BLS news release- Employment Situation 01102014

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, January 10, 2014

USDL-14-0002

Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378 • [email protected] • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • [email protected] • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact:

(202) 691-5902 • [email protected]

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — DECEMBER 2013
The unemployment rate declined from 7.0 percent to 6.7 percent in December, while total nonfarm
payroll employment edged up (+74,000), the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today.
Employment rose in retail trade and wholesale trade but was down in information.
Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,
December 2011 – December 2013

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month
change, seasonally adjusted, December 2011 –
December 2013

Percent
10.0

Thousands
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
-50
-100

9.0

8.0

7.0

6.0
Dec-11

Mar-12

Jun-12

Sep-12

Dec-12

Mar-13

Jun-13

Sep-13

Dec-13

Dec-11

Mar-12

Jun-12

Sep-12

Dec-12

Mar-13

Jun-13

Sep-13

Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data
Seasonally adjusted household survey data have been revised using updated seasonal
adjustment factors, a procedure done at the end of each calendar year. Seasonally
adjusted estimates back to January 2009 were subject to revision. The unemployment
rates for January 2013 through November 2013 (as originally published and as revised)
appear in table A on page 5, along with additional information about the revisions.

Dec-13

Household Survey Data
The number of unemployed persons declined by 490,000 to 10.4 million in December, and the
unemployment rate declined by 0.3 percentage point to 6.7 percent. Over the year, the number of
unemployed persons and the unemployment rate were down by 1.9 million and 1.2 percentage points,
respectively. (See table A-1.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (6.3 percent) and whites (5.9
percent) declined in December. The rates for adult women (6.0 percent), teenagers (20.2 percent), blacks
(11.9 percent), and Hispanics (8.3 percent) showed little change. The jobless rate for Asians was 4.1
percent (not seasonally adjusted), down by 2.5 percentage points over the year. (See tables A-1, A-2,
and A-3.)
Among the unemployed, the number of job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
decreased by 365,000 in December to 5.4 million. The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless
for 27 weeks or more), at 3.9 million, showed little change; these individuals accounted for 37.7 percent
of the unemployed. The number of long-term unemployed has declined by 894,000 over the year. (See
tables A-11 and A-12.)
The civilian labor force participation rate declined by 0.2 percentage point to 62.8 percent in
December, offsetting a change of the same magnitude in November. In December, the employmentpopulation ratio was unchanged at 58.6 percent. The labor force participation rate declined by 0.8
percentage point over the year, while the employment-population ratio was unchanged. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as
involuntary part-time workers) was essentially unchanged at 7.8 million in December. These individuals
were working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find fulltime work. (See table A-8.)
In December, 2.4 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, little changed from a
year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted
and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not
counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
(See table A-16.)
Among the marginally attached, there were 917,000 discouraged workers in December, down by
151,000 from a year earlier. Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking for work because
they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.5 million persons marginally attached to the
labor force in December had not searched for work for reasons such as school attendance or family
responsibilities. (See table A-16.)
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment edged up in December (+74,000). In 2013, job growth averaged
182,000 per month, about the same as in 2012 (+183,000 per month). In December, job gains occurred
in retail trade and wholesale trade, while employment declined in information. (See table B-1.)
Employment in retail trade rose by 55,000 in December. Within the industry, job gains occurred in
food and beverage stores (+12,000), clothing and accessories stores (+12,000), general merchandise
-2-

stores (+8,000), and motor vehicle and parts dealers (+7,000). Retail trade added an average of 32,000
jobs per month in 2013.
In December, wholesale trade added 15,000 jobs. Most of the job growth occurred in electronic markets
and agents and brokers (+9,000). Wholesale trade added an average of 8,000 jobs per month in 2013.
Employment in professional and business services continued to trend up in December (+19,000). In
2013, job growth in professional and business services averaged 53,000 per month. Within the industry,
temporary help services added 40,000 jobs in December, while employment in accounting and
bookkeeping services declined by 25,000.
Manufacturing employment continued to trend up in December (+9,000). Employment rose in primary
metals (+4,000) and petroleum and coal products (+2,000), while electronic instruments (-4,000) lost
jobs. Manufacturing added 77,000 jobs in 2013, compared with an increase of 154,000 jobs in 2012.
Employment in mining edged up in December (+5,000). The industry added 29,000 jobs over the year.
Health care employment changed little in December (-6,000). Employment gains in the industry
averaged 17,000 per month in 2013, compared with an average monthly gain of 27,000 in 2012.
Employment in information fell by 12,000 in December, driven by a decline in the motion picture and
sound recording industry (-14,000). Employment in information was essentially unchanged over the
year.
Construction employment edged down in December (-16,000). However, in 2013, the industry added
an average of 10,000 jobs per month. Employment in nonresidential specialty trade contractors declined
by 13,000 in December, possibly reflecting unusually cold weather in parts of the country.
Employment in other major industries, including transportation and warehousing, financial
activities, leisure and hospitality, and government, changed little in December.
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour to 34.4
hours in December. The manufacturing workweek was unchanged, at 41.0 hours, and factory overtime
edged up by 0.1 hour to 3.5 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory
employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour to 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)
In December, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 2
cents to $24.17. Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen by 42 cents, or 1.8 percent. In
December, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees
increased by 3 cents to $20.35. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for October remained at +200,000, and the change for
November was revised from +203,000 to +241,000. With these revisions, employment gains in October
and November were 38,000 higher than previously reported.
_____________
The Employment Situation for January is scheduled to be released on Friday, February 7, 2014, at
8:30 a.m. (EST).

-3-

Revisions in the Establishment Survey Data
Effective with the release of The Employment Situation for January 2014 on February 7,
2014, the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey will introduce revisions to
nonfarm payroll employment, hours, and earnings data to reflect the annual benchmark
adjustment for March 2013 and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Not seasonally
adjusted data beginning with April 2012 and seasonally adjusted data beginning with
January 2009 are subject to revision.

Upcoming Changes to the Household Survey
Effective with the release of The Employment Situation for January 2014 on February 7,
2014, new population controls will be used in the Current Population Survey (CPS)
estimation process. These new controls reflect the annual updating of intercensal
population estimates by the U.S. Census Bureau. In accordance with usual practice,
historical data will not be revised to incorporate the new controls; consequently,
household survey data for January 2014 will not be directly comparable with data for
December 2013 or earlier periods. A table showing the effects of the new controls on the
major labor force series will be included in the January 2014 release.

Upcoming Change to the Household Survey Tables
Effective with the release of The Employment Situation for January 2014 on February 7,
2014, household survey table A-10 will include two new seasonally adjusted series
for women age 55 and over—the number of unemployed persons and the unemployment
rate. These will replace the series that are currently displayed for this group, which are
not seasonally adjusted.

-4-

Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data
At the end of each calendar year, BLS routinely updates the seasonal adjustment factors for the labor
force series derived from the Current Population Survey (CPS), or household survey. As a result of this
process, seasonally adjusted data for January 2009 through November 2013 were subject to revision.
Table A shows the unemployment rates for January 2013 through November 2013, as first published and
as revised. The rates changed by one-tenth of a percentage point in 6 of the 11 months and were
unchanged in the remaining 5 months. Revised seasonally adjusted data for other major labor force
series beginning in December 2012 appear in table B.
An article describing the seasonal adjustment methodology for the household survey data and revised
data for January 2013 through November 2013 is available at www.bls.gov/cps/cpsrs2014.pdf.
Historical data for the household series contained in the A tables of this release can be accessed at
www.bls.gov/cps/cpsatabs.htm. Revised historical seasonally adjusted data are available at
www.bls.gov/cps/data.htm and http://download.bls.gov/pub/time.series/ln.

Table A. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates in 2013 and changes due to revision
January - November 2013
As first
Month
As revised
Change
computed
January ...........................................
February .........................................
March .............................................
April ...............................................
May ................................................
June ................................................
July ................................................
August ...........................................
September ......................................
October ..........................................
November ......................................

7.9
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.6
7.6
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.3
7.0

7.9
7.7
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.3
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.0

-5-

0.0
.0
-.1
.0
-.1
-.1
-.1
-.1
.0
-.1
.0

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table B. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
2012
Employment status, sex, and age

Dec.

2013
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1. . . . . . 244,350 244,663 244,828 244,995 245,175 245,363 245,552 245,756 245,959 246,168 246,381 246,567 246,745
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155,485 155,699 155,511 155,099 155,359 155,609 155,822 155,693 155,435 155,473 154,625 155,284 154,937
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
63.6
63.6
63.5
63.3
63.4
63.4
63.5
63.4
63.2
63.2
62.8
63.0
62.8
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,212 143,384 143,464 143,393 143,676 143,919 144,075 144,285 144,179 144,270 143,485 144,443 144,586
Employment-population ratio. . . . . .
58.6
58.6
58.6
58.5
58.6
58.7
58.7
58.7
58.6
58.6
58.2
58.6
58.6
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,273 12,315 12,047 11,706 11,683 11,690 11,747 11,408 11,256 11,203 11,140 10,841 10,351
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.9
7.9
7.7
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.3
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.0
6.7
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1. . . . . . 109,308 109,448 109,541 109,635 109,736 109,839 109,943 110,054 110,172 110,292 110,414 110,515 110,613
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,681 79,984 79,897 79,731 79,868 79,867 79,855 79,871 79,610 79,757 79,267 79,700 79,464
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
72.9
73.1
72.9
72.7
72.8
72.7
72.6
72.6
72.3
72.3
71.8
72.1
71.8
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,924 74,084 74,183 74,190 74,161 74,137 74,265 74,301 74,015 74,151 73,808 74,373 74,467
Employment-population ratio. . . . . .
67.6
67.7
67.7
67.7
67.6
67.5
67.5
67.5
67.2
67.2
66.8
67.3
67.3
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5,757
5,900
5,714
5,541
5,707
5,729
5,590
5,570
5,595
5,605
5,459
5,328
4,997
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.2
7.4
7.2
6.9
7.1
7.2
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
6.9
6.7
6.3
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1. . . . . . 118,170 118,348 118,433 118,520 118,612 118,708 118,804 118,907 119,018 119,131 119,246 119,341 119,433
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,031 69,817 69,770 69,629 69,764 69,871 70,099 69,986 70,115 69,898 69,652 69,871 69,831
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59.3
59.0
58.9
58.7
58.8
58.9
59.0
58.9
58.9
58.7
58.4
58.5
58.5
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,901 64,790 64,911 64,838 65,148 65,323 65,340 65,514 65,743 65,539 65,229 65,547 65,617
Employment-population ratio. . . . . .
54.9
54.7
54.8
54.7
54.9
55.0
55.0
55.1
55.2
55.0
54.7
54.9
54.9
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5,131
5,027
4,859
4,791
4,616
4,548
4,760
4,473
4,372
4,359
4,423
4,323
4,214
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.3
7.2
7.0
6.9
6.6
6.5
6.8
6.4
6.2
6.2
6.4
6.2
6.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1. . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,871
5,773
34.2
4,387
26.0
1,385
24.0

16,867
5,898
35.0
4,510
26.7
1,388
23.5

16,854
5,844
34.7
4,370
25.9
1,474
25.2

16,840
5,739
34.1
4,365
25.9
1,374
23.9

16,827
5,727
34.0
4,368
26.0
1,360
23.7

16,816
5,872
34.9
4,459
26.5
1,413
24.1

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.

