Virginia Equine Survey Report - 2006

2006
Virginia Equine Report
Published January 2008
Compiled By
The Virginia Field Office of the National Agricultural Statistics Service
PO Box 1659
Richmond, VA
(804) 771-2493
http://www.nass.usda.gov/va

Herman Ellison, State Director
David Mueller, Deputy Director
Jason Jones, Survey Coordinator
Sindy Meador, Statistical Assistant

Issued Cooperatively By:

VIRGINIA
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
& CONSUMER SERVICES

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL
STATISTICS SERVICE

Todd P. Haymore, Commissioner

Joseph T. Reilly, Acting Administrator
Marshall P. Dantzler, Deputy Administrator, Field Operations

Acknowledgments
We extend a special thanks to the equine operations, owners and everyone else who voluntarily provided basic data
used to prepare the statistics compiled in this publication. We also want to thank members of the Virginia Horse
Industry Board and other association members throughout Virginia who helped review materials used for this project.
The help and assistance of Reshaun Finkley, Jeff Bailey, Herb Eldridge, Mark Apadoca, Quentin Coleman, Dave
Bagno, and Kevin Barnes is also truly appreciated. Cover photo courtesy of PicsOfYou Photography.

2

Table of Contents
Equine Survey Highlights ……………………………………………………………..….......... 4-5
Virginia District Map …………………………………………………………………………….. 6
Equine Inventory and Number of Operations by District…………………………………….. 6
Equine Inventory, Number Sold, and Value of Sales by District………………………..……7
Number of Equine Sold and Total Value of Equine Sales by District Charts………….……7
Equine Inventory and Total Value by District……………………………………………..…... 8
Equine Inventory and Total Value by District Charts…………………………………….. …. 8
Equine Inventory and Value by District and County…………………………………………. 9-10
Equine Inventory and Distribution Map…………………………………………………….….. 10
Equine Inventory and Total Value by Breed…………………………………………………... 11
Inventory Number and Percent of Total Equine Chart……………………………………….. 11
Total Value and Percent of Total Value Chart……….……………………………………….. 11
Equine Inventory by District and Breed……….……………………………………………….. 12
Equine Inventory by Primary Usage and District.…………………………………………….. 13
Equine Inventory by Primary Usage Chart……………………………………………………. 13
Inventory by Primary Usage and Breed……………………………………………………….. 14
Equine Trail Riding Participation……………………………………………………………….. 14
Equine Expenditures and Percent of Total……………………………………………………. 15
Equine Expense Charts…………………………………………………………………………. 16
Individual Breed Summaries:
American Saddlebred………………………..………………………………………………….. 17
Appaloosa……………………………………..………………………………………………….. 18
Arabian……………………………………………………………………………………………. 19
Belgian…………………………………………….……………………………………………… 20
Hanoverian……………………………………..………………………………………………… 21
Miniature Horses………………………………..……………………………………………….. 22
Morgan…………………………………………….……………………………………………… 23
Paint............…………………………………….………………………………………………… 24
Paso Fino………………………………………….……………………………………………… 25
Percheron……………………………………….………………………………………………… 26
Quarter Horse…………………………………..………………………………………………… 27
Standardbred…………………………………………………………………………………….. 28
Tennessee Walker………………………………………………………………………………. 29
Thoroughbred……………………………………..……………………………………………… 30
Donkeys and Mules……………………………..………………………………………………. 31
Ponies……………………………………………..………………………………………………. 32

Survey Definitions……………………………….……………………………………………….. 33
Survey Methodology…………………………….………………………………………………. 34-36

3

Equine Survey Highlights, 2006
This report is the second comprehensive study conducted by the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer
Services covering Virginia’s equine industry. Decision and policy makers at all levels of government and industry are
encouraged to use this publication as it clearly illustrates the economic significance of equine in Virginia. Thousands
of jobs depend on the vitality of Virginia’s equine industry. Equine is a major source of tourism and generates
substantial revenue to the Commonwealth. The equine industry provides a variety of recreational opportunities for
both equine enthusiasts and the general public. The information that follows includes basic statistics on equine
inventory, sales, value, primary usage and expenditures.

Inventory:

The 2006 Virginia Equine Survey indicated there was an estimated 215,000 equine of all types on
November 1, 2006. These 215,000 equine were located on 41,000 operations throughout the Commonwealth. The
top five breeds and counties based on inventory were:
Breeds
1 - Quarter Horses
2 - Thoroughbreds
3 - Tennessee Walker
4 - Ponies
5 - Mules/Donkeys

Number

County

Number

49,000
30,900
15,500
13,800
13,400

1 - Loudoun
2 - Fauquier
3 - Albemarle
4 - Bedford
5 - Clarke
5 - Augusta
5 - Washington

15,500
14,800
8,400
6,200
6,000
6,000
6,000

Value and Sales of Equine:

The value of all equine in Virginia as of November 1, 2006 was $1.65 billion or
$7,697 per equine. The Hanoverian breed had the highest average value at $24,430 per head followed by
Thoroughbreds at $17,131 per head.
There were 15,600 equine sold in 2006, representing a sales value of $107.3 million. These sales place equine as
Virginia’s 6th largest agricultural commodity based on cash receipts. Nearly 66 percent of the total sales value
occurred in the Northern District of the State.

Equine By Primary Use:

Trail riding/pleasure was by far the most predominant use of equine in 2006
followed by breeding. Respondents indicated that 48 percent of their equine were primarily for trail riding and
pleasure purposes. Breeding usage accounted for 17 percent of all equine. Other uses included competition/show
(14%), racing/racing stock (4%), and other uses (17%).

Equine Expenditures: Virginia equine operations spent a total of nearly $783 million during 2006 caring for
equine. Total expenses per equine averaged $3,642 and total expenses per operation averaged $19,096. The top
five expense categories were:
Expense Category

Dollars

1 - Feed and Bedding
2 - Equipment Purchases
3 - Labor Expenses
4 - Capital Improvements
5 - Equine Purchases

$99,648,000
$92,007,000
$74,178,000
$72,574,000
$63,638,000

4

Equine Survey Highlights, 2006

Below is a table providing a quick reference of some basic statistics from the survey.

Equine Survey Highlights
Categories
Equine Inventory and Value By District and State
Northern
Western
Central
Eastern
Southwestern
Southern
Southeastern
State Total
Equine Operations By District and State
Northern
Western
Central
Eastern
Southwestern
Southern
Southeastern
State Total

Number
2001

Total Value

2006

60,500
14,300
37,900
9,500
28,000
8,000
11,800
170,000

71,500
16,200
52,500
11,200
34,500
12,300
16,800
215,000

8,800
2,600
6,800
1,200
5,900
1,900
1,800
29,000

10,400
3,600
10,900
2,100
7,600
3,400
3,000
41,000

Equine Expenditures By Category and State
Equine Purchased
Other Purchases and Upkeep
Equine Related Activities
Labor Expenses
Capital Improvements
State Total

2001

2006
-dollars$795,090,000
$813,098,000
$64,266,000
$77,655,000
$328,235,000
$408,545,000
$63,317,000
$66,161,000
$87,235,000
$134,940,000
$35,139,000
$59,585,000
$88,567,000
$94,888,000
$1,461,849,000
$1,654,872,000

$50,391,000
$334,186,000
$27,126,000
$57,404,000
$35,679,000
$504,786,000

5

$63,638,000
$537,592,000
$34,966,000
$74,178,000
$72,574,000
$782,948,000

Average Per Equine
2001
-dollars$13,142
$4,494
$8,661
$6,665
$3,116
$4,392
$7,506
$8,599

--$1,966
$160
$338
$210
$2,969

2006
$11,372
$4,794
$7,782
$5,907
$3,911
$4,844
$5,648
$7,697

--$2,500
$163
$345
$338
$3,642

Virginia District Map, 2006

Northern
Clarke
Culpeper
Fairfax
Fauquier
Frederick
Loudoun
Madison
Page
Prince William
Rappahannock
Rockingham
Shenandoah
Stafford
Warren

Western
Alleghany
Augusta
Bath
Botetourt
Craig
Highland
Roanoke
Rockbridge

Central
Albemarle
Amelia
Amherst
Appomattox
Bedford
Buckingham
Campbell
Caroline
Chesterfield
Cumberland
Fluvanna
Goochland
Greene
Hanover
Henrico
Louisa
Nelson
Orange
Powhatan
Prince Edward
Spotsylvania

Eastern
Accomack
Charles City
Essex
Gloucester
James City
King & Queen
King George
King William
Lancaster
Mathews
Middlesex
New Kent
Northampton
Northumberland
Richmond
Westmoreland
York

Southwestern
Bland
Buchanan
Carroll
Dickenson
Floyd
Giles
Grayson
Lee
Montgomery
Pulaski
Russell
Scott
Smyth
Tazewell
Washington
Wise
Wythe

Southern
Charlotte
Franklin
Halifax
Henry
Lunenburg
Nottoway
Patrick
Pittsylvania

Southeastern
Brunswick
Dinwiddie
Greensville
Isle of Wight
Mecklenburg
Prince George
Southampton
Suffolk
Surry
Sussex
Chesapeake
Virginia Beach

Equine Inventory and Number of Operations by District, 2006
District
Northern
Western
Central
Eastern
Southwestern
Southern
Southeastern
State Total

Equine Inventory
2001
2006
60,500
71,500
14,300
16,200
37,900
52,500
9,500
11,200
28,000
34,500
8,000
12,300
11,800
16,800
170,000
215,000

Number of Operations 1/
2001
2006
8,800
10,400
2,600
3,600
6,800
10,900
1,200
2,100
5,900
7,600
1,900
3,400
1,800
3,000
29,000
41,000

1/ Operation is defined as a place where equine, regardless of ownership, are physically located and cared for.

