1,000 Boxes

2007-08
2

1,000 Boxes

2

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

1,000 Tons

1,000 Tons

1,000 Tons

250
47,000
75,000
1,400
123,650

200
34,500
65,600
1,600
101,900

250
49,500
83,500
1,400
134,650

9
1,763
3,375
60
5,207

8
1,294
2,952
68
4,322

9
1,856
3,758
60
5,683

200
14,000
72,700
200
87,100

100
11,500
63,400
380
75,380

100
16,000
85,000
388
101,488

8
525
3,272
9
3,814

4
431
2,853
16
3,304

4
600
3,825
16
4,445

450
61,000
147,700
1,600
210,750

300
46,000
129,000
1,980
177,280

350
65,500
168,500
1,788
236,138

17
2,288
6,647
69
9,021

12
1,725
5,805
84
7,626

13
2,456
7,583
76
10,128

700

32

6,500

9,300

9,000

276

395

383

12,800

17,900

17,300

544

761

735

100
6,000
19,300
5,200
30,600

100
5,500
27,200
7,100
39,900

150
5,000
26,300
6,400
37,850

3
201
820
208
1,232

3
184
1,156
284
1,627

5
168
1,118
256
1,547

550
3,600
5,500
9,650

300
3,500
4,600
8,400

400
5,100
5,300
10,800

21
135
261
417

11
131
219
361

15
191
252
458

3,800
22,000
25,800

2,500
18,500
21,000

1,500
17,000
18,500

144
836
980

95
703
798

57
646
703

1,400

1,250

1,500

63

56

68

The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year.
Net lbs. per box: oranges-AZ & CA-75, FL-90, TX-85; grapefruit-AZ & CA-67, FL-85, TX-80; lemons-76; tangelos-90; Temples-90;
tangerines-AZ & CA-75, FL-95.
Navel and miscellaneous varieties in AZ and CA. Early (including navel) and midseason varieties in FL and TX. Small quantities of
tangerines in TX.
Estimates for current year carried forward from previous forecast.
Temples included in early and midseason orange varieties beginning with 2006-07 season.
Includes tangelos and tangors.

Crop Production
May 2008

7

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Spring Potatoes: Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production
by State and United States, 2006-2008
Area
Yield
Planted
Harvested

State

Production

2007

2008

2007

2008

2007

2008

2006

2007

2008

1,000 Acres

1,000 Acres

1,000 Acres

1,000 Acres

Cwt

Cwt

1,000 Cwt

1,000 Cwt

1,000 Cwt

AZ
CA
FL 1
Hastings
Other FL
NC
TX 2

4.0
15.5
27.8
16.5
11.3
16.0
9.5

3.5
14.3
28.5
17.3
11.2
14.5
8.4

4.0
15.5
27.2
16.2
11.0
14.5
9.0

3.5
14.3
27.9
17.0
10.9
14.0
8.0

280
395
287
285
290
186
230

300
420
288
290
285
200
210

1,170
6,044
6,441
4,731
1,710
3,255
2,856

1,120
6,123
7,807
4,617
3,190
2,700
2,070

1,050
6,006
8,037
4,930
3,107
2,800
1,680

Total 2

72.8

69.2

70.2

67.7

282

289

19,766

19,820

19,573

1
2

Winter potatoes combined with spring potatoes in 2007.
2007 revised.

Crop Production
May 2008

8

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

State

Tobacco: Area Harvested, Yield, Production, Price, and Value
by State and United States, 2006-2007 1
Area Harvested
Yield
2006

2007

2006

2007

2006

2007

Acres

Acres

Pounds

Pounds

1,000 Pounds

1,000 Pounds

CT
FL 2
GA
KY
MA
MO
NC
OH
PA
SC
TN
VA

2,500
1,100
17,000
83,000
1,150
1,500
158,900
3,500
7,900
23,000
19,800
19,650

US

339,000

2,900

1,699

18,500
89,200
1,320
1,600
170,000
3,500
7,900
20,500
19,980
20,600

1,549
2,600
1,770
2,250
1,558
2,250
2,080
2,000
2,056
2,100
2,482
2,408

356,000

2,146

2,191

2,150
2,136
1,675
2,330
2,255
2,050
2,177
2,250
1,934
2,240

Price
per Pound

CT 3
FL 2
GA
KY
MA 3
MO
NC
OH
PA 4
SC
TN
VA
CT & MA 5
US 4 6
1
2
3
4
5
6

Production

3,873
2,860
30,090
186,780
1,792
3,375
330,580
7,000
16,240
48,300
49,135
47,322

39,775
190,560
2,211
3,728
383,420
7,175
17,200
46,125
38,636
46,142

727,347

779,899

4,927

Value of
Production

2006

2007

2006

2007

Dollars

Dollars

1,000 Dollars

1,000 Dollars

6.500
1.510
1.440
1.772
6.750
1.600
1.502
1.580
1.615
1.490
1.893
1.526
21.700

6.400

1.665

1.686

1.530
1.741
6.900
1.600
1.531
1.570
1.650
1.500
1.962
1.543

18,876
4,319
43,330
330,941
10,328
5,400
496,599
11,060
26,223
71,967
93,009
72,214
26,712
1,210,978

22,253
60,856
331,792
13,283
5,965
587,029
11,265
24,569
69,188
75,823
71,206
1,310,900

2007 revised.
Estimates discontinued in 2007.
Price and value includes CT Valley Broadleaf only. CT Valley Shade-grown is not included in State totals to avoid disclosure of
individual operations.
Price and value for 2007 exclude Southern MD Belt tobacco to avoid disclosure of individual operations.
Includes CT Valley Shade-grown only. CT and MA combined to avoid disclosure of individual operations. Price and value not
available for 2007.
Includes estimated 2007 value of production for CT and MA, CT Valley Shade-grown. Used 2006 CT and MA, CT Valley Shadegrown price to compute the 2007 value of production.

Crop Production
May 2008

9

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Class and Type

Class 1, Flue-cured
FL 2
GA
NC
SC
VA
US
Class 2, Fire-cured
KY
TN
VA
US
Class 3, Air-cured
Light Air-cured
Burley
KY
MO
NC
OH
PA
TN
VA
US
Southern MD Belt
PA
Total Light Air-cured
Class 3, Air-cured
Dark Air-cured
KY
TN
US
Class 4, Cigar Filler
PA Seedleaf
PA
Class 5, Cigar Binder
CT Valley Binder
CT
MA
US
Class 6, Cigar Wrapper
CT Valley Shade-grown
CT
MA
US
All Cigar Types
All Tobacco

Tobacco: Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class, Type,
State, and United States, 2006-2007 1
Area Harvested
Yield
2006

2007

2006

2007

2006

2007

Acres

Acres

Pounds

Pounds

1,000 Pounds

1,000 Pounds

1,100
17,000
155,000
23,000
17,000
213,100

18,500
166,000
20,500
18,000
223,000

2,600
1,770
2,090
2,100
2,470
2,098

2,150
2,270
2,250
2,280
2,259

2,860
30,090
323,950
48,300
41,990
447,190

39,775
376,820
46,125
41,040
503,760

6,200
5,300
350
11,850

8,000
6,200
400
14,600

3,500
3,200
2,090
3,324

3,100
2,600
1,920
2,855

21,700
16,960
732
39,392

24,800
16,120
768
41,688

73,000
1,500
3,900
3,500
5,500
14,000
2,300
103,700

77,000
1,600
4,000
3,500
5,000
13,000
2,200
106,300

2,100
2,250
1,700
2,000
2,100
2,200
2,000
2,095

2,000
2,330
1,650
2,050
2,150
1,600
1,970
1,951

153,300
3,375
6,630
7,000
11,550
30,800
4,600
217,255

154,000
3,728
6,600
7,175
10,750
20,800
4,334
207,387

1,100
104,800

1,100
107,400

1,900
2,093

2,100
1,952

2,090
219,345

2,310
209,697

3,800
500
4,300

4,200
780
4,980

3,100
2,750
3,059

2,800
2,200
2,706

11,780
1,375
13,155

11,760
1,716
13,476

1,300

1,800

2,000

2,300

2,600

4,140

1,650
950
2,600

1,900
1,100
3,000

1,760
1,610
1,705

1,830
1,750
1,801

2,904
1,530
4,434

3,477
1,925
5,402

850
200
1,050
4,950

1,000
220
1,220
6,020

1,140
1,310
1,172
1,670

1,450
1,300
1,423
1,873

969
262
1,231
8,265

1,450
286
1,736
11,278

339,000

356,000

2,146

2,191

727,347

See footnote(s) at end of table.

