11 - Sample Analysis Tables

Attachment 11: Sample Analysis Tables
TABLE 1. HIV infection for all participants and for participants who did not self-report a previous positive HIV test result, by selected characteristics — United States,
National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System: Injecting Drug Users, 2009
Non-SRP participants†

All participants*
Total no. tested
Characteristics
Gender
Male
Female
Racial/Ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic/Latino¶
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Age group (yrs)
18-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
≥ 60
Education
< High school
High school diploma or equivalent
> High school

HIV infection
No.

Total no. tested
(%)

Household income**
At or below federal poverty level
Above federal poverty level
Health insurance
None
Public only
Private only
Other/multiple
Visited health-care provider, past 12 months
Yes
No
Homeless, past 12 months
Yes
No
Arrested, past 12 months
Yes
No
Drug injected most frequently, past 12 months
Heroin alone
Heroin and cocaine††
Cocaine or crack alone
Methamphetamine
Other§§
Male-male sex (among males only)
Never
≤ 12 months before interview
> 12 before interview
Alcohol or drug treatment program¶¶
≤ 12 months before interview
> 12 months before interview
Never been in a treatment program
Self-reported previous HIV test result
Negative
Positive
Never obtained result
Never tested
Other***
Time since last HIV test†††
≤ 3 months
4-6 months
7-12 months
≥ 13 months
Never tested
Other§§§
MSA
Atlanta, Georgia
Baltimore, Maryland
Boston, Massachusetts
Chicago, Illinois
Dallas, Texas
Denver, Colorado
Detroit, Michigan
Houston, Texas
Los Angeles, California
Miami, Florida
New York, New York
Nassau-Suffolk, New York
New Orleans, Louisiana
Newark, New Jersey
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
San Diego, California
San Francisco, California
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Seattle, Washington
Washington, DC
Total
Abbreviations: HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; SRP= self-reported a previous positive HIV test result; MSA = metropolitan statistical area/division.
* Sample includes participants with a valid HIV test result who self-reported a previous positive HIV test result. Numbers may not add to totals because of missing data.
†
Sample includes participants with a valid HIV test result who did not self-report a previous positive HIV test result. Numbers may not add to totals because of missing data.
§
Suppressed due to small cell sizes.
¶
Persons of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity might be of any race.
** Poverty level is based on household income and household size.
††
Injected together, or with the same frequency.
§§
Other drugs injected alone or two or more drugs injected with the same frequency.

HIV infection
No.

(%)

TABLE 2. Description of survey participants who did not self-report a previous positive HIV test result*, by gender — United States, National HIV
Behavioral Surveillance System: Injecting Drug Users, 2009

Total males
Characteristic

No.

(%)

Total females
No.

(%)

Total
No.

(%)

Racial/Ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic/Latino¶
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Hispanic Ancestry§
Mexican
Puerto Rican
Cuban
Dominican
Other
Multiple
Age group (yrs)
18-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
≥ 60
Education
< High school
High school diploma or equivalent
> High school
Household income¶
At or below federal poverty level
Above federal poverty level
Health insurance
None
Public only
Private only
Other/multiple
Visited health-care provider, past 12 months
Yes
No
Homeless, past 12 months
Yes
No
Arrested, past 12 months
Yes
No
Drug injected most frequently, past 12 months
Heroin alone
Heroin and cocaine**
Cocaine or crack alone
Methamphetamine
Other††
Alcohol or drug treatment program§§
≤ 12 months before interview
> 12 months before interview
Never been in a treatment program
MSA
Atlanta, Georgia
Baltimore, Maryland
Boston, Massachusetts
Chicago, Illinois
Dallas, Texas
Denver, Colorado
Detroit, Michigan
Houston, Texas
Los Angeles, California
Miami, Florida
New York, New York
Nassau-Suffolk, New York
New Orleans, Louisiana
Newark, New Jersey
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
San Diego, California
San Francisco, California
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Seattle, Washington
Washington, DC
Total
Abbreviations: HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; MSA = metropolitan statistical area/division.
* Sample excludes participants who self-reported a previous positive HIV test result. Numbers may not add to totals because of missing data. Column percentages may not add
to 100 because of rounding.
†
Persons of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity might be of any race.
§
¶

Among those who reported Hispanic/Latino race/ethnicity.

Poverty level is based on household income and household size.
** Injected together, or with the same frequency.
††
Other drugs injected alone or two or more drugs injected with the same frequency.
§§
Includes outpatient, residential, detox, and methadone treatment programs.

