Form VS 21-301 VS 21-301 Health Management on U.S. Feedlots 2020 Phase I Question

According to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, an agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person
is not required to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a valid OMB control number.
The valid OMB control number for this information collection is 0579-0079. The time required to complete
this information collection is estimated to average 45 minutes per response, including the time to review
instructions, search existing data resources, gather the data needed, and complete and review the
information collected.
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION
SERVICE
VETERINARY SERVICES
NATIONAL ANIMAL HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM
2150 CENTRE AVE, BLDG B
FORT COLLINS, CO 80526

State FIPS

2-digits

Operation #

4-digits

OMB Approved
0579-0079
EXP: XX/20XX

HEALTH MANAGEMENT ON
U.S. FEEDLOTS 2020
PHASE 1 QUESTIONNAIRE

Interviewer

Initials

Date

/ /
(mm/dd/yy)

Beginning time (military)……………………………………………………………..
Ending time (military)…………………………………………………………………

c100

The information you provide will be used for statistical purposes only. In accordance with the Confidential
Information Protection provisions of Title V, Subtitle A, Public Law 107–347 and other applicable Federal laws,
your responses will be kept confidential and will not be disclosed in identifiable form to anyone other than
employees or agents. By law, every employee and agent has taken an oath and is subject to a jail term, a fine,
or both, if he or she willfully discloses ANY identifiable information about you or your operation. Response is
voluntary.
Please make corrections to names, address, and Zip code, if necessary.
Unless otherwise noted, all questions refer to the time period of September 1, 2019, to August 31, 2020.
Don’t Know = DK
Not Applicable = NA
We would like to know about all cattle and calves placed during that time period on feed for the slaughter
market, regardless of ownership, on this particular feedlot.
•
•
•
•

VS Form 21-301
September 2020

Include cattle being fed by you for others.
Exclude any of your cattle being custom fed in feedlots operated by others.
Exclude cattle being “backgrounded only” for sale as feeders, for later placement on feed in another
feedlot, or to be returned to pasture.
Exclude cows and bulls being fed by you for the slaughter market.

1

Section A – Cattle on Feed
Number of cattle

1. From September 1, 2019, to August 31, 2020, how many steers and heifers were placed on
feed for slaughter on this feedlot? [Include cattle born and raised on this operation]
[If Question 1 = 0, SKIP to Section D]

ic0100

Number of cattle

2. What is the one-time capacity of this feedlot?

ic0101

3. For cattle placed on feed from September 1, 2019 to August 31, 2020, on this feedlot, report
the number of cattle by breed type and arrival weight.

Number of cattle

a. Beef breeds with arrival weight less than 400 lb

ic0102

b. Dairy or dairy cross breeds with arrival weight less than 400 lb

ic0103

c. Beef breeds with arrival weight 400 to 699 lb

ic0104

d. Dairy or dairy cross breeds with arrival weight 400 to 699 lb

ic0105

e. Beef breeds with arrival weight 700 to 899 lb

ic0106

f. Dairy or dairy cross breeds with arrival weight 700 to 899 lb

ic0107

g. Beef breeds with arrival weight equal to or greater than 900 lb

ic0108

h. Dairy or dairy cross breeds with arrival weight equal to or greater than 900 lb

ic0109

i. Total cattle placed [Add all lines – should equal number from Question 1]

ic0110

4. Report the average days on feed (from placement to marketing) by breed type and arrival weight for cattle on this
feedlot.
a. Beef breeds with arrival weight less than 400 lb

ic0111

b. Dairy or dairy cross breeds with arrival weight less than 400 lb

ic0112

c. Beef breeds with arrival weight 400 to 699 lb
d. Dairy or dairy cross breeds with arrival weight 400 to 699 lb

days

(-3)DK

days

(-3)DK

ic0113

days

(-3)DK

ic0114

days

(-3)DK

e. Beef breeds with arrival weight 700 to 899 lb

ic0115

days

(-3)DK

f. Dairy or dairy cross breeds with arrival weight 700 to 899 lb

ic0116

days

(-3)DK

g. Beef breeds with arrival weight equal to or greater than 900 lb

ic0117

days

(-3)DK

h. Dairy or dairy cross breeds with arrival weight equal to or greater than 900 lb

ic0118

days

(-3)DK

5. What percentage or number of cattle on feed on this feedlot died
from September 1, 2019, to August 31, 2020, by breed type and
arrival weight?
a. Beef breeds with arrival weight less than 400 lb