Crop Production
May 2008

Production

779,899
--continued

10

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Class and Type

Class 1, Flue-cured
FL 2
GA
NC
SC
VA
US
Class 2, Fire-cured
KY
TN
VA
US
Class 3, Air-cured
Light Air-cured
Burley
KY
MO
NC
OH
PA
TN
VA
US
Southern MD Belt
PA 3
Total Light Air-cured 3
Class 3, Air-cured
Dark Air-cured
KY
TN
US
Class 4, Cigar Filler
PA Seedleaf
PA
Class 5, Cigar Binder
CT Valley Binder
CT
MA
US
Class 6, Cigar Wrapper
CT Valley Shade-grown
CT 4
MA 4
US 4
All Cigar Types 5
All Tobacco 6
1
2
3
4
5
6

Tobacco: Price and Value by Class, Type, State,
and United States, 2006-2007 1 (continued)
Price per
Pound

Value of
Production

2006

2007

2006

2007

Dollars

Dollars

1,000 Dollars

1,000 Dollars

1.510
1.440
1.500
1.490
1.510
1.496

1.530
1.530
1.500
1.530
1.527

4,319
43,330
485,925
71,967
63,405
668,946

60,856
576,535
69,188
62,791
769,370

2.400
2.400
1.980
2.392

2.400
2.420
2.040
2.401

52,080
40,704
1,449
94,233

59,520
39,010
1,567
100,097

1.650
1.600
1.610
1.580
1.650
1.600
1.600
1.638

1.600
1.600
1.590
1.570
1.650
1.590
1.580
1.600

252,945
5,400
10,674
11,060
19,058
49,280
7,360
355,777

246,400
5,965
10,494
11,265
17,738
33,072
6,848
331,782

1.500
1.636

3,135
358,912

2.200
2.200
2.200

2.200
2.180
2.197

25,916
3,025
28,941

25,872
3,741
29,613

1.550

1.650

4,030

6,831

6.500
6.750
6.586

6.400
6.900
6.578

18,876
10,328
29,204

22,253
13,283
35,536

21.700
7.253

4.440

26,712
59,946

42,367

1.665

1.686

1,210,978

1,310,900

2007 revised.
Estimates discontinued in 2007.
Price and value for 2007 not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations.
CT and MA, CT Valley Shade-grown price and value for 2006 combined to avoid disclosure of individual operations. Price and value
not available for 2007.
The 2007 price and value exclude CT Valley Shade-grown.
Includes estimated 2007 value of production for CT and MA, CT Valley Shade-grown. Used 2006 CT and MA, CT Valley Shade-grown
price to compute the 2007 value production. Excludes Southern MD belt tobacco.

Crop Production
May 2008

11

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Papayas: Area and Fresh Production by Month, Hawaii, 2007-2008
Area
Month

Feb
Mar
1

Total in Crop
2007

2008

2007

2008

Acres

Acres

Acres

Acres

1,930
2,080

3

1,160
1,295

2008

1,000 Pounds

1,000 Pounds

1,430
1,425

2,015
2,345

Bananas, Guavas, Papayas, and Taro: Area Harvested, Yield,
and Production, Hawaii, 2006-2007 1
Area Harvested
Yield
2006

2007

Acres

Bananas 2
Guavas 2
Papayas 2
Taro 3
2

2,040
2,020

2007

2,695
2,505

Utilized fresh production.

Crop

1

Harvested

Fresh Production 1

2006

Acres

1,000
365
1,530
380

2007

1,000 Pounds

870
85
1,310
370

20.0
20.3
18.8

1,000 Pounds

22.6
16.5
25.5

Production
2006

2007

1,000 Pounds

1,000 Pounds

20,000
7,400
28,700
4,500

19,700
1,400
33,400
4,000

2007 revised.
Only utilized production is estimated.
Area is total acres in crop, not harvested acres. Yield is not estimated.

Crop Production
May 2008

12

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

State

Peaches: Total Production by Crop, California,
2006-2007 and Forecasted May 1, 2008
Total Production
2006

2007

2008

Tons

Tons

Tons

Freestone

353,000

430,000

430,000

Clingstone 1

359,000

503,000

400,000

Total

712,000

933,000

830,000

1

CA Clingstone is over-the-scale tonnage and includes culls and cannery diversions.

State

Almonds (shelled basis): Utilized Production,
California, 2006-2007 and Forecasted May 1, 2008
Utilized Production
2006

2007

1,000 Pounds

CA
1

1

2008

1,000 Pounds

1,120,000

1,000 Pounds

1,380,000

1,460,000

Revised.

Crop Production
May 2008

13

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Type
and
State

Cotton: Area Planted and Harvested and Yield
by Type, State, and United States, 2006-2007
Area
Area
Planted
Harvested
2006

2007

1,000 Acres

1

2006

1,000 Acres

2007

1,000 Acres

1

1,000 Acres

Yield
2006

2007 1

Pounds

Pounds

Upland
AL
AZ
AR
CA
FL
GA
KS
LA
MS
MO
NM
NC
OK
SC
TN
TX
VA

575.0
190.0
1,170.0
285.0
103.0
1,400.0
115.0
635.0
1,230.0
500.0
50.0
870.0
320.0
300.0
700.0
6,400.0
105.0

400.0
170.0
860.0
195.0
85.0
1,030.0
47.0
335.0
660.0
380.0
43.0
500.0
175.0
180.0
515.0
4,900.0
60.0

560.0
188.0
1,160.0
283.0
101.0
1,370.0
110.0
630.0
1,220.0
496.0
48.0
865.0
180.0
298.0
695.0
4,100.0
104.0

385.0
168.0
850.0
194.0
81.0
995.0
43.0
330.0
655.0
379.0
39.0
490.0
165.0
158.0
510.0
4,700.0
59.0

579
1,420
1,045
1,321
789
818
511
946
829
953
930
713
541
697
945
679
717

519
1,469
1,071
1,608
687
801
639
1,017
966
968
1,095
767
817
486
565
843
829

US

14,948.0

10,535.0

12,408.0

10,201.0

806

864

7.0
275.0
13.0
31.0

2.5
260.0
4.7
25.0

7.0
274.0
12.5
30.0

2.5
257.0
4.6
24.0

919
1,204
768
720

883
1,481
856
920

326.0

292.2

323.5

288.1

1,136

1,419

575.0
197.0
1,170.0
560.0
103.0
1,400.0
115.0
635.0
1,230.0
500.0
63.0
870.0
320.0
300.0
700.0
6,431.0
105.0

400.0
172.5
860.0
455.0
85.0
1,030.0
47.0
335.0
660.0
380.0
47.7
500.0
175.0
180.0
515.0
4,925.0
60.0

560.0
195.0
1,160.0
557.0
101.0
1,370.0
110.0
630.0
1,220.0
496.0
60.5
865.0
180.0
298.0
695.0
4,130.0
104.0

385.0
170.5
850.0
451.0
81.0
995.0
43.0
330.0
655.0
379.0
43.6
490.0
165.0
158.0
510.0
4,724.0
59.0

579
1,402
1,045
1,263
789
818
511
946
829
953
897
713
541
697
945
679
717

519
1,460
1,071
1,536
687
801
639
1,017
966
968
1,070
767
817
486
565
843
829

15,274.0

10,827.2

12,731.5

10,489.1

814

879

Amer-Pima
AZ
CA
NM
TX
US
All
AL
AZ
AR
CA
FL
GA
KS
LA
MS
MO
NM
NC
OK
SC
TN
TX
VA
US
1

Revised.

Crop Production
May 2008

14

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Type
and
State

Cotton: Production and Bales Ginned by Type,
State, and United States, 2006-2007
LintProduction in
seed
480-lb Net Weight
Ratio 2
Bales 1
2006

2007 4

1,000 Bales

1,000 Bales

2006

2007

Bales Ginned in
480-lb Net Weight
Bales 3
2006

2007 4

Bales

Bales

Upland
AL
AZ
AR
CA
FL
GA
KS
LA
MS
MO
NM
NC
OK
SC
TN
TX
VA

675.0
556.0
2,525.0
779.0
166.0
2,334.0
117.0
1,241.0
2,107.0
985.0
93.0
1,285.0
203.0
433.0
1,368.0
5,800.0
155.4

416.0
514.0
1,896.0
650.0
116.0
1,660.0
57.2
699.0
1,318.0
764.0
89.0
783.0
281.0
160.0
600.0
8,250.0
101.9

691,600
530,700
2,475,450
804,650
153,250
2,358,150
119,450
1,278,750
2,079,750
1,015,450
39,950
1,306,600
187,400
416,250
1,346,400
5,862,350
145,300

409,900
491,900
1,849,700
672,650
105,900
1,672,200
53,500
712,200
1,300,650
804,550
51,100
791,500
283,550
152,800
602,100
8,295,200
98,050

US

20,822.4

18,355.1

20,811,450

18,347,450

13.4
687.0
20.0
45.0

4.6
793.0
8.2
46.0

13,800
686,900
22,100
42,550

4,550
792,650
10,500
43,550

765.4

851.8

765,350

851,250

675.0
569.4
2,525.0
1,466.0
166.0
2,334.0
117.0
1,241.0
2,107.0
985.0
113.0
1,285.0
203.0
433.0
1,368.0
5,845.0
155.4

416.0
518.6
1,896.0
1,443.0
116.0
1,660.0
57.2
699.0
1,318.0
764.0
97.2
783.0
281.0
160.0
600.0
8,296.0
101.9

691,600
544,500
2,475,450
1,491,550
153,250
2,358,150
119,450
1,278,750
2,079,750
1,015,450
62,050
1,306,600
187,400
416,250
1,346,400
5,904,900
145,300

409,900
496,450
1,849,700
1,465,300
105,900
1,672,200
53,500
712,200
1,300,650
804,550
61,600
791,500
283,550
152,800
602,100
8,338,750
98,050

21,587.8

19,206.9

21,576,800

19,198,700

Amer-Pima
AZ
CA
NM
TX
US
All
AL
AZ
AR
CA
FL
GA
KS
LA
MS
MO
NM
NC
OK
SC
TN
TX
VA
US
1
2
3
4

0.409
0.397

0.408
0.394

0.430

0.435

0.422
0.413

0.424
0.411

0.424

0.429

0.404

0.410

Production ginned and to be ginned.
Estimates available only for the 7 States shown. Based on a three-year average.
Equivalent 480-lb net weight bales ginned, not adjusted for cross-State movement.
Revised.

