2017 School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey (SCS:17/NCVS) Cognitive Interviews

National Center for Education Statistics

Attachment IV

Cognitive Interview Protocol and Questionnaire Items

2017 School Crime Supplement to

the National Crime Victimization Survey (SCS:17/ NCVS)

Cognitive Interviews

OMB# 1850-0803 v.154

April 2016

Cognitive Testing of NCVS SCS

PARTICIPANT ID #: _________________________ DATE: ____ / ____ / 2016

INTERVIEWER’S NAME:_________________________________________________

START TIME: ______: ______ AM / PM

Hello, my name is ______ and I work for the Census Bureau. It’s nice to meet you and thank you very much for helping us out today.

IF NECESSARY, CREATE SMALL TALK TO BUILD RAPPORT WITH THE STUDENT BY ASKING A QUESTION, SUCH AS:

• What is your favorite subject in school? RESPOND ACCORDINGLY (e.g., if the student responds with “science,” ask them what they are studying in their science class).

Section 1: (If applicable) Observers:

Before we get started let me mention that there are some observers watching the interview in another room. They are only watching to get an idea of how the questions in the survey we are going to talk about are working. Is that ok with you?

Section 2: Information about today’s survey

Let me start by telling you a little bit about what we're doing here. The Census Bureau conducts many surveys in addition to the head count every 10 years. Since so many agencies rely on data from the Census Bureau, it is extremely important that this information be as accurate as possible.

In order to help us improve our surveys, we turn to people like you to find out if our questions make sense and are easy to understand and answer. The survey we'll talk about today is sponsored by the National Center for Education Statistics, which is part of the U.S. Department of Education, who recently made some changes to their questionnaire. The research we’re doing today will help us figure out if those changes are working for students like you, and it will help us improve the accuracy of our data.

I'm going to go through the questionnaire like a real interview, but I'm mainly interested in your reactions to the questions. So after we go through some of the questions, I'll stop and ask you some follow up questions about the survey questions you answered. For example, I might reread a question from the survey, and ask you what certain words or phrases in the question mean to you, or what you were thinking about when you were answering. There are no right or wrong answers, we just want to know your thoughts and reactions to the questions to help us make them better so that other students like you can easily understand them.

The things we will talk about in the interview today will only be used in our research to help us improve the survey. Your name will not be attached to anything you say. Direct quotes may be used in research papers and professional presentations, but your name and any names you might mention today will never be used in our reports and presentations. Your participation in this study is completely voluntary. You can refuse to answer or skip over any particular questions. If at any time you decide you do not want to go on, that is your choice and you may stop. Please feel free to ask me any questions at anytime. I may not be able to answer every question you have, but I will try.

Section 3: Taping:

I'd like to ask for your permission to audio tape the session today. The main reason we tape these interviews is so that we don't have to rely on notes or our memories later. This allows me to concentrate on what you're saying during the interview. What you say on the tape may be used only for research purposes and cannot be told to anybody else not working on this project except as required by law (20 U.S.C., § 9573).

Do you have any questions about the recording?

AFTER ANSWERING QUESTIONS AND GIVING FURTHER EXPLANATION, CONTINUE. IF THE PARTICIPANT IS NO LONGER INETERESTED IN PARTICIPATING, THANK THE PARTICIPANT FOR HIS/HER TIME AND END THE INTERVIEW.

Section 4: Informed Consent

[If student is under 18]:

Do you have the permission slip signed by one of your parents? (COLLECT CONSENT FORM). Thanks.

This document that your parent signed explains the purpose of the study and how we will protect your information. In addition to what I have just mentioned about confidentiality I would like to draw your attention to the fact that:

• Your participation is voluntary and you may stop the interview at any time

• You can refuse to answer any of the questions asked or take a break at any time

• Your responses in this study may be used only for research purposes and will not be disclosed, or used, in identifiable form for any other purpose, except as required by law. (20 U.S.C. § 9573)

• As stated in the form, we would like to record this interview to assist in our ability to write a report summarizing the interview. However, if you wish to not be recorded you may still participate in the interview and will receive the $25 for your participation.

