Bridge Permit Application Guide

OFFICE OF BRIDGE PROGRAMS, U.S. COAST GUARD

Bridge Permit
Application
Guide

COMDTPUB P16591.3C
OCTOBER 2011

OMB Control No. 1625-0015
Exp: 01/31/2016

Promulgation Letter
2100 2ND Street, SW, STOP 7580
Washington, DC 20593-7580
COMDT (CG-551)
Phone: (202) 372-1511
Fax: (202) 372-1992

Commandant
United States Coast Guard

COMDTPUB P16591.3C
OCT 17, 2011
COMMANDANT PUBLICATION P16591.3C
Subj:

BRIDGE PERMIT APPLICATION GUIDE

1. PURPOSE. This manual has been prepared to assist Federal, State and local agencies, as
well as members of the general public, when applying for a Coast Guard permit to construct a
new bridge or causeway or reconstruct or modify an existing bridge or causeway across the
navigable waters of the United States.
2. ACTION. All Coat Guard unit commanders, commanding officers, officers-in-charge,
deputy/assistant commandants, and chiefs of headquarters staff elements shall comply with
the provisions of this manual. Internet release is authorized.
3. DIRECTIVES AFFECTED. This Publication supersedes the previous Bridge Permit
Application Guide, COMDTPUB P15691.3B.
4. DISCUSSION. Federal law prohibits the construction of any bridge across the navigable
waters of the United States unless first authorized by the Coast Guard. This manual shall be
provided to State or local agencies who routinely apply for bridge permits and to other
prospective applicants when requested through the Internet. If the procedures described in
this manual are followed, it will expedite the permitting process. Questions regarding a
specific project should be directed to the Bridge Program staff of the Coast Guard district
where the project is located.
5. SUMMARY OF CHANGES.
a. There have been many minor changes incorporated into this edition of the Bridge Permit
Application Guide. A significant portion of the introductory/background information has
been removed and will now be available solely on the Commandant (CG-551) website
(http://www.uscg.mil/hq/cg5/cg551/). A significant change is the previous guide section
which identified the information required for a letter of application, including a sample
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COMDTPUB P16591.3C

letter, was deemed repetitive. The sample letter has been removed and the section on the
application package requirements has been updated. Also moved to the Commandant
(CG-551) website is the glossary, lighting guide and guide clearance information, along
with the district map and contact info.
b. The document attached herein provides all the necessary information for an applicant to
apply for a Coast Guard bridge permit. The guide is now broken down into two sections,
the Introduction and the Permit Application. The permit application section is further
broken down into three subsections: The Application Package, Plan Sheet Requirements
and Environmental Document Requirements. Overall the Guide provides policy guidance
and clarification on program implementing procedures and numerous editorial and format
changes.
6. RECORDS MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS. This Manual has been thoroughly
reviewed during the directives clearance process, and it has been determined there are no
further records scheduling requirements, in accordance with Federal Records Act, 44 U.S.C.
3101 et seq., NARA requirements, and Information and Life Cycle Management Manual,
COMDTINST M5212.12 (series). This policy does not have any significant or substantial
change to existing records management requirements.
7. ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS AND IMPACT CONSIDERATION.
a. The development of this directive and the general policies contained within it have been
thoroughly reviewed by the originating office and are categorically excluded (CE) under
current USCG CE #33 from further environmental analysis, in accordance with Section
2.B.2. and Figure 2-1 of the National Environmental Policy Act Implementing Procedures
and Policy for Considering Environmental Impacts, COMDTINST M16475.1 (series).
b. This directive will not have any of the following: significant cumulative impacts on the
human environment; substantial controversy or substantial change to existing
environmental conditions; or inconsistencies with any Federal, State, or local laws or
administrative determinations relating to the environment. All future specific actions
resulting from the general policies in this Manual must be individually evaluated for
compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), Council on
Environmental Policy NEPA regulations at 40 CFR Parts 1500-1508, DHS and Coast
Guard NEPA policy, and compliance with all other environmental mandates.
8. FORMS/REPORTS. None.

