BLS Employment Situation Jan 2020- average hourly rate

2/11/2020

Employment Situation News Release

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Employment Situation News Release
Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, January 10, 2020
Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378
Establishment data:
(202) 691-6555

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USDL-20-0010

www.bls.gov/cps
www.bls.gov/ces

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- DECEMBER 2019
Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 145,000 in December, and the unemployment
rate was unchanged at 3.5 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported
today. Notable job gains occurred in retail trade and health care, while mining
lost jobs.
This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey
measures labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics.
The establishment survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry.
For more information about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these
two surveys, see the Technical Note.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
|
|
|
Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data
|
|
|
| Seasonally adjusted household survey data have been revised using updated seasonal
|
| adjustment factors, a procedure done at the end of each calendar year. Seasonally
|
| adjusted estimates back to January 2015 were subject to revision. The unemployment
|
| rates for January 2019 through November 2019 (as originally published and as revised)|
| appear in table A, along with additional information about the revisions.
|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________|
Household Survey Data
In December, the unemployment rate held at 3.5 percent, and the number of unemployed
persons was unchanged at 5.8 million. A year earlier, the jobless rate was 3.9 percent,
and the number of unemployed persons was 6.3 million. (See table A-1.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.1 percent), adult
women (3.2 percent), teenagers (12.6 percent), Whites (3.2 percent), Blacks (5.9 percent),
Asians (2.5 percent), and Hispanics (4.2 percent) showed little or no change in December.
(See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more), at 1.2 million,
was unchanged in December and accounted for 20.5 percent of the unemployed. (See table
A-12.)
The labor force participation rate was unchanged at 63.2 percent in December. The
employment-population ratio was 61.0 percent for the fourth consecutive month but was
up by 0.4 percentage point over the year. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.1 million, changed
little in December but was down by 507,000 over the year. These individuals, who would
have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been
reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)
In December, 1.2 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, down by
310,000 from a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were
not in the labor force, wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job
sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because they had
not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. (See table A-16.)
Among the marginally attached, there were 277,000 discouraged workers in December, down
by 98,000 from a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers
are persons not currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for
them. The remaining 969,000 persons marginally attached to the labor force in December
had not searched for work for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities.
(See table A-16.)
Establishment Survey Data

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Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 145,000 in December. Notable job gains
occurred in retail trade and health care, while mining lost jobs. In 2019, payroll
employment rose by 2.1 million, down from a gain of 2.7 million in 2018. (See table B-1.)
In December, retail trade added 41,000 jobs. Employment increased in clothing and
accessories stores (+33,000) and in building material and garden supply stores (+7,000);
both industries showed employment declines in the prior month. Employment in retail trade
changed little, on net, in both 2019 and 2018 (+9,000 and +14,000, respectively).
Employment in health care increased by 28,000 in December. Ambulatory health care services
and hospitals added jobs over the month (+23,000 and +9,000, respectively). Health care
added 399,000 jobs in 2019, compared with an increase of 350,000 in 2018.
Employment in leisure and hospitality continued to trend up in December (+40,000). The
industry added 388,000 jobs in 2019, similar to the increase in 2018 (+359,000).
Mining employment declined by 8,000 in December. In 2019, employment in mining declined
by 24,000, after rising by 63,000 in 2018.
Construction employment changed little in December (+20,000). Employment in the industry
rose by 151,000 in 2019, about half of the 2018 gain of 307,000.
In December, employment in professional and business services showed little change
(+10,000). The industry added 397,000 jobs in 2019, down from an increase of 561,000
jobs in 2018.
Employment in transportation and warehousing changed little in December (-10,000).
Employment in the industry increased by 57,000 in 2019, about one-fourth of the 2018
gain of 216,000.
Manufacturing employment was little changed in December (-12,000). Employment in the
industry changed little in 2019 (+46,000), after increasing in 2018 (+264,000).
In December, employment showed little change in other major industries, including wholesale
trade, information, financial activities, and government.
In December, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose
by 3 cents to $28.32. Over the last 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by
2.9 percent. In December, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and
nonsupervisory employees, at $23.79, were little changed (+2 cents). (See tables B-3 and
B-8.)
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.3
hours in December. In manufacturing, the average workweek and overtime remained at 40.5
hours and 3.2 hours, respectively. The average workweek of private-sector production and
nonsupervisory employees held at 33.5 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for October was revised down by 4,000 from
+156,000 to +152,000, and the change for November was revised down by 10,000 from +266,000
to +256,000. With these revisions, employment gains in October and November combined were
14,000 lower than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports
received from businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and
from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) After revisions, job gains have averaged
184,000 over the last 3 months.
_____________
The Employment Situation for January is scheduled to be released on Friday, February 7,
2020, at 8:30 a.m. (EST).
______________________________________________________________________________________
|
Upcoming Changes to Household Survey Data
|
|
With the publication of The Employment Situation for January 2020 on February 7,
|
2020, two not seasonally adjusted series currently displayed in Summary table
|
A--persons marginally attached to the labor force and discouraged workers--will
|
be replaced with new seasonally adjusted series. The new seasonally adjusted
|
series will be available in the BLS online database back to 1994. Not seasonally
|
adjusted data for persons marginally attached to the labor force and for
|
discouraged workers will continue to be published in table A-16. These series
|
will also be available in the BLS online database back to 1994.
|
|
Persons marginally attached to the labor force and discouraged workers are inputs
|
into three alternative measures of labor underutilization displayed in table A-15. |
Therefore, with the publication of The Employment Situation for January 2020, data |
for U-4, U-5, and U-6 in table A-15 will reflect the new seasonally adjusted
|
series. Revised data back to 1994 will be available in the BLS online database.
|
Not seasonally adjusted series for the alternative measures will be unaffected.
|
|
Beginning with data for January 2020, occupation estimates in table A-13 will
|
reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupation classification system into
|
the household survey. This occupation classification system is derived from the
|
2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. In addition, industry
|
estimates in table A-14 will reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry
|
classification system, which is derived from the 2017 North American Industry
|
Classification System (NAICS). Historical data on occupation and industry will
|
not be revised. Beginning with data for January 2020, estimates will not be
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| strictly comparable with earlier years.
|
|
|
| Also beginning with data for January 2020, estimates of married persons will
|
| include those in opposite- and same-sex marriages. Prior to January 2020, these
|
| estimates included only those in opposite-sex marriages. This will affect marital
|
| status estimates in tables A-9 and A-10. Historical data will not be revised.
|
|
|
| Also effective with the release of The Employment Situation for January 2020, new
|
| population controls will be used in the household survey estimation process. These |
| new controls reflect the annual update of intercensal population estimates by the
|
| U.S. Census Bureau. In accordance with usual practice, historical data will not
|
| be revised to incorporate the new controls; consequently, household survey data
|
| for January 2020 will not be directly comparable with data for December 2019 or
|
| earlier periods. A table showing the effects of the new controls on the major labor |
| force series will be included in the January 2020 news release. In addition, the
|
| population controls for veterans, which are derived from a Department of Veterans
|
| Affairs' population model and are updated periodically, will also be updated with
|
| the release of January data.
|
|______________________________________________________________________________________|
______________________________________________________________________________________
|
|
|
Upcoming Revisions to Establishment Survey Data
|
|
|
| Effective with the release of The Employment Situation for January 2020 on February |
| 7, 2020, the establishment survey will revise nonfarm payroll employment, hours,
|
| and earnings data to reflect the annual benchmark process and updated seasonal
|
| adjustment factors. Not seasonally adjusted data beginning with April 2018 and
|
| seasonally adjusted data beginning with January 2015 are subject to revision.
|
| Consistent with standard practice, additional historical data may be revised as a
|
| result of the benchmark process.
|
|______________________________________________________________________________________|
Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data
At the end of each calendar year, BLS routinely updates the seasonal adjustment
factors for the national labor force series derived from the household survey. As
a result of this process, seasonally adjusted data for January 2015 through
November 2019 were subject to revision. (Not seasonally adjusted data were not
subject to revision.)
Table A shows the unemployment rates for January 2019 through November 2019, as
first published and as revised. The rates were unchanged for all 11 months.
Revised seasonally adjusted data for other major labor force series beginning
in December 2018 appear in table B.
More information on this year's revisions to seasonally adjusted household series
is available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cps-seas-adjustment-methodology.pdf.
Detailed information on the seasonal adjustment methodology is found at
www.bls.gov/cps/seasonal-adjustment-methodology.htm.
Historical data for the household series contained in the A tables of this news
release can be accessed at www.bls.gov/cps/cpsatabs.htm. Revised historical
seasonally adjusted data are available at www.bls.gov/cps/data.htm and
https://download.bls.gov/pub/time.series/ln/.
Table A. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates in 2019 and changes due to revision
January - November 2019
Month

As first published

As revised

Change

4.0
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.6
3.5

4.0
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.6
3.5

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

January.............
February............
March...............
April...............
May.................
June................
July................
August..............
September...........
October.............
November............

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table B. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]

2018
Employment status, sex, and age

Dec.

https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/empsit_01102020.htm

2019
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

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2018
Employment status, sex, and age

Dec.

2019
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

258,888 258,239 258,392 258,537 258,693 258,861 259,037 259,225 259,432 259,638 259,845 260,020 260,181
163,111 163,142 163,047 162,935 162,546 162,782 163,133 163,373 163,894 164,051 164,401 164,347 164,556
63.0
63.2
63.1
63.0
62.8
62.9
63.0
63.0
63.2
63.2
63.3
63.2
63.2
156,825 156,627 156,866 156,741 156,696 156,844 157,148 157,346 157,895 158,298 158,544 158,536 158,803
60.6
60.7
60.7
60.6
60.6
60.6
60.7
60.7
60.9
61.0
61.0
61.0
61.0
6,286
6,516
6,181
6,194
5,850
5,938
5,985
6,027
5,999
5,753
5,857
5,811
5,753
3.9
4.0
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.6
3.5
3.5

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

116,739 116,436 116,513 116,586 116,665 116,752 116,843 116,939 117,040 117,140 117,242 117,331 117,413
83,483
71.5
80,496
69.0
2,987
3.6

83,586
71.8
80,474
69.1
3,112
3.7

83,588
71.7
80,677
69.2
2,911
3.5

83,566
71.7
80,570
69.1
2,995
3.6

83,421
71.5
80,609
69.1
2,812
3.4

83,569
71.6
80,761
69.2
2,808
3.4

83,568
71.5
80,780
69.1
2,788
3.3

83,771
71.6
80,975
69.2
2,796
3.3

83,852
71.6
81,046
69.2
2,806
3.3

83,841
71.6
81,146
69.3
2,695
3.2

83,911
71.6
81,196
69.3
2,715
3.2

84,057
71.6
81,377
69.4
2,679
3.2

84,008
71.5
81,390
69.3
2,618
3.1

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

125,393 125,099 125,177 125,252 125,332 125,419 125,509 125,604 125,705 125,806 125,907 125,998 126,082
73,673
58.8
71,123
56.7
2,550
3.5

73,643
58.9
71,004
56.8
2,639
3.6

73,667
58.8
71,169
56.9
2,497
3.4

73,508
58.7
71,056
56.7
2,451
3.3

73,440
58.6
71,136
56.8
2,304
3.1

73,439
58.6
71,038
56.6
2,401
3.3

73,655
58.7
71,209
56.7
2,447
3.3

73,585
58.6
71,120
56.6
2,465
3.3

74,116
59.0
71,665
57.0
2,451
3.3

74,313
59.1
71,990
57.2
2,323
3.1

74,542
59.2
72,130
57.3
2,411
3.2

74,291
59.0
71,881
57.0
2,411
3.2

74,584
59.2
72,200
57.3
2,383
3.2

16,756

16,704

16,702

16,698

16,696

16,690

16,686

16,682

16,687

16,691

16,696

16,692

16,686

5,955
35.5
5,205
31.1
750
12.6

5,913
35.4
5,149
30.8
765
12.9

5,792
34.7
5,019
30.1
773
13.3

5,862
35.1
5,115
30.6
747
12.7

5,685
34.1
4,951
29.7
734
12.9

5,774
34.6
5,044
30.2
730
12.6

5,910
35.4
5,159
30.9
751
12.7

6,017
36.1
5,250
31.5
767
12.7

5,926
35.5
5,184
31.1
742
12.5

5,897
35.3
5,162
30.9
735
12.5

5,948
35.6
5,218
31.3
730
12.3

5,999
35.9
5,278
31.6
721
12.0

5,964
35.7
5,213
31.2
752
12.6

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]

