Public Law 95-307

Public Law 95-307

16 U.S.C. 1641+

FOREST AND RANGELAND RENEWABLE RESOURCES RESEARCH
ACT OF 1978

An Act
Act of June 30, 1978 (P.L. 95-307, 92 Stat. 353, as amended)
Note: The 1978 Research Act replaced the McSweeney-McNary Act of 1928(see Sec. 8) and has been amended
by:
Forestry Energy Research Act of 1978
Pub. L., 96-294, title II, § 254, June 30, 1980, 94 Stat. 707 (Title 16, § 1642)
Pollution Research Act of 1988
Pub.L., 100-521, § 3, Oct. 24, 1988, 102 Stat. 2601 (Title 16, § 1642)
Foreign Operations, Export Financing, And Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1991
Pub.L., 101-513, Title VI § 607(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2072 (Title 16 §§ 1641, 1643)
Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (Farm Bill)
Pub.L., 101-624, Title XII, §§ (1241(a), (b), 1252, 104.Stat 3544, 3553 (Title 16 §§ 1642, 1648, 1649)
Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (Farm Bill)
June 13, 1998
SHORT TITLE
SEC.1. This Act may be cited as the “Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Research Act of 1978"
(16 U.S.C. 1640(note))
PURPOSE
SEC.2. (a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
(1) Forests and rangeland, and the resources of forests and rangeland, are of strategic economic and
ecological importance to the United States, and the Federal Government has an important and
substantial role in ensuring the continued health, productivity, and sustainability of the forests and
rangelands of the United States.
(2) Over 75 percent of the productive commercial forest land in the United States is privately owned,
with some 60 percent owned by small nonindustrial private owners. These 10,000,000 nonindustrial
private owners are critical to providing both commodity and noncommodity values to the citizens of
the United States.
(3) The National Forest System manages only 17 percent of the commercial timberland of the United
States, with over half of the standing softwoods inventory located on that land. Dramatic changes in
Federal agency policy during the early 1990's have significantly curtailed the management of this vast
timber resource, causing abrupt shifts in the supply of timber from public to private ownership. As a
result of these shifts in supply, some 60 percent of total wood production in the United States is now
coming from private forest land in the southern United States.
(4) At the same time that pressures are building for the removal of even more land from commercial
production, the Federal Government is significantly reducing its commitment to productivity-related
research regarding forests and rangeland, which is critically needed by the private sector for the
sustained management of remaining available timber and forage resources for the benefit of all
species.
(5) Uncertainty over the availability of the United States timber supply, increasing regulatory burdens,
and the lack of Federal Government support for research is causing domestic wood and paper
producers to move outside the United States to find reliable sources of wood supplies, which in turn
results in a worsening of the United States trade balance, the loss of employment and infrastructure
investments, and an increased risk of infestations of exotic pests and diseases from imported wood
products.

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(6) Wood and paper producers in the United States are being challenged not only by shifts in Federal
Government policy, but also by international competition from tropical countries where growth rates
of trees far exceed those in the United States. Wood production per acre will need to quadruple from
1996 levels for the United States forestry sector to remain internationally competitive on an ever
decreasing forest land base.
(7) Better and more frequent forest inventorying and analysis is necessary to identify productivityrelated forestry research needs and to provide forest managers with the current data necessary to make
timely and effective management decisions.
(b) High Priority Forestry and Rangeland Research and Education.--Section 3 of the Forest and
Rangeland Renewable Resources Research Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 1642) is amended by striking
subsection (d) and inserting the following:
(c) It is the purpose of the Act to authorize the Secretary to expand research activities to encompass
international forestry and natural resource issues on a global scale.
(d) High Priority Forestry and Rangeland Research and Education.-(1) In general.--The Secretary may conduct, support, and cooperate in forestry and rangeland research
and education that is of the highest priority to the United States and to users of public and private
forest land and rangeland in the United States.
(2) Priorities.--The research and education priorities include the
following:
(A) The biology of forest organisms and rangeland organisms.
(B) Functional characteristics and cost-effective management of forest and rangeland ecosystems.
(C) Interactions between humans and forests and rangeland.
(D) Wood and forage as a raw material.
(E) International trade, competition, and cooperation.
(3) Northeastern states research cooperative.--The Secretary may cooperate with the northeastern
States of New Hampshire, New York, Maine, and Vermont, land-grant colleges and universities of
those States, natural resources and forestry schools of those States, other Federal agencies, and other
interested persons in those States to coordinate and improve ecological and economic research relating
to agricultural research, extension, and education, including-(A) research on ecosystem health, forest management, product development, economics, and related
fields;
(B) research to assist those States and landowners in those States to achieve sustainable forest
management;
(C) technology transfer to the wood products industry of technologies that promote efficient
processing, pollution prevention, and energy conservation;
(D) dissemination of existing and new information to landowners, public and private resource
managers, State forest citizen advisory committees, and the general public through
professional associations, publications, and other information clearinghouse activities; and
(E) analysis of strategies for the protection of areas of outstanding ecological significance or high
biological diversity, and strategies for the provision of important recreational opportunities
and traditional uses, including strategies for areas identified through State land conservation
planning processes.''.

