1625-0097 Stat Authority

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From the U.S. Code Online via GPO Access
[wais.access.gpo.gov]
[Laws in effect as of January 2, 2001]
[Document not affected by Public Laws enacted between
January 2, 2001 and January 22, 2002]
[CITE: 43USC1333]

TITLE 43--PUBLIC LANDS
CHAPTER 29--SUBMERGED LANDS
SUBCHAPTER III--OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF LANDS
Sec. 1333. Laws and regulations governing lands

(a) Constitution and United States laws; laws of adjacent States;
publication of projected State lines; international boundary
disputes; restriction on State taxation and jurisdiction
(1) The Constitution and laws and civil and political jurisdiction
of the United States are extended to the subsoil and seabed of the outer
Continental Shelf and to all artificial islands, and all installations
and other devices permanently or temporarily attached to the seabed,
which may be erected thereon for the purpose of exploring for,
developing, or producing resources therefrom, or any such installation
or other device (other than a ship or vessel) for the purpose of
transporting such resources, to the same extent as if the outer
Continental Shelf were an area of exclusive Federal jurisdiction located
within a State: Provided, however, That mineral leases on the outer
Continental Shelf shall be maintained or issued only under the
provisions of this subchapter.
(2)(A) To the extent that they are applicable and not inconsistent
with this subchapter or with other Federal laws and regulations of the
Secretary now in effect or hereafter adopted, the civil and criminal
laws of each adjacent State, now in effect or hereafter adopted,
amended, or repealed are declared to be the law of the United States for
that portion of the subsoil and seabed of the outer Continental Shelf,
and artificial islands and fixed structures erected thereon, which would
be within the area of the State if its boundaries were extended seaward
to the outer margin of the outer Continental Shelf, and the President
shall determine and publish in the Federal Register such projected lines
extending seaward and defining each such area. All of such applicable
laws shall be administered and enforced by the appropriate officers and
courts of the United States. State taxation laws shall not apply to the
outer Continental Shelf.
(B) Within one year after September 18, 1978, the President shall
establish procedures for setting \1\ any outstanding international
boundary dispute respecting the outer Continental Shelf.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------\1\ So in original. Probably should be ``settling''.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------(3) The provisions of this section for adoption of State law as the
law of the United States shall never be interpreted as a basis for
claiming any interest in or jurisdiction on behalf of any State for any
purpose over the seabed and subsoil of the outer Continental Shelf, or
the property and natural resources thereof or the revenues therefrom.
(b) Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act applicable;

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definitions
With respect to disability or death of an employee resulting from
any injury occurring as the result of operations conducted on the outer
Continental Shelf for the purpose of exploring for, developing,
removing, or transporting by pipeline the natural resources, or
involving rights to the natural resources, of the subsoil and seabed of
the outer Continental Shelf, compensation shall be payable under the
provisions of the Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act [33
U.S.C. 901 et seq.]. For the purposes of the extension of the provisions
of the Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act under this
section-(1) the term ``employee'' does not include a master or member of
a crew of any vessel, or an officer or employee of the United States
or any agency thereof or of any State or foreign government, or of
any political subdivision thereof;
(2) the term ``employer'' means an employer any of whose
employees are employed in such operations; and
(3) the term ``United States'' when used in a geographical sense
includes the outer Continental Shelf and artificial islands and
fixed structures thereon.
(c) National Labor Relations Act applicable
For the purposes of the National Labor Relations Act, as amended [29
U.S.C. 151 et seq.], any unfair labor practice, as defined in such Act,
occurring upon any artificial island, installation, or other device
referred to in subsection (a) of this section shall be deemed to have
occurred within the judicial district of the State, the laws of which
apply to such artificial island, installation, or other device pursuant
to such subsection, except that until the President determines the areas
within which such State laws are applicable, the judicial district shall
be that of the State nearest the place of location of such artificial
island, installation, or other device.
(d) Coast Guard regulations; marking of artificial islands,
installations, and other devices; failure of owner suitably to
mark according to regulations
(1) The Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is
operating shall have authority to promulgate and enforce such reasonable
regulations with respect to lights and other warning devices, safety
equipment, and other matters relating to the promotion of safety of life
and property on the artificial islands, installations, and other devices
referred to in subsection (a) of this section or on the waters adjacent
thereto, as he may deem necessary.
(2) The Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is
operating may mark for the protection of navigation any artificial
island, installation, or other device referred to in subsection (a) of
this section whenever the owner has failed suitably to mark such island,
installation, or other device in accordance with regulations issued
under this subchapter, and the owner shall pay the cost of such marking.
(e) Authority of Secretary of the Army to prevent obstruction to
navigation
The authority of the Secretary of the Army to prevent obstruction to
navigation in the navigable waters of the United States is extended to
the artificial islands, installations, and other devices referred to in
subsection (a) of this section.

