BLS Employment Situation Sept. 2020

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, October 2, 2020

USDL-20-1838

Technical information:
Household data:
[email protected] • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: [email protected] • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact:

(202) 691-5902 • [email protected]

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — SEPTEMBER 2020
Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 661,000 in September, and the unemployment rate
declined to 7.9 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. These improvements in the
labor market reflect the continued resumption of economic activity that had been curtailed due to the
coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and efforts to contain it. In September, notable job gains occurred in
leisure and hospitality, in retail trade, in health care and social assistance, and in professional and
business services. Employment in government declined over the month, mainly in state and local
government education.
Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,
September 2018 – September 2020

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change,
seasonally adjusted, September 2018 – September 2020

Percent

Thousands

16.0

10,000

14.0

5,000

12.0

0

10.0

-5,000

8.0

-10,000

6.0

-15,000

4.0

-20,000

2.0

-25,000

Sep-18 Dec-18 Mar-19 Jun-19 Sep-19 Dec-19 Mar-20 Jun-20 Sep-20

Sep-18

Dec-18

Mar-19

Jun-19

Sep-19

Dec-19

Mar-20

Jun-20

Sep-20

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor
force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey
measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the
concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.
Household Survey Data
In September, the unemployment rate declined by 0.5 percentage point to 7.9 percent, and the number
of unemployed persons fell by 1.0 million to 12.6 million. Both measures have declined for 5

consecutive months but are higher than in February, by 4.4 percentage points and 6.8 million,
respectively. (See table A-1. For more information about how the household survey and its measures
were affected by the coronavirus pandemic, see the box note on page 6.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates declined in September for adult men (7.4
percent), adult women (7.7 percent), Whites (7.0 percent), and Asians (8.9 percent). The jobless rates for
teenagers (15.9 percent), Blacks (12.1 percent), and Hispanics (10.3 percent) showed little change over
the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
Among the unemployed, the number of persons on temporary layoff decreased by 1.5 million in
September to 4.6 million. This measure is down considerably from the high of 18.1 million in April but
is 3.8 million higher than in February. In September, the number of permanent job losers increased by
345,000 to 3.8 million; this measure has risen by 2.5 million since February. The number of unemployed
job leavers rose by 212,000 to 801,000 in September. (Job leavers are persons who quit or voluntarily
left their previous job and immediately began looking for new employment.) (See table A-11.)
In September, the number of unemployed persons who were jobless less than 5 weeks increased by
271,000 to 2.6 million. The number of persons jobless 5 to 14 weeks decreased by 402,000 to 2.7
million, and the number of persons jobless 15 to 26 weeks fell by 1.6 million to 4.9 million. The
number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) increased by 781,000 to 2.4
million. (See table A-12.)
The labor force participation rate decreased by 0.3 percentage point to 61.4 percent in September and
is 2.0 percentage points lower than in February. The employment-population ratio, at 56.6 percent,
changed little over the month but is 4.5 percentage points lower than in February. (See table A-1.)
In September, the number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to
as involuntary part-time workers) declined by 1.3 million to 6.3 million, reflecting a decrease in the
number of persons whose hours were cut due to slack work or business conditions. The number of
involuntary part-time workers is 2.0 million higher than in February. These individuals, who would have
preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they
were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)
The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job, at 7.2 million, changed little
in September; this measure is 2.3 million higher than in February. These individuals were not counted as
unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the last 4 weeks or were
unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)
Among those not in the labor force who currently want a job, the number of persons marginally
attached to the labor force, at 1.9 million, changed little in September. These individuals were not in
the labor force, wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12
months but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, was
581,000 in September, also little changed from the previous month. (See Summary table A.)

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Household Survey Supplemental Data
In September, 22.7 percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic,
down from 24.3 percent in August. These data refer to employed persons who teleworked or worked at
home for pay at some point in the last 4 weeks specifically because of the pandemic.
In September, 19.4 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because their
employer closed or lost business due to the pandemic—that is, they did not work at all or worked
fewer hours at some point in the last 4 weeks due to the pandemic. This measure is down from 24.2
million in August. Among those who reported in September that they were unable to work because of
pandemic-related closures or lost business, 10.3 percent received at least some pay from their
employer for the hours not worked.
About 4.5 million persons not in the labor force in September were prevented from looking for work
due to the pandemic. This is down from 5.2 million in August. (To be counted as unemployed, by
definition, individuals must either be actively looking for work or on temporary layoff.)
These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey beginning in May to help
gauge the effects of the pandemic on the labor market. The data are not seasonally adjusted. Tables with
estimates from the supplemental questions for all months are available online at
www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm .
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 661,000 in September, following larger gains in the prior 4
months. In September, nonfarm employment was below its February level by 10.7 million, or 7.0
percent. Notable job gains occurred in leisure and hospitality, in retail trade, in health care and social
assistance, and in professional and business services. Employment declined in government, mainly in
state and local government education. (See table B-1. For more information about how the establishment
survey and its measures were affected by the coronavirus pandemic, see the box note on page 6.)
Employment in leisure and hospitality increased by 318,000 in September, with almost two-thirds of
the gain occurring in food services and drinking places (+200,000). Despite job growth totaling 3.8
million over the last 5 months, employment in food services and drinking places is down by 2.3 million
since February. Amusements, gambling, and recreation (+69,000) and accommodation (+51,000) also
added jobs in September.
Retail trade added 142,000 jobs over the month, with gains widespread in the industry. Clothing and
clothing accessories stores (+40,000) accounted for about one-fourth of the over-the-month change in
retail trade. Notable employment increases also occurred in general merchandise stores (+20,000), motor
vehicle and parts dealers (+16,000), and health and personal care stores (+16,000). Employment in retail
trade is 483,000 lower than in February.
Employment in health care and social assistance rose by 108,000 in September but is down by 1.0
million since February. Health care added 53,000 jobs in September, with continued growth in offices of
physicians (+18,000), home health care services (+16,000), and offices of other health practitioners
(+14,000). Social assistance added 55,000 jobs, mostly in individual and family services (+32,000) and
in child day care services (+18,000).
-3-

Professional and business services added 89,000 jobs in September. Employment increased in services
to buildings and dwellings (+22,000), architectural and engineering services (+13,000), and computer
systems design and related services (+12,000). Despite gains of 910,000 since April, employment in
professional and business services is 1.4 million lower than in February.
Employment in transportation and warehousing rose by 74,000 in September. Within the industry, job
gains continued in warehousing and storage (+32,000), transit and ground passenger transportation
(+21,000), and couriers and messengers (+10,000). Although the industry has added 291,000 jobs since
May, employment in transportation and warehousing is 304,000 lower than in February.
Manufacturing added 66,000 jobs over the month. Durable goods accounted for about two-thirds of the
gain, led by motor vehicles and parts (+14,000) and machinery (+14,000). Despite gains over the past 5
months, employment in manufacturing is 647,000 below February’s level.
Financial activities added 37,000 jobs in September. Job growth occurred in real estate and rental and
leasing (+20,000) and in finance and insurance (+16,000). Employment in financial activities is 162,000
below the level in February.
In September, the other services industry added 36,000 jobs, largely in membership associations and
organizations (+31,000). Employment in other services is 495,000 lower than in February.
Employment in information grew by 27,000 in September but is down by 276,000 since February.
Motion picture and sound recording industries accounted for most of the September gain (+23,000).
Construction employment increased by 26,000 in September, with growth in residential specialty trade
contractors (+16,000) and construction of buildings (+12,000). Construction employment is below its
February level by 394,000.
In September, wholesale trade added 19,000 jobs, with gains in both the durable and nondurable goods
components (+13,000 and +8,000, respectively). Employment in wholesale trade is 312,000 lower than
in February.
Government employment declined by 216,000 in September. Employment in local government
education and state government education fell by 231,000 and 49,000, respectively. A decrease of
34,000 in federal government was driven by a decline in the number of temporary Census 2020 workers.
Partially offsetting these declines, employment in local government, excluding education, rose by
96,000.
Employment in private education decreased by 69,000 in September, after a gain of similar magnitude
in August. Employment in the industry is down by 355,000 since February.
Employment changed little in mining in September (+1,000). Employment in the industry is down by
133,000 since a recent peak in January 2019; about three-fourths of this decline has occurred since
February of this year.
In September, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls, at $29.47,
changed little (+2 cents). Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory
employees were also little changed in September (+1 cent) at $24.79. The large employment
-4-

fluctuations over the past several months—especially in industries with lower-paid workers—complicate
the analysis of recent trends in average hourly earnings. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 0.1 hour to 34.7 hours in
September. In manufacturing, the workweek rose by 0.2 hour to 40.2 hours, and overtime decreased by
0.1 hour to 2.9 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls rose by 0.1 hour to 34.1 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for July was revised up by 27,000, from
+1,734,000 to +1,761,000, and the change for August was revised up by 118,000, from +1,371,000 to
+1,489,000. With these revisions, employment in July and August combined was 145,000 more than
previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and
government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)
_____________
The Employment Situation for October is scheduled to be released on Friday, November 6, 2020,
at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

-5-

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on September 2020 Establishment and Household Survey Data
Data collection for both surveys was affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. In the
establishment survey, approximately one-fifth of the establishments are assigned to four regional data
collection centers for collection. Although these centers were closed, interviewers at these centers
worked remotely to collect data by telephone. Additionally, BLS encouraged businesses to report
electronically. The collection rate for the establishment survey was 70 percent in September, 5
percentage points lower than the average for the 12 months ending in February 2020. The household
survey is generally conducted through in-person and telephone interviews. However, for the safety of
both interviewers and respondents, in-person interviews were conducted only when telephone interviews
could not be done. The household survey response rate was 79 percent in September, considerably
higher than the low of 65 percent in June but below the average rate of 83 percent for the 12 months
ending in February 2020.
In the establishment survey, workers who are paid by their employer for all or any part of the pay period
including the 12th of the month are counted as employed, even if they were not actually at their jobs.
Workers who are temporarily or permanently absent from their jobs and are not being paid are not
counted as employed, even if they are continuing to receive benefits.
In the household survey, individuals are classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force
based on their answers to a series of questions about their activities during the survey reference week
(September 6th through September 12th). Workers who indicate they were not working during the entire
survey reference week and expect to be recalled to their jobs should be classified as unemployed on
temporary layoff. As in recent months, a large number of persons were classified as unemployed on
temporary layoff in September.
Since March, household survey interviewers have been instructed to classify employed persons absent
from work due to temporary, coronavirus-related business closures or cutbacks as unemployed on
temporary layoff. BLS and Census Bureau analyses of the underlying data suggest there still may be
some workers affected by the pandemic who should have been classified as unemployed on temporary
layoff. However, the share of responses that may have been misclassified was much smaller in July,
August, and September than in prior months.
For March through August, BLS published an estimate of what the unemployment rate would have been
had misclassified workers been included. Repeating this same approach, the overall September
unemployment rate would have been 0.4 percentage point higher than reported. However, this represents
the upper bound of our estimate of misclassification and probably overstates the size of the
misclassification error.
According to usual practice, the data from the household survey are accepted as recorded. To maintain
data integrity, no ad hoc actions are taken to reclassify survey responses.
More information is available at www.bls.gov/covid19/employment-situation-covid19-faq-september2020.htm .

