50 Cfr 14

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[50 CFR 14] Title 50 Part 14 : Code of Federal Regulations

Title 50 Part 14
e-CFR data is current as of July 29, 2019

Title 50 → Chapter I → Subchapter B → Part 14

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Title 50: Wildlife and Fisheries

PART 14—IMPORTATION, EXPORTATION, AND
TRANSPORTATION OF WILDLIFE
Contents

Subpart A—Introduction
§14.1
§14.2
§14.3
§14.4

Purpose of regulations.
Scope of regulations.
Information collection requirements.
What terms do I have to understand?

Subpart B—Importation and Exportation at Designated Ports
§14.11
§14.12
§14.13
§14.14
§14.15
§14.16
§14.17
§14.18
§14.19
§14.20
§14.21
§14.22
§14.23
§14.24

General restrictions.
Designated ports.
Emergency diversion.
In-transit shipments.
Personal baggage and household effects.
Border ports.
Personally owned pet birds.
Marine mammals.
Special ports.
Exceptions by permit.
Shellfish and fishery products.
Certain antique articles.
Live farm-raised fish and farm-raised fish eggs.
Scientific specimens.

Subpart C—Designated Port Exception Permits
§14.31 Permits to import or export wildlife at nondesignated port for scientific purposes.
§14.32 Permits to import or export wildlife at nondesignated port to minimize deterioration or loss.
§14.33 Permits to import or export wildlife at nondesignated port to alleviate undue economic hardship.
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Subpart D [Reserved]

Subpart E—Inspection and Clearance of Wildlife
§14.51
§14.52
§14.53
§14.54
§14.55

Inspection of wildlife.
Clearance of imported wildlife.
Detention and refusal of clearance.
Unavailability of Service officers.
Exceptions to clearance requirements.

Subpart F—Wildlife Declarations
§14.61
§14.62
§14.63
§14.64

Import declaration requirements.
Exceptions to import declaration requirements.
Export declaration requirements.
Exceptions to export declaration requirements.

Subpart G [Reserved]

Subpart H—Marking of Containers or Packages
§14.81 Marking requirement.
§14.82 Alternatives and exceptions to the marking requirement.

Subpart I—Import/Export Licenses and Inspection Fees
§14.91
§14.92
§14.93
§14.94

When do I need an import/export license?
What are the exemptions to the import/export license requirement?
How do I apply for an import/export license?
What fees apply to me?

Subpart J—Standards for the Humane and Healthful Transport of Wild Mammals and Birds to the United
States
§14.101 Purposes.
§14.102 Definitions.
§14.103 Prohibitions.
§14.104 Translations.
§14.105 Consignment to carrier.
§14.106 Primary enclosures.
§14.107 Conveyance.
§14.108 Food and water.
§14.109 Care in transit.
§14.110 Terminal facilities.
§14.111 Handling.
§14.112 Other applicable provisions.
Specifications for Nonhuman Primates
§14.121 Primary enclosures.
§14.122 Food and water.
§14.123 Care in transit.
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Specifications for Marine Mammals (Cetaceans, Sirenians, Sea Otters, Pinnipeds, and Polar Bears)
§14.131 Primary enclosures.
§14.132 Food and water.
§14.133 Care in transit.
Specifications for Elephants and Ungulates
§14.141 Consignment to carrier.
§14.142 Primary enclosures.
Specifications for Sloths, Bats, and Flying Lemurs (Cynocephalidae)
§14.151 Primary enclosures.
Specifications for Other Terrestrial Mammals
§14.161 Primary enclosures.
Specifications for Birds
§14.171 Consignment to carrier.
§14.172 Primary enclosures.

Subpart K—Captive Wildlife Safety Act
§14.250
§14.251
§14.252
§14.253
§14.254
§14.255

What is the purpose of these regulations?
What other regulations may apply?
What definitions do I need to know?
What are the restrictions contained in these regulations?
What are the requirements contained in these regulations?
Are there any exemptions to the restrictions contained in these regulations?