Category
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Dec.
2018
258,888
163,111
63.0
156,825
60.6
6,286
3.9

Oct.
2019
259,845
164,401
63.3
158,544
61.0
5,857
3.6

Nov.
2019
260,020
164,347
63.2
158,536
61.0
5,811
3.5

Dec.
2019
260,181
164,556
63.2
158,803
61.0
5,753
3.5

Change from:
Nov.
2019Dec.
2019
161
209
0.0
267
0.0
-58
0.0

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to
totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
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Category

Dec.
2018

Oct.
2019

Nov.
2019

Change from:
Nov.
2019Dec.
2019

Dec.
2019

95,777

95,444

95,673

95,625

-48

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over
Adult men (20 years and over)
Adult women (20 years and over)
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

3.9
3.6
3.5
12.6
3.4
6.6
3.3
4.4

3.6
3.2
3.2
12.3
3.2
5.5
2.8
4.1

3.5
3.2
3.2
12.0
3.2
5.6
2.6
4.2

3.5
3.1
3.2
12.6
3.2
5.9
2.5
4.2

0.0
-0.1
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.3
-0.1
0.0

Total, 25 years and over
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Some college or associate degree
Bachelor's degree and higher

3.1
5.8
3.8
3.3
2.2

2.9
5.5
3.7
2.8
2.1

2.9
5.3
3.7
2.9
2.0

2.8
5.2
3.7
2.7
1.9

-0.1
-0.1
0.0
-0.2
-0.1

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2,892
827
1,968
600

2,691
846
1,698
622

2,804
776
1,663
581

2,686
829
1,655
551

-118
53
-8
-30

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

2,117
2,007
899
1,311

1,978
1,747
884
1,259

2,026
1,753
865
1,219

2,065
1,730
812
1,186

39
-23
-53
-33

4,655
2,895
1,487
21,230

4,397
2,747
1,278
21,544

4,288
2,634
1,259
21,532

4,148
2,657
1,215
21,586

-140
23
-44
54

1,556
375

1,229
341

1,246
325

1,246
277

-

Not in labor force

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons
Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force
Discouraged workers

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to
totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining and logging
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods(1)
Motor vehicles and parts
Nondurable goods
Private service-providing
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Transportation and warehousing
Utilities
Information
Financial activities

Dec.
2018

Nov.
2019(P)

Oct.
2019

Dec.
2019(P)

227
224
40
4
16
20

152
164
-29
2
14
-45

256
243
52
-8
2
58

145
139
-1
-9
20
-12

14

-51

48

-7

1.2
6
184
12.5
-5.9
-1.1
-0.2
-2
1

-43.6
6
193
10.7
30.9
2.8
-1.4
0
16

39.3
10
191
-2.5
-14.1
11.9
1.2
8
14

-0.8
-5
140
8.3
41.2
-10.4
0.8
3
6

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the serviceproviding industries.
(3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
(4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
(5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
(P) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
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Category

Dec.
2018

Nov.
2019(P)

Oct.
2019

Dec.
2019(P)

37

35

53

10

13.5

-5.4

4.0

6.4

67

31

72

36

52.9
65
11
3

37.8
70
-2
-12

63.8
38
10
13

33.9
40
5
6

233
236

188
170

200
197

184
182

49.7
48.3
82.4

50.0
48.6
82.2

50.0
48.6
82.2

50.0
48.7
82.2

34.5
$27.53
$949.79

34.3
$28.20
$967.26

34.3
$28.29
$970.35

34.3
$28.32
$971.38

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)
Over-the-month percent change

110.7

111.4

111.6

111.7

0.5

-0.1

0.2

0.1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)
Over-the-month percent change

145.6

150.1

150.9

151.2

0.8

0.1

0.5

0.2

65.9
65.1

55.2
38.2

65.7
65.8

57.0
44.7

Professional and business services(1)
Temporary help services
Education and health services(1)
Health care and social assistance
Leisure and hospitality
Other services
Government
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm
Total private
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees
Total private women employees
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings

DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (258 industries)
Manufacturing (76 industries)

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the serviceproviding industries.
(3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
(4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
(5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
(P) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-tomonth change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more
expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
The Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
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https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
sampled to achieve that goal.
5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on
payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-privatebusinesses-pay-workers.htm.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weatherrelated events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
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conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 142,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 689,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll employees.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the
household survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
The establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
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of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable. The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series, and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the
household survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-60,000 to +160,000 (50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.
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Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]

Seasonally adjusted(1)

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

Dec.
2018

Nov.
2019

Dec.
2019

Dec.
2018

Aug.
2019

Sept.
2019

Oct.
2019

Nov.
2019

Dec.
2019

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Persons who currently want a job

258,888
162,510
62.8
156,481
60.4
6,029
3.7
96,378
5,121

260,020
164,386
63.2
158,945
61.1
5,441
3.3
95,634
4,515

260,181
164,007
63.0
158,504
60.9
5,503
3.4
96,174
4,643

258,888
163,111
63.0
156,825
60.6
6,286
3.9
95,777
5,312

259,432
163,894
63.2
157,895
60.9
5,999
3.7
95,538
5,117

259,638
164,051
63.2
158,298
61.0
5,753
3.5
95,587
4,861

259,845
164,401
63.3
158,544
61.0
5,857
3.6
95,444
4,756

260,020
164,347
63.2
158,536
61.0
5,811
3.5
95,673
4,832

260,181
164,556
63.2
158,803
61.0
5,753
3.5
95,625
4,832

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

125,227
85,857
68.6
82,440
65.8
3,417
4.0
39,370

125,773
86,864
69.1
83,973
66.8
2,890
3.3
38,909

125,852
86,500
68.7
83,467
66.3
3,033
3.5
39,352

125,227
86,406
69.0
83,016
66.3
3,390
3.9
38,820

125,481
86,824
69.2
83,613
66.6
3,210
3.7
38,657

125,583
86,855
69.2
83,747
66.7
3,109
3.6
38,728

125,687
86,901
69.1
83,776
66.7
3,126
3.6
38,786

125,773
87,104
69.3
84,018
66.8
3,086
3.5
38,669

125,852
87,049
69.2
84,034
66.8
3,015
3.5
38,803

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

116,739
83,101
71.2
80,036
68.6
3,066
3.7
33,638

117,331
83,970
71.6
81,464
69.4
2,506
3.0
33,361

117,413
83,628
71.2
80,940
68.9
2,688
3.2
33,785

116,739
83,483
71.5
80,496
69.0
2,987
3.6
33,256

117,040
83,852
71.6
81,046
69.2
2,806
3.3
33,187

117,140
83,841
71.6
81,146
69.3
2,695
3.2
33,300

117,242
83,911
71.6
81,196
69.3
2,715
3.2
33,330

117,331
84,057
71.6
81,377
69.4
2,679
3.2
33,274

117,413
84,008
71.5
81,390
69.3
2,618
3.1
33,405

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

133,662
76,654
57.3
74,041
55.4
2,612
3.4

134,247
77,522
57.7
74,971
55.8
2,550
3.3

134,329
77,507
57.7
75,036
55.9
2,471
3.2

133,662
76,705
57.4
73,808
55.2
2,896
3.8

133,951
77,070
57.5
74,282
55.5
2,788
3.6

134,054
77,195
57.6
74,551
55.6
2,644
3.4

134,158
77,500
57.8
74,769
55.7
2,731
3.5

134,247
77,243
57.5
74,518
55.5
2,725
3.5

134,329
77,507
57.7
74,769
55.7
2,738
3.5

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
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Seasonally adjusted(1)

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

Dec.
2018

Nov.
2019

Dec.
2019

Dec.
2018

Aug.
2019

Sept.
2019

Oct.
2019

Nov.
2019

Dec.
2019

57,008

56,725

56,822

56,957

56,881

56,859

56,658

57,004

56,822

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

125,393
73,768
58.8
71,422
57.0
2,345
3.2
51,625

125,998
74,695
59.3
72,426
57.5
2,269
3.0
51,303

126,082
74,730
59.3
72,534
57.5
2,196
2.9
51,352

125,393
73,673
58.8
71,123
56.7
2,550
3.5
51,720

125,705
74,116
59.0
71,665
57.0
2,451
3.3
51,590

125,806
74,313
59.1
71,990
57.2
2,323
3.1
51,493

125,907
74,542
59.2
72,130
57.3
2,411
3.2
51,365

125,998
74,291
59.0
71,881
57.0
2,411
3.2
51,706

126,082
74,584
59.2
72,200
57.3
2,383
3.2
51,498

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

16,756
5,641
33.7
5,023
30.0
619
11.0
11,115

16,692
5,721
34.3
5,055
30.3
666
11.6
10,971

16,686
5,649
33.9
5,029
30.1
619
11.0
11,038

16,756
5,955
35.5
5,205
31.1
750
12.6
10,801

16,687
5,926
35.5
5,184
31.1
742
12.5
10,761

16,691
5,897
35.3
5,162
30.9
735
12.5
10,794

16,696
5,948
35.6
5,218
31.3
730
12.3
10,748

16,692
5,999
35.9
5,278
31.6
721
12.0
10,693

16,686
5,964
35.7
5,213
31.2
752
12.6
10,722

Not in labor force

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]

Seasonally adjusted(1)

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 20 years and over

Dec.
2018

Nov.
2019

Dec.
2019

Dec.
2018

Aug.
2019

Sept.
2019

Oct.
2019

Nov.
2019

Dec.
2019

200,774
126,072
62.8
121,900
60.7
4,173
3.3
74,702

201,254
127,170
63.2
123,397
61.3
3,773
3.0
74,084

201,326
126,758
63.0
122,919
61.1
3,839
3.0
74,568

200,774
126,546
63.0
122,209
60.9
4,337
3.4
74,228

200,953
126,853
63.1
122,566
61.0
4,286
3.4
74,100

201,062
127,018
63.2
122,955
61.2
4,063
3.2
74,044

201,172
127,122
63.2
123,028
61.2
4,094
3.2
74,050

201,254
127,191
63.2
123,077
61.2
4,115
3.2
74,063

201,326
127,197
63.2
123,175
61.2
4,022
3.2
74,129

65,822
71.6
63,649
69.2
2,174
3.3

66,143
71.7
64,336
69.8
1,807
2.7

65,827
71.4
63,897
69.3
1,930
2.9

66,081
71.9
64,015
69.6
2,066
3.1

66,064
71.8
64,099
69.6
1,965
3.0

66,109
71.8
64,224
69.7
1,886
2.9

66,115
71.7
64,173
69.6
1,941
2.9

66,204
71.8
64,247
69.7
1,957
3.0

66,076
71.6
64,238
69.6
1,839
2.8

55,939
58.0
54,368
56.3
1,571
2.8

56,591
58.5
55,095
56.9
1,496
2.6

56,509
58.4
55,086
56.9
1,423
2.5

55,894
57.9
54,144
56.1
1,750
3.1

56,152
58.1
54,379
56.3
1,773
3.2

56,348
58.3
54,709
56.6
1,639
2.9

56,399
58.3
54,755
56.6
1,644
2.9

56,299
58.2
54,666
56.5
1,633
2.9

56,429
58.3
54,827
56.6
1,602
2.8

4,311
35.1
3,883
31.6
428
9.9

4,436
36.2
3,966
32.4
470
10.6

4,423
36.2
3,936
32.2
486
11.0

4,571
37.2
4,050
32.9
521
11.4

4,636
37.9
4,088
33.4
548
11.8

4,561
37.3
4,022
32.9
539
11.8

4,608
37.6
4,099
33.5
509
11.0

4,688
38.3
4,164
34.0
524
11.2

4,692
38.4
4,111
33.6
581
12.4

32,956
20,325
61.7
19,067
57.9
1,257
6.2
12,632

33,184
20,670
62.3
19,587
59.0
1,083
5.2
12,515

33,215
20,855
62.8
19,692
59.3
1,163
5.6
12,360

32,956
20,422
62.0
19,082
57.9
1,340
6.6
12,534

33,081
20,604
62.3
19,485
58.9
1,119
5.4
12,477

33,116
20,685
62.5
19,550
59.0
1,135
5.5
12,431

33,152
20,704
62.5
19,571
59.0
1,133
5.5
12,448

33,184
20,675
62.3
19,527
58.8
1,148
5.6
12,509

33,215
20,949
63.1
19,712
59.3
1,238
5.9
12,266

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.
https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/empsit_01102020.htm