Percent of cattle

Number of cattle

ic0119

ic0125

(-3)DK

b. Dairy or dairy cross breeds with arrival weight less than 400 lb

ic0120

ic0126

(-3)DK

c. Beef breeds with arrival weight 400 to 699 lb

ic0121

ic0127

(-3)DK

d. Dairy or dairy cross breeds with arrival weight 400 to 699 lb

ic0122

ic0128

(-3)DK

e. Beef breeds with arrival weight equal to or greater than 700 lb

ic0123

ic0129

(-3)DK

ic0124

ic0130

f. Dairy or dairy cross breeds with arrival weight equal to or
greater than 700 lb

VS Form 21-301
September 2020

OR

(-3)DK

2

Percent of cattle

Number of cattle

6. What percentage or number of cattle placed on feed were born and
OR
ic0131
ic0132
raised on this operation?
[If Question 6 = 100% or # of cattle is equal to inventory of cattle reported in Question 1, SKIP to Question 11]
7. In terms of the source of the cattle placed on feed (the last place
they were before they came to this feedlot), what percentage or
number of cattle were:
a. Obtained directly from a cow-calf operation, including cow-calf
operations owned by or associated with this feedlot?
b. Obtained directly from a backgrounding or stocker operation or grow
yard (i.e., includes cattle purchased by video auction)?
c. Obtained through a sale barn?

Percent of cattle
ic0133

ic0139

ic0134

ic0140

OR

ic0135

d. Obtained directly from a dairy operation, including dairy breed calf
raiser?
e. Obtained from other sources?
(specify: ic0137oth; ic0143oth____________________________________)
f. Source unknown?

ic0141

ic0136

ic0142

ic0137

ic0143

ic0138

ic0144

g. Total [should equal 100% or total inventory from Question 1 less
cattle born and raised on this operation]
8. On average, what percentage or number of cattle traveled the
following distances to the feedlot from their most recent location?
a. Equal to or less than 50 miles

Number of cattle

100%

Percent of cattle

Number of cattle

ic0145

ic0151

b. 51-250 miles

ic0146

ic0152

c.

ic0147

251-500 miles

OR

ic0153

d. 501-1000 miles

ic0148

e. Greater than 1000 miles

ic0149

ic0155

f.

ic0150

ic0156

Distance traveled not known

g. Total [should equal 100% or total inventory from Question 1
less cattle born and raised on this operation]
9. What percentage or number of cattle were sourced from each
region? [Reference the map in Appendix A]
a. Region 1 [CA, OR, WA, ID, NV, AK, HI]

ic0154

100%

Percent of cattle

Number of cattle

ic0157

ic0166

b. Region 2 [MT, ND, SD, WY, NE, UT, CO, KS]

ic0158

ic0167

c.

Region 3 [AZ, NM, TX, OK]

ic0159

ic0168

d. Region 4 [MN, IA, MO, WI, IL, MI, IN, OH]

ic0160

ic0169

e. Region 5 [AR, LA, MS, AL, GA, FL, NC, SC, TN, KY, WV, VA]

ic0161

f.

Region 6 [MD, DE, PA, NJ, NY, VT, NH, MA, CT, RI, ME]

OR

ic0170

ic0162

ic0171

g. Region 7 [Mexico]

ic0163

ic0172

h. Region 8 [Canada]

ic0164

ic0173

i.

Region of origin unknown

ic0165

ic0174

j.

Total [should equal 100% or total inventory from Question 1
less cattle born and raised on this operation]

VS Form 21-301
September 2020

100%

3

10. After cattle arrived at this feedlot, what percentage or number of cattle were commingled with cattle from different
sources during the first 45 days of feeding?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Cattle with arrival weights less than 400 lb
Cattle with arrival weights 400 to 699 lb
Cattle with arrival weights 700 to 899 lb
Cattle with arrival weights greater than 900 lb

Percent of cattle

Number of cattle

ic0175

ic0179

(-3)DK

ic0180

(-3)DK

ic0177

ic0181

(-3)DK

ic0178

ic0182

(-3)DK

ic0176

OR

11. What percentage of the cattle on feed were identified with an individual identification
eartag placed either at this feedlot or prior to arrival at this feedlot?
[Exclude stickers or slap on tags]
[If Question 11 = 0 or DK, SKIP to Question 14]

