Crop Production Release

Crop Production
ISSN: 1936-3737

Released May 11, 2011, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA).

Winter Wheat Production Down 4 Percent from 2010
Orange Production Down 1 Percent from April

Winter wheat production is forecast at 1.42 billion bushels, down 4 percent from 2010. Expected area for harvest as grain
or seed totals 32.0 million acres, up 1 percent from last year. Based on May 1 conditions, the United States yield is
forecast at 44.5 bushels per acre, down 2.3 bushels from last year.
Hard Red Winter, at 762 million bushels, is down 25 percent from 2010. Soft Red Winter, at 427 million bushels, is up
80 percent from last year. White Winter is up 3 percent from last year and totals 235 million bushels. Of this total,
11.7 million bushels are Hard White and 224 million bushels are Soft White.
The United States all orange forecast for the 2010-2011 season is 8.82 million tons, down 1 percent from the April 1
forecast but 7 percent above the 2009-2010 final utilization. The Florida all orange forecast, at 140 million boxes
(6.30 million tons), is down 1 percent from the April 1 forecast but 5 percent above last season’s final utilization. Early,
midseason, and navel varieties in Florida are forecast at 70.0 million boxes (3.15 million tons), unchanged from April but
2 percent higher than last season. The Florida Valencia orange forecast, at 70.0 million boxes (3.15 million tons), is down
3 percent from the previous forecast but up 8 percent from the 2009-2010 crop. In Florida, fruit size is projected to be
below average while droppage is projected to be above average. The monthly row count survey indicated that harvest of
early, midseason, and navel oranges is complete, while approximately 50 percent of the Valencia crop is harvested.
California and Texas production forecasts are carried forward from April.
Florida frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) yield forecast for the 2010-2011 season is 1.58 gallons per box at
42.0 degrees Brix, unchanged from the April 1 forecast but up 1 percent from last season’s final yield of 1.56 gallons per
box. The early-midseason portion is final at 1.52 gallons per box, up 1 percent from last season’s yield of 1.51 gallons per
box. The Valencia portion is projected at 1.66 gallons per box, 2 percent higher than last year’s final yield of 1.63 gallons
per box. All projections of yield assume the processing relationships this season will be similar to those of the past several
seasons.

This report was approved on May 11, 2011.

Acting Secretary of
Agriculture
Kathleen A. Merrigan

2

Agricultural Statistics Board
Chairperson
Hubert Hamer

Crop Production (May 2011)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Contents
Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009, 2010, and
Forecasted May 1, 2011 .......................................................................................................................................................... 5
Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009, 2010, and
Forecasted May 1, 2011 .......................................................................................................................................................... 6
Wheat Production by Class – United States: 2009-2011 ........................................................................................................ 6
Hay Stocks on Farms – States and United States: December 1 and May 1, 2008-2011 ......................................................... 7
Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop – States and United States: 2009-2010 and Forecasted
May 1, 2011 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 9
Spring Potato Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2010 and
Forecasted May 1, 2011 ........................................................................................................................................................ 10
Bananas, Guavas, Papayas, and Taro Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – Hawaii: 2009 and 2010 ........................... 10
Peach Production by Crop – California: 2009, 2010, and Forecasted May 1, 2011 ............................................................. 10
Almonds Utilized Production – California: 2009, 2010, and Forecasted May 1, 2011 ........................................................ 10
Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009 and 2010 ............................................. 11
Tobacco Price and Value – States and United States: 2009 and 2010 .................................................................................. 11
Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type – States and United States: 2009 and 2010 ............... 12
Tobacco Price and Value by Class and Type – States and United States: 2009 and 2010 ................................................... 13
Cotton Area Planted, Harvested, and Yield by Type – States and United States: 2009 and 2010........................................ 14
Cotton Production and Bales Ginned by Type – States and United States: 2009 and 2010 ................................................. 15
Cottonseed Production and Farm Disposition – States and United States: 2009 and 2010 .................................................. 16
Cotton Harvest Loss per Acre – Selected States: 2006-2010................................................................................................ 16
Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts – Selected States: 2006-2010 ............................................................................................ 17
Crop Area Planted and Harvested – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Domestic Units) ......................................................... 18
Crop Yield and Production – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Domestic Units) .................................................................... 19
Crop Area Planted and Harvested – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Metric Units) .............................................................. 20
Crop Yield and Production – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Metric Units) ........................................................................ 21
Fruits and Nuts Production – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Domestic Units) .................................................................... 22
Fruits and Nuts Production – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Metric Units) ........................................................................ 23

Crop Production (May 2011)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

3

Percent of Normal Precipitation ............................................................................................................................................ 24
Departure from Normal Temperature.................................................................................................................................... 24
April Weather Summary ....................................................................................................................................................... 25
April Agricultural Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 25
Crop Comments .................................................................................................................................................................... 27
Statistical Methodology......................................................................................................................................................... 31
Information Contacts ............................................................................................................................................................. 33

4

Crop Production (May 2011)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Winter Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009, 2010, and
Forecasted May 1, 2011
State

Area harvested

Yield per acre

Production

2010

2011

2010

2011

2009

2010

2011

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(bushels)

(bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

Arkansas ..........................
California ..........................
Colorado ...........................
Georgia ............................
Idaho ................................
Illinois ...............................
Indiana .............................
Kansas .............................
Kentucky ...........................
Maryland ...........................

150
360
2,350
125
710
295
230
8,000
250
135

450
460
2,150
180
790
730
390
7,700
410
220

54.0
80.0
45.0
40.0
82.0
56.0
60.0
45.0
66.0
60.0

52.0
85.0
30.0
49.0
79.0
61.0
64.0
34.0
66.0
67.0

17,160
26,400
98,000
10,500
56,700
45,920
30,150
369,600
22,230
11,700

8,100
28,800
105,750
5,000
58,220
16,520
13,800
360,000
16,500
8,100

23,400
39,100
64,500
8,820
62,410
44,530
24,960
261,800
27,060
14,740

Michigan ...........................
Mississippi ........................
Missouri ............................
Montana ...........................
Nebraska ..........................
New York ..........................
North Carolina ..................
North Dakota ....................
Ohio ..................................
Oklahoma .........................

510
100
280
1,950
1,490
100
380
320
750
3,900

680
300
720
2,150
1,350
105
630
310
860
3,400

70.0
47.0
45.0
48.0
43.0
67.0
37.0
55.0
61.0
31.0

73.0
53.0
52.0
44.0
42.0
64.0
57.0
54.0
69.0
22.0

39,330
8,250
34,310
89,540
76,800
6,825
29,400
26,160
70,560
77,000

35,700
4,700
12,600
93,600
64,070
6,700
14,060
17,600
45,750
120,900

49,640
15,900
37,440
94,600
56,700
6,720
35,910
16,740
59,340
74,800

Oregon .............................
Pennsylvania ....................
South Carolina ..................
South Dakota ....................
Tennessee ........................
Texas ...............................
Virginia .............................
Washington ......................
Wisconsin .........................

810
150
130
1,300
180
3,750
160
1,710
230

810
160
190
1,550
260
1,800
260
1,770
305

67.0
59.0
36.0
49.0
53.0
34.0
51.0
69.0
64.0

69.0
59.0
47.0
46.0
57.0
26.0
66.0
65.0
67.0

42,000
9,800
7,050
64,260
17,340
61,250
12,180
96,760
21,420

54,270
8,850
4,680
63,700
9,540
127,500
8,160
117,990
14,720

55,890
9,440
8,930
71,300
14,820
46,800
17,160
115,050
20,435

Other States 1 ...................

944

949

41.7

47.9

46,013

39,356

45,422

United States ....................

31,749

32,039

46.8

44.5

1,524,608

1,485,236

1,424,357

1

Other States include Alabama, Arizona, Delaware, Florida, Iowa, Louisiana, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Utah, West Virginia, and
Wyoming. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Small Grains 2011 Summary report.

Crop Production (May 2011)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

5

Durum Wheat Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009, 2010, and
Forecasted May 1, 2011
[Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun. Area harvested for the United States and remaining States will be published in Acreage
released June 2011. Yield and production will be published in Crop Production released July 2011]
State

Area harvested

Yield per acre

Production

2010

2011

2010

2011

2009

2010

2011

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(bushels)

(bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

12,400
17,000
16,585
61,230

9,085
11,550
18,020
66,750

7,245
15,950

Arizona ...........................
California ........................
Montana ..........................
North Dakota ...................

79
105
530
1,780

Other States 1 .................

35

50.7

1,827

1,775

United States ..................

2,529

42.4

109,042

107,180

1

69
145

115.0
110.0
34.0
37.5

105.0
110.0

Other States include Idaho and South Dakota. Individual State level estimates will be published in the Small Grains 2011 Summary.

Wheat Production by Class – United States: 2009-2011
[Wheat class estimates are based on the latest available data including both surveys and administrative data. The previous end-of-year season class
percentages are used throughout the forecast season for States that do not have survey or administrative data available. Blank cells indicate
estimation period has not yet begun]
Crop

2009

2010

2011

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

(1,000 bushels)

Winter
Hard red ...............................
Soft red ................................
Hard white ............................
Soft white .............................

919,939
403,984
18,248
182,437

1,018,337
237,804
13,496
215,599

Spring
Hard red ...............................
Hard white ............................
Soft white .............................
Durum ..................................

547,933
7,865
28,613
109,042

569,975
9,256
36,744
107,180

Total ....................................

2,218,061

2,208,391

6

761,954
427,123
11,675
223,605

Crop Production (May 2011)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Hay Stocks on Farms – States and United States: December 1 and May 1, 2008-2011
State

December 1

May 1

2008

2009

2010

2009

2010

2011

(1,000 tons)

(1,000 tons)

(1,000 tons)

(1,000 tons)

(1,000 tons)

(1,000 tons)

Alabama .........................
Arizona ...........................
Arkansas ........................
California ........................
Colorado .........................
Connecticut ....................
Delaware ........................
Florida ............................
Georgia ..........................
Idaho ..............................

1,540
475
3,020
2,380
1,975
65
20
587
1,319
2,012

1,700
500
2,900
2,400
2,500
71
29
535
1,374
2,750

1,200
365
2,050
1,850
2,000
45
19
477
1,360
2,300

375
50
570
470
400
9
4
58
238
450

192
60
340
432
650
14
4
40
210
775

187
40
380
160
450
12
3
45
188
280

Illinois .............................
Indiana ...........................
Iowa ................................
Kansas ...........................
Kentucky .........................
Louisiana ........................
Maine .............................
Maryland .........................
Massachusetts ................
Michigan .........................