Authority: 16 U.S.C. 668, 704, 712, 1382, 1538(d)-(f), 1540(f), 3371-3378, 4223-4244, and 4901-4916; 18
U.S.C. 42; 31 U.S.C. 9701; Pub. L. 115-334, 132 Stat. 4490.
Source: 45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980, unless otherwise noted.
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Subpart A—Introduction
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§14.1 Purpose of regulations.
The regulations contained in this part provide uniform rules and procedures for the importation, exportation, and
transportation of wildlife.
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§14.2 Scope of regulations.
The provisions in this part are in addition to, and do not supersede other regulations of this subchapter B which
may require a permit or prescribe additional restrictions or conditions for the importation, exportation, and
transportation of wildlife.
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§14.3 Information collection requirements.
The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has approved the information collection requirements contained in
this part 14 under 44 U.S.C. 3507 and assigned OMB Control Numbers 1018-0012, 1018-0092, and 1018-0129.
The Service may not conduct or sponsor and you are not required to respond to a collection of information unless
it displays a currently valid OMB control number. You can direct comments regarding these information collection
requirements to the Service's Information Collection Clearance Officer at the address provided at 50 CFR 2.1(b).
[72 FR 45946, Aug. 16, 2007, as amended at 79 FR 43964, July 29, 2014]
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§14.4 What terms do I have to understand?
In addition to definitions contained in part 10 of this subchapter, in this part:
Accompanying personal baggage means all hand-carried items and all checked baggage of a person entering into
or departing from the United States.
Accredited scientist means any individual associated with, employed by, or under contract to and accredited by an
accredited scientific institution for the purpose of conducting biological or medical research, and whose research
activities are approved and sponsored by the scientific institution granting accreditation.
Accredited scientific institutions means any public museum, public zoological park, accredited institution of higher
education, accredited member of the American Zoo and Aquarium Association, accredited member of the
American Association of Systematic Collections, or any State or Federal government agency that conducts
biological or medical research.
Commercial means related to the offering for sale or resale, purchase, trade, barter, or the actual or intended
transfer in the pursuit of gain or profit, of any item of wildlife and includes the use of any wildlife article as an
exhibit for the purpose of soliciting sales, without regard to quantity or weight. There is a presumption that eight or
more similar unused items are for commercial use. The Service or the importer/exporter/owner may rebut this
presumption based upon the particular facts and circumstances of each case.
Domesticated animals includes, but is not limited to, the following domesticated animals that are exempted from
the requirements of this subchapter B (except for species obtained from wild populations).
Mammals: Alpaca—Lama alpaca; Camel—Camelus dromedarius; Camel (Boghdi)—Camelus bactrianus; Cat
(domestic)—Felis domesticus; Cattle—Bos taurus; Dog (domestic)—Canis familiaris; European rabbit—
Ortyctolagus cuniculus; Ferret (domestic)—Mustela putorius; Goat—Capra hircus; Horse—Equus caballus; Llama
—Lama glama; Pig—Sus scrofa; Sheep—Ovis aries; Water buffalo—Bubalus bubalus; White lab mice—Mus
musculus; White lab rate—Rattus norvegicus.
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Fish (For export purposes only): Carp (koi)—Cyprinus carpio; Goldfish—Carassius auratus.
Birds: Chicken—Gallus domesticus; Ducks & geese—domesticated varieties; Guinea fowl—Numida
meleagris;Peafowl—Pavo cristatus; Pigeons (domesticated)—Columba livia domestrica; Turkey—Meleagris
gallopavo;Domesticated or Barnyard Mallards include: Pekin; Aylesbury; Bouen; Cayuga; Gray Call; White Call;
East Indian; Crested; Swedish; Buff Orpington; Indian Runner; Campbell; Duclair; Merchtem; Termonde; Magpie;
Chinese; Khaki Campbell.
Insects: Crickets, mealworms, honeybees (not to include Africanized varieties), and similar insects that are
routinely farm raised.
Other Invertebrates: Earthworms and similar invertebrates that are routinely farm raised.
Export means to depart from, to send from, to ship from, or to carry out of, or attempt to depart from, to send from,
to ship from, or to carry out of, or to consign to a carrier in any place subject to the jurisdiction of the United States
with an intended destination of any place not subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, whether or not such
departure, sending, or carrying, or shipping constitutes an exportation within the meaning of the Custom laws of
the United States. When a passenger leaving the jurisdiction of the United States enters the designated
international area of embarkation of an airport, all accompanying personal hand-carried items and checked
baggage will be regarded as exports.
Import means to land on, bring into, or introduce into, or attempt to land on, bring into, or introduce into any place
subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, whether or not such landing, bringing, or introduction constitutes an
importation within the meaning of the tariff laws of the United States.
We means Fish and Wildlife Service or Service.
You means licensee, or importer/exporter of record.
[61 FR 31868, June 21, 1996, as amended at 64 FR 23025, Apr. 29, 1999]
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Subpart B—Importation and Exportation at
Designated Ports
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§14.11 General restrictions.
Except as otherwise provided in this part, no person may import or export any wildlife at any place other than a
Customs port of entry designated in §14.12.
[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980; 45 FR 64953, Oct. 1, 1980]
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§14.12 Designated ports.
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The following ports of entry are designated for the importation and exportation of wildlife and wildlife products and
are referred to hereafter as “designated ports”:
(a) Anchorage, Alaska.
(b) Atlanta, Georgia.
(c) Baltimore, Maryland.
(d) Boston, Massachusetts.
(e) Chicago, Illinois.
(f) Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas.
(g) Honolulu, Hawaii.
(h) Houston, Texas.
(i) Los Angeles, California.
(j) Louisville, Kentucky.
(k) Memphis, Tennessee.
(l) Miami, Florida.
(m) New Orleans, Louisiana.
(n) New York, New York.
(o) Portland, Oregon.
(p) San Francisco, California.
(q) Seattle, Washington.
[69 FR 70382, Dec. 6, 2004]
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§14.13 Emergency diversion.
Wildlife which has been imported into the United States at any port or place other than a designated port solely as
a result of a diversion due to an aircraft or vessel emergency must proceed as an in-transit shipment under
Customs bond to a designated port, or to any port where a permit or other provision of this part provides for lawful
importation.
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§14.14 In-transit shipments.
(a) Wildlife destined for a point within the United States may be imported into the United States at any port if such
wildlife proceeds as an in-transit shipment under Customs bond to a designated port, or to any port where a permit
or other provision of this part provides for lawful importation.
(b) Wildlife moving in-transit through the United States from one foreign country to another foreign country is
exempt from the designated port requirements of this part, if such wildlife is not unloaded within the United States.
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§14.15 Personal baggage and household effects.
(a) Any person may import into or export from the United States at any Customs port wildlife products or
manufactured articles that are not intended for commercial use and are used as clothing or contained in
accompanying personal baggage. However, this exception to the designated port requirement does not apply to
any raw or dressed fur; raw, salted, or crusted hide or skin; game trophy; or to wildlife requiring a permit pursuant
to part 16, 17, 18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B.
(b) Wildlife products or manufactured articles, including mounted game trophies or tanned hides, which are not
intended for sale and are part of a shipment of the household effects of persons moving their residence to or from
the United States may be imported or exported at any Customs port of entry. However, this exception to the
designated port requirement does not apply to any raw fur; raw, salted, or crusted hide or skin; or to wildlife
requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B.
[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980, as amended at 61 FR 31868, June 21, 1996]
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§14.16 Border ports.
(a) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B, wildlife whose
country of origin is Canada or the United States may be imported or exported at any of the following Customs
ports of entry:
(1) Alaska—Alcan;
(2) Idaho—Eastport;
(3) Maine—Calais, Houlton, Jackman;
(4) Massachusetts—Boston;
(5) Michigan—Detroit, Port Huron, Sault Sainte Marie;
(6) Minnesota—Grand Portage, International Falls, Minneapolis-St. Paul;
(7) Montana—Raymond, Sweetgrass;
(8) New York—Buffalo-Niagara Falls, Champlain;
(9) North Dakota—Dunseith, Pembina, Portal;
(10) Ohio—Cleveland;
(11) Vermont—Derby Line, Highgate Springs; and
(12) Washington—Blaine, Sumas.
(b) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B, wildlife whose
country of origin is Mexico or the United States may be imported or exported at any of the following Customs ports
of entry:
(1) Arizona—Lukeville, Nogales;
(2) California—Calexico, San Diego-San Ysidro; and
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(3) Texas—Brownsville, El Paso, Laredo.
(c) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 18, or 21 of this subchapter B, wildlife lawfully
taken by U.S. residents in the United States, Canada, or Mexico and imported or exported for noncommercial
purposes, may be imported or exported at any Customs port of entry.
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§14.17 Personally owned pet birds.
Any person may import a personally owned pet bird at any port designated under, and in accordance with, 9 CFR
part 92.
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§14.18 Marine mammals.
Any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States who has lawfully taken a marine mammal on the high
seas and who is authorized to import such marine mammal in accordance with the Marine Mammal Protection Act
of 1972 and implementing regulations (50 CFR parts 18 and 216) may import such marine mammal at any port or
place.
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§14.19 Special ports.
(a) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B, wildlife which is
imported for final destination in Alaska, Puerto Rico, or the Virgin Islands, may be imported through those Customs
ports of entry named hereafter for the respective State or Territory of final destination:
(1) Alaska—Alcan, Anchorage, Fairbanks, Juneau;
(2) Puerto Rico—San Juan; and
(3) Virgin Islands—San Juan, Puerto Rico.
(b) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B, wildlife which
originates in Alaska, Puerto Rico, or the Virgin Islands, may be exported through the following Customs ports for
the respective State or Territory:
(1) Alaska—Alcan, Anchorage, Fairbanks, Juneau;
(2) Puerto Rico—San Juan; and
(3) Virgin Islands—San Juan, Puerto Rico.
(c) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B, wildlife which
has a final destination of Guam or which originates in Guam may be imported or exported, as appropriate, through
the port of Agana, Guam.
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§14.20 Exceptions by permit.
Wildlife may be imported into or exported from the United States at any Customs port of entry designated in the
terms of a valid permit issued pursuant to subpart C of this part.
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§14.21 Shellfish and fishery products.
(a)(1) General. Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 17 or 23 of this subchapter, shellfish and
fishery products imported or exported for purposes of human or animal consumption or taken in waters under the
jurisdiction of the United States or on the high seas for recreational purposes may enter or exit at any Customs
port.
(2) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 17 or part 23 of this subchapter, live aquatic invertebrates
of the Class Pelecypoda (commonly known as oysters, clams, mussels, and scallops) and the eggs, larvae, or
juvenile forms thereof may be exported for purposes of propagation, or research related to propagation, at any
Customs port.
(b) Pearls. Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 17 or 23 of this subchapter, pearls imported or
exported for commercial purposes may enter or exit the United States at any Customs port of entry. For the
purposes of this part, all references to the term shellfish and fishery products will include pearls.
[61 FR 31868, June 21, 1996]
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§14.22 Certain antique articles.
Any person may import at any Customs Service port designated for such purpose, any article (other than
scrimshaw, defined in 16 U.S.C 1539(f)(1)(B) and 50 CFR 217.12 as any art form that involves the etching or
engraving of designs upon, or the carving of figures, patterns, or designs from, any bone or tooth of any marine
mammal of the order Cetacea) that is at least 100 years old, is composed in whole or in part of any endangered or
threatened species listed under §17.11 or §17.12 of this subchapter, and has not been repaired or modified with
any part of any endangered or threatened species on or after December 28, 1973.
[61 FR 31868, June 21, 1996]
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§14.23 Live farm-raised fish and farm-raised fish
eggs.
Live farm-raised fish and farm-raised fish eggs meet the definition of “bred in captivity” as stated in 50 CFR 17.3.
Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to parts 17 or 23 of this subchapter, live farm-raised fish and farmraised fish eggs may be exported from any U.S. Customs port.
[59 FR 41714, Aug. 15, 1994]
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§14.24 Scientific specimens.
Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to parts 16, 17, 18, 21, 22 or 23 of this subchapter, dead, preserved,
dried, or embedded scientific specimens or parts thereof, imported or exported by accredited scientists or
accredited scientific institutions for taxonomic or systematic research purposes may enter or exit through any U.S.
Customs port, or may be shipped through the international mail system. Provided, that this exception will not apply
to any specimens or parts thereof taken as a result of sport hunting.
[61 FR 31869, June 21, 1996]
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Subpart C—Designated Port Exception Permits
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§14.31 Permits to import or export wildlife at
nondesignated port for scientific purposes.
(a) General. The Director may, upon receipt of an application submitted in accordance with the provisions of this
section and §§13.11 and 13.12 of this subchapter, and in accordance with the issuance criteria of this section,
issue a permit authorizing importation or exportation of wildlife for scientific purposes at one or more named
Customs port(s) of entry not otherwise authorized by subpart B. Such permits may authorize a single importation
or exportation, a series of importations or exportations, or importation or exportation during a specified period of
time.
(b) Application procedure. Applications for permits to import or export wildlife at a nondesignated port for scientific
purposes must be submitted to the Director. Each application must contain the general information and certification
required by §13.12(a) of this subchapter, plus the following additional information:
(1) The scientific purpose or uses of the wildlife to be imported or exported;
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(2) The number and kinds of wildlife described by scientific and common names to be imported or exported where
such number and kinds can be determined;
(3) The country or place in which the wildlife was removed from the wild (if known), or where born in captivity;
(4) The port(s) of entry where importation or exportation is requested, and the reasons why importation or
exportation should be allowed at the requested port(s) of entry rather than at a designated port; and
(5) A statement as to whether the exception is being requested for a single shipment, a series of shipments, or
shipments over a specified period of time and the date(s) involved.
(c) Additional permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set forth in part 13 of this subchapter B,
permits to import or export wildlife at a nondesignated port issued under this section are subject to the following
condition: Permittee shall file such reports as specified on the permit, if any.
(d) Issuance criteria. The Director shall consider the following in determining whether to issue a permit under this
section:
(1) Benefit to a bona fide scientific research project, other scientific purpose, or facilitation of the exchange of
preserved museum specimens;
(2) The kind of wildlife involved and its place of origin;
(3) The reasons why the exception is requested; and
(4) Availability of a Service officer.
(e) Duration of permits. Any permit issued under this section expires on the date designated on the face of the
permit. In no case will the permit be valid for more than 2 years from the date of issuance.
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§14.32 Permits to import or export wildlife at
nondesignated port to minimize deterioration or
loss.
(a) General. The Director may, upon receipt of an application submitted in accordance with the provisions of this
section and §§13.11 and 13.12 of this subchapter, and in accordance with the issuance criteria of this section,
issue a permit authorizing importation or exportation of wildlife, in order to minimize deterioration or loss, at one or
more named Customs port(s) of entry not otherwise authorized by subpart B. Such permits may authorize a single
importation or exportation, a series of importations or exportations, or importation or exportation during a specified
period of time.
(b) Application procedure. Applications for permits to import or export wildlife at a nondesignated port to minimize
deterioration or loss must be submitted to the Director. Each application must contain the general information and
certification required in §13.12(a) of this subchapter, plus the following additional information:
(1) The number and kinds of wildlife described by scientific and common names to be imported or exported where
such number and kinds can be determined;
(2) The country or place in which the wildlife was removed from the wild (if known), or where born in captivity;
(3) The port(s) of entry where importation or exportation is requested, and the reasons why importation or
exportation should be allowed at the requested port(s) of entry rather than at a designated port (information must
be included to show that an importation or exportation at a designated port would result in a substantial
deterioration or loss of the wildlife); and
(4) A statement as to whether the exception is being requested for a single shipment, a series of shipments, or
shipments over a specified period of time and the date(s) involved.
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(c) Additional permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set forth in part 13 of this subchapter B,
permits to import or export wildlife at a nondesignated port issued under this section are to be subject to the
following conditions:
(1) Permittee shall file such reports as may be specified on the permit, if any; and
(2) Permittee must pay fees in accordance with §14.94.
(d) Issuance criteria. The Director shall consider the following in determining whether to issue a permit under this
section:
(1) Likelihood of a substantial deterioration or loss of the wildlife involved;
(2) The kind of wildlife involved and its place of origin; and
(3) Availability of a Service officer.
(e) Duration of permits. Any permit issued under this section expires on the date designated on the face of the
permit. In no case will the permit be valid more than 2 years from the date of issuance.
[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980; 45 FR 64953, Oct. 1, 1980, as amended at 61 FR 31869, June 21, 1996]
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§14.33 Permits to import or export wildlife at
nondesignated port to alleviate undue economic
hardship.
(a) General. The Director may, upon receipt of an application submitted in accordance with the provisions of this
section and §§13.11 and 13.12 of this subchapter, and in accordance with the issuance criteria of this section,
issue a permit authorizing importation or exportation of wildlife in order to alleviate undue economic hardship at
one or more named Customs port(s) of entry not otherwise authorized by subpart B. Such permits may authorize a
single importation or exportation, a series of importations or exportations, or importation or exportation during a
specified period of time.
(b) Application procedure. Applications for permits to import or export wildlife at a nondesignated port to alleviate
undue economic hardship must be submitted to the Director. Each application must contain the general
information and certification required in §13.12(a) of this subchapter, plus the following additional information:
(1) The number and kinds of wildlife described by scientific and common names to be imported or exported, where
such number and kinds can be determined, and a description of the form in which it is to be imported, such as
“live,” “frozen,” “raw hides,” or a full description of any manufactured product;
(2) The country or place in which the wildlife was removed from the wild (if known), or where born in captivity;
(3) The name and address of the supplier or consignee;
(4) The port(s) of entry where importation or exportation is requested, and the reasons why importation or
exportation should be allowed at the requested port(s) of entry rather than at a designated port (information must
be included to show the monetary difference between the cost of importation or exportation at the port requested
and the lowest cost of importation or exportation at the port through which importation or exportation is authorized
by subpart B without a permit); and
(5) A statement as to whether the exception is being requested for a single shipment, a series of shipments, or
shipments over a specified period of time and the date(s) involved.
(c) Additional permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set forth in part 13 of this subchapter B,
permits to import or export wildlife at a nondesignated port issued under this section are subject to the following
conditions:
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(1) Permittee shall file such reports as specified on the permit, if any; and
(2) Permittee must pay fees in accordance with §14.94.
(d) Issuance criteria. The Director shall consider the following in determining whether to issue a permit under this
section:
(1) The difference between the cost of importing or exporting the wildlife at the port requested and the lowest cost
of importing or exporting such wildlife at a port authorized by these regulations without a permit;
(2) The severity of the economic hardship that likely would result should the permit not be issued;
(3) The kind of wildlife involved, including its form and place of origin; and
(4) Availability of a Service officer.
(e) Duration of permits. Any permit issued under this section expires on the date designated on the face of the
permit. In no case will the permit be valid for more than 2 years from the date of issuance.
[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980; 45 FR 64953, Oct. 1, 1980, as amended at 61 FR 31869, June 21, 1996]
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Subpart D [Reserved]
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Subpart E—Inspection and Clearance of Wildlife
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§14.51 Inspection of wildlife.
Subject to applicable limitations of law, Service officers and Customs officers may detain for inspection and inspect
any package, crate, or other container, including its contents, and all accompanying documents, upon importation
or exportation. The Director may charge reasonable fees, including salary, overtime, transportation and per diem
of Service officers, for wildlife import or export inspections specially requested by the importer or exporter at times
other than regular work hours or locations other than usual for such inspections at the port.
[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980; 45 FR 64953, Oct. 1, 1980, as amended at 50 FR 52889, Dec. 26, 1985]
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§14.52 Clearance of imported wildlife.
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(a) Except as otherwise provided by this subpart, a Service officer must clear all wildlife imported into the United
States prior to release from detention by Customs officers. A Service officer must clear all wildlife to be exported
from the United States prior to the physical loading of the merchandise on a vehicle or aircraft, or the
containerization or palletizing of such merchandise for export, unless a Service officer expressly authorizes
otherwise. Such clearance does not constitute a certification of the legality of an importation or exportation under
the laws or regulations of the United States.
(b) An importer/exporter or his/her agent may obtain clearance by a Service officer only at designated ports
(§14.12), at border ports (§14.16), at special ports (§14.19), or at a port where importation or exportation is
authorized by a permit issued under subpart C of this part. An importer/exporter must return forthwith any wildlife
released without a Service officer's clearance or clearance by Customs for the Service under authority of §14.54 to
a port where clearance may be obtained pursuant to this subpart.
(c) To obtain clearance, the importer, exporter, or the importer's or exporter's agent will make available to a Service
officer or a Customs officer acting under §14.54:
(1) All shipping documents (including bills of lading, waybills and packing lists or invoices);
(2) All permits, licenses or other documents required by the laws or regulations of the United States;
(3) All permits or other documents required by the laws or regulations of any foreign country;
(4) The wildlife being imported or exported; and
(5) Any documents and permits required by the country of export or re-export for the wildlife.
[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980; 45 FR 64953, Oct. 1, 1980, as amended at 50 FR 52889, Dec. 26, 1985; 61 FR
31869, June 21, 1996]
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§14.53 Detention and refusal of clearance.
(a) Detention. Any Service officer, or Customs officer acting under §14.54, may detain imported or exported wildlife
and any associated property. As soon as practicable following the importation or exportation and decision to
detain, the Service will mail a notice of detention by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, to the
importer or consignee, or exporter, if known or easily ascertainable. Such notice must describe the detained
wildlife or other property, indicate the reason for the detention, describe the general nature of the tests or inquiries
to be conducted, and indicate that if the releasability of the wildlife has not been determined within 30 days after
the date of the notice, or a longer period if specifically stated, that the Service will deem the wildlife to be seized
and will issue no further notification of seizure.
(b) Refusal of clearance. Any Service officer may refuse clearance of imported or exported wildlife and any
Customs officer acting under §14.54 may refuse clearance of imported wildlife when there are responsible grounds
to believe that:
(1) A Federal law or regulation has been violated;
(2) The correct identity and country of origin of the wildlife has not been established (in such cases, the burden is
upon the owner, importer, exporter, consignor, or consignee to establish such identity by scientific name to the
species level or, if any subspecies is protected by the laws of this country or the country of origin to the subspecies
level);
(3) Any permit, license, or other documentation required for clearance of such wildlife is not available, is not
currently valid, has been suspended or revoked, or is not authentic;
(4) The importer, exporter, or the importer's or exporter's agent has filed an incorrect or incomplete declaration for
importation or exportation as provided in §14.61 or §14.63; or