TABLE 3. Injection drug use during the past 12 months for participants who did not self-report a previous positive HIV test resul*t, by type of drug†, frequency of injection, and selected characteristics — United States, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance
System: Injecting Drug Users, 2009
Speedball§

Heroin
Injected in past 12
months
Characteristics
Gender
Male
Female
Racial/Ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black

No.

(%)

Injected daily¶
No.

(%)

Injected in past 12
months
No.

(%)

Injected daily¶
No.

Hispanic/Latino¶
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Age group (yrs)
18-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
≥ 60
Education
< High school
High school diploma or equivalent
> High school
Household income§§
At or below federal poverty level
Above federal poverty level
Arrested, past 12 months
Yes
No
HIV test result
Negative
Positive
MSA
Atlanta, Georgia
Baltimore, Maryland
Boston, Massachusetts
Chicago, Illinois
Dallas, Texas
Denver, Colorado
Detroit, Michigan
Houston, Texas
Los Angeles, California
Miami, Florida
New York, New York
Nassau-Suffolk, New York
New Orleans, Louisiana
Newark, New Jersey
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
San Diego, California
San Francisco, California
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Seattle, Washington
Washington, DC
Total
Abbreviations: HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; MSA = metropolitan statistical area/division.
* Sample excludes participants who self-reported a previous positive HIV test result. Numbers may not add to totals because of missing data.
†
Participants may report the use of more than one drug as categories are not mutually exclusive.
§

Refers to heroin and cocaine being injected together as speedball.

¶

Among those participants who injected that drug in the past 12 months.
** Suppressed because of small cell size.
††
§§

Persons of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity might be of any race.
Poverty level is based on household income and household size.

Cocaine or crack

(%)

Injected in past 12
months
No.

(%)

Methamphetamine

Injected daily¶
No.

(%)

Injected in past 12
months
No.

(%)

Other/multiple

Injected daily¶
No.

(%)

Injected in past 12
months
No.

(%)

Injected daily¶
No.

(%)

Total

TABLE 4. Risky injection practices during the past 12 months for participants who did not self-report a previous positive HIV test result*, by selected characteristics
— United States, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System: Injecting Drug Users, 2009

Receptive sharing
of syringes†
Characteristic

No.

(%)

Receptive sharing
of injection
equipment§
No.

(%)

Receptive sharing
of syringes to
divide drugs¶
No.

(%)

Any receptive
sharing**
No.

(%)

Total

Gender
Male
Female
Racial/Ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic/Latino¶
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Age group (yrs)
18-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
≥ 60
Education
< High school
High school diploma or equivalent
> High school
Household income§§
At or below federal poverty level
Above federal poverty level
Homeless, past 12 months
Yes
No
Arrested, past 12 months
Yes
No
Drug injected most frequently, past 12 months
Heroin alone
Heroin and cocaine¶¶
Cocaine or crack alone
Methamphetamine
Other***
Hepatitis C testing†††
Yes
No
Hepatitis C diagnosis§§§
Yes
No
Had unprotected**** vaginal sex, past 12 months
Yes
No
Had unprotected**** anal sex, past 12 months
Yes
No
Had more than one opposite sex partner, past 12 months
Yes
No
HIV test result
Negative
Positive
MSA
Atlanta, Georgia
Baltimore, Maryland
Boston, Massachusetts
Chicago, Illinois
Dallas, Texas
Denver, Colorado
Detroit, Michigan
Houston, Texas
Los Angeles, California
Miami, Florida
New York, New York
Nassau-Suffolk, New York
New Orleans, Louisiana
Newark, New Jersey
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
San Diego, California
San Francisco, California
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Seattle, Washington
Washington, DC
Total
Abbreviations: HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; MSA = metropolitan statistical area/division.
* Sample excludes participants who self-reported a previous positive HIV test result. Numbers may not add to totals because of missing data.
†
During the past 12 months, used needles that was already been used by someone else.
§
During the past 12 months, used cooker (spoon, bottle cap, etc) or cotton (used to filter particles from drug solution) that was already used by someone else or shared water for rinising
needles or preparing drugs.
¶
During the past 12 months, divided drug solution with a syringe someone already injected with.
**
During the past 12 months, used needles that was already been used by someone else, used cooker or cotton that was already used by someone else or shared water for rinsing needles or
preparing drugs, or divided drug solution with a syringe someone already injected with.
††
Persons of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity might be of any race.
§§
Poverty level is based on household income and household size.
¶¶
Injected together, or with the same frequency.
***
Other drugs injected alone or two or more drugs injected with the same frequency.
†††
Self-reported had ever been told had hepatitis C by a health care provider or ever had a blood test to check for hepatitis C infection.
§§§
Self-reported had ever been told had hepatitis C by a health care provider.
****
Neither participant nor his partners used a condom.