D.A. Goward /s/
Director, Marine Transportation
Systems Management

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 1  INTRODUCTION TO THE PERMITTING PROCESS .....................................................1 
SECTION 2  PERMIT APPLICATION ....................................................................................................3 
A.  THE APPLICATION PACKAGE .........................................................................................................3 
1.  Where to submit the permit application ...........................................................................................3 
2.  Format for cover letter .....................................................................................................................3 
a.  Applicant information ................................................................................................................3 
b.  Consultant/Agent information ...................................................................................................3 
c.  Proposed Bridge(s).....................................................................................................................3 
d.  Legal Authority for proposed action ..........................................................................................4 
e.  International bridges (if applicable) ...........................................................................................4 
f.  Dimensions of the navigation opening ......................................................................................4 
1)  Vertical clearance.................................................................................................................4 
2)  Horizontal clearance ............................................................................................................5 
3)  Length of bridge project.......................................................................................................5 
4)  Width of project ...................................................................................................................5 
5)  Depth of the waterway .........................................................................................................5 
6)  Width of waterway ...............................................................................................................5 
g.  Waterway characteristics, usage and prospective impacts ........................................................5 
h.  Existing bridge(s) .......................................................................................................................6 
i.  Removal of existing bridge(s) ....................................................................................................7 
j.  Other Agencies with jurisdiction ...............................................................................................7 
k.  Summary of environmental analysis ..........................................................................................7 
l.  Signature Block ..........................................................................................................................7 
3.  Attachments to the application package ..........................................................................................7 
a.  Map of the location/vicinity and plan sheets .............................................................................7 
b.  Environmental Evaluation or Re-Evaluation .............................................................................7 
c.  Navigation Survey .....................................................................................................................7 
d.  Vessel Impact Assessment .........................................................................................................7 
e.  Lead federal agency’s CE, EA or EIS .......................................................................................7 
f.  Authorization to make application .............................................................................................8 
g.  Consultant/ Agent authorization letter .......................................................................................8 
h.  Proof of ownership .....................................................................................................................8 
i.  Proof of right to build ................................................................................................................8 
j.  Extracts of motions from meetings ............................................................................................8 
k.  Water quality certification .........................................................................................................8 
l.  CZM consistency .......................................................................................................................8 
m.  State agency concurrence in CZM .............................................................................................8 
n.  List of property owners ..............................................................................................................8 
o.  Summary of preliminary conferences and early coordination ...................................................8 
4.  Applications for Extensions of Time ...............................................................................................8 
a.  Letter requesting extension of time............................................................................................8 
1)  Description of construction ..................................................................................................8 
2)  Status of the construction work............................................................................................8 
3)  Why an extension is needed .................................................................................................8 
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4)  Percentage of project completed ..........................................................................................8 
5)  Length of extension..............................................................................................................8 
b.  Water Quality Certification........................................................................................................9 
c.  Coastal Zone Management ........................................................................................................9 
d.  State concurrence with CZM .....................................................................................................9 
e.  Environmental documentation ...................................................................................................9 
B.  PLAN SHEETS......................................................................................................................................9 
1.  Plan Sheet Checklist ........................................................................................................................9 
a.  General .......................................................................................................................................9 
b.  Title Blocks ................................................................................................................................9 
c.  Location/Vicinity Map .............................................................................................................10 
d.  Plan View .................................................................................................................................10 
e.  Elevation View.........................................................................................................................11 
f.  Typical Section View ...............................................................................................................11 
g.  Details of the Bridge Protective System ..................................................................................12 
h.  Temporary Structures/Falsework .............................................................................................12 
i.  Bridge Lighting Plan ................................................................................................................12 
EXAMPLE 2.1 - Example of Permit Plans, Location and Vicinity Maps ..............................13 
EXAMPLE 2.2 - Example of Permit Plans, Combined Vicinity and Location Map .............14 
EXAMPLE 2.3 - Example of Permit Plans, Combined Plan and Elevation Views ...............15 
EXAMPLE 2.4 - Example of Permit Plans, Combined Plan and Elevation Views ...............16 
EXAMPLE 2.5 - Example of Permit Plans, Combined Plan and Elevation Views ...............17 
EXAMPLE 2.6 - Example of Permit Plans, Plan View ............................................................18 
EXAMPLE 2.7 - Example of Permit Plans, Elevation View ....................................................19 
EXAMPLE 2.8 - Example of Permit Plans, Typical Cross Section.........................................20 
EXAMPLE 2.9 - Example of Permit Plans, Bridge Protective System...................................21 
EXAMPLE 2.10 - Example of Permit Plans, Bridge Protective System.................................22 
C.  ENVIRONMENTAL DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS .......................................................23 
1.  Required information for application package ..............................................................................23 
a.  Alternatives ..............................................................................................................................23 
b.  Clean Water Act .......................................................................................................................23 
c.  Coastal Zone Management Plan ..............................................................................................24 
d.  Floodplain ................................................................................................................................25 
e.  Historic/cultural resources .......................................................................................................25 
f.  Wetlands ..................................................................................................................................26 
g.  Fish and wildlife ......................................................................................................................26 
1)  Threatened and endangered species ...................................................................................26 
2)  Essential fish habitat ..........................................................................................................27 
h.  Noise ........................................................................................................................................27 
i.  Clean Air ..................................................................................................................................28 
j.  Wild and Scenic Rivers ............................................................................................................29 
k.  Residential or business displacement.......................................................................................30 
l.  Prime and unique farmland ......................................................................................................30 
m.  Other environmental control laws ............................................................................................30 
n.  Cumulative and indirect impacts .............................................................................................31 
2.  Environmental checklist.................................................................................................................32 
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TABLE 2.1 - Environmental Control Laws, Executive Orders, and Regulations Requiring
Compliance, as applicable, with Bridge Program Actions.......................................................33 

iii

SECTION 1

INTRODUCTION TO THE PERMITTING PROCESS

The Coast Guard approves the location and plans of bridges and causeways and imposes any
necessary conditions relating to the construction, maintenance, and operation of these bridges in
the interest of public navigation. A bridge permit is the written approval of the location and
plans of the bridge or causeway to be constructed or modified across a navigable waterway of the
United States. Any individual, partnership, corporation, or local, state, or federal legislative
body, agency, or authority planning to construct or modify a bridge or causeway across a
navigable waterway of the U.S. must apply for a Coast Guard bridge permit in accordance with
33 CFR 115.50.
Additional information regarding Coast Guard permitting can be found online at
http://www.uscg.mil/hq/cg5/cg551/default.asp Federal law prohibits the construction of these
structures unless the Coast Guard first authorizes them. By following the procedures in this
publication the Coast Guard can efficiently process a bridge permit application.
This guidance is not a substitute for applicable legal requirements, nor is it itself a rule. It is not
intended to nor does it impose legally-binding requirements on any party. It represents the Coast
Guard’s current thinking on this topic and may assist industry, mariners, the general public, and
the Coast Guard, as well as other federal and state regulators, in applying statutory and
regulatory requirements. You can use an alternative approach for complying with these
requirements if the approach satisfies the requirements of the applicable statutes and regulations.
If you want to discuss an alternative approach (you are not required to do so), you may contact
the District Commander who is responsible for implementing this guidance.

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2

SECTION 2

PERMIT APPLICATION

The Coast Guard bridge permitting process is directed by laws, policies, professional standards,
and other requirements. This chapter is a guide to help you through the bridge permit application
process. Additional information may be found at 33 CFR, Parts 114 and 115.
A. THE APPLICATION PACKAGE - The application package consists of a cover letter,
permit plans, and an environmental evaluation. A checklist for each of these portions
of the application follows this section.
1. Per 33 CFR 1115.50(k), when you apply for a bridge permit, submit an application
package to the cognizant Coast Guard District Bridge Office which has jurisdiction over
the area of the proposed bridge site.
2. Format the application cover letter as shown below.
Salutation (i.e. Dear Sir;)
Application is hereby made for a Coast Guard Bridge Permit.
a. Applicant information:
1) Name;
2) Address;
3) Telephone number; and
4) Email address.
b. Consultant/Agent information (if employed):
1) Name;
2) Address;
3) Telephone number; and
4) Email address.
c. Proposed Bridge(s):
1) Lead federal agency for environmental review;
2) Name of the waterway that the bridge crosses;
3) Number of miles above the mouth of the waterway where the bridge is located
and provide latitude and longitude at centerline of navigation channel (contact the
local Coast Guard Bridge Office for guidance);
3