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(5) The importer, exporter, or the importer's or exporter's agent has not paid any fee or portion of balance due for
inspection fees required by §14.93 or §14.94, or penalties assessed against the importer or exporter under 50
CFR part 11. This paragraph does not apply to penalty assessments on appeal in accordance with the provisions
of part 11.
[61 FR 31869, June 21, 1996]
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§14.54 Unavailability of Service officers.
(a) Designated ports. All wildlife arriving at a designated port must be cleared by a Service officer prior to Customs
clearance and release. When importers or their agents expect live or perishable shipments of wildlife or wildlife
products or request inspection at the time of arrival, they must notify the Service at least 48 hours prior to the
estimated time of arrival. However, where a Service officer is not available within a reasonable time, Customs
Officers may clear live or perishable wildlife subject to post-clearance inspection and investigation by the Service.
(b) Border and special ports. Wildlife lawfully imported at Canadian or Mexican border ports under §14.16, or into
Alaska, Puerto Rico, or the Virgin Islands, under §14.19, may, if a Service officer is not available within a
reasonable time, be cleared by Customs officers, subject to post-clearance inspection and investigation by the
Service.
(c) Permit imports. Wildlife imported at a nondesignated port in accordance with the terms of a valid permit issued
under subpart C of this part, may, if a Service officer is not available within a reasonable time, be cleared by
Customs officers, subject to post-clearance inspection and investigation by the Service.
(d) Personal baggage and household effects. Wildlife lawfully imported at any port of entry under §14.15, may, if a
Service officer is not available within a reasonable time, be cleared by Customs officers, subject to post-clearance
inspection and investigation by the Service.
(e) Personally owned pet birds. Personally owned pet birds lawfully imported at a port of entry under §14.17, may,
if a Service officer is not available within a reasonable time, be cleared by Customs officers, subject to postclearance inspection and investigation by the Service.
(f) Exports. Exporters or their agents must notify the Service and make the shipment available for inspection at
least 48 hours prior to the estimated time of exportation of any wildlife.
[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980, as amended at 61 FR 31869, June 21, 1996]
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§14.55 Exceptions to clearance requirements.
Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 17 or 23 of this subchapter B, clearance is not required for
the importation of the following wildlife:
(a) Shellfish and fishery products imported for purposes of human or animal consumption or taken in waters under
the jurisdiction of the United States or on the high seas for recreational purposes;
(b) Marine mammals lawfully taken on the high seas by United States residents and imported directly into the
United States; and
(c) Certain antique articles as specified in §14.22 which have been released from custody by Customs officers
under 19 U.S.C. 1499.
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(d) Dead, preserved, dried, or embedded scientific specimens or parts thereof, imported or exported by accredited
scientists or accredited scientific institutions for taxonomic or systematic research purposes. Except: That this
exception will not apply to any specimens or parts thereof taken as a result of sport hunting.
[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980, as amended at 61 FR 31869, June 21, 1996]
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Subpart F—Wildlife Declarations
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§14.61 Import declaration requirements.
Except as otherwise provided by the regulations of this subpart, importers or their agents must file with the Service
a completed Declaration for Importation or Exportation of Fish or Wildlife (Form 3-177), signed by the importer or
the importer's agent, upon the importation of any wildlife at the place where Service clearance under §14.52 is
requested. However, wildlife may be transshipped under bond to a different port for release from custody by
Customs Service officers under 19 U.S.C. 1499. For certain antique articles as specified in §14.22, importers or
their agents must file a Form 3-177 with the District Director of Customs at the port of entry prior to release from
Customs custody. Importers or their agents must furnish all applicable information requested on the Form 3-177
and the importer, or the importer's agent, must certify that the information furnished is true and complete to the
best of his/her knowledge and belief.
[61 FR 49980, Sept. 24, 1996]
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§14.62 Exceptions to import declaration
requirements.
(a) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 17 or 23 of this subchapter B, an importer or his/her agent
does not have to file a Declaration for Importation or Exportation of Fish or Wildlife (Form 3-177) for importation of
shellfish and fishery products imported for purposes of human or animal consumption, or taken in waters under the
jurisdiction of the United States or on the high seas for recreational purposes;
(b) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B, a Declaration
for Importation or Exportation of Fish or Wildlife (Form 3-177) does not have to be filed for importation of the
following:
(1) Fish taken for recreational purposes in Canada or Mexico;
(2) Wildlife products or manufactured articles that are not intended for commercial use and are used as clothing or
contained in accompanying personal baggage, except that an importer or his/her agent must file a Form 3-177 for
raw or dressed furs; for raw, salted, or crusted hides or skins; and for game or game trophies; and