[If student is 18]:

Before we start, I’m going to give you a written consent form.

HAND 1 COPY OF THE INFORMED CONSENT DOCUMENT TO THE PARTICIPANT

This document explains the purpose of the study and how we will protect your information. In addition to what I have just mentioned about confidentiality I would like to draw your attention to the fact that:

• Your participation is voluntary and you may stop the interview at any time

• You can refuse to answer any of the questions asked or take a break at any time

• Your responses in this study may be used only for research purposes and will not be disclosed, or used, in identifiable form for any other purpose, except as required by law. (20 U.S.C. § 9573)

• As stated in the form, we would like to record this interview to assist in our ability to write a report summarizing the interview. However, if you wish to not be recorded you may still participate in the interview and will receive the $25 for your participation.

Thank you for signing the consent form. I will also sign this form to show that I agree to everything in the form. At the end of the interview, I’ll be sure to give you a copy for you to take with you.

1. ASK PARTICIPANT IF (S)HE HAS ANY QUESTIONS ABOUT THE CONSENT FORM.

2. IF PARTICIPANT AGREES, OBTAIN THE RESPONDENT’S SIGNATURE TO PROCEED ON ONE COPY OF THE FORM; INTERVIEWER SHOULD ALSO SIGN THE FORM AT THIS TIME.

3. MAKE SURE RESPONDENT TAKES ONE COPY WITH THEM WHEN THE INTERVIEW IS OVER AT THE END OF THE INTERVIEW.

[All students]:

Are you comfortable with me recording this interview?

IF PARTICIPANT PROVIDES CONSENT TO HAVE THE SESSION AUDIO-TAPED:

I’m going to turn on the recorder now, and once it is on, I’m going to ask for your permission to record today, and then we will get started.

TURN ON TAPE RECORDER, ASK FOR PERMISSION TO RECORD ON THE TAPE, AND BEGIN THE INTERVIEW.

OK, let’s begin.

INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTIONS:

Note any confusion or difficulties respondents have with the questions.

RETROSPECTIVE PROBING (R=respondent):

IF YOU NOTICED R HAVING DIFFICULTY WITH ANY OF THE QUESTIONS YOU ARE PROBING ON, MAKE SURE TO PROBE ON R’S DIFFICULTY WITH THE QUESTION. GO THROUGH THE SURVEY WITHOUT PROBING UNTIL YOU GET TO QUESTION 34. GO THROUGH THE RETROSPECTIVE PROBES WITH R. BE SURE TO PROBE ON ANY OF THE RESPONDENT’S APPARENT DIFFICULTY OR HESITATION. AFTER ALL PROBES, CONTINUE THE SURVEY AT QUESTION 35, FOLLOWED BY THE DEBRIEFING QUESTIONS.

NOTICE - We are conducting this survey under the authority of Title 13, United States Code, Section 8. Section 9 of this law requires us to keep all information about you and your household strictly confidential. We may use this information only for statistical purposes. Also, Title 42, Section 3732, United States Code, authorizes the Bureau of Justice Statistics, Department of Justice, to collect information using this survey. Title 42, Sections 3789g and 3735, United States Code also requires us to keep all information about you and your household strictly confidential.
ASK OF ALL PEOPLE AGES 12-18	FORM SCS-1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. Census Bureau ACTING AS COLLECTING AGENCY FOR THE BUREAU OF JUSTICE STATISTICS U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE SCHOOL CRIME SUPPLEMENT TO THE NATIONAL CRIME VICTIMIZATION SURVEY 2017 QUESTIONNAIRE
We estimate that it will take from 5 to 15 minutes to complete this interview with 10 minutes being the average time. If you have any comments regarding these estimates or any other aspect of this survey, send them to the Associate Director for Finance and Administration, Room 2027, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington DC 20233, or to the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and Budget, Washington, DC 20503. According to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, no such persons are required to respond to a collection of information unless such collection displays a valid OMB control number.
Control number Survey Code PSU Frame Code Sample Designation/Suffix Sequence # HH # Time of Interview