6

Average Equine Per Operation
2001
2006
6.9
6.9
5.5
4.5
5.6
4.8
7.9
5.3
4.7
4.5
4.2
3.6
6.6
5.6
5.9
5.2

Equine Inventory, Number Sold, and Value of Sales by District, 2006
Equine Inventory

Number Sold

Total Value of Sales

District

2001

2006

2001

2006

2001

Northern
Western
Central
Eastern
Southwestern
Southern
Southeastern
State Total

60,500
14,300
37,900
9,500
28,000
8,000
11,800
170,000

71,500
16,200
52,500
11,200
34,500
12,300
16,800
215,000

4,600
1,800
2,200
500
2,700
500
600
12,900

6,000
1,300
3,000
400
3,200
900
800
15,600

Avg. Value Per Equine

2006

$61,112,000
$9,353,000
$17,313,000
$1,639,000
$5,271,000
$1,458,000
$3,242,000
$99,388,000

$70,345,000
$3,127,000
$22,941,000
$917,000
$4,475,000
$2,695,000
$2,822,000
$107,322,000

Number of Equine Sold by District, 2001 & 2006
6,000
6,000

5,000

2001
2006

4,600

Head

4,000
3,200

3,000
2,700

3,000
2,200
1,800

2,000

1,300
900
1,000

500

500 400

800
600

0
Northern

Western

Central

Eastern

S. Western

Southern

S. Eastern

Total Value of Equine Sales by District, 2001 & 2006
$80.0

2001
2006

$70.3
$70.0
$61.1

Million Dollars

$60.0
$50.0
$40.0
$30.0

$22.9
$17.3

$20.0
$9.4
$10.0

$3.1

$1.6 $0.9

$5.3 $4.5

$1.5 $2.7

$3.2 $2.8

$0.0
Northern

Western

Central

Eastern

7

S. Western

Southern

S. Eastern

2001

2006

$13,285
$5,196
$7,870
$3,278
$1,952
$2,916
$5,403
$7,704

$11,724
$2,405
$7,647
$2,293
$1,398
$2,994
$3,528
$6,880

Equine Inventory and Total Value by District, 2006
Equine Inventory
Total Value
2001
2006
2001
2006
60,500
71,500
$795,090,000
$813,098,000
14,300
16,200
$64,266,000
$77,655,000
37,900
52,500
$328,235,000
$408,545,000
9,500
11,200
$63,317,000
$66,161,000
28,000
34,500
$87,235,000
$134,940,000
8,000
12,300
$35,139,000
$59,585,000
11,800
16,800
$88,567,000
$94,888,000
170,000
215,000 $1,461,849,000 $1,654,872,000

District
Northern
Western
Central
Eastern
Southwestern
Southern
Southeastern
State Total

Avg. Value Per Equine
2001
2006
$13,142
$11,372
$4,494
$4,794
$8,661
$7,782
$6,665
$5,907
$3,116
$3,911
$4,392
$4,844
$7,506
$5,648
$8,599
$7,697

Equine Inventory by District, 2001 & 2006
80,000

2001
2006

71,500
70,000
60,500
60,000

52,500

Head

50,000
37,900

40,000

34,500
28,000

30,000
16,200
14,300

20,000

11,200
9,500

10,000

16,800
12,30011,800
8,000

0
Northern

Western

Central

Eastern

S. Western

Southern

S. Eastern

Total Value of Equine by District, 2001 & 2006
$900.0
$795.1

2001
2006

$813.1

$800.0

Million Dollars

$700.0
$600.0
$500.0

$408.5

$400.0

$328.2

$300.0
$200.0
$64.3

$100.0

$77.7

$63.3 $66.2

$134.9
$87.2
$35.1

$59.6

$88.6

$94.9

$0.0
Northern

Western

Central

Eastern

8

S. Western

Southern

S. Eastern

Equine Inventory and Total Value by District and County, 2006
Equine Inventory 1/
2001
2006

Total Value
2001

2006

Avg. Value Per Equine
2001
2006

Northern
Clarke
Culpeper
Fairfax
Fauquier
Frederick
Loudoun
Madison
Page
Prince William
Rappahannock
Rockingham
Shenandoah
Stafford
Warren
District Total

4,400
3,300
3,000
13,700
2,000
15,800
2,500
1,000
3,900
2,000
4,500
2,000
1,300
1,100
60,500

6,000
5,000
5,800
14,800
3,000
15,500
2,800
2,400
4,700
1,500
4,600
2,600
1,100
1,700
71,500

$70,289,000
$41,915,000
$27,878,000
$226,083,000
$15,245,000
$294,671,000
$17,761,000
$5,770,000
$37,113,000
$12,690,000
$18,458,000
$8,616,000
$6,991,000
$11,610,000
$795,090,000

$73,367,000
$38,164,000
$41,196,000
$268,254,000
$38,166,000
$208,855,000
$25,393,000
$10,918,000
$43,107,000
$5,303,000
$29,435,000
$12,217,000
$4,780,000
$13,943,000
$813,098,000

$15,975
$12,702
$9,293
$16,502
$7,623
$18,650
$7,104
$5,770
$9,516
$6,345
$4,102
$4,308
$5,378
$10,555
$13,142

$12,228
$7,633
$7,103
$18,125
$12,722
$13,475
$9,069
$4,549
$9,172
$3,535
$6,399
$4,699
$4,345
$8,202
$11,372

Western
Augusta
Botetourt
Roanoke
Rockbridge
Other Counties
District Total

5,000
2,500
1,400
3,400
2,000
14,300

6,000
2,800
1,900
3,700
1,800
16,200

$23,672,000
$10,138,000
$6,508,000
$15,576,000
$8,372,000
$64,266,000

$33,774,000
$13,252,000
$8,592,000
$16,711,000
$5,326,000
$77,655,000

$4,734
$4,055
$4,649
$4,581
$4,186
$4,494

$5,629
$4,733
$4,522
$4,516
$2,959
$4,794

Central
Albemarle
Amelia
Amherst
Bedford
Buckingham
Campbell
Caroline
Chesterfield
Fluvanna
Goochland
Hanover
Henrico
Louisa
Nelson
Orange
Powhatan
Prince Edward
Spotsylvania
Other Counties
District Total

7,000
600
1,300
4,600
600
1,000
900
1,700
1,300
2,400
4,000
1,000
1,500
800
2,300
2,100
*
2,100
2,700
37,900

8,400
1,500
1,500
6,200
1,100
2,200
900
1,700
1,700
3,000
5,400
2,400
2,600
1,100
5,200
2,200
1,100
2,400
1,900
52,500

$90,886,000
$3,489,000
$6,081,000
$24,966,000
$3,058,000
$4,297,000
$6,024,000
$13,923,000
$10,981,000
$23,111,000
$35,286,000
$9,139,000
$12,975,000
$7,038,000
$21,208,000
$17,457,000
*
$17,845,000
$20,471,000
$328,235,000

$110,736,000
$4,678,000
$7,366,000
$29,244,000
$7,416,000
$8,463,000
$5,601,000
$21,770,000
$19,805,000
$26,001,000
$33,338,000
$17,437,000
$13,819,000
$3,918,000
$52,849,000
$14,590,000
$3,677,000
$17,984,000
$9,853,000
$408,545,000

$12,984
$5,815
$4,678
$5,427
$5,097
$4,297
$6,693
$8,190
$8,447
$9,630
$8,822
$9,139
$8,650
$8,798
$9,221
$8,313
*
$8,498
$7,582
$8,661

$13,183
$3,119
$4,911
$4,717
$6,742
$3,847
$6,223
$12,806
$11,650
$8,667
$6,174
$7,265
$5,315
$3,562
$10,163
$6,632
$3,343
$7,493
$5,186
$7,782

*Counties not published in 2001. 1/ Counties with less than 500 head and/or 50 reports are unpublished but included in “District Total”.