1,386
1,191
3,918
5,700
4,169
921
145
431
77
1,998

1,400
1,360
3,100
5,400
4,905
710
134
350
75
1,451

1,310
1,200
3,050
4,500
4,392
700
120
310
63
2,000

300
185
750
1,350
465
60
18
111
12
450

310
198
420
1,200
1,006
60
34
60
9
330

320
225
610
1,000
799
110
23
65
10
420

Minnesota .......................
Mississippi ......................
Missouri ..........................
Montana .........................
Nebraska ........................
Nevada ...........................
New Hampshire ..............
New Jersey .....................
New Mexico ....................
New York ........................

3,891
1,365
7,744
3,831
4,115
1,000
70
94
600
1,453

3,570
1,058
8,280
4,100
4,490
1,012
45
102
570
1,582

3,700
1,175
6,500
5,500
4,700
819
40
110
520
1,744

790
214
2,050
590
935
170
8
26
105
420

630
90
1,250
720
1,000
310
7
46
125
400

810
137
1,325
1,300
1,335
46
6
17
100
273

North Carolina ................
North Dakota ..................
Ohio ................................
Oklahoma .......................
Oregon ...........................
Pennsylvania ..................
Rhode Island ..................
South Carolina ................
South Dakota ..................
Tennessee ......................

962
4,032
1,992
4,595
1,561
2,500
10
451
7,660
3,038

1,523
5,500
2,013
4,435
2,200
2,400
8
590
8,290
3,219

1,157
5,370
1,790
4,550
2,100
1,950
8
490
7,850
2,985

311
700
325
1,000
270
700
1
115
1,900
552

296
1,310
350
650
420
680
2
130
2,190
678

253
1,250
390
1,200
280
340
1
110
1,850
746

Texas .............................
Utah ................................
Vermont ..........................
Virginia ...........................
Washington ....................
West Virginia ..................
Wisconsin .......................
Wyoming ........................

8,483
1,300
175
2,174
1,182
916
3,603
1,532

7,700
1,330
204
1,940
1,418
938
3,021
2,040

9,500
1,050
180
1,660
1,607
790
3,278
1,700

2,100
285
37
450
350
156
950
230

1,100
245
50
350
280
125
753
400

2,500
144
48
402
350
190
1,122
365

United States ..................

103,658

107,222

102,134

22,065

20,931

22,217

Crop Production (May 2011)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

7

This page intentionally left blank.

8

Crop Production (May 2011)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Utilized Production of Citrus Fruits by Crop – States and United States: 2009-2010 and
Forecasted May 1, 2011
[The crop year begins with the bloom of the first year shown and ends with the completion of harvest the following year]
Crop and State

Utilized production boxes

1

Utilized production ton equivalent

2009-2010

2010-2011

2009-2010

2010-2011

(1,000 boxes)

(1,000 boxes)

(1,000 tons)

(1,000 tons)

Oranges
Early, mid, and navel 2
California 3 ........................................
Florida ..............................................
Texas 3 .............................................

42,500
68,600
1,360

48,000
70,000
1,480

1,594
3,087
58

1,920
3,150
63

United States ....................................

112,460

119,480

4,739

5,133

Valencia
California 3 ........................................
Florida ..............................................
Texas 3 .............................................

15,000
65,100
275

13,000
70,000
285

563
2,930
12

520
3,150
12

United States ....................................

80,375

83,285

3,505

3,682

California 3 ........................................
Florida ..............................................
Texas 3 .............................................

57,500
133,700
1,635

61,000
140,000
1,765

2,157
6,017
70

2,440
6,300
75

United States ....................................

192,835

202,765

8,244

8,815

Grapefruit
White
Florida ..............................................

6,000

5,600

255

238

Colored
Florida ..............................................

14,300

14,000

608

595

California 3 ........................................
Florida ..............................................
Texas 3 .............................................

4,500
20,300
5,600

3,500
19,600
5,900

151
863
224

140
833
236

United States ....................................

30,400

29,000

1,238

1,209

Tangerines and mandarins
Arizona 3 4 .............................................
California 3 4 ..........................................
Florida ..................................................

350
9,900
4,450

300
9,600
4,600

13
371
211

12
384
219

United States ........................................

14,700

14,500

595

615

Lemons 3
Arizona .................................................
California ..............................................

2,200
21,000

2,500
21,000

84
798

100
840

United States ........................................

23,200

23,500

882

940

Tangelos
Florida ..................................................

900

1,150

41

52

All

All

1

Net pounds per box: oranges in California-80 (75 prior to the 2010-2011 crop year), Florida-90, Texas-85; grapefruit in California-80 (67 prior to the
2010-2011 crop year), Florida-85, Texas-80; lemons-80 (76 prior to the 2010-2011 crop year), tangelos-90; tangerines and mandarins in Arizona and
California-80 (75 prior to the 2010-2011 crop year), Florida-95.
2
Navel and miscellaneous varieties in California. Early (including navel) and midseason varieties in Florida and Texas. Small quantities of tangerines
in Texas and Temples in Florida.
3
Estimates for current year carried forward from previous forecast.
4
Includes tangelos and tangors.

Crop Production (May 2011)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

9

Spring Potato Area Planted, Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2010 and
Forecasted May 1, 2011
Area planted

State

Area harvested

Yield per acre

2010

2011

2010

2011

2010
(cwt)

Production

2011
(cwt)

2010

2011

(1,000 cwt)

(1,000 cwt)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

Arizona ...................
California ................
Florida .....................
Hastings area ......
Other areas .........
North Carolina .........
Texas ......................

3.7
27.1
33.2
21.5
11.7
16.0
8.8

3.8
29.0
35.4
22.4
13.0
17.0
7.9

3.7
27.0
31.8
20.3
11.5
15.0
8.4

3.8
29.0
33.7
21.2
12.5
16.5
7.5

280
405
250
250
250
195
235

290
370
256
265
240
210
230

1,036
10,935
7,950
5,075
2,875
2,925
1,974

1,102
10,730
8,618
5,618
3,000
3,465
1,725

United States ..........

88.8

93.1

85.9

90.5

289

283

24,820

25,640

Bananas, Guavas, Papayas, and Taro Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – Hawaii: 2009 and 2010
Area harvested

Crop

2009

Yield per acre
2010

(acres)

2009

(acres)

Production
2010

(1,000 pounds)

(1,000 pounds)

2009

2010

(1,000 pounds)

(1,000 pounds)

Bananas 1 ......................

1,100

1,100

16.8

16.2

18,500

17,800

Guavas 1 ........................

135

115

15.6

11.3

2,100

1,300

......................

1,325

1,350

23.8

22.3

31,500

30,100

Taro 2 .............................

445

475

(NA)

(NA)

4,000

3,900

Papayas

1

(NA) Not available.
1
Only utilized production is estimated.
2
Area is total acres in crop, not harvested acres.

Peach Production by Crop – California: 2009, 2010, and Forecasted May 1, 2011
State

Total production
2009

2010

(tons)

2011

(tons)

(tons)

Freestone .......................................

350,000

385,000

385,000

Clingstone 1 .....................................

469,000

432,000

430,000

Total ...............................................

819,000

817,000

815,000

1

California Clingstone is over-the-scale tonnage and includes culls and cannery diversions.

Almonds Utilized Production – California: 2009, 2010, and Forecasted May 1, 2011
State

Utilized production (shelled basis)
2009

2010

(1,000 pounds)
California ........................................

10

2011

(1,000 pounds)
1,410,000

(1,000 pounds)
1,650,000

1,750,000

Crop Production (May 2011)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production – States and United States: 2009 and 2010
Area harvested

State

Yield per acre

Production

2009

2010

2009

2010

2009

2010

(acres)

(acres)

(pounds)

(pounds)

(1,000 pounds)

(1,000 pounds)

Connecticut .........................................
Georgia ...............................................
Kentucky ..............................................
Massachusetts .....................................
North Carolina .....................................
Ohio .....................................................
Pennsylvania .......................................
South Carolina .....................................
Tennessee ...........................................
Virginia ................................................

1,900
13,800
88,700
390
177,400
3,400
8,200
18,500
21,600
20,150

2,600
11,400
85,200
950
168,300
2,500
8,500
16,000
22,300
19,750

1,277
2,030
2,333
1,500
2,389
2,000
2,276
2,100
2,313
2,309

1,665
2,400
2,133
1,768
2,095
2,050
2,349
2,250
2,051
2,243

2,426
28,014
206,900
585
423,856
6,800
18,660
38,850
49,960
46,530

4,329
27,360
181,760
1,680
352,625
5,125
19,965
36,000
45,740
44,299

United States .......................................

354,040

337,500

2,323

2,130

822,581

718,883

Tobacco Price and Value – States and United States: 2009 and 2010
State

Price per pound
2009

Value of production
2010

(dollars)

(dollars)

2009

2010

(1,000 dollars)

(1,000 dollars)

Connecticut ...........................................................
Georgia .................................................................
Kentucky ................................................................
Massachusetts .......................................................
North Carolina .......................................................
Ohio .......................................................................
Pennsylvania .........................................................
South Carolina .......................................................
Tennessee .............................................................
Virginia ..................................................................

(D)
1.700
1.852
(D)
1.759
1.650
1.674
1.760
2.096
1.744

(D)
1.730
1.677
(D)
1.671
1.630
1.675
1.760
2.085
1.772

(D)
47,624
383,208
(D)
745,736
11,220
31,239
68,376
104,735
81,150

(D)
47,333
309,468
(D)
589,085
8,354
33,445
63,360
94,140
78,479

United States 1 .......................................................

1.837

1.747

1,511,196

1,253,884

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
1
Excludes estimated 2010 Connecticut Valley Shade-grown value of production for Connecticut and Massachusetts.

Crop Production (May 2011)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

11

Tobacco Area Harvested, Yield, and Production by Class and Type – States and United States:
2009 and 2010
Class, type, and State

Area harvested
2009

Yield per acre

2010

(acres)

2009

(acres)

Production

2010

2009

2010

(pounds)

(pounds)

(1,000
pounds)

(1,000
pounds)

Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14)
Georgia ..................................................................................
North Carolina ........................................................................
South Carolina .......................................................................
Virginia ...................................................................................