4) City or town, county, and state where the bridge is located at, near, or between;
5) Brief description of project to include type of bridge proposed and existing bridge
at project site, if applicable;
6) Purpose and need of project;
7) Estimated cost of bridge and approaches;
a) Provide the estimated cost of the bridge as proposed, with required vertical
and horizontal navigational clearances.
b) Provide the estimated cost of a low level bridge on the same alignment with
only sufficient clearance to pass high water while meeting the intended
purpose and need.
8) Type and source of project funding (federal, state, private etc).
d. Legal Authority for proposed action:
1) The primary authority for the construction of the bridge and under what
legislative authority the bridge is being built (state permit, charter, or statement of
ownership of lands); typically the General Bridge Act of 1946, as amended; and
2) The legislative authority for the existing bridge as listed in the original permit if it
is to be replaced.
3) If the applicant does not own the existing bridge which is being replaced or
modified, include a signed statement from the bridge owner authorizing the
removal or modification work.
e. International bridges (if applicable):
1) The International Bridge Act of 1972, or a copy of the Special Act of Congress if
constructed prior to 1972, should be cited as the legislative authority for
international bridge construction; and
2) Presidential approval shall be obtained from the State Department prior to issuing
a Coast Guard bridge permit under the International Bridge Act of 1972.
NOTE: Please include a copy of State Department approval for international
bridges in the application package for a Coast Guard bridge permit.
f. Dimensions of the navigation opening: (All navigational clearances should be stated
in US linear feet. Provide clearances in meters if international bridge).
1) Vertical clearance: This is the vertical distance between the lowest part (e.g.,
member, chord, or steel) of the superstructure spanning the navigation channel
and the recognized datum (e.g., MHW, 2% flow line, etc.) at the bridge site. Cite
clearances above the appropriate high water elevation and low water elevation. In
4

the case of movable bridges, cite clearances in the open and closed positions. In
some situations, vertical clearances should be cited at the margins of channel, and
for a bascule bridge clearances at the tip of the leaves, if not fully open.
2) Horizontal clearance: This is the horizontal distance, measured normal to the axis
of the channel, through which the stated vertical clearance is available. Clearance
may be between piers (full width of the span), between the bridge protective
system, or bank-to-bank in the case of a bridge having no piers in the waterway.
3) Length of bridge project: This is the horizontal distance from abutment-toabutment or approach-to-approach.
4) Width of project: This is the width of the bridge at its widest point (out-to-out).
5) Depth of the waterway: At the appropriate elevation (e.g., NGVD 1929, NAVD
1988, etc.).
6) Width of waterway: At project site at MHW if tidal or OHW if non-tidal.
g. We recommend you discuss waterway characteristics, waterway usage, and
prospective long term navigational impacts of the proposed project, and include:
1) The name and contact information for marine facilities within a 3-mile radius of
the project [public boat ramps, marinas (or major docking facilities), boat repair
facilities, etc.];
2) The approximate width of the waterway at the proposed bridge location (bank to
bank, shoreline to shoreline, etc.);
3) The depths of the waterway at the proposed bridge location in and around the
navigation channel;
4) A description of vessels on the waterway that are engaged in emergency
operations, national defense activities, or channel maintenance, and any potential
impacts to their operation;
5) Information regarding whether the Corps of Engineers has completed or plans to
complete a federal navigation project on this waterway;
6) A description of the present and prospective recreational navigation on the
waterway, indicating whether the proposed project will have an impact on the
safe, efficient movement of any segment of the present or prospective recreational
fleet operating on the waterway;
7) A description of the present and prospective commercial navigation and the
cargoes moved on the waterway, indicating whether the proposed project will
have an impact on the safe, efficient movement of any segment of the present or
prospective commercial fleet operating on the waterway;
5

8) Whether the proposed bridge will block access of any vessel presently using local
service facilities;
9) Whether alternate routes bypassing the proposed bridge are available for use by
vessels unable to pass the proposed bridge;
10) A description of any local harbor, indicating whether the bridge will prohibit the
entry of any vessels to the local harbor refuge;
11) Whether the proposed bridge will be located within one-half mile of a bend in the
waterway;
12) Whether there are factors located within one-half mile of the proposed bridge
which would create hazardous passage through the proposed structure and a
description of each factor;
13) Whether local hydraulic conditions increase the hazard of passage through the
proposed bridge and a description of these conditions;
14) Whether atmospheric conditions increase the hazard of passage through the
proposed bridge and a description of these conditions;
15) A description of guide clearances established for the waterway, if applicable. If
not, indicate whether clearance gauges are needed and why;
16) A description of any other factors considered necessary for the safe, efficient
passage of vessels through the proposed bridge; and
17) A description of the impacts to navigation caused or which could be reasonably
caused by the proposed bridge including but not limited to: proposed construction
methodology, proposed or prospective changes to the existing bridge operating
schedule (for movable bridges), and any proposed mitigation to all unavoidable
impacts to navigation.
a) Conduct a navigational evaluation, and include a review of all bridges
upstream and downstream of the proposed site to determine the minimum
vertical and horizontal clearances available on the waterway.
b) If the proposed bridge is fixed, and is replacing an existing drawbridge with
unlimited vertical clearance, you must determine whether the proposed bridge
will accommodate existing and perspective navigation.
h. Existing bridge(s) if applicable:
1) Name(s) of bridge: e.g., US 40 Highway Bridge; or Coleman Memorial Bridge; or
State Route 7 Bridge also known as Preston Falls Bridge;
2) Type of bridge: e.g., fixed or moveable (drawbridge, bascule, vertical lift, swing
span); highway, railway, pedestrian, pipeline;
6