Crop Production
May 2008

15

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Cottonseed: Production and Farm Disposition
by State and United States, 2006-2007
Farm Disposition
Production

State

Sales to
Oil Mills

Seed for
Planting 2

Other 1

2006

2007

2006

2007

2006

2007

2006 3

2007

1,000 Tons

1,000 Tons

1,000 Tons

1,000 Tons

1,000 Tons

1,000 Tons

1,000 Tons

1,000 Tons

AL
AZ
AR
CA
FL
GA
KS
LA
MS
MO
NM
NC
OK
SC
TN
TX
VA

230.0
214.2
861.0
532.0
49.3
699.0
45.0
400.0
731.0
359.0
40.0
414.0
71.6
136.8
441.0
2,065.9
58.1

151.0
182.8
671.0
546.0
32.9
487.0
20.0
228.0
467.0
276.0
33.5
244.0
106.5
47.5
203.0
2,860.7
31.8

34.0
0.0
580.0
71.0
39.8
447.0
1.0
256.0
552.0
221.0
0.0
55.0
52.0
67.5
325.0
907.0
0.0

25.5
0.0
508.0
105.0
28.2
262.0
4.0
129.0
408.0
163.0
0.0
61.0
92.4
33.9
156.0
1,659.1
0.0

196.0
214.2
281.0
461.0
9.5
252.0
44.0
144.0
179.0
138.0
40.0
359.0
19.6
69.3
116.0
1,158.9
58.1

125.5
182.8
163.0
441.0
4.7
225.0
16.0
99.0
59.0
113.0
33.5
183.0
14.1
13.6
47.0
1,201.6
31.8

2.4
1.3
5.6
4.1
0.9
4.6
0.2
2.0
4.3
2.1
0.3
3.0
1.1
0.7
3.3
34.5
0.6

1.8
1.1
4.2
2.5
0.3
5.0
0.2
1.7
2.8
1.7
0.2
2.5
1.1
0.5
3.7
33.1
0.6

US

7,347.9

6,588.7

3,608.3

3,635.1

3,739.6

2,953.1

71.0

63.0

1
2
3

Includes planting seed, feed, exports, inter-farm sales, shrinkage, losses, and other uses.
Included in "other" farm disposition. Seed for planting is produced in crop year shown, but used in the following year.
Revised.

Cotton: Objective Yield Data
The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted objective yield surveys in 7 cotton producing States during
2007. Randomly selected plots in cotton fields were visited monthly from August through harvest to obtain
specific counts and measurements. Data in this table are actual field counts from this survey.

State

2003

Cotton: Harvest Loss per Acre, by State, 2003-2007
2004
2005

Pounds

AR
CA
GA
LA
MS
NC
TX

Crop Production
May 2008

Pounds

105
130
136
108
95
165
58

Pounds

77
125
128
84
77
165
49

16

138
165
139
118
73
189
59

2006

2007

Pounds

Pounds

93
135
183
127
68
184
56

146
131
185
136
103
134
52

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

State

Month

Cotton: Cumulative Boll Counts, Selected States, 2004-2007 1
2003
2004
2005
2006
Number

Number

Number

2007

Number

Number

AR

Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Final

798
755
744
744
744

864
771
753
754
754

811
728
733
733
733

859
814
849
824
824

790
839
849
849
849

CA

Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Final

973
945
893
893
893

954
952
945
948
948

993
926
1,002
1,011
1,011

911
869
926
933
933

1,084
1,115
1,139
1,144
1,144

GA

Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Final

559
646
643
665
665

646
690
686
687
687

667
689
767
767
767

648
675
774
790
790

616
570
707
708
708

LA

Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Final

681
778
775
775
775

635
707
691
691
691

746
768
775
775
775

760
781
786
785
785

796
808
841
841
841

MS

Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Final

837
824
811
808
808

808
789
780
780
780

818
729
724
722
722

700
699
695
695
695

819
745
747
747
747

NC

Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Final

628
630
632
632
632

758
719
732
733
733

799
693
721
721
721

637
641
671
671
671

527
601
625
625
625

TX

Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Final

465
431
429
435
435

639
672
593
624
624

620
516
586
585
585

530
477
533
544
544

602
538
631
632
632

1

Includes small bolls (less than one inch in diameter), large unopened bolls (at least one inch in diameter), open bolls, partially opened
bolls, and burrs per 40 feet of row. November, December, and Final exclude small bolls.

Crop Production
May 2008

17

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Crop

Crop Summary: Area Planted and Harvested, United States, 2007-2008
(Domestic Units) 1
Area Planted

Grains & Hay
Barley
Corn for Grain 2
Corn for Silage
Hay, All
Alfalfa
All Other
Oats
Proso Millet
Rice
Rye
Sorghum for Grain 2
Sorghum for Silage
Wheat, All
Winter
Durum
Other Spring
Oilseeds
Canola
Cottonseed 3
Flaxseed
Mustard Seed
Peanuts
Rapeseed
Safflower
Soybeans for Beans
Sunflower
Cotton, Tobacco & Sugar Crops
Cotton, All
Upland
Amer-Pima
Sugarbeets
Sugarcane
Tobacco
Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils
Austrian Winter Peas
Dry Edible Beans
Dry Edible Peas
Lentils
Wrinkled Seed Peas 3
Potatoes & Misc.
Coffee (HI)
Ginger Root (HI)
Hops
Peppermint Oil
Potatoes, All
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Spearmint Oil
Sweet Potatoes
Taro (HI) 4
1
2
3
4

Area Harvested

2007

2008

2007

2008

1,000 Acres

1,000 Acres

1,000 Acres

1,000 Acres

4,020.0
93,600.0

4,147.0
86,014.0

3,760.0
570.0
2,761.0
1,376.0
7,718.0

3,420.0

60,433.0
44,987.0
2,149.0
13,297.0

63,803.0
46,840.0
2,630.0
14,333.0

3,508.0
86,542.0
6,071.0
61,625.0
21,670.0
39,955.0
1,505.0
515.0
2,748.0
289.0
6,805.0
399.0
51,011.0
35,952.0
2,112.0
12,947.0

1,183.0

1,010.0

1,163.0

354.0
56.0
1,230.0
1.5
180.0
63,631.0
2,068.0

360.0

74,793.0
2,153.0

349.0
52.8
1,195.0
1.0
172.0
62,820.0
2,009.5

10,827.2
10,535.0
292.2
1,269.8

9,389.6
9,186.0
203.6
1,131.8

29.0
1,526.9
847.5
303.0

1,148.8
11.5
72.8
53.7
1,010.6
100.6

2,770.0
7,415.0

1,430.0

10,489.1
10,201.0
288.1
1,246.9
883.5
356.0

25.5
1,398.5
820.0
277.0

11.0
1,478.7
811.3
295.0

11.0
69.2

6.4
0.1
30.9
73.3
1,129.9
11.5
70.2
51.3
996.7
19.6
97.5
0.4

103.8

60,583.0

40,162.0

350.9

11.0
67.7

Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the
full 2008 crop year.
Area planted for all purposes.
Acreage is not estimated.
Area is total acres in crop, not harvested acreage.