9

Equine Inventory and Total Value by District and County, 2006 (continued)
Equine Inventory 1/
2001
2006

Total Value
2001

2006

Avg. Value Per Equine
2001
2006

Eastern
Gloucester
King George
King William
New Kent
Other Counties
District Total

900
1,000
*
*
7,600
9,500

1,100
900
900
1,300
7,000
11,200

$5,457,000
$5,753,000
*
*
$52,107,000
$63,317,000

$5,333,000
$5,390,000
$4,091,000
$6,130,000
$45,217,000
$66,161,000

$6,063
$5,753
*
*
$6,856
$6,665

$4,848
$5,989
$4,546
$4,715
$6,460
$5,907

Southwestern
Bland
Carroll
Floyd
Giles
Grayson
Lee
Montgomery
Pulaski
Russell
Scott
Smyth
Tazewell
Washington
Wythe
Other Counties
District Total

900
2,200
1,800
900
2,100
1,400
3,200
1,200
1,900
1,600
1,300
2,300
4,000
2,300
900
28,000

600
2,200
1,500
900
1,900
1,900
3,900
1,500
2,400
2,800
2,400
2,800
6,000
2,600
1,100
34,500

$1,689,000
$3,853,000
$4,486,000
$2,474,000
$3,600,000
$2,738,000
$14,052,000
$4,441,000
$6,339,000
$5,687,000
$3,461,000
$6,362,000
$16,339,000
$8,549,000
$3,165,000
$87,235,000

$1,797,000
$7,689,000
$5,424,000
$2,907,000
$4,960,000
$4,553,000
$23,667,000
$7,990,000
$7,028,000
$6,324,000
$4,869,000
$7,911,000
$35,952,000
$7,839,000
$6,030,000
$134,940,000

$1,877
$1,751
$2,492
$2,749
$1,714
$1,956
$4,391
$3,701
$3,336
$3,554
$2,662
$2,766
$4,085
$3,717
$3,517
$3,116

$2,995
$3,495
$3,616
$3,230
$2,611
$2,396
$6,068
$5,327
$2,928
$2,259
$2,029
$2,825
$5,992
$3,015
$5,482
$3,911

Southern
Charlotte
Franklin
Halifax
Henry
Patrick
Pittsylvania
Other Counties
District Total

500
1,600
1,000
600
1,000
2,100
1,200
8,000

900
2,400
1,500
1,700
1,300
3,000
1,500
12,300

$1,582,000
$8,801,000
$3,527,000
$2,463,000
$3,437,000
$11,595,000
$3,734,000
$35,139,000

$2,390,000
$17,989,000
$5,179,000
$5,916,000
$6,859,000
$14,982,000
$6,270,000
$59,585,000

$3,164
$5,501
$3,527
$4,105
$3,437
$5,521
$3,112
$4,392

$2,656
$7,495
$3,453
$3,480
$5,276
$4,994
$4,180
$4,844

900
1,300
1,300
*
1,800
1,800
2,300
2,400
11,800

1,900
1,900
1,500
1,700
3,200
1,500
2,600
2,500
16,800

$7,863,000
$13,018,000
$6,801,000
*
$12,688,000
$10,087,000
$23,738,000
$14,372,000
$88,567,000

$8,931,000
$18,357,000
$4,303,000
$7,749,000
$15,447,000
$9,344,000
$22,549,000
$8,208,000
$94,888,000

$8,737
$10,014
$5,232
*
$7,049
$5,604
$10,321
$5,988
$7,506

$4,701
$9,662
$2,869
$4,558
$4,827
$6,229
$8,673
$3,283
$5,648

215,000 $1,461,849,000 $1,654,872,000

$8,599

$7,697

Southeastern
Dinwiddie
Isle of Wight
Mecklenburg
Prince George
Chesapeake City
Suffolk City
Virginia Beach City
Other Counties
District Total
State Total

170,000

*Counties not published in 2001.

1/ Counties with less than 500 head and/or 50 reports are unpublished but included in “District Total”.

Equine Inventory & Distribution Map
State Total
Loudoun
Fauquier
Albemarle
Bedford

215,000
15,500
14,800
8,400
6,200

> 10,000
2,500 - 9,999
1,000 - 2,499
500 – 999

10

Equine Inventory and Total Value by Breed, 2006
Breed or Category
American Saddlebred
Appaloosa
Arabian and Anglo Arabian
Belgian
Hanoverian
Miniature Horses
Morgan
Paint/Pinto
Paso Fino
Percheron
Quarter Horse
Standardbred
Tennessee Walker
Thoroughbred
Mules/Donkeys
Ponies
Other Equine 1/
State Total

Equine Inventory
Total Value
2001
2006
2001
2006
6,800
7,300
$38,677,000
$51,194,000
6,000
9,400
$17,737,000
$21,525,000
12,000
13,200
$60,307,000
$88,808,000
1,900
3,000
$6,034,000
$16,181,000
1,300
2,200
$28,214,000
$53,745,000
3,400
5,800
$6,469,000
$10,085,000
2,600
2,800
$11,678,000
$12,201,000
6,000
10,900
$22,271,000
$43,157,000
600
1,400
$2,693,000
$8,741,000
1,900
2,700
$5,813,000
$14,716,000
32,500
49,000
$131,808,000
$181,632,000
3,000
4,000
$10,469,000
$18,003,000
9,700
15,500
$48,345,000
$53,593,000
36,300
30,900
$777,927,000
$529,354,000
3,900
13,400
$2,540,000
$10,963,000
10,500
13,800
$44,274,000
$60,586,000
31,600
29,700
$246,593,000
$480,388,000
170,000 215,000 $1,461,849,000 $1,654,872,000

Avg. Value Per Equine
2001
2006
$5,688
$7,013
$2,956
$2,290
$5,026
$6,728
$3,176
$5,394
$21,703
$24,430
$1,903
$1,739
$4,492
$4,358
$3,712
$3,959
$4,488
$6,244
$3,059
$5,450
$4,056
$3,707
$3,490
$4,501
$4,984
$3,458
$21,430
$17,131
$651
$818
$4,217
$4,390
$7,804
$16,175
$8,599
$7,697

1/ Other includes all other light breeds, crossbreeds, warmbloods, race breeds, or draft breeds that were not published separately and all other mixed breeds.

Inventory Number and Percent of Total Equine, 2006

Other Breeds
45,800
21.3%

American
Saddlebred
7,300
3.4%

Appaloosa
9,400
4.4%

Arabian and
Anglo Arabian
13,200 Miniature Horses
6.1%
5,800
2.7%
Paint/Pinto
10,900
5.1%

Ponies
13,800
6.4%

Mules/Donkeys
13,400
6.2%

Tennessee
Walker
15,500
7.2%

Thoroughbred
30,900
14.4%

Quarter Horse
49,000
22.8%

Total Value and Percent of Total Value, 2006

Other Breeds
$571.3
34.5%

Ponies
$60.6
3.7%

American
Saddlebred
$51.2
3.1%

Appaloosa
$21.5
1.3%

Thoroughbred
$529.4
32.0%

11

Arabian and
Anglo Arabian
$88.8 Hanoverian
5.4%
$53.7
3.2%

Paint/Pinto
$43.2
2.6%
Quarter Horse
$181.6
11.0%

Tennessee
Walker
$53.6
3.2%

Equine Inventory by District and Breed, 2006
Breed or Category
American Saddlebred
Appaloosa
Arabian and Anglo Arabian
Belgian
Hanoverian
Miniature Horses
Morgan
Paint/Pinto
Paso Fino
Percheron
Quarter Horse
Standardbred
Tennessee Walker
Thoroughbred
Mules/Donkeys
Ponies
Other Equine 1/
State Total

Northern
2001
2006
1,500
700
1,800
2,100
3,200
3,000
*
*
700
800
500
1,000
900
900
1,700
2,600
*
*
*
500
8,300
11,300
1,300
1,100
1,700
4,900
21,600
18,600
1,000
2,300
4,200
5,300
11,200
15,600
60,500
71,500

Western
2001
2006
800
900
500
700
1,100
1,500
*
*
*
*
500
900
*
*
500
*
*
*
*
*
3,500
3,800
*
*
1,100
1,100
1,600
1,400
*
1,700
800
700
2,500
1,800
14,300
16,200

Breed or Category
American Saddlebred
Appaloosa
Arabian and Anglo Arabian
Belgian
Hanoverian
Miniature Horses
Morgan
Paint/Pinto
Paso Fino
Percheron
Quarter Horse
Standardbred
Tennessee Walker
Thoroughbred
Mules/Donkeys
Ponies
Other Equine 1/
State Total

Southwestern
2001
2006
2,600
2,200
1,000
800
1,400
1,000
800
1,900
*
*
700
900
*
*
1,500
2,300
*
*
500
500
7,800
12,100
500
1,500
3,100
4,000
1,100
*
900
2,500
1,200
1,100
4,600
2,300
28,000
34,500

Southern
2001
2006
600
900
*
1,800
700
900
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
1,900
2,700
*
*
1,200
1,000
500
*
*
2,000
*
600
700
900
8,000
12,300

Central
2001
2006
800
1,800
1,700
2,300
3,200
4,400
*
*
*
900
1,000
1,600
500
500
1,200
2,300
*
*
*
1,200
7,000
11,600
*
700
1,400
2,300
8,300
7,400
1,000
4,100
2,800
4,400
7,600
6,500
37,900
52,500
Southeastern
2001
2006
*
*
500
600
1,900
1,800
*
*
*
*
*
1,000
*
700
*
900
*
*
*
*
2,600
4,000
500
*
800
1,600
1,300
1,200
*
*
700
1,000
1,700
1,700
11,800
16,800

Eastern
2001
2006
*
*
*
1,100
500
600
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
1,700
*
*
*
*
1,400
3,500
*
*
*
600
1,900
1,000
*
*
*
700
3,300
900
9,500
11,200
State Total
2001
2006
6,800
7,300
6,000
9,400
12,000
13,200
1,900
3,000
1,300
2,200
3,400
5,800
2,600
2,800
6,000
10,900
600
1,400
1,900
2,700
32,500
49,000
3,000
4,000
9,700
15,500
36,300
30,900
3,900
13,400
10,500
13,800
31,600
29,700
170,000
215,000

1/ Other includes all other light breeds, crossbreeds, warmbloods, race breeds, or draft breeds that were not published separately and all other mixed breeds.
* Breeds with less than 500 head in a district are unpublished but included in “District and State Total”.