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Seasonally adjusted(1)

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

Dec.
2018

Nov.
2019

Dec.
2019

Dec.
2018

Aug.
2019

Sept.
2019

Oct.
2019

Nov.
2019

Dec.
2019

9,214
66.7
8,645
62.5
570
6.2

9,475
67.9
9,024
64.6
451
4.8

9,500
68.0
8,965
64.1
535
5.6

9,304
67.3
8,712
63.0
592
6.4

9,487
68.2
8,937
64.3
550
5.8

9,488
68.1
8,976
64.5
512
5.4

9,485
68.0
9,003
64.6
482
5.1

9,504
68.1
9,019
64.6
485
5.1

9,591
68.6
9,034
64.6
557
5.8

10,329
62.1
9,779
58.8
551
5.3

10,490
62.5
9,995
59.6
494
4.7

10,646
63.4
10,139
60.4
507
4.8

10,309
61.9
9,727
58.4
582
5.6

10,400
62.2
9,944
59.5
456
4.4

10,478
62.6
9,987
59.7
491
4.7

10,494
62.6
9,984
59.6
511
4.9

10,445
62.3
9,929
59.2
516
4.9

10,625
63.3
10,094
60.1
530
5.0

781
31.4
644
25.9
137
17.5

704
28.7
568
23.1
137
19.4

709
28.9
588
24.0
121
17.1

808
32.5
642
25.8
166
20.5

717
29.1
604
24.6
113
15.8

719
29.3
588
23.9
132
18.3

724
29.5
584
23.8
141
19.4

727
29.6
579
23.6
147
20.3

734
29.9
583
23.8
151
20.6

16,138
10,250
63.5
9,928
61.5
322
3.1
5,888

16,558
10,666
64.4
10,391
62.8
274
2.6
5,892

16,482
10,443
63.4
10,189
61.8
254
2.4
6,040

16,138
10,287
63.7
9,951
61.7
335
3.3
5,852

16,433
10,527
64.1
10,227
62.2
299
2.8
5,906

16,400
10,521
64.2
10,262
62.6
259
2.5
5,879

16,399
10,713
65.3
10,409
63.5
305
2.8
5,686

16,558
10,705
64.7
10,429
63.0
276
2.6
5,852

16,482
10,478
63.6
10,214
62.0
264
2.5
6,004

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]

Seasonally adjusted(1)

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Dec.
2018

Nov.
2019

Dec.
2019

Dec.
2018

Aug.
2019

Sept.
2019

Oct.
2019

Nov.
2019

Dec.
2019

43,234
28,913
66.9
27,659
64.0
1,255
4.3
14,321

43,902
29,679
67.6
28,472
64.9
1,207
4.1
14,223

43,986
29,493
67.1
28,275
64.3
1,218
4.1
14,493

43,234
28,920
66.9
27,652
64.0
1,268
4.4
14,315

43,630
29,088
66.7
27,876
63.9
1,213
4.2
14,542

43,722
29,293
67.0
28,156
64.4
1,137
3.9
14,430

43,814
29,482
67.3
28,279
64.5
1,203
4.1
14,332

43,902
29,575
67.4
28,339
64.6
1,236
4.2
14,327

43,986
29,517
67.1
28,286
64.3
1,231
4.2
14,468

15,639
80.1
15,042
77.1
596
3.8

16,015
80.8
15,551
78.4
464
2.9

15,878
79.9
15,352
77.3
526
3.3

15,635
80.1
15,083
77.3
552
3.5

15,719
79.8
15,191
77.1
528
3.4

15,793
80.0
15,320
77.6
473
3.0

15,841
80.1
15,310
77.4
531
3.4

15,983
80.6
15,498
78.2
485
3.0

15,875
79.9
15,393
77.5
483
3.0

11,996
60.8
11,511
58.3
485
4.0

12,294
61.3
11,771
58.7
522
4.2

12,310
61.2
11,779
58.6
531
4.3

11,981
60.7
11,469
58.1
512
4.3

12,119
60.8
11,609
58.2
510
4.2

12,192
61.0
11,723
58.7
468
3.8

12,318
61.5
11,834
59.1
485
3.9

12,196
60.8
11,675
58.2
521
4.3

12,293
61.1
11,736
58.4
558
4.5

1,278
32.2
1,105
27.8
173
13.6

1,370
34.1
1,150
28.6
221
16.1

1,305
32.5
1,143
28.5
161
12.4

1,303
32.8
1,099
27.7
203
15.6

1,250
31.3
1,075
26.9
175
14.0

1,308
32.7
1,112
27.8
196
15.0

1,323
33.0
1,135
28.3
188
14.2

1,396
34.8
1,166
29.0
230
16.5

1,349
33.6
1,157
28.8
191
14.2

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January
data.
https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/empsit_01102020.htm

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Employment Situation News Release

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]

Not seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment

Dec.
2018

Nov.
2019

Seasonally adjusted

Dec.
2019

Dec.
2018

Aug.
2019

Sept.
2019

Oct.
2019

Nov.
2019

Dec.
2019

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

10,265
46.0
9,604
43.1
661
6.4

9,778
46.6
9,279
44.2
498
5.1

9,918
46.6
9,330
43.8
588
5.9

10,246
46.0
9,654
43.3
592
5.8

10,020
47.1
9,478
44.5
542
5.4

9,917
45.9
9,440
43.7
477
4.8

9,783
47.2
9,240
44.6
543
5.5

9,761
46.5
9,245
44.1
516
5.3

9,895
46.5
9,379
44.0
516
5.2

High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

36,011
57.8
34,631
55.6
1,380
3.8

36,238
58.1
34,977
56.1
1,260
3.5

35,923
58.2
34,585
56.0
1,337
3.7

36,186
58.1
34,814
55.9
1,372
3.8

36,313
57.3
35,011
55.3
1,302
3.6

36,305
57.8
34,990
55.7
1,315
3.6

36,263
57.8
34,928
55.6
1,335
3.7

36,178
58.0
34,850
55.9
1,328
3.7

36,094
58.5
34,764
56.3
1,330
3.7

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

37,132
65.6
35,952
63.5
1,180
3.2

37,626
65.0
36,572
63.2
1,054
2.8

37,499
64.7
36,516
63.0
983
2.6

37,160
65.6
35,936
63.5
1,224
3.3

37,701
65.6
36,558
63.6
1,143
3.0

37,455
65.1
36,370
63.2
1,085
2.9

37,585
64.8
36,515
63.0
1,069
2.8

37,478
64.7
36,393
62.9
1,085
2.9

37,509
64.7
36,491
63.0
1,018
2.7

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

58,701
73.6
57,519
72.1
1,182
2.0

60,112
74.2
59,024
72.8
1,088
1.8

60,174
73.8
59,096
72.5
1,079
1.8

58,535
73.4
57,264
71.8
1,271
2.2

58,866
74.0
57,630
72.4
1,236
2.1

59,159
74.0
57,966
72.5
1,193
2.0

59,555
73.9
58,319
72.3
1,235
2.1

59,924
74.0
58,750
72.5
1,174
2.0

59,938
73.5
58,778
72.1
1,160
1.9

Footnotes
(1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
(2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal
adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]

Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Dec.
2018

Men
Dec.
2019

Dec.
2018

Women
Dec.
2019

Dec.
2018

Dec.
2019

VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

19,028
9,337
49.1
9,040
47.5
296
3.2
9,691

18,638
9,323
50.0
9,058
48.6
265
2.8
9,315

17,153
8,175
47.7
7,906
46.1
269
3.3
8,978

16,745
8,202
49.0
7,959
47.5
243
3.0
8,543

1,875
1,162
62.0
1,135
60.5
27
2.3
713

1,893
1,121
59.2
1,100
58.1
22
1.9
772

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

4,251
3,437
80.8
3,313
77.9
124
3.6
814

4,383
3,526
80.4
3,418
78.0
108
3.1
857

3,556
2,951
83.0
2,841
79.9
110
3.7
605

3,619
2,995
82.8
2,904
80.2
91
3.0
624

696
486
69.9
471
67.8
15
3.0
210

764
531
69.5
514
67.3
17
3.1
233

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population

3,062

3,151

2,547

2,671

514

480

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not
shown where base is less than 75,000).
https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/empsit_01102020.htm

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Employment Situation News Release

Total
Dec.
2018

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Men
Dec.
2019

Dec.
2018

Women
Dec.
2019

Dec.
2018

Dec.
2019

2,371
77.5
2,300
75.1
71
3.0
690

2,381
75.6
2,322
73.7
59
2.5
770

1,988
78.0
1,924
75.5
64
3.2
559

2,055
77.0
2,000
74.9
55
2.7
615

383
74.5
376
73.2
7
1.9
131

325
67.8
322
67.1
3
1.0
155

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

7,434
1,550
20.8
1,511
20.3
39
2.5
5,884

6,945
1,450
20.9
1,403
20.2
47
3.3
5,495

7,179
1,492
20.8
1,453
20.2
39
2.6
5,687

6,701
1,404
20.9
1,357
20.2
47
3.4
5,297

255
57
22.5
57
22.5
0
198

244
46
19.0
46
18.9
0
198

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

4,281
1,978
46.2
1,917
44.8
62
3.1
2,303

4,159
1,966
47.3
1,915
46.0
51
2.6
2,193

3,871
1,744
45.0
1,687
43.6
56
3.2
2,127

3,754
1,748
46.6
1,698
45.2
50
2.8
2,006

410
235
57.3
230
56.0
5
2.2
175

405
219
54.0
217
53.6
2
0.7
186

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

231,032
151,248
65.5
145,746
63.1
5,502
3.6
79,785

232,706
152,648
65.6
147,652
63.4
4,996
3.3
80,059

103,609
76,777
74.1
73,757
71.2
3,020
3.9
26,831

104,721
77,373
73.9
74,712
71.3
2,661
3.4
27,348

127,424
74,470
58.4
71,989
56.5
2,481
3.3
52,954

127,985
75,275
58.8
72,940
57.0
2,335
3.1
52,710

Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not
shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]

Persons with a disability
Employment status, sex, and age

Dec.
2018

Persons with no disability

Dec.
2019

Dec.
2018

Dec.
2019

TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

30,426
6,288
20.7
5,793
19.0
495
7.9
24,138

30,705
6,281
20.5
5,840
19.0
440
7.0
24,425

228,462
156,222
68.4
150,688
66.0
5,535
3.5
72,240

229,476
157,726
68.7
152,663
66.5
5,063
3.2
71,749

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

2,690
35.5
2,469
32.6
221
8.2
4,880

2,657
34.9
2,445
32.2
211
7.9
4,948

77,618
82.3
74,570
79.1
3,048
3.9
16,681

77,840
82.7
75,176
79.9
2,664
3.4
16,268

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed

2,455
31.2
2,230

2,389
31.6
2,201

69,515
71.6
67,262

70,052
72.1
67,898

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when
wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty
walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical,
mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/empsit_01102020.htm