A. FR Code 001 

B. Respondent Line No. Age Name 002  003 

FIELD REPRESENTATIVE - Complete an SCS-1 form for all NCVS interviewed people ages 12-18. Do NOT complete an SCS-1 form for Type Z noninterview people or for people in Type A noninterview households. C. Type of SCS Interview 004 1  Personal - Self 2  Telephone – Self 3  Personal - Proxy 4  Telephone - Proxy 5  Noninterview – SKIP to ITEM D	D. Reason for SCS noninterview 005 2  Refused – Respondent refused For themselves 3  Not available 4  NCVS completed in a Language other than SKIP to END English or Spanish 5  Unknown reason (Internal category created for post data collection processing) 6  Refused – Parent or other Person refused for respondent
E. SCREEN QUESTIONS FOR SUPPLEMENT
E_ATTENDSCHOOL 1a. Did you attend school at any time this school year? _________________________________________ E_HOMESCHOOL 1b. During that time, were you ever homeschooled? That is, did you receive ANY of that schooling at home, rather than in a public or private school? _________________________________________ E_ALLHOMESCHOOL 1c. Was all of your schooling this school year homeschooling? ____________________________________________ E_DIFFSCHOOL_ATTENDED 1d. How many different schools have you attended this school year? Include your homeschooling as one school. (only asked if student answered “yes” to being homeschooled)	006 1  Yes 2  No - SKIP to END _____________________________________________ 092 1  Yes 2  No - SKIP to Q1d ____________________________________________ 007 1  Yes - SKIP to END 2  No ___________________________________________ 185SCS 1  One school 2  Two schools 3  Three or more schools