13,800
174,000
18,500
17,500

11,400
166,000
16,000
17,500

2,030
2,400
2,100
2,340

2,400
2,100
2,250
2,280

28,014
417,600
38,850
40,950

27,360
348,600
36,000
39,900

United States .........................................................................

223,800

210,900

2,348

2,143

525,414

451,860

Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23)
Kentucky ................................................................................
Tennessee .............................................................................
Virginia ...................................................................................

9,100
6,400
650

8,800
6,200
650

3,500
3,100
2,000

3,300
2,900
2,090

31,850
19,840
1,300

29,040
17,980
1,359

United States .........................................................................

16,150

15,650

3,281

3,091

52,990

48,379

Class 3A, Light air-cured
Type 31, Burley
Kentucky ............................................................................
North Carolina ....................................................................
Ohio ...................................................................................
Pennsylvania ......................................................................
Tennessee .........................................................................
Virginia ...............................................................................

75,000
3,400
3,400
4,100
14,000
2,000

72,000
2,300
2,500
4,200
15,000
1,600

2,150
1,840
2,000
2,300
1,920
2,140

1,950
1,750
2,050
2,400
1,660
1,900

161,250
6,256
6,800
9,430
26,880
4,280

140,400
4,025
5,125
10,080
24,900
3,040

United States .....................................................................

101,900

97,600

2,109

1,922

214,896

187,570

Type 32, Southern Maryland
Pennsylvania ......................................................................

2,100

2,200

2,300

2,250

4,830

4,950

Total light air-cured (31-32) .................................................

104,000

99,800

2,113

1,929

219,726

192,520

Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37) .........................................
Kentucky ................................................................................
Tennessee .............................................................................

4,600
1,200

4,400
1,100

3,000
2,700

2,800
2,600

13,800
3,240

12,320
2,860

United States .........................................................................

5,800

5,500

2,938

2,760

17,040

15,180

Class 4, Cigar filler
Pennsylvania ......................................................................

2,000

2,100

2,200

2,350

4,400

4,935

Class 5, Cigar binder
Type 51, Connecticut Valley Broadleaf
Connecticut ........................................................................
Massachusetts ...................................................................

1,100
300

1,950
850

1,260
1,620

1,720
1,800

1,386
486

3,354
1,530

United States .....................................................................

1,400

2,800

1,337

1,744

1,872

4,884

Class 6, Cigar wrapper
Type 61, Connecticut Valley Shade-grown
Connecticut ........................................................................
Massachusetts ...................................................................

800
90

650
100

1,300
1,100

1,500
1,500

1,040
99

975
150

United States .....................................................................

890

750

1,280

1,500

1,139

1,125

Total cigar types (41-61) ......................................................

4,290

5,650

1,728

1,937

7,411

10,944

All tobacco
United States .........................................................................

354,040

337,500

2,323

2,130

822,581

718,883

12

Crop Production (May 2011)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Tobacco Price and Value by Class and Type – States and United States: 2009 and 2010
Class, type, and State

Price per pound

Value of production

2009

2010

2009

2010

(dollars)

(dollars)

(1,000 dollars)

(1,000 dollars)

Class 1, Flue-cured (11-14)
Georgia ....................................................................................
North Carolina ..........................................................................
South Carolina ..........................................................................
Virginia .....................................................................................

1.700
1.760
1.760
1.730

1.730
1.670
1.760
1.770

47,624
734,976
68,376
70,844

47,333
582,162
63,360
70,623

United States ............................................................................

1.754

1.690

921,820

763,478

Class 2, Fire-cured (21-23)
Kentucky ...................................................................................
Tennessee ................................................................................
Virginia .....................................................................................

2.450
2.520
2.100

2.450
2.530
2.000

78,033
49,997
2,730

71,148
45,489
2,718

United States ............................................................................

2.468

2.467

130,760

119,355

Class 3A, Light air-cured
Type 31, Burley
Kentucky ...............................................................................
North Carolina ......................................................................
Ohio ......................................................................................
Pennsylvania ........................................................................
Tennessee ............................................................................
Virginia .................................................................................

1.700
1.720
1.650
1.700
1.770
1.770

1.500
1.720
1.630
1.700
1.700
1.690

274,125
10,760
11,220
16,031
47,578
7,576

210,600
6,923
8,354
17,136
42,330
5,138

United States ........................................................................

1.709

1.549

367,290

290,481

Type 32, Southern Maryland
Pennsylvania ........................................................................

1.600

1.550

7,728

7,673

Total light air-cured (31-32) ....................................................

1.707

1.549

375,018

298,154

Class 3B, Dark air-cured (35-37)
Kentucky ...................................................................................
Tennessee ................................................................................

2.250
2.210

2.250
2.210

31,050
7,160

27,720
6,321

United States ............................................................................

2.242

2.242

38,210

34,041

Class 4, Cigar filler
Pennsylvania ........................................................................

1.700

1.750

7,480

8,636

Class 5, Cigar binder
Type 51, Connecticut Valley Broadleaf
Connecticut ...........................................................................
Massachusetts ......................................................................

5.000
5.150

6.250
6.050

6,930
2,503

20,963
9,257

United States ........................................................................

5.039

6.188

9,433

30,220

Class 6, Cigar wrapper
Type 61, Connecticut Valley Shade-grown
Connecticut ...........................................................................
Massachusetts ......................................................................

(D)
(D)

(D)
(D)

(D)
(D)

(D)
(D)

United States ........................................................................

25.000

(NA)

28,475

(NA)

Total cigar types (41-61) .........................................................

6.124

(NA)

45,388

(NA)

All tobacco 1
United States ............................................................................

1.837

1.747

1,511,196

1,253,884

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(NA) Not available.
1
The 2010 price and value exclude Connecticut Valley Shade-grown.

Crop Production (May 2011)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

13

Cotton Area Planted, Harvested, and Yield by Type – States and United States: 2009 and 2010
Type and State

Area planted

Area harvested

Yield per acre

2009

2010

2009

2010

2009

2010

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(pounds)

(pounds)

Upland
Alabama .............................
Arizona ...............................
Arkansas .............................
California ............................
Florida .................................
Georgia ...............................
Kansas ................................
Louisiana ............................
Mississippi ..........................
Missouri ..............................

255.0
145.0
520.0
71.0
82.0
1,000.0
38.0
230.0
305.0
272.0

340.0
195.0
545.0
124.0
92.0
1,330.0
51.0
255.0
420.0
310.0

248.0
144.0
500.0
70.0
78.0
990.0
34.0
225.0
290.0
260.0

338.0
193.0
540.0
123.0
89.0
1,315.0
50.0
249.0
410.0
308.0

668
1,477
818
1,646
723
902
748
745
687
927

682
1,517
1,045
1,483
766
821
787
842
993
1,068

New Mexico ........................
North Carolina .....................
Oklahoma ...........................
South Carolina ....................
Tennessee ..........................
Texas ..................................
Virginia ................................

31.1
375.0
205.0
115.0
300.0
5,000.0
64.0

48.0
550.0
285.0
202.0
390.0
5,550.0
83.0

29.5
370.0
195.0
114.0
280.0
3,500.0
63.0

47.0
545.0
270.0
201.0
387.0
5,350.0
82.0

1,172
990
785
872
843
634
1,052

1,174
838
750
898
845
703
732

United States ......................

9,008.1

10,770.0

7,390.5

10,497.0

766

805

American Pima
Arizona ...............................
California ............................
New Mexico ........................
Texas ..................................

1.6
119.0
2.8
18.0

2.5
182.0
2.7
17.0

1.6
116.0
2.8
17.8

2.5
180.0
2.7
16.5

1,170
1,494
686
836

845
1,237
836
902

United States ......................

141.4

204.2

138.2

201.7

1,389

1,200

All
Alabama .............................
Arizona ...............................
Arkansas .............................
California ............................
Florida .................................
Georgia ...............................
Kansas ................................
Louisiana ............................
Mississippi ..........................
Missouri ..............................

255.0
146.6
520.0
190.0
82.0
1,000.0
38.0
230.0
305.0
272.0

340.0
197.5
545.0
306.0
92.0
1,330.0
51.0
255.0
420.0
310.0

248.0
145.6
500.0
186.0
78.0
990.0
34.0
225.0
290.0
260.0

338.0
195.5
540.0
303.0
89.0
1,315.0
50.0
249.0
410.0
308.0

668
1,473
818
1,551
723
902
748
745
687
927

682
1,509
1,045
1,337
766
821
787
842
993
1,068

New Mexico ........................
North Carolina .....................
Oklahoma ...........................
South Carolina ....................
Tennessee ..........................
Texas ..................................
Virginia ................................

33.9
375.0
205.0
115.0
300.0
5,018.0
64.0

50.7
550.0
285.0
202.0
390.0
5,567.0
83.0

32.3
370.0
195.0
114.0
280.0
3,517.8
63.0

49.7
545.0
270.0
201.0
387.0
5,366.5
82.0

1,129
990
785
872
843
635
1,052

1,156
838
750
898
845
704
732

United States ......................

9,149.5

10,974.2

7,528.7

10,698.7

777

812

14

Crop Production (May 2011)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Cotton Production and Bales Ginned by Type – States and United States: 2009 and 2010
Type and State

Production in
480-pound net weight
bales 1

Bales ginned in
480-pound net weight
bales 3

Lint seed
ratio 2

2009

2010

2009

2010

2009

2010

(1,000 bales)

(1,000 bales)

(ratio)

(ratio)

(bales)

(bales)

Upland
Alabama .............................
Arizona ...............................
Arkansas ............................
California ............................
Florida ................................
Georgia ..............................
Kansas ...............................
Louisiana ............................
Mississippi ..........................
Missouri ..............................

345.0
443.0
852.0
240.0
117.5
1,860.0
53.0
349.0
415.0
502.0

480.0
610.0
1,176.0
380.0
142.0
2,250.0
82.0
437.0
848.0
685.0

(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)

(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)

340,400
433,850
819,150
248,900
93,000
1,882,200
44,250
348,850
406,100
534,850

473,950
577,200
1,128,250
411,050
120,950
2,279,450
83,550
446,650
832,800
727,050

New Mexico ........................
North Carolina ....................
Oklahoma ...........................
South Carolina ....................
Tennessee ..........................
Texas .................................
Virginia ...............................

72.0
763.0
319.0
207.0
492.0
4,620.0
138.1

115.0
951.0
422.0
376.0
681.0
7,840.0
125.0

(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)

(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)

30,200
779,250
316,300
201,050
497,650
4,671,650
123,900

44,250
971,650
406,400
367,400
681,250
7,920,200
110,550

United States ......................