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(3) Wildlife products or manufactured articles that are not intended for commercial use and are a part of a
shipment of the household effects of persons moving their residence to the United States, except that an importer
or his/her agent must file a declaration for raw or dressed furs and for raw, salted, or crusted hides or skins.
(c) General declarations for certain specimens. Notwithstanding the provisions of 14.61 and except for wildlife
included in paragraph (d) of this section, an importer or his/her agent may describe in general terms on a
Declaration for the Importation or Exportation of Fish or Wildlife (Form 3-177) scientific specimens imported for
scientific institutions for taxonomic, systematic research, or faunal survey purposes. An importer or his/her agent
must file an amended Form 3-177 within 180 days after filing of the general declaration with the Service. The
declaration must identify specimens to the most accurate taxonomic classification reasonably practicable using the
best available taxonomic information. The Director may grant extensions of the 180-day period.
(d) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 18, 21, 22 or 23 of this subchapter, an importer or
his/her agent does not have to file a Declaration for the Importation or Exportation of Fish or Wildlife (Form 3-177)
at the time of importation for shipments of dead, preserved, dried, or embedded scientific specimens or parts
thereof, imported by accredited scientists or accredited scientific institutions for taxonomic or systematic research
purposes. An importer or his/her agent must file a Form 3-177 within 180 days of importation with the appropriate
Assistant Regional Director—Law Enforcement in the Region where the importation occurs. The declaration must
identify the specimens to the most accurate taxonomic classification reasonably practicable using the best
available taxonomic information, and must declare the country of origin. Except: That this exception will not apply
to any specimens or parts thereof taken as a result of sport hunting.
[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980; 45 FR 64953, Oct. 1, 1980, as amended at 61 FR 31870, June 21, 1996]
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§14.63 Export declaration requirements.
Except as otherwise provided by the regulations of this subpart, a completed Declaration for Importation or
Exportation of Fish or Wildlife (Form 3-177) signed by the exporter, or the exporter's agent, shall be filed with the
Service prior to the export of any wildlife at the port of exportation as authorized in subpart B of this part. All
applicable information requested on the Form 3-177 shall be furnished, and the exporter or the exporter's agent
shall certify that the information furnished is true and complete to the best of his/her knowledge and belief.
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§14.64 Exceptions to export declaration
requirements.
(a) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 17 or 23 of this subchapter B, an exporter or his/her agent
does not have to file a Declaration for Importation or Exportation of Fish or Wildlife (Form 3-177) for the
exportation of shellfish and fishery products exported for purposes of human or animal consumption or taken in
waters under the jurisdiction of the United States or on the high seas for recreational purposes, and does not have
to file for the exportation of live aquatic invertebrates of the Class Pelecypoda (commonly known as oysters,
claims, mussels, and scallops) and the eggs, larvae, or juvenile forms thereof exported for purposes of
propagation, or research related to propagation.
(b) Except for wildlife requiring a permit pursuant to part 16, 17, 18, 21, or 23 of this subchapter B, a Declaration
for the Importation or Exportation of Fish or Wildlife (Form 3-177) does not have to be filed for the exportation of
the following:
(1) Wildlife that is not intended for commercial use where the value of such wildlife is under $250;
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(2) Wildlife products or manufactured articles, including game trophies, that are not intended for commercial use
and are used as clothing or contained in accompanying personal baggage or are part of a shipment of the
household effects of persons moving their residence from the United States; and
(3) Shipments of dead, preserved, dried, or embedded scientific specimens or parts thereof, exported by
accredited scientists or accredited scientific institutions for taxonomic or systematic research purposes. An
exporter or his/her agent must file a Form 3-177 within 180 days of exportation with the appropriate Assistant
Regional Director—Law Enforcement in the Region where the exportation occurs. The declaration must identify
the specimens to the most accurate taxonomic classification reasonably practicable using the best available
taxonomic information, and must declare the country of origin. Except: That this exception will not apply to any
specimens or parts thereof taken as a result of sport hunting.
(c) Except for wildlife requiring a period pursuant to parts 17 or 23 of this subchapter, a Declaration for the
Importation or Exportation of Fish or Wildlife (Form 3-177) does not have to be filed for the exportation of live farmraised fish and farm-raised fish eggs as defined in §14.23.
[45 FR 56673, Aug. 25, 1980, as amended at 59 FR 41714, Aug. 15, 1994; 61 FR 31870, June 21, 1996]
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Subpart G [Reserved]
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Subpart H—Marking of Containers or Packages
Source: 52 FR 45341, Nov. 27, 1987, unless otherwise noted.
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§14.81 Marking requirement.
Except as otherwise provided in this subpart, no person may import, export, or transport in interstate commerce
any container or package containing any fish or wildlife (including shellfish and fishery products) unless he/she
marks each container or package conspicuously on the outside with both the name and address of the shipper and
consignee. An accurate and legible list of its contents by species scientific name and the number of each species
and whether or not the listed species are venomous must accompany the entire shipment.
[61 FR 31870, June 21, 1996]
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§14.82 Alternatives and exceptions to the marking
requirement.
(a) The requirements of §14.81 may be met by complying with one of the following alternatives to the marking
requirement:
(1)(i) Conspicuously marking the outside of each container or package containing fish or wildlife with the word
“fish” or “wildlife” as appropriate for its contents, or with the common name of its contents by species, and
(ii) Including an invoice, packing list, bill of lading, or similar document to accompany the shipment which
accurately states the name and address of the shipper and consignee, states the total number of packages or
containers in the shipment, and for each species in the shipment specifies:
(A) The common name that identifies the species (examples include: Chinook (or king) salmon; bluefin tuna; and
whitetail deer) and whether or not the listed species is venomous; and
(B) The number of that species (or other appropriate measure of quantity such as gross or net weight).
The invoice, packing list, bill of lading, or equivalent document must be securely attached to the outside of one
container or package in the shipment or otherwise physically accompany the shipment in a manner which makes it
readily accessible for inspection; or
(2) Affixing the shipper's wildlife import/export license number preceded by the three letters “FWS” on the outside
of each container or package containing fish or wildlife, if the shipper has valid wildlife import/export license issued
under authority of 50 CFR part 14. For each shipment marked in accordance with this paragraph, the records
maintained under §14.93(c) must include a copy of the invoice, packing list, bill of lading, or other similar document
that accurately states the information required by paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section.
(3) In the case of subcontainers or packages within a larger packing container, only the outermost container must
be marked in accordance with this section. Except, that for live fish or wildlife that are packed in subcontainers
within a larger packing container, if the subcontainers are numbered or labeled, the packing list, invoice, bill or
lading, or other similar document, must reflect that number or label. However, each subcontainer containing a
venomous species must be clearly marked as venomous.
(4) A conveyance (truck, plane, boat, etc.) is not considered a container for purposes of requiring specific marking
of the conveyance itself, provided that:
(i) The fish or wildlife within the conveyance is carried loosely or is readily identifiable, and is accompanied by the
document required by paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section, or
(ii) The fish or wildlife is otherwise packaged and marked in accordance with this subpart.
(b) The requirements of §14.81 do not apply to containers or packages containing—
(1) Fox, nutria, rabbit, mink, chinchilla, marten, fisher, muskrat, and karakul that have been bred and born in
captivity, or their products, if a signed statement certifying that the animals were bred and born in captivity
accompanies the shipping documents;
(2) Fish or shellfish contained in retail consumer packages labeled pursuant to the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act,
21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.; or
(3) Fish or shellfish that are landed by, and offloaded from, a fishing vessel (whether or not the catch has been
carried by the fishing vessel interstate), as long as the fish or shellfish remain at the place where first offloaded.
(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1018-0022)
[52 FR 45341, Nov. 27, 1987, as amended at 61 FR 31871, June 21, 1996]
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Subpart I—Import/Export Licenses and Inspection
Fees
Source: 73 FR 74628, Dec. 9, 2008, unless otherwise noted.
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§14.91 When do I need an import/export license?
(a) The Endangered Species Act (16 U.S.C. 1538(d)(1)) makes it unlawful for any person to engage in business as
an importer or exporter of certain fish or wildlife without first having obtained permission from the Secretary. For
the purposes of this subchapter, engage in business means to import or export wildlife for commercial purposes.
(b) Except as provided in §14.92, if you engage in the business of importing or exporting wildlife for commercial
purposes (see §14.4), you must obtain an import/export license prior to importing or exporting your wildlife
shipment.
(c) The following table includes some examples of when an import/export license is required:

If I import into the United States or export from the United States

. . . do I need
an
import/export
license?

(1) Wildlife in the form of products such as garments, bags, shoes, boots, jewelry,
Yes.
rugs, trophies, or curios for commercial purposes
(2) Wildlife in the form of hides, furs, or skins for commercial purposes
Yes.
(3) Wildlife in the form of food for commercial purposes
Yes.
(4) As an animal dealer, animal broker, pet dealer, or pet or laboratory supplier
Yes.
(5) As an individual owner of a personally owned live wildlife pet for personal use
No.
(6) As a collector or hobbyist for personal use
No.
(7) As a collector or hobbyist for commercial purposes, including sale, trade or barter Yes.
(8) As a laboratory researcher or biomedical supplier for commercial purposes
Yes.
(9) As a customs broker or freight forwarder engaged in business as a dispatcher,
handler, consolidator, or transporter of wildlife or if I file documents with the Service No.
on behalf of others
(10) As a common carrier engaged in business as a transporter of wildlife
No.
(11) As a taxidermist, outfitter, or guide importing or exporting my own hunting
Yes.
trophies for commercial purposes
(12) As a taxidermist, outfitter, or guide transporting or shipping hunting trophies for
No.
clients or customers
(13) As a U.S. taxidermist receiving a U.S. client's personal hunting trophies after
No.
import clearance for processing
(14) As a U.S. taxidermist importing wildlife from or exporting wildlife to foreign
Yes.
owners who are requesting my services
(15) As a foreign owner of wildlife exporting my personal hunting trophies from the
No.
United States to my home
(16) As a circus for exhibition or resale purposes
Yes.
(17) As a Federal, State, municipal, or tribal agency
No.

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(18) As a public museum, or public scientific or educational institution for
noncommercial research or educational purposes

No.