-6-

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category

Sept.
2019

July
2020

Aug.
2020

Change from:
Aug. 2020Sept. 2020

Sept.
2020

Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force.......................................................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed.................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio......................................... .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

259,638
164,051
63.2
158,298
61.0
5,753
3.5
95,587

260,373
159,870
61.4
143,532
55.1
16,338
10.2
100,503

260,558
160,838
61.7
147,288
56.5
13,550
8.4
99,720

260,742
160,143
61.4
147,563
56.6
12,580
7.9
100,599

184
-695
-0.3
275
0.1
-970
-0.5
879

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ .

3.5
3.2
3.1
12.5
3.2
5.5
2.5
3.9

10.2
9.4
10.5
19.3
9.2
14.6
12.0
12.9

8.4
8.0
8.4
16.1
7.3
13.0
10.7
10.5

7.9
7.4
7.7
15.9
7.0
12.1
8.9
10.3

-0.5
-0.6
-0.7
-0.2
-0.3
-0.9
-1.8
-0.2

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. .

2.9
4.8
3.6
2.9
2.0

9.1
15.4
10.8
10.0
6.7

7.6
12.6
9.8
8.0
5.3

7.1
10.6
9.0
8.1
4.8

-0.5
-2.0
-0.8
0.1
-0.5

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers..................................................................... .
Reentrants...................................................................... .
New entrants................................................................... .

2,575
840
1,669
673

12,924
571
2,358
513

10,307
589
2,095
554

9,135
801
2,146
537

-1,172
212
51
-17

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over............................................................ .

1,869
1,778
806
1,318

3,202
5,169
6,484
1,501

2,281
3,134
6,517
1,624

2,552
2,732
4,918
2,405

271
-402
-1,599
781

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... .

4,336
2,600
1,310
21,559

8,443
7,281
1,048
17,792

7,572
6,214
1,139
18,630

6,300
4,936
1,122
18,918

-1,272
-1,278
-17
288

Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers....................................................... .

1,293
341

1,979
665

2,080
535

1,922
581

-158
46

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will
not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Sept.
2019

July
2020

Aug.
2020p

Sept.
2020p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

208
195
19
0
16
3
0
-0.5
3
176
6.4
9.0
10.5
-1.4
5
3
25
7.4
61
48.7
61
-3
13

1,761
1,526
66
-6
31
41
27
43.7
14
1,460
-19.4
253.9
48.0
1.0
-11
15
162
125.7
219
193.9
633
158
235

1,489
1,022
45
-8
17
36
7
-4.3
29
977
10.9
261.2
81.7
0.2
26
26
188
101.5
170
100.0
143
70
467

661
877
93
1
26
66
46
14.3
20
784
18.7
142.4
73.6
2.8
27
37
89
8.1
40
107.7
318
36
-216

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

203
171

3,089
3,164

2,677
2,426

Category

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (258 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing (76 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

50.0
48.6
82.3

34.4
$28.16
$968.70
111.2
0.2
149.7
0.2

58.1
44.7

49.7
48.2
81.2

34.6
$29.35
$1,015.51
102.5
1.3
143.8
1.4

60.5
52.0

49.8
48.3
81.3

34.6
$29.45
$1,018.97
103.4
0.9
145.6
1.3

70.5
63.2

1,304
1,142

49.7
48.3
81.4

34.7
$29.47
$1,022.61
104.5
1.1
147.2
1.1

70.3
63.8

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the
service-providing industries.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
4
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5
Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of
employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series
has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household
survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about
100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically
significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private
household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences
between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,
it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which
identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the
foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The
Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax
records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments
with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the
reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and
industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net
employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an
econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based
on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census
of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and
availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons
who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the
unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There
is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job,
including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged
workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each
month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these
alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the
month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than
on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including
pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates
typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some
employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,
while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates,
employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees
who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll
employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th
of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as
employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the
number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure
of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page,
please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES;
establishment survey). The household survey provides
information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000
eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm
payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of
nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the
CES program surveys about 145,000 businesses and
government agencies, representing approximately 697,000
individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry
data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately
one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that contains
the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the
reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and
the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population. Additional information
about the household survey can be found at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous
conceptual and methodological differences between the
household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the
surveys. Among these are:

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific active efforts to find employment
sometime during the 4-week period ending with the
reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting
recall need not be looking for work to be counted as
unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the
household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and
unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as
employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who worked or received pay for any part of the
reference pay period, including persons on paid leave.
Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and
earnings data are produced for the private sector for all
employees and for production and nonsupervisory
employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are
defined as production and related employees in
manufacturing and mining and logging, construction
workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in
private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an
establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the
2017 version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

•

The household survey includes agricultural
workers, self-employed workers whose businesses
are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and
private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment
survey.

•

The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.

•

The household survey is limited to workers 16 years
of age and older. The establishment survey is not
limited by age.

•

The household survey has no duplication of
individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

Reliability of the estimates

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and
the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation.
These
adjustments
make
nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number
of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about
20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying
employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal
employment changes at the end and beginning of the school
year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make
underlying employment patterns more discernable. The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with
which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic
activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such
as total payroll employment, employment in most major
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the
adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this
differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the
duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.
Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently
seasonally adjusted component series, and will not
necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally
adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information
about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be
found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment
survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000. Suppose the
estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from
one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on
the monthly change would range from -60,000 to +160,000
(50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that
there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with
confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased
that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment
rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case,
it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm
employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an
unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent
confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment
as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000,
and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is
about +/- 0.2 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such
as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents
in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made
by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for
the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns;
for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received,
that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to
account for business births. The first component excludes
employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains
from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample
units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This
procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death
employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model
designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment
not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time
series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived
from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level
database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and
deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to
universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy
for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past
decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.2 percent, with a range from
-0.7 percent to 0.3 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

Sept.
2019

Aug.
2020

Sept.
2020

Sept.
2019

May
2020

June
2020

July
2020

Aug.
2020

Sept.
2020

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

259,638
163,943
63.1
158,478
61.0
5,465
3.3
95,694
4,637

260,558
160,966
61.8
147,224
56.5
13,742
8.5
99,592
7,184

260,742
160,073
61.4
147,796
56.7
12,277
7.7
100,670
6,984

259,638
164,051
63.2
158,298
61.0
5,753
3.5
95,587
4,861

260,047
158,227
60.8
137,242
52.8
20,985
13.3
101,820
8,962

260,204
159,932
61.5
142,182
54.6
17,750
11.1
100,273
8,195

260,373
159,870
61.4
143,532
55.1
16,338
10.2
100,503
7,732

260,558
160,838
61.7
147,288
56.5
13,550
8.4
99,720
6,985

260,742
160,143
61.4
147,563
56.6
12,580
7.9
100,599
7,227

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

125,583
86,729
69.1
83,862
66.8
2,867
3.3
38,855

126,036
85,600
67.9
78,711
62.5
6,889
8.0
40,436

126,127
85,068
67.4
78,817
62.5
6,251
7.3
41,059

125,583
86,855
69.2
83,747
66.7
3,109
3.6
38,728

125,782
83,900
66.7
73,702
58.6
10,199
12.2
41,881

125,860
84,596
67.2
75,629
60.1
8,967
10.6
41,264

125,944
84,533
67.1
76,212
60.5
8,321
9.8
41,411

126,036
85,315
67.7
78,255
62.1
7,061
8.3
40,720

126,127
85,237
67.6
78,674
62.4
6,563
7.7
40,890

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

117,140
83,837
71.6
81,348
69.4
2,488
3.0
33,304

117,672
82,554
70.2
76,178
64.7
6,376
7.7
35,118

117,763
82,248
69.8
76,468
64.9
5,781
7.0
35,515

117,140
83,841
71.6
81,146
69.3
2,695
3.2
33,300

117,410
81,057
69.0
71,672
61.0
9,385
11.6
36,352

117,492
81,995
69.8
73,641
62.7
8,354
10.2
35,497

117,580
81,904
69.7
74,184
63.1
7,720
9.4
35,676

117,672
82,512
70.1
75,945
64.5
6,567
8.0
35,160

117,763
82,296
69.9
76,231
64.7
6,065
7.4
35,467

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

134,054
77,214
57.6
74,616
55.7
2,598
3.4
56,840

134,523
75,366
56.0
68,513
50.9
6,853
9.1
59,156

134,615
75,005
55.7
68,979
51.2
6,026
8.0
59,610

134,054
77,195
57.6
74,551
55.6
2,644
3.4
56,859

134,265
74,327
55.4
63,540
47.3
10,787
14.5
59,938

134,344
75,336
56.1
66,552
49.5
8,783
11.7
59,009

134,429
75,337
56.0
67,320
50.1
8,017
10.6
59,092

134,523
75,523
56.1
69,033
51.3
6,489
8.6
59,000

134,615
74,906
55.6
68,890
51.2
6,016
8.0
59,709

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

125,806
74,501
59.2
72,204
57.4
2,297
3.1
51,304

126,336
72,415
57.3
65,997
52.2
6,418
8.9
53,921

126,429
72,129
57.1
66,547
52.6
5,582
7.7
54,299

125,806
74,313
59.1
71,990
57.2
2,323
3.1
51,493

126,072
71,558
56.8
61,638
48.9
9,920
13.9
54,514

126,155
72,580
57.5
64,426
51.1
8,154
11.2
53,575

126,243
72,720
57.6
65,113
51.6
7,607
10.5
53,523

126,336
72,715
57.6
66,637
52.7
6,078
8.4
53,622

126,429
71,850
56.8
66,289
52.4
5,561
7.7
54,578

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,691
5,605
33.6
4,926
29.5
680
12.1
11,086