E_WHATGRADE 2b. What grade are you in? E_WHATGRADEOTHER	008 0  Fifth or under - SKIP to END 1  Sixth 2  Seventh 3  Eighth 4  Ninth 5  Tenth SKIP to INTRO_2 6  Eleventh 7  Twelfth 8  Other - Specify 9  College/GED/Post-graduate/ Other noneligible - SKIP to END
INTRO_2 INTERVIEWER - Read introduction if R was homeschooled part of the year (Q1b = “Yes” and Q1c = “No”); ELSE skip to Q6 The following questions pertain only to your attendance at a public or private school and not to being homeschooled.
6. What grades are taught in your school? Pre-K or Kindergarten 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 H.S. Senior 13 Post-graduate 20 All ungraded 30 All Special Education	Grades: 020  (lowest) F_GRADES_LOW TO 021  (highest) F_GRADES_HIGH
10. The next questions are about security measures that some schools take. Does your school have: F_SAFETY_POLICE Security guards or assigned police officers? F_SAFETY HALLSTAFF Other adults supervising the hallway, such as teachers, administrators, or parent volunteers? F_SAFETY_ METAL_DETECTORS Metal detectors, including wands? (The definition for the term ‘metal detector’ is a device used to check for weapons students might be trying to bring onto school property. The metal detector may be in a form of a doorframe, which you are asked to walk through. It may also be in the form of a hand-held metal detector that looks like a wand or paddle, which is moved around your body.) F_SAFETY_DOORS_LOCKED Locked entrance or exit doors during the day? F_SAFETY_SIGN_IN A requirement that visitors sign in AND wear visitor badges or stickers? F_SAFETY_LOCKER_CHECKS Locker checks? F_SAFETY_STUDENT_ID A requirement that students wear badges or picture identification? F_SAFETY_CAMERAS One or more security cameras to monitor the school? F_SAFETY_CODE_OF_CONDUCT A code of student conduct, that is, a set of written rules or guidelines that the school provides you?	Yes No Don’t know School does not have lockers 028 1  2  3  029 1  2  3  030 1  2  3  031 1  2  3  032 1  2  3  033 1  2  3  4  094 1  2  3  095 1  2  3  096 1  2  3 
F_REPORT 11. If you hear about a threat to school or student safety, do you have a way to report it without having to give your name?	Yes No Don’t know 167 1  2  3 
F_DISTRACTED 12. In your classes, how often are you distracted from doing your schoolwork because other students are misbehaving, for example, talking or fighting? (READ CATEGORIES.)	156 1  Never 2  Almost never 3  Sometimes 4  Most of the time
13. Thinking about your school, would you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following... F_RULES_FAIR a. The school rules are fair. F_PUNISHMENT_SAME b. The punishment for breaking school rules is the same no matter who you are. F_RULES_ENFORCED c. The school rules are strictly enforced. (Strictly enforced rules means that the school consistently carries out disciplinary actions against any students who break school rules.) F_PUNISHMENT_KNOWN d. If a school rule is broken, students know what kind of punishment will follow. F_TEACHERS_RESPECT e. Teachers treat students with respect.	Strongly Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Disagree 035 1  2  3  4  036 1  2  3  4  037 1  2  3  4  038 1  2  3  4  127 1  2  3  4 
14. Still thinking about your school, would you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following… There is a TEACHER or other ADULT at school who… F_ADULT_REALLYCARES Really cares about you. F_ADULT_LISTENS b. Listens to you when you have something to say. F_ADULT_GOOD_JOB c. Tells you when you do a good job.	Strongly Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Disagree 173SCS 1  2  3  4  175SCS 1  2  3  4  176SCS 1  2  3  4 
15. Still thinking about your school, would you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following… There is a STUDENT at school who… F_STUDENT_REALLYCARES a. Really cares about you. F_STUDENT_LISTENS b. Listens to you when you have something to say. F_STUDENT_SUCCESS c. Believes that you will be a success.	Strongly Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Disagree 186SCS 1  2  3  4  187SCS 1  2  3  4  188SCS 1  2  3  4 
18. Thinking about your school, would you strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly disagree with the following... F_SAFE_IN_SCHOOL You feel safe in your school	Strongly Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Disagree 189SCS 1  2  3  4 
SCS_INTRO 3 Now I have some questions about things that happen at school. For this survey, “at school” includes the school building, on school property, on a school bus, or going to and from school. Your answers will not be given to anyone.
19. The following question refers to the availability of drugs and alcohol at your school. Is it possible for students at your school to get… F_ ALCOHOL a. Alcoholic beverages? F_MARIJUANA b. Marijuana, also known as pot, weed or mary jane? F_PRESCRIPTION_DRUGS c. Prescription drugs illegally obtained without a prescription, such as Oxycontin, Ritalin, or Adderall? F_OTHER_ILLEGAL d. Other illegal drugs, such as cocaine, uppers, or heroin?	Yes No 040 1  2  041 1  2  159 1  2  209SCS 1  2 
G. FIGHTING, BULLYING AND HATE BEHAVIORS
G_FIGHT_AT_SCHOOL 21a. During this school year, have you been in one or more physical fights at school?	103 1  Yes 2  No - SKIP to Q22
G_FIGHT_HOW_OFTEN 21b. During this school year, how many times have you been in a physical fight at school?	104  (Number of times)