-6-

16,805
5,868
34.9
4,470
26.6
1,398
23.8

16,795
5,836
34.7
4,470
26.6
1,365
23.4

16,770
5,710
34.1
4,421
26.4
1,289
22.6

16,745
5,818
34.7
4,580
27.4
1,239
21.3

16,721
5,706
34.1
4,448
26.6
1,258
22.0

16,710
5,713
34.2
4,523
27.1
1,190
20.8

16,700
5,642
33.8
4,502
27.0
1,140
20.2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category

Dec.
2012

Oct.
2013

Nov.
2013

Change from:
Nov. 2013Dec. 2013

Dec.
2013

Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force.......................................................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed.................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio......................................... .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

244,350
155,485
63.6
143,212
58.6
12,273
7.9
88,865

246,381
154,625
62.8
143,485
58.2
11,140
7.2
91,756

246,567
155,284
63.0
144,443
58.6
10,841
7.0
91,283

246,745
154,937
62.8
144,586
58.6
10,351
6.7
91,808

178
-347
-0.2
143
0.0
-490
-0.3
525

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian (not seasonally adjusted)........................................... .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ .

7.9
7.2
7.3
24.0
6.9
14.0
6.6
9.5

7.2
6.9
6.4
22.0
6.3
13.0
5.2
9.0

7.0
6.7
6.2
20.8
6.1
12.4
5.3
8.7

6.7
6.3
6.0
20.2
5.9
11.9
4.1
8.3

-0.3
-0.4
-0.2
-0.6
-0.2
-0.5
–
-0.4

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. .

6.5
11.6
8.1
6.9
4.0

6.0
10.8
7.3
6.3
3.8

5.8
10.6
7.3
6.4
3.4

5.6
9.8
7.1
6.1
3.3

-0.2
-0.8
-0.2
-0.3
-0.1

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers..................................................................... .
Reentrants...................................................................... .
New entrants................................................................... .

6,475
1,000
3,615
1,296

6,162
842
3,104
1,217

5,731
890
3,065
1,169

5,366
862
3,036
1,201

-365
-28
-29
32

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over............................................................ .

2,688
2,876
1,862
4,772

2,794
2,636
1,777
4,047

2,439
2,585
1,742
4,044

2,255
2,506
1,651
3,878

-184
-79
-91
-166

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons. . ....................................... .

7,929
4,991
2,604
18,825

8,016
5,025
2,585
18,755

7,723
4,869
2,499
18,858

7,771
4,884
2,592
18,731

48
15
93
-127

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers....................................................... .

2,614
1,068

2,283
815

2,096
762

2,427
917

–
–

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will
not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Dec.
2012

Oct.
2013

Nov.
2013p

Dec.
2013p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

219
224
58
7
38
13
11
1.4
2
166
6.5
6.2
34.8
-9
9
35
12.3
36
42.9
40
6
-5

200
217
30
5
8
17
11
3.3
6
187
-5.8
55.3
0.7
2
9
52
13.0
26
21.9
45
4
-17

241
226
51
1
19
31
21
5.6
10
175
9.8
21.9
34.9
1
1
41
12.8
41
35.4
20
4
15

74
87
-3
4
-16
9
6
1.0
3
90
15.4
55.3
-0.6
-12
4
19
40.4
0
-1.0
9
1
-13

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49.3
47.9
82.6

49.4
47.9
82.6

49.4
47.9
82.6

49.4
48.0
82.6

HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34.5
$23.75
$819.38
97.5
0.5
110.4
0.8

34.4
$24.11
$829.38
98.8
0.1
113.7
0.4

34.5
$24.15
$833.18
99.3
0.5
114.4
0.6

34.4
$24.17
$831.45
99.1
-0.2
114.2
-0.2

HOURS AND EARNINGS
PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33.7
$19.93
$671.64
104.9
0.2
139.6
0.5

33.6
$20.27
$681.07
106.2
-0.1
143.8
0.0

33.7
$20.32
$684.78
106.8
0.6
144.9
0.8

33.6
$20.35
$683.76
106.5
-0.3
144.8
-0.1

65.2
58.0

61.7
56.8

63.2
63.6

58.8
60.5

Category

DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (266 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing (81 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the
service-providing industries.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
4
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5
Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
2

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of
employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series
has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household
survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about
100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically
significant change in the household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private
household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences
between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf.
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,
it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which
identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the
foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The
Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax
records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments
with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the
reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and
industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net
employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an
econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based
on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census
of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and
availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons
who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the
unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There
is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job,
including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged
workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each
month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these
alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the month.
Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than on
employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including pay
for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically,
but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be
off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers, such
as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
In order for severe weather conditions to reduce the estimate of payroll employment, employees have
to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Slightly more than 20 percent of all employees
in the payroll survey sample have a weekly pay period. Employees who receive pay for any part of
the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. It is not possible to
quantify the effect of extreme weather on estimates of over-the-month change in employment.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th of
the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as
employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the
number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure
of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours. Current and historical
data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page at http://data.bls.gov/cgibin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey
(CES; establishment survey). The household survey
provides information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census
Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm
payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of
nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the
CES program surveys about 145,000 businesses and
government agencies, representing approximately 557,000
individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry
data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes
approximately one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that
contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the
calendar week.

employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The
unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and
the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population. Additional information
about the household survey can be found at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous
conceptual and methodological differences between the
household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the
surveys. Among these are:

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific efforts to find employment
sometime during the 4-week period ending with the
reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting
recall need not be looking for work to be counted as
unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the
household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and
unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are
counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are
produced for the private sector for all employees and for
production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and
nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and
related employees in manufacturing and mining and
logging, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing
industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an
establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the
2012 version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.



The household survey includes agricultural
workers, self-employed workers whose businesses
are unicorporated, unpaid family workers, and
private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment
survey.



The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.



The household survey is limited to workers 16
years of age and older. The establishment survey is
not limited by age.



The household survey has no duplication of
individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays,
and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in employment or increases in the
participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For
example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure
any other changes that have taken place relative to May,
making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the
establishment survey, payroll employment in education
declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term
and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because
seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of
the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more
discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a more
useful tool with which to analyze changes in month-tomonth economic activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most
major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived
by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex
components; this differs from the unemployment estimate
that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by
combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age
categories.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling

error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the
establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus
90,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment
increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90percent confidence interval on the monthly change would
range from -40,000 to +140,000 (50,000 +/- 90,000). These
figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this
interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero,
we could not say with confidence that nonfarm employment
had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the
values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be
greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen
that month. At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent,
the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change
in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the
unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.2 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time,
such as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all
respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of
respondents to provide correct information on a timely
basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in
the collection or processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates
for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete
returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive
revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered
final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to

account for business births. The first component excludes
employment losses from business deaths from samplebased estimation in order to offset the missing employment
gains from business births. This is incorporated into the
sample-based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting
sample units going out of business, but imputing to them
the same employment trend as the other firms in the
sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net
birth/death employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series
model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death
employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA
model was derived from the unemployment insurance
universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment

survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to
universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough
proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also
incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over
the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total
nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a
range from -0.7 to 0.6 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

