Advance Beneficiary Notice of Noncoverage (ABN) and Supporting Regulations in 42 CFR 411.404 and 411.408

Form Instructions
Advance Beneficiary Notice of Noncoverage (ABN)
OMB Approval Number: 0938-0566

Overview
The ABN is a notice given to beneficiaries in Original Medicare to convey that Medicare is
not likely to provide coverage in a specific case. “Notifiers” include physicians, providers
(including institutional providers like outpatient hospitals), practitioners and suppliers paid
under Part B (including independent laboratories), as well as hospice providers and religious
non-medical health care institutions (RNHCIs) paid exclusively under Part A. Home health
agencies (HHAs) have used the HHABN Option Box 1 in the past to inform beneficiaries of
liability. With the publication of these instructions, HHAs may now issue the ABN instead of
the HHABN Option Box 1. In the near future, the HHABN will be discontinued and replaced
with the ABN and a new change of care notice called the Home Health Change of Care
Notice (HHCCN). The date for all HHAs to discontinue HHABN use will be published on
the CMS website http://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-GeneralInformation/BNI/HHABN.html and announced via Open Door Forums and Home Health
Agency listservs.
All of the aforementioned physicians, suppliers, practitioners, and providers must complete
the ABN as described below, and deliver the notice to affected beneficiaries or their
representative before providing the items or services that are the subject of the notice. (Note
that although Medicare inpatient hospitals use other approved notices for this purpose, skilled
nursing facilities (SNFs) must use the revised ABN for Part B items and services.) Since
March 1, 2009, the ABN-G and ABN-L are no longer valid; and notifiers must use the
revised Advance Beneficiary Notice of Noncoverage (CMS-R-131).
The ABN must be verbally reviewed with the beneficiary or his/her representative and any
questions raised during that review must be answered before it is signed. The ABN must be
delivered far enough in advance that the beneficiary or representative has time to consider the
options and make an informed choice. Employees or subcontractors of the notifier may
deliver the ABN. ABNs are never required in emergency or urgent care situations. Once all
blanks are completed and the form is signed, a copy is given to the beneficiary or
representative. In all cases, the notifier must retain the original notice on file.
ABN Changes
The ABN is a formal information collection subject to approval by the Executive Office of
Management and Budget (OMB) under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (PRA). As
part of this process, the notice is subject to public comment and re-approval every 3 years.
The revised ABN included in this package incorporates: suggestions for changes made by
notifiers over the past 3 years of use, refinements made to similar liability notices in the same
period based on consumer testing and other means, as well as related Medicare policy

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changes and clarifications occurring in the same interval. We have made additional changes
based on suggestions received during the recent public comment period.
This version of the ABN continues to combine the general ABN (ABN-G) and the laboratory
ABN (ABN-L) into a single notice, with an identical OMB form number. As combined,
however, the new notice will capture the overall improvements incorporated into the revised
ABN while still permitting pre-printing of the lab-specific key information and denial
reasons used in the former ABN-L.
Also, note that while previously the ABN was only required for denial reasons recognized
under section 1879 of the Act, the revised version of the ABN may also be used to provide
voluntary notification of financial liability.
Instructions for completion of the form are set forth below. Once the new ABN approval
process is completed, CMS will issue detailed instructions on the use of the ABN in its online Medicare Claims Processing Manual, Publication 100-04, Chapter 30, §50. Related
policy on billing and coding of claims, as well as coverage determinations, is found
elsewhere in the CMS manual system or website (www.cms.hhs.gov).
Completing the Notice
OMB-approved ABNs are placed on the CMS website at:
http://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-General-Information/BNI/ABN.html . Notices
placed on this site can be downloaded and should be used as is, as the ABN is a standardized
OMB-approved notice. However, some allowance for customization of format is allowed as
mentioned for those choosing to integrate the ABN into other automated business processes.
ABNs must be reproduced on a single page. The page may be either letter or legal-size, with
additional space allowed for each blank needing completion when a legal-size page is used.
Sections and Blanks:
There are 10 blanks for completion in this notice, labeled from (A) through (J), with
accompanying instructions for each blank below. We recommend that the labels for
the blanks be removed before use. Blanks (A)-(F) and blank (H) may be completed
prior to delivering the notice, as appropriate. Entries in the blanks may be typed or
hand-written, but should be large enough (i.e., approximately 12-point font) to allow
ease in reading. (Note that 10 point font can be used in blanks when detailed
information must be given and is otherwise difficult to fit in the allowed space.) The
notifier must also insert the blank (D) header information into the blanks labeled (D)
within the Option Box, Blank (G). The check boxes in the Option Box, Blank (G),
must be completed by the beneficiary or his/her representative. Blank (I) should be a
cursive signature, with printed annotation if needed in order to be understood.
A. Header
Blanks A-C, the header of the notice, must be completed by the notifier prior to delivering
the ABN.