22. Now I have some questions about what students do at school that make you feel bad or are hurtful to you. We often refer to this as being bullied. You may include events you told me about already. During this school year, has any student bullied you? That is, has another student... (Read each category a-g.) G_BULLY_MADE_FUN a. Made fun of you, called you names, or insulted you, in a hurtful way? G_BULLY_RUMOR b. Spread rumors about you or tried to make others dislike you? G_BULLY_THREAT c. Threatened you with harm? G_BULLY_CONTACT d. Pushed you, shoved you, tripped you, or spit on you? G_BULLY_COERCED e. Tried to make you do things you did not want to do, for example, give them money or other things? G_BULLY_EXCLUDED f. Excluded you from activities on purpose? G_BULLY_DESTROYED_PROP g. Destroyed your property on purpose?	Yes No 134 1  2  135 1  2  136 1  2  137 1  2  138 1  2  139 1  2  140 1  2  If all categories a-g are marked “No” SKIP to Q32
23. Thinking about the [time/times] you were bullied this school year, did more than one person do these things to you?	1  Yes 2  No - SKIP to: Q25
24. Did these people act alone or together as a team?	1  Alone 2  Together 3  Don’t know
G_BULLY_MORE_POWER 25. Now I have some additional questions about the time [another student/ other students] {behavior1}, {behavior2}, and {behaviorx…}. Thinking about the [person/ people] who did these things to you this school year, [Was this person/ Were any of these people/ Was anyone in the group] physically bigger or stronger than you? [Was this person/ Were any of these people/ Was anyone in the group] more popular than you? [Did this person/ Did any of these people/ Did anyone in the group] have more money than you? [Did this person/ Did any of these people/ Did anyone in the group] have more power than you in another way?	Yes No 1  2  1  2  1  2  1  2 
G_BULLY_HOW_OFTEN 26. During this school year, how often were you bullied? (READ CATEGORIES 1-4.)	142 1  Once or twice this school year 2  Once or twice a month - SKIP to: Q28 3  Once or twice a week, or - SKIP to: Q28 4  Almost every day - SKIP to: Q28
G_BULLY_OVER_AND_OVER 27. Did you think the bullying would happen over and over?	1  Yes 2  No
G_BULLY_WHERE1 through G_BULLY_WHERE8 28. Still thinking about all of the times that you were bullied, where did the bullying occur? Did it occur … (READ CATEGORIES) Mark (X) all that apply G_BULLY_WHERE_SPECIFY Where is the other place where bullying occurred?	143 1  In a classroom at school? 168 2  In a hallway or stairwell at school? 169 3  In a bathroom or locker room at school? 173 4  In a cafeteria or lunch room at school? 146 5  Somewhere else inside the school building? – Specify _____________ 144 6  Outside on school grounds? 145 7  On the way to or from school such as on a school bus or at a bus stop? 211SCS 8  Online or by text?
G_BULLY_ADULT_TOLD 29. Did you tell a teacher or some other adult at school about being bullied?	147 1  Yes 2  No
30. This school year, how much has bullying had a NEGATIVE effect on: (READ ANSWER CATEGORIES) G_SCHOOL_WORK YOUR school work. G_RELATION_FRIEND_FAMILY YOUR relationships with friends or family. G_ABOUT_YOURSELF How you feel about YOURSELF. G_PHYSICAL_HEALTH d. YOUR physical health for example, caused injuries, gave you headaches or stomach aches.	Not Not very Somewhat A lot at all much 196SCS 1  2 3  4  197SCS 1  2 3  4  198SCS 1  2 3 4  199SCS 1  2 3 4 
31. When you were bullied in school this year, did you ever think it was related to ... G_BULLY_RACE YOUR race? G_BULLY_RELIGION YOUR religion? G_BULLY_ETHNIC_ORIGIN Your ethnic background or national origin - for example, people of Hispanic origin? G_BULLYING_DISABILITY Any disability you may have – such as physical, mental, or developmental disabilities? G_BULLYING_GENDER YOUR gender? G_BULLYING_ORIENTATION YOUR sexual orientation - by this we mean gay, lesbian, bisexual, or straight? G_BULLYING_APPEARANCE YOUR physical appearance? .	Yes No 200SCS 1  2  201SCS 1  2  202SCS 1  2  203SCS 1  2  204SCS 1  2  205SCS 1  2  206SCS 1  2 
G_HATE 32. During this school year, has anyone called you an insulting or bad name at school having to do with your race, religion, ethnic background or national origin, disability, gender, or sexual orientation? We call these hate-related words.	065 1  Yes 2  No - SKIP to Q34
33. Were any of the hate-related words related to ... G_HATE_RACE a. Your race? G_HATE_RELIGION b. Your religion? G_HATE_ETHNICITY c. Your ethnic background or national origin- for example, people of Hispanic origin? G_HATE_DISABILITY d. Any disability you may have – such as physical, mental, or developmental disabilities? G_HATE_GENDER e. Your gender? G_HATE_SEXUAL_ORIENTATION f. Your sexual orientation – by this we mean gay, lesbian, bisexual or straight?	Yes No Don’t know 107SCS 1  2  3  108SCS 1  2  3  109SCS 1  2  3  110SCS 1  2  3  111SCS 1  2  3  112SCS 1  2  3 
G_HATE_WORDS 34. During this school year, have you seen any hate-related words or symbols written in school classrooms, school bathrooms, school hallways, or on the outside of your school building?	066 1  Yes 2  No