11,787.6

17,600.0

(NA)

(NA)

11,771,550

17,582,600

American Pima
Arizona ...............................
California ............................
New Mexico ........................
Texas .................................

3.9
361.0
4.0
31.0

4.4
464.0
4.7
31.0

(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)

(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)

4,050
359,750
5,200
30,050

4,350
463,650
5,850
29,450

United States ......................

399.9

504.1

(NA)

(NA)

399,050

503,300

All
Alabama .............................
Arizona ...............................
Arkansas ............................
California ............................
Florida ................................
Georgia ..............................
Kansas ...............................
Louisiana ............................
Mississippi ..........................
Missouri ..............................

345.0
446.9
852.0
601.0
117.5
1,860.0
53.0
349.0
415.0
502.0

480.0
614.4
1,176.0
844.0
142.0
2,250.0
82.0
437.0
848.0
685.0

(NA)
(NA)
0.410
(NA)
(NA)
0.444
(NA)
0.431
0.416
(NA)

(NA)
(NA)
0.412
(NA)
(NA)
0.440
(NA)
0.433
0.418
(NA)

340,400
437,900
819,150
608,650
93,000
1,882,200
44,250
348,850
406,100
534,850

473,950
581,550
1,128,250
874,700
120,950
2,279,450
83,550
446,650
832,800
727,050

New Mexico ........................
North Carolina ....................
Oklahoma ...........................
South Carolina ....................
Tennessee ..........................
Texas .................................
Virginia ...............................

76.0
763.0
319.0
207.0
492.0
4,651.0
138.1

119.7
951.0
422.0
376.0
681.0
7,871.0
125.0

(NA)
0.434
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
0.410
(NA)

(NA)
0.437
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
0.410
(NA)

35,400
779,250
316,300
201,050
497,650
4,701,700
123,900

50,100
971,650
406,400
367,400
681,250
7,949,650
110,550

United States ......................

12,187.5

18,104.1

(NA)

(NA)

12,170,600

18,085,900

(NA) Not available.
1
Production ginned and to be ginned.
2
Estimates available only for the 6 States shown. Based on a three-year average.
3
Equivalent 480-pound net weight bales ginned, not adjusted for cross-state movement.

Crop Production (May 2011)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

15

Cottonseed Production and Farm Disposition – States and United States: 2009 and 2010
Farm disposition
Production

State

Sales to
oil mills

Seed for
planting 2

Other 1

2009

2010

2009

2010

2009

2010

2009

(1,000 tons)

(1,000 tons)

2010

(1,000 tons)

(1,000 tons)

(1,000 tons)

(1,000 tons)

(1,000 tons)

(1,000 tons)

Alabama ......................
Arizona ........................
Arkansas ......................
California .....................
Florida ..........................
Georgia ........................
Kansas .........................
Louisiana .....................
Mississippi ...................
Missouri .......................

114.0
161.4
294.0
275.0
34.5
539.1
19.0
108.0
134.0
192.5

149.0
219.5
404.0
330.0
40.0
704.0
30.0
138.0
291.0
237.0

11.0
253.0
29.0
332.6
75.0
118.5
127.0

15.0
331.0
75.0
32.0
379.0
94.0
226.0
155.0

103.0
161.4
41.0
275.0
5.5
206.5
19.0
33.0
15.5
65.5

134.0
219.5
73.0
255.0
8.0
325.0
30.0
44.0
65.0
82.0

1.7
1.5
3.5
2.7
0.5
6.7
0.3
2.3
2.7
1.9

2.1
1.8
4.0
3.4
0.5
7.3
0.3
2.6
3.4
2.2

New Mexico .................
North Carolina ..............
Oklahoma ....................
South Carolina .............
Tennessee ...................
Texas ...........................
Virginia .........................

25.4
244.6
108.4
64.3
157.9
1,634.0
42.7

41.6
287.0
146.0
123.0
235.0
2,685.0
38.0

41.1
96.8
40.6
140.5
1,012.8
-

49.0
122.0
75.0
227.0
1,474.0
-

25.4
203.5
11.6
23.7
17.4
621.2
42.7

41.6
238.0
24.0
48.0
8.0
1,211.0
38.0

0.4
3.9
1.6
0.8
2.6
36.2
0.7

0.5
5.3
1.8
1.0
3.1
39.8
1.1

United States ...............

4,148.8

6,098.1

2,277.9

3,254.0

1,870.9

2,844.1

70.0

80.2

- Represents zero.
1
Includes planting seed, feed, exports, inter-farm sales, shrinkage, losses, and other uses.
2
Included in "other" farm disposition. Seed for planting is produced in crop year shown, but used in the following year.

Cotton Objective Yield Data
The National Agricultural Statistics Service conducted objective yield surveys in six cotton-producing States during 2010.
Randomly selected plots in cotton fields were visited monthly from August through harvest to obtain specific counts and
measurements. Data in this table are actual field counts from this survey.

Cotton Harvest Loss per Acre – Selected States: 2006-2010
State

Arkansas ..............................
Georgia ................................
Louisiana .............................
Mississippi ...........................
North Carolina ......................
Texas ...................................

16

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(pounds)

(pounds)

(pounds)

(pounds)

(pounds)

93
183
127
68
184
56

146
185
136
103
134
52

144
146
147
118
195
65

198
186
135
116
150
37

99
139
118
107
188
63

Crop Production (May 2011)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Cotton Cumulative Boll Counts – Selected States: 2006-2010
[Includes small bolls (less than one inch in diameter), large unopened bolls (at least one inch in diameter), open bolls, partially opened bolls, and burrs
per 40 feet of row. November, December, and Final exclude small bolls]
State and month

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

(number)

(number)

(number)

(number)

(number)

Arkansas
September .......................................
October ...........................................
November ........................................
December ........................................
Final ................................................

859
814
849
824
824

790
839
849
849
849

943
810
852
846
846

1,051
814
803
794
794

911
893
897
894
894

Georgia
September .......................................
October ...........................................
November ........................................
December ........................................
Final ................................................

648
675
774
790
789

616
570
707
708
708

587
613
733
742
742

571
731
712
737
740

609
606
686
683
683

Louisiana
September .......................................
October ...........................................
November ........................................
December ........................................
Final ................................................

760
781
786
785
785

796
808
841
841
841

655
578
579
579
579

714
792
756
788
788

699
755
789
781
781

Mississippi
September .......................................
October ...........................................
November ........................................
December ........................................
Final ................................................

700
699
695
695
695

819
745
747
747
747

909
679
728
722
722

925
833
717
722
722

864
773
776
776
776

North Carolina
September .......................................
October ...........................................
November ........................................
December ........................................
Final ................................................

637
641
671
671
671

527
601
625
625
625

667
652
702
704
704

701
730
779
777
777

681
675
689
689
689

Texas
September .......................................
October ...........................................
November ........................................
December ........................................
Final ................................................

530
477
533
544
551

602
538
631
632
632

633
513
579
573
570

613
522
502
502
502

658
534
589
589
589

Crop Production (May 2011)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

17

Crop Area Planted and Harvested – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Domestic Units)
[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2011 crop year.
Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Crop

Area planted

Area harvested

2010

2011

2010

2011

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

(1,000 acres)

Grains and hay
Barley .................................................................................
Corn for grain 1 ....................................................................
Corn for silage ....................................................................
Hay, all ................................................................................
Alfalfa ..............................................................................
All other ...........................................................................
Oats ....................................................................................
Proso millet .........................................................................
Rice ....................................................................................
Rye .....................................................................................
Sorghum for grain 1 .............................................................
Sorghum for silage ..............................................................
Wheat, all ............................................................................
Winter .............................................................................
Durum .............................................................................
Other spring ....................................................................

2,872
88,192
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
3,138
390
3,636
1,211
5,404
(NA)
53,603
37,335
2,570
13,698

2,952
92,178

Oilseeds
Canola ................................................................................
Cottonseed .........................................................................
Flaxseed .............................................................................
Mustard seed ......................................................................
Peanuts ..............................................................................
Rapeseed ...........................................................................
Safflower .............................................................................
Soybeans for beans ............................................................
Sunflower ............................................................................

1,448.8
(X)
421
50.5
1,288.0
2.3
175.0
77,404
1,951.5

1,611.8
(X)
420

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops
Cotton, all ...........................................................................
Upland ............................................................................
American Pima ................................................................
Sugarbeets .........................................................................
Sugarcane ..........................................................................
Tobacco ..............................................................................

10,974.2
10,770.0
204.2
1,171.4
(NA)
(NA)

12,565.5
12,313.0
252.5
1,187.1

Dry beans, peas, and lentils
Austrian winter peas ...........................................................
Dry edible beans .................................................................
Dry edible peas ...................................................................
Lentils .................................................................................
Wrinkled seed peas ............................................................

31.2
1,911.4
756.0
658.0
(NA)

20.0
1,303.5
586.0
710.0

Potatoes and miscellaneous
Coffee (Hawaii) ...................................................................
Hops ...................................................................................
Peppermint oil .....................................................................
Potatoes, all ........................................................................
Spring .............................................................................
Summer ..........................................................................
Fall ..................................................................................
Spearmint oil .......................................................................
Sweet potatoes ...................................................................
Taro (Hawaii) 2 ....................................................................

(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
1,021.5
88.8
39.0
893.7
(NA)
119.8
(NA)

(NA)
2,839
3,018
5,645
58,021
41,229
2,365
14,427

1,237.0

76,609
1,805.0

(NA)

93.1

126.7

2,465
81,446
5,567
59,862
19,956
39,906
1,263
363
3,615
265
4,808
273
47,637
31,749
2,529
13,359

58,973

32,039

1,431.0
(X)
418
48.1
1,255.0
2.2
167.7
76,616
1,873.8

10,698.7
10,497.0
201.7
1,155.7
883.2
337.5

336.5

17.9
1,842.7
711.4
634.0
(NA)

6.3
31.3
71.3
1,004.7
85.9
37.5
881.3
18.6
116.9
0.5

90.5

(NA) Not available.
(X) Not applicable.
1
Area planted for all purposes.
2
Area is total acres in crop, not harvested acres.