Dec.
2012

Nov.
2013

Dec.
2013

Dec.
2012

Aug.
2013

Sept.
2013

Oct.
2013

Nov.
2013

Dec.
2013

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

244,350
154,904
63.4
143,060
58.5
11,844
7.6
89,445
6,532

246,567
155,046
62.9
144,775
58.7
10,271
6.6
91,521
5,437

246,745
154,408
62.6
144,423
58.5
9,984
6.5
92,338
5,932

244,350
155,485
63.6
143,212
58.6
12,273
7.9
88,865
6,725

245,959
155,435
63.2
144,179
58.6
11,256
7.2
90,524
6,241

246,168
155,473
63.2
144,270
58.6
11,203
7.2
90,695
6,118

246,381
154,625
62.8
143,485
58.2
11,140
7.2
91,756
6,100

246,567
155,284
63.0
144,443
58.6
10,841
7.0
91,283
5,779

246,745
154,937
62.8
144,586
58.6
10,351
6.7
91,808
6,111

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

117,902
82,190
69.7
75,686
64.2
6,503
7.9
35,712

119,011
82,397
69.2
76,726
64.5
5,671
6.9
36,614

119,103
81,985
68.8
76,403
64.1
5,583
6.8
37,118

117,902
82,536
70.0
76,016
64.5
6,520
7.9
35,366

118,700
82,499
69.5
76,182
64.2
6,317
7.7
36,201

118,807
82,806
69.7
76,464
64.4
6,342
7.7
36,000

118,916
82,186
69.1
76,014
63.9
6,171
7.5
36,730

119,011
82,554
69.4
76,560
64.3
5,993
7.3
36,458

119,103
82,323
69.1
76,723
64.4
5,599
6.8
36,780

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

109,308
79,552
72.8
73,716
67.4
5,836
7.3
29,756

110,515
79,743
72.2
74,686
67.6
5,058
6.3
30,772

110,613
79,335
71.7
74,275
67.1
5,060
6.4
31,278

109,308
79,681
72.9
73,924
67.6
5,757
7.2
29,627

110,172
79,610
72.3
74,015
67.2
5,595
7.0
30,562

110,292
79,757
72.3
74,151
67.2
5,605
7.0
30,536

110,414
79,267
71.8
73,808
66.8
5,459
6.9
31,147

110,515
79,700
72.1
74,373
67.3
5,328
6.7
30,815

110,613
79,464
71.8
74,467
67.3
4,997
6.3
31,149

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

126,447
72,715
57.5
67,373
53.3
5,341
7.3
53,733

127,555
72,649
57.0
68,049
53.3
4,600
6.3
54,907

127,642
72,423
56.7
68,021
53.3
4,402
6.1
55,220

126,447
72,949
57.7
67,196
53.1
5,753
7.9
53,498

127,260
72,937
57.3
67,997
53.4
4,939
6.8
54,323

127,361
72,667
57.1
67,806
53.2
4,862
6.7
54,694

127,465
72,439
56.8
67,471
52.9
4,969
6.9
55,026

127,555
72,730
57.0
67,882
53.2
4,848
6.7
54,825

127,642
72,614
56.9
67,862
53.2
4,752
6.5
55,028

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

118,170
69,980
59.2
65,152
55.1
4,828
6.9
48,190

119,341
69,912
58.6
65,775
55.1
4,137
5.9
49,429

119,433
69,809
58.5
65,849
55.1
3,960
5.7
49,624

118,170
70,031
59.3
64,901
54.9
5,131
7.3
48,138

119,018
70,115
58.9
65,743
55.2
4,372
6.2
48,903

119,131
69,898
58.7
65,539
55.0
4,359
6.2
49,232

119,246
69,652
58.4
65,229
54.7
4,423
6.4
49,593

119,341
69,871
58.5
65,547
54.9
4,323
6.2
49,470

119,433
69,831
58.5
65,617
54.9
4,214
6.0
49,602

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,871
5,372
31.8
4,192
24.8
1,180
22.0
11,499

16,710
5,390
32.3
4,315
25.8
1,076
20.0
11,320

16,700
5,264
31.5
4,300
25.7
964
18.3
11,436

16,871
5,773
34.2
4,387
26.0
1,385
24.0
11,099

16,770
5,710
34.1
4,421
26.4
1,289
22.6
11,059

16,745
5,818
34.7
4,580
27.4
1,239
21.3
10,927

16,721
5,706
34.1
4,448
26.6
1,258
22.0
11,015

16,710
5,713
34.2
4,523
27.1
1,190
20.8
10,997

16,700
5,642
33.8
4,502
27.0
1,140
20.2
11,058

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

Dec.
2012

Nov.
2013

Dec.
2013

Dec.
2012

Aug.
2013

Sept.
2013

Oct.
2013

Nov.
2013

Dec.
2013

193,849
123,404
63.7
115,213
59.4
8,191
6.6
70,445

194,833
123,123
63.2
116,056
59.6
7,067
5.7
71,710

194,927
122,621
62.9
115,640
59.3
6,982
5.7
72,306

193,849
123,741
63.8
115,221
59.4
8,520
6.9
70,109

194,489
123,327
63.4
115,463
59.4
7,864
6.4
71,162

194,610
123,123
63.3
115,374
59.3
7,748
6.3
71,487

194,734
122,621
63.0
114,901
59.0
7,719
6.3
72,113

194,833
123,050
63.2
115,514
59.3
7,536
6.1
71,783

194,927
122,879
63.0
115,623
59.3
7,256
5.9
72,048

64,562
73.2
60,415
68.5
4,148
6.4

64,475
72.6
60,871
68.6
3,605
5.6

64,190
72.3
60,538
68.2
3,652
5.7

64,608
73.3
60,546
68.7
4,063
6.3

64,410
72.7
60,417
68.2
3,993
6.2

64,307
72.5
60,414
68.2
3,893
6.1

64,000
72.1
60,107
67.8
3,893
6.1

64,287
72.4
60,480
68.1
3,806
5.9

64,221
72.3
60,637
68.3
3,584
5.6

54,494
58.5
51,303
55.1
3,191
5.9

54,298
58.0
51,596
55.1
2,702
5.0

54,249
57.9
51,589
55.1
2,660
4.9

54,454
58.5
51,019
54.8
3,435
6.3

54,456
58.3
51,489
55.1
2,968
5.4

54,237
58.0
51,258
54.8
2,978
5.5

54,044
57.8
51,100
54.6
2,944
5.4

54,181
57.9
51,307
54.8
2,874
5.3

54,173
57.8
51,308
54.8
2,866
5.3

4,348
34.6
3,495
27.8
853
19.6

4,350
35.0
3,589
28.8
760
17.5

4,182
33.6
3,513
28.2
669
16.0

4,678
37.2
3,656
29.1
1,022
21.8

4,461
35.7
3,558
28.5
903
20.3

4,579
36.7
3,702
29.7
877
19.1

4,577
36.8
3,694
29.7
883
19.3

4,582
36.8
3,727
30.0
855
18.7

4,485
36.1
3,678
29.6
806
18.0

30,093
18,350
61.0
15,832
52.6
2,518
13.7
11,743

30,535
18,460
60.5
16,262
53.3
2,199
11.9
12,075

30,569
18,315
59.9
16,194
53.0
2,121
11.6
12,254

30,093
18,435
61.3
15,848
52.7
2,586
14.0
11,658

30,426
18,468
60.7
16,084
52.9
2,385
12.9
11,957

30,462
18,675
61.3
16,248
53.3
2,428
13.0
11,787

30,500
18,541
60.8
16,133
52.9
2,408
13.0
11,959

30,535
18,482
60.5
16,188
53.0
2,295
12.4
12,053

30,569
18,401
60.2
16,215
53.0
2,186
11.9
12,168

8,313
67.5
7,162
58.2
1,150
13.8

8,362
66.5
7,416
59.0
945
11.3

8,259
65.6
7,305
58.0
954
11.6

8,307
67.5
7,155
58.1
1,152
13.9

8,306
66.4
7,197
57.6
1,109
13.4

8,503
67.9
7,305
58.3
1,199
14.1

8,354
66.6
7,287
58.1
1,067
12.8

8,334
66.3
7,327
58.3
1,007
12.1

8,255
65.6
7,302
58.0
953
11.5

9,438
62.1
8,298
54.6
1,140
12.1

9,471
61.4
8,443
54.7
1,028
10.9

9,423
61.0
8,459
54.7
964
10.2

9,470
62.3
8,307
54.7
1,163
12.3

9,437
61.4
8,436
54.9
1,001
10.6

9,425
61.2
8,459
55.0
966
10.2

9,496
61.6
8,403
54.5
1,093
11.5

9,475
61.4
8,428
54.6
1,047
11.1

9,451
61.2
8,466
54.8
986
10.4

600
23.1
371
14.3
228
38.0

628
24.8
402
15.9
225
35.9

633
25.0
429
17.0
204
32.2

658
25.3
386
14.9
272
41.3

726
28.4
451
17.6
275
37.9

748
29.3
484
19.0
263
35.2

691
27.2
442
17.4
248
36.0

673
26.5
433
17.1
240
35.7

694
27.4
448
17.7
246
35.5

12,935

13,484

13,493

–

–

–

–

–

–

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dec.
2012
8,501
65.7
7,940
61.4
561
6.6
4,434

Nov.
2013
8,666
64.3
8,209
60.9
457
5.3
4,819

Dec.
2013
8,715
64.6
8,355
61.9
360
4.1
4,778

Dec.
2012

Aug.
2013
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Sept.
2013
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Oct.
2013
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Nov.
2013
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Dec.
2013
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.

–
–
–
–
–
–
–

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Dec.
2012

Nov.
2013

Dec.
2013

Dec.
2012

Aug.
2013

Sept.
2013

Oct.
2013

Nov.
2013

Dec.
2013

37,231
24,487
65.8
22,137
59.5
2,350
9.6
12,744

37,876
25,060
66.2
22,905
60.5
2,154
8.6
12,817

37,955
24,807
65.4
22,741
59.9
2,066
8.3
13,148

37,231
24,534
65.9
22,197
59.6
2,338
9.5
12,697

37,630
24,918
66.2
22,603
60.1
2,315
9.3
12,712

37,713
24,821
65.8
22,601
59.9
2,220
8.9
12,892

37,796
24,783
65.6
22,543
59.6
2,240
9.0
13,013

37,876
25,124
66.3
22,949
60.6
2,175
8.7
12,753

37,955
24,863
65.5
22,805
60.1
2,058
8.3
13,092

13,500
80.3
12,366
73.6
1,134
8.4

13,967
81.6
12,896
75.4
1,071
7.7

13,799
80.5
12,766
74.4
1,032
7.5

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

9,941
59.3
9,004
53.7
938
9.4

10,018
58.6
9,192
53.7
826
8.2

9,978
58.2
9,174
53.5
804
8.1

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

1,046
28.6
767
21.0
278
26.6

1,075
29.4
817
22.4
257
23.9

1,030
28.2
800
21.9
230
22.3

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment

Seasonally adjusted

Dec.
2012

Nov.
2013

Dec.
2013

Dec.
2012

Aug.
2013

Sept.
2013

Oct.
2013

Nov.
2013

Dec.
2013

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11,156
45.2
9,785
39.7
1,371
12.3

10,937
44.6
9,784
39.9
1,153
10.5

10,754
43.7
9,641
39.2
1,113
10.4

11,127
45.1
9,837
39.9
1,290
11.6

10,945
45.4
9,712
40.3
1,232
11.3

10,867
44.5
9,739
39.9
1,128
10.4

10,721
44.6
9,563
39.8
1,158
10.8

10,898
44.5
9,741
39.7
1,157
10.6

10,748
43.7
9,699
39.4
1,049
9.8

High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36,892
59.4
33,921
54.6
2,971
8.1

35,960
58.3
33,464
54.2
2,496
6.9

36,473
58.4
33,894
54.3
2,580
7.1

36,623
59.0
33,673
54.2
2,949
8.1

36,607
59.0
33,857
54.6
2,750
7.5

36,589
58.9
33,834
54.5
2,756
7.5

36,311
58.4
33,665
54.2
2,646
7.3

35,895
58.2
33,277
53.9
2,618
7.3

36,242
58.0
33,677
53.9
2,565
7.1

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37,341
68.6
34,857
64.1
2,484
6.7

37,406
67.8
35,121
63.7
2,285
6.1

36,926
67.4
34,730
63.4
2,197
5.9

37,419
68.8
34,851
64.1
2,568
6.9

37,409
67.0
35,114
62.9
2,295
6.1

37,277
67.1
35,007
63.1
2,270
6.1

37,201
66.8
34,852
62.6
2,350
6.3

37,244
67.5
34,872
63.2
2,372
6.4

37,021
67.6
34,750
63.4
2,272
6.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48,758
75.7
46,892
72.8
1,866
3.8