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Persons with a disability
Dec.
2018

Employment status, sex, and age

Persons with no disability

Dec.
2019

Dec.
2018

Dec.
2019

Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

28.3
225
9.2
5,414

29.1
188
7.9
5,165

69.3
2,253
3.2
27,528

69.9
2,154
3.1
27,105

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

1,144
7.6
1,094
7.3
49
4.3
13,843

1,235
7.9
1,193
7.7
42
3.4
14,312

9,090
24.5
8,856
23.9
234
2.6
28,031

9,834
25.7
9,589
25.1
245
2.5
28,376

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when
wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty
walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical,
mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]

Total

Men

Dec.
2018

Employment status and nativity

Dec.
2019

Dec.
2018

Women
Dec.
2019

Dec.
2018

Dec.
2019

Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

42,985
28,359
66.0
27,393
63.7
966
3.4
14,626

42,438
28,086
66.2
27,223
64.1
863
3.1
14,352

20,855
16,140
77.4
15,633
75.0
507
3.1
4,715

20,625
15,936
77.3
15,513
75.2
422
2.7
4,689

22,130
12,219
55.2
11,761
53.1
459
3.8
9,911

21,813
12,150
55.7
11,709
53.7
441
3.6
9,663

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

215,903
134,151
62.1
129,088
59.8
5,064
3.8
81,752

217,743
135,921
62.4
131,281
60.3
4,640
3.4
81,822

104,372
69,717
66.8
66,807
64.0
2,910
4.2
34,655

105,228
70,564
67.1
67,954
64.6
2,610
3.7
34,663

111,532
64,435
57.8
62,281
55.8
2,154
3.3
47,097

112,516
65,357
58.1
63,327
56.3
2,030
3.1
47,159

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying
areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying
areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]

Not seasonally adjusted
Category
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries
Wage and salary workers(1)
Self-employed workers, unincorporated
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers(1)
Government
Private industries

Dec.
2018

Nov.
2019

Dec.
2019

Seasonally adjusted
Dec.
2018

Aug.
2019

Sept.
2019

Oct.
2019

Nov.
2019

Dec.
2019

2,393

2,363

2,449

2,491

2,414

2,416

2,473

2,356

2,533

1,659

1,676

1,795

1,718

1,579

1,634

1,651

1,661

1,849

708
26
154,088

663
24
156,581

637
17
156,055

759
154,266

785
155,546

765
155,816

793
155,970

692
156,167

684
156,241

145,063

147,544

147,176

145,366

146,586

146,852

147,118

147,275

147,431

20,709
124,354

21,619
125,925

21,367
125,808

20,654
124,657

20,968
125,582

21,144
125,734

21,513
125,812

21,342
125,996

21,323
126,069

Footnotes
(1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
(2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week.
(3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find
full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
(4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or
Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for
reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/empsit_01102020.htm

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Not seasonally adjusted
Category
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers, unincorporated
Unpaid family workers

Seasonally adjusted

Dec.
2018

Nov.
2019

Dec.
2019

Dec.
2018

Aug.
2019

Sept.
2019

Oct.
2019

Nov.
2019

Dec.
2019

879
123,474
8,973
52

824
125,101
8,954
83

841
124,968
8,809
70

123,795
9,012
-

124,731
8,895
-

124,864
8,850
-

124,979
8,811
-

125,157
8,856
-

125,250
8,821
-

4,740

4,110

4,247

4,655

4,381

4,336

4,397

4,288

4,148

2,984
1,456

2,512
1,249

2,742
1,190

2,895
1,487

2,683
1,338

2,600
1,310

2,747
1,278

2,634
1,259

2,657
1,215

21,726

22,482

22,086

21,230

21,673

21,559

21,544

21,532

21,586

4,621

4,053

4,170

4,570

4,303

4,257

4,306

4,221

4,111

2,909
1,435

2,476
1,246

2,685
1,186

2,832
1,464

2,626
1,325

2,554
1,300

2,684
1,267

2,599
1,254

2,613
1,209

21,349

22,109

21,685

20,830

21,284

21,178

21,137

21,163

21,180

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)

Footnotes
(1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
(2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week.
(3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find
full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
(4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or
Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for
reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]

Not seasonally adjusted
Dec.
2018

Nov.
2019

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 years and over

156,481
5,023
1,695
3,328
151,458
13,753
137,706
100,845
35,664
32,884
32,298
36,860

158,945
5,055
1,914
3,141
153,890
14,037
139,852
102,027
36,351
33,459
32,217
37,826

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 years and over

82,440
2,404
777
1,627
80,036
6,934
73,102
53,612
19,084
17,645
16,883
19,490

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

74,041
2,619
918
1,701
71,422
6,819
64,604

Characteristic

Dec.
2019

Seasonally adjusted
Dec.
2018

Aug.
2019

Sept.
2019

Oct.
2019

Nov.
2019

Dec.
2019

158,504
5,029
1,793
3,236
153,474
13,947
139,527
101,783
36,263
33,432
32,088
37,744

156,825
5,205
1,776
3,439
151,620
13,939
137,649
100,746
35,640
32,868
32,238
36,903

157,895
5,184
1,839
3,347
152,711
14,047
138,542
101,074
35,945
33,165
31,964
37,468

158,298
5,162
1,809
3,321
153,136
14,282
138,787
101,201
35,928
33,385
31,887
37,586

158,544
5,218
1,851
3,411
153,326
14,362
139,023
101,437
36,070
33,390
31,978
37,585

158,536
5,278
1,978
3,315
153,258
14,112
139,176
101,517
36,190
33,293
32,033
37,660

158,803
5,213
1,874
3,339
153,590
14,142
139,426
101,653
36,230
33,406
32,017
37,773

83,973
2,509
862
1,647
81,464
7,073
74,391
54,247
19,451
17,915
16,880
20,144

83,467
2,527
797
1,730
80,940
7,001
73,940
53,863
19,295
17,819
16,748
20,077

83,016
2,520
855
1,667
80,496
7,079
73,392
53,760
19,152
17,708
16,900
19,631

83,613
2,567
894
1,663
81,046
7,096
73,835
53,773
19,208
17,773
16,793
20,061

83,747
2,601
896
1,686
81,146
7,208
73,896
53,870
19,197
17,928
16,745
20,026

83,776
2,580
899
1,694
81,196
7,208
73,986
53,952
19,312
17,875
16,765
20,034

84,018
2,640
929
1,717
81,377
7,157
74,224
54,101
19,413
17,890
16,797
20,124

84,034
2,644
876
1,766
81,390
7,152
74,217
54,005
19,364
17,881
16,761
20,212

74,971
2,546
1,052
1,494
72,426
6,964
65,461

75,036
2,502
996
1,506
72,534
6,947
65,587

73,808
2,685
921
1,772
71,123
6,860
64,258

74,282
2,617
946
1,684
71,665
6,950
64,708

74,551
2,561
914
1,635
71,990
7,073
64,891

74,769
2,639
952
1,717
72,130
7,154
65,037

74,518
2,637
1,049
1,598
71,881
6,955
64,952

74,769
2,568
999
1,573
72,200
6,990
65,208

Footnotes
(1) Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
(2) Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
(3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
(4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/empsit_01102020.htm

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Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Dec.
2018

Nov.
2019

Seasonally adjusted

Dec.
2019

Dec.
2018

Aug.
2019

Sept.
2019

Oct.
2019

Nov.
2019

Dec.
2019

47,233
16,580
15,238
15,415
17,371

47,780
16,900
15,543
15,337
17,681

47,921
16,969
15,613
15,339
17,666

46,986
16,488
15,159
15,338
17,272

47,301
16,738
15,392
15,171
17,406

47,331
16,731
15,457
15,143
17,560

47,486
16,758
15,514
15,214
17,551

47,416
16,777
15,403
15,236
17,536

47,648
16,866
15,525
15,256
17,561

45,720

46,035

45,969

45,908

46,221

46,011

45,971

46,059

46,177

36,603

36,896

36,913

36,342

36,389

36,478

36,657

36,581

36,631

9,667

9,618

9,757

-

-

-

-

-

-

Full-time workers(3)

129,143

131,385

131,142

129,825

130,877

131,123

131,518

131,561

131,755

Part-time workers(4)

27,338

27,560

27,362

26,982

26,988

27,079

26,992

26,958

26,992

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders
Percent of total employed

8,030
5.1

8,279
5.2

8,058
5.1

7,918
5.0

8,335
5.3

8,312
5.3

8,132
5.1

8,107
5.1

7,946
5.0

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated
Self-employed workers, unincorporated

6,085
9,682

6,299
9,618

6,554
9,446

9,771

9,679

9,615

9,604

9,548

9,506

25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 years and over
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)
Married women, spouse

present(1)

Women who maintain families(2)
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Footnotes
(1) Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
(2) Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
(3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
(4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)
Characteristic

Dec.
2018

Nov.
2019

Unemployment rates

Dec.
2019

Dec.
2018

Aug.
2019

Sept.
2019

Oct.
2019

Nov.
2019

Dec.
2019

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 years and over

6,286
750
288
473
5,536
1,074
4,452
3,365
1,460
935
970
1,096

5,811
721
286
438
5,090
972
4,126
3,110
1,339
930
842
998

5,753
752
298
461
5,001
958
4,045
3,133
1,344
947
842
911

3.9
12.6
13.9
12.1
3.5
7.2
3.1
3.2
3.9
2.8
2.9
2.9

3.7
12.5
12.8
12.1
3.3
7.1
2.9
3.1
3.6
2.7
2.8
2.6

3.5
12.5
13.1
12.2
3.2
6.3
2.9
3.0
3.6
2.6
2.8
2.4

3.6
12.3
14.0
11.3
3.2
6.2
2.9
3.0
3.7
2.6
2.6
2.6

3.5
12.0
12.6
11.7
3.2
6.4
2.9
3.0
3.6
2.7
2.6
2.6

3.5
12.6
13.7
12.1
3.2
6.3
2.8
3.0
3.6
2.8
2.6
2.4

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 years and over

3,390
403
150
268
2,987
605
2,372
1,777
741
513
523
595

3,086
407
152
257
2,679
563
2,134
1,596
741
469
386
538

3,015
397
150
260
2,618
555
2,064
1,619
728
466
424
445

3.9
13.8
14.9
13.9
3.6
7.9
3.1
3.2
3.7
2.8
3.0
2.9

3.7
13.6
14.4
13.3
3.3
7.8
2.9
3.1
3.7
2.6
2.8
2.4

3.6
13.7
13.1
14.0
3.2
7.2
2.8
3.0
3.8
2.4
2.7
2.3

3.6
13.7
14.4
13.2
3.2
7.5
2.8
2.9
3.7
2.4
2.6
2.4

3.5
13.4
14.1
13.0
3.2
7.3
2.8
2.9
3.7
2.6
2.2
2.6

3.5
13.0
14.6
12.8
3.1
7.2
2.7
2.9
3.6
2.5
2.5
2.2

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years

2,896
347
138
205
2,550
469

2,725
314
133
181
2,411
409

2,738
355
148
201
2,383
403

3.8
11.4
13.0
10.4
3.5
6.4

3.6
11.4
11.3
10.8
3.3
6.3

3.4
11.2
13.2
10.2
3.1
5.4

3.5
10.8
13.6
9.4
3.2
4.8

3.5
10.6
11.3
10.2
3.2
5.5

3.5
12.1
12.9
11.3
3.2
5.5

Footnotes
(1) Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.
(2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
(3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.
(4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/empsit_01102020.htm

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Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)
Characteristic