RESEARCH AUTHORIZATION
SEC. 3. (a) The Secretary is authorized to conduct, support, and investigate experiments tests, and other activities
the Secretary deems necessary to obtain, analyze, develop, demonstrate, and disseminate scientific information
about protecting, managing, and utilizing forest and rangeland renewable resources in rural, suburban, and urban
areas. The activities conducted, supported, or cooperated in by the Secretary under this Act but not be limited to,
the five major areas of renewable resource research identified in Paragraphs (1) through (5) of this subsection.
(1) Renewable resource management research shall include, as appropriate, research activities related to
managing, reproducing planting, and growing vegetation on forests and rangelands for timber, forage,

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water, fish and wildlife, esthetics, recreation, wilderness, energy production, activities related to energy
conservation, and other purposes including activities for encouraging improved reforestation of forest
lands from which timber has been harvested; determining the role of forest and rangeland management in
the productive use of forests and rangelands, in diversified agriculture, and in mining, transportation, and
other industries; developing alternatives for the management of forests and rangelands that will make
possible the most effective use of their multiple products and services.
(2) Renewable resource environmental research shall include, as appropriate, research activities related to
understanding and managing surface and subsurface water flow, preventing and controlling erosion, and
restoring damaged or disturbed soils on forest and rangeland watersheds; maintaining and improving
wildlife and fish habitats; managing vegetation to reduce air and water pollution, provide amenities, and
for other purposes; and understanding, predicting, and modifying weather, climatic and other
environmental conditions that affect the protection and management of forests and rangelands.
(3) Renewable resource protection research shall include, as appropriate, research activities related to
protecting vegetation and other forest and rangeland resources, including threatened and endangered
flora and fauna, as well as wood and wood products in storage or rise, from fires, insects, diseases,
noxious plants, animals, air pollutants, and other agents through biological, chemical, and mechanical
control methods and systems; and protecting people, natural resources, and property from fires in rural
areas.
(4) Renewable resource utilization research shall include, as appropriate, research activities related to
harvesting, transporting, processing, marketing, distributing, and utilizing wood and other materials
derived from forest and rangeland renewable resources; recycling and fully utilizing wood fiber;
producing and conserving energy; and testing forest products, including necessary field work associated
therewith.
(5) Renewable resource assessment research shall include, as appropriate, research activities related to
developing and applying scientific knowledge and technology in support of the survey and analysis of
forest and rangeland renewable resources described in subsection (b) of this section.
(b)(1)To ensure the availability of adequate data and scientific information for development of the periodic
Renewable Resource Assessment provided for in section 3 of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable
Planning Act of 1974, the Secretary of Agriculture shall make and keep current a comprehensive survey
and analysis of the present and prospective conditions of and requirements for renewable resources of the
forests and rangelands of the United States and of the supplies of such renewable resources, including a
determination of the present and potential productivity of the land, and of such other facts as may be
necessary and useful in the determination of ways and means needed to balance the demand for and supply
of these renewable resources, benefits, and uses in meeting the needs of the people of the United States.
The Secretary shall conduct the survey and analysis under such plans as the Secretary may determine to be
fair and equitable and cooperate with appropriate officials of each State and, either through hem or directly,
with private or other entities.
(2) In implementing this subsection, the Secretary is authorized to develop and implement improved
methods of survey and analysis of forest inventory information, for which purposes there are hereby
authorized to be appropriated annually $l0,000,000.
(c)(1) The Secretary, acting through the United States Forest Service, shall establish not later than 180
days after the date of the enactment of this subsection a 10-year program (hereinafter in this
subsection referred to as the 'Program') to—
(A) increase the frequency of forest inventories in matters that relate to atmospheric pollution and
conduct such surveys as are necessary to monitor long-term trends in the health and productivity
of domestic forest ecosystems;
(B) determine the scope of the decline in the health and productivity of domestic forest
ecosystems;