Crop Production
May 2008

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Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Crop

Crop Summary: Yield and Production, United States, 2007-2008
(Domestic Units) 1
Yield
Units
2007
2008

Production
2007

2008

1,000

1,000

Grains & Hay
Barley
Corn for Grain
Corn for Silage
Hay, All
Alfalfa
All Other
Oats
Proso Millet
Rice 2
Rye
Sorghum for Grain
Sorghum for Silage
Wheat, All
Winter
Durum
Other Spring

Bu
"
Tons
"
"
"
Bu
"
Cwt
Bu
"
Tons
Bu
"
"
"

60.4
151.1
17.5
2.44
3.35
1.95
60.9
32.3
7,185
27.4
74.2
15.6
40.5
42.2
33.9
37.0

Oilseeds
Canola
Cottonseed 3
Flaxseed
Mustard Seed
Peanuts
Rapeseed
Safflower
Soybeans for Beans
Sunflower

Lbs
Tons
Bu
Lbs
"
"
"
Bu
Lbs

1,250
16.9
603
3,130
1,300
1,215
41.2
1,437

1,453,830
6,588.7
5,904
31,826
3,740,650
1,300
208,995
2,585,207
2,888,555

Cotton, Tobacco & Sugar Crops
Cotton, All 2
Upland 2
Amer-Pima 2
Sugarbeets
Sugarcane
Tobacco

Bales
"
"
Tons
"
Lbs

879
864
1,419
25.6
34.9
2,191

19,206.9
18,355.1
851.8
31,912
30,837
779,899

Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils
Austrian Winter Peas 2
Dry Edible Beans 2
Dry Edible Peas 2
Lentils 2
Wrinkled Seed Peas 3

Cwt
"
"
"
"

1,155
1,716
1,960
1,155

127
25,371
15,903
3,408
541

Potatoes & Misc.
Coffee (HI)
Ginger Root (HI)
Hops
Peppermint Oil
Potatoes, All
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Spearmint Oil
Sweet Potatoes
Taro (HI) 3

Lbs
"
"
"
Cwt
"
"
"
"
Lbs
Cwt
Lbs

1,170
35,000
1,949
93
398
215
282
332
410
121
189

7,500
2,800
60,253.1
6,794
449,281
2,473
19,820
17,032
409,082
2,379
18,452
4,000

1
2
3

44.3

240
289

211,825
13,073,893
106,328
150,304
72,575
77,729
91,599
16,615
197,456
7,914
504,993
6,206
2,066,722
1,515,989
71,686
479,047

1,777,532

2,640
19,573

Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the
full 2008 crop year.
Yield in pounds.
Yield is not estimated.

Crop Production
May 2008

19

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Crop

Fruits and Nuts Production, United States, 2006-2008
(Domestic Units) 1
Production
Units
2006
2007
1,000

2008

1,000

1,000

2

Citrus
Grapefruit
Lemons
Oranges 3
Tangelos (FL)
Tangerines
Temples (FL) 3

Tons
"
"
"
"
"

Noncitrus
Apples
Apricots
Bananas (HI)
Grapes
Olives (CA)
Papayas (HI)
Peaches
Pears
Prunes, Dried (CA)
Prunes & Plums (Ex CA)

1,000 Lbs
Tons
Lbs
Tons
"
Lbs
Tons
"
"
"

Nuts & Misc.
Almonds (CA) (shelled)
Hazelnuts (OR) (in-shell)
Pecans (in-shell)
Walnuts (CA) (in-shell)
Maple Syrup

Lbs
Tons
Lbs
Tons
Gals

1
2
3

1,232
980
9,021
63
417
32

1,627
798
7,626
56
361

9,851.7
44.5
20,000.0
6,377.2
23.5
28,700.0
1,010.1
842.0
198.0
21.5

9,342.6
88.3
19,700.0
6,729.7
132.5
33,400.0
1,112.7
881.0
81.0
11.9

1,120,000
43.0
206,300
346.0
1,449

1,380,000
36.0
349,155
320.0
1,258

1,547
703
10,128
68
458

1,460,000

Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the
full 2008 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2007-08 season.
Production years are 2005-06, 2006-07, and 2007-08.
Temples included in oranges beginning with the 2006-07 season.

Crop Production
May 2008

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Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Crop Summary: Area Planted and Harvested, United States, 2007-2008
(Metric Units) 1
Crop

Grains & Hay
Barley
Corn for Grain 2
Corn for Silage
Hay, All 3
Alfalfa
All Other
Oats
Proso Millet
Rice
Rye
Sorghum for Grain 2
Sorghum for Silage
Wheat, All 3
Winter
Durum
Other Spring
Oilseeds
Canola
Cottonseed 4
Flaxseed
Mustard Seed
Peanuts
Rapeseed
Safflower
Soybeans for Beans
Sunflower
Cotton, Tobacco & Sugar Crops
Cotton, All 3
Upland
Amer-Pima
Sugarbeets
Sugarcane
Tobacco
Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils
Austrian Winter Peas
Dry Edible Beans
Dry Edible Peas
Lentils
Wrinkled Seed Peas 4
Potatoes & Misc.
Coffee (HI)
Ginger Root (HI)
Hops
Peppermint Oil
Potatoes, All 3
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Spearmint Oil
Sweet Potatoes
Taro (HI) 5
1

2
3
4
5

Area Planted

Area Harvested

2007

2008

2007

2008

Hectares

Hectares

Hectares

Hectares

1,521,630
230,670
1,117,350
556,850
3,123,400

1,384,040

24,456,630
18,205,790
869,680
5,381,160

25,820,440
18,955,680
1,064,330
5,800,420

1,419,650
35,022,680
2,456,870
24,939,020
8,769,630
16,169,390
609,060
208,420
1,112,090
116,960
2,753,920
161,470
20,643,640
14,549,410
854,710
5,239,520

478,750

408,740

470,650

143,260
22,660
497,770
610
72,840
25,750,830
836,900

145,690

30,267,980
871,300

141,240
21,370
483,600
400
69,610
25,422,630
813,220

4,381,660
4,263,410
118,250
513,880

3,799,880
3,717,480
82,390
458,030

1,626,850
37,878,980

11,740
617,920
342,970
122,620

464,910
4,650
29,460
21,730
408,980
40,710

1,678,250
34,809,010

1,120,990
3,000,780

578,710

4,244,830
4,128,240
116,590
504,610
357,540
144,070

10,320
565,960
331,850
112,100

4,450
598,420
328,320
119,380

4,450
28,000

2,590
30
12,510
29,660
457,260
4,650
28,410
20,760
403,350
7,930
39,460
150

42,010

24,517,330

16,253,160

142,010

4,450
27,400

Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2008 crop
year.
Area planted for all purposes.
Total may not add due to rounding.
Acreage is not estimated.
Area is total hectares in crop, not harvested hectares.

Crop Production
May 2008

21

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Crop

Grains & Hay
Barley
Corn for Grain
Corn for Silage
Hay, All 2
Alfalfa
All Other
Oats
Proso Millet
Rice
Rye
Sorghum for Grain
Sorghum for Silage
Wheat, All 2
Winter
Durum
Other Spring

Crop Summary: Yield and Production, United States, 2007-2008
(Metric Units) 1
Yield
2007

2008

2007

2008

Metric Tons

Metric Tons

Metric Tons

Metric Tons

3.25
9.48
39.26
5.47
7.51
4.36
2.18
1.81
8.05
1.72
4.66
34.87
2.72
2.84
2.28
2.49

Oilseeds
Canola
Cottonseed 3
Flaxseed
Mustard Seed
Peanuts
Rapeseed
Safflower
Soybeans for Beans
Sunflower
Cotton, Tobacco & Sugar Crops
Cotton, All 2
Upland
Amer-Pima
Sugarbeets
Sugarcane
Tobacco

1
2
3

2.98

1.40

4,611,940
332,092,180
96,459,140
136,353,500
65,838,930
70,514,560
1,329,560
376,820
8,956,450
201,020
12,827,410
5,629,990
56,246,960
41,258,460
1,950,970
13,037,520

1.06
0.68
3.51
1.46
1.36
2.77
1.61

659,450
5,977,170
149,970
14,440
1,696,730
590
94,800
70,357,800
1,310,230

0.99
0.97
1.59
57.37
78.24
2.46

4,181,810
3,996,350
185,460
28,950,080
27,974,860
353,760

1.29
1.92
2.20
1.29

5,760
1,150,810
721,350
154,580
24,540

1.31
39.23
2.18
0.10
44.57
24.10
31.65
37.21
46.00
0.14
21.21

3,400
1,270
27,330
3,080
20,379,040
112,170
899,020
772,560
18,555,650
1,080
836,970
1,810

Dry Beans, Peas & Lentils
Austrian Winter Peas
Dry Edible Beans
Dry Edible Peas
Lentils
Wrinkled Seed Peas 3
Potatoes & Misc.
Coffee (HI)
Ginger Root (HI)
Hops
Peppermint Oil
Potatoes, All 2
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
Spearmint Oil
Sweet Potatoes
Taro (HI) 3

Production

26.90
32.40

48,376,490

119,750
887,820

Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the
full 2008 crop year.
Production may not add due to rounding.
Yield is not estimated.