49,919
75.2
48,302
72.8
1,616
3.2

49,612
75.0
48,053
72.7
1,559
3.1

48,900
75.9
46,964
72.9
1,936
4.0

49,091
75.4
47,394
72.8
1,696
3.5

49,195
75.3
47,395
72.6
1,800
3.7

49,329
75.0
47,467
72.2
1,863
3.8

49,929
75.2
48,246
72.7
1,683
3.4

49,759
75.3
48,134
72.8
1,625
3.3

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Dec.
2012

Men
Dec.
2013

Dec.
2012

Women
Dec.
2013

Dec.
2012

Dec.
2013

VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21,062
10,806
51.3
10,050
47.7
757
7.0
10,256

21,250
10,785
50.8
10,196
48.0
588
5.5
10,465

19,235
9,699
50.4
9,043
47.0
656
6.8
9,536

19,015
9,341
49.1
8,793
46.2
548
5.9
9,674

1,827
1,107
60.6
1,007
55.1
100
9.1
720

2,235
1,443
64.6
1,403
62.8
41
2.8
792

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,544
2,099
82.5
1,874
73.7
226
10.8
445

2,938
2,428
82.6
2,250
76.6
178
7.3
511

2,128
1,805
84.8
1,625
76.4
180
9.9
323

2,303
1,945
84.4
1,778
77.2
166
8.6
358

416
294
70.8
248
59.7
46
15.7
122

635
483
76.0
472
74.3
11
2.3
152

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,044
2,534
83.2
2,395
78.7
139
5.5
510

3,130
2,654
84.8
2,528
80.7
127
4.8
476

2,529
2,154
85.2
2,043
80.8
111
5.2
375

2,562
2,245
87.6
2,131
83.2
114
5.1
317

515
380
73.7
352
68.3
28
7.3
135

568
409
72.0
396
69.8
13
3.1
159

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9,726
2,960
30.4
2,776
28.5
184
6.2
6,765

9,656
2,691
27.9
2,542
26.3
149
5.6
6,965

9,403
2,868
30.5
2,685
28.6
183
6.4
6,535

9,298
2,599
28.0
2,455
26.4
144
5.5
6,699

322
93
28.7
91
28.2
1
1.6
230

358
92
25.7
87
24.2
5
5.9
266

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,748
3,213
55.9
3,005
52.3
208
6.5
2,536

5,526
3,011
54.5
2,877
52.1
135
4.5
2,514

5,175
2,872
55.5
2,689
52.0
183
6.4
2,303

4,852
2,552
52.6
2,428
50.1
123
4.8
2,300

574
341
59.4
316
55.0
25
7.3
233

674
460
68.2
448
66.5
11
2.5
214

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

214,280
142,344
66.4
131,668
61.4
10,676
7.5
71,936

216,600
141,800
65.5
132,788
61.3
9,012
6.4
74,800

94,027
71,654
76.2
66,012
70.2
5,642
7.9
22,374

95,615
71,750
75.0
66,919
70.0
4,831
6.7
23,865

120,253
70,690
58.8
65,656
54.6
5,034
7.1
49,562

120,985
70,050
57.9
65,869
54.4
4,181
6.0
50,935

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Beginning with data for January 2013, estimates for veterans incorporate population
controls derived from the updated Department of Veterans Affairs’ population model.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons with a disability
Employment status, sex, and age

Dec.
2012

Dec.
2013

Persons with no disability
Dec.
2012

Dec.
2013

TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

28,705
5,893
20.5
5,202
18.1
691
11.7
22,812

28,519
5,345
18.7
4,711
16.5
634
11.9
23,173

215,645
149,011
69.1
137,858
63.9
11,154
7.5
66,634

218,226
149,062
68.3
139,712
64.0
9,350
6.3
69,164

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,683
34.2
2,308
29.4
375
14.0
5,164

2,276
30.6
1,960
26.3
316
13.9
5,166

75,081
82.3
69,228
75.9
5,853
7.8
16,135

75,198
81.7
70,170
76.2
5,028
6.7
16,898

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,190
28.6
1,935
25.3
254
11.6
5,463

2,141
27.7
1,866
24.1
275
12.9
5,598

67,072
70.6
62,176
65.5
4,896
7.3
27,866

66,638
69.9
62,680
65.8
3,958
5.9
28,676

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

1,020
7.7
959
7.3
61
6.0
12,185

928
7.0
885
6.6
43
4.7
12,410

6,858
23.3
6,454
21.9
404
5.9
22,632

7,226
23.4
6,862
22.3
364
5.0
23,590

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty
seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or
emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and nativity

Dec.
2012

Men
Dec.
2013

Dec.
2012

Women
Dec.
2013

Dec.
2012

Dec.
2013

Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

37,999
25,248
66.4
23,216
61.1
2,032
8.0
12,751

38,481
25,429
66.1
23,787
61.8
1,642
6.5
13,052

18,386
14,468
78.7
13,386
72.8
1,082
7.5
3,918

18,559
14,669
79.0
13,790
74.3
879
6.0
3,891

19,613
10,780
55.0
9,830
50.1
951
8.8
8,833

19,922
10,761
54.0
9,997
50.2
763
7.1
9,161

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

206,351
129,656
62.8
119,844
58.1
9,812
7.6
76,695

208,264
128,979
61.9
120,636
57.9
8,342
6.5
79,286

99,516
67,722
68.1
62,300
62.6
5,422
8.0
31,795

100,544
67,317
67.0
62,613
62.3
4,704
7.0
33,227

106,835
61,934
58.0
57,544
53.9
4,391
7.1
44,900

107,720
61,662
57.2
58,023
53.9
3,639
5.9
46,058

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States
or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born
in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government.................................... .
Private industries..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .
Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other industries............................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Seasonally adjusted

Dec.
2012

Nov.
2013

Dec.
2013

Dec.
2012

Aug.
2013

Sept.
2013

Oct.
2013

Nov.
2013

Dec.
2013

1,922
1,205
683
33
141,138
132,234
20,839
111,395
732
110,663
8,819
85

2,050
1,258
754
38
142,725
134,074
20,211
113,863
849
113,014
8,589
62

2,075
1,301
742
32
142,348
133,911
20,280
113,631
837
112,794
8,380
57

2,066
1,276
747
–
141,121
132,160
20,643
111,559
–
110,747
8,953
–

2,205
1,370
819
–
141,918
133,247
20,373
112,926
–
112,252
8,646
–

2,208
1,399
774
–
142,058
133,323
20,172
113,138
–
112,454
8,614
–

2,208
1,348
796
–
141,449
132,859
19,706
113,184
–
112,370
8,528
–

2,139
1,310
780
–
142,317
133,694
20,086
113,610
–
112,760
8,547
–

2,229
1,377
812
–
142,337
133,858
20,063
113,818
–
112,918
8,506
–

8,166
5,154
2,593
19,308

7,563
4,793
2,504
19,628

7,990
5,022
2,579
19,194

7,929
4,991
2,604
18,825

7,898
4,788
2,663
19,305

7,914
4,955
2,548
18,919

8,016
5,025
2,585
18,755

7,723
4,869
2,499
18,858

7,771
4,884
2,592
18,731

8,038
5,087
2,568
18,993

7,478
4,738
2,494
19,320

7,848
4,927
2,570
18,836

7,823
4,936
2,577
18,541

7,765
4,734
2,676
18,817

7,850
4,895
2,548
18,627

7,921
4,967
2,593
18,438

7,619
4,807
2,484
18,593

7,650
4,801
2,586
18,436

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for
the entire week.
3
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business
conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4
Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or
training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to
34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Seasonally adjusted

Dec.
2012

Nov.
2013

Dec.
2013

Dec.
2012

Aug.
2013

Sept.
2013

Oct.
2013

Nov.
2013

Dec.
2013

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

143,060
4,192
1,342
2,849
138,868
13,412
125,456
94,305
31,162
30,523
32,620
31,151

144,775
4,315
1,519
2,796
140,460
13,789
126,671
94,953
31,652
30,814
32,487
31,718

144,423
4,300
1,439
2,860
140,124
13,806
126,318
94,708
31,651
30,736
32,321
31,609

143,212
4,387
1,425
2,934
138,825
13,501
125,426
94,257
31,082
30,518
32,656
31,170

144,179
4,421
1,430
3,007
139,758
13,568
126,192
94,431
31,173
30,778
32,480
31,761

144,270
4,580
1,476
3,102
139,690
13,689
126,013
94,492
31,287
30,761
32,443
31,521

143,485
4,448
1,512
2,943
139,037
13,685
125,519
94,014
31,206
30,579
32,228
31,505

144,443
4,523
1,555
2,917
139,920
13,733
126,232
94,562
31,430
30,682
32,450
31,670

144,586
4,502
1,530
2,943
140,083
13,875
126,289
94,660
31,546
30,741
32,372
31,629

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75,686
1,971
632
1,339
73,716
6,969
66,747
50,286
16,801
16,437
17,048
16,460