3) Mile point, latitude and longitude at centerline of bridge, and navigational
clearances, in linear measurement; and
4) Owner of the bridge.
i. Discuss construction methodology and removal of existing bridge(s), as applicable:
1) Discuss proposed construction methodology and restrictions;
2) Discuss maintenance of land and waterborne traffic during construction activities;
3) Discuss extent of removal of existing bridge, time needed for removal, etc.; and
4) Discuss demolition methodology.
NOTE: Because the safety of navigation is of paramount importance, the Coast
Guard shall make the final decision concerning the extent of bridge removal.
j. Other Agencies with jurisdiction over the proposed project:
1) Agency; and
2) Permits or type of approvals required for the project.
k. Summary of environmental analysis.
1) Identify lead federal agency for NEPA. (For an EIS include date filed with EPA
and a copy of the Record of Decision); and
2) Indicate whether the proposed bridge will have a significant effect on the human
environment and briefly identify impacts.
l. Signature Block (applicant/consultant/agent).
3. Include the following attachments (if applicable) with the application package:
a. Original and one copy of map of the location/vicinity and plan sheets on standard 8 ½
x 11” paper (See Plan Sheet Checklist);
b. Environmental Evaluation or Re-Evaluation (contact the local Coast Guard District
Office for re-evaluation requirements). (See Section 2.C.);
c. Navigation Survey to support vertical and horizontal navigation clearance
requirements;
d. Vessel Impact Assessment, if required by the District Commander;
e. Lead federal agency’s Final CE determination, EA, EIS, FONSI, or ROD as
appropriate (If EIS, provide EPA filing dates for DEIS & FEIS). When the Coast
7

Guard is the lead federal agency, the Coast Guard must concur with the selection of
the consultant used for the development of the environmental document;
f. Authorization for applicant to make application to modify or remove another’s
bridge;
g. Consultant/ Agent authorization letter;
h. Proof of ownership of existing bridge;
i. Proof of right to build (ownership of land);
j. Extracts of motions from meetings authorizing construction of the proposed bridge;
k. Water quality certification under 33 U.S.C. 1251 (and proof of application requesting
it), to include time extensions, waivers, or a statement from the certifying agency that
the WQC is either still valid or that WQC is not needed. (See Section 2.C.1.b.);
l. CZM consistency statement, to include time extensions. (See Section 2.C.1.c.);
m. State agency concurrence in CZM consistency certification, to include time
extensions, or a statement from the certifying agency that the state concurrence is still
valid;
n. List of property owners – at a minimum adjacent property owners, formatted in
Microsoft Excel, or comparable spreadsheet software. Please contact the local bridge
office for additional guidance; and
o. Provide a summary of preliminary conferences and early coordination or scoping
efforts with applicant and/or interested parties. Include information about public
meetings.
4. Applications for Extensions of Time.
a. Per 33 CFR 114.45, applicants must submit to the appropriate Coast Guard District
Commander, time extension requests to commence or complete bridge construction,
or to remove a bridge being replaced as part of a permitted bridge project. Submit the
following information when requesting an extension of time:
1) Description of construction;
2) Status of the construction work;
3) An explanation of why the project will not be commenced/completed on time, i.e.
why an extension is needed;
4) Percentage of project completed to date;
5) Projected completion date and how long the applicant wishes for the permit
extension;
8

6) Water Quality Certification and application for Certification;
7) Coastal Zone Management (CZM) consistency certification;
8) State concurrence with CZM consistency certification; and
9) Environmental documentation: Any categorical exclusions, environmental
assessments, environmental impact statements, supplemental studies, findings of
no significant impact, records of decision or reevaluations required by the lead
agency.
B. PLAN SHEETS - Plans submitted with the bridge permit application become an
official, and permanent, part of the issued permit or permit. To minimize delays,
provide the following information:
1. Plan Sheet Checklist - Use the following checklist for specifics to include with bridge
plans:
a. General
____

Provide all plans on standard 8 ½ X 11” paper. Include the original plus one copy
of the plans (of good reproducible quality), on the fewest sheets possible that still
show significant project structural details.
NOTE: Do not show bridge navigational lighting plans on bridge plan and
elevation views. Use a separate sheet for the bridge lighting plan.

____

Show all dimensions and distances in U. S. linear feet. For international bridges
also show all dimensions in metric equivalent.

____ Include the datum used in the plan and elevation view. Use the same datum for
all submitted drawings (e.g. NAVD, NGVD).
____

All plan sheets shall bear the stamp of a professional engineer certifying the
design meets American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Officials (AASHTO) and/or American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-ofWay Association (AREMA) standards, including private bridges. If the bridge has
been designed to withstand vessel impact, a certified statement to that effect,
along with the design vessel chosen, shall be included on the plan sheets by a
professional engineer.

b. Title Blocks – Include the following items in the title blocks (lower right-hand corner
on all of the plan sheets):
____ Applicant/Owner;
____ Consultant/Agent;
____

Name of Bridge;
9

____

Name of Waterway;

____

Mile point of bridge location (from confluence of mouth of waterway) in statue
miles;

____ City, County, and State (state at, near, or between – as appropriate);
____ Date of plans (i.e. mm/dd/yyyy); and
____

Sheet number of total number of sheets in set (i.e. Sheet 1 of 5).

c. Location/Vicinity Map
____ Show graphic scale and north arrow;
____

Show location of bridge on waterway;

____ Identify the name of the waterway;
____ Show course of waterway (i.e. ebb/flood);
____ Show structures immediately adjacent to the proposed bridge and their relation to
the proposed bridge;
____

Identify wildlife and waterfowl refuges and any historical and archaeological
sites; and

____

Insert a small map of the state in which the project is located with an arrow
showing the location of the proposed project.

d. Plan View
____

Show graphic bar scale and north arrow;

____

Identify the adjacent property owners at the four corners of the proposed
structure(s);

____ Show existing shorelines;
____

Show ebb and flood in tidal waters and direction of flow in non-tidal waterway;

____

Show mean high and low waterlines in tidal areas. Show ordinary high water and
ordinary low water elevations if proposed activity is in a non-tidal waterway;

____

Show all portions of existing bridge(s) that will remain in place;

____

Show principal dimensions of structure(s) from grade to grade. Show length,
width, etc.;

10

____

Show location of dredging, excavation, fill or rip-rap. Give approximate number
of cubic yards;

____

Show location of the bridge protective system, piles, cables, etc. existing or to be
constructed in the waterway. Identify type of material to be utilized;

____

Show limits of navigational channel;

____

Show axis of channel;