Dec.
2018

Nov.
2019

Unemployment rates

Dec.
2019

Dec.
2018

Aug.
2019

Sept.
2019

Oct.
2019

Nov.
2019

Dec.
2019

2,079
1,588
719
421
447
495

1,992
1,514
598
460
455
472

1,981
1,514
616
481
417
476

3.1
3.3
4.2
2.7
2.8
2.8

3.0
3.1
3.5
3.0
2.7
2.8

2.9
3.0
3.3
2.9
2.8
2.6

3.0
3.1
3.7
2.9
2.7
2.7

3.0
3.1
3.4
2.9
2.9
2.6

2.9
3.1
3.5
3.0
2.7
2.6

947

895

751

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.9

1.6

877

837

798

2.4

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.2

2.1

453

480

425

4.5

5.1

4.7

5.4

4.8

4.2

Full-time workers(3)

4,945

4,754

4,664

3.7

3.5

3.4

3.5

3.5

3.4

Part-time workers(4)

1,331

1,065

1,087

4.7

4.4

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.9

25 years and over
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 years and over
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)
Married women, spouse

present(1)

Women who maintain families(2)
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Footnotes
(1) Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.
(2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
(3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.
(4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]

Not seasonally adjusted
Dec.
2018

Reason

Nov.
2019

Seasonally adjusted

Dec.
2019

Dec.
2018

Aug.
2019

Sept.
2019

Oct.
2019

Nov.
2019

Dec.
2019

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2,947
834
2,113
1,415
698
775
1,810
496

2,561
638
1,923
1,336
587
759
1,599
522

2,752
873
1,879
1,296
583
776
1,524
452

2,892
768
2,123
1,419
704
827
1,968
600

2,864
812
2,052
1,388
664
784
1,785
577

2,575
729
1,846
1,318
528
840
1,669
673

2,691
772
1,919
1,260
659
846
1,698
622

2,804
768
2,036
1,422
614
776
1,663
581

2,686
807
1,880
1,295
585
829
1,655
551

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

48.9
13.8
35.0
12.9
30.0
8.2

47.1
11.7
35.4
13.9
29.4
9.6

50.0
15.9
34.1
14.1
27.7
8.2

46.0
12.2
33.8
13.2
31.3
9.5

47.7
13.5
34.1
13.0
29.7
9.6

44.7
12.7
32.1
14.6
29.0
11.7

45.9
13.2
32.8
14.4
29.0
10.6

48.1
13.2
35.0
13.3
28.6
10.0

46.9
14.1
32.9
14.5
28.9
9.6

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

1.8
0.5
1.1
0.3

1.6
0.5
1.0
0.3

1.7
0.5
0.9
0.3

1.8
0.5
1.2
0.4

1.7
0.5
1.1
0.4

1.6
0.5
1.0
0.4

1.6
0.5
1.0
0.4

1.7
0.5
1.0
0.4

1.6
0.5
1.0
0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal
adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]

Not seasonally adjusted
Duration
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks

Dec.
2018

Nov.
2019

Seasonally adjusted

Dec.
2019

Dec.
2018

Aug.
2019

Sept.
2019

Oct.
2019

Nov.
2019

Dec.
2019

2,050
1,901
2,078
859
1,219

1,871
1,609
1,962
818
1,143

2,001
1,651
1,852
755
1,097

2,117
2,007
2,210
899
1,311

2,218
1,746
2,082
831
1,251

1,869
1,778
2,124
806
1,318

1,978
1,747
2,144
884
1,259

2,026
1,753
2,083
865
1,219

2,065
1,730
1,998
812
1,186

21.5
8.9

20.8
9.3

20.3
8.4

22.0
9.4

22.1
9.0

21.7
9.4

21.6
9.2

20.2
9.2

20.8
9.0

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal
adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/empsit_01102020.htm

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Not seasonally adjusted
Dec.
2018

Duration

34.0
31.5
34.5
14.2
20.2

Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

Nov.
2019
34.4
29.6
36.1
15.0
21.0

Seasonally adjusted

Dec.
2019

Dec.
2018

36.4
30.0
33.6
13.7
19.9

Aug.
2019

33.4
31.7
34.9
14.2
20.7

Sept.
2019

36.7
28.9
34.4
13.7
20.7

Oct.
2019

32.4
30.8
36.8
14.0
22.8

Nov.
2019

33.7
29.8
36.5
15.1
21.5

Dec.
2019

34.6
29.9
35.5
14.7
20.8

35.6
29.9
34.5
14.0
20.5

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal
adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]

Employed
Occupation
Total, 16 years and over(1)
Management, professional, and related occupations
Management, business, and financial operations occupations
Professional and related occupations
Service occupations
Sales and office occupations
Sales and related occupations
Office and administrative support occupations
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
Construction and extraction occupations
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations
Production occupations
Transportation and material moving occupations

Unemployed
Dec.
2018

Dec.
2019

Unemployment
rates

Dec.
2018

Dec.
2019

Dec.
2018

Dec.
2019

156,481

158,504

6,029

5,503

3.7

3.4

63,642
26,450
37,192
26,271
33,718
16,217
17,500
14,439
1,148
8,390
4,901

65,682
27,748
37,935
26,487
33,441
15,672
17,769
14,329
1,171
8,143
5,016

1,368
582
786
1,301
1,244
602
642
858
143
539
175

1,171
533
638
1,198
1,062
528
533
782
130
547
105

2.1
2.2
2.1
4.7
3.6
3.6
3.5
5.6
11.1
6.0
3.4

1.8
1.9
1.7
4.3
3.1
3.3
2.9
5.2
10.0
6.3
2.0

18,412

18,564

746

826

3.9

4.3

8,689
9,722

8,229
10,335

298
448

372
454

3.3
4.4

4.3
4.2

Footnotes
(1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)
Industry and class of worker

Dec.
2018

Total, 16 years and over(1)
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Wholesale and retail trade
Transportation and utilities
Information
Financial activities
Professional and business services
Education and health services
Leisure and hospitality
Other services
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers
Government workers
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers

Dec.
2019

Unemployment
rates
Dec.
2018

Dec.
2019

6,029

5,503

3.7

3.4

4,605
21
493
441
231
210
753
280
103
248
723
519
814
211
151
526
251

4,207
31
489
422
246
175
726
196
48
236
546
604
685
225
185
393
266

3.6
2.6
5.1
2.8
2.3
3.5
3.7
3.9
3.9
2.4
4.3
2.1
6.0
3.0
8.6
2.5
2.5

3.2
3.8
5.0
2.7
2.5
3.1
3.6
2.6
1.9
2.3
3.1
2.4
5.0
3.2
9.6
1.8
2.7

Footnotes
(1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]

Not seasonally
adjusted
Measure
https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/empsit_01102020.htm

Seasonally adjusted

Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
2018 2019 2019 2018 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019
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Employment Situation News Release

Not seasonally
adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
2018 2019 2019 2018 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019

Measure
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force
plus discouraged workers
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally
attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total
employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
persons marginally attached to the labor force

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.8

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.6

3.7

3.3

3.4

3.9

3.7

3.5

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.9

3.5

3.5

4.1

3.9

3.7

3.8

3.7

3.7

4.6

4.0

4.1

4.8

4.6

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.2

7.5

6.5

6.7

7.6

7.2

6.9

6.9

6.9

6.7

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a
job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not
currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a parttime schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]

Total
Dec.
2018

Category
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force
Persons who currently want a job
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)
Discouraged workers(2)
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)

Men

Dec.
2019

Dec.
2018

Women
Dec.
2019

Dec.
2018

Dec.
2019

96,378
5,121

96,174
4,643

39,370
2,514

39,352
2,336

57,008
2,607

56,822
2,307

1,556

1,246

878

688

678

558

375

277

232

172

143

105

1,181

969

646

516

535

452

8,030

8,058

3,952

3,972

4,078

4,086

5.1
4,329
2,177
267
1,203

5.1
4,419
2,072
336
1,165

4.8
2,331
733
180
700

4.8
2,377
727
221
606

5.5
1,998
1,445
88
504

5.4
2,041
1,344
115
560

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)
Percent of total employed
Primary job full time, secondary job part time
Primary and secondary jobs both part time
Primary and secondary jobs both full time
Hours vary on primary or secondary job

Footnotes
(1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not
looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
(2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training,
employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
(3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as
well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
(4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Not seasonally adjusted

Industry
Total nonfarm
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining and logging
Logging
Mining
Oil and gas extraction
Mining, except oil and gas
Coal mining
Metal ore mining
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying
Support activities for mining

Seasonally adjusted

Nov.
Dec.
2019(P) 2019(P)

Change
from:
Nov.2019 Dec.2019(P)

151,203 153,001 153,620 153,342 150,275 151,982 152,238 152,383
128,363 129,995 130,493 130,344 127,790 129,355 129,598 129,737
20,881 21,292 21,217 21,052 20,961 21,086 21,138 21,137

145
139
-1

Dec.
2018

753
47.7
705.4
148.3
192.8
52.9
40.9
99.0
364.3

Oct.
2019

Nov.
Dec.
2019(P) 2019(P)

759
52.4
706.1
165.9
194.2
53.2
39.6
101.4
346.0

745
52.5
692.8
165.6
192.9
53.3
39.5
100.1
334.3

731
50.9
680.2
167.1
187.6
52.1
39.3
96.2
325.5

Dec.
2018

752
47.2
705.1
148.3
194.9
52.7
41.0
101.1
361.9

Oct.
2019

748
51.1
697.2
165.7
191.6
52.9
39.9
98.9
339.9

740
51.0
688.6
165.1
191.9
53.2
39.7
99.0
331.6

731
50.3
681.0
167.6
190.0
52.0
39.4
98.5
323.4

-9
-0.7
-7.6
2.5
-1.9
-1.2
-0.3
-0.5
-8.2

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
(3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
(P) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/empsit_01102020.htm

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Employment Situation News Release

Not seasonally adjusted

Industry
Construction
Construction of buildings
Residential building
Nonresidential building
Heavy and civil engineering construction
Specialty trade contractors
Residential specialty trade contractors
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Wood products
Nonmetallic mineral products
Primary metals
Fabricated metal products
Machinery
Computer and electronic products
Computer and peripheral equipment
Communications equipment
Semiconductors and electronic components
Electronic instruments
Miscellaneous computer and electronic products
Electrical equipment and appliances
Transportation equipment(1)
parts(2)

Motor vehicles and
Furniture and related products
Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food manufacturing
Textile mills
Textile product mills
Apparel
Paper and paper products
Printing and related support activities
Petroleum and coal products
Chemicals
Plastics and rubber products
Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing
Private service-providing
Trade, transportation, and utilities
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Electronic markets and agents and brokers
Retail trade
Motor vehicle and parts dealers
Automobile dealers
Other motor vehicle dealers
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Electronics and appliance stores
Building material and garden supply stores
Food and beverage stores
Health and personal care stores
Gasoline stations
Clothing and clothing accessories stores
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores
General merchandise stores
Department stores
General merchandise stores, including warehouse
clubs and supercenters
Miscellaneous store retailers
Nonstore retailers
Transportation and warehousing
Air transportation

Seasonally adjusted

Nov.
Dec.
2019(P) 2019(P)

Dec.
2018

Oct.
2019

7,313
1,643.4
825.2
818.2
1,033.2
4,636.6
2,026.9
2,609.7

7,713
1,694.0
858.5
835.5
1,146.7
4,872.5
2,113.0
2,759.5

7,603
1,678.7
853.0
825.7
1,108.1
4,816.2
2,090.4
2,725.8

12,815

12,820

12,869

8,045
8,011
406.1
413.3
415.6
424.0
384.0
371.5
1,483.3 1,478.3
1,137.1 1,126.0
1,068.3 1,090.6
157.9
163.7
86.6
86.0
372.4
378.0
416.8
429.0
34.6
33.9
405.5
402.9
1,735.3 1,695.3

Nov.
Dec.
2019(P) 2019(P)