18

Crop Production (May 2011)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Yield and Production – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Domestic Units)
[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2011 crop year.
Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Crop

Yield per acre
2010

Production
2011

2010

2011

(1,000)

(1,000)

Grains and hay
Barley ................................................................................... bushels
Corn for grain ........................................................................ bushels
Corn for silage ............................................................................ tons
Hay, all ....................................................................................... tons
Alfalfa ..................................................................................... tons
All other .................................................................................. tons
Oats ...................................................................................... bushels
Proso millet ........................................................................... bushels
Rice 1 ........................................................................................... cwt
Rye ....................................................................................... bushels
Sorghum for grain ................................................................. bushels
Sorghum for silage ...................................................................... tons
Wheat, all ............................................................................. bushels
Winter ............................................................................... bushels
Durum ............................................................................... bushels
Other spring ...................................................................... bushels

73.1
152.8
19.3
2.43
3.40
1.95
64.3
31.8
6,725
28.0
71.8
12.5
46.4
46.8
42.4
46.1

Oilseeds
Canola ................................................................................... pounds
Cottonseed ................................................................................. tons
Flaxseed ............................................................................... bushels
Mustard seed ......................................................................... pounds
Peanuts ................................................................................. pounds
Rapeseed .............................................................................. pounds
Safflower ............................................................................... pounds
Soybeans for beans .............................................................. bushels
Sunflower .............................................................................. pounds

1,713
(X)
21.7
870
3,311
1,891
1,320
43.5
1,460

2,450,947
6,098.1
9,056
41,861
4,155,600
4,160
221,335
3,329,341
2,735,570

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops
Cotton, all 1 ............................................................................... bales
Upland 1 ................................................................................ bales
American Pima 1 ................................................................... bales
Sugarbeets ................................................................................. tons
Sugarcane .................................................................................. tons
Tobacco ................................................................................. pounds

812
805
1,200
27.6
31.8
2,130

18,104.1
17,600.0
504.1
31,945
28,111
718,883

Dry beans, peas, and lentils
Austrian winter peas 1 .................................................................. cwt
Dry edible beans 1 ....................................................................... cwt
Dry edible peas 1 ......................................................................... cwt
Lentils 1 ........................................................................................ cwt
Wrinkled seed peas ..................................................................... cwt

1,666
1,726
1,999
1,365
(NA)

237
31,801
14,221
8,657
580

Potatoes and miscellaneous
Coffee (Hawaii) ...................................................................... pounds
Hops ...................................................................................... pounds
Peppermint oil ........................................................................ pounds
Potatoes, all ................................................................................. cwt
Spring ...................................................................................... cwt
Summer ................................................................................... cwt
Fall .......................................................................................... cwt
Spearmint oil ......................................................................... pounds
Sweet potatoes ............................................................................ cwt
Taro (Hawaii) ......................................................................... pounds

1,250
2,093
89
395
289
310
409
125
204
(NA)

7,900
65,492.6
6,363
397,189
24,820
11,642
360,727
2,318
23,845
3,900

44.5

283

180,268
12,446,865
107,314
145,556
67,903
77,653
81,190
11,535
243,104
7,431
345,395
3,420
2,208,391
1,485,236
107,180
615,975

1,424,357

25,640

(NA) Not available.
(X) Not applicable.
1
Yield in pounds.

Crop Production (May 2011)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

19

Crop Area Planted and Harvested – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Metric Units)
[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2011 crop year.
Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Crop

Area planted

Area harvested

2010

2011

2010

2011

(hectares)

(hectares)

(hectares)

(hectares)

Grains and hay
Barley .................................................................................
Corn for grain 1 ....................................................................
Corn for silage ....................................................................
Hay, all 2 .............................................................................
Alfalfa ..............................................................................
All other ...........................................................................
Oats ....................................................................................
Proso millet .........................................................................
Rice ....................................................................................
Rye .....................................................................................
Sorghum for grain 1 .............................................................
Sorghum for silage ..............................................................
Wheat, all 2 .........................................................................
Winter .............................................................................
Durum .............................................................................
Other spring ....................................................................

1,162,270
35,690,420
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
1,269,920
157,830
1,471,450
490,080
2,186,940
(NA)
21,692,600
15,109,100
1,040,050
5,543,440

1,194,640
37,303,510

Oilseeds
Canola ................................................................................
Cottonseed .........................................................................
Flaxseed .............................................................................
Mustard seed ......................................................................
Peanuts ..............................................................................
Rapeseed ...........................................................................
Safflower .............................................................................
Soybeans for beans ............................................................
Sunflower ............................................................................

586,310
(X)
170,370
20,440
521,240
930
70,820
31,324,620
789,750

652,280
(X)
169,970

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops
Cotton, all 2 .........................................................................
Upland ............................................................................
American Pima ................................................................
Sugarbeets .........................................................................
Sugarcane ..........................................................................
Tobacco ..............................................................................

4,441,150
4,358,510
82,640
474,050
(NA)
(NA)

5,085,130
4,982,950
102,180
480,410

Dry beans, peas, and lentils
Austrian winter peas ...........................................................
Dry edible beans .................................................................
Dry edible peas ...................................................................
Lentils .................................................................................
Wrinkled seed peas ............................................................

12,630
773,520
305,950
266,290
(NA)

8,090
527,510
237,150
287,330

Potatoes and miscellaneous
Coffee (Hawaii) ...................................................................
Hops ...................................................................................
Peppermint oil .....................................................................
Potatoes, all 2 ......................................................................
Spring .............................................................................
Summer ..........................................................................
Fall ..................................................................................
Spearmint oil .......................................................................
Sweet potatoes ...................................................................
Taro (Hawaii) 3 ....................................................................

(NA)
(NA)
(NA)
413,390
35,940
15,780
361,670
(NA)
48,480
(NA)

(NA)
1,148,910
1,221,350
2,284,480
23,480,520
16,684,960
957,090
5,838,460

500,600

31,002,900
730,470

(NA)

37,680

51,270

997,560
32,960,380
2,252,910
24,225,550
8,075,990
16,149,560
511,120
146,900
1,462,950
107,240
1,945,750
110,480
19,278,220
12,848,500
1,023,460
5,406,250

23,865,780

12,965,860

579,110
(X)
169,160
19,470
507,890
890
67,870
31,005,730
758,310

4,329,660
4,248,030
81,630
467,700
357,420
136,580

136,180

7,240
745,720
287,900
256,570
(NA)

2,550
12,660
28,850
406,590
34,760
15,180
356,650
7,530
47,310
190

36,620

(NA) Not available.
(X) Not applicable.
1
Area planted for all purposes.
2
Total may not add due to rounding.
3
Area is total hectares in crop, not harvested hectares.

20

Crop Production (May 2011)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Yield and Production – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Metric Units)
[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2011 crop year.
Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Crop

Yield per hectare

Production

2010

2011

2010

2011

(metric tons)

(metric tons)

(metric tons)

(metric tons)

Grains and hay
Barley .................................................................................
Corn for grain ......................................................................
Corn for silage ....................................................................
Hay, all 1 .............................................................................
Alfalfa .............................................................................
All other ..........................................................................
Oats ....................................................................................
Proso millet .........................................................................
Rice ....................................................................................
Rye .....................................................................................
Sorghum for grain ...............................................................
Sorghum for silage ..............................................................
Wheat, all 1 .........................................................................
Winter .............................................................................
Durum .............................................................................
Other spring ....................................................................

3.93
9.59
43.21
5.45
7.63
4.36
2.31
1.78
7.54
1.76
4.51
28.08
3.12
3.15
2.85
3.10

Oilseeds
Canola ................................................................................
Cottonseed .........................................................................
Flaxseed .............................................................................
Mustard seed ......................................................................
Peanuts ..............................................................................
Rapeseed ...........................................................................
Safflower ............................................................................
Soybeans for beans ............................................................
Sunflower ...........................................................................

1.92
(X)
1.36
0.98
3.71
2.12
1.48
2.92
1.64

1,111,730
5,532,100
230,030
18,990
1,884,950
1,890
100,400
90,609,810
1,240,830

Cotton, tobacco, and sugar crops
Cotton, all 1 .........................................................................
Upland ............................................................................
American Pima ...............................................................
Sugarbeets .........................................................................
Sugarcane ..........................................................................
Tobacco ..............................................................................

0.91
0.90
1.34
61.96
71.35
2.39

3,941,700
3,831,950
109,750
28,980,020
25,501,870
326,080

Dry beans, peas, and lentils
Austrian winter peas ...........................................................
Dry edible beans .................................................................
Dry edible peas ...................................................................
Lentils .................................................................................
Wrinkled seed peas ............................................................

1.48
1.93
2.24
1.53
(NA)

10,750
1,442,470
645,050
392,670
26,310

Potatoes and miscellaneous
Coffee (Hawaii) ...................................................................
Hops ...................................................................................
Peppermint oil .....................................................................
Potatoes, all 1 .....................................................................
Spring .............................................................................
Summer ..........................................................................
Fall .................................................................................
Spearmint oil ......................................................................
Sweet potatoes ...................................................................
Taro (Hawaii) ......................................................................

1.41
2.35
0.10
44.31
32.39
34.80
45.88
0.14
22.86
(NA)

3,580
29,710
2,890
18,016,190
1,125,820
528,070
16,362,300
1,050
1,081,590
1,770

2.99

31.76

3,924,870
316,164,930
97,353,620
132,046,180
61,600,570
70,445,620
1,178,470
261,610
11,027,010
188,760
8,773,440
3,102,570
60,102,550
40,421,500
2,916,960
16,764,090

38,764,640

1,163,010

(NA) Not available.
(X) Not applicable.
1
Production may not add due to rounding.

Crop Production (May 2011)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

21

Fruits and Nuts Production – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Domestic Units)
[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2011 crop year,
except citrus which is for the 2010-2011 season. Blank cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Crop

Production
2010

2011

(1,000)

(1,000)

Citrus 1
Grapefruit ........................................................... tons
Lemons .............................................................. tons
Oranges ............................................................. tons
Tangelos (Florida) .............................................. tons
Tangerines and mandarins ................................. tons

1,238
882
8,244
41
595

Noncitrus
Apples ................................................ 1,000 pounds
Apricots .............................................................. tons
Bananas (Hawaii) .......................................... pounds
Grapes ............................................................... tons
Olives (California) .............................................. tons
Papayas (Hawaii) .......................................... pounds
Peaches ............................................................. tons
Pears ................................................................. tons
Prunes, dried (California) ................................... tons
Prunes and plums (excludes California) ............. tons

9,286.6
65.5
17,800
6,856.8
190.0
30,100
1,151.3
807.6
125.0
12.3

Nuts and miscellaneous
Almonds, shelled (California) ........................ pounds
Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) ............................... tons
Pecans, in-shell ............................................. pounds
Walnuts, in-shell (California) .............................. tons
Maple syrup .................................................. gallons

1,650,000
27
259,660
510
1,955

1

1,209
940
8,815
52
615

1,750,000

Production years are 2009-2010 and 2010-2011.