Percent of cattle
(-3)DK
ic0182

12. Which of the following best describes the type of individual identification used on most of the cattle?
1
2
3
4
5

ic0183

Electronic (RFID) eartag (ultra high frequency)
Electronic (RFID) eartag (high frequency)
Electronic (RFID) eartag (low frequency)
Visual (non-electronic) eartag
Other (specify: ic0183oth_____________________________________________________________________)

13. Official USDA eartags can be either visual or electronic and are characterized by the
official U.S. shield (see Appendix B). What percentage of the cattle on feed on this
feedlot were identified with an individual official identification eartag?

Percent of cattle
(-3)DK
ic0184

14. What was the primary housing type used for cattle on this feedlot? (see Appendix C for examples)
ic0185
[Check one only]
1 Open dry lot without barn or shed (with or without shade structures)
2 Open dry lot with open shed/loafing shed
3 Shed/barn with slatted floors (i.e., confinement barn) with no open lot
4 Shed/barn with solid floor (i.e., confinement barn) with no open lot
5 Other (specify: ic0185oth ____________________________________________________________________)
[If Question 14 = 3 or 4, answer Question 15. Otherwise, SKIP to Question 16]
ic0186
15. How was the shed/barn ventilated? [Check one only]
1 Natural ventilation from ridge vents
2 Natural ventilation from large side openings
3 Natural ventilation from both ridge vents and large side openings
4 Mechanical ventilation system
5 Other (specify: ic0186oth_____________________________________________________________________)

16. What was the target weight for finished cattle on this feedlot? [Check one for heifers and one for steers]
For heifers?
For steers?
1 1099 lb or less
1 1199 lb or less
2 1100 to 1199 lb
2 1200 to 1299 lb
3 1200 to 1299 lb
3 1300 to 1399 lb
4 1300 to 1399 lb
4 1400 to 1499 lb
5 1400 lb or greater
5 1500 lb or greater
17. How many cattle were marketed from this feedlot between September 1,
2019, and August 31, 2020?
VS Form 21-301
September 2020

Number of heifers

ic0189

ic0187/ic0188

Number of steers

ic0190

4

Section B—Antibiotic Use and Stewardship
1. What percentage of cattle are typically placed on this feedlot with the intention to feed to meet the
following specific marketing label claims?
a. Marketing label claim of Certified USDA Organic
b. Marketing label claim of no or limited antibiotic use (excluding Certified USDA organic)
c. Marketing label claim of no hormone use (non-hormone treated cattle program)
d. No specific marketing label claims regarding antibiotics or hormones

Percent of
cattle
ic0200
ic0201
ic0202
ic0203

[If the percentage of cattle in 1d = 100, SKIP to Question 4]
2. What percentage of cattle that start the feeding period in a management program to meet the
following specific label claims typically finish in that program?
a. Marketing label claim of Certified USDA Organic
b. Marketing label claim of no or limited antibiotic use (excluding Certified USDA organic)
c. Marketing label claim of no hormone use (non-hormone treated cattle program)

Percent of
cattle
ic0204
ic0205
ic0206

[If the percentage of cattle in 2b = 0, SKIP to Question 4]
3. Which of the following are part of the marketing label claim regarding antibiotic use under which your
ic0207
cattle are marketed as described in Question 2b? [Check all that apply]
1 No antibiotics ever (includes “raised without antibiotics”)
2 No medically important antibiotics ever (e.g., only ionophores were used)
3 No antibiotics in the last 100 days prior to slaughter
4 Other claim regarding antibiotic use (specify: ic0207oth______________________________________________)
4. Were any antibiotics used in cattle on this feedlot (e.g., injectable, in feed, and/or in
water) from September 1, 2019, to August 31, 2020?
[If Question 4 = NO, SKIP to Question 13]
5. Were injectable antibiotics administered to cattle as a GROUP (i.e., the majority of
the cattle in the pen were given injectable antibiotics at the same time, e.g., for
treatment, prevention, or control of bovine respiratory disease)?
[If Question 5 = NO, SKIP to Question 7]

ic0208

ic0209

1 Yes 3 No

1 Yes 3 No

6. For cattle that were administered injectable antibiotics as a GROUP, how frequently was the following information
available OR captured/calculated in a record-keeping system? Available information must also include the pen
number, lot number, and/or individual identification number of the animal(s) to which antibiotics were administered.
[Place one X per row in the appropriate column below.]
Never

a.
b.
c.
d.

