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pdfMemorandum
Date:
February 10, 2016
To:
Stephanie Tatham, OMB Desk Officer
Through:
Ruth Brown, United States Department of Agriculture, Office of the Chief
Information Officer
From:
Lynnette Thomas
Food and Nutrition Service, Branch Chief, Planning & Regulatory Affairs
Under Approved Generic OMB Clearance No. 0584‐0524 Request for Approval
to Perform Formative Research to develop Educational Digital Nutrition
Education Materials for Middle School Students and Teachers
Re:
The Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is
requesting approval for formative research under Approved Generic OMB Clearance No. 0584‐
0524.
This request is to acquire clearance to conduct formative research with students in grades 6‐8
and their teachers to obtain feedback about draft concepts and prototypes that will be
developed into nutritional lessons for middle school students. This research will identify
student’s and teacher’s perceptions, experiences, and expectations in order to inform the
development of lessons and activities. The following information is provided for your review:
1. Title of the Project:
2. Control Number: 0584‐0524, Expires 06/30/2016
3. Public Affected by this Project:
Individuals/Households
Students in grades 6‐8 attending schools that participate in NSLP
Parents/Caregivers of students in grades 6‐8 attending schools that participate in NSLP
State and Local/Tribal Employees
Grade 6‐8 teachers employed at schools that participate in NSLP
Middle school principals employed at schools that participate in NSLP
See section 7, Project Purpose, Methodology & Formative Research Design, for a description
of the number of participants for each audience (6th, 7th, and 8th grade students, their
parents, and their teachers) by research methodology (focus group interviews).
4. Number of Respondents:
Table 4.1 – Consent Forms*
Audience
Grade 6‐8 Students
Parents of Grade 6‐8 Students
Grade 6‐8 Teachers
Total
# of Participants
960
960
160
2,080
*Includes non‐responders and those choosing not to
participate.
Table 4.2 – School Approval*
Audience
School Principals
Total
# Of participants
8
8
*Includes non‐responders and those choosing not to
participate.
Table 4.3 – Research Activities by Audience
Target Audience
Grade 6‐8 Students
Grade 6‐8 Teachers
Research Activity
# of
Participants
Focus Group Interview*
Focus Group Interview**
72
48
Distributing Flyers and
Consents
Schedule Confirmation
Email
4
96
*Student groups will recruit 8 to seat 6
**Teacher groups will recruit 8 to seat 4
5. Time Needed Per Response:
Table 5.1 ‐ Time Needed per Initial Recruitment & Consent Form*
Target Audience
Grade 6‐8 Students
Parents of Grade 6‐8 Students
Grade 6‐8 Teachers
School Principals (Letter of Agreement)
Time (minutes)
Time (hours)
10
10
15
15
0.17
0.17
0.25
0.25
*The time is an average response per respondent.
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Table 5.2 ‐ Time Needed for Research Activities by Audience
Time
Research Activity
(minutes)
Target Audience
Grade 6‐8 Students
Grade 6‐8 Teachers
Time
(hours)
Focus Group Interview
45
0.75
Focus Group Interview
45
0.75
30
0.50
5
0.08
Distributing Flyers and
Consents
Email confirmation and
follow up
6. Total Burden Hours on Public:
(a)
Affected Public
State,
Local/Tribal
Employees
(e)
(f)
(g)
Hours per
Response
Total
Burden
Hours (e
x f)
ID
No.
Respondents
Frequency
of
Response
A, K
Consent Forms
160
1
160
0.25
40
4
1
4
0.5
2
48
1
48
0.75
36
96
1
96
0.08
7.68
8
1
8
0.25
2
168
1.881
316
0.277
87.68
D, F, H,
M, N, O
J
Distribution of
Flyers and
Consents
Focus Group
Interview
Email
confirmation and
follow up
Complete
Principal Letter
Subtotal
Parent/
Caregivers
(d)
Screeners,
Surveys
L
Principals
(c)
Est. Total
Annual
Responses
per
Respondent
(c x d)
I
Grade 6-8
Teachers
(b)
B
Response &
Consent Forms
960
1
960
0.17
163.2
B
Response &
Consent Forms
960
1
960
0.17
163.2
C, E, G,
M, N, O
Focus Group
Interview
72
1
72
0.75
54
Subtotal
1920
1.038
1992
0.191
380.4
Total
2088
1.105
2308
0.203
468.08
Individuals
&
Households
Grade 6-8
Students
Total burden hours on public: 468.08 hours.