Probes (Q22): Now I have a few questions about some of the items you just answered. Earlier I asked you this question: “Now I have some questions about what students do at school that make you feel bad or are hurtful to you. We often refer to this as being bullied. You may include events you told me about already. During this school year, has any student bullied you?” If any Q22 a – g = yes: When I asked you if any student had bullied you and read a list of things bullies might do, you said yes to _______ (read items R said yes to). Can you tell me about what happened? If Q22 = no to all: When I asked you if any student had bullied you and read a list of things bullies might do, you said no to all items. (SHOW R THE LIST OF Q22 A-G) Did any of those things happen to you that you didn’t count as bullying? Can you tell me more about why you didn’t include them here? Did other students do any other things that made you feel bad or were hurtful to you? Can you tell me more about that? [If applicable] Do you think those things they did count as bullying? (Why or Why not?) All respondents: Can you tell me, in your own words, what it means to be bullied? What kinds of behavior do you think count as bullying? (Why?) Are there other examples of bullying that we didn’t ask about? IF R SAID NO TO ALL ITEMS IN Q22, SKIP TO: PROBES (Q25).
Probes (Q24): (skipped if Q23 = no) Interviewer note: We want to know if they experienced multiple isolated incidents by different people, or if the same person did multiple things. Now let’s think about this question: “Did these people act alone or together as a team?” If Q24 = Alone: How many different people bullied you? Did any of these people do more than one thing or do the same thing more than once? Can you tell me which people did the different things to bully you? Even though these people acted alone, do you think that some of the things that different people did to you were related in some way? Can you tell me more about that? If Q24 = Together or DK: Can you tell me more about the people who bullied you in each incident? All respondents: (If necessary) What bullying incidents were you thinking of when you were answering this question?
Probes (Q25): If any in Q22 = yes: Earlier I asked you about whether [the person was/ the people were /anyone in the group was] bigger, stronger, more popular, had more money, or had more power than you in some other way. Here are those questions for you to look at when I ask the next questions. HAND R PAGE WITH Q25 WITH APPROPRIATE FILLS If all in Q22 = no: Now I am going to read you some questions you would have been asked if you had been bullied. You do not have to answer the questions. Instead, after I read them, I am going to ask you some follow up questions to get your thoughts and opinions. Here are those questions for you to look at while I read them and ask follow up questions. HAND R PAGE WITH Q25 WITH GROUP FILLS. Q25. “Now I have some additional questions about the time [another student/ other students] {behavior1}, {behavior2}, and {behaviorx…}. Thinking about the [person/ people] who did these things to you this school year, [Was this person/ Were any of these people/ Was anyone in the group] physically bigger or stronger than you? (Interviewer – ask “if yes” probe(s) below if R said yes to Q25a before continuing) [Was this person/ Were any of these people/ Was anyone in the group] more popular than you? (Interviewer – ask “if yes” probe(s) below if R said yes to Q25b before continuing) [Did this person/ Did any of these people/ Did anyone in the group] have more money than you? (Interviewer – ask “if yes” probe(s) below if R said yes to Q25c before continuing) [Did this person/ Did any of these people/ Did anyone in the group] have more power than you in another way?” If any in Q25a-c = yes: (If necessary) You said yes to __. Can you tell me more about that? Did the fact that they [were bigger/ were more popular/ had more money] than you make you feel like they were bullying you when they did the things you told me about? (Why or why not?) Which bullying incidents were you thinking of when you were answering these questions? If Q25d = yes: You said yes to Q25d. In what other way did they have more power than you? All respondents: One question asks “[Did this person/ Did any of these people/ Did anyone in the group] have more money than you?” What does the phrase “have more money than you” mean to you in this question? Another question asks “[Did this person/ Did any of these people/ Did anyone in the group] have more power than you in another way?” What does the phrase “have more power than you” mean to you in this question?
We gave three examples of having more power – being bigger or stronger, being more popular, or having more money. Do you agree these are ways bullies have more power over someone? Why or why not? Can you think of other ways a bully can have more power over someone? If two students are about the same size, are just as strong, equally popular, and have about the same amount of money, but one student is older than the other one, does the older student have more power than the younger student? What about if one student was in a higher grade than the other student, does the student in the higher grade have more power? If a group of students are working together to bully a student named Mark, do you think they would have more power over Mark? (IF yes): Is this true even if none of the students in the group are bigger, stronger, more popular, or have more money than Mark? (Why or why not?) Do you think that if 2 students have about the same power that one of them could bully the other? (Why or why not?) Do you think that if one student is smaller than another student (s)he could bully the other student who is bigger? (Why or why not?) What about a less popular student, could they bully a student who is more popular? (Why or why not?) What about a student with less money, could they bully a student with more money? (Why or why not?) Interviewer note: We want to determine if respondent believes that given all else equal, the outnumbering of students is considering having power. IF R SAID NO TO ALL ITEMS IN Q22, SKIP TO: PROBES (Q28).