12

Equine Inventory by Primary Usage and District, 2006
District
Northern
Western
Central
Eastern
Southwestern
Southern
Southeastern
State Total

Total Inventory
Trail Riding / Pleasure
2001
2006
2001
2006
60,500
71,500
23,300
32,100
14,300
16,200
6,700
8,300
37,900
52,500
17,500
26,700
9,500
11,200
2,900
7,300
28,000
34,500
14,800
15,700
8,000
12,300
4,500
5,300
11,800
16,800
6,000
8,600
170,000
215,000
75,700
104,000

Competition / Show
2001
2006
10,800
11,600
2,200
2,200
8,000
7,500
1,600
1,600
3,200
3,000
1,100
800
2,200
3,000
29,100
29,700

Mares (Breeding)
2001
2006
9,600
9,500
2,200
2,300
5,300
6,400
1,500
900
5,800
7,000
1,200
1,400
1,700
2,600
27,300
30,100

District
Northern
Western
Central
Eastern
Southwestern
Southern
Southeastern
State Total

Total Inventory
2001
2006
60,500
71,500
14,300
16,200
37,900
52,500
9,500
11,200
28,000
34,500
8,000
12,300
11,800
16,800
170,000
215,000

Stallions (Breeding) Racing / Racing Stock
2001
2006
2001
2006
1,400
1,700
7,300
5,600
*
*
*
*
1,000
1,400
2,200
1,700
*
*
*
*
*
1,400
*
1,000
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
5,000
6,400
12,600
8,800

Other Uses 1/
2001
2006
8,100
11,000
2,500
2,700
3,900
8,800
1,100
1,000
2,900
6,400
700
4,300
1,100
1,800
20,300
36,000

1/ Other includes uses such as hunting, young stock, farm work, driving, training, retired, companion animal, dressage, therapeutic riding, rescue/police, and all
other uses.

Equine Inventory By Primary Usage
Racing / Racing
Stock
Stallions
8,800
(Breeding)
4.1%
6,400
3.0%

Mares (Breeding)
30,100
14.0%

Other Uses
36,000
16.7%

Competition /
Show
29,700
13.8%

13

Trail Riding /
Pleasure
104,000
48.4%

Inventory by Primary Usage and Breed, 2006
Breed or Category
American Saddlebred
Appaloosa
Arabian and Anglo Arabian
Belgian
Hanoverian
Miniature Horses
Morgan
Paint/Pinto
Paso Fino
Percheron
Quarter Horse
Standardbred
Tennessee Walker
Thoroughbred
Mules/Donkeys
Ponies
1/
Other Equine
State Total

Total Inventory
Trail Riding / Pleasure
2001
2006
2001
2006
6,800
7,300
2,900
3,400
6,000
9,400
3,400
5,800
12,000
13,200
6,400
6,900
1,900
3,000
700
1,100
1,300
2,200
*
800
3,400
5,800
1,200
1,600
2,600
2,800
1,400
1,600
6,000
10,900
3,000
6,400
600
1,400
*
800
1,900
2,700
600
1,300
32,500
49,000
17,200
29,500
3,000
4,000
1,000
1,900
9,700
15,500
6,600
11,300
36,300
30,900
7,400
7,700
3,900
13,400
2,400
4,800
10,500
13,800
5,200
5,900
31,600
29,700
15,700
13,200
170,000
215,000
75,700
104,000

Competition / Show
2001
2006
1,400
1,100
800
600
1,900
2,100
*
*
600
600
500
500
*
*
700
1,300
*
*
*
*
5,400
6,400
*
*
800
800
6,700
5,900
*
*
2,600
2,900
6,700
6,800
29,100
29,700

Mares (Breeding)
2001
2006
1,800
1,600
1,100
800
2,500
2,300
*
500
*
500
1,100
2,100
500
500
1,400
1,900
*
*
*
*
5,200
6,200
*
500
1,400
1,600
5,300
4,700
600
1,500
1,300
1,300
3,900
3,300
27,300
30,100

Breed or Category
American Saddlebred
Appaloosa
Arabian and Anglo Arabian
Belgian
Hanoverian
Miniature Horses
Morgan
Paint/Pinto
Paso Fino
Percheron
Quarter Horse
Standardbred
Tennessee Walker
Thoroughbred
Mules/Donkeys
Ponies
1/
Other Equine
State Total

Total Inventory
2001
2006
6,800
7,300
6,000
9,400
12,000
13,200
1,900
3,000
1,300
2,200
3,400
5,800
2,600
2,800
6,000
10,900
600
1,400
1,900
2,700
32,500
49,000
3,000
4,000
9,700
15,500
36,300
30,900
3,900
13,400
10,500
13,800
31,600
29,700
170,000
215,000

Stallions (Breeding) Racing / Racing Stock
2001
2006
2001
2006
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
600
800
*
*
*
*
*
*
11,600
8,000
*
500
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
5,000
6,400
12,600
8,800

Other Uses 2/
2001
2006
*
1,000
500
1,900
600
1,300
600
1,100
*
*
*
800
*
*
500
800
*
*
600
800
3,800
5,600
900
800
500
1,300
*
*
600
6,300
1,100
3,200
4,400
5,900
20,300
36,000

1/ Other includes all other light breeds, crossbreeds, warmbloods, race breeds, or draft breeds that were not published separately and all other mixed breeds.
2/ Other includes uses such as hunting, young stock, farm work, driving, training, retired, companion animal, dressage, therapeutic riding, rescue/police use, and all other uses.
* Breeds with less than 500 head for a primary use are unpublished but included in “State Total”.

Equine Trail Riding Participation 1/
Locality

Usage Percent

State, National, or Regional Park
State or National Forest Lands
Wildlife Management Areas
Private Lands
Other Localities
1/

22%
18%
10%
54%
5%

Total of usage percentage can exceed 100% because question allowed for multiple responses.

14

Equine Expenditures and Percent of Total, 2006
Expense Category
Purchases and Upkeep:
Feed and Bedding
Equipment Purchases
Equine Purchases
Veterinarian / Health
Boarding
Training Fees
Farrier
Taxes
Maintenance Repair Expenses
Breeding Fees
Insurance Premiums
Tack
Utilities
Rent and Lease Expenses
Grooming Supplies
Total Purchases and Upkeep Expenses

Expenditure Total
2001
2006
$55,185,000 $99,648,000
$60,878,000 $92,007,000
$50,391,000 $63,638,000
$32,694,000 $61,405,000
$31,771,000 $42,462,000
$29,787,000 $41,641,000
$19,972,000 $38,239,000
$14,569,000 $36,201,000
$22,809,000 $34,370,000
$22,252,000 $24,763,000
$11,443,000 $17,737,000
$11,171,000 $15,032,000
$8,899,000 $11,927,000
$6,964,000 $11,676,000
$5,792,000 $10,484,000
$384,577,000 $601,230,000

Percent of Total 1/
2001
2006

Avg. Per Operation
2001
2006

Avg. Per Equine
2001
2006

10.9%
12.1%
10.0%
6.5%
6.3%
5.9%
4.0%
2.9%
4.5%
4.4%
2.3%
2.2%
1.8%
1.4%
1.1%
76.2%

12.7%
11.8%
8.1%
7.8%
5.4%
5.3%
4.9%
4.6%
4.4%
3.2%
2.3%
1.9%
1.5%
1.5%
1.3%
76.8%

$1,903
$2,099
$1,738
$1,127
$1,096
$1,027
$689
$502
$787
$767
$395
$385
$307
$240
$200
$13,261

$2,430
$2,244
$1,552
$1,498
$1,036
$1,016
$933
$883
$838
$604
$433
$367
$291
$285
$256
$14,664