22

Crop Production (May 2011)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Fruits and Nuts Production – United States: 2010 and 2011 (Metric Units)
[Data are the latest estimates available, either from the current report or from previous reports. Current year estimates are for the full 2011 crop year,
except citrus which is for the 2010-2011 season. Blank cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun]
Crop

Production
2010

2011

(metric tons)

(metric tons)

Citrus 1
Grapefruit .................................................................
Lemons ....................................................................
Oranges ....................................................................
Tangelos (Florida) ....................................................
Tangerines and mandarins .......................................

1,123,090
800,140
7,478,830
37,190
539,770

Noncitrus
Apples ......................................................................
Apricots ....................................................................
Bananas (Hawaii) .....................................................
Grapes .....................................................................
Olives (California) .....................................................
Papayas (Hawaii) .....................................................
Peaches ...................................................................
Pears ........................................................................
Prunes, dried (California) ..........................................
Prunes and plums (excludes California) ....................

4,212,330
59,400
8,070
6,220,360
172,370
13,650
1,044,440
732,640
113,400
11,160

Nuts and miscellaneous
Almonds, shelled (California) ....................................
Hazelnuts, in-shell (Oregon) .....................................
Pecans, in-shell ........................................................
Walnuts, in-shell (California) .....................................
Maple syrup ..............................................................

748,430
24,490
117,780
462,660
9,770

1

1,096,790
852,750
7,996,830
47,170
557,920

793,790

Production years are 2009-2010 and 2010-2011.

Crop Production (May 2011)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

23

24

Crop Production (May 2011)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

April Weather Summary
During April, severe flooding developed from the Mid-South into the Ohio Valley. At the same time, a snowmelt-induced
flood crest moved along the upper and middle Mississippi River. By month’s end, floodwaters converged on the
confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, eclipsing the region’s high-water marks established in February 1937.
Monthly rainfall totals of 1 to 2 feet were common in the flood-affected areas. A pair of historic tornado outbreaks
accompanied the storminess, battering the South from April 14-16 and 25-28.
Meanwhile in the northern Corn Belt, cool, damp weather and soils hindered the start of the spring planting season. Due to
the Midwestern fieldwork delays, only 13 percent of the United States acreage intended for corn was planted by
May 1 - the Nation’s slowest start since 1995 (11 percent planted).
Cool, damp conditions also prevailed across the northern Plains and the Northwest, slowing winter wheat development
and hampering spring planting operations. Cool conditions were also noted as far south as California.
In contrast, heat and drought continued to severely stress pastures, winter grains, and emerging summer crops on the
southern Plains. By May 1, approximately three-quarters of the winter wheat crop was rated in very poor to poor condition
in Oklahoma (77 percent) and Texas (74 percent), along with nearly half of the crop in Colorado (46 percent) and Kansas
(45 percent).
April Agricultural Summary
While unusually warm, dry weather dominated much of the southern United States and caused a decline in winter wheat
conditions during the month, cool, wet conditions in the Pacific Northwest, northern Great Plains, Great Lakes region, and
much of the Corn Belt limited or prevented fieldwork. Most notably, average temperatures in areas of Texas reached as
many as 8 degrees above normal, with daily recordings in southern portions of the State pushing the mercury above the
century mark before month’s end. Several storm systems during April combined to dump more than 10 inches of rain on
an area centered over the southern Corn Belt, northern Delta, and Ohio and Tennessee Valleys.
Nationally, corn producers had planted 3 percent of this year’s crop by April 10, on par with both last year and the
5-year average. Planting had just begun in Illinois, Indiana, and Nebraska, three of the five largest corn-producing States.
Unusually wet spring weather saturated fields, caused localized flooding, and hampered fieldwork in portions of the Corn
Belt, Great Lakes region, and Ohio Valley throughout much of the month. Planting progress was limited to 2 percent or
less in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Nebraska during the week ending April 24. By May 1, planting had advanced to
13 percent complete, compared with 66 percent last year and 40 percent for the 5-year average. Emergence was 5 percent
complete by May 1, thirteen percentage points behind last year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average.
With activity limited to Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas, 19 percent of the sorghum crop was planted by April 3,
six percentage points ahead of last year and 3 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Warm, sunny conditions in
Louisiana during March had provided ample time for producers to complete fieldwork, leaving progress in the State well
ahead of both last year and normal. Adverse soil conditions – both too dry and too wet – delayed the start of planting in
some sorghum-producing States. Planting began in Kansas, the largest sorghum-producing State, during the week ending
April 24, but progress stalled during the last week of the month. By May 1, twenty-three percent of the Nation’s sorghum
crop was planted, 6 percentage points behind last year and 4 percentage points behind the 5-year average.
As April began, oat producers in four of the nine major estimating States were busy seeding this year’s crop. By April 3,
twenty-eight percent of the Nation’s crop was in the ground, 4 percentage points behind last year and 2 percentage points
behind the 5-year average. In Texas, seeding and emergence were complete, with 35 percent of the crop headed.
Conversely, seeding in Minnesota, the largest oat-producing State, had yet to begin and was behind normal as heavy
snowfall and below average temperatures delayed the start of fieldwork. Emergence was evident in 27 percent of oat
fields by April 10, slightly behind last year but on par with the 5-year average. Cool, wet weather persisted throughout
much of April, leading to seeding delays of 41 points or more behind last year and 26 points or more behind normal in
five of the nine major estimating States by April 24. As May began, 45 percent of the oat crop was seeded, compared with

Crop Production (May 2011)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

25

82 percent last year and 72 percent for the 5-year average. Thirty-five percent of the crop was emerged, 24 percentage
points behind last year and 10 percentage points behind the 5-year average.
By April 17, barley producers had seeded 11 percent of this year’s crop, 8 percentage points behind last year and
5 percentage points behind the 5-year average. The most significant delays were evident in Minnesota and Washington
where wet fields had limited fieldwork in the barley-growing areas. By May 1, seeding had advanced to 18 percent
complete, 33 percentage points behind last year and 25 percentage points behind the 5-year average. In North Dakota, the
largest barley-producing State, seeding had yet to begin as rain, snow, and unusually cool temperatures delayed the start
of fieldwork. Overall, emergence was 6 percent complete by May 1, compared with 16 percent last year and 12 percent
for the 5-year average.
Nationally, 14 percent of the winter wheat crop was headed by April 17, eight percentage points ahead of last year and
4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. With warm temperatures in portions of the Delta and the Great Plains
aiding a rapid crop development pace, heading had advanced to 33 percent complete by May 1, seven percentage points
ahead of last year and 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Overall, 34 percent of the winter wheat crop was
reported in good to excellent condition on May 1, down 3 percentage points from ratings on April 3 and 34 percentage
points below the same time last year. On the central and southern Plains, limited soil moisture availability caused a steady
decline in condition ratings in States such as Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas throughout the month.
With wet fields and unusually cool temperatures limiting fieldwork, spring wheat producers seeded just 5 percent of this
year’s crop between April 17 and May 1. Due to spring flooding concerns, producers in North Dakota, the largest spring
wheat-producing State, seeded just 1 percent of their crop by May 1, well behind both last year and normal. Nationally,
seeding had advanced to 10 percent complete by May 1, forty-seven percentage points behind last year and 33 percentage
points behind the 5-year average.
As April arrived, rice producers throughout much of the Delta and Texas were busy seeding this year’s crop, while
producers in California were conducting routine maintenance activities including field drainage, herbicide applications,
and leveling. By April 10, seeding had advanced to 26 percent complete, 4 percentage points ahead of last year and
5 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average. Emergence was evident in 9 percent of the Nation’s rice fields,
6 percentage points ahead of last year and 2 percentage points ahead of the average. Mid- to late-month rainfall, hail, and
flash flooding slowed fieldwork in Arkansas and Missouri, pushing overall progress behind both last year and normal. As
May began, 49 percent of the rice crop was seeded and 37 percent had emerged, both well behind both last year and
normal.
By May 1, peanut planting was underway in the eight major estimating States. At 8 percent complete, progress was
2 percentage points behind last year but slightly ahead of the 5-year average. Planting was most advanced in Texas,
although progress in the State was 6 percentage points behind last year’s pace.
With activity limited to Arizona, California, and Texas, cotton producers had planted 6 percent of the Nation’s crop by
April 3, two percentage points ahead of last year and slightly ahead of the 5-year average. In Texas, producers in areas of
the Plains were busy preparing land for planting, although many dryland fields were in need of moisture before cotton
planting could begin. Despite warm, dry weather promoting a rapid planting pace in Arizona and California later in the
month, overall progress fell to 6 percentage points behind both last year and the average by May 1 as producers in the
Northern High Plains of Texas were waiting for increased soil temperatures before starting to plant.
Sugarbeet producers in Idaho and Michigan were planting their crop by mid-April, while saturated fields in Minnesota
and North Dakota prevented much fieldwork until the end of the month. By May 1, fifteen percent of the crop was
planted, 80 percentage points behind last year and 46 percentage points behind the 5-year average.

