Download:
pdf |
pdf CDC Survey of
Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care
mPINC
Benchmark
Report
2O13 Survey Results
)
*
+
,
-
*
,
.
/
!
"
)
#
0
1
$
0
%
2
&
&
'
%
#
(
3
4
5
6
7
8
7
9
:
;
<
=
>
?
?
?
?
@
2013 Survey
Facility Benchmark Report
A
B
C
D
E
F
C
G
H
I
F
J
K
G
E
L
F
I
L
mPINC
C
M
I
H
N
H
O
E
H
F
P
Q
F
G
I
F
I
R
H
E
H
S
T
E
G
C
U
V
W
X
Y
Q
$
I
M
E
M
H
C
F
E
F
I
F
H
I
^
R
H
M
E
a
]
b
\
M
Q
C
G
G
\
J
C
F
J
R
c
O
R
J
I
C
H
O
E
E
G
H
M
d
F
E
O
]
C
]
C
S
e
I
a
H
a
^
B
_
R
G
M
E
_
I
L
F
F
E
I
]
L
C
M
M
F
I
B
E
H
`
F
E
_
G
F
R
C
\
I
G
H
S
I
C
F
J
Z
L
`
E
E
F
G
\
C
J
[
G
C
C
G
H
I
F
J
[
M
C
G
h
\
E
T
I
F
C
F
L
C
C
H
M
]
F
]
C
E
C
H
S
i
G
M
O
C
O
E
R
G
]
G
C
F
C
B
k
I
f
E
M
M
F
H
C
E
H
S
E
S
j
M
I
H
C
T
H
E
R
^
]
H
g
J
F
F
G
I
I
L
G
F
M
R
]
B
B
E
L
E
H
C
H
M
L
S
F
R
K
G
C
G
H
C
M
S
\
E
Q
C
H
G
L
F
F
I
C
I
C
H
S
R
F
H
U
\
I
F
B
I
M
T
k
C
S
M
F
R
Q
T
G
M
I
_
\
H
E
C
G
J
L
F
O
C
I
R
l
L
I
G
m
_
F
m
E
B
n
F
C
a
C
a
Z
x
y
z
x
{
y
|
z
z
}
{
x
~
|
y
z
z
}
{
z
~
|
|
z
z
}
|
~
z
{
|
z
{
~
z
~
{
z
~
|
~
|
z
~
z
{
~
}
~
|
}
}
z
~
z
z
{
{
z
z
31
52
~
16
{
ڛ
ڛ
o
M
E
I
H
t
F
C
E
L
M
E
F
F
I
C
L
D
^
C
R
G
S
J
I
R
L
E
O
]
u
T
v
C
w
H
m
F
m
C
m
G
G
g
C
I
_
G
F
R
B
G
M
F
_
C
S
C
p
G
J
q
C
r
E
l
G
q
g
I
G
F
B
M
I
H
F
B
C
_
E
M
F
J
C
E
G
s
I
F
I
M
I
H
F
B
C
a
i Your facility’s percentile is the point below which the indicated percent of scores fall in each group. For example, if your National percentile is 50, then you are performing better
than half of all facilities nationwide. If your State percentile is 66 or 67, you are performing better than about two-thirds of the facilities in your state. If your Similar Size percentile is
99, you are performing better than almost all other facilities nationwide with a similar number of births per year.
ii Facility size estimates are based on annual birth census as reported by the mPINC survey respondent and/or the American Hospital Association (when respondent did not provide
data).
2
2013 Survey
Facility Benchmark Report
mPINC
Q
R
T
S
c
T
R
Y
U
d
T
e
V
f
W
X
g
Y
b
Z
h
V
i
W
j
R
[
\
\
U
Y
_
S
]
k
T
Y
Y
]
l
^
U
]
Y
U
_
[
T
U
`
]
a
!
"
#
$
#
$
%
&
¨
¦
ª
ª
¡
ª
¢
£
«
¤
©
¯
¡
¥
¦
¡
¦
ª
¦
§
¡
¢
6
7
2
8
É
9
Ô
Õ
Å
Ä
Ê
Ç
Ë
Õ
È
È
%
(
)
$
%
*
+
"
!
Õ
:
È
É
Ð
Ì
Ô
Ö
Ä
Ë
Ç
Ð
Ñ
Õ
¢
¡
¦
¢
§
¬
ª
¦
§
§
¨
®
ª
§
¨
§
¨
¡
¢
§
§
§
¡
¢
ª
¨
©
«
¡
¢
§
£
¨
§
©
°
¢
ª
ª
±
¬
¡
¦
§
¥
©
¦
5
¡
§
©
¨
©
4
«
©
3
"
©
2
'
m
1
%
b
¢
¨
§
¡
¢
¬
¡
¦
§
¬
²
Ð
Û
Ë
Õ
Å
Ú
Ç
Ô
Ü
Ë
Ä
Ù
Ð
;
Ä
<
;
Ý
;
Ð
Õ
Ê
Ç
Ë
Õ
Ú
Ç
Ô
Ð
Ñ
Ç
Õ
=
Ë
Ç
³
É
>
Ù
Ç
Å
Ô
É
Ä
Å
Ó
?