____

Show horizontal clearances, normal to the axis of the channel between the bridge
protective system, pilings, or abutments;

____

Show water depth at mean low (or ordinary low if non-tidal) at various locations
in the channel, under, upstream and downstream of the bridge; and

____

Show outline of the bridge protective system.

e. Elevation View
____

Show graphic bar scale and north arrow;

____

Show mean high and mean low water elevations in tidal areas. Show ordinary
high and low water elevations in non-tidal areas;

____

Show amount of fill in cubic yards below mean high water;

____

Show horizontal clearance normal to the axis of the channel between the bridge
protective system, pilings, or abutments, as appropriate for navigational channel;

____

Show vertical clearances referenced to the appropriate high water stage either
Mean High Water (MHW) or Ordinary High Water (OHW). Show vertical
clearances at the center, as well as at the horizontal limits of the navigational
channel (the most restrictive vertical clearance in the navigational channel);

____

If the bridge will have a draw, show the draw in the open and closed positions;

____ Show proposed and existing contour of waterway bottom; and
____ Show 100-year flood elevation.
f. Typical Section View
____

Show graphic bar scale;

____

Show out-to-out width of the structure(s). (This is the width of the bridge at its
widest point.); and

____ Include location and dimensions of travel lanes, shoulders, sidewalks,
fishing/pedestrian platforms, railings, pipelines, etc.
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PLEASE SUBMIT THE FOLLOWING PERMIT PLAN SHEETS SEPARATELY IF
APPLICABLE:
g. Details of the Bridge Protective System
____ Show bridge protective system in plan and elevation views including detail of
attachment to pier, countersunk bolts, and relationship to mean high and low
waterlines (on elevation view).
h. Temporary Structures/Falsework
____

Show temporary structures/falsework;

____ Show existing bridge(s) to be removed; and
____

Show minimum horizontal and vertical clearances during construction.

i. Bridge Lighting Plan
____

Submit lighting plan application in accordance with 33 CFR 118 and bridge
lighting guide (see USCG Bridge Program website). This is a separate application
from the bridge permit application.

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2. SAMPLE PLANS SUBMITTED FOR APPROVAL
Example 2.1
Location and Vicinity Maps

13

Example 2.2
Combined Vicinity and Location Map

14

Example 2.3
Combined Plan and Elevation Views

15

Example 2.4
Combined Plan and Elevation Views

16

Example 2.5
Combined Plan and Elevation Views

17

Example 2.6
Plan View

18

Example 2.7
Elevation View

19

Example 2.8
Typical Cross Section

20

Example 2.9
Bridge Protective System

21

Example 2.10
Bridge Protective System

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C. ENVIRONMENTAL DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS
1. Per the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321) as
amended, and its implementing regulations (40 CFR 1500-1508), the following
information is required for all application packages:
a. Alternatives: NEPA requires all federal agencies to use a systematic,
interdisciplinary, scientific approach when analyzing project impacts under their
respective jurisdictions.
1) These studies must assess: primary and causally related impacts due to the
construction of the proposed bridge project, irreversible or irretrievable
commitments of resources, comments of federal, state and local government
agencies having jurisdiction by law or expertise, and comments of other interested
parties or groups. The potential impacts on navigation are considered to be a
significant part of the environmental impacts and shall be included in the NEPA
review process. When the Coast Guard is the lead federal agency in a project
involving a bridge, the NEPA jurisdiction extends to the logical termini on both
sides of the bridge or the bridge and road sections having independent utility.
2) Per 40 CFR 1502.14, the following information is required to document
alternatives:
a) Identification of the alternatives for the proposed project (Alternatives
provided should be more than just build and no build. Alternatives should
include various bridge types considered.);
b) Location;
c) Design;
d) Probable impacts of each alternative on the quality of the human environment;
e) Commitments of resources; and
f) Comments of federal, state and local government agencies, and other
interested parties or groups. (For further information, contact the local Coast
Guard District.)
b. Clean Water Act Coordination: Section 401 of the Clean Water Act of 1977 (33
U.S.C. 1251), as amended, prohibits federal permitting or licensing agencies from
issuing authorizations for construction activities having discharges into navigable
waters, until the appropriate water quality certifying agency has issued a water quality
certification or waiver procedures have been satisfied.
1) Water Quality Certification: If applicable to the proposed project;

23

a) State certifying agency name and point of contact with phone and email
address. (e.g., State DEP, Water Management District, State Department of
Natural Resources, etc.);
b) Obtain a Water Quality Certification (WQC), waiver or statement that the
WQC is not required from the appropriate federal, interstate, or state agency
and include in the permit application package, along with a copy of the WQC
application, if applicable;
c) If the WQC has not yet been obtained, but has been applied for, include the
proof of application in the permit application package;
d) If WQC was waived, provide authority of the waiver; and
e) Specify if the WQC is granted under a Programmatic Agreement (e.g., US
Army Corps of Engineers Nationwide Permit (NWP) and the NWP number,
etc.).
2) NPDES Permit: List coordination, date(s), enclosures, and EPA comments, if
applicable.
3) Safe Drinking Water Act: List coordination, date(s), enclosure(s), and EPA
comments, if applicable.
c. Coastal Zone Management Plan: The Coastal Zone Management (CZM) Act of
1972 (16 U.S.C. 1451), as amended, and its implementing regulations (15 CFR 930),
requires all projects located within the designated coastal zone of a state to be
consistent with the state's federally approved CZM plan.
1) Section 307 of that act instructs federal agencies not to take action until they have
received written certification from the applicant and the state CZM agency,
signifying that the proposed project is consistent with the state's coastal zone
management plan.
2) If the State or territory has a federally approved CZM plan, and the project is
located in the coastal zone, the following information is required:
a) Written certification and date that the proposed project is consistent with the
approved state CZM Plan; and
b) The State CZM Program office concurrence in writing with the certification.
(For further information, contact the State Coastal Zone Management Office.)
3) Per the Coastal Barrier Resources Act of 1982: 16 U.S.C. 3501, verify that the
proposed project complies with the listed act’s guidance (if applicable).
4) List Executive Order 13089 – Coral Reef Protection coordination, and US Coral
Reef Task Force, if applicable.
24