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Blank (A) Notifier(s): Notifiers must place their name, address, and telephone number
(including TTY number when needed) at the top of the notice. This information may be
incorporated into a notifier’s logo at the top of the notice by typing, hand-writing, preprinting, using a label or other means.
If the billing and notifying entities are not the same, the name of more than one entity may be
given in the Header as long as it is specified in the Additional Information (H) section who
should be contacted for questions.
Blank (B) Patient Name: Notifiers must enter the first and last name of the beneficiary
receiving the notice, and a middle initial should also be used if there is one on the
beneficiary’s Medicare (HICN) card. The ABN will not be invalidated by a misspelling or
missing initial, as long as the beneficiary or representative recognizes the name listed on the
notice as that of the beneficiary.
Blank (C) Identification Number: Use of this field is optional. Notifiers may enter an
identification number for the beneficiary that helps to link the notice with a related claim.
The absence of an identification number does not invalidate the ABN. An internal filing
number created by the notifier, such as a medical record number, may be used. Medicare
numbers (HICNs) or Social Security numbers must not appear on the notice.
B. Body
Blank (D): The following descriptors may be used in the header of Blank (D):
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Item
Service
Laboratory test
Test
Procedure
Care
Equipment

The notifier must list the specific items or services believed to be noncovered under
the header of Blank (D).
In the case of partial denials, notifiers must list in Blank (D) the excess component(s)
of the item or service for which denial is expected.
For repetitive or continuous noncovered care, notifiers must specify the frequency
and/or duration of the item or service. See § 50.14.3 for additional information.
General descriptions of specifically grouped supplies are permitted. For example,
“wound care supplies” would be a sufficient description of a group of items used to
provide this care. An itemized list of each supply is generally not required.
When a reduction in service occurs, notifiers must provide enough additional
information so that the beneficiary understands the nature of the reduction. For
example, entering “wound care supplies decreased from weekly to monthly” would
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be appropriate to describe a decrease in frequency for this category of supplies; just
writing “wound care supplies decreased” is insufficient.
Blank (E) Reason Medicare May Not Pay: In this blank, notifiers must explain, in
beneficiary friendly language, why they believe the items or services described in Blank (D)
may not be covered by Medicare. Three commonly used reasons for noncoverage are:
•
•
•

“Medicare does not pay for this test for your condition.”
“Medicare does not pay for this test as often as this (denied as too frequent).”
“Medicare does not pay for experimental or research use tests.”

To be a valid ABN, there must be at least one reason applicable to each item or service listed
in Blank (D). The same reason for noncoverage may be applied to multiple items in Blank
(D).
Blank (F) Estimated Cost: Notifiers must complete Blank (F) to ensure the beneficiary has
all available information to make an informed decision about whether or not to obtain
potentially noncovered services.
Notifiers must make a good faith effort to insert a reasonable estimate for all of the items or
services listed in Blank (D). In general, we would expect that the estimate should be within
$100 or 25% of the actual costs, whichever is greater; however, an estimate that exceeds the
actual cost substantially would generally still be acceptable, since the beneficiary would not
be harmed if the actual costs were less than predicted. Thus, examples of acceptable
estimates would include, but not be limited to, the following:
For a service that costs $250:
Any dollar estimate equal to or greater than $150
“Between $150-300”
“No more than $500”
For a service that costs $500:
•
•
•

Any dollar estimate equal to or greater than $375
“Between $400-600”
“No more than $700”

Multiple items or services that are routinely grouped can be bundled into a single cost
estimate. For example, a single cost estimate can be given for a group of laboratory tests,
such as a basic metabolic panel (BMP). Average daily cost estimates are also permissible for
long term or complex projections. As noted above, providers may also pre-print a menu of
items or services in Blank (D) and include a cost estimate alongside each item or service. If a
situation involves the possibility of additional tests or procedures (such as in reflex testing),
and the costs associated with such tests cannot be reasonably estimated by the notifier at the
time of ABN delivery, the notifier may enter the initial cost estimate and indicate the

