StatA 46 CFR Part 45

§ 44.340

46 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
45.59 Definitions for superstructure corrections.
45.61 Correction for superstructures and
trunks.
45.63 Correction for sheer.
45.65 Excess sheer limitations.
45.67 Sheer measurement.
45.69 Correction for bow height.
45.71 Midsummer freeboard.
45.73 Winter freeboard.
45.75 Intermediate freeboard.
45.77 Salt water freeboard.

(i) Show the fore, aft, and mean draft
of the dredge at all times while the
dredge is operating; and
(ii) Have each indicator marked with
the assigned freeboard and the working
freeboard.
§ 44.340

Operating restrictions.

(a) Each hopper dredge assigned a
working freeboard may be operated at
drafts from the normal freeboard to the
working freeboard if the—
(1) Seas are not more than 10 feet;
(2) Winds are not more than 35 knots;
(3) Area of operation is not more
than 20 nautical miles (37 kilometers)
from the mouth of a harbor of safe refuge; and
(4) Specific gravity of the spoil carried is not more than the highest specific gravity of spoil used in the stability calculations required by subchapter S of this chapter.
(b) The Assigning Authority designates on the face of the dredge’s load
line certificate—
(1) Each restriction contained in
paragraph (a)(1) through (a)(3) of this
section; and
(2) The maximum specific gravity of
the spoils allowed to be carried.

Subpart D—Conditions of Assignment
45.101 Purpose.
45.103 Structural stress and stability.
45.105 Information supplied to the master.
45.107 Strength of hull.
45.109 Strength of superstructures and deckhouses.
45.111 Strength of bulkheads at ends of superstructures.
45.113 Access openings in bulkheads at ends
of enclosed superstructures.
45.115 Bulwarks and guardrails.
45.117 Freeing port area: General.
45.119 Freeing port area; Changes from
standard sheer.
45.121 Freeing port area: Changes for trunks
and side coamings.
45.123 Freeing port area: Changes for bulwark height.
45.125 Crew passageways.
45.127 Position of structures, openings, and
fittings.
45.129 Hull fittings: General.
45.131 Ventilators.
45.133 Air pipes.
45.135 Hull openings at or below freeboard
deck.
45.137 Cargo ports.
45.139 Side scuttles.
45.141 Manholes and flush scuttles.
45.143 Hull openings above freeboard deck.
45.145 Hatchway covers.
45.147 Hatchway coamings.
45.149 Machinery space openings.
45.151 Other openings.
45.153 Through-hull piping: General.
45.155 Inlets and discharge piping: Valves.
45.157 Scuppers and gravity drains.
45.159 Special conditions of assignment for
type A vessels.

PART 45—GREAT LAKES LOAD
LINES
Subpart A—General
Sec.
45.1 Purpose.
45.3 Definitions.
45.5 Seasonal application of load lines.
45.9 Seasonal application of load lines for
vessels not marked under this part.
45.11 Issue of load line certificate.
45.13 Form of certificate.
45.15 Exemptions.

Subpart B—Load Line Marks
45.31
45.33
45.35
45.37
45.39

Deck line.
Diamond.
Seasonal load lines.
Salt water load lines.
Marking.

Subpart E—Unmanned River Barges on
Lake Michigan Routes
45.171 Purpose.
45.173 Eligible barges.
45.175 Applicable routes.
45.177 Freeboard requirements.
45.179 Cargo limitations.
45.181 Load line exemption requirements for
the Burns Harbor and Milwaukee routes.
45.183 Load line requirements for the St. Joseph and Muskegon routes.

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Subpart C—Freeboards
45.51
45.53
45.55
45.57
45.58

Types of ships.
Summer freeboard.
Freeboard coefficient.
Correction: Position of deckline.
Correction: Short superstructure.