d. Floodplain: The base floodplain is the area that would be inundated by a base flood
or 100-year flood. The base flood is defined as that flood having a one-percent
chance of being exceeded in any given year. Executive Order 11988, Floodplain
Management and Protection, requires federal agencies to avoid authorizing projects in
the base floodplain unless there is no practical alternative. By their very nature, most
bridges are located within the base floodplain. Therefore, the Coast Guard must
ensure that the project design includes all measures practicable to minimize
floodplain impacts and to protect the natural and beneficial values of the floodplain.
1) State whether the proposed project is located in a base floodplain. If the proposed
project is located in a base floodplain, be sure that the application package
includes the following information:
a) Describe extent of encroachment in base floodplain to include amount fill;
b) The degree that the action supports development in the floodplain;
c) Any risk to human safety (For further information, contact the regional office
of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). State the FEMA
Flood Insurance Rate Map Community Panel Number and panel dates, if
applicable;
d) Cite the 100-year flood elevation and proposed bridge low member (chord, or
steel) elevation, within the 100-year floodplain; and
e) Describe the effect of the proposed bridge on drift and flood height.
e. Historic/Cultural Resources: All bridge actions require compliance with:
1) The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, Section 106 (16 U.S.C. 470);
2) Protection and Enhancement of the Cultural Environment (E.O. 11593);
3) Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act;
4) Antiquities Act of 1906;
5) Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979; and
6) American Indian Religious Freedom Act of 1978.
For further information, contact National Park Service, State Historic Preservation
Officer (SHPO), local parks or recreation officials, or local historic preservation
organizations. If the proposed project impacts any resources covered under any of the
above mentioned Acts or Executive Orders:

25

1) Briefly describe these properties and discuss the impacts of the proposed project;
2) Briefly describe mitigation efforts to reduce these impacts;
3) Provide a copy of Cultural Resource Assessment Survey, if applicable;
4) If applicable, provide other unique information regarding Section 106 process,
such as any correspondences with applicable historic preservation and cultural
resources agencies for compliance with the National Historic Preservation Act,
Executive Order 11593 – Protection and Enhancement of the Cultural
Environment, Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act,
Antiquities Act of 1906, Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979, and
American Indian Religious Freedom Act of 1978. Include all correspondence, if
applicable; and
5) Include all coordination from Advisory Council on Historic Preservation,
National Park Service, SHPO, and other unique and substantive information, if
applicable.
f. Wetlands: Wetlands are defined as lands either permanently or intermittently
covered or saturated with water. Executive Order 11990, Protection of Wetlands,
states that no federally approved project shall occur in wetlands unless there is no
practical alternative to constructing in the wetlands. As a result, the Coast Guard
must analyze alternative locations which avoid taking wetlands. If no alternative
locations or designs are practicable, then the Coast Guard must ensure that the project
design includes all practicable measures to minimize wetland impacts. If the proposed
project is located in or adjacent (within 500 feet) to a wetland, the following
information is required:
1) Type and acreage of wetlands taken;
2) A brief description of efforts to mitigate impacts and estimated
monetary/functional value, if known or can be reasonably estimated;
3) Date the Wetlands Finding was approved and include a copy of the Wetlands
Finding, as applicable; and
4) The amount of acreage saved or increase in wetlands resulting from mitigation
efforts.
g. Fish and Wildlife
1) Threatened and Endangered Species: The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16
U.S.C. 1531), as amended, prohibits any activity threatening the continued
existence of a federally designated endangered or threatened species. If
threatened or endangered species are potentially present in the proposed project
area, then the applicant must:

26

a) Contact the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), National Marine
Fisheries Service (NMFS) and the State Fish and Game Commission
representatives for assistance in determining whether the project is located in
the range or habitat of endangered or threatened species;
b) If the project is within the range of such species, list species and discuss
impacts or lack thereof;
c) Briefly discuss mitigation efforts to reduce the impact;
d) Provide the date and a copy of any biological assessment prepared or
approved, if applicable; and
e) List any correspondence and dates of consultations with Federal, state or local
agencies to determine compliance with Endangered Species Act of 1973, Fish
& Wildlife Coordination Act (FWCA), Marine Mammal Protection Act of
1972, Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918, Executive Order 13186 –
Responsibility of Federal Agencies to Protect Migratory Birds, Bald and
Golden Eagle Protection Act, National Marine Sanctuaries Act, Executive
Order 13112 - Invasive Species, and other unique and substantive information,
if applicable.
2) Essential Fish Habitat: The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and
Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1855), as amended, requires federal agencies which
fund, permit, or carry out activities that may adversely impact Essential Fish
Habitats (EFH) to consult with the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS)
regarding potential adverse effects of actions on EFH.
If the applicant knows at the time of application for a bridge permit that the
proposed project will impact EFH, the applicant should submit an EFH
assessment technical memo.
h. Noise Levels: All authorized bridge construction work must comply with the
provisions of the Noise Control Act of 1972 (42 U.S.C. 4331), as amended. Under
the Noise Control Act, the adverse impacts on existing activities or land uses that may
result from the bridge, its related highway sections, or its construction must be
considered.
1) Include the following information in the application packet concerning noise
levels:
a) The anticipated operational noise levels for the proposed project and
mitigation;
b) The anticipated temporary construction noise/vibration levels for the proposed
project and mitigation;
c) A description of all possible measures to minimize the noise impact if there is
no alternative to avoid the adverse effects;
27