Date(s) treated
Antibiotic given
Antibiotic dose, regimen, or protocol
Date animal has completed antibiotic withdrawal period
and may be shipped to slaughter
5 If no withdrawal period for any antibiotic used,
check here for not applicable and leave this row blank

ic0210
ic0211
ic0212

Most of
the time

Always

1
1
1

2
2
2

3
3
3

4
4
4

1

2

3

4

ic0213

7. Were any INDIVIDUAL cattle that became sick on this feedlot treated with
injectable antibiotics?
[If Question 7 = NO, SKIP to Question 9]
VS Form 21-301
September 2020

Sometimes

ic0214

1 Yes 3 No

5

8. For cattle treated as INDIVIDUALS with injectable antibiotics, how frequently was the following information
available OR captured/calculated in a record-keeping system? Available information also must include the
individual identification number of the animal(s) treated.
[Place one X per row in the appropriate column below.]
a.
b.
c.
d.

Date(s) treated
Antibiotic given
Antibiotic dose, regimen or protocol
Date animal has completed antibiotic withdrawal period
and may be shipped to slaughter
5 If no withdrawal period for any antibiotic used,
check here for not applicable and leave this row blank

ic0215
ic0216
ic0217

Never

Sometimes

Most of
the time

1
1
1

2
2
2

3
3
3

4
4
4

1

2

3

4

Always

ic0218

9. Were any cattle on this feedlot given any type of antibiotics IN FEED? Consider medically important
antibiotics that DO require a veterinary feed directive (VFD) such as chlortetracycline or tylosin AND
non-medically important antibiotics that DO NOT require a VFD, such as ionophores (e.g., Rumensin®),
bambermycin, and bacitracin. [Check one only]
1 Cattle were given BOTH medically and non-medically important antibiotics in feed.
2 Cattle were given ONLY medically important antibiotics in feed.
3 Cattle were given ONLY non-medically important antibiotics in feed.
4 Cattle were NOT given any antibiotics in feed.

ic0219

[If Question 9 = “Cattle were NOT given any antibiotics in feed”, SKIP to Question 11]
10. For cattle given any antibiotics IN FEED (medically important or non-medically important) how frequently was the
following information available OR captured/calculated in a record-keeping system? Available information also
must include the pen number, lot number, and/or individual identification number of the animal(s) to which
antibiotics were administered.
[Place one X per row in the appropriate column below.]
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Date antibiotic use began
Date antibiotic use ended
Antibiotic given
Antibiotic dose, regimen, or protocol
Date animal has completed antibiotic withdrawal period
and may be shipped to slaughter
5 If no withdrawal period for all antibiotics used, check
here for not applicable and leave this row blank

ic0220
ic0221
ic0222
ic0223

Never

Sometimes

Most of
the time

1
1
1
1

2
2
2
2

3
3
3
3

4
4
4
4

1

2

3

4

ic0224

11. Were any cattle on this feedlot given antibiotics IN WATER during this time period?

ic0225

1 Yes 3 No

[If Question 11 = NO, SKIP to Question 13]

VS Form 21-301
September 2020

Always

6

12. For cattle given any antibiotics IN WATER, how frequently was the following information available OR
captured/calculated in a record-keeping system? Available information also must include the pen number, lot number,
and/or individual identification number of the animal(s) to which antibiotics were administered.
[Place one X per row in the appropriate column below.]
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Date antibiotic use began
Date antibiotic use ended
Antibiotic given
Antibiotic dose, regimen, or protocol
Date animal has completed antibiotic withdrawal period
and may be shipped to slaughter
5 If no withdrawal period for any antibiotic used, check
here for not applicable and leave this row blank