Crop Production
May 2008

22

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Crop

Fruits and Nuts Production, United States, 2006-2008
(Metric Units) 1
Production
2006

2007

2008

Metric tons

Metric tons

Metric tons

Citrus 2
Grapefruit
Lemons
Oranges 3
Tangelos (FL)
Tangerines
Temples (FL) 3

1,117,650
889,040
8,183,710
57,150
378,300
29,030

1,475,990
723,930
6,918,190
50,800
327,490

Noncitrus
Apples
Apricots
Bananas (HI)
Grapes
Olives (CA)
Papayas (HI)
Peaches
Pears
Prunes, Dried (CA)
Prunes & Plums (Ex CA)

4,468,660
40,350
9,070
5,785,250
21,320
13,020
916,370
763,880
179,620
19,500

4,237,730
80,070
8,940
6,105,080
120,200
15,150
1,009,460
799,180
73,480
10,800

Nuts & Misc.
Almonds (CA) (shelled)
Hazelnuts (OR) (in-shell)
Pecans (in-shell)
Walnuts (CA) (in-shell)
Maple Syrup

508,020
39,010
93,580
313,890
7,240

625,960
32,660
158,370
290,300
6,290

1
2
3

1,403,410
637,750
9,187,970
61,690
415,490

662,240

Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the
full 2008 crop year, except citrus which is for the 2007-08 season.
Production years are 2005-06, 2006-07, and 2007-08.
Temples included in oranges beginning with the 2006-07 season.

Crop Production
May 2008

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Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Crop Production
May 2008

24

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

April Weather Summary
Despite a favorable turn toward drier weather in the eastern Corn Belt, national corn planting through May 4 (27
percent) progressed at the slowest pace since 1995 (16 percent). Interestingly, a rapid corn planting pace is a relatively
new phenomenon. For example, the 1974-1995 average corn planting pace by May 4 was 25 percent, while the 19962007 average pace was 51 percent. The 5-year average (2003-2007) corn planting pace by May 4 was 59 percent.
During April, wet conditions persisted or intensified in most areas from the eastern Plains to the Mississippi Valley,
accompanied by near- to below-normal temperatures. As a result, summer crop planting and emergence significantly
lagged the 5-year average pace from the Mid-South into the upper Midwest. In contrast, warm, mostly dry weather
prevailed from the lower Great Lakes region into the Northeast. Drier-than-normal conditions also affected parts of the
Deep South, particularly across Louisiana. Elsewhere, drier-than-normal weather promoted fieldwork in most areas
from the High Plains westward. However, unusually cold weather gripped the Northwest, hampering crop development
and threatening fruits and other temperature-sensitive crops. At the height of the cold snap, from April 19-21, frost was
noted as far south as central California.
Monthly temperatures averaged at least 5 degrees F below normal across much of the interior Northwest, but ranged
from 5 to 7 degrees F above normal in parts of New York State and neighboring areas. Near-normal readings prevailed
across the Deep South.
April Agricultural Summary
The Corn Belt remained mostly wet throughout the month of April, keeping the corn-planting pace well behind normal
in nearly all producing States. In the Corn Belt, south and west of Lake Michigan; and in the northern Delta, Kentucky,
and Tennessee; 150 to 200 percent more precipitation than usual fell in most areas; and up to 300 percent more than
usual fell in isolated areas of Arkansas, Iowa, and Missouri. Cooler than average temperatures persisted throughout the
month, from the middle Mississippi Valley, westward, as well as in the northern Delta. Growers had planted only
2 percent of the Nation’s corn crop by April 13, and by month’s end, only 10 percent of the intended acreage was
planted, 10 points behind last year’s progress and 25 points behind the normal pace.
Nationally, as sorghum planting was yet to gain momentum in most areas, producers had seeded nearly 30 percent of
the intended acreage by the end of the month. With most activity limited to Louisiana and Texas, intended acreage
planted was 20 percent complete by April 6, slightly behind last year but 3 points ahead of the usual pace. Planting
progress in the Delta and southern Great Plains, early in the month, was only ahead of last year and normal in Texas.
Planting was limited to these areas throughout the month, as Colorado producers awaited warmer temperatures to start
planting. By month’s end, Louisiana producers had planted 74 percent of their acreage, and Texas producers had
planted 65 percent of their acreage, 15 and 11 points ahead of the 5-year average planting pace, respectively. However,
planting progress was at or behind normal elsewhere, with the most notable delays in Arkansas and Missouri.
Early in the month, with 31 percent of the expected oat acreage planted, producers were planting at the same pace as
last year but were 4 points behind the 5-year average pace. As the month progressed, several consecutive weeks of
rainfall and wet snow in some areas brought further planting delays to most oat-producing States. By month’s end,
North Dakota and Pennsylvania producers were fortunate to be 6 and 18 points ahead of normal, respectively.
However, nationally, planting was 54 percent complete, only 2 points behind last year but 14 points behind normal.
Compared with the average pace, progress lagged nearly 40 points or more in the northern Corn Belt. Delays in oat
emergence followed the lag in seeding. By month’s end, emergence was behind in all States that plant in the spring.
Even though planting progress was ahead of schedule in North Dakota and Pennsylvania, crop emergence lagged
behind normal due to cool temperatures during the month. Nationally, one third of the expected acreage had emerged
by April 27, one point behind last year and 9 points behind normal.
Barley producers planted 7 percent of their intended acreage by April 6, five and 2 points behind last year and normal,
respectively. Temperatures across the northern tier of the country were cooler than average during April, especially in
the Pacific Northwest, keeping planting progress in Idaho and Washington at a pace much slower than normal. Planting
in Washington advanced only 2 points between April 6 and 20. By the end of the month, barley planting in Minnesota
had fallen well behind normal due to continued wet weather. Nationwide, by April 27, producers had planted 35
percent of the crop compared with 37 percent last year and 39 percent for the 5-year average. Planting in Idaho,
Montana, and Washington was more than 40 percent complete but significantly lagged the pace of last year and normal.
Emergence was delayed due to the planting delays, cooler weather in the west, and wet weather in the upper Mississippi

Crop Production
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25

Agricultural Statistics Board
NASS, USDA

Valley. Emergence of barley acreage was at 6 percent on April 27, seven and 6 points behind last year and normal,
respectively.
Winter wheat developed slowly during the month under cooler than normal conditions in many areas. By April 14,
only 4 percent of the crop had headed. Compared with last year’s pace, development was lagging in all States where
emergence had begun, including Arkansas, California, North Carolina, Oklahoma, and Texas. Compared with the
5-year average, heading lagged in all these States except in California and North Carolina, where development was
7 and 9 points ahead of normal, respectively. By April 27, heading had not begun in the Pacific Northwest, northern
Great Plains, and eastern Corn Belt. Nationally, 15 percent of the crop was at or beyond the heading stage, 9 points
behind last year and 10 points behind the 5-year average. Significant delays were evident in Arkansas, the middle
Mississippi Valley, as well as the central and southern Great Plains. However, the crop continued to develop ahead of
schedule in California and North Carolina. The winter wheat condition rating varied between 45 and 47 percent good
and excellent throughout the month.
By April 6, spring wheat planting was 1 point ahead of last year but 1 point behind average, at 5 percent complete.
Progress in Idaho and Washington was most advanced at 19 and 35 percent, respectively. By the following week,
planting activities were limited, as producers only increased the planting percentage 3 points from the previous week,
with progress falling 4 points behind the 5-year average pace. By April 20, planting advanced to 20 percent, 8 points
ahead of last year but 3 points behind normal. Activity in Idaho, Montana, South Dakota, and Washington gained
momentum advancing 12 points or more during the week. Despite the momentum, all of the States except Montana
remained well behind the average pace. At the end of the month, with 34 percent of the spring wheat crop planted,
spring wheat producers were 6 points ahead of last year but 6 points behind normal. Planting was active in all States
during the last week of April; however, in Minnesota, where the planting pace was 9 points behind last year and
27 points behind normal, only 6 percent of the crop was planted. Following the planting delays, emergence, at
4 percent, was delayed 2 and 8 points when compared with last year and normal, by month’s end. Emergence was
behind normal in all States and progress was over 20 points behind the 5-year average in the Pacific Northwest and
South Dakota.
The rice crop was 11 percent planted, early in the month, 10 and 4 points behind last year and the usual pace,
respectively. Major planting activity was limited to Louisiana and Texas, with progress ahead of last year’s pace and
the 5-year average in both States. Elsewhere, the crop was at or behind the normal planting pace. Missouri, with no
acreage planted, was 5 and 3 points behind last year and the 5-year average, respectively. Throughout the month,
planting activity in Louisiana and Texas maintained momentum, keeping ahead of the previous year and average pace,
while in Arkansas, planting was nearly 2 weeks behind and in Missouri, planting was nearly 3 weeks behind by the end
of the month. The crop slowly emerged, lagging from 2 to 12 points behind normal due to the planting delays in the
northern half of the Delta. Elsewhere, the crop emerged ahead of the 5-year average, with nationwide progress at
20 percent by April 27.
From the northern Great Plains eastward to the Great Lakes, temperatures were cooler than average and precipitation
levels were higher than normal during the month, delaying soybean planting in the north. Soybean planting was most
active in the Delta region by April 27, though still delayed, except in Louisiana. Producers in Louisiana were
21 and 18 points ahead of last year and the 5-year average pace, respectively, while growers in Arkansas and
Mississippi were delayed. Elsewhere, planting was either just getting underway, or had not yet begun. With nearly all
States behind normal, progress for the Nation, at 2 percent, was 1 and 3 points behind last year and normal,
respectively.
Peanut planting was just underway by the end of April with 3 percent planted, in line with the pace of last year but
1 point behind normal. In the Southeast, producers were planting 3 points ahead of last year and normal in Florida and
1 point ahead of last year and normal in North Carolina, but were 1 to 2 points behind elsewhere in the region. In the
southern Great Plains, peanut growers had planted 11 percent of their crop in Oklahoma, 7 points behind normal but
had not yet begun in Texas, compared with the usual 3 percent planted by this time. Planting had also not started in
Virginia.
Early in the month, cotton planting was limited to Arizona, California, and Texas, where producers had planted
between 12 and 25 percent of their intended acreage. As the month progressed, planting began in the Delta and most of
the Southeast with nationwide progress advancing 7 points between April 6 and 20. By April 27, nineteen percent of
the intended cotton acreage was planted, 2 points ahead of last year but 3 points behind the 5-year average. Growers in
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NASS, USDA