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§14.92 What are the exemptions to the
import/export license requirement?
(a) Certain wildlife. Any person may engage in business as an importer or exporter of the following types of wildlife
without obtaining an import/export license:
(1) Shellfish (see §10.12 of this chapter) and nonliving fishery products that do not require a permit under parts 16,
17, or 23 of this subchapter, and are imported or exported for purposes of human or animal consumption or taken
in waters under the jurisdiction of the United States or on the high seas for recreational purposes;
(2) Live farm-raised fish and farm-raised fish eggs of species that do not require a permit under parts 16, 17, or 23
of this subchapter, that meet the definition of “bred-in-captivity” as stated in §17.3 of this subchapter and that are
for export only; and
(3) Live aquatic invertebrates of the Class Pelecypoda, commonly known as oysters, clams, mussels, and
scallops, and their eggs, larvae, or juvenile forms, that do not require a permit under parts 16, 17, or 23 of this
subchapter, and are exported only for the purposes of propagation or research related to propagation; and
(4) Pearls that do not require a permit under parts 16, 17, or 23 of this subchapter.
(5)(i) Except as provided in paragraphs (a)(5)(ii) and (iii) of this section, green sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus
droebachiensis, including any products of that species, that:
(A) Do not require a permit under part 16, 17, or 23 of this subchapter;
(B) Are taken in waters under the jurisdiction of the United States or are imported into the United States for
processing pursuant to the licensing requirements of §14.91; and
(C) Are exported for purposes of human or animal consumption.
(ii) The exemption in paragraph (a)(5)(i) of this section does not apply to any person who has been convicted of
one or more violations of a Federal law relating to the importation, transportation, or exportation of wildlife during
the previous 5 years.
(iii) The exemption in paragraph (a)(5)(i) of this section does not apply in any State that does not annually provide
“conservation and management” data, as defined in section 3 of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and
Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1802), to the applicable Marine Fisheries Commission, or, if the State does provide
the “conservation and management” data, and the applicable Marine Fisheries Commission determines, in
consultation with the primary research agency of such Commission, after notice and an opportunity to comment,
that the data fails to prove that the State agency or official is engaged in conservation and management of the
green sea urchin.
(b) Certain persons. (1) The following persons may import or export wildlife without obtaining an import/export
license, provided that these persons keep records that will fully and correctly describe each importation or
exportation of wildlife made by them and the subsequent disposition made by them with respect to the wildlife.
(i) Public museums, or other public, scientific, or educational institutions, importing or exporting wildlife for
noncommercial research or educational purposes; and
(ii) Federal, State, tribal, or municipal agencies.
(2) Subject to applicable limitations of law, duly authorized Service officers at all reasonable times will, upon notice,
be given access to these persons' places of business, an opportunity to examine their inventory of imported
wildlife or the wildlife to be exported, the records described in paragraph (1) of this section, and an opportunity to
copy those records.
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[73 FR 74628, Dec. 9, 2008, as amended at 84 FR 29808, June 25, 2019]
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§14.93 How do I apply for an import/export
license?
(a) Application form. You must submit a completed FWS Form 3-200-3, including the certification found on the
form and in §13.12(a) of this subchapter, to the appropriate regional Special Agent in Charge under the provisions
of this subpart and part 13 of this subchapter.
(b) Import/export license conditions. In addition to the general permit conditions in part 13 of this subchapter, you
must comply with the following conditions:
(1) You must comply with all requirements of this part, all other applicable parts of this subchapter, and any specific
conditions or authorizations described on the face of, or on an annex to, the import/export license;
(2) You must pay all applicable license and inspection fees as required in §14.94;
(3) You are responsible for providing current contact information to us, including a mailing address where you will
receive all official notices the Service sends;
(4) You must keep, in a U.S. location, the following records that completely and correctly describe each import or
export of wildlife that you made under the import/export license and, if applicable, any subsequent disposition that
you made of the wildlife, for a period of 5 years:
(i) A general description of the wildlife, such as “live,” “raw hides,” “fur garments,” “leather goods,” “footwear,” or
“jewelry”;
(ii) The quantity of the wildlife, in numbers, weight, or other appropriate measure;
(iii) The common and scientific names of the wildlife;
(iv) The country of origin of the wildlife, if known, as defined in §10.12 of this subchapter;
(v) The date and place the wildlife was imported or exported;
(vi) The date of the subsequent disposition, if applicable, of the wildlife and the manner of the subsequent
disposition, whether by sale, barter, consignment, loan, delivery, destruction, or other means;
(vii) The name, address, telephone, and e-mail address, if known, of the person or business who received the
wildlife;
(viii) Copies of all permits required by the laws and regulations of the United States; and
(ix) Copies of all permits required by the laws of any country of export, re-export, or origin of the wildlife.
(5) You must, upon notice, provide authorized Service officers with access to your place(s) of business at all
reasonable times and give us an opportunity to examine your inventory of imported wildlife or the wildlife to be
exported, the records required to be kept by paragraph (b)(4) of this section, and an opportunity to copy these
records subject to applicable limitations of the law;
(6) You must submit a report containing the information you must keep in paragraph (b)(4) of this section within 30
days of receiving a written request from us; and
(7) An import/export license gives you general permission to engage in business as an importer or exporter of
wildlife. An import/export license is in addition to, and does not supersede, any other license, permit, or
requirement established by Federal, State, or tribal law for the import or export of wildlife.
(c) Duration of import/export license. Any import/export license issued under this section expires on the date
shown on the face of the import/export license. In no case will the import/export license be valid for more than 1
year after the date of issuance.
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(d) Issuance, denial, suspension, revocation, or renewal of import/export license. We may deny, suspend, revoke,
restrict, or deny renewal of an import/export license to any person named as the holder, or a principal officer or
agent of the holder, under any of the criteria described in part 13 of this chapter or under the following criteria:
(1) Failure to pay fees, penalties, or costs required by this part;
(2) You repeatedly fail to notify our Service officers at the appropriate port at least 48 hours prior to the estimated
time of arrival of a live or perishable wildlife shipment under §14.54(a) or at least 48 hours prior to the estimated
time of exportation of any wildlife under §14.54(f);
(3) You repeatedly import or export certain types of wildlife without meeting the requirements of this part or other
applicable parts of this subchapter.
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§14.94 What fees apply to me?
(a) Import/export license application fees. You must pay the application and amendment fees, as defined in
§13.11(d)(4), for any required import/export license processed under §14.93 and part 13 of this subchapter.
(b) Designated port exception permit application fees. You must pay the application and amendment fees, as
defined in §13.11(d)(4), for any required designated port exception permit processed under subpart C of this part.
(c) Designated port base inspection fees. Except as provided in paragraph (k) of this section, an import/export
license holder must pay a base inspection fee, as defined in §14.94(h)(1), for each wildlife shipment imported or
exported at a designated port or a port acting as a designated port. You can find a list of designated ports in
§14.12 and the criteria that allow certain ports to act as designated ports in §§14.16-14.19, §14.22, and §14.24 of
this part.
(d) Staffed nondesignated port base inspection fees. You must pay a nondesignated port base inspection fee, as
defined in §14.94(h)(2), for each wildlife shipment imported or exported at a staffed nondesignated port, using a
designated port exception permit issued under subpart C of this part. This fee is in place of, not in addition to, the
designated port base fee.
(e) Nonstaffed, nondesignated port base inspection fees. You must pay a nondesignated port base inspection fee,
as defined in §14.94(h)(3), for each wildlife shipment imported or exported at a nonstaffed, nondesignated port
using a designated port exception permit issued under subpart C of this part. You must also pay all travel,
transportation, and per diem costs associated with inspection of the shipment. These fees are in place of, not in
addition to, the designated port base fee. The Service will prorate charges for travel, transportation, and per diem
costs if multiple importers or exporters require inspection at the same time at the same location. All applicable
base and premium fees apply to each shipment.
(f) Premium inspection fees. You must pay a premium inspection fee in addition to any base inspection fees
required in paragraphs (c), (d), and (e) of this section, as defined in §14.94(h)(4), for the following types of
shipments:
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (k) of this section, any shipment containing live or protected species, as
defined in §14.94(h)(4), imported or exported by an import/export license holder at a designated port or a port
acting as a designated port. You can find a list of designated ports in §14.12 and the criteria that allow certain
ports to act as designated ports in §§14.16-14.19, §14.22, and §14.24;
(2) Any shipment containing live or protected species, as defined in §14.94(h)(4), imported or exported via air,
ocean, rail, or truck cargo, by persons not requiring an import/export license under §14.91, at a designated port or
a port acting as a designated port. You can find a list of designated ports in §14.12 and the criteria that allow
certain ports to act as designated ports in §§14.16-14.19, §14.22, and §14.24;
(3) Any shipment containing live or protected species, as defined in §14.94(h)(4), imported or exported at a
nondesignated port using a designated port exception permit issued under subpart C of this part.
(4) You must pay two premium inspection fees in addition to any base inspection fees required in paragraphs (c),
(d), and (e) of this section, as defined in §14.94(h)(4), if your wildlife shipment contains live and protected species.
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(g) Overtime fees. You must pay fees for any inspections, including travel time, that begin before normal working
hours, that extend beyond normal working hours, or are on a Federal holiday, Saturday, or Sunday.
(1) Overtime fees are in addition to any base inspection fees or premium inspection fees required for each
shipment. We will charge these fees regardless of whether or not you have an import/export license.
(2) Our ability to perform inspections during overtime hours will depend upon the availability of Service personnel.
If we cannot perform an inspection during normal working hours, we may give you the option of requesting an
overtime inspection.
(3) The overtime fee is calculated using a 2-hour minimum plus any actual time in excess of the minimum. It
incorporates the actual time to conduct an inspection and the travel time to and from the inspection location.
(4) The Service will charge any overtime, including travel time, in excess of the minimum in quarter-hour
increments of the hourly rate. The Service will round up an inspection time of 10 minutes or more beyond a
quarter-hour increment to the next quarter-hour and will disregard any time over a quarter-hour increment that is
less than 10 minutes.
(5) The Service will charge only one overtime fee when multiple shipments are consigned to or are to be exported
by the same importer or exporter and we inspect all at the same time at one location. The overtime fee will consist
of one 2-hour minimum or the actual time for inspection of all the applicable shipments, whichever is greater. All
applicable base and premium fees will apply to each shipment.
(6) We will charge 1 hour of time at 11⁄2 times the hourly labor rate for inspections beginning less than 1 hour
before normal working hours.
(7) We will charge a minimum of 2 hours of time at an hourly rate of 11⁄2 times the average hourly labor rate for
inspections outside normal working hours, except for inspections performed on a Federal holiday.
(8) We will charge a minimum of 2 hours of time at an hourly rate of 2 times the average hourly labor rate for
inspections performed on a Federal holiday.
(h) Fee schedule.

Fee cost per shipment per year
Inspection fee schedule
(1) Designated port base inspection fee (see §14.94 (c))
(2) Staffed nondesignated port base inspection fee (see
§14.94(d))
(3) Nonstaffed nondesignated port base inspection fee
(see §14.94(e))
(4) Premium inspection fee at any port (see §14.94 (f)):
(i) Protected species. Any species that requires a permit
under parts 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, or 23 of this chapter;
(ii) Live species. Any live wildlife, including live viable
eggs and live pupae
(5) Overtime inspection fee (see §14.94(g)):
(i) Inspections beginning less than 1 hour before normal
work hours
(ii) Inspections after normal work hours, including
Saturday and Sunday. (2 hour minimum charge plus fee
for additional time)
(iii) Inspections on Federal holidays. (2 hour minimum
charge plus fee for additional time)

2008

2009

2010

2011

$85

$87

$89

$91

2012
and
beyond
$93.

$133

$136

$139

$142

$145.

$133

$136

$139

$142

$145.

$19

$37

$56

$74

$93.

$19

$37

$56

$74

$93.

$48

$49

$51

$52

$53.

$96
min. +
$48/hr
$128
min. +
$64/hr

$98
min. +
$49/hr
$131
min.+
$65/hr

$101
min. +
$51/hr
$133
min. +
$67/hr

$103
min. +
$52/hr
$136
min. +
$68/hr

$105
min. +
$53/hr.
$139
min. +
$70/hr.

(i) The Service will not refund any fee or any portion of any license or inspection fee or excuse payment of any fee
because importation, exportation, or clearance of a wildlife shipment is refused for any reason.

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(j) All base inspection fees, premium inspection fees, and overtime fees will apply regardless of whether or not a
physical inspection of your wildlife shipment is performed, and no fees will be prorated except as provided in
paragraphs (e) and (g)(5) of this section.
(k) Exemptions to inspection fees—(1) Certain North American-origin wild mammal furs or skins. Wildlife
shipments that meet all of the following criteria are exempt from the designated port base inspection fee (however,
these shipments are not exempt from the designated port overtime fees or the import/export license application
fee):
(i) The wildlife is a raw fur; raw, salted, or crusted hide or skin; or a separate fur or skin part, lawfully taken from the
wild in the United States, Canada, or Mexico that does not require permits under parts 17, 18, or 23 of this
chapter; and
(ii) You, as the importer or exporter, or a member of your immediate family, such as your spouse, parents, siblings,
and children, took the wildlife from the wild and are shipping the wildlife between the United States and Canada or
Mexico; and
(iii) You have not previously bought or sold the wildlife described in paragraph (k)(1)(i) of this section, and the
shipment does not exceed 100 raw furs; raw, salted, or crusted hides or skins; or fur or skin parts; and
(iv) You certify on Form 3-177, Declaration for Importation or Exportation of Fish or Wildlife, that your shipment
meets all the criteria in this section.
(2) You do not have to pay base inspection fees, premium inspection fees, or overtime fees if you are importing or
exporting wildlife that is exempt from import/export license requirements as defined in §14.92(a) or you are
importing or exporting wildlife as a government agency as defined in §14.92(b)(1)(ii).
(3) You do not have to pay base inspection fees, premium inspection fees, or overtime fees if you are importing or
exporting wildlife that meets the criteria for “domesticated animals” as defined in §14.4.
(4) Fee exemption program for low-risk importations and exportations—(i) Program criteria. Businesses that
require an import/export license under §14.93 may be exempt from the designated port base inspection fee as set
forth in this paragraph (k)(4)(i). To participate in this program, you, the U.S. importer or exporter, must continue to
pay the overtime fees, the nondesignated port base fees, or the import/export license and nondesignated port
application fees, and your business must meet all of the following conditions:
(A) Each shipment does not contain live wildlife.
(B) Each shipment does not contain wildlife that requires a permit or certificate under parts 15, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22,
or 23 of this chapter or is listed under part 16 of this chapter.
(C) Each shipment contains 25 or fewer wildlife parts and products containing wildlife.
(D) Each wildlife shipment is valued at $5,000 or less.
(E) Your business has not been assessed a civil penalty, issued a violation notice, or convicted of any
misdemeanor or felony violations involving the import or export of wildlife.
(F) Your business has had two or fewer wildlife shipments that were refused clearance in the 5 years prior to the
receipt of your request by the Service.
(G) Your business has not previously participated in the program and been removed for failure to meet the criteria.
(ii) Program participation. To participate in the fee exemption program for low-risk importations and exportations,
you must use the Service's electronic declaration filing system (eDecs) and take the following actions:
(A) You must certify that you will exclusively import and export wildlife shipments that meet all the criteria in
paragraph (k)(4)(i) of this section and renew this certification annually. Upon completion of the certification and
review of the criteria by the Service, eDecs will notify you if you have been approved to participate in the program.
(B) You must continue to meet the criteria in paragraph (k)(4)(i) of this section while participating in the program. If
you fail to meet the criteria after approval, you will be removed from the program and must pay all applicable fees.
(C) If approved to participate in the program you must file FWS Form 3-177 and all required accompanying
documents electronically using eDecs for each shipment and meet all other requirements of this part.
[73 FR 74628, Dec. 9, 2008, as amended at 77 FR 65326, Oct. 26, 2012]
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Subpart J—Standards for the Humane and
Healthful Transport of Wild Mammals and Birds to
the United States
Source: 57 FR 27108, June 17, 1992, unless otherwise noted.
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§14.101 Purposes.
The purpose of this subpart is to prescribe requirements necessary to ensure that live wild mammals and birds
shipped to the United States arrive alive, healthy, and uninjured, and that transportation of such animals occurs
under humane and healthful conditions. These regulations implement section 9(d) of the Lacey Act Amendments
of 1981.
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§14.102 Definitions.
In addition to the definitions contained in part 10 of subchapter B of this chapter, in this subpart—
Ambient air temperature means the temperature of the air surrounding a primary enclosure containing a wild
mammal or bird.
Auxiliary ventilation means cooling or air circulation provided by such means as vents, fans, blowers, or air
conditioning.
Carrier means any person operating an airline, railroad, motor carrier, shipping line, or other enterprise engaged in
the business of transporting any wild mammal or bird for any purpose including exhibition and for any person,
including itself.
Communicable disease means any contagious, infectious, or transmissible disease of wild mammals or birds.
Conveyance means any vehicle, vessel, or aircraft employed to transport an animal between its origin and
destination.
Do not tip means do not excessively rock or otherwise move from a vertical to a slanting position, knock over, or
upset.
Handle means feed, manipulate, crate, shift, transfer, immobilize, restrain, treat, or otherwise control the
movement or activities of any wild mammal or bird.
Holding area means a designated area at or within a terminal facility that has been specially prepared to provide
shelter and other requirements of wild mammals or birds being transported to the United States and in which such
mammals or birds are maintained prior to, during, or following such shipment.