TABLE 5. Sexual behaviors during the past 12 months for male participants who did not self-report a previous positive HIV test result*, by selected characteristics — United States, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System: Injection Drug Users, 2009
Male participants with female sex partners
Any sex with females†
Characteristic

No.

(%)

Vaginal sex
No.

(%)

Unprotected vaginal
sex§
No.

(%)

Racial/Ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic/Latino¶
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Age group (yrs)
18-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
≥ 60
Education
< High school
High school diploma or equivalent
> High school
Household income¶¶
At or below federal poverty level
Above federal poverty level
Arrested, past 12 months
Yes
No
Drug injected most frequently, past 12 months
Heroin alone
Heroin and cocaine**
Cocaine or crack alone
Methamphetamine
Other†††
HIV test result
Negative
Positive
MSA
Atlanta, Georgia
Baltimore, Maryland
Boston, Massachusetts
Chicago, Illinois
Dallas, Texas
Denver, Colorado
Detroit, Michigan
Houston, Texas
Los Angeles, California
Miami, Florida
New York, New York
Nassau-Suffolk, New York
New Orleans, Louisiana
Newark, New Jersey
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
San Diego, California
San Francisco, California
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Seattle, Washington
Washington, DC
Total
Abbreviations: HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; MSA = metropolitan statistical area/division.
* Sample excludes participants who self-reported a previous positive HIV test result. Numbers may not add to totals because of missing data.
†

May include oral, vaginal, or anal sex .

§

Neither participant nor his partner used a condom.

¶

May include oral or anal sex.

** Includes both insertive and receptive anal sex.
††

Suppressed due to small cell sizes.

§§

Persons of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity might be of any race.

¶¶

Poverty level is based on household income and household size.

***

Injected together, or with the same frequency.
Other drugs injected alone or two or more drugs injected with the same frequency.

†††

Male participants with male sex partners
Unprotected anal sex§

Anal sex
No.

(%)

No.

(%)

Any sex with males¶
No.

(%)

Anal sex**
No.

(%)

Unprotected anal sex§
No.

(%)

Total
Males

TABLE 6. Sexual behaviors during past the 12 months for female participants who did not self-report a previous positive HIV test result*, by selected
characteristics — United States, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System: Injection Drug Users, 2009
Female participants with male sex partners
Any sex with
males†
Characteristic

No.

(%)

Vaginal sex
No.

(%)

Unprotected
vaginal sex§
No.

(%)

Unprotected anal
sex§

Anal sex
No.

Racial/Ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic/Latino¶
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Age group (yrs)
18-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
≥ 60
Education
< High school
High school diploma or equivalent
> High school
Household income††
At or below federal poverty level
Above federal poverty level
Arrested, past 12 months
Yes
No
Drug injected most frequently, past 12 months
Heroin alone
Heroin and cocaine§§
Cocaine or crack alone
Methamphetamine
Other¶¶
HIV test result
Negative
Positive
MSA
Atlanta, Georgia
Baltimore, Maryland
Boston, Massachusetts
Chicago, Illinois
Dallas, Texas
Denver, Colorado
Detroit, Michigan
Houston, Texas
Los Angeles, California
Miami, Florida
New York, New York
Nassau-Suffolk, New York
New Orleans, Louisiana
Newark, New Jersey
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
San Diego, California
San Francisco, California
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Seattle, Washington
Washington, DC
Total
Abbreviations: HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; MSA = metropolitan statistical area/division.
* Sample excludes participants who self-reported a previous positive HIV test result. Numbers may not add to totals because of missing data.
†
May include oral, vaginal, or anal sex .
§
Neither the participant nor her partner used a condom.
¶
Suppressed due to small cell sizes
** Persons of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity might be of any race.
††
Poverty level is based on household income and household size.
§§
Injected together, or with the same frequency.
¶¶
Other drugs injected alone or two or more drugs injected with the same frequency.

(%)

No.