$325
$358
$296
$192
$187
$175
$117
$86
$134
$131
$67
$66
$52
$41
$34
$2,262

$463
$428
$296
$286
$197
$194
$178
$168
$160
$115
$82
$70
$55
$54
$49
$2,796

Equine Related Activities:
Travel and Lodging
Advertisement Expenses
Professional Fees
Other Miscellaneous Equine Related Expenses
Total Equine Related Activity Expenses

$11,417,000
$3,573,000
$3,406,000
$8,730,000
$27,126,000

$20,603,000
$4,195,000
$3,761,000
$6,407,000
$34,966,000

2.3%
0.7%
0.7%
1.7%
5.4%

2.6%
0.5%
0.5%
0.8%
4.5%

$394
$123
$117
$301
$935

$503
$102
$92
$156
$853

$67
$21
$20
$51
$160

$96
$20
$17
$30
$163

Labor and Capital Improvement Expenses:
Capital Improvements
Paid Labor
Other Contracted Labor Expenses
Total Labor and Capital Improvement Expenses

$35,679,000 $72,574,000
$51,805,000 $66,475,000
$5,599,000
$7,703,000
$93,083,000 $146,752,000

7.1%
10.3%
1.1%
18.4%

9.3%
8.5%
1.0%
18.7%

$1,230
$1,786
$193
$3,210

$1,770
$1,621
$188
$3,579

$210
$305
$33
$548

$338
$309
$36
$683

$504,786,000 $782,948,000

100.0%

100.0%

$17,406

$19,096

$2,969

$3,642

Total of All Expenses
May not add due to rounding.

1/

15

Equine Expenses by Major Category, 2006
Other Equine
Related Activities
4.5%

Labor & Capital
Improvements
18.7%

Equine Purchases
& Upkeep
76.8%

Top Five Equine Expenses, 2006
Feed and Bedding
12.7%
Equipment
Purchases
11.8%

All Other
Expenses
48.6%

Equine Purchases
8.1%

16

Capital
Improvements
9.3%

Labor Expenses
9.5%

A m e r i c a n

S a d d l e b r e d

The American Saddlebred is a breed of light horse with great beauty, easy gait and stamina.
Also known as the Kentucky Saddler, it was developed from the Thoroughbred and Morgan.
It is noted for its tremendous, showy action in all gaits, its well-formed, swanlike neck with
aristocratic arch, and its uplifted tail. It is most popular as a show horse and possesses an
exceptional aptitude for training. The breed is characterized by a satin coat of brown, black,
or chestnut, often with white face and leg markings. It stands 15 to 16 hands (60-64 in. /150160cm) high and weighs approximately 1,000 pounds (450 kg).

Breed

Total Inventory
2001
2006
-number-

American Saddlebred

6,800

7,300

Total Value
2001

Avg. Value Per Head
2001
2006
-dollars-

2006
-dollars-

$38,677,000

$51,194,000

$5,688

$7,013

Primary Usage
Trail Riding / Pleasure

Competition / Show

Mares (Breeding)

Stallions (Breeding)

2001

2006

2001

2006

2001

2006
2001
-number-

2,900

3,400

1,400

1,100

1,800

1,600

*

Racing / Racing Stock

Other Uses1/

2006

2001

2006

2001

2006

*

*

*

*

1,000

1/ Includes uses such as hunting, young stock, farm work, driving, training, educational, retired, companion animal, dressage, therapeutic riding, rescue/police, transportation, etc.
* Some breed totals are not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations or may have less than 500 head, but are included in “Inventory” totals.

American Saddlebred Inventory
Percent of Total Equine Inventory, 2006

American Saddlebred Value
Percent of Total Value, 2006

American
Saddlebred
3.4%

American
Saddlebred
3.1%

All Other
Breeds
96.6%

All Other
Breeds
96.9%

17

A p

p a l o o s a

The Appaloosa is a breed of light horse developed in the United States by the Nez Percé of
Idaho from a horse that originated in Asia and was popular in Europe during the Middle
Ages. Lewis and Clark found the breed in the possession of the Nez Percé in 1805. The
Appaloosa is characterized by a spotted pattern of markings; it most commonly has solidcolored foreparts and small, dark, round or oval spots over the loin and hips. Famed for its
intelligence, speed, stamina, and endurance, it is an outstanding stock and show horse of
great popularity. It stands just over 14 hands (56 in/140cm) and weighs about 1,100 pounds
(500 kg).

Breed

Total Inventory
2001
2006
-number-

Appaloosa

6,000

Total Value
2001

Avg. Value Per Head
2001
2006
-dollars-

2006
-dollars-

9,400

$17,737,000

$21,525,000

$2,956

$2,290

Primary Usage
Trail Riding / Pleasure

Competition / Show

Mares (Breeding)

Stallions (Breeding)

2001

2006

2001

2006

2001

2006
2001
-number-

3,400

5,800

800

600

1,100

800

*

Racing / Racing Stock

Other Uses1/

2006

2001

2006

2001

2006

*

*

*

500

1,900

1/ Includes uses such as hunting, young stock, farm work, driving, training, educational, retired, companion animal, dressage, therapeutic riding, rescue/police, transportation, etc.
* Some breed totals are not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations or may have less than 500 head, but are included in “Inventory” totals.

Appaloosa Inventory
Percent of Total Equine Inventory, 2006

Appaloosa Value
Percent of Total Value, 2006

Appaloosa
1.3%

Appaloosa
4.4%

All Other
Breeds
95.6%

All Other
Breeds
98.7%

18

A r a b i a n
The Arabian is a breed of light horse developed in Mesopotamia and North Africa, and is
probably the first true domesticated breed. Prized since earliest times for its superior beauty,
spirit, speed, grace of movement, stamina, and intelligence, the Arabian has served as
parental stock for such light-weight horses as the American Saddle horse, Quarter horse,
Standardbred horse, and the Thoroughbred. Intercrossings of these and other light and draft
horse breeds with Arabians is still common. The Arabian’s most characteristic color is bay
with white markings; grays, chestnuts, and browns, are also common. It averages 14 to 15
hands (56-60 in. /140-150 cm) high and weighs about 1,000 pounds (450 kg).

Breed

Total Inventory
2001
2006
-number-

Arabian and Anglo Arabian

12,000

13,200

Total Value
2001

Avg. Value Per Head
2001
2006
-dollars-

2006
-dollars-

$60,307,000

$88,808,000

$5,026

$6,728

Primary Usage
Trail Riding / Pleasure

Competition / Show

Mares (Breeding)

Stallions (Breeding)

2001

2006

2001

2006

2001

2006
2001
-number-

6,400

6,900

1,900

2,100

2,500

2,300

*

Racing / Racing Stock

Other Uses

2006

2001

2006

2001

2006

*

*

*

600

1,300

1/ Includes uses such as hunting, young stock, farm work, driving, training, educational, retired, companion animal, dressage, therapeutic riding, rescue/police, transportation, etc.
* Some breed totals are not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations or may have less than 500 head, but are included in “Inventory” totals.

Arabian & Anglo Arabian Inventory
Percent of Total Equine Inventory, 2006

Arabian & Anglo Arabian Value
Percent of Total Value, 2006

Arabian and
Anglo
Arabian
5.4%

Arabian and
Anglo
Arabian
6.1%

All Other
Breeds
93.9%

All Other
Breeds
94.6%

19

B e l g i a n
The Belgian is one of the largest breeds of draft horses of pure European descent. It has a
long history, antedating the Christian era, but became especially popular during the Middle
Ages. In the 15th and 16th century the breed was exported from Belgium to many European
countries and became popular as a general working horse. It was not imported to the United
States until the 1800’s and it was slow to gain favor here because of its ungainly
appearance. The breed is characterized by a husky, barrel-like appearance and brute
strength. It is generally sorrel or chestnut in color, stands just under 17 hands (68 in. / 170
cm) and weighs over 2,000 pounds (900 kg).

Breed

Total Inventory
2001
2006
-number-

Belgian

1,900

Total Value
2001

Avg. Value Per Head
2001
2006
-dollars-

2006
-dollars-

3,000

$6,034,000

$16,181,000

$3,176

$5,394

Primary Usage
Trail Riding / Pleasure

Competition / Show

Mares (Breeding)

2001

2006

2001

2006

2001

700

1,100

*

*

*

Stallions (Breeding)

2006
2001
-number500

*

Racing / Racing Stock

Other Uses1/

2006

2001

2006

2001

2006

*

*

*

600

1,100

1/ Includes uses such as hunting, young stock, farm work, driving, training, educational, retired, companion animal, dressage, therapeutic riding, rescue/police, transportation, etc.
* Some breed totals are not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations or may have less than 500 head, but are included in “Inventory” totals.