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Kept clean means maintained free from dirt, trash, refuse, excreta, remains from other cargo, and impurities of any
type.
Marine mammal means an individual of a species of the orders Cetacea, Pinnipedia, or Sirenia, or a polar bear
(Ursus maritimus) or sea otter (Enhydra lutris).
Noncompatible means not capable of existing together in harmony.
Nonhuman primate means any nonhuman member of the order Primates.
Normal rigors of transportation means the stress that a wild animal can be expected to experience as a result of
exposure to unaccustomed surroundings, unfamiliar confinement, caging, unfamiliar sounds, motion, and other
conditions commonly encountered during transport.
Primary enclosure means any structure used to restrict a mammal or bird to a limited amount of space, such as a
cage, room, pen, run, stall, pool, or hutch.
Professionally accepted standards means a level of practice established as acceptable by a body of qualified
persons of the veterinary medical profession.
Psychological trauma means an episode of exposure to stressful conditions resulting in significant behavioral
abnormality including, but not limited to, manifestations of unaccustomed aggressiveness, self-mutilation, or
refusal of food or water.
Raptor means a live migratory bird of the order Falconiformes or the order Strigiformes.
Sanitize means to make physically clean and, as far as possible, free of toxic or infectious agents injurious to the
health of wild mammals or birds.
Scheduled departure time means the time listed on a timetable of departures and arrivals or, in the absence of a
timetable, the time of departure agreed to by a carrier and shipper.
Shipper means any person, other than a carrier, involved in the transport of wild animals to the United States
regardless of the purpose of such transport; e.g., exporter, importer, or agent.
Terrestrial mammals means mammals other than marine mammals.
Transport means to move, convey, carry, or ship by any means, or to deliver or receive for the purpose of
movement, carriage, or shipment, by air, land, or sea.
Transporting device means any vehicle or device used to transport an animal between a conveyance and a
terminal facility, in and around a terminal facility of a carrier, or within a conveyance.
Unweaned means a bird or mammal incapable of feeding itself independently.
Wild means the same as fish or wildlife, as defined in §10.12 of this chapter.
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§14.103 Prohibitions.
Unless the requirements of this subpart are fully satisfied and all other legal requirements are met, it is unlawful for
any person to transport to the United States, cause to be transported to the United States, or allow to be
transported to the United States any live wild mammal or bird. It shall be unlawful for any person to import, to
transport, or to cause or permit to be transported to the United States any wild mammal or bird under inhumane or
unhealthful conditions or in violation of this subpart J.
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§14.104 Translations.
Any certificate or document required by this subpart to accompany a mammal or bird transported to the United
States and written in a foreign language must be accompanied by an accurate English translation.
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§14.105 Consignment to carrier.
(a) No carrier shall accept any live wild mammal or bird for transport to the United States that has not been
examined within 10 days prior to commencement of transport to the United States by a veterinarian certified as
qualified by the national government of the initial country from which the mammal or bird is being exported. If the
national government of such country does not certify veterinarians, then the veterinarian must be certified or
licensed by a local government authority designated by the national government as authorized to certify
veterinarians.
(b)(1) A certificate of veterinary medical inspection, signed by the examining veterinarian, stating that the animal
has been examined, is healthy, appears to be free of any communicable disease, and is able to withstand the
normal rigors of transport must accompany the mammal or bird; the certificate should include the veterinarian's
license number, certification number, or equivalent. A mammal in the last third of its pregnancy, if this is detectable
using professionally accepted standards, shall not be accepted for transport to the United States except for
medical treatment and unless the examining veterinarian certifies in writing that the animal has been examined,
the state of pregnancy has been evaluated, and that, despite the medical condition requiring treatment, the animal
is physically able to withstand the normal rigors of transportation to the United States.
(2) A nursing mother with young, an unweaned mammal unaccompanied by its mother, or an unweaned bird shall
be transported only if the primary purpose is for needed medical treatment and upon certification in writing by the
examining veterinarian that the treatment is necessary and the animal is able to withstand the normal rigors of
transport. Such an unweaned mammal or bird shall not be transported to the United States for medical treatment
unless it is accompanied at all times by and completely accessible to a veterinary attendant.
(c) A sick or injured wild mammal or bird shall be permitted transport to the United States only if the primary
purpose of such transport is for needed medical treatment and upon certification in writing by the examining
veterinarian that the treatment is necessary and the animal is able to withstand the normal rigors of travel in its
present condition. A sick or injured animal shall be accompanied at all times throughout the transport process by a
veterinary attendant qualified to care for and treat it, with continuous access to the animal. This individual shall be
in possession of or have ready access to all medications to be administered during the transport.
(d) No carrier shall accept any wild mammal or bird for transport to the United States presented by the shipper less
than 2 hours or more than 6 hours prior to the scheduled departure of the conveyance on which it is to be
transported. The carrier shall notify the crew of the presence of live animal shipments.
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§14.106 Primary enclosures.
No carrier shall accept for transport to the United States any live wild mammal or bird in a primary enclosure that
does not conform to the following requirements:
(a) The Container Requirements of the Live Animal Regulations (LAR), 20th edition, October 1, 1993, published by
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the International Air Transport Association (IATA) shall be complied with by all parties transporting wild mammals
or birds to the United States. The incorporation by reference of the LAR was approved by the Director of the
Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies may be obtained from IATA, 2000
Peel St., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2R4. Copies may be inspected at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Headquarters (see 50 CFR 2.1(b) for address) or at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).
For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go
to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.
(b) A primary enclosure shall be constructed so that—
(1) The strength of the enclosure is sufficient to contain the mammal or bird and to withstand the normal effects of
transport;
(2) The interior of the enclosure is free from any protrusion that could be injurious to the mammal or bird within;
(3) No part of the animal can extend or protrude outside of the primary enclosure which may result in injury to the
contained animal, to nearby persons or animals, or to handlers of the primary enclosure;
(4) Access to the primary enclosure is closed and secured with an animal-proof device designed to prevent
accidental opening and release of the mammal or bird;
(5) The opening of the enclosure is easily accessible for either emergency removal or inspection of the mammal or
bird by authorized personnel without the risk of escape of the mammal or bird;
(6) The enclosure has sufficient openings to ensure adequate circulation of air at all times.
(7) The material of which the primary enclosure is constructed is not treated with any paint, preservative, or other
chemical that is injurious or otherwise harmful to the health or well-being of mammals and birds.
(c) Unless the enclosure is permanently affixed in the conveyance or has an open top for certain large mammals,
spacer bars allowing circulation of air around the enclosure shall be fitted to the exterior of its top, sides, and base.
Spacer bars on an enclosure need extend no more than 6 inches (15 centimeters) from the surface of the
enclosure. Within this 6 inch limit, the spacers on an enclosure containing one animal shall extend a distance
equal to at least 10 percent of the longer dimension of the surface to which they are attached, and the spacers on
an enclosure containing more than one animal shall extend a distance equal to at least 20 percent of the longer
dimension of the surface to which they are attached. Hand-holds may serve as spacer bars for the sides of the
enclosure to which they are attached. A primary enclosure constructed with one or more slanted or curved walls
containing ventilation openings need not be fitted with spacer bars on such walls.
(d) An enclosure that is not permanently affixed within the conveyance shall have adequate hand-holds or other
devices for lifting by hand or to facilitate lifting and carrying by machine. Such hand-holds or other devices shall be
made an integral part of the enclosure, shall enable it to be lifted without excessive tipping, and shall be designed
so that the person handling the enclosure will not come in contact with the animals contained therein.
(e) An enclosure shall have a solid, leak-proof bottom or removable, leak-proof collection tray under a slatted or
wire mesh floor. The slatted or wire mesh floor shall be designed and constructed so that the spaces between the
slats or the holes in the mesh cannot trap the limbs of animals contained within the enclosure. An enclosure for
mammals shall contain unused absorbent litter on the solid bottom or in the leak-proof tray in sufficient quantity to
absorb and cover excreta. This litter shall be safe and nontoxic and shall not resemble food normally consumed by
the mammals. An enclosure used to transport marine mammals in water, in a waterproof enclosure, a sling, or on
foam is exempt from the requirement to contain litter. An enclosure used to transport birds shall not contain litter,
unless it is specified in writing by the examining veterinarian as medically necessary.
(f) If an enclosure has been previously used to transport or store wild mammals or birds, it shall have been
cleaned and sanitized in a manner that will destroy pathogenic agents and pests injurious to the health of
mammals and birds before the enclosure can be re-used.
(g) An enclosure that is not permanently affixed in the conveyance shall be clearly marked in English on the
outside of the top and one or more sides of the enclosure, in letters not less than 2.5 centimeters (1 inch) in height,
“Live Animals” or “Wild Animals”, “Do Not Tip,” “Only Authorized Personnel May Open Container,” and other
appropriate or required instructions. All enclosure sides shall also be conspicuously marked on the outside with
arrows to indicate the correct upright position of the enclosure. These arrows should extend up the sides of the
enclosure so that the point of the arrow is visible and clearly indicates the top of the enclosure.
(h) Food and water instructions as specified in §14.108, information regarding what constitutes obvious signs of
stress in the species being transported, and information about any drugs or medication to be administered by the
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p
g
p
y
g
y
accompanying veterinary attendant shall be securely attached to each enclosure. Copies of shipping documents
accompanying the shipment shall also be securely attached to the primary enclosure. Original documents shall be
carried in the carrier's pouch or manifest container or by the shipper's attendant accompanying the wild mammal
or bird.
(i) Any food and water troughs shall be securely attached to the interior of the enclosure in such a manner that the
troughs can be filled from outside the enclosure. Any opening providing access to a trough shall be capable of
being securely closed with an animal-proof device. A water trough in an enclosure containing birds shall contain a
foam or sponge insert, a perforated wooden block, or other suitable device to prevent spillage or drowning.
(j) When a primary enclosure is permanently affixed within a conveyance so that its front opening is the only
source of ventilation, the opening shall face the outside of the conveyance or an unobstructed aisle or passageway
within the conveyance. Such an aisle or passageway shall be at least 12 inches (30 centimeters) wide. The
opening in the primary enclosure shall occupy at least 90 percent of the total surface area of the front wall of the
enclosure and be covered with bars or wire mesh.
[57 FR 27108, June 17, 1992, as amended at 59 FR 36719, July 19, 1994; 69 FR 18803, Apr. 9, 2004; 79 FR
43964, July 29, 2014]
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§14.107 Conveyance.
(a) The animal cargo space of a conveyance used to transport wild mammals or birds to the United States shall be
designed, constructed, and maintained so as to ensure the humane and healthful transport of the animals.
(b) The cargo space shall be constructed and maintained so as to prevent the harmful ingress of engine exhaust
fumes and gases produced by the conveyance.
(c) No wild mammal or bird shall be placed in a cargo space of a conveyance that does not provide sufficient air
for it to breathe normally. Primary enclosures shall be positioned in a cargo space in such a manner that each
animal has access to sufficient air for normal breathing.
(d) The interior of an animal cargo space shall be kept clean of disease-causing agents.
(e) A wild mammal or bird shall not be transported in a cargo space that contains any material, substance, or
device that may reasonably be expected to result in inhumane conditions or be injurious to the animal's health
unless all reasonable precautions are taken to prevent such conditions or injury.
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§14.108 Food and water.
(a) No carrier shall accept any wild mammal or bird for transport to the United States unless written instructions
from the shipper concerning the animal's food and water requirements are securely affixed to the outside of its
primary enclosure. Such instructions shall be consistent with professionally accepted standards of care and
include specifically the quantity of water required, the amount and type of food required, and the frequency of
feeding and watering necessary to ensure that the animal is transported humanely and healthfully.
(b) A mammal or bird requiring drinking water shall have uncontaminated water suitable for drinking made
available to it at all times prior to commencement of transport to the United States, during intermediate stopovers,
and upon arrival in the United States, or as directed by the shipper's written instructions.