16,550
5,998
36.2
5,049
30.5
949
15.8
10,552

16,551
5,695
34.4
4,781
28.9
914
16.0
10,856

16,691
5,897
35.3
5,162
30.9
735
12.5
10,794

16,566
5,612
33.9
3,932
23.7
1,681
29.9
10,953

16,557
5,356
32.3
4,114
24.8
1,242
23.2
11,201

16,550
5,245
31.7
4,235
25.6
1,011
19.3
11,304

16,550
5,611
33.9
4,706
28.4
905
16.1
10,939

16,551
5,997
36.2
5,043
30.5
954
15.9
10,554

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

Sept.
2019

Aug.
2020

Sept.
2020

Sept.
2019

May
2020

June
2020

July
2020

Aug.
2020

Sept.
2020

201,062
126,928
63.1
123,055
61.2
3,873
3.1
74,133

201,417
124,491
61.8
115,205
57.2
9,286
7.5
76,927

201,515
124,095
61.6
115,603
57.4
8,492
6.8
77,420

201,062
127,018
63.2
122,955
61.2
4,063
3.2
74,044

201,154
122,661
61.0
107,499
53.4
15,162
12.4
78,493

201,233
124,009
61.6
111,538
55.4
12,470
10.1
77,224

201,319
123,618
61.4
112,226
55.7
11,392
9.2
77,701

201,417
124,471
61.8
115,354
57.3
9,118
7.3
76,946

201,515
124,213
61.6
115,496
57.3
8,717
7.0
77,302

66,100
71.8
64,380
69.9
1,720
2.6

64,909
70.3
60,577
65.6
4,331
6.7

64,919
70.3
60,904
65.9
4,014
6.2

66,109
71.8
64,224
69.7
1,886
2.9

64,125
69.5
57,263
62.1
6,862
10.7

64,688
70.1
58,898
63.8
5,790
9.0

64,420
69.8
59,054
64.0
5,367
8.3

64,911
70.3
60,425
65.4
4,485
6.9

64,976
70.3
60,738
65.7
4,238
6.5

56,449
58.4
54,807
56.7
1,643
2.9

54,837
56.6
50,557
52.2
4,279
7.8

54,696
56.4
50,917
52.5
3,779
6.9

56,348
58.3
54,709
56.6
1,639
2.9

54,294
56.1
47,195
48.8
7,099
13.1

55,147
56.9
49,440
51.1
5,707
10.3

55,124
56.9
49,822
51.4
5,302
9.6

55,124
56.9
51,124
52.7
4,000
7.3

54,568
56.3
50,794
52.4
3,774
6.9

4,379
35.8
3,868
31.6
511
11.7

4,746
39.1
4,070
33.5
676
14.2

4,481
36.9
3,782
31.2
699
15.6

4,561
37.3
4,022
32.9
539
11.8

4,242
34.9
3,041
25.0
1,202
28.3

4,174
34.4
3,201
26.4
973
23.3

4,074
33.6
3,350
27.6
724
17.8

4,437
36.6
3,805
31.4
632
14.2

4,669
38.5
3,965
32.7
704
15.1

33,116
20,656
62.4
19,611
59.2
1,045
5.1
12,460

33,386
20,199
60.5
17,551
52.6
2,648
13.1
13,187

33,420
19,907
59.6
17,609
52.7
2,298
11.5
13,513

33,116
20,685
62.5
19,550
59.0
1,135
5.5
12,431

33,294
19,858
59.6
16,523
49.6
3,334
16.8
13,436

33,323
20,010
60.0
16,927
50.8
3,083
15.4
13,313

33,353
20,094
60.2
17,161
51.5
2,933
14.6
13,258

33,386
20,150
60.4
17,528
52.5
2,621
13.0
13,237

33,420
19,956
59.7
17,537
52.5
2,420
12.1
13,464

9,509
68.3
9,032
64.9
477
5.0

9,331
66.3
8,125
57.7
1,206
12.9

9,133
64.8
8,031
57.0
1,102
12.1

9,488
68.1
8,976
64.5
512
5.4

8,970
63.9
7,583
54.1
1,388
15.5

9,161
65.2
7,670
54.6
1,492
16.3

9,229
65.6
7,827
55.7
1,402
15.2

9,277
65.9
8,051
57.2
1,225
13.2

9,117
64.7
7,967
56.5
1,150
12.6

10,480
62.6
10,024
59.9
456
4.3

10,141
60.0
8,870
52.5
1,271
12.5

10,102
59.7
9,026
53.4
1,076
10.7

10,478
62.6
9,987
59.7
491
4.7

10,097
59.9
8,426
50.0
1,671
16.5

10,113
60.0
8,693
51.6
1,420
14.0

10,156
60.2
8,785
52.0
1,371
13.5

10,174
60.2
8,949
53.0
1,224
12.0

10,116
59.8
8,997
53.2
1,120
11.1

668
27.2
556
22.6
112
16.8

727
30.1
556
23.0
171
23.5

672
27.9
552
22.9
120
17.8

719
29.3
588
23.9
132
18.3

791
32.7
515
21.3
276
34.9

735
30.4
564
23.3
171
23.2

709
29.4
549
22.7
160
22.5

699
29.0
527
21.9
172
24.6

723
30.0
573
23.8
150
20.7

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sept.
2019
16,400
10,518
64.1
10,261
62.6
257
2.4
5,881

Aug.
2020
16,597
10,627
64.0
9,491
57.2
1,136
10.7
5,969

Sept.
2020
16,668
10,507
63.0
9,581
57.5
926
8.8
6,162

Sept.
2019
16,400
10,521
64.2
10,262
62.6
259
2.5
5,879

May
2020
16,385
9,968
60.8
8,475
51.7
1,493
15.0
6,417

June
2020
16,471
10,108
61.4
8,717
52.9
1,392
13.8
6,362

July
2020
16,420
10,408
63.4
9,163
55.8
1,245
12.0
6,012

Aug.
2020
16,597
10,595
63.8
9,462
57.0
1,133
10.7
6,001

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.

Sept.
2020
16,668
10,501
63.0
9,568
57.4
933
8.9
6,167

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Sept.
2019

Aug.
2020

Sept.
2020

Sept.
2019

May
2020

June
2020

July
2020

Aug.
2020

Sept.
2020

43,722
29,258
66.9
28,210
64.5
1,048
3.6
14,464

44,300
28,901
65.2
25,859
58.4
3,042
10.5
15,399

44,388
28,771
64.8
25,897
58.3
2,874
10.0
15,617

43,722
29,293
67.0
28,156
64.4
1,137
3.9
14,430

44,053
28,218
64.1
23,241
52.8
4,977
17.6
15,834

44,132
28,907
65.5
24,711
56.0
4,195
14.5
15,225

44,212
28,560
64.6
24,885
56.3
3,675
12.9
15,652

44,300
28,925
65.3
25,886
58.4
3,040
10.5
15,375

44,388
28,798
64.9
25,834
58.2
2,964
10.3
15,590

15,783
80.0
15,390
78.0
393
2.5

15,763
78.8
14,261
71.3
1,502
9.5

15,833
79.0
14,529
72.5
1,303
8.2

15,793
80.0
15,320
77.6
473
3.0

15,493
77.9
13,154
66.1
2,338
15.1

15,588
78.2
13,590
68.2
1,999
12.8

15,488
77.6
13,728
68.8
1,761
11.4

15,761
78.8
14,213
71.0
1,549
9.8

15,848
79.1
14,463
72.1
1,386
8.7

12,210
61.1
11,737
58.8
472
3.9

11,831
58.4
10,547
52.0
1,284
10.9

11,602
57.1
10,326
50.8
1,276
11.0

12,192
61.0
11,723
58.7
468
3.8

11,510
57.1
9,326
46.3
2,184
19.0

11,999
59.4
10,158
50.3
1,841
15.3

11,881
58.7
10,217
50.5
1,664
14.0

11,904
58.7
10,649
52.5
1,255
10.5

11,580
57.0
10,307
50.7
1,272
11.0

1,265
31.6
1,083
27.0
182
14.4

1,307
32.5
1,051
26.1
256
19.6

1,336
33.2
1,042
25.9
295
22.1

1,308
32.7
1,112
27.8
196
15.0

1,216
30.3
761
19.0
454
37.4

1,319
32.9
964
24.0
355
26.9

1,191
29.7
940
23.4
251
21.0

1,260
31.3
1,024
25.5
236
18.7

1,370
34.0
1,063
26.4
306
22.4

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment

Sept.
2019

Aug.
2020

Sept.
2020

Seasonally adjusted
Sept.
2019

May
2020

June
2020

July
2020

Aug.
2020

Sept.
2020

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10,008
46.3
9,608
44.5
400
4.0

8,545
45.1
7,536
39.8
1,009
11.8

8,946
44.2
8,093
40.0
853
9.5

9,917
45.9
9,440
43.7
477
4.8

8,212
41.9
6,577
33.5
1,634
19.9

8,342
42.9
6,958
35.7
1,385
16.6

8,255
44.9
6,981
38.0
1,274
15.4

8,500
44.9
7,427
39.2
1,073
12.6

8,835
43.7
7,898
39.0
937
10.6

High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36,701
58.4
35,474
56.5
1,227
3.3

34,365
55.3
31,007
49.9
3,358
9.8

35,328
55.6
32,284
50.8
3,044
8.6

36,305
57.8
34,990
55.7
1,315
3.6

33,792
55.0
28,605
46.6
5,187
15.3

33,598
55.3
29,519
48.6
4,079
12.1

33,942
55.4
30,266
49.4
3,677
10.8

34,129
54.9
30,768
49.5
3,361
9.8

34,953
55.0
31,803
50.0
3,150
9.0

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37,404
65.0
36,348
63.1
1,056
2.8

36,155
63.5
33,169
58.3
2,987
8.3

35,921
63.5
33,055
58.4
2,866
8.0

37,455
65.1
36,370
63.2
1,085
2.9

36,381
63.3
31,559
54.9
4,821
13.3

36,661
63.8
32,662
56.9
3,999
10.9

36,455
63.4
32,816
57.1
3,639
10.0

36,427
64.0
33,504
58.9
2,922
8.0

35,970
63.6
33,060
58.5
2,910
8.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

59,077
73.9
57,919
72.5
1,157
2.0

61,379
72.1
57,935
68.1
3,444
5.6

59,840
72.2
57,021
68.8
2,818
4.7

59,159
74.0
57,966
72.5
1,193
2.0

60,442
71.9
55,992
66.6
4,450
7.4

61,861
72.7
57,614
67.7
4,247
6.9

61,847
72.1
57,710
67.3
4,137
6.7

61,930
72.8
58,654
68.9
3,276
5.3

59,954
72.3
57,098
68.9
2,857
4.8

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Sept.
2019

Men
Sept.
2020

Sept.
2019

Women
Sept.
2020

Sept.
2019

Sept.
2020

VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18,744
9,229
49.2
8,947
47.7
282
3.1
9,515