California had nearly completed planting, 29 points ahead of average. In the Delta, Louisiana producers remained
ahead of normal throughout the month. By April 27, with 49 percent of their acreage planted, producers in Louisiana
were 32 and 16 points ahead of last year and normal, respectively. Elsewhere in the Delta, delays continued in
Arkansas and Mississippi. Planting progress in Texas, at 21 percent, was 3 points ahead of last year and even with the
5-year average pace, but producers were still delayed in the Southeast States.
Sugarbeet planting progressed from 2 percent planted early in the month to 34 percent planted by month’s end.
Planting advanced slowly in Idaho, well behind the pace of last year and average by April 7, while elsewhere, planting
had not begun. As producers in other States began planting, progress in all major States fell well behind normal by
April 20. However, during the last week of the month, planting rapidly advanced in Idaho and Michigan. By month’s
end, planting in Idaho was nearly complete and planting in Michigan was 85 percent complete, near normal in Idaho
and 10 points ahead of normal in Michigan. Minnesota and North Dakota planting got underway after mid month and
lagged behind normal. As the month continued, producers in these two States fell even farther behind, ending the
month over 27 points behind normal.
Crop Comments
Winter Wheat: Production is forecast at 1.78 billion bushels, up 17 percent from 2007. Based on May 1 conditions,
the U.S. yield is forecast at 44.3 bushels per acre, 2.1 bushels above last year. Expected grain area totals 40.2 million
acres, up 12 percent from last year. Hard Red Winter (HRW) harvested acreage is up about 6 percent from the previous
year. Soft Red Winter (SRW) harvested acreage is estimated to be up 35 percent from last year. The portion of the
winter wheat crop rated good to excellent on April 27, at 46 percent, was 10 percentage points below a year ago.
HRW harvested acreage expectations in the central and southern Great Plains are above last year’s freeze and flood
reduced levels, mainly due to Kansas and Oklahoma acreage which is expected to be up 9 percent and 29 percent,
respectively. Texas and Colorado harvested acreage is expected to be down 11 percent, due to lower planted acreage
and dry conditions. As of April 27, heading was behind normal in Texas and Oklahoma, and significantly behind in
Kansas. The Nebraska wheat crop has come through the winter with minimal acreage loss with the crop condition rated
above last year. As of April 27, Nebraska crop development was about 11 days behind last year and normal due to the
unseasonably cool weather. Crop development in Montana is slightly behind last year with conditions rated mostly fair
to good. After a relatively dry winter, the Colorado crop has retained most of its potential. Moisture received during
the growing season will determine yield prospects because soil moisture supplies are currently limited in most growing
areas. Growers in many States in the SRW area expect yields to be above last year, especially in the Southeast due
mostly to improved moisture conditions. Harvested acreage across the SRW area is up from last year due to an increase
in planted acres, and fewer acres being abandoned and cut for forage compared with last year when drought conditions
and an April freeze reduced harvested area. In the Pacific Northwest, wheat condition is rated mostly fair to good with
soil moisture in mostly adequate supply. A cold spring has significantly delayed crop development.
Durum Wheat: Production of Durum wheat in Arizona and California is forecast at a collective 29.3 million bushels,
up 95 percent from the previous year. In California, heading was complete in most areas of the State as of April 27,
with no quality or disease issues reported.
Hay Stocks on Farms: All hay stored on farms May 1, 2008 totaled 21.6 million tons, up 44 percent from the previous
year. Disappearance of hay from December 1, 2007- May 1, 2008 totaled 82.4 million tons, 1 percent more than the
disappearance of 81.5 million tons for the same period a year earlier.
Hay stocks increased from last year throughout the entire Great Plains, the Delta, most of the Southeast, and the Rocky
Mountain States. Hay stocks increased significantly in Texas and Oklahoma where weather conditions during the 2007
growing season nearly doubled hay production and improved pasture conditions throughout the year.
Lower 2007 hay production in most States east of the Mississippi River, except in the Southeast, held May 1, 2008 hay
stocks below a year ago. The largest declines occurred in Kentucky, Minnesota, Tennessee, and Wisconsin. In
Kentucky and Tennessee where stocks are less than half of the previous year, production was down due to the April
2007 freeze and dry summer weather, so some producers resorted to hauling hay in from other States. Wisconsin’s
May 1 hay stocks are at a record low level while Tennessee recorded the lowest May 1 hay stock level since 1962.
Almonds: The 2008 California almond production is forecast at 1.46 billion pounds, shelled basis, up 6 percent from
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the revised 2007 crop. Bearing acreage, at 660,000 acres, increased 7 percent from the previous year’s acreage. The
average yield is forecast at 2,210 pounds per acre, down 30 pounds per acre from last year’s record high revised yield
and the second highest on record since 1909. Almond set looks very strong. Bloom started earlier than normal this
year and lasted only 10 days, compared to the average of three weeks. However, there was overlapping bloom among
varieties and an adequate supply of bees, resulting in excellent pollination.
Papayas: Hawaii fresh papaya production is estimated at 2.51 million pounds for March 2008, down 7 percent from
February but 7 percent higher than the comparable month a year ago. Total area in crop for March is estimated at
2,020 acres, down 1 percent from February and 3 percent lower than March 2007. Harvested area totaled 1,425 acres,
down slightly from the previous month but 10 percent higher than March 2007. March weather was mostly sunny and
dry with the exception of a few heavy showers. Conditions were beneficial for fruit development and ripening.
Growers made efforts to control aphids in order to limit the spread of papaya ringspot virus.
Hawaii’s revised 2007 annual papaya utilization is 33.4 million pounds, up slightly from the preliminary estimate and
16 percent higher than last year’s utilized production. Harvested area, at 1,310 acres, is 14 percent lower than 2006.
Acres were down due to the clearing of damaged orchards from the previous year’s excessive rains. However, higher
yields more than made up for the fewer acres harvested.
Peaches: California Peaches: The California 2008 peach crop is forecast at 830,000 tons, down 11 percent from 2007
but 17 percent above two years ago.
The California Freestone crop is forecast at 430,000 tons, equal to last year’s estimated production but 22 percent above
the 2006 crop. California experienced an adequate number of chilling hours, which benefited the Freestone crop.
Weather during the bloom period was very accommodating, although cooler spring temperatures have slowed maturity.
The crop is reported to be of excellent quality, with good sizes. April Snow and Snow Angel harvest began in
mid-April.
The California Clingstone crop is forecast at 400,000 tons, down 20 percent from last year but 11 percent above the
2006 crop. Weather during the bloom period was favorable, however the crop suffered extensive frost damage in April.
Growers are still assessing crop damage. Fruit in the northern growing areas was most impacted by frost, while fruit in
the Modesto area suffered moderate damage, and fruit in southern areas was not affected.
Bananas: Hawaii banana production for 2007 is estimated at 19.7 million pounds, down 6 percent from the initial
forecast and 2 percent lower than last year. Statewide, bananas were harvested from 870 acres, 130 fewer acres than
2006. Weather conditions during 2007 were mixed for banana orchards. The crop received adequate moisture from a
combination of rainfall and irrigation. Orchard maintenance and monitoring for banana bunchy top virus were ongoing.
Guavas: Utilized production in Hawaii for 2007 is estimated at 1.40 million pounds, 81 percent lower than utilized
production in 2006. Harvested area totaled 85 acres, 280 acres below the area harvested in 2006. Yield (based on
utilized production) averaged 16,500 pounds per acre, compared with 20,300 pounds in 2006. The decrease in
production and harvested area was due to the closing of a major processing plant in February of 2007.
Taro: Hawaii taro production for the 2007 crop year is estimated at 4.00 million pounds, down 11 percent from the
previous year and a new record low since estimates began in 1946. Area in crop, at 370 acres, was down 10 acres from
2006. Taro fields received heavy winter rains and flooding in 2006 and inadequate moisture in 2007. These mixed
weather conditions, along with pest and disease pressures, adversely affected yield.
Grapefruit: The forecast of the 2007-08 U.S. grapefruit crop is 1.55 million tons, up 5 percent from the April 1
forecast but 5 percent lower than the previous season. Florida's grapefruit production is forecast at 26.3 million boxes
(1.12 million tons), up 7 percent from the April forecast but 3 percent below last season. The all white grapefruit
forecast is 9.00 million boxes (383,000 tons), an increase of 20 percent from April’s forecast but 3 percent below last
season’s final utilization. Florida’s colored grapefruit forecast, at 17.3 million boxes (735,000 tons), is up 2 percent
from the April forecast but 3 percent below the 2006-07 final utilization. The row count survey indicated that
94 percent of the rows observed this month were harvested and the majority of grapefruit left to be harvested were in
the Indian River production area. Grapefruit harvest is expected to be complete by mid-May. Arizona, California, and
Texas forecasts are carried forward from April.