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(f) Provisions as nonexclusive
The specific application by this section of certain provisions of
law to the subsoil and seabed of the outer Continental Shelf and the
artificial islands, installations, and other devices referred to in
subsection (a) of this section or to acts or offenses occurring or
committed thereon shall not give rise to any inference that the
application to such islands and structures, acts, or offenses of any
other provision of law is not intended.
(Aug. 7, 1953, ch. 345, Sec. 4, 67 Stat. 462; Pub. L. 93-627,
Sec. 19(f), Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2146; Pub. L. 95-372, title II,
Sec. 203, Sept. 18, 1978, 92 Stat. 635; Pub. L. 98-426, Sec. 27(d)(2),
Sept. 28, 1984, 98 Stat. 1654.)
References in Text
The Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act, referred to in
subsec. (b), is act Mar. 4, 1927, ch. 509, 44 Stat. 1424, as amended,
which is classified generally to chapter 18 (Sec. 901 et seq.) of Title
33, Navigation and Navigable Waters. For complete classification of this
Act to the Code, see section 901 of Title 33 and Tables.
The National Labor Relations Act, as amended, referred to in subsec.
(c), is act July 5, 1935, ch. 372, 49 Stat. 449, as amended, which is
classified generally to subchapter II (Sec. 151 et seq.) of chapter 7 of
Title 29, Labor. For complete classification of this Act to the Code,
see section 167 of Title 29 and Tables.

Amendments
1984--Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98-426 substituted ``Longshore and Harbor
Workers' Compensation Act'' for ``Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers'
Compensation Act''.
1978--Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 95-372, Sec. 203(a), substituted ``,
and all installations and other devices permanently or temporarily
attached to the seabed, which may be erected thereon for the purpose of
exploring for, developing, or producing resources therefrom, or any such
installation or other device (other than a ship or vessel) for the
purpose of transporting such resources,'' for ``and fixed structures
which may be erected thereon for the purpose of exploring for,
developing, removing, and transporting resources therefrom,''.
Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 95-372, Sec. 203(b), designated existing
provisions as subpar. (A) and added subpar. (B).
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95-372, Sec. 203(c), (h), redesignated subsec.
(c) as (b) and substituted ``conducted on the outer Continental Shelf
for the purpose of exploring for, developing, removing, or transporting
by pipeline the natural resources, or involving rights to the natural
resources, of the subsoil and seabed of the outer Continental Shelf,''
for ``described in subsection (b) of this section,''. Former subsec.
(b), relating to the jurisdiction of United States district courts over
cases and controversies arising out of or in connection with operations
conducted on the outer Continental Shelf, was struck out. See section
1349(b) of this title.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95-372, Sec. 203(d), (h), redesignated subsec.
(d) as (c) and substituted ``artificial island, installation, or other
device referred to in subsection (a) of this section shall be deemed to
have occurred within the judicial district of the State, the laws of
which apply to such artificial island, installation, or other device

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pursuant to such subsection, except that until the President determines
the areas within such State laws are applicable, the judicial district
shall be that of the State nearest the place of location of such
artificial island, installation, or other device'' for ``artificial
island or fixed structure referred to in subsection (a) of this section
shall be deemed to have occurred within the judicial district of the
adjacent State nearest the place of location of such island or
structure''. Former subsec. (c) redesignated (b).
Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 95-372, Sec. 203(e)(1), (f), (h),
redesignated subsec. (e)(1) as (d)(1), substituted ``Secretary'' for
``head'' and ``artificial islands, installations, and other devices''
for ``islands and structures''. Former subsec. (d) redesignated (c).
Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 95-372, Sec. 203(g), (h), redesignated
subsec. (e)(2) as (d)(2) and substituted ``Secretary'' for ``head'' and
``artificial island, installation, or other device referred to in
subsection (a) of this section whenever the owner has failed suitably to
mark such island, installation, or other device in accordance with
regulations issued under this subchapter, and the owner shall pay the
cost of such marking'' for ``such island or structure whenever the owner
has failed suitably to mark the same in accordance with regulations
issued hereunder, and the owner shall pay the cost thereof'', and struck
out provisions which had made failure or refusal to obey any lawful
rules and regulations a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not more
than $100, with each day during which such a violation would continue to
be deemed a new offense. Former subsec. (d) redesignated (c).
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 95-372, Sec. 203(e)(2), (h), redesignated
subsec. (f) as (e) and substituted ``the artificial islands,
installations, and other devices referred to in subsection (a) of this
section'' for ``artificial islands and fixed structures located on the
outer Continental Shelf''. Former subsec. (e) redesignated (d).
Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 95-372, Sec. 203(e)(3), (h), redesignated
subsec. (g) as (f) and substituted ``the artificial islands,
installations, and other devices'' for ``the artificial islands and
fixed structures''. Former subsec. (f) redesignated (e).
1975--Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 93-627 substituted ``now in effect or
hereafter adopted, amended, or repealed'' for ``as of the effective date
of this Act'' in first sentence.
Section Referred to in Other Sections
This section is referred to in sections 1331, 1347, 1351 of this
title; title 33 sections 905, 941, 2104; title 46 App. section 883.

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From the U.S. Code Online via GPO Access
[wais.access.gpo.gov]
[Laws in effect as of January 23, 2000]
[Document not affected by Public Laws enacted between
January 23, 2000 and December 4, 2001]
[CITE: 46USC3306]
TITLE 46--SHIPPING
Subtitle II--Vessels and Seamen
Part B--Inspection and Regulation of Vessels
CHAPTER 33--INSPECTION GENERALLY
Sec. 3306. Regulations
(a) To carry out this part and to secure the safety of individuals
and property on board vessels subject to inspection, the Secretary shall
prescribe necessary regulations to ensure the proper execution of, and
to carry out, this part in the most effective manner for-(1) the design, construction, alteration, repair, and operation
of those vessels, including superstructures, hulls, fittings,
equipment, appliances, propulsion machinery, auxiliary machinery,
boilers, unfired pressure vessels, piping, electric installations,
and accommodations for passengers and crew, sailing school
instructors, and sailing school students;
(2) lifesaving equipment and its use;
(3) firefighting equipment, its use, and precautionary measures
to guard against fire;
(4) inspections and tests related to paragraphs (1), (2), and
(3) of this subsection; and
(5) the use of vessel stores and other supplies of a dangerous
nature.
(b)(1) Equipment and material subject to regulation under this
section may not be used on any vessel without prior approval of the
Secretary.
(2) Except with respect to use on a public vessel, the Secretary may
treat an approval of equipment or materials by a foreign government as
approval by the Secretary for purposes of paragraph (1) if the Secretary
determines that-(A) the design standards and testing procedures used by that
government meet the requirements of the International Convention for
the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974;
(B) the approval of the equipment or material by the foreign
government will secure the safety of individuals and property on
board vessels subject to inspection; and
(C) for lifesaving equipment, the foreign government-(i) has given equivalent treatment to approvals of
lifesaving equipment by the Secretary; and
(ii) otherwise ensures that lifesaving equipment approved by
the Secretary may be used on vessels that are documented and
subject to inspection under the laws of that country.
(c) In prescribing regulations for sailing school vessels, the
Secretary shall consult with representatives of the private sector
having experience in the operation of vessels likely to be certificated
as sailing school vessels. The regulations shall-(1) reflect the specialized nature of sailing school vessel
operations, and the character, design, and construction of vessels
operating as sailing school vessels; and
(2) include requirements for notice to sailing school
instructors and sailing school students about the specialized nature

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of sailing school vessels and applicable safety regulations.
(d) In prescribing regulations for nautical school vessels operated
by the United States Merchant Marine Academy or by a State maritime
academy (as defined in section 1302(3) of the Merchant Marine Act, 1936
(46 App. U.S.C. 1295a(3))), the Secretary shall consider the function,
purpose, and operation of the vessels, their routes, and the number of
individuals who may be carried on the vessels.
(e) When the Secretary finds it in the public interest, the
Secretary may suspend or grant exemptions from the requirements of a
regulation prescribed under this section related to lifesaving and
firefighting equipment, muster lists, ground tackle and hawsers, and
bilge systems.
(f) In prescribing regulations for offshore supply vessels, the
Secretary shall consider the characteristics, methods of operation, and
the nature of the service of offshore supply vessels.
(g) In prescribing regulations for fish processing or fish tender
vessels, the Secretary shall consult with representatives of the private
sector having experience in the operation of these vessels. The
regulations shall reflect the specialized nature and economics of fish
processing or fish tender vessel operations and the character, design,
and construction of fish processing or fish tender vessels.
(h) The Secretary shall establish appropriate structural fire
protection, manning, operating, and equipment requirements for vessels
of at least 100 gross tons but less than 300 gross tons as measured
under section 14502 of this title, or an alternate tonnage measured
under section 14302 of this title as prescribed by the Secretary under
section 14104 of this title carrying not more than 150 passengers on
domestic voyages, which meet the eligibility criteria of section 2113(4)
of this title.
(i) The Secretary shall establish appropriate structural fire
protection, manning, operating, and equipment requirements for former
public vessels of the United States of at least 100 gross tons but less
that 500 gross tons as measured under section 14502 of this title, or an
alternate tonnage measured under section 14302 of this title as
prescribed by the Secretary under section 14104 of this title carrying
not more than 150 passengers on domestic voyages, which meet the
eligibility criteria of section 2113(5) of this title.
(Pub. L. 98-89, Aug. 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 513; Pub. L. 98-364, title IV,
Sec. 402(5), July 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 446; Pub. L. 103-206, title V,
Sec. 512(a), Dec. 20, 1993, 107 Stat. 2442; Pub. L. 104-324, title VI,
Sec. 604(a), (c), title VII, Sec. 712, Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3930,
3931, 3936.)
Historical and Revision Notes
-----------------------------------------------------------------------Revised section
Source section (U.S. Code)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------3306.............................. 46:366
46:369
46:375
46:390b
46:392
46:404
46:408
46:411
46:412
46:416
46:420
46:445
46:459
46:473
46:477
46:478

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46:479
46:481
46:482
46:483
46:489
46:526p
46:1295f(c)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------Section 3306 contains broad authority to prescribe regulations for
the proper inspection and certification of vessels. It provides
regulatory flexibility for meeting technological changes. The section
also permits flexibility in prescribing regulations for nautical school
vessels operated by the United States Merchant Marine Academy or by a
State maritime academy. The Secretary may suspend or grant exemptions to
certain limited inspection requirements when the Secretary finds that
this is necessary in the public interest. It also contains the
requirement that in regulating offshore supply vessels consideration
must be given to the special nature of their operations.
Amendments
1996--Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 104-324, Sec. 604(c), substituted
``paragraphs (1), (2), and (3)'' for ``clauses (1)-(3)''.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104-324, Sec. 604(a), amended subsec. (b)
generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: ``Equipment
subject to regulation under this section may not be used on any vessel
without prior approval as prescribed by regulation.''
Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 104-324, Sec. 712(1), inserted ``as measured
under section 14502 of this title, or an alternate tonnage measured
under section 14302 of this title as prescribed by the Secretary under
section 14104 of this title'' after ``300 gross tons''.
Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 104-324, Sec. 712(2), inserted ``as measured
under section 14502 of this title, or an alternate tonnage measured
under section 14302 of this title as prescribed by the Secretary under
section 14104 of this title'' after ``500 gross tons''.
1993--Subsecs. (h), (i). Pub. L. 103-206 added subsecs. (h) and (i).
1984--Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 98-364 added subsec. (g).
Regulations
Section 512(b), (c) of Pub. L. 103-206 provided that:
``(b) The Secretary of Transportation shall, within twenty-four
months of the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 1993], prescribe
regulations establishing the structural fire protection, manning,
operating, and equipment requirements for vessels which meet the
requirements of subsections (h) and (i) of section 3306 of title 46,
United States Code, as amended by this Act.
``(c) Before the Secretary of Transportation prescribes regulations
under subsections (h) and (i) of section 3306 of title 46, United States
Code, as amended by this Act, the Secretary may prescribe the route,
service, manning, and equipment for those vessels based on existing
passenger vessel and small passenger vessel regulations.''
Foreign Approvals
Section 604(b) of Pub. L. 104-324 provided that: ``The Secretary of
Transportation, in consultation with other interested Federal agencies,
shall work with foreign governments to have those governments approve
the use of the same equipment and materials on vessels documented under
the laws of those countries that the Secretary requires on United States
documented vessels.''

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International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea
For International Conventions for the Safety of Life at Sea to which
the United States has been a party, see section 1602 of Title 33,
Navigation and Navigable Waters, and notes thereunder.
Section Referred to in Other Sections
This section is referred to in sections 3313, 3318 of this title.

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From the U.S. Code Online via GPO Access
[wais.access.gpo.gov]
[Laws in effect as of January 2, 2001]
[Document not affected by Public Laws enacted between
January 2, 2001 and January 22, 2002]
[CITE: 46USC3703]

TITLE 46--SHIPPING
Subtitle II--Vessels and Seamen
Part B--Inspection and Regulation of Vessels
CHAPTER 37--CARRIAGE OF LIQUID BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES
Sec. 3703. Regulations
(a) The Secretary shall prescribe regulations for the design,
construction, alteration, repair, maintenance, operation, equipping,
personnel qualification, and manning of vessels to which this chapter
applies, that may be necessary for increased protection against hazards
to life and property, for navigation and vessel safety, and for enhanced
protection of the marine environment. The Secretary may prescribe
different regulations applicable to vessels engaged in the domestic
trade, and also may prescribe regulations that exceed standards set
internationally. Regulations prescribed by the Secretary under this
subsection are in addition to regulations prescribed under other laws
that may apply to any of those vessels. Regulations prescribed under
this subsection shall include requirements about-(1) superstructures, hulls, cargo holds or tanks, fittings,
equipment, appliances, propulsion machinery, auxiliary machinery,
and boilers;
(2) the handling or stowage of cargo, the manner of handling or
stowage of cargo, and the machinery and appliances used in the
handling or stowage;
(3) equipment and appliances for lifesaving, fire protection,
and prevention and mitigation of damage to the marine environment;
(4) the manning of vessels and the duties, qualifications, and
training of the officers and crew;
(5) improvements in vessel maneuvering and stopping ability and
other features that reduce the possibility of marine casualties;
(6) the reduction of cargo loss if a marine casualty occurs; and
(7) the reduction or elimination of discharges during
ballasting, deballasting, tank cleaning, cargo handling, or other
such activity.
(b) In prescribing regulations under subsection (a) of this section,
the Secretary shall consider the types and grades of cargo permitted to
be on board a tank vessel.
(c) In prescribing regulations under subsection (a) of this section,
the Secretary shall establish procedures for consulting with, and
receiving and considering the views of-(1) interested departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of
the United States Government;
(2) officials of State and local governments;
(3) representatives of port and harbor authorities and
associations;
(4) representatives of environmental groups; and
(5) other interested parties knowledgeable or experienced in

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dealing with problems involving vessel safety, port and waterways
safety, and protection of the marine environment.
(Pub. L. 98-89, Aug. 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 522.)
Historical and Revision Notes
-----------------------------------------------------------------------Revised section
Source section (U.S. Code)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------3703.............................. 46:391a(6)
46:391a(12)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------Section 3703 requires the Secretary to issue regulations to
implement this section. Specific items are listed to be included within
the regulations issued. The regulatory authority must be exercised under
the Administrative Procedure Act and, in prescribing these regulations,
the Secretary must consider the kinds and grades of cargo carried on
board. Furthermore, in addition to any requirements of the
Administrative Procedure Act, the Secretary must establish specific
consultation procedures for considering the views of various specified
interested officials, groups, and individuals. The procedures are
intended to provide for consultation as early as possible in the
regulatory process.

Studies Addressing Various Sources of Oil Spill Risk
Pub. L. 104-324, title IX, Sec. 903, Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3947,
provided that:
``(a) Study of Group-5 Fuel Oil Spills.-``(1) Definition.--In this subsection, the term `group-5 fuel
oil' means a petroleum-based oil that has a specific gravity of
greater than 1.0.
``(2) Coordination of study.--The Secretary of Transportation
shall coordinate with the Marine Board of the National Research
Council to conduct a study of the relative environmental and public
health risks posed by discharges of group-5 fuel oil.
``(3) Matters to be included.--The study under this subsection
shall include a review and analysis of-``(A) the specific risks posed to the public health or
welfare of the United States, including fish, shellfish and
wildlife, public and private property, shorelines, beaches,
habitat, and other natural resources under the jurisdiction or
control of the United States, as a result of an actual or
threatened discharge of group-5 fuel oil from a vessel or
facility;
``(B) cleanup technologies currently available to address
actual or threatened discharge of group-5 fuel oil; and
``(C) any technological and financial barriers that prevent
the prompt remediation of discharges of group-5 fuel oil.
``(4) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of
enactment of this Act [Oct. 19, 1996], the Secretary of
Transportation shall submit to the Committee on Environment and
Public Works and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation of the Senate, and the Committee on Transportation
and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report on the
results of the study under this subsection.
``(5) Rulemaking.--If the Secretary of Transportation
determines, based on the results of the study under this subsection,

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that there are significant risks to public health or the environment
resulting from the actual or threatened discharge of group-5 fuel
oil from a vessel or facility that cannot be technologically or
economically addressed by existing or anticipated cleanup efforts,
the Secretary may initiate a rulemaking to take such action as is
necessary to abate the threat.
``(b) Study of Automatic Fueling Shutoff Equipment.-``(1) Coordination of study.--The Secretary of Transportation
shall coordinate with the Marine Board of the National Research
Council to conduct a study of the unintentional or accidental
discharge of fuel oil during lightering or fuel loading or offloading activity.
``(2) Matters to be included.--The study under this subsection
shall include a review and analysis of current monitoring and
fueling practices to determine the need for automatic fuel shutoff
equipment to prevent the accidental discharge of fuel oil, and
whether such equipment is needed as a supplement to or replacement
of existing preventive equipment or procedures.
``(3) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of
enactment of this Act [Oct. 19, 1996], the Secretary of
Transportation shall submit to the Committee on Environment and
Public Works and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and
Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report on the
results of the study under this subsection.
``(4) Rulemaking.--If the Secretary of Transportation
determines, based on the results of the study conducted under this
subsection, that the use of automatic oil shutoff equipment is
necessary to prevent the actual or threatened discharge of oil
during lightering or fuel loading or off[-]loading activity, the
Secretary may initiate a rulemaking to take such action as is
necessary to abate a threat to public health or the environment.
``(c) Lightering Study.--The Secretary of Transportation shall
coordinate with the Marine Board of the National Research Council on a
study into the actual incidence and risk of oil spills from lightering
operations off the coast of the United States. Among other things, the
study shall address the manner in which existing regulations are serving
to reduce oil spill risks. The study shall take into account current or
proposed international rules and standards and also include
recommendations on measures that would be likely to further reduce the
risks of oil spills from lightering operations. Not later than 18 months
after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 19, 1996], the Secretary
shall submit a report on the study to the Committee on Commerce,
Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on
Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives.''

Existing Tank Vessel Research
Pub. L. 104-324, title XI, Sec. 1134, Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3985,
provided that:
``(a) Funding.--The Secretary of Transportation shall take steps to
allocate funds appropriated for research, development, testing, and
evaluation, including the combination of funds from any source available
and authorized for this purpose, to ensure that any Government-sponsored
project intended to evaluate double hull alternatives that provide equal
or greater protection to the marine environment, or interim solutions to
remediate potential environmental damage resulting from oil spills from
existing tank vessels, commenced prior to the date of enactment of this
section [Oct. 19, 1996], is fully funded for completion by the end of

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fiscal year 1997. Any vessel construction or repair necessary to carry
out the purpose of this section must be performed in a shipyard located
in the United States.
``(b) Use of Public Vessels.--The Secretary may provide vessels
owned by, or demise chartered to, and operated by the Government and not
engaged in commercial service, without reimbursement, for use in and the
support of projects sponsored by the Government for research,
development, testing, evaluation, and demonstration of new or improved
technologies that are effective in preventing or mitigating oil
discharges and protecting the environment.''

Oil Spill Prevention and Response Technology Test and Evaluation Program
Pub. L. 103-206, title III, Sec. 310, Dec. 20, 1993, 107 Stat. 2425,
provided that:
``(a) Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this
Act [Dec. 20, 1993], the Secretary of Transportation shall establish a
program to evaluate the technological feasibility and environmental
benefits of having tank vessels carry oil spill prevention and response
technology. To implement the program the Secretary shall-``(1) publish in the Federal Register an invitation for
submission of proposals including plans and procedures for testing;
and
``(2) review and evaluate technology using, to the maximum
extent possible, existing evaluation and performance standards.
``(b) The Secretary shall, to the maximum extent possible,
incorporate in the program established in subsection (a), the results of
existing studies and evaluations of oil spill prevention and response
technology carried on tank vessels.
``(c) Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this
Act [Dec. 20, 1993], the Secretary shall evaluate the results of the
program established in subsection (a) and submit a report to Congress
with recommendations on the feasibility and environmental benefits of,
and appropriate equipment and utilization standards for, requiring tank
vessels to carry oil spill prevention and response equipment.
``(d) Not later than 6 months after the date of the enactment of
this Act [Dec. 20, 1993], the Secretary shall evaluate and report to the
Congress on the feasibility of using segregated ballast tanks for
emergency transfer of cargo and storage of recovered oil.''

Regulations Requiring Periodic Gauging of Plating Thickness for Oil
Carrying Commercial Vessels
Pub. L. 101-380, title IV, Sec. 4109, Aug. 18, 1990, 104 Stat. 515,
provided that: ``Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment
of this Act [Aug. 18, 1990], the Secretary shall issue regulations for
vessels constructed or adapted to carry, or that carry, oil in bulk as
cargo or cargo residue-``(1) establishing minimum standards for plating thickness; and
``(2) requiring, consistent with generally recognized principles
of international law, periodic gauging of the plating thickness of
all such vessels over 30 years old operating on the navigable waters
or the waters of the exclusive economic zone.''

Regulations Requiring Use of Overfill and Tank Level or Monitoring
Devices on Oil Carrying Commercial Vessels

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Pub. L. 101-380, title IV, Sec. 4110, Aug. 18, 1990, 104 Stat. 515,
provided that:
``(a) Standards.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the
enactment of this Act [Aug. 18, 1990], the Secretary shall establish, by
regulation, minimum standards for devices for warning persons of
overfills and tank levels of oil in cargo tanks and devices for
monitoring the pressure of oil cargo tanks.
``(b) Use.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of
this Act [Aug. 18, 1990], the Secretary shall issue regulations
establishing, consistent with generally recognized principles of
international law, requirements concerning the use of-``(1) overfill devices, and
``(2) tank level or pressure monitoring devices,
which are referred to in subsection (a) and which meet the standards
established by the Secretary under subsection (a), on vessels
constructed or adapted to carry, or that carry, oil in bulk as cargo or
cargo residue on the navigable waters and the waters of the exclusive
economic zone.''

Tanker Navigation Safety Standards Study
Pub. L. 101-380, title IV, Sec. 4111, Aug. 18, 1990, 104 Stat. 515,
directed Secretary, not later than 2 years after Aug. 18, 1990, to
conduct a study and report to Congress on whether existing laws and
regulations are adequate to ensure safe navigation of vessels
transporting oil or hazardous substances in bulk on navigable waters and
waters of the exclusive economic zone.

Rules Governing Operation of Vessels on Auto-Pilot or With Unattended
Engine Room
Pub. L. 101-380, title IV, Sec. 4114(a), Aug. 18, 1990, 104 Stat.
517, provided that: ``In order to protect life, property, and the
environment, the Secretary shall initiate a rulemaking proceeding within
180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 18, 1990] to
define the conditions under, and designate the waters upon, which tank
vessels subject to section 3703 of title 46, United States Code, may
operate in the navigable waters with the auto-pilot engaged or with an
unattended engine room.''

Regulations Requiring Escorts for Certain Tankers; ``Tanker'' Defined
Pub. L. 101-380, title IV, Sec. 4116(c), (d), Aug. 18, 1990, 104
Stat. 523, provided that:
``(c) Escorts for Certain Tankers.--Not later than 6 months after
the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 18, 1990], the Secretary
shall initiate issuance of regulations under section 3703(a)(3) of title
46, United States Code, to define those areas, including Prince William
Sound, Alaska, and Rosario Strait and Puget Sound, Washington (including
those portions of the Strait of Juan de Fuca east of Port Angeles, Haro
Strait, and the Strait of Georgia subject to United States
jurisdiction), on which single hulled tankers over 5,000 gross tons
transporting oil in bulk shall be escorted by at least two towing
vessels (as defined under section 2101 of title 46, United States Code)
or other vessels considered appropriate by the Secretary.
``(d) Tanker Defined.--In this section [amending section 8502 of
this title] the term `tanker' has the same meaning the term has in

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section 2101 of title 46, United States Code.''
Section Referred to in Other Sections
This section is referred to in title 42 section 7511b.

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