76,726
2,040
693
1,348
74,686
7,101
67,585
50,794
17,117
16,635
17,042
16,790

76,403
2,128
690
1,438
74,275
7,020
67,255
50,540
17,021
16,583
16,936
16,714

76,016
2,092
683
1,386
73,924
7,061
66,904
50,381
16,800
16,459
17,122
16,523

76,182
2,167
684
1,505
74,015
6,969
67,123
50,405
16,807
16,573
17,025
16,718

76,464
2,313
720
1,593
74,151
7,044
67,112
50,453
16,904
16,548
17,001
16,659

76,014
2,206
737
1,477
73,808
6,998
66,927
50,252
16,820
16,552
16,879
16,676

76,560
2,188
752
1,421
74,373
7,045
67,345
50,591
16,953
16,563
17,075
16,755

76,723
2,257
743
1,489
74,467
7,097
67,400
50,626
17,007
16,610
17,009
16,774

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

67,373
2,221
710
1,511
65,152
6,443
58,709
44,019
14,361
14,086
15,572
14,690

68,049
2,275
826
1,448
65,775
6,688
59,086
44,159
14,535
14,179
15,445
14,927

68,021
2,172
749
1,422
65,849
6,786
59,063
44,168
14,630
14,153
15,385
14,895

67,196
2,295
743
1,548
64,901
6,440
58,522
43,875
14,282
14,059
15,534
14,646

67,997
2,254
746
1,502
65,743
6,599
59,069
44,026
14,365
14,205
15,456
15,043

67,806
2,266
756
1,509
65,539
6,646
58,901
44,038
14,383
14,214
15,442
14,862

67,471
2,242
775
1,466
65,229
6,687
58,591
43,762
14,386
14,027
15,349
14,829

67,882
2,335
803
1,497
65,547
6,688
58,887
43,971
14,477
14,118
15,376
14,916

67,862
2,246
787
1,454
65,617
6,778
58,888
44,034
14,539
14,131
15,363
14,855

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44,014
34,942
9,125

44,480
34,695
9,184

44,030
34,807
9,230

43,920
34,550
–

43,973
34,701
–

43,720
34,523
–

43,832
34,333
–

44,162
34,366
–

43,939
34,404
–

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

115,079
27,980

116,875
27,900

116,661
27,762

115,735
27,560

116,301
27,888

116,883
27,421

116,306
27,211

116,951
27,461

117,278
27,372

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,081
4.9

6,973
4.8

6,934
4.8

7,032
4.9

7,048
4.9

7,007
4.9

6,948
4.8

6,880
4.8

6,877
4.8

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,175
9,502

5,330
9,343

5,433
9,122

–
9,700

–
9,466

–
9,388

–
9,323

–
9,327

–
9,317

1

Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Dec.
2012

Nov.
2013

Dec.
2013

Dec.
2012

Aug.
2013

Sept.
2013

Oct.
2013

Nov.
2013

Dec.
2013

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12,273
1,385
511
869
10,888
2,178
8,718
6,793
2,601
2,162
2,030
1,947

10,841
1,190
479
701
9,651
1,808
7,840
6,198
2,507
1,833
1,858
1,619

10,351
1,140
478
658
9,212
1,733
7,469
5,795
2,326
1,741
1,728
1,700

7.9
24.0
26.4
22.9
7.3
13.9
6.5
6.7
7.7
6.6
5.9
5.9

7.2
22.6
26.0
21.5
6.7
12.8
6.0
6.3
7.8
5.6
5.5
5.1

7.2
21.3
25.4
19.6
6.7
12.8
5.9
6.1
7.3
5.6
5.5
5.3

7.2
22.0
23.8
21.1
6.6
12.2
6.0
6.3
7.2
5.7
5.9
5.4

7.0
20.8
23.6
19.4
6.5
11.6
5.8
6.2
7.4
5.6
5.4
4.9

6.7
20.2
23.8
18.3
6.2
11.1
5.6
5.8
6.9
5.4
5.1
5.1

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,520
763
241
506
5,757
1,137
4,612
3,523
1,400
1,077
1,045
1,089

5,993
666
247
416
5,328
991
4,337
3,411
1,371
1,027
1,012
927

5,599
602
242
348
4,997
945
4,050
3,111
1,288
931
893
938

7.9
26.7
26.1
26.8
7.2
13.9
6.4
6.5
7.7
6.1
5.8
6.2

7.7
25.0
26.5
25.1
7.0
14.2
6.3
6.5
8.4
5.6
5.6
5.4

7.7
24.1
28.0
22.6
7.0
14.7
6.2
6.4
7.7
5.7
5.7
5.5

7.5
24.4
23.3
25.3
6.9
13.7
6.2
6.4
7.5
5.7
6.0
5.6

7.3
23.3
24.7
22.7
6.7
12.3
6.1
6.3
7.5
5.8
5.6
5.2

6.8
21.1
24.6
18.9
6.3
11.8
5.7
5.8
7.0
5.3
5.0
5.3

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,753
622
270
363
5,131
1,041
4,106
3,270
1,201
1,085
984
794

4,848
525
233
285
4,323
817
3,503
2,787
1,136
806
846
661

4,752
538
235
310
4,214
787
3,420
2,684
1,038
810
835
709

7.9
21.3
26.6
19.0
7.3
13.9
6.6
6.9
7.8
7.2
6.0
5.1

6.8
20.1
25.5
17.6
6.2
11.3
5.7
6.0
7.0
5.7
5.3
5.2

6.7
18.1
22.8
16.2
6.2
10.7
5.6
5.9
6.9
5.5
5.3
5.1

6.9
19.6
24.2
16.4
6.4
10.7
5.9
6.1
6.9
5.8
5.7
5.1

6.7
18.3
22.5
16.0
6.2
10.9
5.6
6.0
7.3
5.4
5.2
4.2

6.5
19.3
23.0
17.6
6.0
10.4
5.5
5.7
6.7
5.4
5.2
4.5

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present..................... .
Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,139
1,891
1,166

1,916
1,605
982

1,744
1,602
884

4.6
5.2
11.3

4.3
4.2
11.0

4.3
4.4
8.8

4.5
4.7
9.5

4.2
4.5
9.7

3.8
4.5
8.7

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10,412
1,794

9,176
1,631

8,566
1,722

8.3
6.1

7.6
5.7

7.5
5.8

7.6
5.5

7.3
5.6

6.8
5.9

1

Not seasonally adjusted.
Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time
jobs.
3
Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from
part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Reason

Dec.
2012

Nov.
2013

Seasonally adjusted

Dec.
2013

Dec.
2012

Aug.
2013

Sept.
2013

Oct.
2013

Nov.
2013

Dec.
2013

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . .
Job leavers.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .

6,592
1,244
5,348
4,070
1,278
933
3,228
1,092

5,400
912
4,488
3,329
1,160
874
2,935
1,062

5,460
1,109
4,351
3,192
1,159
802
2,715
1,007

6,475
1,110
5,365
4,099
1,266
1,000
3,615
1,296

5,887
1,059
4,828
3,638
1,190
890
3,116
1,295

5,803
1,091
4,712
3,531
1,181
984
3,165
1,211

6,162
1,507
4,655
3,496
1,159
842
3,104
1,217

5,731
1,128
4,603
3,428
1,174
890
3,065
1,169

5,366
997
4,369
3,219
1,150
862
3,036
1,201

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .

55.7
10.5
45.2
7.9
27.3
9.2

52.6
8.9
43.7
8.5
28.6
10.3

54.7
11.1
43.6
8.0
27.2
10.1

52.3
9.0
43.3
8.1
29.2
10.5

52.6
9.5
43.2
8.0
27.9
11.6

52.0
9.8
42.2
8.8
28.4
10.9

54.4
13.3
41.1
7.4
27.4
10.7

52.8
10.4
42.4
8.2
28.2
10.8

51.3
9.5
41.8
8.2
29.0
11.5

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .

4.3
0.6
2.1
0.7

3.5
0.6
1.9
0.7

3.5
0.5
1.8
0.7

4.2
0.6
2.3
0.8

3.8
0.6
2.0
0.8

3.7
0.6
2.0
0.8

4.0
0.5
2.0
0.8

3.7
0.6
2.0
0.8

3.5
0.6
2.0
0.8

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Duration

Dec.
2012

Nov.
2013

Dec.
2013

Seasonally adjusted
Dec.
2012

Aug.
2013

Sept.
2013

Oct.
2013

Nov.
2013

Dec.
2013

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,678
2,732
6,435
1,817
4,618

2,155
2,449
5,666
1,677
3,989

2,236
2,376
5,372
1,619
3,753

2,688
2,876
6,634
1,862
4,772

2,527
2,738
5,973
1,704
4,269

2,571
2,685
5,927
1,802
4,125

2,794
2,636
5,824
1,777
4,047

2,439
2,585
5,786
1,742
4,044

2,255
2,506
5,530
1,651
3,878

Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37.0
18.1

37.9
18.0

36.2
17.5

38.0
17.8

37.0
16.5

36.8
16.4

36.0
16.5

37.1
17.0

37.1
17.1

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22.6
23.1
54.3
15.3
39.0

21.0
23.8
55.2
16.3
38.8

22.4
23.8
53.8
16.2
37.6

22.0
23.6
54.4
15.3
39.1

22.5
24.4
53.2
15.2
38.0

23.0
24.0
53.0
16.1
36.9

24.8
23.4
51.7
15.8
36.0

22.6
23.9
53.5
16.1
37.4

21.9
24.4
53.7
16.0
37.7

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over1............................................ .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations......... . . . . . . . . . . ................................. .
Professional and related occupations......................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations....................................................... .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations....................................................... .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Unemployed

Unemployment
rates

Dec.
2012

Dec.
2013

Dec.
2012

Dec.
2013

Dec.
2012

Dec.
2013

143,060
54,635

144,423
54,880

11,844
2,221

9,984
1,637

7.6
3.9

6.5
2.9

22,757
31,877
25,075
33,497
15,396
18,101

22,754
32,126
25,704
33,631
15,450
18,181

963
1,258
2,465
2,515
1,161
1,354

729
908
2,127
2,279
1,043
1,237

4.1
3.8
9.0
7.0
7.0
7.0

3.1
2.7
7.6
6.3
6.3
6.4

12,811
863
7,069
4,879

12,988
868
7,094
5,026

1,722
194
1,194
334

1,369
135
973
262

11.8
18.3
14.4
6.4

9.5
13.4
12.1
5.0

17,042
8,357
8,685

17,220
8,471
8,749

1,788
846
943

1,512
707
804

9.5
9.2
9.8

8.1
7.7
8.4

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... .
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing......... . . . . . . . . . . .................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . ......................................... .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government workers.................................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment
rates

Dec.
2012

Dec.
2013

Dec.
2012

Dec.
2013

11,844
9,104
58
1,105
1,145
706
439
1,430
369
229
386
1,307
1,177
1,426
472
209
874
566

9,984
7,662
38
958
854
571
283
1,253
379
133
394
1,139
897
1,194
423
170
627
518

7.6
7.6
6.3
13.5
7.5
7.3
7.7
7.0
6.1
8.0
4.1
8.7
5.2
10.8
7.1
15.1
4.0
5.6

6.5
6.3
3.6
11.4
5.5
5.8
5.0
6.2
6.2
4.8
4.2
7.3
4.0
9.0
6.6
12.0
3.0
5.3

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted
Measure

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,
as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged
workers, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged
workers, plus all other persons marginally
attached to the labor force, as a percent of
the civilian labor force plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic
reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus all persons marginally attached to
the labor force.................................... .