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possibility of further testing. Finally, if for some reason the notifier is unable to provide a
good faith estimate of projected costs at the time of ABN delivery, the notifier may indicate
in the cost estimate area that no cost estimate is available. We would not expect either of
these last two scenarios to be routine or frequent practices, but the beneficiary would have
the option of signing the ABN and accepting liability in these situations.
CMS will work with its contractors to ensure consistency when evaluating cost estimates and
determining validity of the ABN in general. In addition, contractors will provide ongoing
education to notifiers as needed to ensure proper notice delivery. Notifiers should contact the
appropriate CMS regional office if they believe that a contractor inappropriately invalidated
an ABN.
C. Options
Blank (G) Options: Blank (G) contains the following three options:
☐ OPTION 1. I want the (D)
listed above. You may ask to be paid now,
but I also want Medicare billed for an official decision on payment, which is sent to me on a
Medicare Summary Notice (MSN). I understand that if Medicare doesn’t pay, I am
responsible for payment, but I can appeal to Medicare by following the directions on the
MSN. If Medicare does pay, you will refund any payments I made to you, less co-pays or
deductibles.
This option allows the beneficiary to receive the items and/or services at issue and requires
the notifier to submit a claim to Medicare. This will result in a payment decision that can be
appealed. See Ch. 30, §50.15.1 of the online Medicare Claims Processing Manual for
instructions on the notifier’s obligation to bill Medicare. Suppliers and providers who don’t
accept Medicare assignment may make modifications to Option 1 only as specified below
under D. Additional Information.
Note: Beneficiaries who need to obtain an official Medicare decision in order to file a claim
with a secondary insurance should choose Option 1.
☐ OPTION 2. I want the (D)
listed above, but do not bill Medicare. You
may ask to be paid now as I am responsible for payment. I cannot appeal if Medicare is not
billed.
This option allows the beneficiary to receive the noncovered items and/or services and pay
for them out of pocket. No claim will be filed and Medicare will not be billed. Thus, there
are no appeal rights associated with this option.
☐ OPTION 3. I don’t want the (D)
listed above. I understand with this
choice I am not responsible for payment, and I cannot appeal to see if Medicare would pay.

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This option means the beneficiary does not want the care in question. By checking this box,
the beneficiary understands that no additional care will be provided and thus, there are no
appeal rights associated with this option.
The beneficiary or his or her representative must choose only one of the three options listed
in Blank (G). Under no circumstances can the notifier decide for the beneficiary which of the
3 checkboxes to select. Pre-selection of an option by the notifier invalidates the notice.
However, at the beneficiary’s request, notifiers may enter the beneficiary’s selection if he or
she is physically unable to do so. In such cases, notifiers must annotate the notice
accordingly.
If there are multiple items or services listed in Blank (D) and the beneficiary wants to receive
some, but not all of the items or services, the notifier can accommodate this request by using
more than one ABN. The notifier can furnish an additional ABN listing the items/services
the beneficiary wishes to receive with the corresponding option.
If the beneficiary cannot or will not make a choice, the notice should be annotated, for
example: “beneficiary refused to choose an option”.
D. Additional Information
Blank (H) Additional Information: Notifiers may use this space to provide additional
clarification that they believe will be of use to beneficiaries. For example, notifiers may use
this space to include:
•
•
•
•

A statement advising the beneficiary to notify his or her provider about certain tests
that were ordered, but not received;
Information on other insurance coverage for beneficiaries, such as a Medigap policy,
if applicable ;
An additional dated witness signature; or
Other necessary annotations.

Annotations will be assumed to have been made on the same date as that appearing in Blank
J, accompanying the signature. If annotations are made on different dates, those dates should
be part of the annotations.
Special guidance ONLY for non-participating suppliers and providers (those who don’t
accept Medicare assignment):
• Strike the last sentence in the Option 1 paragraph with a single line so that it appears
like this: If Medicare does pay, you will refund any payments I made to you, less copays or deductibles.
o This single line strike can be included on ABNs printed specifically for issuance
when unassigned items and services are furnished. Alternatively, the line can
be hand-penned on an already printed ABN.
o The sentence must be stricken and can’t be entirely concealed or deleted.
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•

•

o There is no requirement for suppliers or the beneficiary to place initials next
to the stricken sentence or date the annotations when the notifier makes the
changes to the ABN before issuing the notice to the beneficiary.
When this sentence is stricken, the supplier shall include the following CMS-approved
unassigned claim statement in the (H) Additional Information section.
“This supplier doesn’t accept payment from Medicare for the item(s) listed in
the table above. If I checked Option 1 above, I am responsible for paying the
supplier’s charge for the item(s) directly to the supplier. If Medicare does pay,
Medicare will pay me the Medicare-approved amount for the item(s), and
this payment to me may be less than the supplier’s charge.”
o This statement can be included on ABNs printed for unassigned items and
services, or it can be handwritten in a legible 10 point or larger font.
An ABN with the Option 1 sentence stricken must contain the CMS-approved
unassigned claim statement as written above to be considered valid notice. Similarly,
when the unassigned claim statement is included in the “Additional Information”
section, the last sentence in Option 1 should be stricken.

E. Signature Box
Once the beneficiary reviews and understands the information contained in the ABN, the
Signature Box is to be completed by the beneficiary (or representative). This box cannot be
completed in advance of the rest of the notice.
Blank (I) Signature: The beneficiary (or representative) must sign the notice to indicate
that he or she has received the notice and understands its contents. If a representative signs
on behalf of a beneficiary, he or she should write out “representative” in parentheses after his
or her signature. The representative’s name should be clearly legible or noted in print.
Blank (J) Date: The beneficiary (or representative) must write the date he or she signed the
ABN. If the beneficiary has physical difficulty with writing and requests assistance in
completing this blank, the date may be inserted by the notifier.
Disclosure Statement: The disclosure statement in the footer of the notice is required to be
included on the document.

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