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7. Project Purpose, Methodology, and Formative Research Design:
Background
The USDA Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) administers the nutrition assistance programs for
the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The mission of FNS is to provide students
and low resource families better access to food and a more healthful diet through its nutrition
assistance programs. Among these programs are the Child Nutrition Programs, including the
National School Lunch Program (NSLP), School Breakfast Program (SBP), Summer Food Service
Program (SFSP), and the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP). The Child Nutrition
Programs provide nutritionally balanced, low‐cost, or free meals and snacks.
As authorized under Section 6(a)(3) of the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act, 42 USC
1755(a)(3), FNS provides training and technical assistance for school foodservice, nutrition
education for children and their caregivers, and encourages school and community support for
healthy eating and physical activity. These activities are implemented under the Agency’s Team
Nutrition initiative that is designed to improve children’s lifelong eating and physical activity
habits by using the principles of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
Under this initiative, FNS is currently developing nutrition education lessons and materials that
promote healthy lifestyle habits among middle students, including physical activity and healthy
eating (e.g. eating breakfast, reducing sodium), while meeting education standards for
academic course content in grades 6‐8. This nutrition education will build skills and motivation
for students to make healthier food and physical activity choices as part of a healthy lifestyle.
The above‐mentioned lessons and related resources will support Team Nutrition’s behavior‐
oriented strategy of “providing multifaceted, integrated nutrition education for children and
their parent/caregivers.”
Purpose
The purpose of the proposed research is to obtain feedback from the target audience, students
in grades 6‐8 and their teachers, about early concepts and prototypes (see Attachments M, N,
and O) that will be included in lessons for middle school students. Specifically, the objects are
to: 1) identify student attitudes about school breakfast, sodium, and healthy beverages that can
be addressed in the final lessons; 2) identify which concepts are clear, engaging, and motivating
for students; 3) identify and understand contextual and other factors that present
opportunities and/or barriers to adopt digital educational tools; and 4) confirm that
informational text concepts, which will become the foundation for the lessons, are age‐
appropriate, clear, and aligned with relevant educational standards.
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Methodology/Research Design
This research will utilize focus group interviews conducted with students in grades 6‐8 and their
teachers. All participants will be attending/employed at schools participating in NLSP.
Focus Group Interviews
Focus group interviews (FGIs) will be conducted with 6‐8th grade teachers of health, English‐
language arts, history/geography, and science employed at schools participating in NLSP. A
total of twelve (12) 45‐minute FGIs (see Attachments D, F, & H) will be conducted with 4
educators in each group (total N=48). Eight teachers will be invited to each FGI in order to
assure 4 participants are seated. Three focus group interviews will be conducted with grade 6‐8
teachers at each of 4 schools, either before school, during lunch, during free periods, or after
school, depending on teacher availability. Table 7.1 below outlines the segmentation of teacher
focus groups by the type of school.
Table 7.1 – Segmentation of teacher FGIs by grade level
6th Grade
7th Grade
8th Grade
Northeast Region
Middle School 1
Middle School 2
1 FGI
1 FGI
1 FGI
1 FGI
1 FGI
1 FGI
Southeast Region
Middle School 3
Middle School 4
1 FGI
1 FGI
1 FGI
1 FGI
1 FGI
1 FGI
Focus group interviews (FGIs) will be conducted with students in grades 6‐8 who are attending
schools that participate in NLSP. A total of twelve (12) 45‐minute FGIs (see Attachments C, E, &
G) will be conducted with 6 students in each group (total N=72). Eight students will be invited
to each FGI in order to assure 6 participants are seated. Three focus group interviews will be
conducted with students in grades 6‐8 at each of 4 schools during or before school, depending
on the school’s preference. FGIs will be segmented by grade and gender as follows:
Table 7.2 – Segmentation of student FGIs by grade level and gender
6th Grade
7th Grade
8th Grade
Northeast Region
Middle School 1
Middle School 2
1 FGI Girls
1 FGI Boys
1 FGI Boys
1 FGI Girls
1 FGI Girls
1 FGI Boys
Southeast Region
Middle School 3
Middle School 4
1 FGI Girls
1 FGI Boys
1 FGI Boys
1 FGI Girls
1 FGI Girls
1 FGI Boys
Trained research staff will conduct all focus groups.