Change
from:
Nov.2019 Dec.2019(P)

Dec.
2018

Oct.
2019

7,456
1,664.9
844.5
820.4
1,048.1
4,742.8
2,054.6
2,688.2

7,400
1,649.7
824.7
825.0
1,075.4
4,674.5
2,046.7
2,627.8

7,529
1,666.3
844.9
821.4
1,087.2
4,775.2
2,074.8
2,700.4

7,531
1,667.1
845.6
821.5
1,089.5
4,774.1
2,073.0
2,701.1

7,551
1,671.1
844.5
826.6
1,091.3
4,788.2
2,077.3
2,710.9

20
4.0
-1.1
5.1
1.8
14.1
4.3
9.8

12,865

12,809

12,809

12,867

12,855

-12

8,064
412.7
422.2
372.0
1,481.3
1,125.8
1,094.5
164.9
86.6
379.4
429.3
34.3
403.9

8,067
8,036
8,015
413.5
406.2
411.9
416.2
417.6
418.1
371.7
382.0
372.6
1,475.0 1,481.2 1,479.5
1,126.6 1,137.0 1,130.9
1,099.4 1,067.6 1,092.7
166.3
158.1
164.0
86.7
86.4
86.1
380.2
372.3
379.5
431.9
416.5
429.5
34.3
34.3
33.6
406.1
404.9
403.2

8,063
412.1
418.0
372.9
1,479.8
1,128.9
1,096.2
164.9
86.5
380.2
430.7
33.9
403.9

8,056
413.3
416.8
370.6
1,472.6
1,126.8
1,097.7
165.7
86.5
379.7
431.8
34.0
404.8

-7
1.2
-1.2
-2.3
-7.2
-2.1
1.5
0.8
0.0
-0.5
1.1
0.1
0.9

1,739.3

1,745.5 1,731.6 1,698.4

1,739.7

1,741.6

1.9

1,008.4

946.6

988.0

990.4 1,005.1

948.4

987.7

986.9

-0.8

395.3
614.4

391.9
616.7

393.1
619.1

393.0
620.1

392.0
616.0

393.9
617.4

392.6
618.9

-1.3
1.5

4,770
4,809
1,629.0 1,662.4
113.0
110.6
116.5
113.3
108.9
104.6
370.4
368.9
427.8
419.0
114.6
116.0
850.6
857.0
738.3
737.8
301.0
319.7

4,805
1,657.2
110.2
113.8
102.4
368.7
418.7
114.0
859.7
742.5
317.6

4,798
4,773
4,794
1,652.1 1,631.7 1,649.0
109.7
112.6
110.4
113.2
116.1
113.1
101.4
108.4
104.3
370.5
370.7
370.2
417.1
425.5
417.7
114.1
116.7
114.0
862.6
849.4
859.9
744.6
737.7
741.0
312.6
304.5
313.9

4,804
1,656.0
110.1
113.3
102.2
370.0
416.7
114.9
861.8
742.3
316.8

4,799
1,652.3
109.6
113.0
101.7
370.2
415.1
116.0
861.6
743.2
316.5

-5
-3.7
-0.5
-0.3
-0.5
0.2
-1.6
1.1
-0.2
0.9
-0.3

107,482 108,703 109,276 109,292 106,829 108,269 108,460 108,600

140

28,512

27,918

28,486

5,913.6 5,964.0
3,195.2 3,231.4
2,165.9 2,174.6
552.5
558.0

5,965.6
3,229.0
2,177.0
559.6

16,309.2
2,026.1
1,303.5
152.4
570.2
507.3
489.7
1,264.2
3,138.2
1,090.0
939.9
1,477.9
596.5
3,319.0
1,280.9

27,877

27,873

27,913

40

5,977.6 5,901.3 5,957.4
3,238.1 3,189.8 3,233.4
2,179.1 2,160.5 2,167.0
560.4
551.0
557.0

5,954.9
3,229.1
2,168.5
557.3

5,963.2
3,231.8
2,173.5
557.9

8.3
2.7
5.0
0.6

15,800.0 16,248.2 16,324.5 15,821.0 15,802.4 15,788.3 15,829.5
2,069.2 2,074.5 2,070.4 2,033.8 2,065.1 2,073.8 2,076.7
1,311.3 1,311.5 1,314.0 1,304.9 1,308.7 1,311.5 1,314.9
161.2
158.9
155.8
159.7
161.8
162.9
162.9
596.7
604.1
600.6
569.2
594.6
599.5
598.9
482.7
496.4
504.5
484.5
481.6
481.0
482.7
473.1
485.8
487.9
474.2
470.5
468.1
470.7
1,299.7 1,286.3 1,287.2 1,301.0 1,323.0 1,317.5 1,324.6
3,139.0 3,166.9 3,169.6 3,107.9 3,137.6 3,140.0 3,137.9
1,052.5 1,069.0 1,075.3 1,062.3 1,052.6 1,047.1 1,046.6
961.6
963.0
956.5
942.7
959.8
959.2
959.2
1,283.5 1,389.0 1,437.7 1,348.2 1,302.3 1,280.0 1,313.2
557.5
591.9
600.3
542.8
557.1
551.3
548.4
3,072.7 3,301.6 3,316.1 3,105.1 3,061.6 3,084.1 3,086.9
1,124.7 1,250.6 1,282.3 1,142.6 1,123.3 1,134.6 1,138.9

41.2
2.9
3.4
0.0
-0.6
1.7
2.6
7.1
-2.1
-0.5
0.0
33.2
-2.9
2.8
4.3

2,038.1 1,948.0
857.9
602.5

2,051.0

832.3
576.2

836.4
587.4

5,733.7 5,604.7
506.5
520.5

5,721.4
517.7

28,660

395.2
613.1

27,788

2,033.8 1,962.5 1,938.3

1,949.5

1,947.9

-1.6

821.2
570.0

819.0
567.2

813.5
569.1

-5.5
1.9

5,804.7 5,511.0 5,566.6
519.4
508.3
521.4

5,578.5
520.5

5,568.1
521.3

-10.4
0.8

826.2
592.8

842.3
576.2

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
(3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
(P) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/empsit_01102020.htm

21/28

2/11/2020

Employment Situation News Release

Not seasonally adjusted

Industry
Rail transportation
Water transportation
Truck transportation
Transit and ground passenger transportation
Pipeline transportation
Scenic and sightseeing transportation
Support activities for transportation
Couriers and messengers
Warehousing and storage
Utilities
Information
Publishing industries, except Internet
Motion picture and sound recording industries
Broadcasting, except Internet
Telecommunications
Data processing, hosting and related services
Other information services
Financial activities
Finance and insurance
Monetary authorities - central bank
Credit intermediation and related
activities
Depository credit intermediation(1)
Commercial banking
Nondepository credit intermediation
Activities related to credit intermediation
Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds
and trusts
Insurance carriers and related activities
Real estate and rental and leasing
Real estate
Rental and leasing services
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets
Professional and business services
Professional and technical services
Legal services
Accounting and bookkeeping services
Architectural and engineering services
Specialized design services
Computer systems design and related services
Management and technical consulting services
Scientific research and development services
Advertising and related services
Other professional and technical services
Management of companies and enterprises
Administrative and waste services
Administrative and support services
Office administrative services
Facilities support services
Employment services(1)
Temporary help services
Business support services
Travel arrangement and reservation services
Investigation and security services
Services to buildings and dwellings
Other support services
Waste management and remediation services
Education and health services
Educational services
Health care and social assistance
Health care(3)
Ambulatory health care services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Offices of other health practitioners

Dec.
2018

Oct.
2019

Seasonally adjusted

Nov.
Dec.
2019(P) 2019(P)

215.0
196.2
63.9
65.7
1,511.7 1,528.7
503.1
509.0
47.8
47.7
29.3
34.5
726.4
726.8
925.5
765.6
1,204.5 1,210.0

194.2
63.9
1,523.3
509.2
47.7
30.6
728.5
865.4
1,240.9

Dec.
2018

Oct.
2019

194.2
215.4
196.2
62.7
64.9
65.1
1,509.3 1,511.6 1,513.3
511.2
487.4
490.8
47.7
47.7
47.6
29.6
34.6
34.1
732.6
721.3
723.5
962.0
749.8
777.9
1,236.0 1,170.0 1,196.7

Nov.
Dec.
2019(P) 2019(P)

Change
from:
Nov.2019 Dec.2019(P)

194.1
64.5
1,512.9
492.9
47.8
35.0
725.7
782.4
1,202.7

194.8
63.7
1,509.4
495.6
47.7
35.0
727.1
773.0
1,200.5

0.7
-0.8
-3.5
2.7
-0.1
0.0
1.4
-9.4
-2.2

555.4

549.3

550.9

553.4

554.6

550.2

551.4

552.2

0.8

2,839
735.5
440.6
271.9
740.5
329.1
321.6

2,836
744.8
429.3
269.6
710.5
339.8
342.2

2,864
747.2
448.1
270.0
711.6
341.0
346.1

2,857
745.2
441.1
268.3
712.4
343.0
346.7

2,827
732.8
439.1
270.4
735.5
329.5
319.7

2,828
743.1
424.3
267.7
711.3
339.0
342.6

2,836
743.5
430.2
267.6
708.5
340.7
345.1

2,839
742.8
433.8
266.7
707.3
342.8
345.5

3
-0.7
3.6
-0.9
-1.2
2.1
0.4

8,622
8,732
6,339.6 6,380.4
19.6
19.4

8,729
6,388.5
19.3

8,744
8,615
8,717
6,399.0 6,328.1 6,375.0
19.4
19.6
19.4

8,731
6,381.9
19.4

8,737
6,386.7
19.4

6
4.8
0.0

2,641.2 2,646.0

2,651.9

2,661.3 2,638.5 2,646.9

2,652.1

2,657.4

5.3

1,712.1 1,709.3

1,714.9

1,721.5 1,714.5 1,715.4

1,718.6

1,722.6

4.0

1,313.4 1,304.0
620.6
625.4
308.5
311.3

1,308.5
624.4
312.6

1,312.7 1,315.5 1,309.2
627.4
616.6
621.2
312.4
307.3
310.3

1,311.6
622.2
311.3

1,313.8
624.0
310.8

2.2
1.8
-0.5

977.3

976.7

977.4

0.7

970.1

979.0

976.9

2,708.7 2,736.0
2,282.8 2,351.4
1,687.3 1,733.4
572.1
594.8
23.4
23.2

2,740.4
2,340.8
1,729.7
587.8
23.3

2,739.0 2,703.1 2,731.4
2,344.9 2,286.9 2,341.7
1,738.3 1,682.8 1,725.7
583.1
580.8
592.9
23.5
23.3
23.1

2,733.7
2,348.6
1,731.1
594.3
23.2

2,732.5
2,349.9
1,734.1
592.5
23.3

-1.2
1.3
3.0
-1.8
0.1

21,345
9,463.6
1,146.6
1,030.8
1,494.5
148.6
2,164.1
1,519.0
710.5
493.1
756.4
2,398.4
9,483.3
9,038.2
519.3
155.0

21,815
9,661.5
1,152.5
1,011.3
1,529.5
153.6
2,244.3
1,572.1
736.2
494.1
767.9
2,433.7
9,719.9
9,252.5
533.2
160.1

21,877
9,724.9
1,154.6
1,040.1
1,531.9
153.6
2,258.6
1,572.5
741.8
495.5
776.3
2,437.4
9,714.6
9,246.4
533.6
158.7

21,745
9,739.2
1,157.0
1,069.7
1,531.6
153.1
2,244.2
1,570.4
744.8
493.6
774.8
2,443.9
9,561.6
9,093.9
533.8
158.1

21,588
9,667.5
1,148.8
1,064.0
1,522.6
152.3
2,233.0
1,554.8
738.0
492.0
761.9
2,435.0
9,485.8
9,019.9
532.3
158.5