Ô
Ö
Ä
Ë
Ç
Ô
Ä
Å
Õ
@
Ô
Ã
Ç
Ö
Ð
Ô
Ä
Ü
Ö
Õ
Ë
Ç
´
µ
¶
·
¸
¹
¶
º
»
»
¼
½
¾
¿
¼
¹
À
Á
¶
¹
¼
Ý
Û
Â
Ã
Ä
Å
Æ
Ç
È
É
Ê
Ç
Ë
Ì
Í
Î
Ï
Ð
Ñ
Ç
Å
Ç
Ò
Ó
Ä
Ë
Å
É
Ô
Ã
È
Õ
Ö
Ç
Æ
A
4
8
9
B
C
D
9
E
F
C
2
E
6
G
H
F
7
2
8
9
F
Î
Î
Õ
Î
Ë
Ç
Ö
Õ
È
Ö
È
Õ
Ð
Ç
Æ
Ü
Ä
Ë
Û
Ô
È
Õ
Ó
Ä
Ë
Õ
Å
Æ
Æ
Ç
È
É
Ê
Ç
Ë
Ì
Ö
Õ
Ë
Ç
Ã
Ä
Ô
Ð
Ã
Õ
Ë
Ð
Ù
Ü
Ç
Ç
Æ
É
Å
Ú
Ä
×
É
Å
Ø
Ð
Ä
Ø
Ô
×
Å
É
Å
Ð
Ç
Ë
Ë
Ö
Ä
Ö
Õ
Ç
Õ
Ô
Å
Ð
Ð
Ü
Õ
Ç
Ö
Æ
Ð
É
Ó
Å
Ç
Ü
Ð
Õ
Å
Ò
Ð
Ç
Ô
Ç
Í
Ó
Å
Ë
Ù
Ç
Õ
Ä
Ô
Ð
Ð
Ñ
Ü
Ç
Ç
Ç
Ë
Æ
Õ
É
Å
Å
Ú
Æ
É
Õ
Å
Ü
Ô
Õ
Ô
Å
É
Ð
Ô
Ð
Õ
Æ
Å
É
Ô
Ö
Ö
Ç
Í
Ñ
Õ
Õ
Ë
Å
Ç
Ô
Ð
Õ
é
Ð
Ë
Õ
É
Å
É
Å
Ú
Õ
Å
Æ
Ô
Ð
Ë
Ö
Ð
Ë
Û
Õ
È
Ä
I
Ë
Ú
Õ
Å
É
Õ
Ú
Ð
É
Ô
Ã
Ç
Ö
Ð
Ô
Ä
Ü
Ö
Õ
Ë
Ç
Æ
Ç
È
É
Ê
Ç
Ë
Ì
Õ
Ð
Ñ
Ð
Ñ
Ç
Ù
Ä
Ð
Ñ
Ç
Ë
Í
Õ
È
È
Ä
Ò
É
Å
Ð
Ç
Æ
Ð
É
Ù
Ç
Ü
Ä
Ë
Ó
Ë
Ç
Õ
Ô
Ð
Ü
Ç
Ç
Æ
É
Ú
Å
Ú
Ý
Û
Ç
Ä
Å
Õ
³
´
Þ
¸
ß
à
á
¶
¹
à
â
ã
Á
¶
¹
¼
ä
È
Û
§
Õ
É
Æ
³
Ë
Ò
Ã
Û
Ë
Å
Ü
Û
Ó
É
Ð
Ì
Ä
Ë
Ü
Õ
Ö
É
È
É
Ð
Ì
´
å
¼
¼
»
¾
º
æ
¸
ç
·
¹
¼
¶
ß
à
ç
¼
»
¾
º
ç
¶
º
à
ß
Ý
Û
è
J
9
8
7
9
E
3
C
5
9
Õ
F
Ë
Ç
Ö
Õ
È
Ö
È
Õ
Ð
Ç
Æ
Ð
Ä
Ö
Ä
Ù
Ã
Õ
Ë
Ç
Ì
Ä
Ñ
Ç
Ó
Ë
Ç
Õ
Ô
Ð
Ü
Ç
Ç
Æ
É
Å
Ú
É
Å
Ü
Õ
Å
Ð
É
Ô
Ä
Å
È
Ì
Ä
é
Ç
Ë
Ç
Æ
Ë
Ã
Û
Õ
Ö
É
ê
Ç
Ë
Ô
Õ
Å
Æ
Ô
Ã
Ã
È
Ç
Ù
Ç
Å
Ð
Ô
ë
É
Å
Ü
Õ
Å
Ð
Û
Û
Ã
Ë
Õ
Ö
Ð
É
Ö
Ç
Ô
Ð
Ä
Õ
È
È
Ä
Ð
Ñ
Ç
Ë
Ü
Õ
Ö
É
È
É
Ð
É
Ç
Ô
Õ
Ö
Ë
Ä
Ô
Ô
Ð
Ñ
Ç
Â
?
É
Å
Ü
Ä
Ë
Ù
È
Õ
Í
Ò
Õ
Ð
Ç
Ë
Í
Õ
Å
Æ
Ú
È
Ö
Û
Ò
Ñ
Ç
Ä
Ô
Ç
Ò
Õ
Ð
Ç
Ë
ì
Û
Å
Ù
Ç
Æ
É
Ö
Õ
È
È
Ì
É
Å
Æ
É
Ö
Õ
Ð
Ç
Æ
Ý
K
Ç
Ä
Ë
Ú
É
Õ
Õ
Å
Æ
É
Å
Ì
Ä
Ë
Ô
É
Ç
Ö
Õ
Ð
Ç
Ú
Ä
Ë
Ì
Å
Õ
Ð
É
Ä
Å
Ò
É
Æ
Ç
Ý
Û
í
´
î
¹
¼
ï
Ô
Ó
ï
È
È
Ü
Õ
Ö
É
È
É
Ð
É
Ç
Ô
Ð
Ñ
Õ
Ð
Ã
Ë
Ä
Ê
É
Æ
Ç
É
Å
Ð
Ë
Õ
Ã
Õ
Ë
Ð
Ù
Ö
Õ
Ë
Ç
É
Å
Ð
Ñ
¶
ß
Ô
Ë
É
Ç
à
Ô
ç
Ð
Õ
¼
Õ
Ô
¼
Å
Ð
Ü
»
Ö
Ç
¾
Ç
º
É
Ç
Æ
É
æ
Ô
¶
Ä
Å
ß
é
Ú
ß
Ç
Ë
Ù
¾
Ç
Ä
ß
à
¶
Æ
Ð
Ð
Ñ
º
Á
Ä
Ç
Ð
Ë
Õ
¼
Ñ
Ç
Å
Æ
É
Å
Ü
Õ
Å
Ð
Ç
Ô
É
Å
Ú
Ô
Ð
Õ
Å
Æ
Õ
Ë
Æ
Ô
Ü
Ä
Ë
Ô
Ã
Ã
Ä
Ë
Ð
É
Ê
Ç
Û
Û
Â
Å
É
Ð
Ç
Æ
Ð
?
Õ
Ð
Ç
Ô
Õ
Å
Æ
è
Ç
Ë
Ë
É
Ð
Ä
Ë
É
Ç
Ô
Õ
Ë
Ç
É
Å
Ê
É
Ð
Ç
Æ
Ð
Û
Ä
Ã
Õ
Ð
É
Ç
Å
Ð
Ç
Æ
Ö
Õ
Ð
É
Ä
Å
Õ
Å
Æ
Õ
Ô
Ô
Ç
Ô
Ô
Ù
Ç
Å
Ð
Ý
Û
Ã
Õ
Ë
Ð
É
Ö
É
Ã
Õ
Ð
Ç
É
Å
Ð
Ñ
Ç
Ù
L
M
Ô
=
Ë
Ê
Ç
Ì
Ý
Û
¦
è
Ñ
Ç
Ã
Ç
Ä
Ã
È
Ç
Ù
Ä
Ô
Ð
×
Å
Ä
Ò
È
Ç
Æ
Ú
Ç
Õ
Ó
È
Ç
Õ
Ó
Ä
Ð
Ð
Ñ
Ç
Ö
Õ
Ë
´
ð
ñ
ò
ó
ô
õ
ó
ö
÷
ó
ø
÷
÷
ò
ù
ñ
ó
ú
÷
û
ô
ò
ü
ý
ò
þ
ô
ò
ó
Ç
Û
è
Ã
Ë
Ä
Ö
Ç
Ô
Ô
Ç
Ô
Õ
Å
Æ
Ã
Ä
È
É
Ö
É
Ç
Ô
É
Å
Ê
Ä
È
Ê
Ç
Æ
É
Å
Ü
Ç
Ç
Æ
É
Å
Ñ
Ç
É
Å
Ü
Õ
Å
Ð
É
Ô
Ç
Å
Õ
Ó
È
Ç
Æ
Ó
Ì
Ô
Ð
Õ
é
Ð
Ä
Ú
Ô
Ð
Õ
Ì
Ò
É
Ò
É
Ð
Ñ
Ð
Ñ
Ç
Ù
Ä
Ð
Ñ
Ç
Ë
ÿ
Ñ
Ä
Ë
Ô
Ã
Ç
Ë
Û
Ñ
Ç
Õ
È
Ð
Ñ
Ì
É
Å
Ü
Õ
Å
Ð
Ô
Õ
Ð
Ç
Õ
Ö
Ñ
Ü
Õ
Ö
É
È
É
Ð
Ì
Ö
Ä
Ù
Ã
È
Ç
Ð
Ç
Ð
Ñ
Ç
Æ
Õ
Ì
Í
Ð
Ñ
Ä
Ð
Å
Û
Ô
Ë
Ê
Ç
Ì
Ä
Å
Ó
Ç
Ñ
Õ
È
Ü
Ä
Ü
Ð
Ñ
Ç
É
Ë
Ü
Õ
Ö
É
È
É
Ð
Ì
Ô
Ñ
Ç
ÿ
;
<
Ô
N
Ë
Ê
Ç
Ì
Ë
Ç
Ô
Ã
Ä
Å
Ô
Ç
Ë
Õ
Ð
Ç
Ö
Ç
Ô
Ô
Õ
Ë
Ì
Ý
Û
è
Å
Û
Ç
Ò
Õ
Ô
O
N
Ç
Ã
Õ
Ë
Õ
Ð
É
Ä
Å
Ä
Ë
Ë
Ç
Ô
Ð
Ë
É
Ö
Ð
É
Ä
Å
Ô
Ý
Ý
P
Û
³
³
³
´
å
¶
Á
è
,
"
!
