16 Usc 1451

United States Code: Title 16,1451. Congressional findings | LII / Legal Information Institute

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TITLE 16 > CHAPTER 33 > § 1451

§ 1451. CONGRESSIONAL FINDINGS
The Congress finds that—

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(a) There is a national interest in the effective management, beneficial use, protection,

and development of the coastal zone.

(b) The coastal zone is rich in a variety of natural, commercial, recreational, ecological,
industrial, and esthetic resources of immediate and potential value to the present and
future well-being of the Nation.
(c) The increasing and competing demands upon the lands and waters of our coastal
zone occasioned by population growth and economic development, including
requirements for industry, commerce, residential development, recreation, extraction of

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mineral resources and fossil fuels, transportation and navigation, waste disposal, and

harvesting of fish, shellfish, and other living marine resources, have resulted in the loss
of living marine resources, wildlife, nutrient-rich areas, permanent and adverse
changes to ecological systems, decreasing open space for public use, and shoreline
erosion.
(d) The habitat areas of the coastal zone, and the fish, shellfish, other living marine
resources, and wildlife therein, are ecologically fragile and consequently extremely
vulnerable to destruction by man’s alterations.

(e) Important ecological, cultural, historic, and esthetic values in the coastal zone
which are essential to the well-being of all citizens are being irretrievably damaged or
lost.
(f) New and expanding demands for food, energy, minerals, defense needs, recreation,
waste disposal, transportation, and industrial activities in the Great Lakes, territorial

sea, exclusive economic zone, and Outer Continental Shelf are placing stress on these
areas and are creating the need for resolution of serious conflicts among important and

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competing uses and values in coastal and ocean waters; [1]

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(g) Special natural and scenic characteristics are being damaged by ill-planned
development that threatens these values.

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(h) In light of competing demands and the urgent need to protect and to give high
priority to natural systems in the coastal zone, present state and local institutional
arrangements for planning and regulating land and water uses in such areas are
inadequate.

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(i) The key to more effective protection and use of the land and water resources of the
coastal zone is to encourage the states to exercise their full authority over the lands
and waters in the coastal zone by assisting the states, in cooperation with Federal and
local governments and other vitally affected interests, in developing land and water use
programs for the coastal zone, including unified policies, criteria, standards, methods,
and processes for dealing with land and water use decisions of more than local
significance.

(j) The national objective of attaining a greater degree of energy self-sufficiency would
be advanced by providing Federal financial assistance to meet state and local needs
resulting from new or expanded energy activity in or affecting the coastal zone.
(k) Land uses in the coastal zone, and the uses of adjacent lands which drain into the
coastal zone, may significantly affect the quality of coastal waters and habitats, and
efforts to control coastal water pollution from land use activities must be improved.
(l) Because global warming may result in a substantial sea level rise with serious

adverse effects in the coastal zone, coastal states must anticipate and plan for such an
occurrence.
(m) Because of their proximity to and reliance upon the ocean and its resources, the
coastal states have substantial and significant interests in the protection, management,
and development of the resources of the exclusive economic zone that can only be

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United States Code: Title 16,1451. Congressional findings | LII / Legal Information Institute

served by the active participation of coastal states in all Federal programs affecting such
resources and, wherever appropriate, by the development of state ocean resource plans
as part of their federally approved coastal zone management programs.

[1] So in original. The semicolon probably should be a period.

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