Belgian Inventory
Percent of Total Equine Inventory, 2006

Belgian Value
Percent of Total Value, 2006

Belgian
1.4%

Belgian
1.0%

All Other
Breeds
98.6%

All Other
Breeds
99.0%

20

H a n o v e r i a n
The Hanoverian is a noble, correctly proportional warm-blooded horse with natural balance,
impulsion and elegant, elastic movements characterized by a floating trot, a round rhythmic
canter, and a ground-covering walk. The breed’s historic home is in today’s state of Lower
Saxony, in northern Germany, the former Kingdom of Hanover where a flourishing horse
breeding industry has existed for 400 years. The Hanoverian has dispersed throughout five
continents and represents today one of the most prominent breeds of riding horses in the
world.

Breed

Total Inventory
2001
2006
-number-

Hanoverian

1,300

Total Value
2001

Avg. Value Per Head
2001
2006
-dollars-

2006
-dollars-

2,200

$28,214,000

$53,745,000

$21,703

$24,430

Primary Usage
Trail Riding / Pleasure

Competition / Show

Mares (Breeding)

2001

2006

2001

2006

2001

*

800

600

600

*

Stallions (Breeding)

2006
2001
-number500

*

Racing / Racing Stock

Other Uses1/

2006

2001

2006

2001

2006

*

*

*

*

*

1/ Includes uses such as hunting, young stock, farm work, driving, training, educational, retired, companion animal, dressage, therapeutic riding, rescue/police, transportation, etc.
* Some breed totals are not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations or may have less than 500 head, but are included in “Inventory” totals.

Hanoverian Inventory
Percent of Total Equine Inventory, 2006

Hanoverian Value
Percent of Total Value, 2006

Hanoverian
1.0%

Hanoverian
3.2%

All Other
Breeds
99.0%

All Other
Breeds
96.8%

21

M i n i a t u r e

H o r s e s

The American Miniature is a “height” breed; they must measure no more than 34 inches in
height at maturity. This measurement is the vertical distance from the last hairs at the base
of the mane to the ground. These tiny equine are replicas of their larger breed cousins and
will look like Quarter Horses, Arabs, Thoroughbreds, and Draft Horses. The American
Miniature Horse Association’s standard of perfection calls for a small, sound, well-balanced
horse, possessing correct conformation characteristics. These horses are not dwarves,
runts, or have “genetic” errors, but are produced by selectively breeding down in size, yet
maintaining as near-perfect conformation as possible.

Breed

Total Inventory
2001
2006
-number-

Miniature Horses

3,400

Total Value
2001

Avg. Value Per Head
2001
2006
-dollars-

2006
-dollars-

5,800

$6,469,000

$10,085,000

$1,903

$1,739

Primary Usage
Trail Riding / Pleasure

Competition / Show

Mares (Breeding)

Stallions (Breeding)

2001

2006

2001

2006

2001

2006
2001
-number-

1,200

1,600

500

500

1,100

2,100

*

Racing / Racing Stock

Other Uses

2006

2001

2006

2001

2006

*

*

*

*

800

1/ Includes uses such as hunting, young stock, farm work, driving, training, educational, retired, companion animal, dressage, therapeutic riding, rescue/police, transportation, etc.
* Some breed totals are not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations or may have less than 500 head, but are included in “Inventory” totals.

Miniature Horse Inventory
Percent of Total Equine Inventory, 2006

Miniature Horse Value
Percent of Total Value, 2006

Miniature
Horses
0.6%

Miniature
Horses
2.7%

All Other
Breeds
97.3%

All Other
Breeds
99.4%

22

M o r g a n
The Morgan is a breed of American light horse, descended from a single progenitor, the
famous James Morgan. Morgans are used as all-purpose light horses and are very popular
on cattle ranches. Their average height is just under 15 hands (60 in. /150 cm), and their
average weight is about 1,000 pounds (450 kg). Bay, chestnut and black are common
colors.

Breed

Total Inventory
2001
2006
-number-

Morgan

2,600

Total Value
2001

Avg. Value Per Head
2001
2006
-dollars-

2006
-dollars-

2,800

$11,678,000

$12,201,000

$4,492

$4,358

Primary Usage
Trail Riding / Pleasure

Competition / Show

Mares (Breeding)

Stallions (Breeding)

2001

2006

2001

2006

2001

2006
2001
-number-

1,400

1,600

*

*

500

500

*

Racing / Racing Stock

Other Uses1/

2006

2001

2006

2001

2006

*

*

*

*

*

1/ Includes uses such as hunting, young stock, farm work, driving, training, educational, retired, companion animal, dressage, therapeutic riding, rescue/police, transportation, etc.
* Some breed totals are not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations or may have less than 500 head, but are included in “Inventory” totals.

Morgan Inventory
Percent of Total Equine Inventory, 2006

Morgan Value
Percent of Total Value, 2006

Morgan
1.3%

Morgan
0.7%

All Other
Breeds
98.7%

All Other
Breeds
99.3%

23

P a i n t
Descended from horses introduced by the Spanish Conquistadors, Paints became part of the
herds of wild horses that roamed in the Western deserts and plains. Once domesticated,
because of their working ability and heart, the Paint was cherished by cowboys for cattle
work. Native Americans revered the Paint, which they believed to possess magical powers.
While over the years, the conformation and athletic ability of the rugged mounts of the Old
West have been improved by breeders, the unusual coat patterns and coloring remain the
same. The stock-type conformation, intelligence, and willing disposition make the Paint
horse an ideal partner for pleasure riding, showing, ranching or just as a gentle friend for the
kids.

Breed

Total Inventory
2001
2006
-number-

Paint/Pinto

6,000

10,900

Total Value
2001

Avg. Value Per Head
2001
2006
-dollars-

2006
-dollars-

$22,271,000

$43,157,000

$3,712

$3,959

Primary Usage
Trail Riding / Pleasure

Competition / Show

Mares (Breeding)

Stallions (Breeding)

2001

2006

2001

2006

2001

2006
2001
-number-

3,000

6,400

700

1,300

1,400

1,900

*

Racing / Racing Stock

Other Uses1/

2006

2001

2006

2001

2006

*

*

*

500

800

1/ Includes uses such as hunting, young stock, farm work, driving, training, educational, retired, companion animal, dressage, therapeutic riding, rescue/police, transportation, etc.
* Some breed totals are not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations or may have less than 500 head, but are included in “Inventory” totals.

Paint/Pinto Inventory
Percent of Total Equine Inventory, 2006

Paint/Pinto Value
Percent of Total Value, 2006

Paint/Pinto
5.1%

Paint/Pinto
2.6%

All Other
Breeds
94.9%

All Other
Breeds
97.4%

24

P a s o

F i n o

The history of this noble animal began in Spain where the chance mix of breeds sparked the seed that
became one of the world’s finest riding horses. The Paso Fino is a mix of the Barb, Spanish Jennet, and
Andalusian horse and was bred by Spanish land owners in Puerto Rico and Colombia to be used in the
plantations because of their endurance and the comfortable ride they provided. They are prized for their
smooth natural gait, and are used in many disciplines, especially trail and endurance riding. The Paso
Fino has several different body types from quite small and refined to very large and powerful.

Breed

Total Inventory
2001
2006
-number-

Paso Fino

600

Total Value
2001

Avg. Value Per Head
2001
2006
-dollars-

2006
-dollars-

1,400

$2,693,000

$8,741,000

$4,488

$6,244

Primary Usage
Trail Riding / Pleasure

Competition / Show

Mares (Breeding)

2001

2006

2001

2006

2001

*

800

*

*

*

Stallions (Breeding)

2006
2001
-number*

*

Racing / Racing Stock

Other Uses1/

2006

2001

2006

2001

2006

*

*

*

*

*

1/ Includes uses such as hunting, young stock, farm work, driving, training, educational, retired, companion animal, dressage, therapeutic riding, rescue/police, transportation, etc.
* Some breed totals are not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations or may have less than 500 head, but are included in “Inventory” totals.

Paso Fino Inventory
Percent of Total Equine Inventory, 2006

Paso Fino Value
Percent of Total Value, 2006

Paso Fino
0.7%

Paso Fino
0.5%

All Other
Breeds
99.3%

All Other
Breeds
99.5%

25

P e r c h e r o n
The Percheron is a breed of draft horses developed in North West France, originally of
Flemish origin, but also containing some Arabian blood. For a heavy horse, it has
considerable stamina and is a good trotter. It was used by armored knights during the
Middle Ages and also later for extensive general freight work. Once the most popular draft
horse in America, the breed is known for its beauty and is still popular as a circus horse. It
averages over 16 hands (64 in. / 160cm) high, weighs at least 2,000 pounds (900 kg), and is
usually black or gray in color.

Breed

Total Inventory
2001
2006
-number-

Percheron

1,900

Total Value
2001

Avg. Value Per Head
2001
2006
-dollars-

2006
-dollars-

2,700

$5,813,000

$14,716,000

$3,059

$5,450

Primary Usage
Trail Riding / Pleasure

Competition / Show

Mares (Breeding)

2001

2006

2001

2006

2001

600

1,300

*

*

*

Stallions (Breeding)

2006
2001
-number*

*

Racing / Racing Stock

Other Uses1/

2006

2001

2006

2001

2006

*

*

*

600

800

1/ Includes uses such as hunting, young stock, farm work, driving, training, educational, retired, companion animal, dressage, therapeutic riding, rescue/police, transportation, etc.
* Some breed totals are not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations or may have less than 500 head, but are included in “Inventory” totals.