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(c) A mammal or bird that obtains moisture from fruits or other food shall be provided such food prior to
commencement of transport to the United States, during stopovers, and upon arrival in the United States, or as
directed by the shipper's written instructions.
(d) During a stopover or while still in the custody of the carrier after arrival in the United States, a mammal or bird
in transit shall be observed no less frequently than once every four hours and given food and water according to
the instructions required by §14.108(a).
(e) Suitable and sufficient food shall be made available during transport.
(f) Additional requirements for feeding and watering particular kinds of animals are found below in the
specifications for the various groups.
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§14.109 Care in transit.
(a) During transportation to the United States, including any stopovers during transport, the carrier shall visually
inspect each primary enclosure not less than once every 4 hours, or in the case of air transport, every 4 hours
whenever the cargo hold is accessible. During such inspections, the carrier shall verify that the ambient air
temperature is within allowable limits (see §14.109(b)), that enclosures have not been damaged, that adequate
ventilation is being provided, and when transport is by air, that air pressure suitable to support live animals is
maintained within the cargo area (pressure equivalent to a maximum altitude of 8000 feet). During these
observations the carrier shall also determine whether any animals are in obvious distress as described in
documents attached to the enclosure. The absence of such a document or the absence of information as to signs
of distress shall not remove this responsibility. The carrier shall attempt to correct any condition causing distress
and shall consult the shipper concerning any possible need for veterinary care if no veterinary attendant is
traveling with the shipment; if the shipper cannot be reached in the case of an emergency, qualified veterinary care
should be provided. A veterinarian or qualified attendant traveling with the shipment shall be provided access to
the animal.
(b) Unless otherwise specified in writing by the examining veterinarian the ambient air temperature in a holding
area, transporting device, conveyance or terminal facility containing mammals or birds shall not be allowed to fall
below 12.8 degrees C (55 degrees F) nor to exceed 26.7 degrees C (80 degrees F). Auxiliary ventilation shall be
provided when the ambient air temperature is 23.9 degrees C (75 degrees F) or higher. In the case of penguins
and auks, the ambient air temperature shall not be allowed to exceed 18.3 degrees C (65 degrees F) at any time,
and auxiliary ventilation shall be provided when the ambient air temperature exceeds 15.6 degrees C (60 degrees
F). In the case of polar bears and sea otters, ambient air temperature shall not be allowed to exceed 10 degrees C
(50 degrees F).
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§14.110 Terminal facilities.
(a) Any terminal facility used for wild mammal or bird transport in the country of export, stopover countries, or the
United States shall contain an animal holding area or areas. No carrier or shipper shall co-mingle live animal
shipments with inanimate cargo in an animal holding area.
(b) A carrier or shipper holding any wild mammal or bird in a terminal facility shall provide the following:
(1) A holding area cleaned and sanitized so as to destroy pathogenic agents, maintained so that there is no
accumulation of debris or excreta, and in which vermin infestation is minimized;
(2) An effective program for the control of insects, ectoparasites, and pests of mammals or birds;
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(3) Sufficient fresh air to allow the animals to breathe normally with ventilation maintained so as to minimize drafts,
odors, and moisture condensation;
(4) Ambient air temperatures maintained within prescribed limits as specified in §14.109(b).
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§14.111 Handling.
(a) Care shall be exercised to avoid handling the primary enclosure in a manner likely to cause physical or
psychological trauma to the mammal or bird.
(b) A primary enclosure used to move any mammal or bird shall not be dropped, tipped excessively, or otherwise
mishandled, and shall not be stacked or placed in a manner that may reasonably be expected to result in its falling
or being tipped.
(c) Animals incompatible with one another shall not be crated together or held in close proximity.
(d) Transport of mammals or birds to the United States shall be accomplished by the carrier in the most
expeditious manner, with the fewest stopovers possible, and without unnecessary delays.
(e) Consistent with other procedures and requirements of the carrier, live wild mammals or birds shall be last
loaded and first unloaded from a conveyance.
(f) A carrier shall not allow mammals or birds to remain for extended periods of time outside a holding area and
shall move them between a holding area and a conveyance as expeditiously as possible. A carrier or shipper
maintaining mammals or birds in a holding area, or transporting them to or from a holding area or between a
holding area and a conveyance, shall provide the following:
(1) Shelter from sunlight. When sunlight is likely to cause overheating or discomfort, sufficient shade shall be
provided to protect animals from the direct rays of the sun.
(2) Shelter from precipitation. Animals shall be provided protection so that they remain dry during rain, snow, or
other forms of precipitation.
(3) Shelter from cold. Animals shall be provided protection from cold. Protection shall include, but not be limited to,
that provided by covering and/or heating of transporting devices, holding areas, conveyances or terminal facilities.
(4) Protection from harassment. Animals shall be protected from disturbances, including, but not limited to,
harassment by humans, other animals, or machinery that makes noise, emits fumes, heat, or light, or causes
vibration.
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§14.112 Other applicable provisions.
In addition to the provisions of §§14.101-14.111, the requirements of §§14.121-14.172 applicable for particular
groups of animals shall be met for all shipments of wild mammals and birds covered by this part.
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Specifications for Nonhuman Primates
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§14.121 Primary enclosures.
(a) No more than one primate shall be transported in a primary enclosure. However, a mother and her nursing
young being transported to the United States for medical treatment, an established male-female pair, a family
group, a pair of juvenile animals that have not reached puberty, or other pairs of animals that have been habitually
housed together may be shipped in the same primary enclosure. Primates of different species shall not be shipped
together in the same enclosure.
(b) A primary enclosure used to transport a primate shall be large enough to ensure that the animal has sufficient
space to turn around freely in a normal manner, lie down, stand up (as appropriate for the species), and sit in a
normal upright position without its head touching the top of the enclosure. However, a primate may be restricted in
its movements according to professionally accepted standards of care when greater freedom of movement would
constitute a danger to the primate or to its handler or other persons.
(c) Except as provided in §14.106(j), ventilation openings must be located on at least two walls of a primary
enclosure. When the required ventilation openings are located on two opposite walls of the primary enclosure,
these ventilation openings shall comprise at least 30 percent of the total surface area of the ventilated wall and be
situated above the midline of the enclosure. If ventilation openings are located on all four walls of the enclosure,
the openings on each wall shall comprise at least 20 percent of the total surface area of the wall and be situated
above the midline of the primary enclosure.
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§14.122 Food and water.
(a) A nonhuman primate shall be provided water suitable for drinking within 4 hours prior to commencement of
transport to the United States unless the shipper's written instructions direct otherwise. A carrier shall provide
suitable drinking water to any primate at least every 12 hours after acceptance for transport to the United States,
unless instructed in writing to do so more frequently by the shipper.
(b) After acceptance for transport, and unless otherwise instructed in writing by the shipper, a carrier shall provide
suitable food to any nonhuman primate at least once every 12 hours.
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§14.123 Care in transit.
(a) A primate shall be observed for signs of distress and given food and water according to the shipper's
instructions during any intermediate stop that lasts more than 4 hours.
(b) Care shall be taken to keep enclosures containing primates sufficiently separated in the conveyance or holding
area to minimize the risk of spread of disease from one species or shipment to another.
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Specifications for Marine Mammals (Cetaceans,
Sirenians, Sea Otters, Pinnipeds, and Polar Bears)
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§14.131 Primary enclosures.
(a) A primary enclosure that is not open on top shall have air inlets situated at heights that provide cross ventilation
at all levels and that are located on all four sides of the enclosure. Such ventilation openings shall comprise not
less than 20 percent of the total surface area of each side of the enclosure.
(b) Straps, slings, harnesses, or other such devices used for body support or restraint when transporting marine
mammals such as cetaceans or sirenians shall meet the following requirements:
(1) The devices shall not prevent attendants from having access to the mammal to administer care during
transportation;
(2) The devices shall be equipped with sufficient padding to prevent trauma or injury at points of contact with the
mammal's body;
(3) Slings or harnesses shall allow free movement of flippers outside of the harness or sling;
(4) The devices shall be capable of preventing the mammal from thrashing about and causing injury to itself,
handlers, or other persons, but shall be designed so as not to cause injury to the mammal.
(c) A primary enclosure used to transport marine mammals shall be large enough to assure the following:
(1) A sea otter or polar bear has sufficient space to turn about freely with all four feet on the floor and to sit in an
upright position, stand, or lie in a natural position;
(2) A pinniped has sufficient space to lie in a natural position;
(3) If a sling, harness, or other supporting device is used, there are at least 3 inches (7.5 centimeters) of clearance
between any body part and the primary enclosure;
(d) A marine mammal may be restricted in its movements according to professionally accepted standards of care
when freedom of movement would constitute a danger to the animal or to handlers or other persons.
(e) All marine mammals contained in a given primary enclosure shall be of the same species and be maintained in
compatible groups. A marine mammal that has not reached puberty shall not be transported in the same primary
enclosure with an adult marine mammal other than its mother. Socially dependent animals (e.g., siblings, mother,
and offspring) transported in the same conveyance shall be allowed visual and, when appropriate for the species,
olfactory contact. A female marine mammal shall not be transported in the same primary enclosure with any
mature male marine mammal.
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§14.132 Food and water.
A marine mammal shall not be transported for more than a period of 36 hours without being offered suitable food
unless the shipper's written instructions or the shipper's attendant travelling with the mammal direct otherwise.
After feeding, a marine mammal shall be rested for 6 hours prior to resuming transport.
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§14.133 Care in transit.
(a) Any marine mammal shall be accompanied, in the same conveyance, by the shipper or an authorized
representative of the shipper knowledgeable in marine mammal care to provide for the animal's health and wellbeing. The shipper or representative shall observe such marine mammals to determine whether or not they need
veterinary care and shall provide or obtain any needed veterinary care as soon as possible. Care during transport
shall include the following (on a species-specific basis):
(1) Keeping the skin moist or preventing the drying of the skin by such methods as covering with wet cloths,
spraying it with water or applying a nontoxic emollient;
(2) Assuring that the pectoral flippers (when applicable) are allowed freedom of movement at all times;
(3) Making adjustments in the position of the mammal when necessary to prevent necrosis of the skin at weight
pressure points; and
(4) Calming the mammal to prevent struggling, thrashing, and other activity that may cause overheating or physical
trauma.
(b) Unless otherwise directed by a shipper or authorized representative, at least one-half of the floor area in a
primary enclosure used to transport sea otters to the United States shall contain sufficient crushed ice or ice water
to provide each otter with moisture necessary to maintain its hair coat by preventing it from drying and to minimize
soiling of the hair coat with urine and fecal material.
(c) A marine mammal exhibiting excited or otherwise dangerous behavior shall not be taken from its primary
enclosure except under extreme emergency conditions and then only by the shipper or other authorized individual
who is capable of handling the animal safely.
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Specifications for Elephants and Ungulates
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§14.141 Consignment to carrier.
Species that grow antlers shall not be accepted for transport unless the antlers have been shed or surgically
removed.
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§14.142 Primary enclosures.
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(a) Except as provided in §14.106(j), ventilation openings must be located on at least two walls of a primary
enclosure. When the required ventilation openings are located on two opposite walls of the primary enclosure,
these ventilation openings shall comprise at least 16 percent of the total surface area of each ventilated wall.
When ventilation openings are located on all four walls of the primary enclosure, the openings shall comprise at
least 8 percent of the total surface area of each wall. At least one-third of the minimum area required for ventilation
shall be located on the lower one-half of the primary enclosure and at least one-third of the total minimum area
required for ventilation shall be located on the upper one-half of the primary enclosure.
(b) No more than one elephant or ungulate shall be transported in a primary enclosure, except that: a mother and
nursing young may be shipped in the same primary enclosure if the shipment complies with the provisions of
§14.105(b); in the case of land or sea transport, a pair of juvenile elephants or ungulates or other pairs that have
been habitually housed together may be shipped in the same primary enclosure.
(c) A primary enclosure used to transport an elephant or ungulate shall be large enough to allow the animal to lie
or stand in a natural upright position with the head extended, but not large enough for the animal to roll over.
(d) A primary enclosure used to transport an elephant or ungulate with horns or tusks shall be designed and
constructed to prevent the horns or tusks from becoming trapped or injuring the animal itself, other animals nearby,
attendants, or cargo handlers.
(e) A primary enclosure for an elephant or ungulate shall be equipped with a removable water trough that can be
securely hung within the enclosure above the floor and can be filled from outside the enclosure.
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Specifications for Sloths, Bats, and Flying Lemurs
(Cynocephalidae)
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§14.151 Primary enclosures.
(a) Except as provided in §14.106(j), ventilation openings must be located on at least two walls of a primary
enclosure. When the required ventilation openings are located on two opposite walls of the primary enclosure,
these ventilation openings shall comprise at least 16 percent of the total surface area of the ventilated wall. When
ventilation openings are located on all four walls, the openings shall comprise at least 8 percent of the total surface
area of each wall. At least one-third of the total minimum area required for ventilation of the primary enclosure
shall be located on the upper one-half of the primary enclosure.
(b) No more than one sloth, bat, or flying lemur (Cynocephalidae) shall be transported in a primary enclosure.
However, a mother and her nursing young being transported for medical reasons, an established male-female pair,
a family group, a pair of juvenile animals that have not reached puberty, or other small groups of animals that have
been habitually housed together may be shipped in the same primary enclosure.
(c) A primary enclosure used to transport sloths, bats, or flying lemurs shall be large enough to ensure that each
animal has sufficient space to move freely and in a normal manner and shall have a wide perch, bar, or mesh of
suitable strength fitted under the top of the enclosure and spaced from it in such a way that the animals may hang
from it freely in a natural position.
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Specifications for Other Terrestrial Mammals
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§14.161 Primary enclosures.
(a) Except as provided in §14.106(j), ventilation openings must be located on at least two walls of a primary
enclosure. When the required ventilation openings are located on two opposite walls of the primary enclosure,
these ventilation openings shall comprise at least 16 percent of the total surface area of each ventilated wall.
When openings are located on all four walls of the enclosure, the openings shall comprise at least 8 percent of the
total surface area of each wall. At least one-third of the minimum area required for ventilation shall be located on
the lower one-half of the enclosure, and at least one-third of the total minimum area required for ventilation shall
be located on the upper one-half of the enclosure.
(b) No more than one terrestrial mammal (other than rodents) shall be transported in a primary enclosure.
However, a mother and her nursing young may be shipped in the same primary enclosure if the shipment complies
with the provisions of §14.105(b).
(c) More than one rodent may be transported in the same primary enclosure if they are members of the same
species and are maintained in compatible groups. Rodents that are incompatible shall be transported in individual
primary enclosures that are stored and transported so they are visually separated. A female with young being
transported for medical reasons shall not be placed in a primary enclosure with other animals. The following chart
specifies maximum densities minimum space for transporting rodents that fall within the specified weight
limitations. Max. No. refers to maximum number per primary enclosure; Space/animal refers to minimum area of
floor space per animals. Rodents weighing more than 5,000 grams shall be transported in individual enclosures.
Density Guidelines for Rodents