Never

Sometimes

1
1
1
1

2
2
2
2

3
3
3
3

4
4
4
4

1

2

3

4

ic0225
ic0226
ic0227
ic0228

Most of
the time

Always

ic0229

13. Do you use electronic record-keeping systems to store production and/or animal
health related information?

1 Yes 3 No

ic0230

[If Question 13 = NO, SKIP to Question 16]
14. Which of the following was the primary electronic record-keeping system used? [Check one only]

ic0231

1 Commercially available software designed for use in feedlots
2 Custom software, specifically designed for use by consulting practice or by this feedlot
3 Other spreadsheet or general database software (e.g., Microsoft Excel or Access)
4 Other (Specify: ic0231oth ____________________________________________________________________)
15. How important to this feedlot are these electronic record-keeping
systems for:
a. Comparing your feedlot to other feedlots?
b. Comparing current information to historical information for this
feedlot?
c. Determining and recording when animals have completed
antibiotic withdrawal periods?
d. Tracking production?
e. Tracking economic records?

Very
Important

Somewhat
Important

Not
Important

ic0232

1

2

3

ic0233

1

2

3

ic0234

1

2

3

ic0235

1

2

3

ic0236

1

2

3

16. During the previous 5 years, have you or someone representing this feedlot
attended or completed a Beef Quality Assurance (BQA) meeting or training session
(online, national, State, or local)?
17. During the previous 5 years, has this feedlot participated in a Beef Quality
Assurance (BQA) Feedyard Assessment?

ic0237

ic0238

1 Yes 3 No
4 Don’t Know
1 Yes 3 No
4 Don’t Know

[If Question 17 = NO, SKIP to Question 19]
18. During the previous 5 years, how many times has this feedlot participated in a Beef Quality
Assurance (BQA) Feedyard Assessment?

VS Form 21-301
September 2020

Number
ic0239

7

19. Did your feedlot use the services of a veterinarian from September 1, 2019, to
August 31, 2020?

ic0240

1 Yes 3 No

[If Question 19 = NO, ANSWER Question 20 and then SKIP to Section C.
[If Question 19 = YES, SKIP Question 20 and ANSWER Questions 21-23.
20. (For feedlots that did NOT use the services of a veterinarian during this time period) Which of the
following was the primary reason for not using a veterinarian? [Check one only]
1
2
3
4
5

ic0241

Veterinarian was available in the local area but not knowledgeable about beef cattle
Veterinarian was not available in the local area
Too expensive
Not needed
Other (specify: ic0241oth______________________________________________________________________)

21. (For feedlots that DID use a veterinarian during this time period) Was the primary veterinarian or
veterinary clinic you used a:
[Check one only]

ic0242

1 Full-time veterinarian(s) on staff (includes if the owner of the feedlot is a veterinarian)
2 Private veterinary clinic or consulting practice whose veterinarian(s) made routine visits for preventive care
and could also be called as needed
3 Private veterinary clinic or consulting practice whose veterinarian(s) DID NOT make routine visits for preventive
care but could be called as needed
4 Other (specify: ic0242oth______________________________________________________________________)

22. (For feedlots that DID use a veterinarian during this time period) From September 1, 2019, to
August 31, 2020, how many times was a veterinarian physically present on the feedlot?

23. (For feedlots that DID use a veterinarian during this time period) From September 1, 2019, to
August 31, 2020, how frequently was your feedlot in contact with a veterinarian, e.g. by
telephone, video conference, or data transfer?

VS Form 21-301
September 2020

Number
ic0243

Number

ic0244

8

Section C—Veterinary Feed Directive Final Rule Implementation
The following questions ask about the implementation of U.S. Food and Drug Administration Drug Guidance for
Industry (GFI) #213 and the revised Veterinary Food Directive (VFD) final rule on January 1, 2017. We want to better
understand the impact of the label changes on producers like yourself, and this is your opportunity to share about your
experience implementing the label changes on this feedlot.
1. Some antibiotics used on feedlots now require a VFD; these are called
medically important. Examples of antibiotics that DO require a VFD include
chlortetracycline and tylosin. Antibiotics that DO NOT require a VFD are
ionophores, (e.g., Rumensin®), bambermycin, and bacitracin; these are
called non-medically important.