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Tangerines: The U.S. tangerine crop is forecast at 458,000 tons, up 6 percent from the April forecast and 27 percent
higher than the final utilization in 2006-07. Florida's tangerine crop is forecast at 5.30 million boxes (252,000 tons), an
increase of 10 percent from April’s forecast and 15 percent higher than the 2006-07 utilization of 4.60 million boxes.
Harvest of early tangerines is final at 2.60 million boxes and the later maturing Honey tangerine forecast increased from
2.20 million boxes to 2.70 million boxes. For the first time on record, there are as many tangerines going for fresh as
processed. This is primarily due to the small fruit sizes. Arizona and California forecasts are carried forward from
April.
Tangelos: Florida’s tangelo forecast is 1.50 million boxes (68,000 tons), unchanged from the April 1 forecast but
20 percent above the 2006-07 final utilized production. Nearly all fruit picked were processed and the final week of
utilization was the first week in April.
Florida Citrus: Temperatures throughout the month were average, reaching the lower to mid-80s on most afternoons.
No significant rainfall was reported after the first week of April. Trees were beginning to show slight afternoon wilt
during the heat of the day, prompting growers to irrigate heavily.
The bloom period finished during the first two weeks of the month and the new fruit for next season formed quickly on
the trees. Grove maintenance included spraying, mowing, hedging and topping, brush removal, and resetting. Many
growers were still pushing trees with greening, while some were treating the trees prophylactically.
Valencia harvest was about half way through by the end of April. The clear weather allowed harvesting crews to work
long days, keeping weekly utilization at six million boxes per week. Grapefruit harvest was around one million boxes
per week. Processing plants began closing and the availability of grapefruit decreased rapidly towards the end of April.
Honey tangerines, which are typically harvested for fresh market, were being used more for processing.
California Citrus: Citrus fruits, including mandarins, Minneola tangelos, grapefruit, lemons, pummelos, and navel
and Valencia oranges, were harvested. Field juicing of navels was underway for fruit not suitable for fresh market.
Valencia maturity tests were good. Navel oranges were showing more rind breakdown and puff. Citrus trees were
blooming in the Central Valley. Many growers were irrigating their groves. Treatments for fungus, insects, and weeds
were also underway. In isolated areas, citrus growers took measures to avoid frost damage to their groves.
California Noncitrus Fruits and Nuts: Fruit and nut growers irrigated due to the continued dry spring. Grapes were
pushing out and vines were leafing. Grape growers were tying vines and applying pesticides. In some areas, grape
growers were assessing frost damage due to an unseasonably cold mid-April. Growers used water and wind machines
to help curtail damage, but these were not enough in some locations. Damage reports were also received for apples,
cherries, nectarines, pears, peaches, plums, and prunes. Losses in the northern areas of the State were the most
significant. Pears appeared to be the hardest hit. Stone fruits were sizing normally, though a lighter fruit set was
observed in some locations. Many stone fruit orchards were being thinned. Apple, cherry, pear, pomegranate, jujube,
and prune trees were still blooming in some areas. New orchards were being planted. Spring strawberries,
boysenberries, and blueberries were blooming. Picking was underway in some strawberry fields. Olive buds were
forming and bloom had already begun in some areas. Almond groves throughout California were in excellent
condition. The crop was developing well with nutlets growing rapidly. Disease pressure remained low given the lack
of rainfall. Late variety walnuts were still blooming and pushing out new leaves. Blight treatments in walnuts were
underway. Walnuts in some areas were damaged due to below freezing temperatures that occurred mid-month.
Pistachios were blooming and bunches were already seen on some trees.
Spring Potatoes: Spring production for 2008 is forecast at 19.6 million cwt, down 2 percent from the April forecast
and 1 percent below 2007. Area for harvest is forecast at 67,700 acres, up 1 percent from the previous forecast but
4 percent lower than last year. The average yield is forecast at 289 cwt per acre, 8 cwt below the April 1 forecast but
7 cwt higher than 2007.
Florida’s production is forecast at 8.04 million cwt, 1 percent lower than the previous forecast. Florida’s winter
potatoes were combined with spring potatoes in 2007. Light rainfall and low disease pressure kept crop development
on schedule. California spring potato production is forecast at 6.01 million cwt, up 9 percent from the April 1 forecast.
Most growers reported a healthy crop and are expecting excellent yields. North Carolina’s spring potato crop is
forecast at 2.80 million cwt, unchanged from the previous forecast. Crop condition was rated 94 percent good to
excellent with topsoil moisture at 99 percent adequate to surplus. Production in Texas is forecast at 1.68 million cwt,
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down 32 percent from the April 1 forecast. Spring potatoes are planted in the southern region of Texas, which
experienced dry conditions. Arizona growers expect production to total 1.05 million cwt, unchanged from the previous
forecast.
Tobacco: Revised U.S. tobacco production for 2007 totaled 780 million pounds, up slightly from the January
preliminary estimate and 7 percent above 2006. Harvested area is estimated at 356,000 acres, unchanged from the
January preliminary estimate but up 5 percent from the previous year’s estimate. Yield per acre averaged
2,191 pounds, up 4 pounds from the January preliminary estimate and 45 pounds above 2006.
Flue-cured production totaled 504 million pounds, fractionally above the January preliminary estimate. This is
13 percent greater than the 2006 estimate when 447 million pounds were produced. Growers harvested 223,000 acres,
up 5 percent from the previous year. Flue-cured yields averaged 2,259 pounds, up 161 pounds from 2006. North
Carolina, the leading producer of flue-cured tobacco, produced 377 million pounds, approximately 75 percent of all
flue-cured production.
Burley production, which accounted for 99 percent of all light air-cured tobacco, totaled 207 million pounds. This is up
less than 1 percent from the January preliminary estimate but 5 percent below 2006. Producers of burley tobacco
harvested 106,300 acres in 2007, up 3 percent from the previous year. Yields averaged 1,951 pounds per acre,
144 pounds less than 2006. Kentucky, the leading producer of burley tobacco, produced 154 million pounds,
approximately 74 percent of all burley grown in the United States.
Total revised fire-cured production is estimated at 41.7 million pounds, virtually unchanged from the January
preliminary estimate but 6 percent above the previous year. Growers harvested 14,600 acres, up 23 percent from 2006.
Fire-cured yields averaged 2,855 pounds per acre, down 469 pounds from the previous year.
Revised dark air-cured production totaled 13.5 million pounds, unchanged from the January preliminary estimate but
2 percent above the previous year. Growers harvested 4,980 acres in 2007, up 16 percent from 2006. Yield per acre
averaged 2,706 pounds, down 353 pounds from the previous year. Kentucky, the leading producer of dark air-cured
tobacco, produced 11.8 million pounds in 2007, accounting for approximately 87 percent of the dark air-cured tobacco
grown in the United States.
Production of cigar type tobacco, which includes filler, binder, and wrapper, is estimated at 11.3 million pounds, up
2 percent from the January preliminary estimate and 36 percent above the previous year. Growers harvested
6,020 acres in 2007, up 22 percent from 2006. The average yield was 1,873 pounds per acre, 203 pounds above last
year.
Cotton: All cotton production for 2007 is estimated at 19.2 million 480-pound bales, down 11 percent from the
previous year’s production. The U.S. all cotton yield averaged 879 pounds per acre, up 65 pounds from 2006. Upland
cotton production is estimated at 18.4 million 480-pound bales, down 12 percent from the previous season. The U.S.
yield for upland cotton is estimated at 864 pounds per acre, up 58 pounds from last year’s yield. The yield is the highest
on record, surpassing the previous record high of 843 pounds per acre set in 2004. Harvested area, at 10.2 million
acres, is down 18 percent from the previous year.
The 2007 area planted to all cotton totaled 10.8 million acres, down 29 percent from 2006. Harvested acreage at
10.5 million acres is down 18 percent from the previous year.
In the Southeast States (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia), producers battled
extreme drought conditions during the early summer. By late June, planting was complete in the region. Drought
conditions continued to plague producers throughout the fall causing the crop to develop ahead of normal in most areas.
By the end of September, harvest was ahead of normal throughout the region except in Georgia, where harvest lagged
behind throughout the season. Harvest was complete in the region by early December. Objective yield measurements
in Georgia show boll counts to be the third highest in the last 5 years.
Upland growers in the Delta States (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee) finished planting in
late May. The cotton crop in the Delta States matured rapidly during the late summer and early fall due to the continual
hot, dry weather. In September, harvest got underway but by the middle of the month, Louisiana and Mississippi
producers were hit with several weeks of rainy weather which delayed harvest. In Missouri and Tennessee, favorable
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fall weather and an advanced crop allowed harvest to be completed by the middle of November, well ahead of normal.
The objective yield data show Louisiana and Arkansas boll counts to be the highest on record. In Louisiana, producers
had a record high yield, surpassing the previous record set in 2003. In Mississippi, boll counts and boll weights are
slightly lower than the 5-year average.
Southwest (Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas) producers battled wet, cool conditions which delayed planting
of upland cotton. The later planted crop and the abnormally wet, cool summer caused crop development to lag behind
normal. During the early fall months, hot weather and timely rains helped promote crop development in the region. By
mid-September, after a delay from the excessive rains during the summer, harvest was finally in full swing in South
Texas. In the High Plains of Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas, harvest got underway in October where ideal weather
allowed harvest to advance rapidly. A record high yield was recorded by Oklahoma producers, surpassing the previous
record set in 2004. Data from the objective yield survey shows Texas bolls per acre to be the highest on record and boll
weights to be second heaviest on record. The yield in Texas is estimated at 843 pounds per acre, surpassing the
previous record set in 2005.
California and Arizona upland producers completed planting by early June. Ideal weather throughout the summer and
fall months allowed the crop to develop ahead of normal. In Arizona, harvest got underway by the first of the
September, slightly ahead of normal. In the San Joaquin Valley, harvest was in full swing by the middle of October.
By the end of November, harvest was complete in California. Data from the objective yield survey show California
boll weights to be heaviest on record. California’s yield is estimated at a record high 1,608 pounds, surpassing the
previous record set in 2004.
American-Pima producers planted 292,200 acres in 2007, down 10 percent from the previous year. Harvested area, at
288,100 acres, is down 1l percent from 2006. Production is estimated at a record high 851,800 bales (480-pound), up
11 percent from the previous season. The U.S. yield is estimated at 1,419 pounds per acre, up 283 pounds from 2006.
California producers harvested a record high production of 793,000 bales with a yield of 1,481 pounds, the second
highest yield on record. The crop progressed normally throughout the summer and fall with excellent cotton growing
weather. Harvest was complete by the end of November.
Cottonseed: Cottonseed production in 2007 totaled 6.59 million tons, down 10 percent from last year. Sales to oil
mills accounted for 55 percent of the disposition. The remaining 45 percent will be used for seed, feed, exports, and
various other uses.