%
$
-
+
"
!
!
"
#
$
#
.
/
0
&
%
'
"
%
(
)
$
%
¾
Ñ
½
¾
à
Ç
À
Ó
»
Ë
Ç
¾
Õ
ß
Ô
Á
Ð
¶
Ü
Ç
Ç
¹
æ
Æ
É
¼
Å
Ú
Ë
Ç
Õ
Ô
Ô
Ë
Ç
Æ
Õ
Ù
Ö
Ë
Ä
Ã
Ä
Ü
Ô
Ã
Ç
Ö
É
ê
Ö
É
Å
Ð
Ç
Ë
Ê
Ç
Å
Ð
É
Ä
Å
Ô
Ñ
Õ
Ô
Ó
Ç
Ç
Å
É
Æ
Ç
Å
Ð
É
ê
Ç
¹
Ù
Ó
È
Û
Ú
¶
Ä
¼
Ð
Ñ
Ç
Ë
Õ
Å
Æ
É
Å
Ü
Õ
Å
Ð
*
Õ
ï
Á
Õ
Ë
Ç
Í
Õ
Õ
Ð
Ä
Ë
Ì
Ó
Ë
Ç
Õ
Ô
Ð
Ü
Ç
Ç
Æ
É
Å
Ú
Û
Å
Æ
Ã
Õ
Ð
É
Ç
Å
Ð
Æ
É
Ô
Ö
Ñ
Õ
Ë
Ú
Ç
Ú
É
Ü
Ð
Ô
Æ
Û
Ö
Ä
Å
Ð
Õ
É
Å
Å
Ä
É
Å
Ü
Õ
Å
Ð
Ü
Ä
Ë
Ù
È
Õ
Ù
Õ
Ë
×
Ç
Ð
É
Å
Ú
Û
Ð
Ñ
Õ
Ð
Ò
Ñ
Ç
Å
É
Ù
Ã
È
Ç
Ù
Ç
Å
Ð
Ç
Æ
Ð
Ä
Ú
Ç
Ð
Ñ
Ç
Ë
Õ
Ô
Õ
Ö
Ä
Å
Ô
É
Ô
Ð
Ç
Å
Ð
Ô
Ô
Ì
Ô
Ð
Ç
Ù
Ä
Ü
Ö
Õ
Ë
Ç
Ë
Ç
Ô
È
Ð
Ô
É
Å
Ó
Ç
Ð
Ð
Ç
Ë
Ó
Ë
Ç
Õ
Ô
Ð
Ü
Ç
Ç
Æ
É
Å
Õ
Ù
Ã
È
Ç
Ô
Ý
Ú
Û
Ä
Ð
Ö
Ä
Ù
Ç
Ô
Ý
Å
Ã
Õ
Ð
É
Ç
Å
Ð
Õ
Å
Æ
Õ
Ù
Ó
È
Õ
Ð
Ä
Ë
Ì
É
Å
Ð
Ë
Õ
Ã
Õ
Ë
Ð
Ù
³
Û
Ö
Û
Õ
Ë
Ç
Ô
Ð
Ë
Õ
Ð
Ç
Ú
É
Ç
Ô
Æ
Ç
Ô
Ö
Ë
É
Ó
Ç
Ñ
Ä
Ò
É
Å
Ü
´
à
¶
Å
Ð
Ü
Ç
Ç
Æ
É
Å
Ú
Ö
Õ
Ë
Ç
É
Ç
È
É
Ê
Ç
Ë
Ç
Æ
Õ
Ö
Ë
Ä
Ô
Ô
Ð
Ñ
Ç
Ã
Ç
Ë
É
Å
Õ
Ð
Õ
È
Ã
Ç
Ë
É
Ä
Æ
Ý
è
Ñ
Ç
Ô
Ç
Ô
Ð
Ë
Õ
Ð
Ç
Ú
É
Ç
Ë
Ç
Æ
Ç
Ô
É
Ú
Å
Ç
Æ
Ð
Ä
Ë
Ç
Æ
Ö
Ç
Ð
Ñ
Ç
É
Å
Ö
É
¶
¾
º
¾
º
æ
È
Æ
Ç
Å
Ö
Ç
Ä
Ü
Ç
Ê
Ç
Å
Ð
Ô
Õ
Å
È
Ô
Ð
Õ
é
Ò
É
Ð
Ñ
Ã
Ë
É
Ù
Õ
Ë
Ì
Ë
Ç
Ô
Ã
Ä
Å
Ô
É
Ó
É
È
É
Ð
Ì
Ü
Ä
Ë
Ô
Ö
Õ
¹
Ô
ï
Æ
à
Û
Õ
Õ
Ë
Ç
Ä
Ü
Ð
Ñ
Ç
Ó
Ë
Ç
Õ
Ô
Ð
Ü
Ç
Ç
Æ
É
Å
Ú
Ù
Ä
Ð
Ñ
Ç
Ë
Õ
Å
Æ
Æ
É
Å
Ü
Õ
Å
Ð
Ë
Ç
Ö
Ç
É
Ê
Ç
Ó
Ë
Ç
Õ
Ô
Ð
Ü
Ç
Ç
Æ
É
Å
Ú
Û
Ç
Ã
Ç
Ë
É
Ç
Å
Ö
Ç
Ô
Ð
Ñ
Õ
Ð
Å
Æ
Ç
Ë
Ù
É
Å
Ç
Ù
Ä
Ð
Ñ
Ç
Ë
Ô
Ó
Ë
Ç
Õ
Ô
Ð
Ü
Ç
Ç
Æ
É
Å
Ú
Ô
×
É
È
È
Ô
Ð
Ë
Õ
É
Å
É
Å
Ú
Õ
Å
Æ
Õ
Ô
Ô
Ç
Ô
Ô
Ù
Ç
Å
Ð
Ý
Û
É
Å
Ð
Ç
Å
Ð
É
Ä
Å
Ô
Õ
Å
Æ
Æ
Ç
Ö
É
Ô
É
Ä
Å
Ô
Ý
è
Ñ
Ç
×
Ç
Ì
Ö
Ä
Ù
Ã
Ä
Å
Ç
Å
Ð
Ô
Ä
Ü
Ð
Ñ
É
Ô
Ö
Õ
Ë
Ç
Ô
Ì
Ô
Ð
Ç
Ù
Ò
Ç
Ë
´
à
¹
¶
É
Æ
Ç
Å
Ð
É
ê
Ç
Æ
Ô
É
Å
Ú
Ð
Ñ
Ç
Ó
Ç
Ô
Ð
Õ
Ê
Õ
É
È
Õ
Ó
È
Ç
Ô
Ö
É
Ç
Å
Ö
Ç
Õ
â
Á
à
â
¹
¶
½
¶
º
»
¸
¹
æ
¶
º
¾
¶
à
¾
¸
º
¶
½
Ç
Å
ß
á
¼
Á
à
ß
¸
ç
Á
¶
¹
¼
»
¼
½
¾
¿
¼
¹
À
Æ
Û
Ç
Ç
Ê
É
Æ
Ç
Å
Ö
Ç
Ý
É
×
Ç
Ä
Ð
Ñ
Ç
Ë
Ö
È
É
Å
É
Ö
Õ
È
Ö
Õ
Ë
Ç
Ù
Ä
Æ
Ç
È
Ô
Ð
Ñ
É
É
Ç
Ê
É
Æ
Ç
Å
Ö
Ç
Ô
Ã
Õ
Å
Ô
Õ
Ò
É
Æ
Ç
Ë
Õ
Å
Ú
Ç
Ü
Ë
Ä
Ù
Ë
Ç
Ô
È
Ð
Ô
Ä
Ô
Ð
Ã
Ë
Õ
Ö
Ð
É
Ö
Ç
Ô
Õ
Å
Æ
Ã
Ä
È
É
Ö
É
Ç
Ô
Õ
Ë
Ç
Ô
Ù
Ã
È
Ç
Ù
Ç
Å
Ð
Ç
Æ
Ü
Ä
Ë
Ô
Ð
Õ
Å
Ú
Í
Ö
Õ
Ë
Ç
Ã
Ë
Ä
Ö
Ç
Ô
Ô
Í
Ü
Û
Õ
Å
Æ
Ö
Ä
Ù
Ù
Å
É
Ö