Seasonally adjusted

Dec.
2012

Nov.
2013

Dec.
2013

Dec.
2012

Aug.
2013

Sept.
2013

Oct.
2013

Nov.
2013

Dec.
2013

4.2

3.7

3.5

4.3

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.6

4.3

3.5

3.5

4.2

3.8

3.7

4.0

3.7

3.5

7.6

6.6

6.5

7.9

7.2

7.2

7.2

7.0

6.7

8.3

7.1

7.0

8.5

7.8

7.7

7.7

7.4

7.2

9.2

7.9

7.9

9.4

8.6

8.6

8.6

8.2

8.1

14.4

12.7

13.0

14.4

13.6

13.6

13.7

13.1

13.1

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have
given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are
available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of
January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Category

Dec.
2012

Men
Dec.
2013

Dec.
2012

Women
Dec.
2013

Dec.
2012

Dec.
2013

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... .
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .

89,445
6,532
2,614
1,068
1,545

92,338
5,932
2,427
917
1,510

35,712
3,064
1,303
636
667

37,118
2,781
1,236
524
712

53,733
3,467
1,311
433
878

55,220
3,151
1,191
394
798

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4. . . . . . . . . ................................... .
Percent of total employed......................................... .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time. . . . . . . . . . . . .......... .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,081
4.9
3,591
2,118
228
1,088

6,934
4.8
3,550
1,969
273
1,091

3,485
4.6
1,976
729
137
608

3,254
4.3
1,824
662
183
567

3,597
5.3
1,615
1,390
91
481

3,679
5.4
1,726
1,308
90
524

1

Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference
week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

Dec.
2012

Oct.
2013

Nov.
2013p

Dec.
2013p

Dec.
2012

Oct.
2013

Nov.
2013p

Dec.
2013p

135,560
113,321
18,416

137,523
115,314
18,971

137,999
115,662
18,871

137,753
115,542
18,659

134,691
112,817
18,522

136,562
114,715
18,704

136,803
114,941
18,755

136,877
115,028
18,752

Change
from:
Nov.2013 Dec.2013p
74
87
-3

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, except oil and gas1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

855
50.8
804.0
190.9
219.8
83.4
393.3

895
54.3
840.9
198.2
226.0
85.6
416.7

886
55.5
830.9
198.9
223.3
84.9
408.7

886
52.7
833.6
201.5
219.5
85.6
412.6

860
50.6
809.2
191.7
224.3
83.8
393.2

886
51.9
834.3
199.1
222.8
86.0
412.4

887
53.9
833.1
200.1
223.5
85.9
409.5

891
52.3
838.2
201.9
223.3
85.9
413.0

4
-1.6
5.1
1.8
-0.2
0.0
3.5

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . .

5,622
1,248.3
575.5
672.8
847.2
3,526.2
1,472.4
2,053.8

6,052
1,316.2
611.3
704.9
960.8
3,774.5
1,615.5
2,159.0

5,961
1,301.8
605.3
696.5
926.7
3,732.0
1,597.6
2,134.4

5,745
1,287.1
603.1
684.0
849.4
3,608.8
1,543.5
2,065.3

5,711
1,249.6
574.4
675.2
884.6
3,576.5
1,502.6
2,073.9

5,830
1,279.8
594.9
684.9
894.0
3,656.0
1,562.3
2,093.7

5,849
1,282.8
596.4
686.4
893.9
3,672.6
1,574.2
2,098.4

5,833
1,286.4
601.2
685.2
885.1
3,661.1
1,575.6
2,085.5

-16
3.6
4.8
-1.2
-8.8
-11.5
1.4
-12.9

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11,939

12,024

12,024

12,028

11,951

11,988

12,019

12,028

9

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic products1. . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . .
Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous durable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,490
342.0
360.5
397.3
1,421.9
1,103.0
1,088.3
158.8
108.8

7,548
354.8
376.8
392.2
1,449.1
1,104.0
1,078.3
163.5
104.5

7,564
353.6
376.6
393.4
1,452.1
1,104.4
1,077.1
164.2
103.9

7,574
352.9
368.0
397.1
1,455.9
1,109.2
1,078.8
165.1
104.3

7,494
343.9
365.6
398.3
1,424.0
1,100.9
1,086.7
158.4
108.3

7,543
353.0
371.1
392.4
1,446.8
1,105.4
1,079.3
163.9
104.8

7,564
353.1
373.6
394.8
1,451.5
1,106.6
1,080.1
164.7
104.1

7,570
353.0
372.1
398.3
1,456.5
1,106.9
1,077.7
165.0
104.0

6
-0.1
-1.5
3.5
5.0
0.3
-2.4
0.3
-0.1

382.9
397.4
369.5
1,478.4
788.6
348.3

377.2
394.5
364.5
1,494.5
819.6
356.1

378.0
392.7
364.7
1,503.7
826.1
356.6

381.3
390.5
366.3
1,511.1
827.8
355.2

382.5
397.4
368.3
1,474.9
786.0
350.8

377.8
394.4
364.7
1,497.3
819.2
356.0

379.6
393.8
365.1
1,502.8
824.8
358.3

381.0
390.3
365.3
1,506.6
825.8
357.1

1.4
-3.5
0.2
3.8
1.0
-1.2

581.1

578.1

581.7

579.2

580.1

577.0

577.6

576.9

-0.7

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,449
1,463.1
115.3
117.8
147.3
377.5
458.2
113.1
787.1
648.6

4,476
1,491.1
115.0
113.9
140.7
373.8
445.1
116.7
791.3
655.5

4,460
1,481.1
114.6
114.3
140.9
374.1
445.2
115.7
792.9
656.5

4,454
1,480.5
115.0
112.9
140.0
375.5
442.5
115.5
793.4
658.1

4,457
1,465.6
115.7
117.5
148.1
377.2
457.3
115.0
787.1
649.6

4,445
1,466.9
115.1
113.4
140.5
374.3
443.9
114.1
793.2
656.6

4,455
1,475.5
114.5
113.4
140.3
374.8
443.3
115.5
795.1
658.3

4,458
1,480.8
115.5
112.4
139.9
375.1
441.1
117.1
793.3
659.9

3
5.3
1.0
-1.0
-0.4
0.3
-2.2
1.6
-1.8
1.6

220.6

233.1

225.0

220.2

223.4

227.1

224.3

222.8

-1.5

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

94,905

96,343

96,791

96,883

94,295

96,011

96,186

96,276

90

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26,425

26,187

26,728

26,992

25,769

26,150

26,217

26,286

69

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic markets and agents and
brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,723.6
2,849.3
1,994.7
879.6

899.9

902.8

914.1

877.2

899.1

902.3

911.5

9.2

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers1. . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15,538.3
1,736.2
1,098.5

15,303.3
1,796.1
1,135.3

15,768.7
1,798.3
1,138.0

15,945.2
1,796.2
1,138.4

15,004.1
1,747.4
1,103.2

15,307.7
1,790.5
1,132.2

15,329.6
1,799.9
1,138.6

15,384.9
1,807.2
1,143.9

55.3
7.3
5.3

See footnotes at end of table.

5,795.8
2,881.3
2,014.6

5,804.0
2,881.7
2,019.5

5,821.1
2,888.9
2,018.1

5,715.3
2,847.7
1,990.4

5,785.1
2,879.1
2,006.9

5,794.9
2,882.1
2,010.5

5,810.3
2,886.0
2,012.8

15.4
3.9
2.3

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Dec.
2012

Oct.
2013

Nov.
2013p

Seasonally adjusted
Dec.
2013p

Dec.
2012

Oct.
2013

Nov.
2013p

Dec.
2013p

Change
from:
Nov.2013 Dec.2013p

Retail trade - Continued
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . .
Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden supply
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

470.8
538.4

456.9
531.0

473.3
559.3

483.4
560.6

446.5
513.3

453.1
529.1

454.7
527.0

458.2
530.2

3.5
3.2

1,138.6
2,913.0
1,036.1
844.8
1,620.1

1,189.8
2,961.4
1,040.5
869.5
1,427.7

1,185.4
2,976.9
1,049.6
869.5
1,562.9

1,177.5
2,991.3
1,060.5
863.1
1,614.5

1,177.1
2,887.1
1,017.7
846.3
1,454.1

1,209.7
2,956.5
1,041.2
867.9
1,433.7

1,212.5
2,951.5
1,036.6
866.3
1,434.1

1,213.7
2,963.3
1,041.5
865.1
1,445.7

1.2
11.8
4.9
-1.2
11.6

619.7
3,314.8
1,638.8
826.4
479.4

596.0
3,147.6
1,479.8
818.6
468.2

651.5
3,338.6
1,614.4
820.4
483.0

665.9
3,419.9
1,674.9
823.6
488.7

576.4
3,088.5
1,475.4
807.4
442.3

598.9
3,166.3
1,499.9
806.6
454.2

608.4
3,180.8
1,505.7
806.6
451.2

613.6
3,188.4
1,508.8
806.0
452.0

5.2
7.6
3.1
-0.6
0.8

4,609.2
449.6
230.0
62.1
1,368.4

4,533.2
444.6
229.8
63.2
1,403.5

4,600.3
445.8
229.8
62.8
1,405.8

4,672.6
450.4
229.8
62.9
1,394.4

4,493.8
450.8
230.4
62.7
1,370.8

4,501.7
446.4
229.9
62.6
1,387.2

4,536.6
449.6
229.9
63.4
1,395.5

4,536.0
451.6
230.4
63.4
1,395.6

-0.6
2.0
0.5
0.0
0.1

478.6
44.4
22.8
592.8
648.7
711.8

490.4
45.4
26.0
593.6
526.7
710.0

494.5
45.4
22.2
593.5
579.4
721.1

496.2
45.5
21.4
597.1
651.8
723.1

462.1
44.2
27.2
589.1
560.3
696.2

472.5
45.4
25.4
591.0
540.9
700.4

477.0
45.6
25.1
591.6
554.4
704.5

478.3
45.4
25.7
592.4
548.0
705.2

1.3
-0.2
0.6
0.8
-6.4
0.7

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

554.1

555.0

554.5

553.0

555.3

555.5

556.3

554.6

-1.7

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,685
733.9

2,672
727.6

2,697
729.1

2,673
730.6

2,676
729.9

2,683
725.8

2,684
726.7

2,672
727.0

-12
0.3

377.3
287.1
854.2

355.4
288.8
858.8

378.5
288.8
858.4

347.6
287.7
863.0

379.3
285.8
851.1

368.1
287.9
859.9

370.4
287.2
858.7

356.7
286.0
860.4

-13.7
-1.2
1.7

252.9
179.8

254.3
187.5

254.7
187.1

256.4
187.6

251.6
178.5

254.7
186.9

254.5
186.8

255.0
186.4

0.5
-0.4

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . .
Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles. . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . .

7,846
5,888.5
17.4

7,912
5,904.9
16.9

7,908
5,909.1
17.3

7,925
5,921.4
16.9

7,831
5,869.9
17.3

7,910
5,907.3
16.7

7,911
5,903.7
17.0

7,915
5,907.4
16.7

4
3.7
-0.3

2,610.5
1,742.6
1,316.5

2,591.4
1,718.0
1,288.2

2,587.4
1,716.3
1,285.1

2,589.4
1,715.2
1,282.4

2,601.9
1,739.1
1,314.7

2,595.1
1,721.5
1,290.0

2,587.1
1,718.4
1,287.0

2,584.9
1,713.7
1,281.8

-2.2
-4.7
-5.2

819.9
2,353.3
87.4
1,957.4
1,426.5
506.9
24.0

834.3
2,375.6
86.7
2,007.3
1,458.7
526.1
22.5

833.4
2,384.2
86.8
1,999.0
1,452.9
523.5
22.6

835.8
2,391.8
87.5
2,003.8
1,457.4
523.6
22.8

818.0
2,346.1
86.6
1,961.2
1,423.0
514.6
23.6

833.5
2,375.2
86.8
2,002.4
1,454.6
525.3
22.5

831.9
2,381.0
86.7
2,006.8
1,456.1
528.3
22.4

835.0
2,384.1
86.7
2,007.3
1,454.4
530.5
22.4

3.1
3.1
0.0
0.5
-1.7
2.2
0.0

18,237
8,040.5
1,131.9
924.1
1,336.3

18,898
8,143.6
1,131.2
880.6
1,372.8

18,902
8,177.3
1,129.8
903.2
1,370.3

18,858
8,216.3
1,130.6
930.5
1,374.1

18,152
7,995.8
1,128.0
914.5
1,336.0

18,729
8,171.6
1,129.3
946.8
1,365.7

18,770
8,191.1
1,127.8
951.9
1,368.8

18,789
8,179.4
1,127.0
927.2
1,374.1

19
-11.7
-0.8
-24.7
5.3

1,664.1

1,713.0

1,719.4

1,717.1

1,658.5

1,706.8

1,711.4

1,712.8

1.4

1,158.9

1,211.0

1,211.0

1,217.6

1,145.4

1,200.5

1,200.9

1,204.8

3.9

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and technical services1. . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Dec.
2012

Oct.
2013

Nov.
2013p

Dec.
2013p

Dec.
2012

Oct.
2013

Nov.
2013p

Dec.
2013p

Change
from:
Nov.2013 Dec.2013p

Management of companies and enterprises. . .
Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative and support services1. . . . . . . .
Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,028.9
8,167.5
7,794.3
3,304.9
2,651.2
856.7
1,766.9

2,055.8
8,698.3
8,318.4
3,570.6
2,867.9
869.2
1,938.2

2,059.9
8,664.4
8,286.5
3,573.3
2,871.8
888.3
1,897.3

2,063.1
8,578.8
8,204.4
3,588.5
2,889.3
888.3
1,809.1

2,020.9
8,135.2
7,759.3
3,213.6
2,569.2
834.5
1,840.8

2,055.3
8,502.5
8,124.6
3,452.0
2,763.4
859.4
1,889.1

2,057.6
8,520.8
8,142.4
3,465.2
2,776.2
868.0
1,888.2

2,058.3
8,551.1
8,173.4
3,499.3
2,816.6
864.6
1,884.9

0.7
30.3
31.0
34.1
40.4
-3.4
-3.3

373.2

379.9

377.9

374.4

375.9

377.9

378.4

377.7

-0.7

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services1. . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing and residential care facilities1. . . .
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20,673
3,463.0
17,209.5
14,492.7
6,441.9
2,433.0
670.6
1,244.4
4,831.0
3,219.8
1,669.9
2,716.8
869.7

20,964
3,529.6
17,434.2
14,657.9
6,597.2
2,463.7
703.5
1,304.3
4,834.5
3,226.2
1,658.6
2,776.3
874.0

21,052
3,570.1
17,481.8
14,697.9
6,621.4
2,470.3
707.1
1,315.1
4,843.4
3,233.1
1,657.4
2,783.9
875.4

20,991
3,500.5
17,490.9
14,699.7
6,620.0
2,476.9
712.5
1,309.5
4,841.6
3,238.1
1,654.1
2,791.2
871.4

20,496
3,344.7
17,150.9
14,453.7
6,419.3
2,417.9
669.7
1,239.5
4,823.4
3,211.0
1,665.5
2,697.2
857.3

20,782
3,381.8
17,399.7
14,636.7
6,578.3
2,454.4
703.2
1,301.0
4,833.7
3,224.7
1,657.3
2,763.0
858.6

20,823
3,388.0
17,435.1
14,667.3
6,603.5
2,462.0
707.6
1,310.8
4,835.6
3,228.2
1,654.4
2,767.8
859.0

20,823
3,388.6
17,434.1
14,661.3
6,599.4
2,460.8
711.2
1,307.1
4,833.2
3,228.7
1,650.5
2,772.8
858.2

0
0.6
-1.0
-6.0
-4.1
-1.2
3.6
-3.7
-2.4
0.5
-3.9
5.0
-0.8

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . .
Museums, historical sites, and similar
institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . .

13,591
1,825.6
396.9

14,219
2,002.7
435.3

14,016
1,892.4
415.1

13,963
1,875.8
395.6

13,901
1,982.0
414.0

14,262
2,042.2
429.9

14,282
2,043.1
428.0

14,291
2,037.7
416.4

9
-5.4
-11.6

130.1
1,298.6
11,765.8
1,755.2
10,010.6

138.5
1,428.9
12,216.2
1,831.2
10,385.0

135.3
1,342.0
12,123.9
1,783.0
10,340.9

133.0
1,347.2
12,087.4
1,782.8
10,304.6

137.4
1,430.6
11,919.2
1,818.3
10,100.9

138.7
1,473.6
12,219.3
1,840.1
10,379.2

140.4
1,474.7
12,238.6
1,841.0
10,397.6

139.7
1,481.6
12,253.0
1,846.0
10,407.0

-0.7
6.9
14.4
5.0
9.4

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Membership associations and organizations. . .

5,448
1,191.3
1,328.2
2,928.7

5,491
1,201.1
1,347.7
2,942.6

5,488
1,195.4
1,347.0
2,945.9

5,481
1,197.4
1,346.3
2,937.3

5,470
1,199.7
1,328.3
2,941.5

5,495
1,199.7
1,349.6
2,945.3

5,499
1,200.2
1,346.5
2,951.9

5,500
1,204.5
1,345.9
2,949.8

1
4.3
-0.6
-2.1

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .

22,239
2,798.0
2,189.9
608.3
5,150.0
2,502.1
2,648.1
14,291.0
8,097.0
6,194.0

22,209
2,711.0
2,120.6
590.2
5,205.0
2,556.7
2,648.3
14,293.0
8,040.8
6,252.1

22,337
2,711.0
2,120.9
590.3
5,238.0
2,590.6
2,646.9
14,388.0
8,145.9
6,242.2

22,211
2,727.0
2,123.9
603.3
5,160.0
2,518.5
2,641.7
14,324.0
8,101.9
6,221.7

21,874
2,799.0
2,194.8
603.7
5,040.0
2,381.3
2,658.6
14,035.0
7,763.2
6,271.3

21,847
2,717.0
2,128.9
587.8
5,048.0
2,391.2
2,656.9
14,082.0
7,791.5
6,290.5

21,862
2,722.0
2,129.5
592.3
5,053.0
2,397.2
2,655.9
14,087.0
7,793.6
6,293.3

21,849
2,720.0
2,125.3
594.5
5,051.0
2,398.0
2,652.5
14,078.0
7,778.7
6,298.8

-13
-2.0
-4.2
2.2
-2.0
0.8
-3.4
-9.0
-14.9
5.5

Industry

Professional and business services - Continued

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
2
3

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Dec.
2012

Oct.
2013

Nov.
2013p

Dec.
2013p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.5
40.4
43.5
39.3
40.8
41.0
40.4
33.3
34.5
38.6
31.4
38.4
42.2
36.5
37.2
36.0
32.8
26.1
31.5

34.4
40.4
44.3
38.8
40.9
41.3
40.1
33.3
34.5
38.8
31.3
38.8
41.9
36.7
37.1
36.1
32.8
25.8
31.6

34.5
40.6
44.6
39.0
41.0
41.5
40.2
33.3
34.4
38.8
31.2
38.8
41.6
36.6
37.2
36.2
32.8
26.0
31.7

34.4
40.5
45.0
38.8
41.0
41.3
40.3
33.2
34.5
38.7
31.3
38.8
42.0
36.7
37.1
36.1
32.7
25.9
31.6

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.... . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................. .

3.3
3.2
3.4

3.4
3.4
3.3

3.4
3.5
3.3

3.5
3.5
3.5

Industry

p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Dec.
2012

Oct.
2013

Nov.
2013p

Dec.
2013p

Dec.
2012

Oct.
2013

Nov.
2013p

Dec.
2013p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . .................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$23.75
24.89
29.14
25.97
24.07
25.44
21.72
23.47
20.73
27.36
16.48
21.92
34.89
32.18
29.80
28.29
24.47
13.38
21.10

$24.11
25.34
30.22
26.24
24.54
25.93
22.12
23.82
21.07
27.84
16.67
22.55
35.12
33.15
30.38
28.55
24.70
13.58
21.48

$24.15
25.39
30.31
26.25
24.60
25.98
22.18
23.85
21.10
27.94
16.67
22.57
35.12
33.35
30.48
28.61
24.73
13.58
21.49

$24.17
25.45
30.20
26.37
24.64
26.03
22.23
23.87
21.09
28.01
16.62
22.59
35.55
33.29
30.42
28.67
24.73
13.66
21.54

$819.38
1,005.56
1,267.59
1,020.62
982.06
1,043.04
877.49
781.55
715.19
1,056.10
517.47
841.73
1,472.36
1,174.57
1,108.56
1,018.44
802.62
349.22
664.65

$829.38
1,023.74
1,338.75
1,018.11
1,003.69
1,070.91
887.01
793.21
726.92
1,080.19
521.77
874.94
1,471.53
1,216.61
1,127.10
1,030.66
810.16
350.36
678.77