(%)

Total
Females

Table 7. Sexual behaviors with female partners during the past 12 months for male participants who did not self-report a previous positive HIV test
result*, by selected characteristics — United States, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System: Injection Drug Users, 2009

Characteristic

Female main partner
Unprotected
vaginal or
Vaginal or
anal sex
anal sex§
No. (%)
No. (%)

Female casual partner
Unprotected
vaginal or
Vaginal or
anal sex
anal sex§
No. (%)
No. (%)

Female exchange partner†
Unprotected
vaginal or
Vaginal or
anal sex
anal sex§
No.
(%)
No. (%)

Racial/Ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic/Latino¶
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Age group (yrs)
18-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
≥ 60
Education
< High school
High school diploma or equivalent
> High school
Household income††
At or below federal poverty level
Above federal poverty level
Arrested, past 12 months
Yes
No
Drug injected most frequently, past 12 months
Heroin alone
Heroin and cocaine§§
Cocaine or crack alone
Methamphetamine
Other¶¶
HIV test result
Negative
Positive
MSA
Atlanta, Georgia
Baltimore, Maryland
Boston, Massachusetts
Chicago, Illinois
Dallas, Texas
Denver, Colorado
Detroit, Michigan
Houston, Texas
Los Angeles, California
Miami, Florida
New York, New York
Nassau-Suffolk, New York
New Orleans, Louisiana
Newark, New Jersey
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
San Diego, California
San Francisco, California
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Seattle, Washington
Washington, DC
Total
Abbreviations: HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; MSA = metropolitan statistical area/division.
* Sample excludes participants who self-reported a previous positive HIV test result. Numbers may not add to totals because of missing data.
†
"Exchange sex" is defined as "someone you have sex with in exchange for things like money or drugs." Includes partners who gave money or drugs to the participant in
exchange for sex, and partners who the participant gave things to in exchange for sex.
§
¶

Neither the participant nor his partner used a condom.
Suppressed due to small cell sizes.

**

Persons of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity might be of any race.

††

Poverty level is based on household income and household size.

§§

Injected together, or with the same frequency.

¶¶

Other drugs injected alone or two or more drugs injected with the same frequency.

Total
Males

Table 8. Sexual behaviors with male partners during the past 12 months for female participants who did not self-report a previous positive HIV test result*, by
selected characteristics — United States, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System: Injection Drug Users, 2009

†

Male main partner
Male casual partner
Male exchange partner
Unprotected
Unprotected
Unprotected
Vaginal or anal vaginal or anal Vaginal or anal vaginal or anal Vaginal or anal vaginal or anal
§
§
§
sex
sex
sex
sex
sex
sex
No.
(%)
No.
(%)
No.
(%)
No.
(%)
No.
(%)
No.
(%)

Characteristic
Racial/Ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic/Latino¶
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Age group (yrs)
18-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
≥ 60
Education
< High school
High school diploma or equivalent
> High school
††

Household income
At or below federal poverty level
Above federal poverty level
Arrested, past 12 months
Yes
No
Drug injected most frequently, past 12 months
Heroin alone
Heroin and cocaine§§
Cocaine or crack alone
Methamphetamine
Other¶¶
HIV test result
Negative
Positive
MSA
Atlanta, Georgia
Baltimore, Maryland
Boston, Massachusetts
Chicago, Illinois
Dallas, Texas
Denver, Colorado
Detroit, Michigan
Houston, Texas
Los Angeles, California
Miami, Florida
New York, New York
Nassau-Suffolk, New York
New Orleans, Louisiana
Newark, New Jersey
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
San Diego, California
San Francisco, California
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Seattle, Washington
Washington, DC
Total
Abbreviations: HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; MSA = metropolitan statistical area/division.
* Sample excludes participants who self-reported a previous positive HIV test result. Numbers may not add to totals because of missing data.
†

"Exchange sex" is defined as "someone you have sex with in exchange for things like money or drugs." Includes partners who gave money or drugs to the participant in exchange
for sex, and partners who the participant gave things to in exchange for sex.
§

Neither the participant nor her partner used a condom.
Suppressed due to small cell sizes.
Persons of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity might be of any race.
††
Poverty level is based on household income and household size.
§§
Injected together, or with the same frequency.
¶¶
Other drugs injected alone or two or more drugs injected with the same frequency.
¶

**

Total
Females

TABLE 9. Current, heavy, or binge drinking during the past 30 days and non-injection drugs during the past 12 months for participants who did not self-report a previous positive HIV test result*, by selected characteristics — United States, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System:
Injecting Drug Users, 2009

Current†
No.

Characteristics
Racial/Ethnicity

Alcohol use in the past 30 days
Heavy§
(%)
No.
(%)

Binge ¶
No.

(%)

Marijuana
No.
(%)

Crack
No.