d) State standards that were used as guides for noise levels for particular activity
categories, for example the FHWA’s Federal-Aid Highway Program Manual
and any state or local ordinances that may be used (For further information,
contact the local highway department); and
e) State whether the proposed project is in compliance with the Noise Control
Act of 1972 and include EPA comments if applicable.
i. Clean Air: All bridge actions must comply with the provisions of the Clean Air Act
(CAA) [42 U.S.C. 7506(c)], as amended. Section 176(c) of the CAA, as amended (42
U.S.C. 7401), prevents the Coast Guard from approving any project or from issuing
any permit for actions not conforming to the provisions of an approved Federal
Implementation Plan (FIP) or to a State Implementation Plan (SIP). The Coast Guard
must ensure that projects under its jurisdiction meet the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS) before issuing a bridge permit.
1) NAAQS were established pursuant to Section 109 of the CAA and include
standards for the following criteria pollutants:
a) Carbon monoxide (CO);
b) Lead (Pb);
c) Nitrogen Oxide (NOx);
d) Ozone (O3);
e) Particulate matter (PM10); and
f) Sulfur dioxide (SO2).
2) The General or Transportation Conformity Rule applies to all proposed bridge
projects in an area designated non-attainment or maintenance for any of the six
criteria pollutants under the NAAQS.
a) When the General Conformity Rule (40 CFR 93.150) applies to bridge
projects requiring a Coast Guard bridge permit, a conformity determination is
required for each of the criteria pollutants identified in 40 CFR 93.153, unless
the pollutant levels are deemed de minimus for the proposed project during
construction and operational scenarios or are exempt under sections such as
40 CFR 93.126.
b) Transportation plans, programs and projects funded or approved under Title
23, United States Code, or the Federal Transit Act require air quality
conformity analyses and determinations pursuant to 40 CFR Part 51 and 93,
Subpart T (51.390, 93.100), the Transportation Conformity Rule. This
determination is normally completed by the FHWA or the FTA, as
appropriate, for Title 23 Projects. This rule also applies to projects that are
28

regionally significant, per 40 CFR 93.121. EPA and/or the local air agency
make the determination of regional significance.
c) Both Conformity Rules apply when private funds are used for the project and
the project is considered regionally significant.
3) If the proposed bridge project is in an attainment area, the Conformity Rules do
not apply. Actions do not require FIP or SIP conformity when neither the General
nor Transportation Conformity Rules apply.
4) Certain projects may generate low levels of direct or indirect emissions of the
criteria pollutants. They are likely to be below minimum allowable levels and
may be exempt from the General Conformity Rule air quality assessment.
5) The Conformity Rules pertain to criteria pollutants only. NEPA documents
should contain information on these criteria pollutants, attainment/non attainment
status, conformity determinations, as well as, hazardous air pollutants, greenhouse
gases and odor compounds.
6) During the bridge permitting process, early coordination and consultation with the
state and local air quality agencies is important to determine whether the project is
consistent with an approved FIP or SIP governing the ambient air quality at the
proposed bridge project location.
j. Wild and Scenic Rivers: Section 7 of the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act of 1968 (16
U.S.C. 1271), as amended, prohibits the issuance of any federal permit for
construction of projects having adverse impacts on a river, or a proposed river, with
values qualifying it for protection under this act.
1) To determine whether there are any designated or proposed wild, scenic, or
recreational rivers located in or within ½ mile radius of the proposed project, the
applicant should visit the U. S. National Park Service (NPS) website or contact a
NPS representative with jurisdiction over the geographic area of the proposed
bridge for assistance in identifying wild and scenic rivers in the project area. If
the proposed project will affect a wild and scenic river:
a) List date that waterway was designated as a wild, scenic, and/or recreational
river and include the proposed project’s impacts;
b) List impacts and mitigation, and cite corresponding materials and dates,
provide NPS comment, and provide other unique and substantive information,
if applicable;
c) If the river is recreational, list compliance with Section 6(f) - Land and Water
Conservation Fund Act of 1965, provide NPS comment, and provide other
unique and substantive information, if applicable; and

29

d) List compliance with Executive Order 13061 - American Heritage Rivers,
provide CEQ comment, and provide other unique and substantive information,
if applicable.
k. Residential or Business Displacement: All bridge actions must comply with the
Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970
(42 U.S.C. 4601 and 4604). The Act applies to projects that involve federal action.
1) When applicable, the following information is required for displaced residences
or businesses:
a) List businesses and residences affected by project; and
b) List impacts and mitigation.
2) Bridge actions must also comply with the Executive Order 12898, Federal
Actions to address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and LowIncome Populations. (For further information, contact the local Coast Guard
District.)
l. Prime and Unique Farmland: The Council on Environmental Quality directed
federal agencies authorizing construction projects to evaluate impacts on prime and
unique farmlands. Agencies should ensure that such farmlands are not irreversibly
converted to uses which eliminate their productivity, scenic or wildlife habitat values,
or benefit as open space.
1) If prime and unique farmlands are within the proposed project area, then the
applicant must:
a) Contact the U. S. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)
representative with jurisdiction over the geographic area of the proposed
project for information regarding prime and unique farmlands under the
Farmlands Protection Policy Act of 1981 (7 U.S.C. 4201);
b) State the number of acres of designated prime or unique farmlands being
taken by the proposed project; and
c) Contact the Coast Guard District with jurisdiction over the geographic area of
the proposed project for further guidance if the project will affect prime and
unique farmlands.
m. Other Environmental Controls/Laws: list impacts and mitigation in reference to
Federal, state, and other environmental controls/laws unique to this case and cite
corresponding enclosure(s). Include in this list:
1) Environmental Health and Safety Risks to Children: List compliance with
Executive Order 10345 – Environmental Health and Safety Risks to Children, and
cite corresponding enclosure(s) and EPA comment, if applicable;
30

2) Occupation Safety and Health Act of 1970: List compliance with Occupation
Safety and Health Act of 1970, and cite corresponding enclosure(s) and OSHA
comment, if applicable;
3) Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act: List compliance with
the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, and cite
corresponding enclosure(s) and EPA comment, if applicable;
4) Federal Compliance with Right-To-Know Laws & Pollution Prevention
Requirements: List compliance with Executive Order 12856 – Federal
Compliance with Right-To-Know Laws & Pollution Prevention Requirements,
and cite corresponding enclosure(s) and EPA comment, if applicable;
5) Pollution Prevention Act of 1990: List compliance with the Pollution Prevention
Act of 1990, and cite corresponding enclosure(s) and EPA comment, if
applicable;
6) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act: List compliance with Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act, and cite corresponding enclosure(s) and EPA
comment, if applicable;
7) Federal Compliance with Pollution Control Standards: List compliance Executive
Order 12088 – Federal Compliance with Pollution Control Standards, and cite
corresponding enclosure(s) and EPA comment, if applicable;
8) Environmental Effects Abroad of Major Federal Actions: List impacts and
mitigation for Executive Order 12144 – Environmental Effects Abroad of Major
Federal Actions, and cite corresponding enclosure(s) and EPA comment, if
applicable; and/or
9) Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act: List
compliance with Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and
Liability Act, and cite corresponding enclosure(s) and EPA comment, if
applicable.
n. Cumulative and Indirect Impacts: Briefly discuss potential cumulative or indirect
impacts, if any. List impacts and mitigation, cite corresponding materials and dates,
and provide other unique and substantive information.
NOTE: For More Information – As stated throughout this guide, your local Coast
Guard Bridge Office is available to provide information regarding any questions in
the bridge permit application process.