26

Crop Production (May 2011)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Crop Comments
Winter wheat: Production is forecast at 1.42 billion bushels, down 4 percent from 2010. Based on May 1 conditions, the
United States yield is forecast at 44.5 bushels per acre, down 2.3 bushels from the previous year. Expected grain area
totals 32.0 million acres, up 1 percent from last year. As of May 1, thirty-four percent of the United States winter wheat
crop was rated in good to excellent condition, 34 points below the same week in 2010, and heading had reached
33 percent in the 18 major producing States, 4 percentage points ahead of the 5-year average.
In the southern Great Plains States, dry weather during the winter and spring has led to poor growing conditions. Crop
conditions declined from last year in all of the major Hard Red Winter (HRW) producing States except Montana. As of
May 1, the percent of crop rated good to excellent in Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas was 49 points or more
below last year. Yields are forecasted lower than last year in all major HRW producing States.
Favorable planting conditions and adequate moisture this spring in many of the Soft Red Winter (SRW) producing States
has resulted in crop development slightly ahead of the 5-year average. On May 1, the percent of crop rated good to
excellent in Illinois and North Carolina was 23 and 41 points above last year, respectively. Yields are forecasted to be
higher than 2010 in most SRW producing States.
A cool, wet spring in the Pacific Northwest has led to concerns of disease and caused crop development to be slightly
behind the 5-year average in Oregon and Washington. Yields are forecasted to be down from 2010 in Idaho and
Washington, but up in Oregon.
Durum wheat: Production of Durum wheat in Arizona and California is forecast at a collective 23.2 million bushels, up
12 percent from the previous year. A cool spring in California caused crop development to be slightly behind normal. If
realized, California’s yield of 110.0 bushels per acre will tie last year’s record high yield.
Hay stocks on farms: All hay stored on farms May 1, 2011 totaled 22.2 million tons, up 6 percent from a year ago.
Disappearance from December 1, 2010-May 1, 2011 totaled 79.9 million tons, compared with 86.3 million tons for the
same period a year ago.
Compared with last year, hay stocks increased across much of the Nation’s midsection. In many cases, these increases are
attributed to an increase in total hay production in 2010.
Stocks on hand were down throughout much of the western half of the United States and along the Atlantic Coast.
Lingering winter weather conditions in many western States forced producers to feed livestock longer into the spring
months. Drought conditions in many areas along the Atlantic Coast caused a lack of available winter pastures. Overall, the
largest percentage declines occurred in California, Idaho, and Nevada.
Almonds: The 2011 California almond production (shelled basis) is forecast at 1.75 billion pounds, up 6 percent from the
2010 production of 1.65 billion pounds. The cold spring lengthened the bloom, causing more overlap between varieties.
Freezing temperatures affected the northern regions more than the south, however frost damage was not significant.
Despite the cold weather, pollination was successful and California almond trees set a good crop. Older plantings suffered
some damage from strong winds that accompanied spring storms but overall damage was minimal. The crop in general
was reported to be good.
California peaches: The California 2011 peach crop is forecast at 815,000 tons, down less than 1 percent from 2010.
The California Freestone crop is forecast at 385,000 tons, unchanged from last year. California experienced an adequate
number of chilling hours, benefiting the Freestone crop. Good weather during the bloom period resulted in a good set.
Growers are expecting to thin more this year due to the good set. There have been minimal reports of hail damage on the
early varieties and the overall crop has been reported as good.

Crop Production (May 2011)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

27

The California Clingstone crop is forecast at 430,000 tons, down less than 1 percent from 2010. Development was slowed
due to spring rains and cooler than normal April temperatures. This year's statewide full bloom date was three days later
than last year. The Extra Early and Early varieties were reported to have a heavy set, while the Late and Extra Late
varieties were reported to have an average set. Cool and windy weather conditions had growers busy protecting their
orchards from mildew.
Bananas: The revised Hawaii banana production estimate for 2010 is 17.8 million pounds, down 4 percent from the
previous year. Harvested area totaled 1,100 acres in 2010, unchanged from the previous year. Growers reported that
banana bunchy top virus continued to be a problem, while drought conditions forced farmers in some areas to use
irrigation.
Guavas: Hawaii guava utilized production for 2010 is estimated at 1.30 million pounds, 38 percent lower than the 2009
utilized production. Harvested area totaled 115 acres, down 15 percent from the previous season. Yield averaged
11,300 pounds per acre, compared with 15,600 pounds per acre in 2009. Dry weather during the season negatively
impacted yields and overall production.
Taro: Hawaii taro production for the 2010 crop year is estimated at 3.90 million pounds, down 3 percent from the
previous year. Area in crop, at 475 acres, was up 7 percent from 2009. Weather conditions were varied depending on
location. Some producers were affected by drought conditions while others experienced flooding. Overall, the variable
weather was not a significant factor for the total crop. Growers reported that apple snails and leaf blight continued to be
problems.
Grapefruit: The 2010-2011 United States grapefruit crop is forecast at 1.21 million tons, unchanged from the April 1
forecast but down 2 percent from the 2009-2010 crop.
Florida grapefruit production is forecast at 19.6 million boxes (833,000 tons), unchanged from the previous forecast but
down 3 percent from last season. The Florida all white grapefruit forecast is 5.60 million boxes (238,000 tons), down
7 percent from the 2009-2010 season. The colored grapefruit forecast, at 14.0 million boxes (595,000 tons), is 2 percent
below last season. As of May 1, approximately 96 percent of the white grapefruit crop and 99 percent of the colored
grapefruit crop had been harvested. California and Texas grapefruit production forecasts were carried forward from the
previous forecast.
Tangerines and mandarins: The United States tangerine and mandarin crop is forecast at 615,000 tons, up 1 percent
from the April 1 forecast and up 3 percent from the previous season. Florida’s tangerine crop is forecast at 4.60 million
boxes (219,000 tons), up 2 percent from the previous forecast and up 3 percent from the previous season. Utilization and
survey data indicate that the Florida tangerine harvest is nearly complete. Arizona and California tangerine and mandarin
production forecasts are carried forward from the previous forecast.
Tangelos: Florida’s tangelo forecast is 1.15 million boxes (52,000 tons), unchanged from the April 1 forecast but up
28 percent from last season’s final utilization.
Florida citrus: In the citrus growing areas, temperatures were predominately in the 80s during the month. Weather
stations reported lows in the 50s and highs in the 80s and 90s this month. Heavy rains during the first part of April eased
drought conditions in the western citrus growing areas, but the extreme drought condition in the eastern and southeastern
areas persisted.
Harvesting of early and midseason oranges was complete. Grapefruit and Valencia orange harvests continued. Most of the
processing plants and canneries remained open. Valencia oranges and grapefruit made up the majority of fruit going to the
plants. Heavy irrigation and harvesting dominated the grove activities this month.
California citrus: The navel orange, Valencia orange and lemon harvests continued normally in the San Joaquin Valley
as the grapefruit and mandarin harvests neared completion. Grapefruit and lemons were also picked in the desert and
coastal regions. Mandarin growers with seedless varieties in the San Joaquin Valley began net placement in preparation
for the upcoming bloom.
28

Crop Production (May 2011)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

California noncitrus fruits and nuts: Cool temperatures slowed shoot development in central coast grape vineyards
while fungicides and fertilizers were applied in Central Valley vineyards. The prune, pear, and cherry blooms were nearly
finished. Kiwi orchards and citrus groves were blooming. The strawberry harvest began in Merced County. Strawberry
nursery plants were planted in Siskiyou County, while strawberry and blueberry fields in eastern Fresno County were in
bloom. Fieldwork and spraying were ongoing in orchards and vineyards.
Growing conditions in almond orchards were good. Irrigation, fertilizer, and final fungicide applications dominated field
activities. Observed pest activity was very low, with some spraying for spider mites done in Kern County. Pollination was
underway in both walnut and pistachio orchards, as catkins continued to elongate on walnut trees. Blight control sprays
for walnuts were ongoing while bloom sprays for pistachio orchards were also prepared.
Spring potatoes: Production for 2011 is forecast at 25.6 million cwt, down 1 percent from the April 1 forecast but up
3 percent from 2010. Area for harvest is forecast at 90,500 acres, up 1 percent from the previous forecast and up 5 percent
from last year. The average yield forecast, at 283 cwt per acre, is down 6 cwt from both the April 1 forecast and the
previous year.
Florida’s production is forecast at 8.62 million cwt, unchanged from the previous forecast. Unfavorable weather
conditions delayed planting and harvest in both the Hastings and other areas. California’s spring potato production is
forecast at 10.7 million cwt, down 1 percent from April’s forecast due to cool, wet growing conditions. North Carolina
growers are expected to produce 3.47 million cwt of spring potatoes, down 2 percent from the previous forecast. As of
April 24, 2011, crop condition was rated as 100 percent good by the growers. Production in Arizona is forecast at
1.10 million, down 3 percent from the April 1 forecast due to lower than expected yields. Texas growers expect
production to total 1.73 million cwt, unchanged from the previous forecast.
Tobacco: Revised United States tobacco production for 2010 totaled 719 million pounds, down slightly from the January
preliminary estimate and 13 percent below 2009. Harvested area is estimated at 337,500 acres, up slightly from the
January preliminary estimate but down 5 percent from the previous year’s estimate. Yield per acre averaged
2,130 pounds, down slightly from the January preliminary estimate and 193 pounds below 2009.
Flue-cured production totaled 452 million pounds, slightly below the January preliminary estimate. This is 14 percent less
than 2009 when 525 million pounds were produced. Growers harvested 210,900 acres, down 6 percent from the previous
year. Flue-cured yields averaged 2,143 pounds, down 205 pounds from 2009. North Carolina, the leading producer of
flue-cured tobacco, produced 349 million pounds, approximately 77 percent of all flue-cured production.
Burley production, which accounted for 97 percent of all light air-cured tobacco, totaled 188 million pounds. This is
unchanged from the January preliminary estimate but 13 percent below 2009. Producers of burley tobacco harvested
97,600 acres in 2010, down 4 percent from the previous year. Yields averaged 1,922 pounds per acre, 187 pounds below
2009. Kentucky, the leading producer of burley tobacco, produced 140 million pounds, approximately 75 percent of all
burley grown in the United States.
Total revised fire-cured production is estimated at 48.4 million pounds, up slightly from the January preliminary estimate
but 9 percent below the previous year. Growers harvested 15,650 acres, down 3 percent from 2009. Fire-cured yields
averaged 3,091 pounds per acre, down 190 pounds from the previous year.
Southern Maryland Belt tobacco, at 4.95 million pounds, is unchanged from the January preliminary estimate but
2 percent above 2009. Pennsylvania growers harvested 2,200 acres, up 5 percent from last year. Yields averaged
2,250 pounds per acre, down 50 pounds from the previous year.
Dark air-cured production totaled 15.2 million pounds, unchanged from the January preliminary estimate but 11 percent
below the previous year. Growers harvested 5,500 acres in 2010, down 5 percent from 2009. Yield per acre averaged
2,760 pounds, down 178 pounds from the previous year. Kentucky, the leading producer of dark air-cured tobacco,
produced 12.3 million pounds in 2010, accounting for approximately 81 percent of the dark air-cured tobacco grown in
the United States.
Crop Production (May 2011)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