American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
¶
Hispanic/Latino
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Age group (yrs)
18-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
≥ 60
Education
< High school
High school diploma or equivalent
> High school
***

Household income
At or below federal poverty level
Above federal poverty level
Homeless, past 12 months
Yes
No
Arrested, past 12 months
Yes
No
Drug injected most frequently, past 12 months
Heroin alone
Heroin and cocaine†††
Cocaine or crack alone
Methamphetamine
Other§§§
Alcohol or drug treatment program ¶¶¶
≤ 12 months before interview
> 12 months before interview
Never been in a treatment program
HIV test result
Negative
Positive
MSA
Atlanta, Georgia
Baltimore, Maryland
Boston, Massachusetts
Chicago, Illinois
Dallas, Texas
Denver, Colorado
Detroit, Michigan
Houston, Texas
Los Angeles, California
Miami, Florida
New York, New York
Nassau-Suffolk, New York
New Orleans, Louisiana
Newark, New Jersey
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
San Diego, California
San Francisco, California
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Seattle, Washington
Washington, DC
Total
Abbreviations: HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; MSA = metropolitan statistical area/division.
* Sample excludes participants who self-reported a previous positive HIV test result. Numbers may not add to totals because of missing data.
†
Current drinking is defined as any alcohol in the past 30 days
§
Heavy drinking is defined as >2 drinks per day (males) or >1 drink per day (females) in the past 30 days.
¶
Binge drinking is defined as 5 or more drinks at one sitting (males) or 4 or more drinks at one sitting (females) in the past 30 days.
**
Downers such as Valium, Ativan, or Xanax.
††
Painkillers such as Oxycontin, Vicodin, or Percocet.
§§
Used any of the following drugs: marijuana, crack cocaine, cocaine (powder), heroin, methamphetamine, downers, painkillers, ecstasy, other cub drugs, hallucinogens, GHB, poppers.
¶¶
Persons of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity might be of any race.
***
Poverty level is based on household income and household size.
†††
Injected together, or with the same frequency.
§§§
Other drugs injected alone or two or more drugs injected with the same frequency.
¶¶¶
Includes outpatient, residential, detox, and methadone treatment programs.
**** Suppressed due to small cell size.

(%)

Cocaine
No.

Non-injection drug use in the past 12 months
Heroin
Methamphetamine
(%)
No.
(%)
No.
(%)

Downers**
No.
(%)

Pain-killers††
No.
(%)

Any§§
No.

(%)

Total

TABLE 10a. Self-reported diagnosis of any sexually transmitted diseases, syphilis, or herpes during the past 12 months for participants who did not self-report a previous positive HIV test result*, by selected characteristics — United States, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System: Injecting Drug
Users, 2009
Any STD†
Male
Characteristics

No.

Female
(%)§

No.

Syphilis
Total

(%)¶

No.

Male
(%)**

Racial/Ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic/Latino¶
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Age group (yrs)
18-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
≥ 60
Education
< High school
High school diploma or equivalent
> High school
Household income¶¶
At or below federal poverty level
Above federal poverty level
Health insurance
None
Public only
Private only
Other/multiple
Visited health-care provider, past 12 months
Yes
No
Homeless, past 12 months
Yes
No
Arrested, past 12 months
Yes
No
Drug injected most frequently, past 12 months
Heroin alone
Heroin and cocaine***
Cocaine or crack alone
Methamphetamine
Other†††
Alcohol or drug treatment program§§§
≤ 12 months before interview
> 12 months before interview
Never been in a treatment program
HIV test result
Negative
Positive
MSA
Atlanta, Georgia
Baltimore, Maryland
Boston, Massachusetts
Chicago, Illinois
Dallas, Texas
Denver, Colorado
Detroit, Michigan
Houston, Texas
Los Angeles, California
Miami, Florida
New York, New York
Nassau-Suffolk, New York
New Orleans, Louisiana
Newark, New Jersey
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
San Diego, California
San Francisco, California
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Seattle, Washington
Washington, DC
Total
Abbreviations: HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; MSA = metropolitan statistical area/division.
*Sample excludes participants who self-reported a previous positive HIV test result. Numbers may not add to totals because of missing data.
†

Includes syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, herpes, or other reported STDs.
The proportion is that of all male participants.
The proportion is that of all female participants.
**
The proportion is that of all participants.
††
suppressed due to small cell sizes.
§§
Persons of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity might be of any race.
¶¶
Poverty level is based on household income and household size.
***
Injected together, or with the same frequency.
†††
Other drugs injected alone or two or more drugs injected with the same frequency.
§§§
Includes outpatient, residential, detox, and methadone treatment programs.
§
¶

No.

Herpes

Female
(%)§

No.

Total
(%)¶

No.

Male
(%)**

No.

Female
(%)§

No.

Total
(%)¶

No.

(%)**

Total
Males

Total
Females

Total

TABLE 10b. Self-reported diagnosis of gonorrhea or chlamydia during the past 12 months for participants who did not self-report a previous positive HIV test result*, by selected characteristics — United States, National HIV
Behavioral Surveillance System: Injecting Drug Users, 2009
Gonorrhea
Female

Male
Characteristics

No.