Õ
Ð
É
Ä
Å
Ç
Ã
Ç
Ö
Ð
Õ
Ð
É
Ä
Å
Ô
Û
Ë
Õ
Å
Æ
Ä
Ù
É
Ç
Æ
Ð
Ë
É
Õ
È
Ô
Ð
Ä
Ç
Ã
Ç
Ë
Ð
Ä
Ã
É
Å
É
Ä
Å
Ã
Ë
Ä
Æ
Ö
É
Å
Ú
Õ
Ô
Ç
Ð
Û
Ã
Ä
È
É
Ö
É
Ç
Ô
Õ
Ë
Ç
Ô
Ã
Ã
Ä
Ë
Ð
É
Ê
Ç
Ä
Ü
Ó
Ë
Ç
Õ
Ô
Ð
Ü
Ç
Ç
Æ
É
Å
Ú
Û
Ä
Ü
Ö
Ä
Å
Å
Ç
Ö
Ð
Ç
Æ
Ó
Ç
Ô
Ð
Ã
Ë
Õ
Ö
Ð
É
Ö
Ç
Ô
Ð
Ñ
Õ
Ð
Ù
Õ
×
Ç
Ã
Õ
Ü
Õ
Ö
É
È
É
Ð
Ì
Ô
Û
É
Å
Ü
Õ
Å
Ð
Ü
Ç
Ç
Æ
É
Å
Ú
Ö
Õ
Ë
Ç
Ô
Ì
Ô
Ð
Ç
Ù
Ç
Ã
È
Ä
Ì
Ç
Ç
Ô
Õ
Å
Æ
Õ
Ë
Ç
Ü
Ë
Ç
Ç
Ü
Ë
Ä
Ù
ê
Å
Õ
Å
Ö
É
Õ
È
Ý
Ö
Dimension Subscores are calculated as a simple average of the individual item scores
within each domain. Subscores are not calculated when less than half of items in that
domain received a score.
iii Care
Ù
Ä
Å
É
Ö
Ð
Ä
Ü
É
Å
Ð
Ç
Ë
Ç
Ô
Ð
Ý
iv Immediate
skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding opportunities are
possible and beneficial in both vaginal and Cesarean deliveries. These
practices should be initiated within one hour of vaginal birth and
within two hours of Cesarean birth.
3
2013 Survey
mPINC
Facility Benchmark Report
ª
«
¬
®
¯
°
¡
±
¢
®
£
¤
¥
¦
§
¥
¡
¢
¡
ႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႆ
µ
¶
·
¸
¦
¨
¹
º
¾
o
p
q
r
s
t
q
u
v
w
x
y
z
{
x
t
|
}
q
t
º
¿
º
À
»
¸
¾
º
Á
¶
Â
»
Ã
º
À
º
Ä
º
¶
³
U
W
a
]
Y
©
´
ႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႆ
¼
½
Å
x
_
»
ႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃ
n
²
³
Æ
Ç
È
Ê
Ë
É
Ê
Ë
Ì
Í
Î
Ê
Ð
Ñ
Ò
Ó
Ë
Ô
Ê
Õ
Ö
×
Ï
Ë
Ô
Ò
×
Ô
Ë
Ó
Ë
Ð
Ñ
Ò
Ó
Ê
Ì Ø
Ó
Ñ
Ð
Ñ
Ë
Ô
Ì
Ý
Ñ
Ó
Þ
Ð
Ò
Ý
å
Ñ
æ
ç
ë
ì
Ü
Ó
è
ç
Ò
é
Ó
Ð
Ü
Ë
Ð
í
í
é
î
è
í
ð
ï
ç
æ
ñ
ì
è
ò
ó
ó
ô
æ
ç
è
õ
ò
Ò
Ó
Ì
Ê
Ê
è
ç
æ
í
ð
ì
í
ô
î
ò
í
ì
ì
í
ð
ï
ó
ò
î
ç
æ
è
î
ç
æ
ò
This measure reports how often patients have routine infant
procedures performed while mother and infant are skin-to-skin.
ß
à
á
â
ß
à
á
â
ß
à
á
â
ö
÷
ø
ö
÷
ø
ù
Û
Ê
Ü
Ú
Ò
Î
ú
û
á
ü
à
ø
ý
á
ã
ä
ä
ã
ä
ä
û
þ
þ
ã
ø
ä
ä
à
á
!
"
/
0
!
1
2
3
!
4
#
$
1
%
5
1
&
!
2
â
û
û
ä
á
'
(
)
!
*
:
;
<
>
B
>
C
?
<
A
>
D
:
E
?
F
>
C
>
=
G
>
>
+
)
%
&
%
$
*
,
!
$
-
6
7
8
?
:
7
@
H
U
W
a
]
Y
7
I
K
ð
í
ì
å
é
ê
ì
ô
ô
ò
ì
é
î
í
í
ô
é
è
ç
æ
é
í
æ
ç
ì
è
ç
í
é
ê
í
í
ç
í
æ
ñ
ð
í
ç
Neonatal immune system development depends on
transfer of specific antibodies through colostrum
and is impaired by prior introduction of non-breast
milk feeds.13,14
ð
ï
é
ï
ì
è
ë
ì
ç
è
í
ô
í
ê
ó
í
í
ï
ç
4
æ
ì
æ
ó
ð
ñ
î
è
é
õ
í
ê
ò
å
J
þ
J
í
J
Ê
_
Ç
ႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႆ
à
ÿ
ႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃ
Ç
Î
A
~
Ì
â
ႃႃႃႃႃႃႃ
Ó
á
Í
á
9
Ò
à
.
~
Ì
à
This measure reports what percent of patients have the
opportunity to breastfeed within 2 hours of uncomplicated
Cesarean birth.
~
Ú
ß
This measure reports what percent of patients have the
opportunity to breastfeed within 1 hour of uncomplicated
vaginal birth.
Performing routine newborn procedures and
assessments skin-to-skin increases infant stability,
is safe for mother and infant,11 and improves
breastfeeding outcomes by reducing unnecessary
separation of mother and infant.12
í
ô
ò
ì
ó
This measure reports how many patients experience
mother-infant skin-to-skin contact for at least 30 minutes
within 2 hours of uncomplicated Cesarean birth.
Early initiation of breastfeeding increases overall
breastfeeding duration and reduces a mother’s risk
of delayed onset of milk production.10
ê
Ò
Ï
This measure reports how many patients experience
mother-infant skin-to-skin contact for at least 30 minutes
within 1 hour of uncomplicated vaginal birth.
Skin-to-skin contact improves infant ability to
establish breastfeeding.9
Þ
Ø
Î
×
Ù
Ï
Ì
Í
The AAP and ACOG Guidelines for Perinatal
Care15 and Academy for Breastfeeding Medicine
guidelines for supplementing feedings in healthy16
and hypoglycemic17 neonates all recommend
against routine supplementation with formula,
glucose water, or water.
ê
ó
é
æ
é
è
ç
æ
í
î
æ
ò
This measure reports what percent of breastfeeding infants
receive breast milk as their first feeding after uncomplicated
vaginal birth.
This measure reports what percent of breastfeeding infants
receive breast milk as their first feeding after uncomplicated
Cesarean birth.
This measure reports what percent of breastfeeding infants
receive non-breast milk feedings.
ó
ò
î
í
ò
í
î
æ
ó
î
ì
í
ò
ö
÷
ø
ö
÷
ø
ø
ø
ò
ä
ä
ÿ
ä
This measure reports whether breastfeeding infants receive
glucose water and/or water.
ù
à
ù
à
ã
ä
ä
2013 Survey
mPINC
Ó
Ô
Õ
Ö
×
Ø
Ù
Facility Benchmark Report
Ú
Û
ç
è
é
Ú
ê
Ù
ë
×
Ú
ì
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
Q
U
V
W
S
T
X
Ý
ê
Þ
î
ß
ê
Ú
Ö
ë
×
Ø
à
á
â
Ù
Ú
ã
Ø
Ô
Ù
ä
â
×
Þ
ó
ô
õ
ß
Þ
Ý
ã
å
ö
÷
ð
ü
÷
ý
ø
õ
û
÷
þ
ó
ÿ
ø
÷
ý
÷
÷
Ô
Õ
Ö
×
Ø
Ù
Ú
Ý
Ø
æ
ñ
ႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃ
÷
Ö
ø
Y
û
Ö
ï
ႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃ
ò
L
Ü
í
ó
ù
ú
ႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃ
Z
M
[
T
X
S
P
Q
\
X
X
]
^
_
`
a
P
P
^
P
Q
S
_
b
X
y
z
{
|
}
~
ú
¡
¡
£
¢
°
Standard documentation of infant feeding
decisions is important in order to adequately
support maternal choice.18
This measure reports how often infant feeding decisions are
documented in medical records.
±
ª
ª
¤
¥
¬
¦
¥
The AAP recommends pediatricians provide
parents with complete, current information on the
This measure reports how many patients who are breastfeeding,
benefits and methods of breastfeeding to ensure
intend to breastfeed, are provided advice and instructions
that the feeding decision is a fully informed one.19 orabout
breastfeeding.
Patient education is important in order to establish
20,21
breastfeeding.
¯
ª
§
¨
©
«
§
¨
©
§
¨
©
ª
¤
¥
¨
³
®
®
®
®
®
®
®
®
®
®
®
®
¬
¦
¥
§
¨
©
«
¨
³
§
¨
©
§
¨
©
²
This measure reports how many patients are taught to recognize
and respond to infants’ cues instead of feeding on a set schedule.
±
Effective breastfeeding relies on feeding in direct
response to specific infant cues rather than
scheduled frequency or duration of feedings.22
½
¾
³
This measure reports how often breastfeeding patients receive
instructions to limit suckling at the breast to a specific length of
time.
The AAP recommends formal evaluation of
breastfeeding performance by trained observers
during the first 24-48 hours of life.19
This measure reports how many patients received a directly
observed breastfeeding assessment by facility staff.
Standardized breastfeeding assessment tools
improve comparability and validity of findings.23-25
This measure reports whether breastfeeding is assessed using a
standardized or adapted assessment tool.
ª
µ
¶
³
¬
·
¸
¹
º
»
¼
¥
´
§
³
¨
©
§
³
¨
©
¿
°
²
¿
°
±
¶
¶
À
À
¨
In-hospital pacifier use reduces duration of
exclusive breastfeeding.26
Á
Â
This measure reports how many breastfeeding patients are given
pacifiers by facility staff.
¨
®
¶
Ã
«
!
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
h
l
m
n
j
k
o
¨
©
&
'
(
n
f
r
h
j
h
s
o
h
#
$
!
ႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႆ
d
p
%
q
"
ႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႆ
c
§
³
t
o
o
)
*
r
q
+
,
!
'
-
.
!
/
,
"
ႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႆ
u
f
h
v
o
k
j
r
w
c
r
x
j
r
h
y
z
{
|
}
~
#
0
1
2
Ä
1
1
¾
Å
Separation during transition to postpartum care is
unnecessary for stable patients. Mother-infant contact is
important during this time to establish breastfeeding,
maintain infant weight, and improve regulation of
infants’ neurologic states.22
°
Æ
¿
±
±
This measure reports how many minutes mother-infant
pairs are separated after uncomplicated vaginal births
during the transition from labor and delivery care to their
receiving patient care units.
Ç
¶
È
ª
Ç
µ
ª
É
¶
È
ª
µ
ª
§
®
®
®
®
É
§
¨
§
Ê
¨
§
Ê
²
Rooming-in of mother-infant pairs increases infants’
opportunities to learn to breastfeed28 without affecting
duration or quality of maternal sleep.29
Á
¾
±
Ë
°
¾
Å
°
Understanding the reasons mother-infant pairs are
separated30 helps identify opportunities to reduce
unnecessary separations. Bringing the infant to the
mother to breastfeed reduces chances the infant will
receive supplemental feeds.31,32
This measure reports how many hours breastfeeding
mother-infant pairs are separated at night.
Ç
¶
È
ª
Ç
µ
ª
É
¶
ª
µ
ª
É
§
¨
§
This measure reports what percent of mother-infant pairs
room together ≥23 hrs per day.
Ê
¨
§
Ê
®
Ì
This measure reports the number of reasons that infant
patients are removed from mothers’ rooms.
This measure reports how many patients who are not
rooming-in receive the infant from the nursery for
breastfeeding at night.
È
§
Í
Î
Ï
Î
Ð
®
Î
Ñ
Ò
³
§
¨
©
³
§
¨
®
®
©
5
2013 Survey
mPINC
¾
¿
À
Á
Â
Ã
Ä
Facility Benchmark Report
Å
Æ
Ò
Ó
Ô
Å
Õ
Ä
Ö
Â
Å
×
Ç
Ø
È
Õ
É
Ù
Ê
Õ
Å
Á
Ö
Â
Ã
Ë
Ì
Í
Ä
Å
Î
ႃႃႃႃႃႃႆ
Ý
Þ
ß
à
Ã
¿
Ä
Ï
Í
á
â
Û
<
=
>
?
@
A
B
A
C
D
E
A
F
@
G
?
H
I
J
K
?
H
â
æ
â
ç
ã
à
å
â
è
Þ
é
ã
ê
â
ç
â
ë
â
Þ
ႃႃႃ
4
5
6
7
8
9
:
É
È
Î
Ð
Á
Á
¿
À
Á
Â
Ã
Ä
Å
È
Ã
Ñ
ä
ì
J
3
Ê
Ü
Ü
å
<
É
ã
ႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃ
<
Â
Ú
í
;
î
ï
R
Q
e
T
S
T
U
g
h
R
V
h
V
R
S
S
\
T
U
S
X
V
d
[
U
S
T
R
X
f
R
Z
Z
R
W
V
i
Y
[
j
a
T
U
_
~
_
Z
V
X
Y
Z
[
S
\
R
]
^
_
\
S
[
S
X
Y
Z
[
W
R
k
l
T `
l
a
_
ð
ñ
ò
ó
ô
õ
ö
÷
ø
â
÷
ë
ö
ô
Þ
m
Z
[
n
T
o
R
p
W
q
r
R
b
s
T
U
_
V
Z
t
T
v
ù
ú
ë
û
ã
ë
ü
w
ó
ô
õ
ý
þ
ÿ
ö
=
M
C
?
N
O
H
?
A
P
A
P
÷
õ
ñ
ö
ÿ
ô
û
ü
û
w
ú
ó
ó
ñ
ò
ó
ô
õ
ö
5
6
7
8
9
:
÷
ú
õ
ႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃ
4
}
I
3
;
ª
ª
¡
Staff training ensures standard capacity to provide
evidence-based care, learn about39-42new information, and
maintain patient support skills. Staff training
improves
patient breastfeeding outcomes facilitywide.43,44
°
Like other critical nursing competencies, regular
assessment of competency in breastfeeding
management
and support improves delivery of care.45-47
t
¢
£
¤
¥
§
¨
©
¦
}
This measure reports how many hours of breastfeeding
education current nurses and other birth a"endants*
receive.
§
¢
t
«
x
¦
}
This measure reports how many nurses and other birth
a"endants* received any breastfeeding education in the
past year.
s
t
w
¦
¯
®
¬
¹
This measure reports how often nurses and other birth
a"endants* are assessed for competency in breastfeeding
management and support.
y
v
* In free-standing birth centers, these questions were
asked among “birth attendants” to accommodate
the range of attendants to births in these facilities.
w
±
¦
º
z
¦
»
y
t
®
²
³
´
v
®
¯
¼
y
v
6
This measure reports how many hours of breastfeeding
education new nurses and other birth a"endants* receive.
R
ì
V
L
Z
|
ႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃ
<
î
V
x
ႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႆ
d
b
{
v
÷
Þ
c
R
î
U
z
u
Z
[
u
y
÷
å
\
Z
The AAP and ACOG recommend against
distributing infant formula “discharge packs”15,36
This measure reports whether breastfeeding patients are given
because it reduces exclusive breastfeeding rates and “discharge packs” containing product marketing infant formula
samples.
implies health care professional endorsement of
specific commercial items.37-39
X
This measure reports how many modes of ambulatory
The AAP clinical practice guidelines recommend
examination of all infants by a qualified health care breastfeeding support are offered:
Physical Contact—Home/hospital visit;
professional within 48 hours of hospital discharge
Active Reaching Out—Phone call to patient;
to assess breastfeeding.33 Ensuring post discharge
Referral—Providing information about:
ambulatory support improves breastfeeding
Available phone numbers, support groups, lactation
consultant/specialist, WIC, outpatient clinics.
outcomes.34-35
f
R
S
S
µ
¶
³
´
·
³
´
¸
½
2013 Survey
mPINC
Â
Ã
Ä
Å
Æ
Ç
È
Facility Benchmark Report
É
Ê
Ö
×
Ø
É
Ù
È
Ú
Æ
É
Û
!
"
!
#
$
%
&
'
#
(
)
*
#
)
+
(
#
-
.
/
"
-
+
0
1
#
/
2
/
$
)
3
/
Í
Ý
Î
Ù
É
Å
Ú
Æ
Ç
Ï
Ð
Ñ
È
É
Ò
Ç
Ã
È
Ó
Ñ
Æ
Í
Î
Í
Ú
â
ã
Ì
Ò
Ô
Å
Å
ä
Ø
5
6
7
8
9
:
;
<
è
é
è
ê
ë
ì
ç
è
í
î
ï
ë
ð
è
ê
è
ñ
Ä
Å
Æ
Ç
È
É
Ì
Ç
Õ
ß
à
Ý
ႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃ
4
Ã
Þ
$
ç
,
Ì
Ù
ႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႆ
á
Ë
Ü
è
î
å
æ
ò
ႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃႃ
=
ó
ô
õ
ö
?
>
R
C
?
?
@
@
A
E
A
S
B
?
C
?
D
?
F
H
T
N
L
G
I
\
]
]
Q
F
U
^
e
^
f
]
g
m
a
_
h
`
c
b
i
a
d
b
e
c
h
d
h
a
]
j
`
a
`
k
n
l
S
Q
Q
S
T
¡
S
T
¡
«
Q
Q
S
S
S
S
@
E
F
G
H
@
I
?
J
K
L
I
@
H
@
E
F
G
H
D
The AAP recommends inclusion of specific
elements in facility breastfeeding policies.15 The
Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine’s clinical
protocol lists components of a model breastfeeding
policy.16
This measure reports the number of model breastfeeding policy
elements in your facility’s breastfeeding policy.
Effective intra-professional communication
increases the likelihood that a facility’s
breastfeeding policy will be implemented
appropriately.48,49
This measure reports the modes used to inform staff about
breastfeeding policies:
In person—In-service training, new staff orientation, new
staff training, staff meeting;
Printed/online materials—Policy posted, newsle"er.
Standardized documentation of patient decisions
allows for valid internal assessment, monitoring
and improvement of quality of care, and improves
staff collaboration and support of patients’
decisions.50
This measures reports your facility’s policy for documentation
of patient infant feeding plans and practices.
The AMA and AWHONN recommend medical
facilities support all lactating employees by
providing appropriate time and facilities to express
and store milk during the work day.51,52 The US
Breastfeeding Commi"ee recommends specific
workplace supports.53
This measure reports how many supports are provided to
lactating staff:
Critical supports—Room to express milk, electric breast
pump for staff use, permission to express milk on breaks;
Additional supports—On-site child care, breastfeeding
support group for staff, access to lactation consultant/
specialist, paid maternity leave other than accrued leave.
The ADA guidelines for mandatory elements of
infant formula HACCP plans54 apply to purchased
and free infant formula. The AMA recognizes the
inherent conflict of interest this kind of financial
support introduces.55,56
This measure reports whether your facility receives infant
formula free of charge from manufacturers.
Patient education about breastfeeding improves
breastfeeding rates.20
This measure reports whether breastfeeding is a component of
prenatal patient education opportunities.
A designated Lactation Coordinator demonstrates
consideration of lactation support as an essential
and necessary function of intrapartum care.57
This measure reports whether your facility has a designated
person who oversees lactation care within the facility.
?
AM
N
@
L
I
G
V
o
G
H
A
?
D
?
O
A
L
X
p
q
C
G
W
p
B
G
H
A
P
?
Y
Q
O
õ
B
G
õ
C
C
?
Z
[
[
Z
[
[
r
t
u
v
w
x
y
z
s
{
x
|
}
~
p
q
y
t
p
p
v
q
v
q
{
|
~
x
£
£
¤
¥
¦
§
~
¢
x
©
¨
§
¦
©
ª
Z
|
p
|
x
[
[
¬
[
}
~
}
~
}
~
®
¡
S
T
¡
Q
°
S
Q
Q
±
²
³
´
µ
¶
·
&
ø
ù
ú
û
(
ü
ý
¹
÷
¸
þ
)
¹
ÿ
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
¼
(
þ
(
)
*
"
#
%
-
þ
*
)
$
"
#
þ
,
ÿ
"
(
!
v
u
v
Z
[
[
Z
[
[
¯
Á
þ
¼
¿
¸
À
»
¿
º
"
¾
½
»
ÿ
º
u
¯
)
&
)
(
'
'
"
(
'
+
(
(
'
.
*
(
'
/
(
)
-
'
.
(
0
0
1
'
.
$
*
(
2
-
"
3
)
-
"
)
"
-
"
(
'
'
/
7
4
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(17)
(18)
(19)
(20)
(21)
(22)
(23)
(24)
(25)
(26)
(27)
(28)
(29)
(30)
(31)
(32)
5
6
5
7
5
8
9
5
:
;
<
=
5
>
Perez-Escamilla R, Segura-Millan S, Pollitt E, Dewey KG. Effect of the maternity
ward system on the lactation success of low-income urban Mexican women. Early
Hum Dev 1992; 31(1):25-40.
Kersting M, Dulon M. Assessment of breast-feeding promotion in hospitals and
follow-up survey of mother-infant pairs in Germany: the SuSe Study. Public Health
Nutr 2002; 5(4):547-552.
Murray EK, Ricketts S, Dellaport J. Hospital practices that increase breastfeeding
duration: results from a population-based study. Birth 2007; 34(3):202-211.
Blomquist HK, Jonsbo F, Serenius F, Persson LA. Supplementary feeding in the
maternity ward shortens the duration of breast feeding. Acta Paediatr 1994; 83
(11):1122-1126.
Coutinho SB, de Lira PI, de Carvalho LM, Ashworth A. Comparison of the effect of
two systems for the promotion of exclusive breastfeeding. Lancet 2005; 366
(9491):1094-1100.
DiGirolamo AM, Grummer-Strawn LM, Fein SB. Effect of maternity-care practices:
on breastfeeding. Pediatrics 2008; 122(Suppl 2):S43-S49.
Illingworth RS, Ston DG, Jowett GH, Scott JF. Self-demand feeding in a maternity
unit. Lancet 1952; 1(14):683-687.
Vittoz JP, Labarere J, Castell M, Durand M, Pons JC. Effect of a training program
for maternity ward professionals on duration of breastfeeding. Birth 2004; 31(4):302307.
Anderson GC, Moore E, Hepworth J, Bergman N. Early skin-to-skin contact for
mothers and their healthy newborn infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;
(2):CD003519.
Dewey KG, Nommsen-Rivers LA, Heinig MJ, Cohen RJ. Risk factors for
suboptimal infant breastfeeding behavior, delayed onset of lactation, and excess
neonatal weight loss. Pediatrics 2003; 112(3 Pt 1):607-619.
Bystrova K, Matthiesen AS, Vorontsov I, Widstrom AM, Ransjo-Arvidson AB,
Uvnas-Moberg K. Maternal axillar and breast temperature after giving birth: effects
of delivery ward practices and relation to infant temperature. Birth 2007; 34(4):291300.
Awi DD, Alikor EA. Barriers to timely initiation of breastfeeding among mothers of
healthy full-term babies who deliver at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching
Hospital. Niger J Clin Pract 2006; 9(1):57-64.
Brandtzaeg P. The secretory immunoglobulin system: regulation and biological
significance, focusing on human mammary glands. In: David M, Isaacs C, Hanson L,
editors. Integrating Population Outcomes, Biological Mechanisms and Research
Methods in the Study of Human Milk and Lactation. New York: Kluwer Academic/
Plenum Publishers, 2002: 1-16.
Adlerberth I, Hanson L. Ontongeny of the intestinal flora. In: Sanderson I, Walker
W, editors. Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Hamilton, Ontario: BC
Dexter Inc., 1999: 279-292.
American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists. Care of the neonate. In: Lockwood CJ, Lemons JA, eds. Guidelines
for Perinatal Care. 7th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics;
2012.
The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Protocol Committee. Model Breastfeeding
Policy. Breastfeeding Medicine 2007; 2(1):50-55.
The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Protocol Committee. Guidelines for
Glucose Monitoring and Treatment of Hypoglycemia in Breastfed Neonates.
Breastfeeding Medicine 2006; 1(3):178-184.
Lee TT. Nursing diagnoses: factors affecting their use in charting standardized care
plans. J Clin Nurs 2005; 14(5):640-647.
American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding. Policy Statement:
Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics. 2012 Mar;129(3):e827-e841.
US Preventive Services Task Force. Behavioral interventions to promote
breastfeeding: Recommendations and rationale. Annals of Family Medicine 2003; 1
(2):79-80.
Kronborg H, Vaeth M, Olsen J, Iversen L, Harder I. Effect of early postnatal
breastfeeding support: a cluster-randomized community based trial. Acta Paediatr
2007; 96(7):1064-1070.
Riordan J. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation. Third ed. Sudbury, MA: Jones and
Bartlett, 2005.
Kumar SP, Mooney R, Wieser LJ, Havstad S. The LATCH scoring system and
prediction of breastfeeding duration. J Hum Lact 2006; 22(4):391-397.
Cakmak H, Kuguoglu S. Comparison of the breastfeeding patterns of mothers who
delivered their babies per vagina and via cesarean section: an observational study
using the LATCH breastfeeding charting system. Int J Nurs Stud 2007; 44(7):11281137.
Benson S. What is normal? A study of normal breastfeeding dyads during the first
sixty hours of life. Breastfeed Rev 2001; 9(1):27-32.
Howard CR, Howard FM, Lanphear B et al. Randomized clinical trial of pacifier use
and bottle-feeding or cupfeeding and their effect on breastfeeding. Pediatrics 2003;
111(3):511-518.
Bystrova K, Widstrom AM, Matthiesen AS et al. Early lactation performance in
primiparous and multiparous women in relation to different maternity home
practices. A randomised trial in St. Petersburg. Int Breastfeed J 2007; 2:9.
Buranasin B. The effects of rooming-in on the success of breastfeeding and the
decline in abandonment of children. Asia Pac J Public Health 1991; 5(3):217-220.
Keefe MR. The impact of infant rooming-in on maternal sleep at night. J Obstet
Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 1988; 17(2):122-126.
Svensson K, Matthiesen AS, Widstrom AM. Night rooming-in: who decides? An
example of staff influence on mother's attitude. Birth 2005; 32(2):99-106.
Ball HL, Ward-Platt MP, Heslop E, Leech SJ, Brown KA. Randomised trial of infant
sleep location on the postnatal ward. Arch Dis Child 2006; 91(12):1005-1010.
Lindenberg CS, Cabrera AR, Jimenez V. The effect of early post-partum motherinfant contact and breast-feeding promotion on the incidence and continuation of
breast-feeding. Int J Nurs Stud 1990; 27(3):179-186.
2013 Survey
mPINC
Facility Benchmark Report
(33) American Academy of Pediatrics Subcommittee on Hyperbilirubinemia.
Management of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant 35 or more weeks of
gestation. Pediatrics. 2004 Jul;114(1):297-316.
(34) Ingram J, Rosser J, Jackson D. Breastfeeding peer supporters and a community
support group: evaluating their effectiveness. Matern Child Nutr 2005; 1(2):111-118.
(35) Chapman DJ, Damio G, Perez-Escamilla R. Differential response to breastfeeding
peer counseling within a low-income, predominantly Latina population. J Hum Lact
2004; 20(4):389-396.
(36) Committee on Healthcare for Underserved Women, Committee on Obstetric
Practice. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 361: Breastfeeding: Maternal and Infant
Aspects. Obstet Gynecol 2007 109: 479-480.
(37). Bliss MC, Wilkie J, Acredolo C, Berman S, Tebb KP. The effect of discharge pack
formula and breast pumps on breastfeeding duration and choice of infant feeding
method. Birth 1997; 24(2):90-97.
(38) Snell BJ, Krantz M, Keeton R, Delgado K, Peckham C. The association of formula
samples given at hospital discharge with the early duration of breastfeeding. J Hum
Lact 1992; 8(2):67-72.
(39) Taveras EM, Li R, Grummer-Strawn L et al. Opinions and practices of clinicians
associated with continuation of exclusive breastfeeding. Pediatrics 2004; 113(4):e283e290.
(40) Freed GL, Clark SJ, Sorenson J, Lohr JA, Cefalo R, Curtis P. National assessment of
physicians' breast-feeding knowledge, attitudes, training, and experience. JAMA
1995; 273(6):472-476.
(41) Dykes F. The education of health practitioners supporting breastfeeding women:
time for critical reflection. Matern Child Nutr 2006; 2(4):204-216.
(42) Lu MC, Lange L, Slusser W, Hamilton J, Halfon N. Provider encouragement of
breast-feeding: evidence from a national survey. Obstet Gynecol 2001; 97(2):290295.
(43) Cattaneo A, Yngve A, Koletzko B, Guzman LR. Protection, promotion and support
of breast-feeding in Europe: current situation. Public Health Nutr 2005; 8(1):39-46.
(44) Cattaneo A, Buzzetti R. Effect on rates of breast feeding training for the baby
friendly hospital initiative. BMJ 2001; 323(7325):1358-1362.
(45) O'Hearne RM. A review of methods to assess competency. J Nurses Staff Dev 2006;
22(5):241-245.
(46) Whelan L. Competency assessment of nursing staff. Orthop Nurs 2006; 25(3):198202.
(47) Arcand LL, Neumann JA. Nursing competency assessment across the continuum of
care. J Contin Educ Nurs 2005; 36(6):247-254.
(48) Gifford WA, Davies B, Edwards N, Graham ID. Leadership strategies to influence
the use of clinical practice guidelines. Nurs Leadersh (Tor Ont ) 2006; 19(4):72-88.
(49) Reeves S, Lewin S. Interprofessional collaboration in the hospital: strategies and
meanings. J Health Serv Res Policy 2004; 9(4):218-225.
(50) Cummings GG, Estabrooks CA, Midodzi WK, Wallin L, Hayduk L. Influence of
organizational characteristics and context on research utilization. Nurs Res 2007; 56
(4 Suppl):S24-S39.
(51) American Medical Association. Infant health policy H-245.982: AMA support for
breastfeeding. Adopted 2005, reaffirmed 2007. http://www.ama-assn.org/apps/
pf_new/pf_online?f_n=browse&doc=policyfiles/HnE/H245.982.HTM&&s_t=&st_p=&nth=1&prev_pol=policyfiles/HnE/H240.999.HTM&nxt_pol=policyfiles/HnE/H-245.972.HTM& Retrieved June 10,
2008.
(52) Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses. AWHONN policy
position statement: Breastfeeding and lactation in the workplace. Adopted June,
1999. http://www.awhonn.org/awhonn/binary.content.do?name=Resources/
Documents/pdf/5H2a_PS_BreastfeedingLactationInWork.pdf Retrieved June 10,
2008.
(53) United States Breastfeeding Committee. Workplace breastfeeding support [issue
paper]. Raleigh, NC: United States Breastfeeding Committee; 2002.
(54) Pediatric Nutrition Practice Group. Infant Feedings: Guidelines for Preparation of
Formula and Breast Milk in Health Care Facilities. Chicago: U.S. The American
Dietetic Association, 2004.
(55) American Medical Association. MSS resolution 403: Doctors defending
breastfeeding. In: Summary of actions: Medical student section resolutions; 2006
interim meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada. November 11, 2006.
(56) American Medical Association Council on Science and Public Health. Report 2 of
the Council on Scientific Affairs (A-05): Factors that influence differences in
breastfeeding rates. June, 2005. http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/
category/15169.html#recommendations Retrieved June 10, 2008.
(57). Mannel R, Mannel RS. Staffing for hospital lactation programs: recommendations
from a tertiary care teaching hospital. J Hum Lact 2006; 22(4):409-417.
?
?
?
@
A
B
A
@
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
A
K
I
E
I
L
I
D
J
D
M
N
O
P
Q
I
P
I
D
J
R
S
T
U
L
I
A
V
W
X
A
P
I
E
I
P
U
R
V
J
B
Y
Z
[
L
I
P
U
K
N
V
P
I
V
D
J
J
V
B
W
\
]
[
[
V
J
W
P
P
[
T
Q
S
M
Q
D
Q
D
G
\
T
D
Q
P
I
D
D
J
I
A
I
L
[
V
L
[
S
Q
[
E
[
J
P
I
D
J
J
K
\
X
[
J
P
W
P
V
[
J
Q
P
L
V
M
R
D
^
Q
X
I
_
L
[
`
V
X
L
[
\
D
J
P
Q
D
W
V
J
B
S
Q
[
E
[
J
P
I
D
J
a
b
c
d
b
e
f
b
g
h
i
j
k
| File Type | application/pdf |
| File Modified | 0000-00-00 |
| File Created | 0000-00-00 |