Space/Animal
cm2
in2

Max. No.
wt. in grams of rodent:
220 or less
220-450
450-1000
1,000-5,000

20
12
6
2

194
388
770
2,310

Ht. of Box
cm
in
30
60
120
360

15
20
25
30

6
8
10
12

(d) A primary enclosure used to transport terrestrial mammals shall be large enough to ensure that each animal
has sufficient space to turn around freely in a normal manner. The height of the primary enclosure shall provide
adequate space for the animal to stand upright in a normal posture with space above its head. The length of the
primary enclosure shall be great enough to enable the animal to lie in a full prone position.
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Specifications for Birds
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§14.171 Consignment to carrier.
(a) A personally owned pet bird originally transported from the United States and being returned to this country
with its original United States certificate of veterinary inspection within 60 days of departure may be accepted by a
carrier without a new veterinary examination.

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(b) No carrier shall accept for transport to the United States any bird that was captured in the wild unless a
qualified veterinarian, authorized by the national government of the country from which the bird is being exported,
certifies that the bird has been held in captivity for at least 14 days.
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§14.172 Primary enclosures.
(a) A primary enclosure for birds shall have ventilation openings on two vertical sides that comprise at least 16
percent of the surface area of each side and are positioned so as to decrease the likelihood of creating a draft.
(b) Perches shall be provided for birds that rest by perching. The diameter of the perch shall be sufficient to permit
the birds to maintain a firm, comfortable grip. Perches shall be placed so that droppings do not fall into food or
water troughs or onto other perched birds. There shall be enough head room to allow the birds to move onto and
off the perches without touching the top of the enclosure.
(c) An enclosure used to transport one or more birds that rest by perching shall be large enough to ensure that
sufficient perch space is available for all birds to perch comfortably at the same time. No more than 50 birds that
rest by perching shall be transported in one primary enclosure, with the exception of large birds (longer than 23
cm, or 9 inches), which are limited to a maximum of 25 per primary enclosure.
(d) A primary enclosure used to transport a raptorial bird shall be large enough to transport the bird comfortably
and to permit it to turn around without stretching its wings to the fullest extent. Only one raptorial bird shall be
contained in a primary enclosure.
(e) A primary enclosure containing nonraptorial birds that do not rest by perching shall be large enough for the
birds to turn around, to lie down, to stand erect, and to change posture in a normal manner.
(f) Nectar-feeding birds shall either be transported in a primary enclosure equipped with feeding bottles accessible
from outside the enclosure for replenishment or hand-carried and fed in accordance with the written instructions of
the shipper.
(g) Birds transported in the same primary enclosure shall be of the same species and be compatible with one
another. Birds that are incompatible shall be placed in individual primary enclosures and these enclosures shall not
be stored or transported in visual proximity to one another.
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Subpart K—Captive Wildlife Safety Act
Source: 72 FR 45946, Aug. 16, 2007, unless otherwise noted.
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§14.250 What is the purpose of these regulations?
The regulations in this subpart implement the Captive Wildlife Safety Act (CWSA), 117 Stat. 2871, which amended
the Lacey Act Amendments of 1981, 16 U.S.C. 3371-3378, by adding paragraphs 2(g), 3(a)(2)(C), and 3(e) (16
U.S.C. 3371, 3372).
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§14.251 What other regulations may apply?
The provisions of this subpart are in addition to, and are not in place of, other regulations of this subchapter B that
may require a permit or describe additional restrictions or conditions for the importation, exportation,
transportation, sale, receipt, acquisition, or purchase of wildlife in interstate or foreign commerce.
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§14.252 What definitions do I need to know?
In addition to the definitions contained in part 10 of this subchapter, and unless the context otherwise requires, in
this subpart:
Accredited wildlife sanctuary means a facility that cares for live specimens of one or more of the prohibited wildlife
species and:
(1) Is approved by the United States Internal Revenue Service as a corporation that is exempt from taxation under
§501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, which is described in §§501(c)(3) and 170(b)(1)(A)(vi) of that code;
(2) Does not commercially trade in prohibited wildlife species, including offspring, parts, and products;
(3) Does not propagate any of the prohibited wildlife species; and
(4) Does not allow any direct contact between the public and the prohibited wildlife species.
Direct contact means any situation in which any individual other than an authorized keeper or caregiver may
potentially touch or otherwise come into physical contact with any live specimen of the prohibited wildlife species.
Licensed person means any individual, facility, agency, or other entity that holds a valid license from and is
inspected by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) under the
Animal Welfare Act (AWA) (7 U.S.C. 2131 et seq.) (See definition of “licensee” in 9 CFR 1.1.).
Prohibited wildlife species means a specimen of any of the following eight species: Lion (Panthera leo), tiger
(Panthera tigris), leopard (Panthera pardus), snow leopard (Uncia uncia), clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa),
jaguar (Panthera onca), cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), and cougar (Puma concolor) or any hybrids resulting from the
breeding of any combination of any of these species, for example, a liger (a male lion and a female tiger) or a
tiglon (a male tiger and a female lion), whether naturally or artificially produced.
Propagate means to allow or facilitate the production of offspring of any of the prohibited wildlife species, by any
means.
Registered person means any individual, facility, agency, or other entity that is registered with and inspected by
APHIS under the AWA (See definition of “registrant” in 9 CFR 1.1.).
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§14.253 What are the restrictions contained in
these regulations?
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Except as provided in §14.255, it is unlawful for any person to import, export, transport, sell, receive, acquire, or
purchase, in interstate or foreign commerce, any live prohibited wildlife species.
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§14.254 What are the requirements contained in
these regulations?
In order to qualify for the exemption in §14.255, an accredited wildlife sanctuary must maintain complete and
accurate records of any possession, transportation, acquisition, disposition, importation, or exportation of the
prohibited wildlife species covered by the CWSA. These records must be up to date, and must include the names
and addresses of persons to or from whom any prohibited wildlife species has been acquired, imported, exported,
purchased, sold, or otherwise transferred; and the dates of these transactions. The accredited wildlife sanctuary
must maintain these records for 5 years, must make these records available to Service officials for inspection at
reasonable hours, and must copy these records for Service officials, if requested. In addition, by declaring itself to
be accredited under this subpart, a wildlife sanctuary agrees to allow access to its facilities and its prohibited
wildlife specimens by Service officials at reasonable hours.
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§14.255 Are there any exemptions to the
restrictions contained in these regulations?
The prohibitions of §14.253 do not apply to:
(a) A licensed person or registered person;
(b) A State college, university, or agency;
(c) A State-licensed wildlife rehabilitator;
(d) A State-licensed veterinarian;
(e) An accredited wildlife sanctuary; or
(f) A person who:
(1) Can produce documentation showing that he or she is transporting live prohibited wildlife species between
persons who are exempt from the prohibitions in §14.253; and
(2) Has no financial interest in the prohibited wildlife species other than payment received for transporting them.

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