18,389
8,814
47.9
8,246
44.8
568
6.4
9,575

16,854
8,125
48.2
7,887
46.8
238
2.9
8,729

16,482
7,705
46.7
7,209
43.7
496
6.4
8,777

1,890
1,104
58.4
1,060
56.1
45
4.0
786

1,907
1,109
58.1
1,037
54.4
72
6.5
798

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,377
3,516
80.3
3,360
76.8
157
4.5
861

4,579
3,643
79.6
3,371
73.6
272
7.5
936

3,626
3,022
83.3
2,900
80.0
122
4.0
604

3,827
3,114
81.4
2,872
75.1
242
7.8
713

751
495
65.8
460
61.2
35
7.0
257

752
529
70.4
499
66.4
30
5.7
223

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,055
2,320
75.9
2,260
74.0
60
2.6
735

3,011
2,147
71.3
2,017
67.0
131
6.1
864

2,569
1,945
75.7
1,890
73.6
55
2.8
624

2,494
1,807
72.5
1,701
68.2
107
5.9
687

486
374
77.1
370
76.1
5
1.2
111

517
340
65.8
316
61.2
24
7.0
177

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,129
1,459
20.5
1,427
20.0
33
2.2
5,670

6,744
1,180
17.5
1,128
16.7
52
4.4
5,564

6,882
1,407
20.4
1,374
20.0
32
2.3
5,475

6,507
1,130
17.4
1,082
16.6
48
4.2
5,377

247
53
21.3
52
21.2
0
–
194

237
50
21.2
46
19.4
4
–
187

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,183
1,934
46.2
1,901
45.4
33
1.7
2,249

4,055
1,844
45.5
1,730
42.7
114
6.2
2,211

3,777
1,751
46.4
1,723
45.6
28
1.6
2,026

3,654
1,655
45.3
1,555
42.5
100
6.1
1,999

406
183
45.0
178
43.8
5
2.6
223

401
189
47.2
176
43.8
13
7.1
212

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

231,979
152,624
65.8
147,662
63.7
4,962
3.3
79,355

233,495
149,094
63.9
137,705
59.0
11,389
7.6
84,401

104,218
77,584
74.4
75,059
72.0
2,525
3.3
26,634

105,156
76,330
72.6
70,735
67.3
5,595
7.3
28,826

127,761
75,040
58.7
72,603
56.8
2,437
3.2
52,721

128,340
72,764
56.7
66,970
52.2
5,794
8.0
55,575

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not
shown where base is less than 75,000). Updated population controls introduced with the release of January 2020 data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons with a disability
Employment status, sex, and age

Sept.
2019

Sept.
2020

Persons with no disability
Sept.
2019

Sept.
2020

TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

30,105
6,193
20.6
5,817
19.3
376
6.1
23,912

29,802
6,047
20.3
5,291
17.8
755
12.5
23,755

229,533
157,751
68.7
152,661
66.5
5,089
3.2
71,782

230,941
154,026
66.7
142,505
61.7
11,521
7.5
76,915

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,632
35.4
2,458
33.0
174
6.6
4,805

2,563
34.4
2,259
30.3
304
11.9
4,887

78,114
82.9
75,564
80.2
2,549
3.3
16,089

76,550
81.5
70,944
75.5
5,606
7.3
17,354

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,419
32.0
2,256
29.8
163
6.7
5,139

2,295
31.0
1,949
26.3
346
15.1
5,117

69,975
72.1
67,657
69.7
2,318
3.3
27,104

67,936
70.1
62,663
64.7
5,273
7.8
28,990

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

1,142
7.6
1,104
7.3
38
3.4
13,969

1,188
8.0
1,082
7.2
105
8.9
13,752

9,662
25.3
9,440
24.7
222
2.3
28,588

9,539
23.8
8,898
22.2
642
6.7
30,571

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty
seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or
emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and nativity

Sept.
2019

Men
Sept.
2020

Sept.
2019

Women
Sept.
2020

Sept.
2019

Sept.
2020

Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

42,685
28,121
65.9
27,392
64.2
729
2.6
14,563

41,810
26,712
63.9
24,419
58.4
2,293
8.6
15,098

20,523
15,938
77.7
15,586
75.9
352
2.2
4,585

20,159
15,377
76.3
14,350
71.2
1,027
6.7
4,782

22,162
12,183
55.0
11,806
53.3
377
3.1
9,979

21,651
11,335
52.4
10,068
46.5
1,266
11.2
10,316

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

216,953
135,822
62.6
131,086
60.4
4,736
3.5
81,131

218,933
133,361
60.9
123,377
56.4
9,983
7.5
85,572

105,061
70,790
67.4
68,276
65.0
2,515
3.6
34,270

105,969
69,691
65.8
64,466
60.8
5,224
7.5
36,278

111,893
65,031
58.1
62,810
56.1
2,221
3.4
46,861

112,964
63,670
56.4
58,911
52.1
4,759
7.5
49,294

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States
or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born
in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government.................................... .
Private industries.............................. .
Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other industries............................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Seasonally adjusted

Sept.
2019

Aug.
2020

Sept.
2020

Sept.
2019

May
2020

June
2020

July
2020

Aug.
2020

Sept.
2020

2,479
1,672
781
27
155,999
147,030
21,089
125,942
842
125,100
8,889
80

2,259
1,457
788
14
144,965
136,073
20,445
115,628
715
114,913
8,815
77

2,309
1,480
816
12
145,487
136,709
20,361
116,348
683
115,665
8,723
54

2,416
1,634
765
–
155,816
146,852
21,144
125,734
–
124,864
8,850
–

2,341
1,569
738
–
134,966
126,943
19,763
107,164
–
106,660
7,944
–

2,297
1,530
716
–
139,944
131,444
20,895
110,584
–
110,045
8,376
–

2,128
1,446
677
–
141,487
132,888
20,597
112,361
–
111,663
8,559
–

2,159
1,422
736
–
145,156
136,258
21,132
115,172
–
114,478
8,808
–

2,257
1,454
792
–
145,235
136,509
20,483
116,088
–
115,385
8,680
–

3,992
2,377
1,327
21,666

7,488
6,106
1,039
17,110

5,955
4,669
1,124
19,012

4,336
2,600
1,310
21,559

10,633
9,543
843
14,394

9,062
7,939
942
17,137

8,443
7,281
1,048
17,792

7,572
6,214
1,139
18,630

6,300
4,936
1,122
18,918

3,925
2,337
1,317
21,291

7,387
6,033
1,027
16,744

5,901
4,623
1,120
18,612

4,257
2,554
1,300
21,178

10,485
9,408
836
14,009

8,961
7,860
941
16,793

8,382
7,234
1,047
17,404

7,468
6,148
1,124
18,264

6,224
4,881
1,116
18,519

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for
the entire week.
3
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business
conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4
Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or
training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to
34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Seasonally adjusted

Sept.
2019

Aug.
2020

Sept.
2020

Sept.
2019

May
2020

June
2020

July
2020

Aug.
2020

Sept.
2020

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

158,478
4,926
1,870
3,056
153,553
14,203
139,350
101,621
36,073
33,581
31,967
37,729

147,224
5,049
2,042
3,007
142,175
12,528
129,647
94,500
32,765
31,873
29,863
35,147

147,796
4,781
1,845
2,936
143,015
12,561
130,454
95,026
33,405
31,844
29,777
35,428

158,298
5,162
1,809
3,321
153,136
14,282
138,787
101,201
35,928
33,385
31,887
37,586

137,242
3,932
1,420
2,495
133,310
10,608
122,691
89,943
31,299
30,088
28,555
32,748

142,182
4,114
1,501
2,649
138,068
11,249
126,771
92,702
32,028
30,991
29,683
34,069

143,532
4,235
1,727
2,581
139,297
11,593
127,741
93,068
32,105
31,398
29,565
34,673

147,288
4,706
1,845
2,838
142,582
12,253
130,231
94,928
32,889
31,972
30,067
35,304

147,563
5,043
1,787
3,202
142,521
12,635
129,859
94,606
33,253
31,656
29,697
35,253

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

83,862
2,514
916
1,598
81,348
7,167
74,181
54,061
19,256
18,012
16,792
20,121

78,711
2,533
982
1,552
76,178
6,563
69,615
50,761
17,572
17,240
15,949
18,855

78,817
2,349
873
1,476
76,468
6,477
69,991
50,918
17,882
17,232
15,804
19,073

83,747
2,601
896
1,686
81,146
7,208
73,896
53,870
19,197
17,928
16,745
20,026

73,702
2,030
659
1,355
71,672
5,445
66,271
48,488
16,822
16,335
15,330
17,783

75,629
1,988
714
1,302
73,641
5,726
67,865
49,471
16,987
16,582
15,903
18,394

76,212
2,028
753
1,297
74,184
5,949
68,243
49,683
17,019
16,867
15,796
18,560

78,255
2,310
860
1,435
75,945
6,345
69,503
50,763
17,566
17,210
15,987
18,740

78,674
2,442
839
1,577
76,231
6,521
69,688
50,721
17,808
17,151
15,762
18,966

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

74,616
2,412
954
1,458
72,204
7,036
65,168
47,561
16,817
15,568
15,175
17,608

68,513
2,516
1,060
1,456
65,997
5,965
60,032
43,739
15,193
14,633
13,914
16,292

68,979
2,432
972
1,460
66,547
6,085
60,462
44,108
15,523
14,612
13,972
16,355

74,551
2,561
914
1,635
71,990
7,073
64,891
47,331
16,731
15,457
15,143
17,560

63,540
1,902
761
1,140
61,638
5,163
56,420
41,455
14,478
13,753
13,225
14,964

66,552
2,126
788
1,347
64,426
5,523
58,906
43,231
15,041
14,409
13,781
15,675

67,320
2,207
974
1,284
65,113
5,644
59,498
43,385
15,086
14,531
13,769
16,113

69,033
2,396
984
1,402
66,637
5,908
60,728
44,164
15,323
14,762
14,079
16,564

68,890
2,600
948
1,626
66,289
6,114
60,171
43,885
15,444
14,505
13,936
16,286

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

46,256
36,477
10,006

44,420
34,703
8,689

43,845
34,350
9,109

46,011
36,478
–

42,822
32,978
–

43,702
34,440
–

43,768
34,794
–

44,391
35,275
–

43,605
34,326
–

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

131,704
26,774

123,619
23,605

122,998
24,798

131,123
27,079

116,523
20,741

118,941
23,179

119,532
23,982

122,369
24,973

122,423
25,161

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,331
5.3

6,541
4.4

6,482
4.4

8,312
5.3

5,598
4.1

6,279
4.4

6,602
4.6

6,784
4.6

6,445
4.4

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,227
9,669

6,327
9,603

6,275
9,540

–
9,615

–
8,681

–
9,092

–
9,236

–
9,544

–
9,473

1

Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex
married couples only.
2
Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,
referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
4
Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Sept.
2019