Percheron Inventory
Percent of Total Equine Inventory, 2006

Percheron Value
Percent of Total Value, 2006

Percheron
0.9%

Percheron
1.3%

All Other
Breeds
98.7%

All Other
Breeds
99.1%

26

Q u a r t e r H o r s e
The Quarter Horse is an American breed of light horse that originated during the colonial era,
partly from Arabian ancestry. The name refers to the horse’s reputation for speed at the
quarter-mile distance. It can spring into full speed and consequently is faster than the
Thoroughbred for a short distance. The breed was by far the most popular cattle horse in the
early West. It continues in this role today and is also used almost exclusively for rodeo
events such as cutting, roping, and barrel racing. Registered quarter horses are solid colors,
stand 15 to 16 hands (60-64 in. /150-160 cm) high, weigh over 1,000 pounds (450 kg), and
have thick muscular shoulders and short necks.

Breed

Total Inventory
2001
2006
-number-

Quarter Horse

32,500

49,000

Total Value
2001

Avg. Value Per Head
2001
2006
-dollars-

2006
-dollars-

$131,808,000

$181,632,000

$4,056

$3,707

Primary Usage
Trail Riding / Pleasure

Competition / Show

Mares (Breeding)

Stallions (Breeding)

2001

2006

2001

2006

2001

2006
2001
-number-

17,200

29,500

5,400

6,400

5,200

6,200

*

Racing / Racing Stock

2006

2001

2006

*

*

*

Other Uses1/

2001

2006

3,800 5,600

1/ Includes uses such as hunting, young stock, farm work, driving, training, educational, retired, companion animal, dressage, therapeutic riding, rescue/police, transportation, etc.
* Some breed totals are not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations or may have less than 500 head, but are included in “Inventory” totals.

Quarter Horse Inventory
Percent of Total Equine Inventory, 2006

Quarter Horse Value
Percent of Total Value, 2006

Quarter
Horse
11.0%

Quarter
Horse
22.8%

All Other
Breeds
77.2%

All Other
Breeds
89.0%

27

S t a n d a r d b r e d
The Standardbred or trotter, is an American breed of light horse developed especially for
harness, or sulky racing. Of Thoroughbred Ancestry, it is similar in appearance to a
Thoroughbred but has shorter legs. The breed is characterized by great stamina and its
ability to trot or pace at extreme speeds without breaking into a running gallop. Sulky racing
originated in the United States on the dirt roads of the early 19th century; but it has since
spread, as has the horse which made it possible, to Europe, Australia, Japan and New
Zealand. Standardbreds are any color, usually chestnut, black or brown. They average 15
hands (60 in. /160 cm) in height and weigh near 1,000 pounds (450 kg).

Breed

Total Inventory
2001
2006
-number-

Standardbred

3,000

Total Value
2001

Avg. Value Per Head
2001
2006
-dollars-

2006
-dollars-

4,000

$10,469,000

$18,003,000

$3,490

$4,501

Primary Usage
Trail Riding / Pleasure

Competition / Show

Mares (Breeding)

2001

2006

2001

2006

2001

1,000

1,900

*

*

*

Stallions (Breeding)

2006
2001
-number500

*

Racing / Racing Stock

Other Uses1/

2006

2001

2006

2001

2006

*

600

800

900

800

1/ Includes uses such as hunting, young stock, farm work, driving, training, educational, retired, companion animal, dressage, therapeutic riding, rescue/police, transportation, etc.
* Some breed totals are not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations or may have less than 500 head, but are included in “Inventory” totals.

Stanadardbred Inventory
Percent of Total Equine Inventory, 2006

Standardbred Value
Percent of Total Value, 2006

Standardbred
1.9%

Standardbred
1.1%

All Other
Breeds
98.1%

All Other
Breeds
98.9%

28

Tennessee Walker
The Tennessee Walker Horse is one member of America’s gaited horses. They are best
known for their gentle disposition and smooth comfortable gaits. The breed is based on
Narragansett Pacer, Canadian, Morgan, Standardbred, Thoroughbred, and American
Saddlebred bloodlines. The most prominent characteristic of Tennessee Walkers is their
swift and smooth “running walk”. Typical Walkers are affectionate, gentle and intelligent
animals. The breed is seen in a variety of colors including brown, black, bay, chestnut, roan,
palomino, white or gray. Their face, legs and body may also be marked with white.
Averaging 15.2 (63 in.) hands, they have a long graceful neck, short back, well-built
hindquarters, sloping shoulders, slender but strong legs, and sound feet.

Breed

Total Inventory
2001
2006
-number-

Tennessee Walker

9,700

15,500

Total Value
2001

Avg. Value Per Head
2001
2006
-dollars-

2006
-dollars-

$48,345,000

$53,593,000

$4,984

$3,458

Primary Usage
Trail Riding / Pleasure

Competition / Show

Mares (Breeding)

Stallions (Breeding)

2001

2006

2001

2006

2001

2006
2001
-number-

6,600

11,300

800

800

1,400

1,600

*

Racing / Racing Stock

Other Uses1/

2006

2001

2006

2001

2006

*

*

*

500

1,300

1/ Includes uses such as hunting, young stock, farm work, driving, training, educational, retired, companion animal, dressage, therapeutic riding, rescue/police, transportation, etc.
* Some breed totals are not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations or may have less than 500 head, but are included in “Inventory” totals.

Tennessee Walker Inventory
Percent of Total Equine Inventory, 2006

Tennessee Walker Value
Percent of Total Value, 2006

Tennessee
Walker
3.2%

Tennessee
Walker
7.2%

All Other
Breeds
92.8%

All Other
Breeds
96.8%

29

T h o r o u g h b r e d
The Thoroughbred is a breed of light horse more properly known as the English running
horse. As the name implies, it was the first pedigreed or “thoroughbred” horse. It originated
in England from a cross between an Arabian horse and a Turkish horse and has since been
exported around the world. Fastest of all horses, it can maintain a speed of 45 miles per
hour for a distance of more than a mile. Taking into consideration both speed and
endurance, it is considered by some to be the swiftest creature in existence. The
Thoroughbred has held undisputed reign as king of horse racing and is also preeminent in
the hunt, the steeplechase, and polo. Its temperament is racy and nervous. Thoroughbreds
average over 16 hands (64 in. / 160 cm) in height, weigh around 1,100 pounds (500 kg), and
have a leggy appearance. They may be any color but usually have white markings.

Breed

Total Inventory
2001
2006
-number-

Thoroughbred

36,300

30,900

Total Value
2001

2006
-dollars-

$777,927,000

$529,354,000

Avg. Value Per Head
2001
2006
-dollars$21,430

$17,131

Primary Usage
Trail Riding / Pleasure

Competition / Show

Mares (Breeding)

Stallions (Breeding)

2001

2006

2001

2006

2001

2006
2001
-number-

7,400

7,700

6,700

5,900

5,300

4,700

*

Racing / Racing Stock

Other Uses1/

2006

2001

2006

2001

2006

*

11,600

8,000

*

*

1/ Includes uses such as hunting, young stock, farm work, driving, training, educational, retired, companion animal, dressage, therapeutic riding, rescue/police, transportation, etc.
* Some breed totals are not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations or may have less than 500 head, but are included in “Inventory” totals.

Thoroughbred Inventory
Percent of Total Equine Inventory, 2006

Thoroughbred Value
Percent of Total Value, 2006

Thoroughbred
14.4%

Thoroughbred
32.0%

All Other
Breeds
68.0%

All Other
Breeds
85.6%

30

Donkeys and Mules
Many people like to own these fine animals for their wonderful personalities and their fine pet
qualities. There is probably no more adorable baby in the animal world than the little donkey
with its long ears, sweet face and fuzzy coat. There are many uses for donkeys such as
sheep protection, halter breaking, foal and stable companion, handicapped riding programs,
and work. In the United States a common use of donkeys is recreational riding animals in
donkey and mule shows.
Donkeys are used for mule breeding in the United States. Mammoth Jacks are used with
draft horse mares to produce draft mules. Mammoth and large Standard Jacks are used to
produce riding mules. Standard and Miniature Jacks are bred with ponies and miniature
mares to produce miniature mules for driving and pets.

Breed

Total Inventory
2001
2006
-number-

Mules/Donkeys

3,900

Total Value
2001

Avg. Value Per Head
2001
2006
-dollars-

2006
-dollars-

13,400

$2,540,000

$10,963,000

$651

$818

Primary Usage
Trail Riding / Pleasure

Competition / Show

Mares (Breeding)

Stallions (Breeding)

Racing / Racing Stock

Other Uses1/

2001

2006

2001

2006

2001

2006
2001
-number-

2006

2001

2006

2001

2006

2,400

4,800

*

*

600

1,500

500

*

*

600

6,300

*

1/ Includes uses such as hunting, young stock, farm work, driving, training, educational, retired, companion animal, dressage, therapeutic riding, rescue/police, transportation, etc.
* Some breed totals are not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations or may have less than 500 head, but are included in “Inventory” totals.