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(C) accelerate and expand existing research efforts (including basic forest ecosystem research) to
evaluate the effects of atmospheric pollutants on forest ecosystems and their role in the decline in
domestic forest health and productivity;
(D) study the relationship between atmospheric pollution and other climatological, chemical,
physical, and biological factors that may affect the health and productivity of domestic forest
ecosystems;
(E) develop recommendations for solving or mitigating problems related to the effects of
atmospheric pollution on the health and productivity of domestic forest ecosystems;
(F) foster cooperation among Federal, State, and private researchers and encourage the exchange
of scientific information on the effects of atmospheric pollutants on forest ecosystems among the
United States, Canada, European nations, and other nations;
(G) support the long-term funding of research programs and productivity of domestic forest
ecosystems and the effects of atmospheric pollutants on the health and productivity of domestic
forest ecosystems; and
(H) enlarge the Eastern Hardwood Cooperative by devoting additional resources to field analysis
of the response of hardwood species to atmospheric pollution, and other factors that may affect
the health and productivity of these ecosystems.
(2) The Secretary shall establish a committee to advise the Secretary in developing and carrying out
the Program, which shall be composed of scientists with training and experience in various disciplines,
including atmospheric, ecological, and biological sciences. Such scientists shall be selected from
among individuals who are actively performing research for Federal or State agencies or for private
industries, institutions, or organizations.
(3) The Secretary shall coordinate the Program with existing research efforts of Federal and State
agencies and private industries, institutions, or organizations.
(4) The Secretary shall submit to the President and to Congress the following re ports:
(A) Not less than 30 days before establishing the Program, the Secretary shall submit an initial
program report—
(i) discussing existing information about declining health and productivity of forest ecosystems
on public and private lands in North America and Europe;
(ii) outlining the findings and status of all current research and monitoring efforts in North
America and Europe on the causes and effects of atmospheric pollution on the health and
productivity of forest ecosystems;
(iii) describing the Program; and
(iv) estimating the cost of implementing the Program for each fiscal year of its duration.
(B) Not later than January 15,1990, and January 15 of each year thereafter, during which the
Program is in operation following the year in which the initial program report is submitted, the
Secretary shall submit an annual report—
(i) updating information about declining health and productivity of forest ecosystems on public
and private North America and Europe;
(ii) updating the findings and status of all current research and monitoring efforts in North
America and Europe on the causes and effects of atmospheric pollution on the health and
productivity of forest ecosystems, including efforts conducted under the Program;
(iii) recommending additional research and monitoring efforts to be undertaken under the
Program to determine the effects of atmospheric pollution on the health and productivity of
domestic forest ecosystems; and
(iv) recommending methods for solving or mitigating problems stemming from the effects of
atmospheric pollution on the health and productivity of domestic forest ecosystems.
(C) Not later than 10 years after the date on which the initial program report is submitted, the
Secretary shall submit a final report—
(i) reviewing existing information about declining health and productivity of forest ecosystems
on public and private lands in North America and Europe;