†

(%)

No.

Total
§

(%)

No.

Chlamydia
Female

Male
¶

(%)

Racial/Ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic/Latino¶
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Age group (yrs)
18-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
≥ 60
Education
< High school
High school diploma or equivalent
> High school
Household income§§
At or below federal poverty level
Above federal poverty level
Health insurance
None
Public only
Private only
Other/multiple
Visited health-care provider, past 12 months
Yes
No
Homeless, past 12 months
Yes
No
Arrested, past 12 months
Yes
No
Drug injected most frequently, past 12 months
Heroin alone
Heroin and cocaine¶¶
Cocaine or crack alone
Methamphetamine
Other***
†††
Alcohol or drug treatment program
≤ 12 months before interview
> 12 months before interview
Never been in a treatment program
HIV test result
Negative
Positive
MSA
Atlanta, Georgia
Baltimore, Maryland
Boston, Massachusetts
Chicago, Illinois
Dallas, Texas
Denver, Colorado
Detroit, Michigan
Houston, Texas
Los Angeles, California
Miami, Florida
New York, New York
Nassau-Suffolk, New York
New Orleans, Louisiana
Newark, New Jersey
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
San Diego, California
San Francisco, California
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Seattle, Washington
Washington, DC
Total
Abbreviations: HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; MSA = metropolitan statistical area/division.
*Sample excludes participants who self-reported a previous positive HIV test result. Numbers may not add to totals because of missing data.
†
The proportion is that of all male participants.
§
The proportion is that of all female participants.
¶
The proportion is that of all participants.
**
Suppressed due to small cell sizes.
††
Persons of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity might be of any race.
§§
Poverty level is based on household income and household size.
¶¶
Injected together, or with the same frequency.
***
Other drugs injected alone or two or more drugs injected with the same frequency.
†††
Includes outpatient, residential, detox, and methadone treatment programs.

No.

†

(%)

No.

Total
§

(%)

No.

¶

(%)

Total
Males

Total
Females

Total

TABLE 11. Hepatitis C testing and diagnosis for participants who did not self-report a previous positive HIV test result*, by selected
characteristics — United States, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System: Injecting Drug Users, 2009
Hepatitis C
†
testing
Characteristic
Gender
Male
Female
Racial/Ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black

No.

Hepatitis C
§
diagnosis
(%)

No.

(%)

Total

Hispanic/Latino¶
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Age group (yrs)
18-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
≥ 60
Education
< High school
High school diploma or equivalent
> High school
Household income**
At or below federal poverty level
Above federal poverty level
Health insurance
None
Public only
Private only
Other/multiple
Visited health-care provider, past 12 months
Yes
No
Homeless, past 12 months
Yes
No
Arrested, past 12 months
Yes
No
Drug injected most frequently
Heroin alone
Heroin and cocaine††
Cocaine or crack alone
Methamphetamine
Other§§
¶¶

Alcohol or drug treatment program
≤ 12 months before interview
> 12 months before interview
Never been in a treatment program
Receptive sharing of syringes***
Yes
No

†††

Receptive sharing of injecting equipment
Yes
No

Receptive sharing of syringe to divide drug§§§
Yes
No
HIV test result
Negative
Positive
MSA
Atlanta, Georgia
Baltimore, Maryland
Boston, Massachusetts
Chicago, Illinois
Dallas, Texas
Denver, Colorado
Detroit, Michigan
Houston, Texas
Los Angeles, California
Miami, Florida
New York, New York
Nassau-Suffolk, New York
New Orleans, Louisiana
Newark, New Jersey
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
San Diego, California
San Francisco, California
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Seattle, Washington
Washington, DC
Total
Abbreviations: HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; MSA = metropolitan statistical area/division.
* Sample excludes participants who self-reported a previous positive HIV test result. Numbers may not add to totals because of missing data.
†
Self-reported had ever been told had hepatitis C by a health care provider or ever had a blood test to check for hepatitis C infection.
Because hepatitis C testing information was not directly collected from all participants, calculating the proportion of HCV diagnosis
among those tested is discouraged.
§
Self-reported had ever been told had hepatitis C by a health care provider.
¶
Persons of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity might be of any race.
**
Poverty level is based on household income and household size.
††
Injected together, or with the same frequency.
§§
Other drugs injected alone or two or more drugs injected with the same frequency.
¶¶
Includes outpatient, residential, detox, and methadone treatment programs.
***
During the past 12 months, used needles that was already been used by someone else.
†††
During the past 12 months, used cooker (spoon, bottle cap, etc) or cotton (used to filter particles from drug solution) that was already used by someone else
§§§
During the past 12 months, divided drug solution with a syringe someone already injected with.