29

Production of cigar type tobacco, which includes filler, binder, and wrapper, is estimated at 10.9 million pounds, up
2 percent from the January preliminary estimate and 48 percent above the previous year. Growers harvested 5,650 acres in
2010, up 32 percent from last year. The average yield was 1,937 pounds per acre, 209 pounds above 2009.
2010 Cotton final: Upland cotton production is estimated at 17.6 million 480-pound bales, up 49 percent from the
2009 crop. The United States yield for Upland cotton is estimated at 805 pounds per acre, up 39 pounds from the previous
season.
Upland growers in the Southeastern region (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia)
finished planting by mid-June. Hot, dry weather during much of the summer allowed the crop to develop ahead of normal.
By the end of August, limited harvest was underway in Alabama and Georgia. By late-September, defoliation and harvest
were underway throughout the region. Harvest neared completion by the end of November. Objective yield data in
Georgia show bolls per acre to be the lowest in the last 7 years and boll weight to be at its lowest level since 1998. North
Carolina boll weights are at their lowest level since 2005.
In the Delta region (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee) producers finished planting by the first of
June. The crop developed quickly due to hot, dry conditions for much of the summer. Defoliation and harvest had begun
by late-August in the region. Harvest was completed by mid-November. In Louisiana, objective yield data show boll
weight to be the lightest in over 10 years. Objective yield data in Arkansas show the bolls per acre to be the largest on
record in Arkansas and the largest in the last 5 years in Mississippi.
Texas producers finished planting Upland cotton by the middle of June. In the Panhandle, warm temperatures and timely
rains allowed the crop to develop well ahead of normal. Defoliation and limited harvest was underway by the middle of
September. In South Texas, harvest was complete by mid-September. Harvest progressed rapidly in the Panhandle of
Texas through the first half of October. However, harvest came to a halt after strong thunderstorms moved through some
parts of the growing area. Reports from growers indicated some damage to the crop due to heavy rain, hail, and high
winds. Objective yield data in Texas show boll weight to be the lowest since 2005.
In Kansas and Oklahoma, the Upland crop developed ahead of normal during the growing season. In Oklahoma, harvest
got underway in late September, while Kansas producers began harvesting in October.
Upland producers in California and Arizona completed planting by mid-June. The Upland crop developed behind normal
throughout the summer. In Arizona, harvest began during the first week of September. In California, harvest got underway
in October.
American Pima production totaled 504,100 bales (480-pound), up 26 percent from the 2009 crop. The United States yield
is estimated at 1,200 pounds per harvested acre, down 189 pounds per acre from the previous season.
Cottonseed: Cottonseed production in 2010 totaled 6.10 million tons, up 47 percent from last year. Sales to oil mills
accounted for 53 percent of the disposition. The remaining 47 percent will be used for seed, feed, exports, and various
other uses.

30

Crop Production (May 2011)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Statistical Methodology
Wheat survey procedures: Objective yield and farm operator surveys were conducted between April 24 and May 6 to
gather information on expected yield as of May 1. The objective yield survey was conducted in three States (Kansas,
Oklahoma, and Texas) where wheat is normally mature enough to make meaningful counts. Farm operators were
interviewed to update previously reported acreage data and seek permission to randomly locate two sample plots in
selected winter wheat fields. The counts made within each sample plot depended upon the crop's maturity. Counts such as
number of stalks, heads in late boot, and number of emerged heads were made to predict the number of heads that would
be harvested. The counts are used with similar data from previous years to develop a projected biological yield. The
average harvesting loss is subtracted to obtain a net yield. The plots are revisited each month until crop maturity when the
heads are clipped, threshed, and weighed. After the farm operator has harvested the sample field, another plot is sampled
to obtain current year harvesting loss.
The farm operator survey included a sample of approximately 14,400 producers representing all major production areas.
These producers were selected from an earlier acreage survey and were asked about the probable winter wheat acres for
harvest and yield on their operation. These growers will continue to be surveyed throughout the growing season to provide
indications of average yields.
Orange survey procedures: The orange objective yield survey for the May 1 forecast was conducted in Florida, which
accounts for nearly 75 percent of the United States production. Bearing tree numbers are determined at the start of the
season based on a fruit tree census conducted every other year, combined with ongoing review based on administrative
data or special surveys. From mid-July to mid-September, the number of fruit per tree is determined. In September and
subsequent months, fruit size measurement and fruit droppage surveys are conducted, which combined with the previous
components are used to develop the current forecast of production. California and Texas conduct grower and packer
surveys on a quarterly basis in October, January, April, and July. California also conducts objective measurement surveys
in September for navel oranges and in March for Valencia oranges.
Wheat estimating procedures: National and State level objective yield and grower reported data were reviewed for
reasonableness and consistency with historical estimates. The survey data were also reviewed considering weather
patterns and crop progress compared to previous months and previous years. Each State Field Office submits their
analysis of the current situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the survey data and the State
analyses to prepare the published May 1 forecasts.
Orange estimating procedures: State level objective yield estimates for Florida oranges were reviewed for errors,
reasonableness, and consistency with historical estimates. The Florida Field Office submits its analyses of the current
situation to the Agricultural Statistics Board (ASB). The ASB uses the Florida survey data and their analyses to prepare
the published May 1 forecast. The May 1 orange production forecasts for California and Texas are carried forward from
April.
Revision Policy: The May 1 production forecast will not be revised; instead, a new forecast will be made each month
throughout the growing season. End-of-season wheat estimates are made after harvest. At the end of the wheat marketing
season, a balance sheet is calculated using carryover stocks, production, exports, millings, feeding, and ending stocks.
Revisions are then made if the balance sheet relationships or other administrative data warrant changes. End-of-season
orange estimates will be published in the Citrus Fruits Summary released in September. The orange production estimates
are based on all data available at the end of the marketing season, including information from marketing orders,
shipments, and processor records. Allowances are made for recorded local utilization and home use.
Reliability: To assist users in evaluating the reliability of the May 1 production forecast, the "Root Mean Square Error," a
statistical measure based on past performance, is computed. The deviation between the May 1 production forecast and the
final estimate is expressed as a percentage of the final estimate. The average of the squared percentage deviations for the
latest 20-year period is computed. The square root of the average becomes statistically the "Root Mean Square Error."
Probability statements can be made concerning expected differences in the current forecast relative to the final end-ofseason estimate, assuming that factors affecting this year's forecast are not different from those influencing recent years.

Crop Production (May 2011)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

31

The "Root Mean Square Error" for the May 1 winter wheat production forecast is 7.0 percent. This means that chances are
two out of three that the current production forecast will not be above or below the final estimate by more than
7.0 percent. Chances are 9 out of 10 (90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 12.1 percent.
Differences between the May 1 winter wheat production forecast and the final estimate during the past 20 years have
averaged 88 million bushels, ranging from 4 million to 284 million bushels. The May 1 forecast has been below the final
estimate 10 times and above 10 times. This does not imply that the June 1 winter wheat forecast this year is likely to
understate or overstate final production.
The "Root Mean Square Error" for the May 1 orange production forecast is 1.5 percent. However, if you exclude the
five abnormal production seasons (three freeze seasons and two hurricane seasons), the "Root Mean Square Error" is
1.7 percent. This means that chances are 2 out of 3 that the current orange production forecast will not be above or below
the final estimates by more than 1.5 percent, or 1.7 percent, excluding abnormal seasons. Chances are 9 out of 10
(90 percent confidence level) that the difference will not exceed 2.6 percent, or 2.9 percent, excluding abnormal seasons.
Changes between the May 1 orange forecast and the final estimates during the past 20 years have averaged 133,000 tons
(152,000 tons, excluding abnormal seasons), ranging from 5,000 tons to 369,000 tons when including or excluding
abnormal seasons. The May 1 forecast for oranges has been below the final estimate 8 times and above 12 times (below
6 times and above 10 times, excluding abnormal seasons). This does not imply that the May 1 forecast this year is likely
to understate or overstate final production.

32

Crop Production (May 2011)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Information Contacts
Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Crops Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics Service to contact
for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to [email protected]
Lance Honig, Chief, Crops Branch ....................................................................................................... (202) 720-2127
Jacqueline Moore, Head, Field Crops Section ...................................................................................... (202) 720-2127
Suzanne Avilla – Peanuts, Rice ....................................................................................................... (202) 720-7688
Bryan Durham – Hay, Oats .............................................................................................................. (202) 690-3234
Steve Maliszewski – Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum................................................................ (202) 720-5944
Anthony Prillaman – Corn, Proso Millet, Flaxseed ......................................................................... (202) 720-9526
Nick Schauer – Wheat, Rye ............................................................................................................. (202) 720-8068
Julie Schmidt – Crop Weather, Barley, Sugar Crops ....................................................................... (202) 720-7621
Travis Thorson – Soybeans, Sunflower, Other Oilseeds ................................................................. (202) 720-7369
Jorge Garcia-Pratts, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section............................................ (202) 720-2127
Debbie Flippin – Fresh and Processing Vegetables, Onions, Strawberries ..................................... (202) 720-2157
Fred Granja – Apples, Apricots, Cherries, Plums, Prunes, Tobacco .............................................. (202) 720-4288
Chris Hawthorn – Citrus, Coffee, Grapes, Tropical Fruits .............................................................. (202) 720-5412
Dan Norris – Austrian Winter Peas, Dry Edible Peas, Lentils, Mint,
Mushrooms, Peaches, Pears, Wrinkled Seed Peas, Dry Beans .................................................. (202) 720-3250
Kim Ritchie – Hops.......................................................................................................................... (360) 709-2400
Daphne Schauber – Berries, Cranberries, Potatoes, Sweet Potatoes .............................................. (202) 720-4285
Erika White – Floriculture, Maple Syrup, Nursery, Tree Nuts ....................................................... (202) 720-4215

Crop Production (May 2011)
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

33

Access to NASS Reports
For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways:
 All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: http://www.nass.usda.gov
 Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free
subscription, visit http://www.nass.usda.gov and in the “Receive NASS Updates” box under “Receive reports by
Email,” click on “National” or “State” to select the reports you would like to receive.
 Printed reports may be purchased from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) by calling toll-free
(800) 999-6779, or (703) 605-6220 if calling from outside the United States or Canada. Accepted methods of
payment are Visa, MasterCard, check, or money order.
For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540,
7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: [email protected].
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the
basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental
status, religion, sexual orientation, political beliefs, genetic information, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's
income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with
disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.)
should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD).
To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, Office of the Assistant
Secretary for Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Stop 9410, Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call toll-free at
(866) 632-9992 (English) or (800) 877-8339 (TDD) or (866) 377-8642 (English Federal-relay) or (800) 845-6136
(Spanish Federal-relay). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.