Aug.
2020

Sept.
2020

Sept.
2019

May
2020

June
2020

July
2020

Aug.
2020

Sept.
2020

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,753
735
274
460
5,018
964
4,072
3,126
1,331
892
903
923

13,550
905
298
607
12,645
2,010
10,636
7,715
3,515
2,206
1,994
2,927

12,580
954
367
582
11,626
1,807
9,858
7,322
3,173
2,105
2,045
2,524

3.5
12.5
13.1
12.2
3.2
6.3
2.9
3.0
3.6
2.6
2.8
2.4

13.3
29.9
30.1
29.8
12.6
23.2
11.6
11.5
13.4
10.2
10.7
11.8

11.1
23.2
23.8
22.5
10.7
19.8
9.7
9.8
11.7
9.1
8.3
9.7

10.2
19.3
17.6
19.8
9.9
18.3
9.1
9.2
11.4
8.1
7.8
8.8

8.4
16.1
13.9
17.6
8.1
14.1
7.6
7.5
9.7
6.5
6.2
7.7

7.9
15.9
17.0
15.4
7.5
12.5
7.1
7.2
8.7
6.2
6.4
6.7

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,109
414
135
275
2,695
563
2,132
1,668
758
437
472
464

7,061
493
148
365
6,567
1,048
5,520
4,037
1,899
1,171
967
1,483

6,563
499
196
303
6,065
956
5,111
3,830
1,687
1,119
1,023
1,281

3.6
13.7
13.1
14.0
3.2
7.2
2.8
3.0
3.8
2.4
2.7
2.3

12.2
28.6
27.8
29.1
11.6
22.4
10.5
10.6
13.0
9.5
9.2
10.3

10.6
23.6
19.0
25.6
10.2
19.0
9.3
9.5
11.8
8.9
7.5
8.9

9.8
22.8
24.2
21.5
9.4
17.8
8.6
8.9
11.7
7.9
6.7
8.0

8.3
17.6
14.7
20.3
8.0
14.2
7.4
7.4
9.8
6.4
5.7
7.3

7.7
17.0
19.0
16.1
7.4
12.8
6.8
7.0
8.7
6.1
6.1
6.3

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,644
321
139
185
2,323
401
1,941
1,459
573
455
431
475

6,489
412
151
243
6,078
962
5,116
3,678
1,616
1,035
1,027
1,434

6,016
456
171
279
5,561
850
4,747
3,493
1,486
986
1,021
1,265

3.4
11.2
13.2
10.2
3.1
5.4
2.9
3.0
3.3
2.9
2.8
2.6

14.5
31.3
32.0
30.6
13.9
24.0
12.8
12.5
13.9
11.0
12.5
13.6

11.7
22.8
27.8
19.4
11.2
20.6
10.2
10.1
11.6
9.4
9.3
10.5

10.6
15.7
11.6
18.0
10.5
18.8
9.6
9.5
11.1
8.4
9.0
9.6

8.6
14.7
13.3
14.8
8.4
14.0
7.8
7.7
9.5
6.6
6.8
8.0

8.0
14.9
15.3
14.7
7.7
12.2
7.3
7.4
8.8
6.4
6.8
7.2

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

815
825
492

2,329
2,430
1,011

2,217
2,172
1,012

1.7
2.2
4.7

8.3
11.5
15.8

6.9
8.9
13.1

6.2
8.6
12.4

5.0
6.4
10.4

4.8
6.0
10.0

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,669
1,087

11,082
2,459

10,311
2,299

3.4
3.9

12.0
19.7

10.4
14.7

9.8
12.6

8.3
9.0

7.8
8.4

1

Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to
persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
2
Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,
but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an
opposite-sex spouse.
3
Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time
jobs.
4
Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from
part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Reason

Sept.
2019

Aug.
2020

Seasonally adjusted

Sept.
2020

Sept.
2019

May
2020

June
2020

July
2020

Aug.
2020

Sept.
2020

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

2,227
428
1,799
1,269
530
897
1,691
650

10,347
6,206
4,141
3,398
743
672
2,103
620

8,738
4,280
4,457
3,704
754
869
2,139
531

2,575
729
1,846
1,318
528
840
1,669
673

18,291
15,343
2,948
2,295
653
554
1,645
536

14,272
10,565
3,707
2,883
824
565
2,356
563

12,924
9,225
3,699
2,877
823
571
2,358
513

10,307
6,160
4,147
3,411
736
589
2,095
554

9,135
4,637
4,498
3,756
742
801
2,146
537

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

40.7
7.8
32.9
16.4
30.9
11.9

75.3
45.2
30.1
4.9
15.3
4.5

71.2
34.9
36.3
7.1
17.4
4.3

44.7
12.7
32.1
14.6
29.0
11.7

87.0
73.0
14.0
2.6
7.8
2.5

80.4
59.5
20.9
3.2
13.3
3.2

79.0
56.4
22.6
3.5
14.4
3.1

76.1
45.5
30.6
4.4
15.5
4.1

72.4
36.7
35.6
6.4
17.0
4.3

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

1.4
0.5
1.0
0.4

6.4
0.4
1.3
0.4

5.5
0.5
1.3
0.3

1.6
0.5
1.0
0.4

11.6
0.4
1.0
0.3

8.9
0.4
1.5
0.4

8.1
0.4
1.5
0.3

6.4
0.4
1.3
0.3

5.7
0.5
1.3
0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Duration

Sept.
2019

Aug.
2020

Sept.
2020

Seasonally adjusted
Sept.
2019

May
2020

June
2020

July
2020

Aug.
2020

Sept.
2020

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,820
1,588
2,057
737
1,320

2,283
3,442
8,018
6,381
1,637

2,518
2,518
7,241
4,806
2,435

1,869
1,778
2,124
806
1,318

3,875
14,814
2,242
1,078
1,164

2,838
11,496
3,294
1,903
1,391

3,202
5,169
7,986
6,484
1,501

2,281
3,134
8,140
6,517
1,624

2,552
2,732
7,323
4,918
2,405

Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23.0
9.8

19.7
16.2

21.9
18.2

21.7
9.4

9.9
7.7

15.7
13.6

17.9
15.0

20.2
16.7

20.7
17.8

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33.3
29.1
37.6
13.5
24.1

16.6
25.0
58.3
46.4
11.9

20.5
20.5
59.0
39.1
19.8

32.4
30.8
36.8
14.0
22.8

18.5
70.8
10.7
5.2
5.6

16.1
65.2
18.7
10.8
7.9

19.6
31.6
48.8
39.6
9.2

16.8
23.1
60.1
48.1
12.0

20.2
21.7
58.1
39.0
19.1

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over1............................................ .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.................................................... .
Professional and related occupations......................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations....................................................... .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations....................................................... .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Unemployed

Unemployment
rates

Sept.
2019

Sept.
2020

Sept.
2019

Sept.
2020

Sept.
2019

Sept.
2020

158,478
64,343

147,796
62,759

5,465
1,235

12,277
2,946

3.3
1.9

7.7
4.5

27,218
37,124
27,303
33,675
15,733
17,942

26,747
36,011
23,428
29,696
14,157
15,539

450
786
1,068
1,158
581
577

1,336
1,611
3,200
2,610
1,388
1,222

1.6
2.1
3.8
3.3
3.6
3.1

4.8
4.3
12.0
8.1
8.9
7.3

14,534
1,149
8,347
5,037

13,683
966
8,038
4,679

489
63
314
111

1,023
61
702
261

3.3
5.2
3.6
2.2

7.0
5.9
8.0
5.3

18,624
8,502
10,123

18,231
7,696
10,534

846
379
467

1,953
691
1,262

4.3
4.3
4.4

9.7
8.2
10.7

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect
the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification
system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly
comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... .
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government workers.................................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment
rates

Sept.
2019

Sept.
2020

Sept.
2019

Sept.
2020

5,465
4,099
13
319
530
266
263
666
235
109
192
585
557
678
215
68
389
259

12,277
10,098
108
700
935
531
404
1,545
753
202
442
1,161
1,250
2,436
566
76
884
688

3.3
3.2
1.7
3.2
3.4
2.7
4.5
3.4
3.2
4.4
1.9
3.2
2.2
4.8
3.2
4.0
1.8
2.6

7.7
8.0
14.9
7.1
6.2
5.7
7.1
7.8
9.8
8.6
4.4
6.7
5.1
19.0
9.2
5.0
4.1
6.7

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the
introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from
the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted
Measure

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,
as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged
workers, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged
workers, plus all other persons marginally
attached to the labor force, as a percent of
the civilian labor force plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic
reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus all persons marginally attached to
the labor force.................................... .

Seasonally adjusted

Sept.
2019

Aug.
2020

Sept.
2020

Sept.
2019

May
2020

June
2020

July
2020

Aug.
2020

Sept.
2020

1.3

5.0

4.5

1.3

1.4

2.1

5.0

5.1

4.6

1.4

6.4

5.5

1.6

11.6

8.9

8.1

6.4

5.7

3.3

8.5

7.7

3.5

13.3

11.1

10.2

8.4

7.9

3.5

8.8

8.0

3.7

13.6

11.5

10.6

8.7

8.2

4.1

9.7

8.8

4.3

14.6

12.5

11.3

9.6

8.9

6.5

14.3

12.4

6.9

21.2

18.0

16.5

14.2

12.8

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have
given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are
available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of
January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Category

Sept.
2019

Men
Sept.
2020

Sept.
2019

Women
Sept.
2020

Sept.
2019

Sept.
2020

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2........................................ .
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .

95,694
4,637
1,299
321
978

100,670
6,984
1,921
556
1,365

38,855
2,146
629
171
458

41,059
3,367
1,016
341
675

56,840
2,492
670
151
519

59,610
3,617
905
214
690

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4............................................ .
Percent of total employed......................................... .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,331
5.3
4,787
2,114
279
1,115

6,482
4.4
3,711
1,586
256
891

3,901
4.7
2,353
725
211
593

3,054
3.9
1,959
530
141
412

4,430
5.9
2,435
1,389
67
522

3,428
5.0
1,753
1,056
115
479

1

Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference
week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

Sept.
2019

July
2020

Aug.
2020p

Sept.
2020p

Sept.
2019

July
2020

Aug.
2020p

Sept.
2020p

151,556
128,917
21,318

139,076
118,808
20,232

140,718
119,731
20,293

141,855
120,059
20,258

151,368
128,718
21,106

139,570
118,018
19,925

141,059
119,040
19,970

141,720
119,917
20,063

Change
from:
Aug.2020 Sept.2020p
661
877
93

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral mining and
quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

738
52.6
685.8
154.4
192.5
52.3
40.9

630
52.3
577.6
156.6
182.8
45.3
40.7

620
52.1
567.7
157.4
183.2
45.4
40.9

619
51.6
567.4
157.3
181.9
44.6
40.6

731
51.5
679.8
154.3
190.0
52.2
41.0

620
51.2
569.0
155.2
180.1
45.9
40.4

612
50.5
561.5
156.0
180.0
45.4
40.6

613
50.6
562.4
156.9
179.8
44.5
40.8

1
0.1
0.9
0.9
-0.2
-0.9
0.2

99.3
338.9

96.8
238.2

96.9
227.1

96.7
228.2

96.8
335.5

93.8
233.7

94.0
225.5

94.5
225.7

0.5
0.2

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . .

7,700
1,686.0
835.1
850.9
1,140.6
4,873.1
2,125.0
2,748.1

7,427
1,637.5
831.0
806.5
1,072.3
4,717.5
2,098.7
2,618.8

7,461
1,648.5
835.7
812.8
1,074.0
4,738.9
2,117.0
2,621.9

7,415
1,639.7
836.8
802.9
1,066.8
4,708.5
2,107.7
2,600.8

7,524
1,664.6
825.4
839.2
1,079.1
4,780.1
2,089.5
2,690.6

7,202
1,598.8
818.4
780.4
1,014.9
4,588.3
2,036.4
2,551.9

7,219
1,609.0
820.7
788.3
1,009.1
4,600.7
2,059.5
2,541.2

7,245
1,620.9
827.3
793.6
1,005.7
4,618.3
2,075.0
2,543.3

26
11.9
6.6
5.3
-3.4
17.6
15.5
2.1

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . .
Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous computer and electronic
products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous durable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12,880

12,175

12,212

12,224

12,851

12,103

12,139

12,205

66

8,063
411.3
425.7
383.5
1,487.3
1,117.7
1,088.0
165.3
83.4

7,585
390.9
410.0
338.8
1,387.9
1,045.8
1,090.5
169.4
82.3

7,596
392.5
406.1
339.0
1,390.0
1,039.2
1,090.6
170.6
83.0

7,609
393.6
409.7
335.2
1,388.0
1,044.8
1,083.8
168.9
81.6

8,066
410.3
422.2
384.0
1,489.9
1,122.2
1,089.0
165.1
83.5

7,561
387.7
403.8
338.1
1,380.5
1,039.3
1,084.0
169.5
82.3

7,568
388.3
399.4
339.0
1,386.3
1,036.9
1,085.7
169.8
82.5

7,614
392.2
405.6
335.6
1,390.5
1,050.7
1,086.4
169.1
82.0

46
3.9
6.2
-3.4
4.2
13.8
0.7
-0.7
-0.5

378.9
426.8

376.1
427.3

374.6
426.7

371.0
427.1

379.4
427.8

372.3
424.9

372.3
425.9

372.1
428.6

-0.2
2.7

33.6
405.1
1,739.6
998.4
386.8

35.4
382.5
1,594.4
891.3
351.2

35.7
378.9
1,612.2
905.3
353.3

35.2
378.4
1,627.4
919.5
352.4

33.1
404.9
1,737.4
997.7
386.9

35.0
380.0
1,607.5
909.0
349.0

35.2
377.3
1,609.8
904.7
353.0

34.6
378.1
1,625.1
919.0
352.7

-0.6
0.8
15.3
14.3
-0.3

618.1

592.7

594.2

595.9

619.1

591.0

592.6

597.0

4.4

4,817
1,669.6
107.9
112.2
109.4
364.0
424.9
116.3
850.6
736.3

4,590
1,621.2
92.0
102.0
82.5
357.0
364.4
107.2
837.9
723.4

4,616
1,635.5
94.3
102.4
86.0
355.1
361.6
106.7
840.4
726.0

4,615
1,631.3
96.4
104.4
86.2
355.9
365.3
106.5
834.9
721.7

4,785
1,645.2
107.9
111.9
109.7
364.9
424.2
113.2
851.7
738.2

4,542
1,593.8
92.1
100.8
83.0
355.1
364.1
103.3
833.9
719.4

4,571
1,607.3
94.0
102.1
85.7
354.0
360.2
104.0
839.2
723.2

4,591
1,612.3
96.4
104.0
86.1
357.0
364.9
103.8
837.2
724.2

20
5.0
2.4
1.9
0.4
3.0
4.7
-0.2
-2.0
1.0

325.4

302.0

308.2

312.7

317.6

296.9

300.9

304.9

4.0

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

107,599

98,576

99,438

99,801

107,612

98,093

99,070

99,854

784

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27,575

26,095

26,403

26,591

27,712

26,136

26,490

26,727

237

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

5,910.9
3,213.2
2,169.3

5,619.3
3,060.6
2,059.5

5,624.2
3,059.9
2,060.8

5,620.0
3,059.4
2,061.5

5,913.2
3,215.5
2,168.8

5,592.9
3,047.4
2,046.5

5,603.8
3,046.7
2,054.6

5,622.5
3,059.7
2,062.9

18.7
13.0
8.3

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Sept.
2019

July
2020

Aug.
2020p

Seasonally adjusted
Sept.
2020p

Sept.
2019

July
2020

Aug.
2020p

Sept.
2020p

Change
from:
Aug.2020 Sept.2020p

Wholesale trade - Continued
Electronic markets and agents and
brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

528.4

499.2

503.5

499.1

528.9

499.0

502.5

499.9

-2.6

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . .
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . .
Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden supply
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores, including
warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . .
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15,487.4
2,050.5
1,305.1
167.0
578.4
463.9
464.1

14,794.4
1,914.4
1,188.6
158.4
567.4
391.5
398.7

15,022.7
1,939.6
1,207.7
160.5
571.4
401.4
414.5

15,060.6
1,950.3
1,217.7
157.6
575.0
406.5
423.0

15,622.8
2,042.4
1,300.7
165.0
576.7
470.5
472.5

14,785.4
1,902.8
1,186.0
149.8
567.0
397.5
411.4

15,046.6
1,927.8
1,204.5
153.8
569.5
408.2
430.6

15,189.0
1,943.9
1,214.7
155.6
573.6
413.5
432.9

142.4
16.1
10.2
1.8
4.1
5.3
2.3

1,283.6
3,070.4
1,034.5
951.3
1,246.1

1,413.9
3,147.1
951.4
924.9
911.3

1,403.8
3,148.7
963.1
931.7
923.3

1,385.8
3,128.9
975.9
923.6
934.7

1,306.0
3,084.5
1,046.7
949.7
1,282.3

1,376.6
3,124.7
955.8
912.1
912.2

1,391.4
3,131.6
970.4
917.8
924.4

1,399.4
3,139.6
986.3
921.1
964.2

8.0
8.0
15.9
3.3
39.8

546.8
2,993.4
1,043.6

429.9
3,056.6
985.7

445.5
3,176.3
1,021.1

456.3
3,196.0
1,028.6

554.8
3,025.7
1,070.1

441.4
3,101.9
1,018.6

454.9
3,218.2
1,050.7

466.4
3,237.7
1,060.6

11.5
19.5
9.9

1,949.8
830.8
552.0

2,070.9
719.4
535.3

2,155.2
733.6
541.2

2,167.4
731.4
548.2

1,955.7
830.3
557.4

2,083.3
708.8
540.2

2,167.5
725.8
545.5

2,177.1
729.2
554.8

9.6
3.4
9.3

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,631.1
503.2
170.5
66.6
1,543.4

5,139.8
398.9
145.5
57.5
1,458.3

5,215.7
409.4
146.0
57.3
1,467.0

5,370.2
404.1
146.0
57.2
1,470.2

5,628.6
503.5
170.0
65.7
1,528.0

5,218.5
395.4
145.3
55.0
1,439.8

5,300.2
405.9
145.8
54.9
1,449.8

5,373.8
404.3
145.9
56.1
1,454.4

73.6
-1.6
0.1
1.2
4.6

513.8
51.4
42.3
755.1
792.4
1,192.4

273.5
50.0
27.3
674.5
877.1
1,177.2

282.4
49.8
27.3
680.4
883.2
1,212.9

380.5
49.5
25.4
683.2
903.7
1,250.4

500.7
51.3
35.9
755.0
825.3
1,193.2

335.0
50.0
20.7
672.3
917.8
1,187.2

346.2
49.8
20.9
679.0
926.3
1,221.6

367.6
49.5
21.7
683.9
936.6
1,253.8

21.4
-0.3
0.8
4.9
10.3
32.2

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

545.8

541.3

539.9

539.9

547.5

538.8

539.0

541.8

2.8

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,860
769.0

2,583
734.8

2,601
737.8

2,607
737.7

2,866
765.2

2,565
730.4

2,591
734.2

2,618
733.7

27
-0.5

439.9
266.0
700.5

225.9
238.3
684.3

250.8
240.8
677.7

256.6
247.5
675.0

445.5
265.0
704.4

214.0
239.1
684.4

241.1
242.0
680.1

264.3
246.4
678.8

23.2
4.4
-1.3

341.3
343.2

342.0
358.1

336.1
357.9

335.3
355.0

341.9
344.4

341.1
355.5

337.8
355.4

337.7
357.3

-0.1
1.9

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . .
Activities related to credit intermediation.. .
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,775
6,435.2
19.6

8,681
6,473.3
20.2

8,703
6,483.2
20.0

8,682
6,472.6
19.9

8,771
6,442.1
19.7

8,620
6,452.9
19.8

8,646
6,466.1
19.8

8,683
6,482.4
20.0

37
16.3
0.2

2,649.1
1,771.3
1,385.6
579.4
298.4

2,661.2
1,774.0
1,384.9
577.9
309.3

2,663.1
1,768.6
1,379.4
585.0
309.5

2,654.5
1,752.8
1,365.5
588.5
313.2

2,650.9
1,777.1
1,390.3
575.3
298.5

2,650.2
1,765.1
1,377.3
574.8
310.3

2,656.9
1,762.7
1,375.1
582.5
311.7

2,661.5
1,760.7
1,372.9
586.7
314.1

4.6
-2.0
-2.2
4.2
2.4

964.8
2,801.7
2,339.5
1,727.7
588.6

975.4
2,816.5
2,207.5
1,695.1
488.9

980.0
2,820.1
2,220.0
1,703.9
492.6

973.7
2,824.5
2,209.0
1,694.1
492.1

967.1
2,804.4
2,328.9
1,725.9
579.8

969.4
2,813.5
2,167.3
1,674.0
470.3

970.6
2,818.8
2,180.2
1,680.4
476.8

974.6
2,826.3
2,200.2
1,692.3
484.9

4.0
7.5
20.0
11.9
8.1

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Sept.
2019

July
2020

Aug.
2020p

Seasonally adjusted
Sept.
2020p

Sept.
2019

July
2020

Aug.
2020p

Sept.
2020p

Change
from:
Aug.2020 Sept.2020p

Real estate and rental and leasing Continued
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . .

23.2

23.5

23.5

22.8

23.2

23.0

23.0

23.0

0.0

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . .
Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scientific research and development
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other professional and technical services. . .
Management of companies and enterprises. . .
Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . .
Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Travel arrangement and reservation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investigation and security services. . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . .
Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21,479
9,516.9
1,146.9
969.9
1,520.4
144.7

20,010
9,307.8
1,116.6
947.6
1,496.4
132.1

20,220
9,338.9
1,112.4
950.8
1,505.6
133.0

20,239
9,295.7
1,108.0
946.7
1,501.6
134.5

21,402
9,603.0
1,152.4
1,032.6
1,518.4
145.1

19,887
9,294.8
1,108.4
1,012.7
1,470.7
132.1

20,075
9,339.8
1,110.4
1,011.8
1,487.7
133.0

20,164
9,387.1
1,113.5
1,014.0
1,500.8
134.6

89
47.3
3.1
2.2
13.1
1.6

2,210.9

2,178.2

2,188.1

2,167.0

2,223.5

2,154.2

2,167.6

2,179.3

11.7

1,541.9

1,497.2

1,504.0

1,498.1

1,543.8

1,490.9

1,495.9

1,499.0

3.1

732.4
490.2
759.6
2,434.1
9,527.6
9,066.1
526.9
165.6
3,722.8
3,016.9
871.3

749.3
448.4
742.0
2,354.7
8,347.1
7,886.9
508.1
158.3
2,941.0
2,319.4
752.0

753.4
443.0
748.6
2,353.0
8,527.9
8,068.7
507.9
156.9
3,108.7
2,473.9
766.5

748.0
443.1
748.7
2,348.0
8,594.8
8,137.3
509.6
155.7
3,176.5
2,542.8
780.9

735.7
492.4
759.1
2,438.3
9,360.2
8,901.2
527.9
164.4
3,644.6
2,949.1
871.6

739.9
445.4
740.5
2,336.6
8,255.3
7,803.9
506.9
158.4
2,977.9
2,365.1
761.3

747.6
440.5
745.3
2,340.0
8,394.7
7,942.4
505.7
156.9
3,098.2
2,466.6
773.5

752.6
444.9
748.4
2,351.3
8,425.7
7,970.6
510.2
155.3
3,098.7
2,474.7
781.9

5.0
4.4
3.1
11.3
31.0
28.2
4.5
-1.6
0.5
8.1
8.4

219.6
962.2
2,252.6
345.1

161.4
899.6
2,172.5
294.0

157.6
908.1
2,165.1
297.9

155.5
911.8
2,147.2
300.1

218.3
952.5
2,180.1
341.7

158.7
901.3
2,044.2
295.2

156.0
904.9
2,048.5
298.7

154.7
902.3
2,070.9
296.6

-1.3
-2.6
22.4
-2.1

461.5

460.2

459.2

457.5

459.0

451.4

452.3

455.1

2.8

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of other health practitioners. . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other ambulatory health care
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . .
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential mental health facilities. . . . . .
Community care facilities for the
elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emergency and other relief services. . . . . .
Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . .
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24,257
3,763.5
20,493.4
16,342.4
7,735.4
2,678.6
969.4
975.0
965.3
285.7
1,542.8

22,646
3,164.5
19,481.0
15,736.4
7,411.7
2,592.1
918.8
885.9
942.8
273.9
1,496.3

22,835
3,233.5
19,601.3
15,806.0
7,492.6
2,617.7
939.6
898.4
951.6
273.8
1,509.0

23,125
3,445.7
19,678.9
15,824.0
7,529.3
2,629.1
937.2
906.2
952.3
276.4
1,524.6

24,323
3,791.6
20,531.1
16,356.8
7,748.9
2,684.6
972.1
979.4
968.6
285.1
1,542.0

22,979
3,471.5
19,507.2
15,712.8
7,404.2
2,591.9
917.6
883.1
943.1
273.0
1,494.0

23,149
3,542.2
19,607.2
15,786.8
7,487.1
2,618.1
936.0
896.2
952.3
273.6
1,508.4

23,189
3,473.7
19,714.9
15,839.6
7,544.7
2,636.3
939.9
910.0
955.5
276.0
1,524.6

40
-68.5
107.7
52.8
57.6
18.2
3.9
13.8
3.2
2.4
16.2

318.6
5,219.9
3,387.1
1,602.5
647.9

301.9
5,135.7
3,189.0
1,480.3
620.7

302.5
5,142.1
3,171.3
1,472.5
620.8

303.5
5,136.0
3,158.7
1,463.8
619.9

317.2
5,218.8
3,389.1
1,601.5
649.6

301.5
5,133.1
3,175.5
1,476.6
616.6

302.5
5,141.6
3,158.1
1,467.3
618.3

302.4
5,135.2
3,159.7
1,462.5
621.2

-0.1
-6.4
1.6
-4.8
2.9

970.6
166.1
4,151.0
2,619.4
185.0
320.7
1,025.9

927.1
160.9
3,744.6
2,513.6
182.7
279.6
768.7

918.9
159.1
3,795.3
2,525.2
179.4
283.2
807.5

916.1
158.9
3,854.9
2,537.4
181.6
283.0
852.9

972.0
166.0
4,174.3
2,639.4
185.4
322.4
1,027.0

923.0
159.3
3,794.4
2,508.3
183.0
274.7
828.4

914.4
158.1
3,820.4
2,524.0
180.8
280.3
835.3

917.1
158.9
3,875.3
2,555.7
182.2
284.4
853.0

2.7
0.8
54.9
31.7
1.4
4.1
17.7

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . .
Museums, historical sites, and similar
institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,759
2,483.7
537.7

13,152
1,826.5
273.3

13,231
1,798.1
287.4

13,124
1,702.6
279.0

16,631
2,440.7
521.0

12,566
1,587.4
257.4

12,709
1,609.6
274.0

13,027
1,676.6
269.6

318
67.0
-4.4

174.3

138.6

135.7

130.0

172.5

124.8

126.3

128.9

2.6

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Sept.
2019

July
2020

Aug.
2020p

Sept.
2020p

Sept.
2019

July
2020

Aug.
2020p

Sept.
2020p

Change
from:
Aug.2020 Sept.2020p

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . .

1,771.7
14,275.4
2,115.1
12,160.3

1,414.6
11,325.5
1,450.4
9,875.1

1,375.0
11,432.8
1,456.4
9,976.4

1,293.6
11,421.2
1,404.3
10,016.9

1,747.2
14,189.8
2,076.5
12,113.3

1,205.2
10,978.6
1,298.1
9,680.5

1,209.3
11,099.7
1,314.9
9,784.8

1,278.1
11,350.7
1,365.6
9,985.1

68.8
251.0
50.7
200.3

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Membership associations and organizations. . .

5,894
1,360.6
1,528.0
3,005.0

5,409
1,289.9
1,248.7
2,870.2

5,445
1,308.9
1,258.4
2,877.6

5,433
1,310.7
1,255.2
2,866.6

5,907
1,360.3
1,527.8
3,018.4

5,340
1,282.6
1,239.7
2,817.6

5,410
1,305.8
1,255.0
2,849.3

5,446
1,310.6
1,255.4
2,879.9

36
4.8
0.4
30.6

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .

22,639
2,859.0
2,256.1
603.1
5,238.0
2,538.5
2,699.4
14,542.0
7,967.5
6,574.9

20,268
2,929
2,335.0
593.6
4,634
1,924.7
2,709.0
12,705
6,347.9
6,357.2

20,987
3,172
2,571.8
599.8
4,707
2,000.4
2,706.6
13,108
6,749.0
6,358.7

21,796
3,133
2,531.6
601.3
4,993
2,297.6
2,695.8
13,670
7,400.0
6,270.2

22,650
2,857.0
2,250.4
606.2
5,181.0
2,483.2
2,697.7
14,612.0
8,027.0
6,585.2

21,552
2,912
2,314.2
598.2
4,964
2,269.8
2,694.0
13,676
7,549.2
6,127.1

22,019
3,162
2,559.2
602.5
4,983
2,288.9
2,694.3
13,874
7,687.8
6,186.4

21,803
3,128
2,525.3
602.3
4,935
2,239.5
2,695.1
13,740
7,456.7
6,282.8

-216
-34
-33.9
-0.2
-48
-49.4
0.8
-134
-231.1
96.4

Industry

Arts, entertainment, and recreation Continued

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3
Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Sept.
2019

July
2020

Aug.
2020p

Sept.
2020p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.4
40.4
46.2
39.7
40.5
41.0
39.7
33.2
34.2
38.9
30.7
38.4
42.1
36.5
37.6
36.1
33.0
25.9
31.8

34.6
39.5
43.9
38.8
39.8
40.0
39.4
33.5
34.1
38.4
30.6
38.3
42.6
36.3
37.5
36.4
33.4
25.5
32.2

34.6
39.7
44.0
38.8
40.0
40.2
39.6
33.6
34.1
38.4
30.7
38.4
43.3
36.5
37.5
36.5
33.4
25.7
32.2

34.7
39.8
44.2
38.8
40.2
40.4
39.7
33.7
34.3
38.5
30.9
38.7
42.7
36.4
37.6
36.5
33.5
26.0
32.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

3.2
3.2
3.3

2.9
2.7
3.1

3.0
2.9
3.1

2.9
2.9
3.0

Industry

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Sept.
2019

July
2020

Aug.
2020p

Sept.
2020p

Sept.
2019

July
2020

Aug.
2020p

Sept.
2020p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$28.16
29.18
34.44
30.87
27.88
29.33
25.34
27.92
24.38
31.56
19.84
24.94
41.75
42.28
36.03
33.94
27.74
16.67
25.32

$29.35
30.05
35.19
31.74
28.77
30.19
26.37
29.19
25.34
32.48
20.98
25.46
43.53
44.10
37.73
35.04
28.46
16.88
26.52

$29.45
30.16
35.13
31.83
28.93
30.41
26.44
29.28
25.43
32.55
21.15
25.49
44.05
43.94
38.05
35.18
28.54
16.99
26.44

$29.47
30.11
35.02
31.83
28.85
30.24
26.50
29.32
25.59
32.56
21.50
25.51
44.02
43.77
38.17
35.26
28.62
17.02
26.45

$968.70
1,178.87
1,591.13
1,225.54
1,129.14
1,202.53
1,006.00
926.94
833.80
1,227.68
609.09
957.70
1,757.68
1,543.22
1,354.73
1,225.23
915.42
431.75
805.18