Design/Sampling Procedures
Public schools, from which a sample of grade 6‐8 students and will be drawn, will be selected in
order to meet the following specifications:
Geographic diversity, according to FNS regions
Representation from urban and rural communities
Participation, at the school level, in the national school lunch program
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An ethnically and racially diverse sample
An oversampling of teachers of health education
These specifications will be met through the careful selection of schools, from which research
participants will be recruited (see Recruitment section). The following plan, details specifically
how each of these specifications will be met.
A database of US public schools will be compiled using publicly available data from the National
Center for Education Statistics (NCES) and Office for Civil Rights (OCR). This database (sampling
database), will serve as the primary source of schools. Data from these sources will allow
researchers to aggregate schools by number of students, number of teachers, grade‐levels,
student’s race and ethnicity, number of students who qualify for free/reduced‐price lunch, and
school‐level NCES locale code, which determines a school’s place on the urban‐rural continuum
(http://nces.ed.gov/ccd/commonfiles/localedescription.asp).
Geographic Diversity. A total of four middle schools will be selected, two from each of two FNS
regions. Schools will be selected from one state in each FNS region in order to minimize travel
expenses.
Rural Location. Trained research staff will use the NCES locale code to insure a diversity of
schools from rural, suburban, and urban locations. Within each FNS region, schools will be
segmented by locale code as follows:
Table 2.4 School Selections for Concept Testing
School
FNS Region
Locale Description
# of Schools
Locale Code
11, 12, or 13 Small to Large City
2 Middle Schools
Northeast Region
21, 22, or 23 Small to Large Suburb
31, 32, or 33 Town: Fringe, Distant, or Remote
2 Middle Schools
Southeast Region
41, 42, or 43 Rural: Fringe, Distant, or Remote
NLSP Participation. All participating schools will have at least 50% of students who qualify for
free or reduced‐priced lunch.
Student Race/Ethnicity. Schools will be selected such that the final sample will include:
At least 1 school with more than 33% African‐American students
At least 1 school with more than 33% Hispanic/Latino students
Health Teachers. Schools will only be selected if at least two health teachers have confirmed
interest in participating in focus group interviews.
Recruitment and Consent
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Using the sampling plan detailed above, a five‐step procedure will be utilized in order to
efficiently recruit focus group participants and encourage them to attend without the use of
incentives.
1. First, teachers of health education will be emailed directly (see Attachment I) and
recruited to participate in focus groups1. Email addresses and phone numbers will be
obtained for these teachers from publicly available databases and school websites. A
consent packet (see Attachment A) will be distributed to interested teachers of health
education that includes detailed information about the formative research and their
rights as research participants. These teachers will serve as a primary contacts at each
school, both in order to assure adequate representation from teachers of health
education in each school, and because distribution of consent forms by principals is
against IRB regulations given the pressure teachers may feel to comply.
2. After a primary contact is established, approval will be obtained from the school site
principals (see Attachment J). Any state, district or local IRB approval will also be
obtained. Principal approval and interest from at least two teachers of health education
will be required for school sites to be selected.
3. After principal approval has been obtained and a primary contact established, a flyer
will be distributed by the designated primary contact to all teachers in their mailboxes.
The flyer will direct them to either email a member of the research team, follow a link to
an online consent form (see Attachment K), or speak with the designated primary
teacher contact. Teachers will also be emailed directly using email addresses obtained
from the school website and publicly available databases (see Attachment A). The email
will contain detailed information about the formative research, their rights as
participants, and a link to follow for the online consent packet. Consent packets will
include a brief survey for teachers to complete. These surveys will ask teachers about
demographic information and teaching experience.