$833.18
1,030.83
1,351.83
1,023.75
1,008.60
1,078.17
891.64
794.21
725.84
1,084.07
520.10
875.72
1,460.99
1,220.61
1,133.86
1,035.68
811.14
353.08
681.23

$831.45
1,030.73
1,359.00
1,023.16
1,010.24
1,075.04
895.87
792.48
727.61
1,083.99
520.21
876.49
1,493.10
1,221.74
1,128.58
1,034.99
808.67
353.79
680.66

p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Industry

Dec.
2012

Oct.
2013

Nov.
2013p

Dec.
2013p

Percent
change
from:
Nov.
2013 Dec.
2013p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

97.5
85.3
117.6
77.4
87.7
86.5
89.9
100.8
96.7
96.3
95.7
98.8
101.4
89.2
95.4
102.8
109.4
103.5
95.5

98.8
86.1
123.3
78.0
88.2
87.7
89.0
102.6
98.1
97.9
97.3
100.0
100.7
89.9
96.1
106.3
111.0
105.0
96.2

99.3
86.8
124.3
78.6
88.7
88.4
89.4
102.8
98.1
98.1
97.2
100.7
100.1
89.7
96.4
106.9
111.2
106.0
96.6

99.1
86.5
126.0
78.0
88.7
88.0
89.7
102.6
98.6
98.1
97.8
100.7
100.8
89.6
96.2
106.7
110.9
105.6
96.3

-0.2
-0.3
1.4
-0.8
0.0
-0.5
0.3
-0.2
0.5
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.7
-0.1
-0.2
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.3

1

Dec.
2012

Oct.
2013

Nov.
2013p

Dec.
2013p

Percent
change
from:
Nov.
2013 Dec.
2013p

110.4
95.9
137.5
87.3
98.2
97.7
99.0
114.6
107.9
109.9
104.3
109.9
116.9
102.2
110.9
117.8
125.5
111.7
114.3

113.7
98.6
149.6
88.9
100.7
101.0
99.8
118.4
111.3
113.8
107.3
114.4
116.8
106.1
113.9
123.0
128.4
115.0
117.3

114.4
99.6
151.3
89.7
101.4
102.0
100.6
118.8
111.4
114.4
107.1
115.4
116.2
106.5
114.6
123.9
128.8
116.1
117.8

114.2
99.5
152.8
89.4
101.7
101.8
101.1
118.6
112.0
114.7
107.5
115.5
118.4
106.2
114.1
123.9
128.4
116.4
117.7

-0.2
-0.1
1.0
-0.3
0.3
-0.2
0.5
-0.2
0.5
0.3
0.4
0.1
1.9
-0.3
-0.4
0.0
-0.3
0.3
-0.1

The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)

Percent of all employees

Industry

Dec.
2012

Oct.
2013

Nov.
2013p

Dec.
2013p

Dec.
2012

Oct.
2013

Nov.
2013p

Dec.
2013p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................... .
Information........................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................... .
Government............................................ .

66,466
53,993
4,099
115
730
3,254
1,734
1,520
49,894
10,408
1,706.4
7,517.7
1,046.1
138.0
1,069
4,530
8,037
15,723
7,249
2,878
12,473

67,486
54,994
4,112
118
742
3,252
1,740
1,512
50,882
10,660
1,721.5
7,739.0
1,062.3
137.0
1,071
4,544
8,368
15,925
7,424
2,890
12,492

67,606
55,104
4,121
117
743
3,261
1,745
1,516
50,983
10,690
1,721.1
7,765.4
1,066.5
137.4
1,074
4,544
8,388
15,963
7,432
2,892
12,502

67,681
55,185
4,125
118
742
3,265
1,749
1,516
51,060
10,741
1,727.7
7,803.9
1,072.3
136.9
1,068
4,543
8,403
15,964
7,450
2,891
12,496

49.3
47.9
22.1
13.4
12.8
27.2
23.1
34.1
52.9
40.4
29.9
50.1
23.3
24.9
39.9
57.8
44.3
76.7
52.1
52.6
57.0

49.4
47.9
22.0
13.3
12.7
27.1
23.1
34.0
53.0
40.8
29.8
50.6
23.6
24.7
39.9
57.4
44.7
76.6
52.1
52.6
57.2

49.4
47.9
22.0
13.2
12.7
27.1
23.1
34.0
53.0
40.8
29.7
50.7
23.5
24.7
40.0
57.4
44.7
76.7
52.0
52.6
57.2

49.4
48.0
22.0
13.2
12.7
27.1
23.1
34.0
53.0
40.9
29.7
50.7
23.6
24.7
40.0
57.4
44.7
76.7
52.1
52.6
57.2

p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry

Dec.
2012

Oct.
2013

Nov.
2013p

Dec.
2013p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing........ . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade.................................................................. .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing............................................... .
Utilities............................................................................. .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . ......................................... .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .

93,237
13,347
639
4,300
8,408
5,167
3,241
79,890
21,877
4,609.2
12,918.7
3,902.6
446.0
2,170
6,026
15,009
17,965
12,273
4,570

94,735
13,451
654
4,407
8,390
5,177
3,213
81,284
22,112
4,667.2
13,104.0
3,891.3
449.2
2,174
6,087
15,518
18,215
12,601
4,577

94,920
13,495
655
4,429
8,411
5,189
3,222
81,425
22,165
4,671.7
13,127.8
3,916.3
449.5
2,173
6,091
15,553
18,252
12,611
4,580

94,998
13,475
656
4,408
8,411
5,188
3,223
81,523
22,224
4,677.3
13,174.6
3,923.6
448.3
2,164
6,093
15,584
18,259
12,620
4,579

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Dec.
2012

Oct.
2013

Nov.
2013p

Dec.
2013p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

33.7
41.3
45.8
39.7
41.8
42.1
41.3
32.5
33.8
38.7
30.4
38.2
41.1
35.8
36.9
35.3
32.3
25.0
30.6

33.6
41.3
45.3
39.4
41.9
42.4
41.2
32.4
33.6
38.6
30.1
38.4
41.3
35.7
36.6
35.3
32.1
25.0
30.5

33.7
41.5
45.8
39.8
42.1
42.5
41.3
32.4
33.5
38.8
29.9
38.4
41.1
35.6
36.7
35.5
32.2
25.0
30.7

33.6
41.4
46.2
39.3
42.1
42.5
41.4
32.4
33.6
38.4
30.1
38.5
41.7
36.0
36.7
35.2
32.1
25.0
30.6

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.... . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................. .

4.3
4.2
4.4

4.4
4.5
4.3

4.5
4.6
4.3

4.6
4.6
4.5

Industry

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Dec.
2012

Oct.
2013

Nov.
2013p

Dec.
2013p

Dec.
2012

Oct.
2013

Nov.
2013p

Dec.
2013p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . .................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$19.93
21.08
26.21
24.15
19.17
20.26
17.39
19.68
17.49
22.40
13.85
19.42
31.80
27.48
23.37
23.48
21.25
11.67
17.77

$20.27
21.33
27.11
24.28
19.39
20.45
17.63
20.05
17.86
22.81
14.09
20.04
32.54
27.99
24.24
23.75
21.59
11.86
18.11

$20.32
21.36
27.16
24.25
19.43
20.49
17.67
20.09
17.94
22.91
14.14
20.07
32.45
28.05
24.30
23.77
21.62
11.83
18.14

$20.35
21.45
27.18
24.44
19.50
20.54
17.78
20.12
17.90
22.95
14.08
20.06
32.77
28.08
24.30
23.84
21.68
11.93
18.20

$671.64
870.60
1,200.42
958.76
801.31
852.95
718.21
639.60
591.16
866.88
421.04
741.84
1,306.98
983.78
862.35
828.84
686.38
291.75
543.76

$681.07
880.93
1,228.08
956.63
812.44
867.08
726.36
649.62
600.10
880.47
424.11
769.54
1,343.90
999.24
887.18
838.38
693.04
296.50
552.36

$684.78
886.44
1,243.93
965.15
818.00
870.83
729.77
650.92
600.99
888.91
422.79
770.69
1,333.70
998.58
891.81
843.84
696.16
295.75
556.90

$683.76
888.03
1,255.72
960.49
820.95
872.95
736.09
651.89
601.44
881.28
423.81
772.31
1,366.51
1,010.88
891.81
839.17
695.93
298.25
556.92

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Industry

Dec.
2012

Oct.
2013

Nov.
2013p

Dec.
2013p

Percent
change
from:
Nov.
2013 Dec.
2013p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

104.9
84.2
155.5
85.5
80.7
81.7
78.9
110.8
103.1
105.0
99.4
112.2
93.7
88.7
104.7
118.7
125.2
112.4
98.1

106.2
84.9
157.4
86.9
80.7
82.5
78.0
112.4
103.6
106.1
99.8
112.5
94.9
88.6
104.9
122.8
126.1
115.4
97.9

106.8
85.6
159.4
88.3
81.3
82.9
78.4
112.6
103.5
106.7
99.4
113.2
94.5
88.3
105.2
123.7
126.8
115.5
98.6

106.5
85.2
161.1
86.7
81.3
82.9
78.6
112.7
104.1
105.8
100.4
113.7
95.6
88.9
105.3
122.9
126.4
115.6
98.3

-0.3
-0.5
1.1
-1.8
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.1
0.6
-0.8
1.0
0.4
1.2
0.7
0.1
-0.6
-0.3
0.1
-0.3

1

Dec.
2012

Oct.
2013

Nov.
2013p

Dec.
2013p

Percent
change
from:
Nov.
2013 Dec.
2013p

139.6
108.7
237.1
111.5
101.1
103.4
96.9
149.4
128.6
138.6
118.0
138.2
124.4
120.6
150.5
165.9
174.9
148.9
127.0

143.8
110.9
248.2
114.0
102.3
105.3
97.2
154.4
132.0
142.6
120.6
143.0
128.9
122.7
156.4
173.5
179.0
155.4
129.2

144.9
111.9
251.8
115.6
103.3
106.0
97.9
155.0
132.5
144.1
120.4
144.1
128.0
122.6
157.3
175.0
180.2
155.1
130.3

144.8
112.0
254.6
114.5
103.7
106.2
98.8
155.4
132.9
143.0
121.1
144.7
130.8
123.6
157.4
174.4
180.2
156.6
130.3

-0.1
0.1
1.1
-1.0
0.4
0.2
0.9
0.3
0.3
-0.8
0.6
0.4
2.2
0.8
0.1
-0.3
0.0
1.0
0.0

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary