DEFINITIONS FOR HATE CRIME DATA COLLECTION |
To ensure uniformity in reporting nationwide hate crime statistics, the following definitions have been adopted for use in hate crime reporting: |
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Bias Crime: A committed criminal offense that is motivated, in whole or in part, by the offender's bias(es) against a race, |
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religion, disability, sexual orientation, ethnicity, gender, or gender identity; also known as Hate Crime. |
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Note: Even if the offender was mistaken in his or her perception that the victim was a member of the group he or she was |
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acting against, the offense is still a bias crime because the offender was motivated by bias against the group. |
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Bias: A preformed negative opinion or attitude toward a person or group of persons based on their race, religion, disability, |
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sexual orientation, ethnicity, gender, or gender identity. |
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Racial Bias: A preformed negative opinion or attitude toward a person or group of persons who possess common physical |
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characteristics, e.g., color of skin, eyes, and/or hair, facial features, etc., genetically transmitted by descent and heredity |
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which distinguish them as a distinct division of humankind, e.g., Asians, Blacks or African Americans, Whites. |
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American Indian or Alaska Native: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of North or South America |
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(including Central America), and who maintains tribal affiliation or community attachment. |
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Asian: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent |
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including, for example Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, |
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and Vietnam. |
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Black or African American: A person having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa. Terms such as |
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"Haitian" or "Negro" can be used in addition to "Black or African American." |
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Multiple Races-Group: A group of persons having origins from multiple racial categories. |
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Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, |
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Samoa, or other Pacific Islands. |
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White: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa. |
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Ancestry Bias: A preformed negative opinion or attitude toward a group of people based on their common lineage or descent. |
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Arab: A person having origins, and/or ancestry, in any of the Arabic speaking peoples of Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, |
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Jordan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, |
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Comoros, Algeria, Morocco, Sudan, Djibouti, Mauritania, and Samalia. |
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Ethnicity Bias: A preformed negative opinion or attitude toward a person or group of people whose members identify with |
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each other, through a common heritage, often consisting of a common language, common culture (often including a |
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shared religion) and/or ideology that stresses common ancestry. The concept of ethnicity differs from the closely |
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related term race in that "race" refers to grouping based mostly upon biological criteria, while "ethnicity" also |
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encompasses additional cultural factors. |
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Note: When the FBI's Hate Crime Statistics Program was initially implemented, ethnicity bias was reported as ethnicity/ |
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national origin bias. It was then modified by the OMB's 1997 Revision to the Standards for the Classification |
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of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity. |
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Hispanic or Latino: A person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture |
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or origin, regardless of race. The term, "Spanish origin," can be used in addition to "Hispanic or Latino." |
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Not Hispanic or Latino: A person not of "Spanish origin." |
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Religious Bias: A preformed negative opinion or attitude toward a person or group of persons who share the same religious |
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beliefs regarding the origin and purpose of the universe and the existence or nonexistence of a supreme being, e.g., |
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Catholics, Jews, Protestants, Atheists. |
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Note: The following list of religions represents the major religions in the United States. Neither this list of religions nor the |
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definitions provided are all-inclusive. A general explanation is provided for each religion. |
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Buddhist: A person who follows the world religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, or Enlightened One, in |
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India; teaches about reincarnation and freedom from worldly attachments; believe that to end suffering, one must |
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follow the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path in order to reach nirvana. |
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Catholic: A person who follows the monotheistic religion of Catholic Christianity founded by Jesus Christ. Catholics |
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believe in the Trinity, revere the Virgin Mary and saints, follow the teachings of the Bible, place great importance on |
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church traditions, and require celibacy of those in the priesthood. Catholicism follows a hierarchy of deacons, priests, |
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bishops/archbishops, and Cardinals, with the Pope being the head of the church. |
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Eastern Orthodox (Russian, Greek, Other): A person who follows the monotheistic religion of the Eastern Christian |
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Church founded by Jesus Christ. Orthodox churches follow the teachings of the Bibile and church traditions. |
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Orthodox churches believe the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father alone. The Patriarch of Constantinople is the |
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head of the church and is governed by the Seven Ecumenical Councils. The Orthodox churches split from the Roman |
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Catholic Church over the issue of papal authority and the belief of the Trinity. |
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Hindu: A person who follows the religious traditions of Hinduism which includes acceptance of the sanctity of the Vedas |
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(sacred texts); the understanding of one Devine Reality manifested in multiple forms; acceptance of the laws of karma, |
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dharma, reincarnation, and the ultimate spiritual goal of enlightenment. |
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Islamic (Muslim): A person who follows the monotheistic religion of the Muslims, founded by the Prophet Muhammad. |
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Muslims follow the teachings of the Koran and practice the Five Pillars of Islam: praying, fasting during Ramadan, |
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almsgiving, pilgrimage, and declaration of faith. |
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Jehovah's Witness: A person who follows the religion founded by Charles Taze Russell. Members witness by |
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distributing literature and by personal evangelism to beliefs in the theocratic rule of God, the sinfulness of organized |
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religions and governments, and an imminent millennium. Jehovah's Witnesses reject the belief of the Trinity and convert |
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every member into a Witness. Jehovah's Witnesses are governed by the Watchtower Society who makes all major |
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decisions, interprets the Bible, and counsels witnesses using Watchtower materials. |
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Jewish (Judaism): A person who follows the religion founded by Abraham of the ancient Hebrews and characterized by |
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belief in one transcendent God, who has revealed himself to Abraham, Moses, and the Hebrew prophets, and by a |
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religious life in accordance with Scriptures, the Torah, and rabbinic traditions. Jews anticipate the coming of the |
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Messiah (person of God) who will unite the world and bring peace to humanity. |
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Mormon: A person who follows the religion founded by Joseph Smith; also referred to as Church of Jesus Christ of |
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Latter-day Saints. Mormons follow the teachings from the Book of Mormon, the Bible, Doctrines and Covenant, the |
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Pearl of Great Price. Mormonism is characterized by a unique understanding of the Godhead, emphasis on family life, |
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belief in the continuing revelation, desire for order, respect for authority, and missionary work. The governing bodies |
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of Mormonism include: the First Presidency (church president and two councilors), the Council of the Twelve |
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Apostles, the First Quorum of Seventy, a Bishop, and two councilors. |
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Multiple Religions-Group: A group of persons having religious beliefs from multiple religions. |
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Other Christian: A person who follows nondenominational religions based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. |
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Examples of these religions include Metaphysical-Christ Church Unity, Spiritualist, Unity/Unitarianist, Unity Church, |
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Universalist, and Other Metaphysical. |
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Other Religions: A person who follows other non Christian religions, e.g., the Baha'l Faith, Jainism, Shintoism, Taoism, |
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Tenrikyo, Wicca, and Zoroastrainism. |
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Protestant: A person who follows the monotheistic religion of Christianity founded by Jesus Christ. Members affirm the |
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Reformation prinicples of justification by faith alone, the priesthood of all believers, and the primacy of the Bible as the |
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only source of revealed truth. Protestant denominations deny the universal authority of the Pope and are governed by |
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federated councils on the local, national, and international levels. Protestant denominations include but are not limited |
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to Amish, Assembly of God, Baptist, Church of Christ, Church of God, Episcopalian, Methodist, Lutheran, |
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Presbyterian, Quaker, and Seventh-day Adventist. |
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Sikh: A person who follows the monotheistic religion founded by Guru Nanak in the Punjab region of South Asia. Sikhs |
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follow the teachings of 10 gurus; study from the religion's primary sacred text, the Adi Granth; and worship in temples |
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called Gurdwaras. Observant Sikhs may be distinguished by the dastarr (turban - men) or bana (women) and five |
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religious articles: kesh (unshorn hair, including a beard), kanga (wooden comb), kara (steel bracelet), kachera |
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(short trousers), and kirpan (religious sword). |
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Atheist: A person who does not believe in the existence of God or gods. Agnostic: A person who believes that the |
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existence or nature of God cannot be proven; the concept of agnosticism was founded by Thomas Huxley. |
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Sexual Orientation Bias: A preformed negative opinion or attitude toward a person or group of persons based on their |
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actual or perceived sexual orientation. |
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Bisexual: A person who is physically, romantically, and/or emotionally attracted to people of both the same and opposite |
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sex. |
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Gay (Male): A male who is physically, romantically, and/or emotionally attracted to other men. |
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Note: Generally this word is used to refer to gay men, but may also be used to describe women. For FBI UCR |
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Program purposes, if reporting an anti-gay bias, the victim should be a male. |
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Heterosexual: A person who is physically, romantically, and/or emotionally attracted to people of the opposite sex. |
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Lesbian: A female who is physically, romantically, and/or emotionally attracted to other women. |
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Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, or Transgender (Mixed Group): Refers to a group of people or community organizations |
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that serve lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and allied people. |
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Disability Bias: A preformed negative opinion or attitude toward a person or group of persons based on their physical or |
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mental impairments, whether such disability is temporary or permanent, congenital, or acquired by heredity, accident, |
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injury, advanced age, or illness. |
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Mental Disability: A person who has a mental or psychological disorder such as mental retardation, organic brain |
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syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. |
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Physical Disability: A person who has a physical impairment; any physiological disorder or condition, cosmetic |
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disconfiguration, or anatomical loss affecting one or more of the following body systems: neurological, |
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musculoskeletal, special sense organs, respiratory (including speech organs), cardiovascular, reproductive, digestive, |
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genitourinary, hemic and lymphatic, skin, and endocrine. |
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Gender Bias: A preformed negative opinion or attitude toward a person or group of persons based on their actual or |
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perceived gender, e.g., male or female. |
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Female: A person of the sex that bear offspring or produce eggs. |
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Male: A person of the sex that can beget offspring by fertilization or insemination. |
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Gender Identity Bias: A preformed negative opinion or attitude toward a person or group of persons based on their actual or |
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perceived gender identity, e.g., bias against transgender or gender non-conforming individuals. |
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Gender Non-Conforming: A person who does not conform to the gender-based expectations of society, e.g., a woman |
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dressed in traditionally male clothing or a man wearing makeup. |
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Note: A gender non-conforming person may or may not be a lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender person but may |
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be perceived as such. |
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Transgender: A person who identifies as a different gender from their gender as assigned at birth. |
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Note: The person may also identify himself or herself as "transsexual." |
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Note: A transgender person may express their gender identity through gender characteristics, such as clothing, hair, |
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voice, mannerisms, or behaviors that do not conform to the gender-based expectations of society. |
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Note: A transgender person may outwardly express his or her gender identity all of the time, part of the time, or |
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none of the time; a transgender person may decide to change his or her body to medically conform to his or her |
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gender identity. |