4. Teachers who are interested in participating in focus groups will also distribute
parent/caregiver (parent) consent packages (see Attachment B) to the students in their
class. Parent consent will be used because children under 18 require parental consent to
participate in research activities. Students will take the consent packages home for their
parents to review, complete, and return with their child to their teacher.
5. Teachers will collect the signed parent consent forms and give them to the research
team when they arrive to conduct research activities. The research team has
successfully employed this strategy on other similar projects.
6. Finally, after times have been selected, participating teachers will be sent a scheduling
email (see Attachment L) to remind them where and when the focus groups will take
place.
1
This strategy has been successfully used by the research staff to recruit schools to agree to host research
activities involving students and teachers.
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All consent forms are modeled after those previously approved by OMB under “Formative
Research About FNS Curriculum Messages for 5th and 6th Grades” (control number: 0584‐0523,
ICR 201207‐0584‐007), with the only modifications reflecting the content of the study.
Compensation
Each school will receive a $250 facility fee to cover the cost of research staff using a conference
room or the library to conduct focus groups. This fee is based on conversations with a random
sample of 8 schools with which the trained research staff has recently conducted research. The
average cost of community members renting a room in the library or other spaces was $50 per
hour. It is estimated that that preparation and focus groups will take approximately 5 hours per
school, during which time the school may not be able to use and/or rent the rooms to other
outside groups.
All focus group participants will be provided with a hot meal, as the focus groups will take place
during lunch or immediately after school. The meal will be arranged by the research staff and is
valued at $8 per participant.
Data Analysis
Qualitative Data. All focus groups interviews will be audio‐recorded (with respondent
permission) and transcribed. This text will become the data for qualitative analysis. Codes,
representing new insights and relevant participant experiences and opinions, will be identified
using Grounded Theory, by which codes and themes are allowed to emerge from the text
(Corbin & Strauss, 1990; Glaser, 1992; Henwood & Pidgeon, 2003; Walker & Myrick, 2006) and
entered into the NVivo software package in order to organize themes. In order to ensure that
individuals did not bias findings, multiple researchers will code interview transcriptions, and
themes will be compared and synthesized in Qualitative Debriefing Sessions. Findings will be
considered descriptive and directional, but not definitive. No attempt will be made to
generalize findings as nationally representative.
Outcomes/Findings
Information and formative input gathered from specific target audiences through the research
will help develop a final products that are final products are relevant, meaningful and easy‐to‐
use. Research summary findings may be published either electronically or in print, but such
documents will not include information that personally identifies any of the research
participants.
8. Confidentiality:
Using the Agreement on Security of Comments Form participants will be informed of privacy act
provisions before responding to the screener. System of Record FNS‐8, FNS Studies and
Reports, published in the Federal Register on 4/25/1991 at 56 FR 19078, covers personal
information collected under this study and identifies safeguards for the information collected.
Federal Costs: $58,846.19
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9. Research Tools/Instruments:
Attachment A: Consent Package for Teacher Focus Groups: Teacher Email, Teacher
Informed Consent Form, and Teacher Questionnaire
Attachment B: Consent Package for Parent/Caregivers: Parent/Caregiver Letter,
Informed Consent Form for Child’s Focus Group Participation, and Parent Questionnaire
Attachment C: Student Focus Group Guideline: Grade 6
Attachment D: Teacher Focus Group Guideline: Grade 6
Attachment E: Student Focus Group Guideline: Grade 7
Attachment F: Teacher Focus Group Guideline: Grade 7
Attachment G: Student Focus Group Guideline: Grade 8
Attachment H: Teacher Focus Group Guideline: Grade 8
Attachment I: Initial Contact Email
Attachment J: Principal Letter of Agreement
Attachment K: Teacher Focus Group Flyer
Attachment L: Scheduling Email for Teacher Focus Groups
Attachment M: Focus Group Stimulus: Grade 6
Attachment N: Focus Group Stimulus: Grade 7
Attachment O: Focus Group Stimulus: Grade 8
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File Type | application/pdf |
File Title | Microsoft Word - Middle School Digital Nutrition_OMB Memo-rev3 |
Author | lynnette.thomas |
File Modified | 2016-02-11 |
File Created | 2016-02-11 |