21,641
9,701.1
1,152.0
1,066.8
1,529.7
151.3
2,242.5
1,555.6
741.9
493.5
767.6
2,437.7
9,502.5
9,033.6
532.5
158.3

21,651
9,710.3
1,150.4
1,071.4
1,532.8
150.8
2,243.2
1,557.3
744.7
491.9
768.0
2,441.3
9,499.8
9,030.3
534.3
158.2

10
9.2
-1.6
4.6
3.1
-0.5
0.7
1.7
2.8
-1.6
0.4
3.6
-2.7
-3.3
1.8
-0.1

3,860.8 3,874.3

3,905.9

3,874.0 3,731.2 3,728.7

3,733.4

3,736.8

3.4

3,178.7 3,162.8
921.2
891.9
213.9
216.3
954.4
964.3
2,087.6 2,265.2
326.0
347.2
445.1
467.4

3,194.9
907.5
218.8
965.6
2,211.2
345.1
468.2

3,169.9 3,059.8 3,032.9
903.2
897.5
878.2
218.6
216.5
216.4
964.1
948.1
957.4
2,101.2 2,177.2 2,205.5
340.9
331.6
342.9
467.7
447.2
465.9

3,036.9
883.3
220.0
958.3
2,200.2
347.6
468.9

3,043.3
880.0
221.1
959.2
2,194.5
346.1
469.5

6.4
-3.3
1.1
0.9
-5.7
-1.5
0.6

24,092 24,654 24,785 24,737 23,912 24,451 24,523 24,559
3,852.5 3,989.7 4,033.6 3,942.5 3,745.5 3,825.7 3,834.6 3,835.9
20,239.8 20,664.2 20,751.7 20,794.9 20,166.1 20,625.0 20,688.8 20,722.7

36
1.3
33.9

16,248.1 16,536.1 16,599.3 16,646.3 16,184.7 16,509.3 16,555.4 16,583.5

28.1

7,649.2 7,844.8
2,664.8 2,710.6
975.5
984.1
957.5
982.7

7,885.8
2,728.2
991.3
983.9

979.3

966.9

21,254
9,434.9
1,139.9
1,034.3
1,495.3
146.3
2,162.2
1,505.7
710.3
491.6
749.5
2,395.3
9,423.3
8,976.1
518.6
155.3

7,917.4 7,614.6 7,828.4
2,741.7 2,647.8 2,703.3
992.0
971.5
983.9
988.3
954.0
980.8

7,860.9
2,718.1
989.2
979.7

7,884.0
2,723.5
989.1
984.6

23.1
5.4
-0.1
4.9

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
(3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
(P) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
https://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/empsit_01102020.htm

22/28

2/11/2020

Employment Situation News Release

Not seasonally adjusted

Industry
Outpatient care centers
Medical and diagnostic laboratories
Home health care services
Other ambulatory health care services
Hospitals
Nursing and residential care facilities
Nursing care facilities
Residential mental health facilities
Community care facilities for the elderly
Other residential care facilities
Social assistance
Individual and family services
Emergency and other relief services
Vocational rehabilitation services
Child day care services
Leisure and hospitality
Arts, entertainment, and recreation
Performing arts and spectator sports
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions
Amusements, gambling, and recreation
Accommodation and food services
Accommodation
Food services and drinking places
Other services
Repair and maintenance
Personal and laundry services
Membership associations and organizations
Government
Federal
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service
U.S. Postal Service
State government
State government education
State government, excluding education
Local government
Local government education
Local government, excluding education

Dec.
2018

Oct.
2019

956.9
283.6
1,506.7
304.2
5,207.4
3,391.5
1,617.5
649.2
955.8
169.0
3,991.7
2,503.5
179.2
329.7
979.3

980.8
297.3
1,571.8
317.5
5,282.7
3,408.6
1,606.5
655.9
974.5
171.7
4,128.1
2,608.1
178.9
330.7
1,010.4

16,213
2,264.2
494.7
166.1
1,603.4
13,949.0
1,967.8
11,981.2

Nov.
Dec.
2019(P) 2019(P)

Nov.
Dec.
2019(P) 2019(P)

Dec.
2018

Oct.
2019

993.6
300.4
1,583.4
318.0
5,311.4
3,417.5
1,604.2
658.3
981.9
173.1
4,148.6
2,621.8
182.1
330.3
1,014.4

953.9
282.4
1,500.3
304.7
5,195.1
3,375.0
1,609.2
647.2
949.7
168.9
3,981.4
2,502.2
177.2
330.1
971.9

981.7
296.7
1,566.0
316.1
5,276.4
3,404.5
1,604.6
656.2
972.2
171.5
4,115.7
2,606.0
179.2
330.7
999.8

16,804 16,592 16,614
2,442.3 2,330.3 2,347.7
520.2
503.8
495.6
177.6
174.2
174.5
1,744.5 1,652.3 1,677.6
14,361.9 14,261.3 14,266.2
2,054.7 2,004.4 2,008.3
12,307.2 12,256.9 12,257.9

16,554
2,444.6
516.0
174.0
1,754.6
14,109.5
2,036.0
12,073.5

5,859
5,944
1,331.0 1,373.5
1,524.6 1,533.3
3,003.6 3,037.2
22,840
2,815.0
2,186.9
628.2
5,295.0
2,611.8
2,683.4
14,730.0
8,284.3
6,446.1

Seasonally adjusted

983.4
299.2
1,581.8
318.0
5,300.7
3,412.8
1,608.6
656.2
975.6
172.4
4,152.4
2,626.4
179.8
330.3
1,015.9

5,943
1,369.8
1,534.8
3,038.3

990.1
299.2
1,578.3
319.2
5,297.1
3,402.4
1,597.0
656.4
976.4
172.6
4,139.2
2,622.1
180.0
330.5
1,006.6

7.3
0.2
3.9
1.4
8.8
-3.8
-6.7
-0.1
2.6
0.4
5.8
1.7
0.5
0.6
3.1

16,864 16,902 16,942
2,488.3 2,506.0 2,520.7
511.5
518.4
516.2
177.9
179.7
182.2
1,798.9 1,807.9 1,822.3
14,375.5 14,396.3 14,421.2
2,068.0 2,067.4 2,076.4
12,307.5 12,328.9 12,344.8

40
14.7
-2.2
2.5
14.4
24.9
9.0
15.9

5,935
5,879
5,944
1,364.3 1,337.0 1,370.5
1,535.3 1,524.2 1,530.6
3,035.3 3,018.2 3,042.4

982.8
299.0
1,574.4
317.8
5,288.3
3,406.2
1,603.7
656.5
973.8
172.2
4,133.4
2,620.4
179.5
329.9
1,003.5

Change
from:
Nov.2019 Dec.2019(P)

5,954
1,373.1
1,532.4
3,048.4

5,959
1,371.6
1,535.4
3,051.6

5
-1.5
3.0
3.2

23,006 23,127 22,998 22,485 22,627 22,640 22,646
2,832.0 2,836.0 2,836.0 2,798.0 2,828.0 2,826.0 2,826.0
2,225.4 2,221.2 2,215.2 2,191.9 2,221.3 2,220.3 2,222.1
606.5
614.6
620.8
606.3
606.6
606.1
603.5
5,355.0 5,380.0 5,299.0 5,183.0 5,191.0 5,193.0 5,185.0
2,645.3 2,671.8 2,602.9 2,486.7 2,477.8 2,480.8 2,477.8
2,709.4 2,708.2 2,695.8 2,695.8 2,713.6 2,711.7 2,707.6
14,819.0 14,911.0 14,863.0 14,504.0 14,608.0 14,621.0 14,635.0
8,288.3 8,376.9 8,350.9 7,973.7 8,030.6 8,035.6 8,038.4
6,530.5 6,533.7 6,511.9 6,529.9 6,577.2 6,585.1 6,596.1

6
0.0
1.8
-2.6
-8.0
-3.0
-4.1
14.0
2.8
11.0

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
(3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
(P) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining and logging
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Private service-providing
Trade, transportation, and utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Transportation and warehousing
Utilities
Information
Financial activities
Professional and business services
Education and health services

Dec.
2018
34.5
40.6
46.2
39.5
40.9
41.2
40.3
33.3
34.3
39.0
30.6
38.9
42.4
36.3
37.6
36.1
33.0

Oct.
2019
34.3
40.1
46.2
39.2
40.3
40.8
39.6
33.2
34.1
38.9
30.5
38.5
42.3
36.3
37.7
36.1
33.0

Nov.
2019(P)

Dec.
2019(P)
34.3
40.1
46.0
39.0
40.5
40.9
39.7
33.2
34.0
39.0
30.3
38.5
42.4
36.3
37.7
36.2
33.1

34.3
40.1
45.7
39.0
40.5
40.9
39.7
33.2
34.2
38.9
30.5
38.7
42.4
36.2
37.6
36.1
33.1

Footnotes
(P) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
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Dec.
2018

Industry

Nov.
2019(P)

Oct.
2019

Dec.
2019(P)

Leisure and hospitality
Other services

26.0
31.9

25.8
31.8

25.9
31.8

25.8
31.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

3.5
3.5
3.6

3.2
3.2
3.3

3.2
3.2
3.3

3.2
3.2
3.2

Footnotes
(P) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings
Dec.
2018

Industry

$27.53
28.62
32.77
30.42
27.33
28.82
24.77
27.27
23.79
30.92
19.23
24.49
41.68
41.29
35.37
32.99
27.32
16.27
24.88

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining and logging
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Private service-providing
Trade, transportation, and utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Transportation and warehousing
Utilities
Information
Financial activities
Professional and business services
Education and health services
Leisure and hospitality
Other services

Oct.
2019
$28.20
29.28
34.86
30.95
27.95
29.42
25.42
27.95
24.46
31.71
19.90
24.98
41.72
42.10
36.17
34.02
27.77
16.69
25.17

Nov.
2019(P)

Average weekly earnings
Dec.
2019(P)

$28.29
29.36
34.78
31.07
28.04
29.53
25.45
28.04
24.56
31.84
19.97
25.00
41.94
42.30
36.27
34.12
27.82
16.75
25.26

$28.32
29.43
34.61
31.11
28.15
29.65
25.56
28.06
24.53
31.63
20.04
25.06
41.98
42.34
36.36
34.22
27.82
16.77
25.38

Dec.
2018

Oct.
2019

$949.79
1,161.97
1,513.97
1,201.59
1,117.80
1,187.38
998.23
908.09
816.00
1,205.88
588.44
952.66
1,767.23
1,498.83
1,329.91
1,190.94
901.56
423.02
793.67

$967.26
1,174.13
1,610.53
1,213.24
1,126.39
1,200.34
1,006.63
927.94
834.09
1,233.52
606.95
961.73
1,764.76
1,528.23
1,363.61
1,228.12
916.41
430.60
800.41

Nov.
2019(P)

Dec.
2019(P)

$970.35
1,177.34
1,599.88
1,211.73
1,135.62
1,207.78
1,010.37
930.93
835.04
1,241.76
605.09
962.50
1,778.26
1,535.49
1,367.38
1,235.14
920.84
433.83
803.27

$971.38
1,180.14
1,581.68
1,213.29
1,140.08
1,212.69
1,014.73
931.59
838.93
1,230.41
611.22
969.82
1,779.95
1,532.71
1,367.14
1,235.34
920.84
432.67
807.08

Footnotes
(P) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally
adjusted
[2007=100]

Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)

Industry
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining and logging
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Private service-providing
Trade, transportation, and utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Transportation and warehousing
Utilities
Information
Financial activities
Professional and business services
Education and health services

Nov.
Dec.
Dec. Oct.
2018 2019 2019(P) 2019(P)
110.7
97.0
109.2
100.8
94.2
93.2
96.0
114.4
103.9
101.5
98.3
122.5
101.7
93.7
106.1
120.3
128.8