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Reliability of May 1 Crop Production Forecast
Wheat Survey Procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between April 22 and
May 6 to gather information on expected yield as of May 1. The objective yield survey was conducted in three
States (Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas) where wheat is normally mature enough to make meaningful counts. Farm
operators were interviewed to update previously reported acreage data and seek permission to randomly locate
two sample plots in selected winter wheat fields. The counts made within each sample plot depended upon the
crop's maturity. Counts such as number of stalks, heads in late boot, and number of emerged heads were made to
predict the number of heads that would be harvested. The counts are used with similar data from previous years
to develop a projected biological yield. The average harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net yield. The plots
are revisited each month until crop maturity when the heads are clipped, threshed, and weighed. After the farm
operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled to obtain current year harvesting loss.
The farm operator survey included a sample of approximately 15,800 producers representing all major production
areas. These producers were selected from an earlier acreage survey and were asked about the probable winter
wheat acres for harvest and yield on their operation. These growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the
growing season to provide indications of average yields.
Orange Survey Procedures: The orange objective yield survey for the May 1 forecast was conducted in Florida,
which accounts for nearly 75 percent of the U.S. production. Bearing tree numbers are determined at the start of
the season based on a fruit tree census conducted every other year, combined with ongoing review based on
administrative data or special surveys. From mid-July to mid-September, the number of fruit per tree is
determined. In September and subsequent months, fruit size measurement and fruit droppage surveys are
conducted, which combined with the previous components are used to develop the current forecast of production.
Arizona, California, and Texas conduct grower and packer surveys on a quarterly basis in October, January, April,
and July. California also conducts objective measurement surveys in September for navel oranges and in March
for Valencia oranges.
Wheat Estimating Procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed
for reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering
weather patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each State Field Office
submits their analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the
survey data and the State analyses to prepare the published May 1 forecasts.
Orange Estimating Procedures: State level objective yield estimates for Florida oranges were reviewed for
errors, reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. The Florida Field Office submits its analyses of
the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the Florida survey data and their
analyses to prepare the published May 1 forecast. The May 1 orange production forecasts for Arizona, California,
and Texas are carried forward from April.
Revision Policy: The May 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each
month throughout the growing season. End-of-season wheat estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the
wheat marketing season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings,
feeding, and ending stocks. Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data
warrant changes. End-of-season orange estimates will be published in the Citrus Fruits Summary released in
September. The orange production estimates are based on all data available at the end of the marketing season,
including information from marketing orders, shipments, and processor records. Allowances are made for
recorded local utilization and home use.
Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the May 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square
Error," a statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the May 1
production forecast and the final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the
squared percentage deviations for the latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes
statistically the "Root Mean Square Error." Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences
in the current forecast relative to the final end-of-season estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's
forecast are not different from those influencing recent years.
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The "Root Mean Square Error" for the May 1 winter wheat production forecast is 6.8 percent. This means that
chances are 2 out of 3 that the current production forecast will not be above or below the final estimate by more
than 6.8 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed
11.8 percent. Differences between the May 1 winter wheat production forecast and the final estimate during the
past 20 years have averaged 88 million bushels, ranging from 4 million to 285 million bushels. The May 1
forecast has been below the final estimate 8 times and above 12 times. This does not imply that the June 1 winter
wheat forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production.
The "Root Mean Square Error" for the May 1 orange production forecast is 1.6 percent. However, if you exclude
the 5 abnormal production seasons (3 freeze seasons and 2 hurricane seasons), the "Root Mean Square Error" is
1.5 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current orange production forecast will not be above
or below the final estimates by more than 1.6 percent, or 1.5 percent, excluding abnormal seasons. Chances are
9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 2.8 percent, or 2.6 percent, excluding
abnormal seasons.
Changes between the May 1 orange forecast and the final estimates during the past 20 years have averaged
139,000 tons (157,000 tons, excluding abnormal seasons), ranging from 5,000 tons to 369,000 tons when
including or excluding abnormal seasons. The May 1 forecast for oranges has been equally above and below the
final estimate 10 times (below 7 times and above 8 times, excluding abnormal seasons). This does not imply that
the May 1 forecast this year is likely to understate or overstate final production.

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Information Contacts
Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to
contact for additional information.
Jeff Geuder, Chief ...........................................................................................................(202) 720-2127
Field Crops Section
Greg Thessen, Head .............................................................................(202) 720-2127
Shiela Corley - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings .............................................(202) 720-5944
Todd Ballard - Wheat, Rye ...................................................................(202) 720-8068
Ty Kalaus - Corn, Proso Millet, Flaxseed ............................................(202) 720-9526
Anthony Prillaman - Peanuts, Rice ......................................................(202) 720-7688
Travis Thorson - Soybeans, Sunflower, Other Oilseeds ......................(202) 720-7369
Don Gephart - Hay, Oats, Sorghum .....................................................(202) 690-3234
Dawn Keen - Crop Weather, Barley, Sugar Crops ...............................(202) 720-7621
Fruits, Vegetables & Special Crops Section
Lance Honig, Head ...............................................................................(202) 720-2127
Leslie Colburn - Berries, Grapes, Maple Syrup, Tobacco ....................(202) 720-7235
Debbie Flippin - Fresh and Processing Vegetables, Onions,
Strawberries ..............................................................(202) 720-2157
Faye Propsom - Citrus, Tropical Fruits ................................................(202) 720-4285
Doug Marousek - Floriculture, Nursery, Tree Nuts .............................(202) 720-4215
Dan Norris - Austrian Winter Peas, Dry Edible Peas, Lentils,
Mint, Mushrooms, Peaches, Pears,
Wrinkled Seed Peas ..................................................(202) 720-3250
Mike Jacobsen - Apples, Apricots, Cherries, Cranberries,
Plums, Prunes ............................................................(202) 720-4288
Kim Ritchie - Hops ..............................................................................(360) 902-1940
Faye Propsom - Dry Beans, Potatoes, Sweet Potatoes .........................(202) 720-4285

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