31

2. ENVIRONMENTAL CHECKLIST - The following checklist is provided as a quick
reference to ensure the Environmental Section of the permit application package is
complete:
Environmental documentation, including the following items, if applicable:
Alternatives
Clean Water Act Coordination
Water Quality Certification
CZM Plan
Floodplain
Historic/Cultural Resources
Wetlands
Fish and Wildlife
Threatened and Endangered Species
Essential Fish Habitat
Migratory Bird Act
Marine Mammal Protection Act
Noise Levels
Clean Air
Wild and Scenic Rivers
Residential or Business Displacement
Environmental Justice
Prime and Unique Farmland
Other environmental controls/laws
Cumulative and Indirect Impacts
Navigation

32

TABLE 2.1 - Environmental Control Laws, Executive Orders, and Regulations Requiring
Compliance, as applicable, with Bridge Program Actions
UNITED STATES CODE REFERENCES

IMPLEMENTING REGULATIONS

BRIDGE LAWS:
33 U.S.C. 401; 491 – 508; 511 TO 535(I)

33 CFR PARTS 114 – 118

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
ACT OF 1969
42 U.S.C. 4321

40 CFR 1500 – 1508

CLEAN WATER ACT OF 1977
33 U.S.C. 1251, 1352 AND 1330)

40 CFR PART 121 Water Quality
Certification

SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT
42 U.S.C. 300(f)

40 CFR PARTS 401-503 and 136

COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT ACT
OF 1972
16 U.S.C. 1451; and 3501 - 3503

E.O. 11990, Protection of Wetlands

15 CFR PART 930
E.O. 11988, Floodplain Management and
Protection

COASTAL BARRIER RESOURCES ACT
OF 1982
16 USC 3501

DOT Order 5620.2 Floodplain Management
E.O. 13089, Coral Reef Protection

NATIONAL HISTORIC PRESERVATION
ACT OF 1966, SECTION 106
16 U.S.C. 470

36 CFR PARTS 60, 63, and 800

NATIVE AMERICAN GRAVES
PROTECTION AND REPATRIATION ACT
25 U.S.C. 3001

43 CFR 10

ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES
PROTECTION ACT OF 1979
16 U.S.C. 470aa. – 470ll.

E.O. 11593, Protection and Enhancement of
the Cultural Environment

AMERICAN INDIAN RELIGIOUS
FREEDOM ACT OF 1978
FISH AND WILDLIFE COORDINATION
ACT
16 U.S.C. 661 - 666

50 CFR PART 17

ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT OF 1973
16 U.S.C. 1531

50 CFR PART 402

MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT
OF 1972

50 CFR PART 216

33

Environmental Control Laws, Executive Orders, and Regulations Requiring Compliance,
as applicable, with Bridge Program Actions
NATIONAL MARINE SANCTURIES ACT
16 U.S.C. 1431

15 CFR PART 922

MAGNUSON – STEVENS FISHERY
CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT
ACT (Essential Fish Habitat)
16 U.S.C. 1855

50 CFR PARTS 600.805 - .930

MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT OF 1918
16 U.S.C. 703 – 712

50 CFR PART 10 and 21

BALD AND GOLDEN EAGLE
PROTECTION ACT

E.O. 13186, Responsibilities of Federal
Agencies to Protect Migratory Birds

NOISE CONTROL ACT OF 1972
42 U.S.C. 4331, 4332, and 4901

23 CFR PART 772

CLEAN AIR ACT
42 U.S.C. 7401, 7410 and 7506(C)

40 CFR PARTS 6, 51 and 93

WILD AND SCENIC RIVERS ACT OF1968
16 U.S.C. 1271 – 1287

36 CFR PART 297

UNIFORM RELOCATION ASSISSTANCE
& REAL PROPERTY ACQUISITION
POLICIES ACT OF 1970
42 U.S.C. 4601 and 4604

23 CFR PART 740 and 49 CFR PART 24

PRIME AND UNIQUE FARMLANDS
(Farmlands Protection Policy Act of 1981)
7 U.S.C. 4201

7 CFR PART 658

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
ACT OF 1970

29 CFR PART 1910

E.O. 13112, Invasive Species

E.O. 12898 Environmental Justice

DOT Order 5610.1C, Procedures for
Considering Environmental Impacts

29 U.S.C. 651
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND
SAFETY RISKS TO CHILDREN

E.O. 10345, Environmental Health and
Risks to Children

EMERGENCY PLANNING AND
COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW ACT OF
1986

40 CFR PARTS 350-372

14 U.S.C. 116
FEDERAL COMPLIANCE WITH RIGHTTO-KNOW LAWS AND POLLUTION
PREVENTION REQUIREMENTS

E.O. 12856, Federal Compliance with
Right-to-Know Laws & Pollution
Prevention Requirements

POLLUTION PREVENTION ACT OF 1990
42 U.S.C. 13101

40 CFR PARTS 112 & 300

34

Environmental Control Laws, Executive Orders, and Regulations Requiring Compliance,
as applicable, with Bridge Program Actions
RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND
RECOVERY ACT
42 U.S.C. 9601

40 CFR PARTS 239-282

FEDERAL COMPLIANCE WITH
POLLUTION CONTROL STANDARDS

E.O. 12088, Federal Compliance with
Pollution Control Standards

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ABROAD OF E.O. 12144, Environmental Effects Abroad
of Major Federal Actions
MAJOR FEDERAL ACTIONS
40 CFR PARTS 300 – 374

COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL
RESPONSE, COMPENSATION AND
LIABILITY ACT OF 1980
42 U.S.C. 103

35