111.4
96.3
108.6
101.7
92.9
92.1
94.8
115.6
103.7
102.2
97.9
122.5
100.7
93.8
107.6
122.2
131.8

111.6
96.6
107.0
101.2
93.8
92.8
95.2
115.8
103.3
102.4
97.1
122.8
101.2
94.0
107.8
122.8
132.5

111.7
96.6
105.0
101.5
93.7
92.8
95.1
116.0
104.1
102.3
98.0
123.2
101.3
93.9
107.6
122.5
132.7

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)

Percent change from:
Nov.
2019 - Dec.
2019(P)
0.1
0.0
-1.9
0.3
-0.1
0.0
-0.1
0.2
0.8
-0.1
0.9
0.3
0.1
-0.1
-0.2
-0.2
0.2

Nov.
Dec.
Dec. Oct.
2018 2019 2019(P) 2019(P)
145.6
125.4
143.6
133.2
119.8
119.3
120.7
151.7
133.3
131.3
124.9
152.2
140.1
137.8
146.4
160.7
169.3

150.1
127.5
152.0
136.8
120.7
120.3
122.2
157.1
136.7
135.6
128.7
155.2
138.8
140.5
151.8
168.3
176.0

150.9
128.1
149.4
136.7
122.3
121.8
122.9
157.9
136.8
136.4
128.2
155.7
140.2
141.6
152.5
169.7
177.4

Percent change from:
Nov.
2019 - Dec.
2019(P)

151.2
128.4
145.9
137.2
122.6
122.2
123.3
158.2
137.6
135.4
129.8
156.6
140.5
141.5
152.6
169.8
177.6

0.2
0.2
-2.3
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.6
-0.7
1.2
0.6
0.2
-0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1

Footnotes
(1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average
aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
(2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual
average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
(P) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
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Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)

Nov.
Dec.
Dec. Oct.
2018 2019 2019(P) 2019(P)

Industry

122.8 124.1
108.1 109.0

Leisure and hospitality
Other services

124.9
109.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)

Percent change from:
Nov.
2019 - Dec.
2019(P)

124.7
109.3

Nov.
Dec.
Dec. Oct.
2018 2019 2019(P) 2019(P)

-0.2 161.2 167.2
0.1 147.4 150.3

168.8
151.1

Percent change from:
Nov.
2019 - Dec.
2019(P)

168.7
152.0

-0.1
0.6

Footnotes
(1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average
aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
(2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual
average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
(P) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)
Dec.
2018

Industry
Total nonfarm
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining and logging
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Private service-providing
Trade, transportation, and utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Transportation and warehousing
Utilities
Information
Financial activities
Professional and business services
Education and health services
Leisure and hospitality
Other services
Government

74,724
61,748
4,651
95
956
3,600
1,911
1,689
57,097
11,129
1,769.5
7,853.2
1,375.5
130.8
1,115
4,868
9,648
18,462
8,736
3,139
12,976

Oct.
2019
75,958
62,877
4,741
101
981
3,659
1,942
1,717
58,136
11,183
1,794.5
7,828.0
1,428.5
132.4
1,128
4,916
9,868
18,904
8,969
3,168
13,081

Nov.
2019(P)

Percent of all employees

Dec.
2019(P)

76,107
63,012
4,755
100
983
3,672
1,951
1,721
58,257
11,180
1,797.9
7,814.5
1,434.8
132.8
1,138
4,920
9,895
18,972
8,979
3,173
13,095

Dec.
2018

76,246
63,145
4,764
101
988
3,675
1,955
1,720
58,381
11,210
1,804.0
7,834.4
1,437.4
134.2
1,137
4,927
9,916
18,997
9,020
3,174
13,101

49.7
48.3
22.2
12.6
12.9
28.1
23.8
35.4
53.4
40.0
30.0
49.6
25.0
23.6
39.4
56.5
45.4
77.2
52.8
53.4
57.7

Nov.
2019(P)

Oct.
2019
50.0
48.6
22.5
13.5
13.0
28.6
24.2
35.8
53.7
40.1
30.1
49.5
25.7
24.1
39.9
56.4
45.7
77.3
53.2
53.3
57.8

Dec.
2019(P)

50.0
48.6
22.5
13.5
13.1
28.5
24.2
35.8
53.7
40.1
30.2
49.5
25.7
24.1
40.1
56.4
45.7
77.4
53.1
53.3
57.8

50.0
48.7
22.5
13.8
13.1
28.6
24.3
35.8
53.8
40.2
30.3
49.5
25.8
24.3
40.0
56.4
45.8
77.4
53.2
53.3
57.9

Footnotes
(P) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally
adjusted(1)
[In thousands]

Industry
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining and logging
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Private service-providing
Trade, transportation, and utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Transportation and warehousing
Utilities
Information
Financial activities
Professional and business services
Education and health services

Dec.
2018
105,244
15,063
559
5,517
8,987
5,540
3,447
90,181
23,488
4,743.6
13,497.2
4,803.2
443.7
2,285
6,672
17,340
20,984

Oct.
2019
106,392
15,081
543
5,610
8,928
5,497
3,431
91,311
23,557
4,769.9
13,479.9
4,866.6
440.3
2,270
6,745
17,542
21,474

Nov.
2019(P)
106,563
15,108
533
5,600
8,975
5,535
3,440
91,455
23,542
4,764.5
13,457.6
4,878.1
441.8
2,279
6,754
17,585
21,536

Dec.
2019(P)
106,655
15,105
526
5,613
8,966
5,532
3,434
91,550
23,573
4,774.8
13,484.7
4,871.5
442.4
2,280
6,751
17,581
21,569

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the serviceproviding industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(P) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
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Dec.
2018

Industry

14,541
4,871

Leisure and hospitality
Other services

Nov.
2019(P)

Oct.
2019
14,806
4,917

Dec.
2019(P)

14,837
4,922

14,875
4,921

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the serviceproviding industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(P) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Dec.
2018

Industry
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining and logging
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Private service-providing
Trade, transportation, and utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Transportation and warehousing
Utilities
Information
Financial activities
Professional and business services
Education and health services
Leisure and hospitality
Other services
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

Nov.
2019(P)

Oct.
2019

Dec.
2019(P)

33.7
41.4
46.7
39.9
42.0
42.5
41.3
32.4
33.7
38.8
30.1
38.2
42.6
35.6
36.9
35.4
32.2
24.8
30.9

33.5
41.0
47.2
39.7
41.4
41.7
40.9
32.3
33.7
38.6
30.2
37.9
42.8
35.1
36.9
35.3
32.2
24.6
30.8

33.5
40.9
46.7
39.4
41.4
41.8
40.8
32.3
33.6
38.6
29.9
38.0
42.9
35.1
36.9
35.3
32.2
24.7
30.9

33.5
40.8
46.2
39.4
41.4
41.8
40.9
32.3
33.8
38.5
30.2
38.1
43.0
35.1
36.9
35.3
32.3
24.7
30.8

4.5
4.6
4.4

4.1
4.1
4.2

4.2
4.2
4.1

4.2
4.2
4.1

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the serviceproviding industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(P) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Average hourly earnings
Industry
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining and logging
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Private service-providing
Trade, transportation, and utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Transportation and warehousing
Utilities
Information
Financial activities
Professional and business services
Education and health services

Dec.
2018
$23.09
24.38
28.71
28.20
21.85
22.81
20.25
22.82
20.32
25.70
16.28
22.13
37.12
32.95
27.26
27.16
23.97

Oct.
2019
$23.73
24.95
30.88
28.64
22.31
23.24
20.78
23.47
20.80
26.34
16.76
22.53
37.09
34.36
27.91
28.14
24.62

Nov.
2019(P)
$23.77
24.97
30.89
28.69
22.37
23.33
20.80
23.52
20.86
26.44
16.81
22.47
37.02
34.19
28.01
28.22
24.60

Average weekly earnings
Dec.
2019(P)
$23.79
25.05
30.82
28.76
22.46
23.42
20.87
23.53
20.85
26.32
16.86
22.50
37.27
34.36
27.97
28.26
24.64

Dec.
2018

Oct.
2019

$778.13
1,009.33
1,340.76
1,125.18
917.70
969.43
836.33
739.37
684.78
997.16
490.03
845.37
1,581.31
1,173.02
1,005.89
961.46
771.83

$794.96
1,022.95
1,457.54
1,137.01
923.63
969.11
849.90
758.08
700.96
1,016.72
506.15
853.89
1,587.45
1,206.04
1,029.88
993.34
792.76

Nov.
2019(P)
$796.30
1,021.27
1,442.56
1,130.39
926.12
975.19
848.64
759.70
700.90
1,020.58
502.62
853.86
1,588.16
1,200.07
1,033.57
996.17
792.12

Dec.
2019(P)
$796.97
1,022.04
1,423.88
1,133.14
929.84
978.96
853.58
760.02
704.73
1,013.32
509.17
857.25
1,602.61
1,206.04
1,032.09
997.58
795.87

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the serviceproviding industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(P) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
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Employment Situation News Release

Average hourly earnings
Dec.
2018

Industry

Oct.
2019

14.17
21.10

Leisure and hospitality
Other services

Nov.
2019(P)

14.65
21.34

Average weekly earnings
Dec.
2019(P)

14.72
21.41

14.73
21.49

Dec.
2018

Oct.
2019

351.42
651.99

Nov.
2019(P)

360.39
657.27

Dec.
2019(P)

363.58
661.57

363.83
661.89

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the serviceproviding industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(P) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[2002=100]

Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)

Nov.
Dec.
Dec. Oct.
2018 2019 2019(P) 2019(P)

Industry
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining and logging
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Private service-providing
Trade, transportation, and utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Transportation and warehousing
Utilities
Information
Financial activities
Professional and business services
Education and health services
Leisure and hospitality
Other services

118.2
95.3
138.7
110.2
86.6
88.5
83.9
124.4
110.5
109.2
102.8
138.0
96.7
92.8
115.9
137.2
144.1
132.1
105.6

118.7
94.5
136.2
111.5
84.8
86.1
82.7
125.6
110.9
109.3
103.0
138.7
96.4
90.9
117.2
138.5
147.4
133.4
106.2

118.9
94.4
132.3
110.5
85.3
86.9
82.7
125.8
110.5
109.1
101.8
139.4
96.9
91.3
117.3
138.8
147.9
134.2
106.7

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)

Percent change from:
Nov.
2019 - Dec.
2019(P)

119.0
94.2
129.1
110.7
85.2
86.9
82.8
125.9
111.3
109.1
103.1
139.6
97.3
91.3
117.3
138.8
148.5
134.6
106.3

Nov.
Dec.
Dec. Oct.
2018 2019 2019(P) 2019(P)

0.1
-0.2
-2.4
0.2
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.7
0.0
1.3
0.1
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.3
-0.4

182.3
142.3
231.6
167.8
123.8
126.0
120.0
194.7
160.4
165.7
143.4
193.7
149.8
151.4
194.4
221.7
227.9
212.6
162.3

188.3
144.4
244.6
172.5
123.8
124.9
121.4
202.2
164.6
169.9
148.0
198.2
149.2
154.7
201.2
231.7
239.6
222.0
165.1

188.9
144.4
237.6
171.1
124.8
126.6
121.6
202.9
164.5
170.3
146.7
198.7
149.8
154.5
202.2
232.9
240.1
224.4
166.4

Percent change from:
Nov.
2019 - Dec.
2019(P)

189.3
144.5
231.5
172.0
125.2
127.0
122.0
203.2
165.6
169.5
148.9
199.2
151.3
155.4
201.8
233.2
241.6
225.1
166.4

0.2
0.1
-2.6
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.7
-0.5
1.5
0.3
1.0
0.6
-0.2
0.1
0.6
0.3
0.0

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the serviceproviding industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average
aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
(3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual
average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
(P) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Last Modified Date: January 10, 2020
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Employment Situation News Release

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