Donkey & Mule Inventory
Percent of Total Equine Inventory, 2006

Donkey & Mule Value
Percent of Total Value, 2006

Mules/Donkeys
0.7%

Mules/Donkeys
6.2%

All Other
Breeds
93.8%

All Other
Breeds
99.3%

31

P o n i e s
Ponies are used for everything from pulling carts and being pack animals, to competing in
hunter/jumper contests. The most common uses today are light harness, showing, and
riding by children. They usually range in size from 9.2 hands (38 inches) to 14.2 hands (58
inches) and commonly weigh from 300 to 850 pounds (135 to 383 kg) when mature. Ponies
are not to be confused with miniatures, which are any horse 8.2 hands (34 in. / 85 cm) or
under.

Breed

Total Inventory
2001
2006
-number-

Ponies

10,500

13,800

Total Value
2001

Avg. Value Per Head
2001
2006
-dollars-

2006
-dollars-

$44,274,000

$60,586,000

$4,217

$4,390

Primary Usage
Trail Riding / Pleasure

Competition / Show

Mares (Breeding)

Stallions (Breeding)

2001

2006

2001

2006

2001

2006
2001
-number-

5,200

5,900

2,600

2,900

1,300

1,300

*

Racing / Racing Stock

2006

2001

2006

*

*

*

Other Uses1/

2001

2006

1,100 3,200

1/ Includes uses such as hunting, young stock, farm work, driving, training, educational, retired, companion animal, dressage, therapeutic riding, rescue/police, transportation, etc.
* Some breed totals are not published to avoid disclosure of individual operations or may have less than 500 head, but are included in “Inventory” totals.

Ponies Inventory
Percent of Total Equine Inventory, 2006

Ponies Value
Percent of Total Value, 2006

Ponies
6.4%

Ponies
3.7%

All Other
Breeds
93.6%

All Other
Breeds
96.3%

32

Survey Definitions
Brood Mares: A female that is being kept primarily for breeding. For donkeys, this would be a Breeding
Jennet, sometimes spelled Jenny.

Competition: Primarily used for showing, jumping, steeplechasing, etc.

Equine: Horses, ponies, mules, donkeys, or burros.

Inventory Value: The price one would pay to purchase their equine in today’s market.

Miniature: Any horse 8.2 hands (34 in. / 85 cm) or under. Some Miniature Breeds have smaller height
requirements. (A hand equals four inches).

Operation: A place where equine, regardless of ownership, are physically located and cared for. In the
case of owners who board their equine, the boarding stable would be considered the operation.

Other Equine Uses: Equine used for farm work, hunting, driving, training, retired horses, companion
animals, dressage, therapeutic riding, and rescue/police work. Also, foals whose future use had not yet
been determined.

Pleasure/Trail Riding: Primarily used for pleasure and trail riding and other recreational uses.

Pony: Any mature horse generally less than 14.2 hands (58 in. / 145 cm)

Primary Usage: The category where the horse provided the most important service to the operation or
individual

Stallions: A male that is being kept primarily for breeding. For donkeys, this would be a Breeding Jack.

33

SURVEY METHODOLOGY
PURPOSE:
The chief purpose of the 2006 Virginia Equine Survey was to provide basic descriptive statistics to measure the size of
Virginia’s equine industry. This is the second comprehensive survey of the equine industry conducted in the state.

SURVEY DESIGN:
The survey was conducted in three phases utilizing a multiple frame sample design to insure reliable coverage of all places with
equine. To qualify to complete a questionnaire you must have had equine located on land you operated in Virginia. That is, you
made the day-to-day decisions for the equine located on a particular piece of land. Equine owners that had no land associated
with them were not part of the sample population. Their equine were reported by the operator of the land where those equine
were placed.
A comprehensive list of all known equine operations was compiled from many different sources. A list of over 28,000 names
was developed and used as the sample population. To compensate for any incompleteness in the list, a land area sample
consisting of 363 segments of land was selected. Each land segment was sampled with a known probability of selection so that
equine could be expanded to cover the entire population of interest. Most of the segments were approximately one square mile
(640 acres) in size and were canvassed for equine. Names of all persons with equine inside the segment were matched against
the list of over 28,000 names. Those that did not match comprised the non-overlap (NOL) domain and were mailed a phase I
questionnaire along with the phase I list operations. The NOL domain was used as sampling source to measure the
incompleteness of the list. Together, the (NOL + List) operations comprised the multiple frame sample.

DATA COLLECTION AND SURVEY METHODOLOGY:
Area Survey Phase:
In June 2006, trained interviewers were provided a sample of 363 land segments. The interviewers screened these land segments
for the presence of equine and asked land operators to report only the number of equine located on their operation regardless of
ownership. The names of these equine operations were later matched against the names included on the phase I list to create the
NOL domain. Data from the NOL domain accounted for all operations that were not covered by the list portion of the sample.

Phase I:
In the first phase of the survey, the multiple frame sample (NOL + List) questionnaires were mailed by November 1, 2006. We
also did a second mailing to all non-respondents in December 2006. Those that did not respond after two mailings were also
contacted by telephone utilizing a computer assisted telephone instrument (CATI). After the telephone phase was completed, a
limited amount of face-to-face interviews were conducted, prioritized by non-response source. Below is a summary of response
rates after all contacts.
Number in Sample
Number of Questionnaires Completed
Percent Completed

27,563
16,179
59.0%

The questionnaire and CATI instrument used for the first survey phase included questions about the number of equine by breed
and county, the total value of each breed on their operation on November 1, equine sold and value of sales, and primary usage.
Phase I provided two benefits. First, we were able to estimate important basic statistics on Virginia’s equine industry. Second,
we were able to stratify the responses by number of equine in order to sub-sample these operations for the important economic
phase of the survey.

34

Phase II:
After completing the first survey phase, a stratified systematic sample of 2,600 names was selected from operations who
responded to the survey’s first phase. These 2,600 operations were used as the sample for the economic survey phase. The
economic survey was used to collect and estimate the expenses associated with caring for equine in Virginia. Questions on
assets, hired labor, and gross income were also asked to aid other researchers who will examine the total economic impact of the
Virginia equine industry.
Respondents were assigned to one of six groups or strata. The table below shows the sampling information and response rates
from this economic survey phase.

STRATA

Number Number of
Percent
in
Complete
Completed
Sample
Questionnaires
50
28
56.0%
1,075
638
59.3%

Strata 1 – Zero Equine
Strata 2 – 1 to 5 total head of equine
Strata 3 – 6 to 15 total head of equine

940

504

53.6%

Strata 4 – 16 to 35 total head of equine

320

159

49.7%

Strata 5 – 36 to 89 total head of equine

189

80

42.3%

26

11

42.3%

2,600

1,420

54.6%

Strata 6 – 90+ total head of equine
Total Sample

The sampling rates varied. The data was collected similar to phase I. There were two mailings conducted. Those that did not
respond after two mailings were also contacted by telephone utilizing a computer assisted telephone instrument (CATI). After
the telephone phase was completed, a limited amount of face-to-face interviews were conducted. Data collection was completed
by August 2007.

SUMMARIZATION:
All questionnaires were manually reviewed for reasonableness before computer editing and summarization. Data collected from
the area frame segments were used to provide a measure of the incompleteness of the equine list. Names of individuals and/or
operators with equine found in the area frame segments were matched against the equine list. Names not found on the list were
included in the Area (Not On List ) domain. A dual frame estimator consisting of a list and area frame component was used to
generate state level direct expansions. The resulting multiple frame direct expansions were the basis for estimating the total
number of equine in Virginia. The survey was designed to provide a targeted level of precision at the state level. Non-response
adjustments were made at both the unit and item level to account for missing or incomplete data. Final survey indications were
generated using the following procedure:
List Survey Data (Adjusted for Non Response)
+
Area Frame Data (Not on Equine List)
Summary results from the first phase of the survey were used to set county level estimates and estimates by breed and usage.
Usable records from phase 1 were post stratified and a sub-sample of records was selected for inclusion in phase II of the survey.
Summary and non-response adjustment procedures in phase II were similar to that of phase I. Data collected in phase II
provided the basis for setting the expenditure estimates.

35

RESULTS:
Estimates from a sample survey will vary depending upon the units selected in the sample. The variations in the expansions are
measured by the relative error of the estimate which is the estimate divided by the statistical sampling error. The relative error
gives an indication of the confidence that can be assigned to the survey expansions. Statistically, this survey was designed to
estimate the equine population at the State level. The relative error for the total number of equine was 2.4 percent. The relative
error for sub-state and other estimates included in the report range from 5 – 18 percent at the district level to an average of 25
percent at county level.

36