$1,015.51
1,186.98
1,544.84
1,231.51
1,145.05
1,207.60
1,038.98
977.87
864.09
1,247.23
641.99
975.12
1,854.38
1,600.83
1,414.88
1,275.46
950.56
430.44
853.94

$1,018.97
1,197.35
1,545.72
1,235.00
1,157.20
1,222.48
1,047.02
983.81
867.16
1,249.92
649.31
978.82
1,907.37
1,603.81
1,426.88
1,284.07
953.24
436.64
851.37

$1,022.61
1,198.38
1,547.88
1,235.00
1,159.77
1,221.70
1,052.05
988.08
877.74
1,253.56
664.35
987.24
1,879.65
1,593.23
1,435.19
1,286.99
958.77
442.52
854.34

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Industry

Sept.
2019

July
2020

Aug.
2020p

Sept.
2020p

Percent
change
from:
Aug.
2020 Sept.
2020p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

111.2
97.1
106.1
103.0
93.6
93.1
94.8
115.0
103.4
101.5
97.4
124.2
99.7
95.5
108.1
121.1
131.1
122.9
108.3

102.5
89.7
85.5
96.3
86.7
85.1
89.3
105.8
97.2
94.7
91.9
114.8
99.3
85.0
105.9
113.5
125.3
91.4
99.1

103.4
90.3
84.6
96.6
87.4
85.7
90.4
107.2
98.6
94.9
93.8
116.9
101.0
86.4
106.2
114.9
126.2
93.2
100.4

104.5
91.0
85.1
96.9
88.3
86.6
91.0
108.3
100.0
95.5
95.3
119.5
100.1
87.0
107.0
115.4
126.8
96.6
101.4

1.1
0.8
0.6
0.3
1.0
1.1
0.7
1.0
1.4
0.6
1.6
2.2
-0.9
0.7
0.8
0.4
0.5
3.6
1.0

1

Sept.
2019

July
2020

Aug.
2020p

Sept.
2020p

Percent
change
from:
Aug.
2020 Sept.
2020p

149.7
128.1
146.7
138.1
121.4
121.3
121.9
156.1
136.0
133.9
127.7
157.6
137.6
143.8
151.9
166.5
174.9
165.3
150.3

143.8
121.8
120.8
132.8
115.9
114.2
119.5
150.1
132.9
128.7
127.4
148.7
142.8
133.5
155.9
161.0
171.6
124.5
144.1

145.6
123.1
119.3
133.5
117.5
115.7
121.2
152.5
135.2
129.2
131.1
151.6
147.0
135.1
157.7
163.7
173.3
127.7
145.5

147.2
123.8
119.7
134.0
118.4
116.3
122.3
154.4
138.0
130.0
135.4
155.1
145.6
135.6
159.3
164.8
174.6
132.7
147.0

1.1
0.6
0.3
0.4
0.8
0.5
0.9
1.2
2.1
0.6
3.3
2.3
-1.0
0.4
1.0
0.7
0.8
3.9
1.0

The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)

Percent of all employees

Industry

Sept.
2019

July
2020

Aug.
2020p

Sept.
2020p

Sept.
2019

July
2020

Aug.
2020p

Sept.
2020p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................... .
Information........................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................... .
Government............................................ .

75,610
62,533
4,734
99
974
3,661
1,945
1,716
57,799
11,099
1,782.0
7,740.9
1,444.1
131.7
1,140
4,963
9,787
18,809
8,849
3,152
13,077

69,341
56,923
4,493
92
958
3,443
1,834
1,609
52,430
10,225
1,673.8
7,161.9
1,257.0
132.2
1,023
4,868
9,095
17,712
6,697
2,810
12,418

70,214
57,516
4,528
92
965
3,471
1,849
1,622
52,988
10,399
1,680.5
7,305.8
1,280.7
131.8
1,038
4,884
9,210
17,842
6,770
2,845
12,698

70,500
57,959
4,544
91
966
3,487
1,858
1,629
53,415
10,545
1,680.5
7,398.0
1,331.6
135.2
1,047
4,897
9,242
17,901
6,918
2,865
12,541

50.0
48.6
22.4
13.5
12.9
28.5
24.1
35.9
53.7
40.1
30.1
49.5
25.7
24.1
39.8
56.6
45.7
77.3
53.2
53.4
57.7

49.7
48.2
22.5
14.8
13.3
28.4
24.3
35.4
53.4
39.1
29.9
48.4
24.1
24.5
39.9
56.5
45.7
77.1
53.3
52.6
57.6

49.8
48.3
22.7
15.0
13.4
28.6
24.4
35.5
53.5
39.3
30.0
48.6
24.2
24.5
40.1
56.5
45.9
77.1
53.3
52.6
57.7

49.7
48.3
22.6
14.8
13.3
28.6
24.4
35.5
53.5
39.5
29.9
48.7
24.8
25.0
40.0
56.4
45.8
77.2
53.1
52.6
57.5

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry

Sept.
2019

July
2020

Aug.
2020p

Sept.
2020p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... .
Wholesale trade.................................................................. .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing............................................... .
Utilities............................................................................. .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .

105,885
15,107
532
5,607
8,968
5,547
3,421
90,778
23,448
4,741.9
13,340.7
4,925.3
439.7
2,306
6,782
17,387
21,359
14,611
4,885

95,830
14,139
434
5,297
8,408
5,142
3,266
81,691
21,976
4,437.3
12,601.1
4,509.7
428.1
2,041
6,567
15,884
20,105
10,779
4,339

96,754
14,148
432
5,312
8,404
5,128
3,276
82,606
22,327
4,456.4
12,849.3
4,594.4
426.5
2,049
6,575
16,085
20,264
10,919
4,387

97,557
14,195
428
5,329
8,438
5,154
3,284
83,362
22,557
4,469.1
12,986.5
4,672.3
428.6
2,067
6,592
16,200
20,305
11,210
4,431

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Sept.
2019

July
2020

Aug.
2020p

Sept.
2020p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

33.6
41.2
47.1
40.1
41.5
41.9
40.9
32.3
33.8
38.7
30.3
37.9
42.2
35.5
36.9
35.4
32.1
24.6
30.8

34.0
40.3
44.1
39.3
40.7
41.0
40.3
32.9
34.2
38.1
30.9
38.6
42.6
35.8
37.1
35.8
32.6
24.0
31.3

34.0
40.5
44.6
39.3
41.0
41.3
40.7
32.9
34.0
38.1
30.8
38.3
43.0
36.8
36.8
35.9
32.7
24.4
31.2

34.1
40.5
44.8
39.3
41.0
41.2
40.7
33.0
34.1
38.3
30.8
38.4
43.2
36.2
37.2
35.9
32.7
24.7
31.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

4.2
4.2
4.1

3.7
3.7
3.7

3.7
3.7
3.7

3.6
3.6
3.7

Industry

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Sept.
2019

July
2020

Aug.
2020p

Sept.
2020p

Sept.
2019

July
2020

Aug.
2020p

Sept.
2020p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$23.70
24.90
30.52
28.63
22.26
23.19
20.73
23.44
20.76
26.20
16.74
22.52
36.93
34.42
27.81
28.06
24.54
14.63
21.50

$24.64
25.44
30.59
29.30
22.81
23.79
21.24
24.47
21.32
26.90
17.50
22.61
38.64
35.87
29.15
29.23
25.28
14.54
22.41

$24.78
25.47
30.56
29.40
22.81
23.79
21.24
24.64
21.63
26.99
17.80
23.28
39.03
35.88
29.35
29.41
25.39
14.68
22.39

$24.79
25.42
30.21
29.07
22.94
23.91
21.39
24.66
21.63
26.96
17.85
23.18
38.83
35.69
29.51
29.45
25.52
14.78
22.44

$796.32
1,025.88
1,437.49
1,148.06
923.79
971.66
847.86
757.11
701.69
1,013.94
507.22
853.51
1,558.45
1,221.91
1,026.19
993.32
787.73
359.90
662.20

$837.76
1,025.23
1,349.02
1,151.49
928.37
975.39
855.97
805.06
729.14
1,024.89
540.75
872.75
1,646.06
1,284.15
1,081.47
1,046.43
824.13
348.96
701.43

$842.52
1,031.54
1,362.98
1,155.42
935.21
982.53
864.47
810.66
735.42
1,028.32
548.24
891.62
1,678.29
1,320.38
1,080.08
1,055.82
830.25
358.19
698.57

$845.34
1,029.51
1,353.41
1,142.45
940.54
985.09
870.57
813.78
737.58
1,032.57
549.78
890.11
1,677.46
1,291.98
1,097.77
1,057.26
834.50
365.07
702.37

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Industry

Sept.
2019

July
2020

Aug.
2020p

Sept.
2020p

Percent
change
from:
Aug.
2020 Sept.
2020p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

118.6
95.1
133.2
112.6
85.4
87.3
82.4
124.9
110.8
108.9
102.3
141.3
94.9
93.4
117.8
137.6
146.2
131.7
105.5

108.6
87.1
101.7
104.2
78.6
79.2
77.5
114.5
105.1
100.3
98.5
131.7
93.3
83.4
114.7
127.1
139.7
94.8
95.2

109.6
87.6
102.4
104.5
79.1
79.6
78.6
115.8
106.2
100.8
100.2
133.2
93.8
86.1
113.9
129.1
141.3
97.6
96.0

110.9
87.9
101.9
104.9
79.4
79.8
78.8
117.2
107.6
101.6
101.2
135.8
94.7
85.4
115.4
130.0
141.6
101.4
97.3

1.2
0.3
-0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
1.2
1.3
0.8
1.0
2.0
1.0
-0.8
1.3
0.7
0.2
3.9
1.4

1

Sept.
2019

July
2020

Aug.
2020p

Sept.
2020p

Percent
change
from:
Aug.
2020 Sept.
2020p

187.8
145.0
236.3
174.0
124.4
126.4
120.8
200.9
164.4
168.4
146.7
202.5
146.3
159.2
201.5
229.6
236.8
218.7
165.3

178.8
135.6
180.9
164.9
117.2
117.7
116.4
192.2
160.1
159.3
147.8
189.6
150.4
148.1
205.6
221.0
233.2
156.5
155.5

181.6
136.6
182.0
165.9
118.0
118.2
117.9
195.7
164.1
160.5
152.8
197.3
152.8
152.9
205.6
225.8
236.8
162.7
156.6

183.7
136.8
179.0
164.6
119.1
119.1
119.0
198.3
166.3
161.6
154.8
200.3
153.5
150.9
209.5
227.7
238.5
170.2
159.0

1.2
0.1
-1.6
-0.8
0.9
0.8
0.9
1.3
1.3
0.7
1.3
1.5
0.5
-1.3
1.9
0.8
0.7
4.6
1.5

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2019 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.