TABLE 12. HIV testing for participants who did not self-report a previous positive HIV test result*, by selected characteristics — United
States, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System: Injecting Drug Users, 2009
Tested during the
past 12 months

Ever tested
Characteristic

No.

(%)

No.

(%)

Gender
Male
Female
Racial/Ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic/Latino¶
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Age group (yrs)
18-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
≥ 60
Education
< High school
High school diploma or equivalent
> High school
Household income§
At or below federal poverty level
Above federal poverty level
Health insurance
None
Public only
Private only
Other/multiple
Homeless, past 12 months
Yes
No
Visited health-care provider, past 12 months
Yes
No
Arrested, past 12 months
Yes
No
Drug injected most frequently, past 12 months
Heroin alone
Heroin and cocaine¶
Cocaine or crack alone
Methamphetamine
Other**
Alcohol or drug treatment program††
≤ 12 months before interview
> 12 months before interview
Never been in a treatment program
HIV test result
Negative
Positive
MSA
Atlanta, Georgia
Baltimore, Maryland
Boston, Massachusetts
Chicago, Illinois
Dallas, Texas
Denver, Colorado
Detroit, Michigan
Houston, Texas
Los Angeles, California
Miami, Florida
New York, New York
Nassau-Suffolk, New York
New Orleans, Louisiana
Newark, New Jersey
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
San Diego, California
San Francisco, California
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Seattle, Washington
Washington, DC
Total
Abbreviations: HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; MSA = metropolitan statistical area/division.
* Sample excludes participants who self-reported a previous positive HIV test result. Numbers may not add to totals because of missing data.
†
Persons of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity might be of any race.
§
Poverty level is based on household income and household size.
¶
Injected together, or with the same frequency.
**
Other drugs injected alone or two or more drugs injected with the same frequency.
††
Includes outpatient, residential, detox, and methadone treatment programs.

Total

TABLE 13. Facility types reported as the most recent place of HIV testing during the past 12 months for participants who did not selfreport a previous positive HIV test result* — United States, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System: Injecting Drug Users, 2009
Male
Facility type

No.

Female
(%)

No.

Total
(%)

No.

Public health clinic or community health center
Correctional facility (jail or prison)
Hospital (inpatient)
HIV/AIDS street outreach program/mobile unit
Drug treatment programs
HIV counseling and testing site
Private doctor office (including HMO)
Emergency room
Syringe exchange program
Sexually transmitted disease clinic
Other
All
Abbreviations: HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; AIDS = acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; HMO = health maintenance organization.
* Sample excludes participants who self-reported a previous positive HIV test result. Numbers may not add to totals because of missing data. Column
percentages may not add to 100% because of rounding.

%

TABLE 14. Reasons for not being tested for HIV during the past 12 months for participants who did not self-report a
previous positive HIV test result* — United States, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System: Injecting Drug Users,
2009
Reason

A reason†
No.

(%)

Main reason§
No.

Afraid of finding out had HIV
Low risk for HIV
Didn't have time
No money or insurance to pay
Worried someone would find out results
Don't know where to go to get tested
Worried name would be reported to government
Worried about losing job, health insurance, or house
No transportation to a testing place
Don't like needles
Other reasons for not taking an HIV test
Abbreviations: HIV = human immunodeficiency virus
* Sample (N= 4,928) is limited to participants who were not tested during the past 12 months and excludes participants who self-reported a
previous positive HIV test result.
†

§

Participants were asked to indicate whether each reason had contributed to not getting an HIV test;
answers are not mutually exclusive.

Participants were asked to indicate which reason was the most important. Responses are mutually exclusive, but may not add to total
because of missing or unknown.

(%)

TABLE 15. HIV prevention materials or services received during the past 12 months for participants who did not self-report a previous positive HIV test result*, by selected characteristics — United States, National HIV Behavioral
Surveillance System: Injecting Drug Userss, 2009

Materials

Characteristics
Gender
Male
Female
Racial/Ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black

Free sterile
syringes
No.
(%)

Free injection
equipment†
No.
(%)

Free condoms
No.
(%)

Alcohol or drug
treatment§
No.
(%)

Hispanic/Latino¶
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
White
Age group (yrs)
18-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
≥ 60
Education
< High school
High school diploma or equivalent
> High school
¶¶

Household income
At or below federal poverty level
Above federal poverty level
Health insurance
None
Public only
Private only
Other/multiple
Visited health-care provider, past 12 months
Yes
No
Homeless, past 12 months
Yes
No
Arrested, past 12 months
Yes
No
Drug injected most frequently, , past 12 months
Heroin alone
Heroin and cocaine***
Cocaine or crack alone
Methamphetamine
†††