Probes (Q26): Interviewer note: We want to know the frequency and pattern to see if these categories work for most cases. For example, if they were bullied twice a week for a month and then it stopped, how do they respond? Do they have trouble answering this question? ALTERNATE Q26: Now I am going to read you another question that I’d like you to answer. “During this school year, how many times were you bullied? 1  One time 2  Two times 3  Three to ten times 4  More than ten times Can you tell me why you answered the way you did? (If necessary) Was it easy or difficult for you to come up with your answer to this question? Why? Would your answer be different if I asked, “How many times were you [behavior1, behavior x] during the school year?” Earlier I asked you, “During this school year, how often were you bullied?” The options were “Once or twice this school year,” “Once or twice a month,” “Once or twice a week,” or “Almost every day.” You answered ______. Can you tell me why you answered the way you did? (If necessary) Was it easy or difficult for you to come up with your answer to this question? Why? Which question makes more sense, if either? I can re-read them if you’d like. Why do you think that?
Probes (Q27): [If Q26 = “once or twice this school year]: Now I’d like to ask you about another question I asked earlier - “Did you think the bullying would happen over and over?” Can you tell me why you answered the way you did? (If necessary) What does “over and over” mean to you? IF NO: Can you give me an example of a situation where a student does something hurtful to another student only one time, but something about the incident makes them afraid that it would happen over and over? If someone did something that made you feel bad or was hurtful only one time and it is not likely to happen again, could it be considered bullying? (Why or why not?) (If necessary) Do you think of bullying as something that is repeated over and over?
Probes (Q28): If any in Q22= yes: Earlier I asked, (read Q28 below) If all in Q22 = no: Now I am going to read you another question you would have been asked if you had been bullied. You do not have to answer the question. After I read it, I am going to ask you some follow up questions to get your thoughts and opinions. Q28. “Still thinking about all of the times that you were bullied, where did the bullying occur?” you said it occurred __________. (If R did not say online or by text, say) One of the options I read was “online or by text.” All respondents: Can you tell me, in your own words, what it means to be bullied online or by text? A little earlier I asked whether you were bullied (re-read Q22 if necessary). Were you thinking of bullying that can happen online or by text when I first asked that question, or just bullying that happens in person? Did any kind of bullying happen to you online or by text that you did not think about or didn’t mention when I first asked that question? (Why or why not?) What if a schoolmate bullied you online or by text but it never happened in person at school – do you think you would say yes or no to “online or by text”? Why? If bullying started at school but then continued online or by text – would you think of the online or text bullying as being related to school in some way, even though it didn’t actually happen at your school? (Why or why not?) IF R SAID NO TO ALL ITEMS IN Q22, SKIP TO: H. AVOIDANCE (Q35)
Probes (Q29): If no: When I asked you, “Did you tell a teacher or some other adult at school about being bullied?” you said no. Can you tell me why you answered the way you did? Did you tell a teacher or some other adult at school about any things that other students did that made you feel bad or were hurtful to you? If necessary: Can you tell me more about that?
Probes (Q30): I asked, “This school year, how much has bullying had a NEGATIVE effect on: YOUR school work, YOUR relationships with friends or family, How you feel about YOURSELF, and YOUR physical health for example, caused injuries, gave you headaches or stomach aches.” All respondents: Can you tell me, in your own words, what the phrase “had a negative effect” means to you in this question? If “Not at all” to 30a-d: You answered “not at all” to all of the categories. Can you tell me why you answered the way you did? If “A lot” to any in 30a-d: You answered “a lot” for item ___. Can you tell me why you answered the way you did? (Repeat for each item R answered “a lot” - if necessary) You also answered “a lot” for item ___. Can you tell me why you answered the way you did for that one?
Probes (Q30): If no to all in 31a-g: When I asked you, “When you were bullied in school this year, did you ever think it was related to…” your race, your gender, your physical appearance, and so on, you said no to all categories. Can you tell me why you answered the way you did? I can re-read you all of the categories if that would be helpful. (If necessary) Did you feel you’d have to be certain that the incident was because you had one of these characteristics for you to say “yes”? Or do you think you could say “yes” even if you were not absolutely certain that was the reason you were bullied?

H. AVOIDANCE
35. During this school year, did you ever STAY AWAY from any of the following places because you thought someone might attack or harm you there? H_AVOID_SHORTCUT a. For example, did you ever stay away from the shortest route to school, because you thought someone might attack or harm you? H_AVOID_ENTRANCE b. The entrance into the school? H_AVOID_HALLWAYS c. Any hallways or stairs in school? H_AVOID_CAFETERIA d. Parts of the school cafeteria or lunchroom? H_AVOID_RESTROOMS e. Any school restrooms? H_AVOID_OTHER_PLACES f. Other places inside the school building? H_AVOID_PARKING_LOT g. School parking lot? H_AVOID_OTHER_SCHOOL h. Other places on school grounds? H_SCHOOL_BUS_STOP i. School bus or bus stop?	Yes No 068 1  2  069 1  2  070 1  2  071 1  2  072 1  2  073 1  2  074 1  2  075 1  2  208SCS 1  2 
H_AVOID_ACTIVITIES 36a. Did you AVOID any activities at your school because you thought someone might attack or harm you?	076 1  Yes 2  No
H_AVOID_CLASSES 36b. Did you AVOID any classes because you thought someone might attack or harm you?	077 1  Yes 2  No
H_STAY_HOME 36c. Did you stay home from school because you thought someone might attack or harm you in the school building, on school property, on a school bus, or going to or from school?	078 1  Yes 2  No
I. FEAR
I_INTRO_FEAR: Sometimes, even if you can’t avoid a place, you may still be afraid of what might happen there.
I_AFRAID 37a. How often are you afraid that someone will attack or harm you in the school building or on school property? (READ ANSWER CATEGORIES.)	079 1  Never 2  Almost never 3  Sometimes 4  Most of the time
I_AFRAID_ON_BUS 37b. How often are you afraid that someone will attack or harm you on a school bus or on the way to and from school? (READ ANSWER CATEGORIES)	080 1  Never 2  Almost never 3  Sometimes 4  Most of the time
I_AFRAID_NONSCHOOL 37c. Besides the times you are in the school building, on school property, on a school bus, or going to or from school, how often are you afraid that someone will attack or harm you? (READ ANSWER CATEGORIES)	081 1  Never 2  Almost never 3  Sometimes 4  Most of the time

DEBRIEFING QUESTIONS:

• Overall, what did you think of this interview? Was it easy or difficult?

• Were there any questions you think some people might find difficult to answer?

• Did you have any other thoughts about the topics we discussed today, or the questions on this survey

Those are all of the questions that I had for you today. Thank you very much for your participation.

Here is an envelope containing your $25.

Here is a voucher form that verifies I gave you the money.

Please complete the information in the highlighted areas and sign and date

TURN OFF THE TAPE RECORDER.

HAND THE CASH INCENTIVE TO THE PARTICIPANT.

Handout 1: Hypothetical Q25 for students who have not been bullied

Q25. Now I have some additional questions about the time other students made fun of you, called you names, or insulted you, in a hurtful way, and pushed you, shoved you, tripped you, or spit on you. Thinking about the people who did these things to you this school year,

1. Was anyone in the group physically bigger or stronger than you?

2. Was anyone in the group more popular than you?

3. Did anyone in the group have more money than you?

4. Did anyone in the group have more power than you in another way?