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(ii) reviewing the nature and findings of all research and monitoring efforts conducted under the
Program and any other relevant research and monitoring efforts related to the effects of
atmospheric pollution on forest ecosystem; and
(iii) making final recommendations for solving or mitigating problems stemming from the
effects of atmospheric pollution on the health and productivity of domestic forest ecosystems.
(d) The Secretary is authorized to conduct, support, and cooperate in studies and other activities the
Secretary deems necessary
(1) evaluate renewable resource management problems associated with urban-forest interface;
(2) assess effects of changes in Federal revenue codes on private forest management and
investment; and
(3) develop improved delivery systems for information and technical assistance provided to private
landowners.
(e) Forest Inventory and Analysis.-(1) Program required.--In compliance with other applicable provisions of law, the Secretary shall
establish a program to inventory and analyze, in a timely manner, public and private forests and their
resources in the United States.
(2) Annual state inventory.-(A) In general.--Not later than the end of each full fiscal year beginning after the date of
enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall prepare for each State, in cooperation with the
State forester for the State, an inventory of forests and their resources in the State.
(B) Sample plots.--For purposes of preparing the inventory for a State, the Secretary shall
measure annually 20 percent of all sample plots that are included in the inventory program for
that State.
(C) Compilation of inventory.--On completion of the inventory for a year, the Secretary shall
make available to the public a compilation of all data collected for that year from measurements
of sample plots as well as any analysis made of the samples.
(3) 5 -year reports.--Not more often than every 5 full fiscal years after the date of enactment of this
subsection, the Secretary shall prepare, publish, and make available to the public a report, prepared
in cooperation with State foresters, that-(A) contains a description of each State inventory of forests and their resources, incorporating
all sample plot measurements conducted during the 5 years covered by the report;
(B) displays and analyzes on a nationwide basis the results of the annual reports required by
paragraph (2); and
(C) contains an analysis of forest health conditions and trends over the previous 2 decades, with
an emphasis on such conditions and trends during the period subsequent to the immediately
preceding report under this paragraph.
(4) National standards and definitions.--To ensure uniform and
consistent data collection for all forest land that is publicly or privately owned and for each State,
the Secretary shall develop, in consultation with State foresters and Federal land management
agencies not under the jurisdiction of the Secretary, and publish national standards and definitions to
be applied in inventorying and analyzing forests and their resources under this subsection. The
standards shall include a core set of variables to be measured on all sample plots under paragraph (2)
and a standard set of tables to be included in the reports under paragraph (3).
(5) Protection for private property rights.--The Secretary shall obtain authorization from property
owners prior to collecting data from sample plots located on private property pursuant to paragraphs
(2) and (3).
(6) Strategic plan.--Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this subsection, the
Secretary shall prepare and submit to Congress a strategic plan to implement and carry out this
subsection, including the annual updates required by paragraph (2) and the reports required by
paragraph (3), that shall describe in detail-(A) the financial resources required to implement and carry out this subsection, including the
identification of any resources required in excess of the amounts provided for forest
inventorying and analysis in recent appropriations Acts;
(B) the personnel necessary to implement and carry out this subsection, including any personnel
in addition to personnel currently performing inventorying and analysis functions;

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(C) the organization and procedures necessary to implement and carry out this subsection,
including proposed coordination with Federal land management agencies and State foresters;
(D) the schedules for annual sample plot measurements in each State inventory required by
paragraph (2) within the first 5-year interval after the date of enactment of this subsection;
(E) the core set of variables to be measured in each sample plot under paragraph (2) and the
standard set of tables to be used in each State and national report under paragraph (3); and
(F) the process for employing, in coordination with the Secretary of Energy and the
Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, remote sensing, global
positioning systems, and other advanced technologies to carry out this subsection, and the
subsequent use of the technologies.
RESEARCH FACILITIES AND COOPERATION
Sec.4. (a) In implementing this Act, the Secretary is authorized to establish and maintain a system of experiment
stations, research laboratories, experimental areas, and other forest and rangeland research facilities. The
Secretary is authorized, with donated or appropriated funds, to acquire by lease, donation, purchase, exchange, or
otherwise, land or. interests in land within the United States needed to implement this Act, to make necessary
expenditures to examine, appraise, and survey such property, and to do all things incident to perfecting title
thereto in the United States.
(b) In implementing this Act, the Secretary is authorized to accept, hold, and administer gifts, donations, and
bequests of money, real property or personal property from any source not otherwise provided by law and
to use such gifts, donations, and bequests to establish or operate any forest and rangeland research facility
within the United States, or (2) perform any forest and rangeland renewable resource research activity
authorized by this Act. Such gifts, donations, and bequests, or the proceeds thereof, and money
appropriated for these purposes shall be deposited in the Treasury in a special fund. At the request of the
Secretary, the Secretary of the Treasury may invest or reinvest any money in the fund that in the opinion of
the Secretary is not needed for current operations. Such investments shall be in public debt securities with
maturities suitable for the needs of the fund and bearing interest at prevailing market rates. There are
hereby authorized to be expended from such fund such amounts as may be specified in annual
appropriation Acts, which shall remain available until expended.
(c) In implementing this Act, the Secretary may cooperate with international, Federal, State, and other
governmental agencies, with public or private agencies, institutions, universities, and organizations, and
with businesses and individuals in the United States and in other countries. The Secretary may receive
money and other contributions from cooperators under such conditions as the Secretary may prescribe.
Any money contributions received under this subsection shall be credited to the applicable appropriation or
fund to be used for the same purposes and shall remain available until expended as the Secretary may
direct for use in conducting research activities authorized by this Act and in making refunds to
contributors.
(d) The paragraph headed "Forest research:” under the center heading "FOREST SERVICE” and the center
subheading “SALARIES AND EXPENSES” of title I of the Department of Agriculture Appropriation Act,
1952 (65 Stat. 233; 16 U.S.C. 581a—1), . is amended by inserting a period immediately after the figure
"$5,108 603" and by striking all that follows in that paragraph.
COMPETITIVE RESEARCH GRANTS
SEC. 5. (a) Competitive Grant Authority.-- In addition to any grants made under other laws, the. Secretary is
authorized to make competitive grants that will further research activities authorized by this Act to Federal,
State, and other governmental agencies, public or private agencies, institutions, universities, and
organizations, and businesses and individuals in the United States. In making these grants, the Secretary
shall emphasize basic and applied research activities that are important to achieving the purposes of this
Act, and shall obtain, through review by qualified scientists and other methods, participation in research
activities by scientists throughout the United States who have expertise in matters related to forest and
rangeland renewable resources. Grants under this section shall be made at the discretion of the Secretary

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under whatever conditions the Secretary may prescribe, after publicly soliciting research proposals,
allowing sufficient time for submission of the proposals, and considering qualitative, quantitative,
financial, administrative, and other factors that the Secretary deems important in judging, comparing, and
accepting the proposals. The Secretary may reject any or all proposals received under this section if the
Secretary determines that it is in the public interest to do so.
(b) Emphasis on Certain High Priority Forestry Research.--The Secretary may use up to 5 percent of the
amounts made available for research under section 3 to make competitive grants regarding forestry
research in the high priority research areas identified under section 3(d).
(c) Emphasis on Certain High Priority Rangeland Research.--The Secretary may use up to 5 percent of
the amounts made available for research under section 3 to make competitive grants regarding
rangeland research in the high priority research areas identified under section 3(d).
(d) Priorities.--In making grants under subsections (b) and (c), the Secretary shall give priority to research
proposals under which-(1) the proposed research will be collaborative research organized
through a center of scientific excellence;
(2) the applicant agrees to provide matching funds (in the form of direct funding or in-kind support) in
an amount equal to not less than 50 percent of the grant amount; and
(3) the proposed research will be conducted as part of an existing private and public partnership or
cooperative research effort and involves several interested research partners.
GENERAL RESEARCH PROVISIONS
SEC. 6. (a) The Secretary may make funds available to cooperators and grantees under this Act without regard to
the provisions of section 3648 of the Revised Statutes (31 U.S.C. 529), which prohibits advances of public
money.
(b) To avoid duplication, the Secretary shall coordinate cooperative aid and grants under this Act with
cooperative aid and grants the Secretary makes under any other authority.
(c) The Secretary shall use the authorities and means available to the Secretary to disseminate the knowledge
and technology developed from research activities conducted under or supported by this Act. In meeting
this responsibility, the Secretary shall cooperate; as the Secretary deems appropriate, with the entities
identified in subsection (d) (3) of this section and with others.
(d) In implementing this Act, the Secretary; as the Secretary deems appropriate and practical, shall—
(1) use, and encourage cooperators and grantees to use, the best available scientific skills from a variety of
disciplines within and outside the fields of agriculture and forestry;
(2) seek, and encourage cooperators and grantees to seek, a proper mixture of short-term and long-term
research and a proper mixture of basic and applied research;
(3) avoid unnecessary duplication and coordinate activities under this section among agencies of the
Department of Agriculture and with other affected Federal departments and agencies, State
Agriculture experiment stations. State extension services, State forester's or equivalent State officials,
forestry schools, and private research organizations; and
(4) encourage the development, employment, retention, and exchange of qualified scientists and other
specialists through postgraduate, postdoctoral, and other training. national and international exchange
of scientists, and other incentives and programs to improve the quality of forest and rangeland
renewable resources research.
(e) This Act shall be construed as supplementing all other laws relating to the Department of Agriculture and
shall not be construed as limiting or repealing any existing law or authority of the Secretary except as
specifically cited in this Act.
(f) For the purposes of this Act, the terms “United States” and “State” shall include each of the several States,
the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands of the United States, the
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and the
territories and possessions of the United States.

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RESEARCH APPROPRIATIONS AUTHORIZATION
SEC. 7. There are hereby authorized to be appropriated annually such sums as may be needed to implement this
Act. Funds appropriated under this Act shall remain available until expended.
REPEAL OF MC SWEENEY-MC NARY ACT; REGULATIONS AND COORDINATION;
APPROPRIATIONS
SEC. 8. (a) The Act of May 22, 1928, known as the McSweeney-McNary Act (45 Stat. 699—702, as amended;
16 U.S.C. 581, 581a, 581b-581i), is hereby repealed.
(b) Contracts and cooperative and other agreements under the McSweeney-McMary Act shall remain in effect
until revoked or amended by their own terms or under other provisions of law.
(c) The Secretary is authorized to issue such rules and regulations the Secretary deems necessary to implement
the provisions of this Act and to coordinate this Act with title XIV of the Food and Agriculture Act of
1977.
(d) Funds appropriated under the authority of the McSweeney-McNary Act shall be available for expenditure
for the programs authorized under this Act.
SEC. 9. RECYCLING RESEARCH.
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds that—
(1) the United States is amassing vast amounts of solid wastes, which is presenting an increasing
problem for municipalities in locating suitable disposal sites;
(2) a large proportion of these wastes consists of paper and other wood wastes;
(3) less than one-third of these paper and wood wastes are recycled;
(4) additional recycling would result in reduced solid write landfill disposal and would contribute to
a reduced rate of removal of standing timber from forest lands; and
(5) additional research is needed to develop technological advances to address barriers to increased
recycling of paper and wood wastes and utilization of products consisting of recycled materials.
(b) RECYCLING RESEARCH PROGRAM.—The Secretary is authorized to conduct, support, and
cooperate in an expanded wood fiber r~ cycling research program, including the acquisition of
necessary equipment. The Secretary shall seek to ensure that the program includes the cooperation
and support of private industry and that program goals include the application of such research to
industry and consumer needs.
(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—In addition to any other funds made available to
implement section 3 of this Act, for the 5 year period beginning on October 1,1990, there are
authorized to he appropriated annually $10,000,000 to implement this section.
SEC. 10. FORESTRY STUDENT GRANT PROGRAM.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary shall establish a program, to be known as the `Forestry Student
Grant Program' (hereafter referred to in this section as the `Program'), to provide assistance to
expand the professional education of forestry, natural resources, and environmental scientists.
(b) STUDENT GRANTS.—Under the Program the Secretary shall provide assistance for the
establishment of a competitive grant fellowship program to assist graduate, and undergraduate
minority and female, students attending institutions having programs in forestry and natural
resources.

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(c) ELIGIBILITY.—The Secretary shall ensure that students concentrating in the following studies shall
be eligible for assistance under subsection (b):
(1) Forestry.
(2) Biology and forest organisms.
(3) Ecosystem function and management.
(4) Human-forest interaction.
(5) International trade, competition, and cooperation.
(6) Wood as a raw material.
(7) Economics and policy.
(d) AUTHORIZATION 0F APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized to be appropriated such sums
as may be necessary to carry out this section.
EFFECTIVE DATE
(Original) SEC. 9. The provisions of this Act shall become effective October 1, 1978
Approved June 30, 1978.

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