Other
§§§
Alcohol or drug treatment program
≤ 12 months before interview
> 12 months before interview
Never been in a treatment program
HIV test result
Negative
Positive
MSA
Atlanta, Georgia
Baltimore, Maryland
Boston, Massachusetts
Chicago, Illinois
Dallas, Texas
Denver, Colorado
Detroit, Michigan
Houston, Texas
Los Angeles, California
Miami, Florida
New York, New York
Nassau-Suffolk, New York
New Orleans, Louisiana
Newark, New Jersey
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
San Diego, California
San Francisco, California
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Seattle, Washington
Washington, DC
Total
Abbreviations: HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; MSA = metropolitan statistical area/division.
* Sample excludes participants who self-reported a previous positive HIV test result. Numbers may not add to totals because of missing data.
†
Free injection equipment was defined as kits that have items like cookers, cotton, or water for rinsing needles for preparing drugs.
§
Include an outpatient, residential, detoxification, or methadone treatment program.
¶
One-on-one conversation with an outreach worker, a counselor, or a prevention program worker about ways to prevent HIV excluding those that were part of HIV testing.
**
Small-group discussion to discuss ways of preventing HIV that is part of an organized session and excludes discussions with friends.
††
Suppressed due to small cell sizes.
§§
Persons of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity might be of any race.
¶¶
Poverty level is based on household income and household size.
***
Injected together, or with the same frequency.
†††
Other drugs injected alone or two or more drugs injected with the same frequency.
§§§
Includes outpatient, residential, detox, and methadone treatment programs.

Individual-level
intervention (ILI)¶
No.
(%)

Services
Group-level
intervention
(GLI)**
No.
(%)

ILI or GLI
No.
(%)

HIV Testing
No.
(%)

Total

TABLE 16. Free sterile syringes or injection equipment received during past 12 months for participants who did not self-report a
previous positive HIV test result*, by drug use behaviors — United States, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System: Injecting
Drug Users, 2009
Free sterile
syringes
No.

Drug use behaviors

†

(%)

Free injection equipment
No.
(%)

Total

Drug injected most frequently
Heroin
§

Heroin and cocaine
Cocaine or crack alone
Methamphetamine
¶

Other
Frequency of Injection
More than once a day
Once a day
More than once a week
Once a week
More than once a month
Once a month or less often
Receptive sharing of syringes**
Yes
No
Receptive sharing injection equipment
Yes
No

††

Receptive sharing of syringes to divide drugs

§§

Yes
No
Total
Abbreviations: HIV = human immunodeficiency virus.
* Sample excludes participants who self-reported a previous positive HIV test result. Numbers may not add to totals because of missing data.
†
Free injection equipment was defined as kits that have items like cookers, cotton, or water for rinsing needles for preparing drugs.
§
Injected together, or with the same frequency.
¶

Other drugs injected alone or two or more drugs injected with the same frequency.
During the past 12 months, used needles that were already used by someone else.
††
During the past 12 months, used cooker (spoon, bottle cap, etc) or cotton (used to filter particles from drug solution) that was already used by someone
else or shared water for rinising needles or preparing drugs.
§§
During the past 12 months, divided drug solution with a syringe someone already injected with.
**

TABLE 17. HIV prevention materials or services received during the past 12 months for participants who did not self-report a previous positive HIV test result*, by
type of provider — United States, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System: Injecting Drug Users, 2009

Provider type
HIV/AIDS-focused community-based organization
Syringe exchange program
IDU outreach program
Community health center/public health clinic
Drug treatment program
Gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender community
Business
School, college, or university
Gay Pride or similar event
Other

Free sterile syringes
No.
(%)

Free injection
equipment†
No.
(%)

Free condoms
No.
(%)

Individual-level
intervention (ILI)§
No.
(%)

Group-level
intervention (GLI)¶
No.
(%)

Total
Abbreviations: HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; AIDS = acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; IDU = injection drug use.
* Sample excludes participants who self-reported a previous positive HIV test result. Numbers may not add to totals because responses are both mutually exclusive or missing data.
†
§
¶
**

Free injection equipment was defined as kits that have items like cookers, cotton, or water for rinsing needles for preparing drugs.
One-on-one conversation with an outreach worker, a counselor, or a prevention program worker about ways to prevent HIV excluding those that were part of HIV testing.
Small-group discussion to discuss ways of preventing HIV that is part of an organized session and excludes discussions with friends.
Suppressed due to small cell sizes.