1 Yes 3 No

Prior to the label changes resulting from the implementation of the revised
VFD final rule on January 1, 2017, did you medically important antibiotics in
feed on this feedlot?
[If Question 1 = No, SKIP to Section D]
2. Following the label changes, did this feedlot stop using medically important
antibiotics in feed, in other words in-feed antibiotics that now require a VFD?
[If Question 2 =Yes, SKIP to Section D]

ic0300

1 Yes 3 No
ic0301

3. Overall, the transition of implementing the label changes on this feedlot was:
Very

Mostly

Somewhat

Neither

Somewhat

Mostly

Very

ic0302

Easy

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Difficult

ic0303

Convenient

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Inconvenient

ic0304

Affordable

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Unaffordable

4. Indicate how strongly you agree or disagree with the following statement:
On January 1, 2017, I felt I had all the resources (e.g., access to veterinarians knowledgeable about the VFD,
training, finances) necessary to manage the label changes on this feedlot.

ic0305

Strongly Agree

Agree

Neither

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

1

2

3

4

5

Thank you for your help in completing this survey. Please feel free to use this space or the back
of this questionnaire to communicate comments about the survey or any other information about
health management on your feedlot that you think is relevant.

VS Form 21-301
September 2020

9

Section D—Office Use Only
1. For operations that complete this questionnaire, request signature on CONSENT TO CONTACT FORM to be
contacted for participation in Phase 2 of the study.
2. Total time for interview..……………………………………………………………….
min
c301
3. Total travel time [round trip]………………………………………………………….

c302

4. Interview response code

c303

[Check one only.]
1 Complete, Consent to Contact Form signed – Go to Item 6
2 Complete, Consent to Contact Form refused – Continue to Item 5
3 Refused – Continue to Item 5
4 Zero cattle on feed – Go to Item 6
5 Out of business – Go to Item 6
6 Backgrounder/stocker operation only – Go to Item 6
7 Otherwise out of scope – Go to Item 6
8 Office hold – Go to Item 6
9 Inaccessible – Go to Item 6
5. Refusal response code

min

Code
c304

[Check one only.]
1 Does not want to commit time to the project
2 Does not want involvement with government veterinarian or has had
previous bad experience with veterinarian
3 Does not have necessary records available
4 Has participated in too many surveys
5 Does not want outside people on the feedlot
6 A bad time of year (planting, harvesting, second job, etc.)
7 Currently has or recently had a disease problem with herd
8 Believes that surveys and reports hurt the farmer more than help
9 Could not get owner’s permission
10 No reason given or other (specify: c304oth____________________________)

Code

6. Which of the following best describes the respondent’s position with this operation?

c305

[Check one only.]
1 Owner
2 Manager
3 Family member (other than owner or manager)
4 Other hired employee (non-veterinarian)
5 Veterinarian on staff (e.g., company veterinarian)
6 Herd veterinarian or other veterinarian
7 Other (specify: c305oth____________________________)
7. Did the respondent use records to assist in answering this survey?.......................
Response
1-Comp
2-R
3-Inaccesible

9901

Respondent

Mode

1-Op/Mgr
9902
2-Sp
3-Acct/Bkpr
4-Partner
9-Oth

2-Telephone
9903
3-Face-to-Face
8-CAPI
19-Other

Enum.
0098

Eval.
0100

c306

Rpt. Unit
0921

Office Use for POID
0789
__ __ __ - __ __ __ - __ __ __
Optional Use
0407

VS Form 21-301
September 2020

1 Yes 3 No

0408

10

Appendices
Appendix A. Reference Map for Section A, Question 9
(AK and HI are not pictured and are included in Region 1)

VS Form 21-301
September 2020

11

Appendix B. Examples of USDA official ID methods
(From Animal Disease Traceability Framework, Official Eartags – Criteria and Options,
https://www.aphis.usda.gov/traceability/downloads/ADT_eartags_criteria.pdf)
Official Vaccination Eartag (Brucellosis)

National Uniform Eartagging System (NUES) Tag (“Silver” or “Brite” tag)

Animal Identification Number (AIN) Tags with 840 prefix (Visual and Electronic)

VS Form 21-301
September 2020

12

Appendix C. Examples of Types of Housing

Open dry lot

Wind fence

(photograph courtesy of Dr. Paul Morley)

(photograph courtesy of Dr. Paul Morley)

Confinement barn with slatted floor

Confinement barn with bedded pack

(photograph courtesy of Dr. Grant Dewell)

VS Form 21-301
September 2020

(photograph courtesy of Dr. Grant Dewell)

13