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Coast Guard, Dept. of Homeland Security
45.185 Tow limitations.
45.187 Weather limitations.
45.191 Pre-departure requirements.
45.193 Towboat power requirements.
45.195 Additional equipment requirements
for the Muskegon route.
45.197 Operational plan requirements for the
Muskegon route.
APPENDIX A TO PART 45—LOAD LINE CERTIFICATE FORM

freeboard deck beam at side except
that—
(1) In vessels of other than metal construction, the distance is measured
from the lower edge of the keel rabbet;
(2) Where the form at the lower part
of the midship section is of a hollow
character, or where thick garboards
are fitted, the distance is measured
from the point where the line of the
flat of the bottom continued inwards
cuts the side of the keel;
(3) In ships having rounded gunwales,
this distance is measured to the point
of intersection of the moulded lines of
the deck and side, the lines extending
as though the gunwale were of angular
design; and
(4) Where the freeboard deck is
stepped and the raised part of the deck
extends over the point at which the
moulded depth is to be determined, the
distance is measured to a line of reference extending from the lower part of
the deck along a line parallel with the
raised part.
(f) Depth for Freeboard (D) means—
(1) Moulded depth amidships plus the
thickness of the stringer plate with no
allowance for sheathing; and
(2) In a vessel having a rounded gunwale with a radius greater than 4 percent of the breadth (B) or having
topsides of unsual form, the depth for
freeboard (D) of a vessel having a midship section with vertical topsides and
with the same round of beam and area
of topside section equal to that provided by the actual midship section.
(g) Freeboard means the distance
measured vertically downwards amidships from the upper edge of the deck
line to the upper edge of the related
load line.
(h) Freeboard Deck means, normally,
the uppermost complete deck exposed
to weather and sea that has permanent
means of closing all openings in the
weather part thereof and below which
all openings in the sides of the ship are
fitted with permanent means of watertight closings except that—
(1) In a ship having a discontinuous
freeboard deck, the lowest line of the
exposed deck and the continuation of
that line parallel to the upper part of
the deck is the freeboard deck.

AUTHORITY: 46 U.S.C. 5104, 5108; Department of Homeland Security Delegation No.
0170.1.
SOURCE: CGD 73–49R, 38 FR 12290, May 10,
1973, unless otherwise noted.

Subpart A—General
§ 45.1 Purpose.
This part prescribes requirements for
assignment of freeboards, issuance of
loadline certificates, and marking of
loadlines for service on the Great
Lakes of North America.
[CGD 73–49R, 38 FR 12290, May 10, 1973, as
amended by USCG–1998–4442, 63 FR 52190,
Sept. 30, 1998]

WReier-Aviles on DSKGBLS3C1PROD with CFR

§ 45.3

§ 45.3 Definitions.
As used in this part:
(a) Length (L) means 96 percent of the
total length on a waterline at 85 percent of the least moulded depth measured from the top of the keel or the
length from the foreside of the stem to
the axis of the rudder stock on that
waterline, if that is greater. In ships
designed with a rake of keel the waterline on which this length is measured
must be parallel to the designed waterline.
(b) Perpendiculars means the forward
and after perpendiculars at the forward
and after ends of the length (L). The
forward perpendicular coincides with
the foreside of the stem on the waterline on which the length is measured.
(c) Amidships means the middle of the
length (L).
(d) Breadth unless expressly provided
otherwise,
means
the
maximum
breadth of the ship, measured amidships to the moulded line of the frame
in a ship with a metal shell and to the
outer surface of the hull in a ship with
a shell of any other material.
(e) Moulded Depth means the vertical
distance measured amidships from the
top of the keel to the top of the

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§ 45.5

46 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)

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(2) At the option of the owner and
subject to the approval of the Commandant a lower deck may be designated as the freeboard deck, if it is a
complete and permanent deck continuous in a fore and aft direction at least
between the machinery space and peak
bulkheads
and
continuous
athwartships;
(3) When this lower deck is stepped
the lowest line of the deck and the continuation of that line parallel to the
upper part of the deck is taken as the
freeboard deck.
(i) Superstructure means a deck structure on the freeboard deck, extending
from side to side of the ship or with the
side plating not being inboard of the
shell plating more than 4 percent of the
breadth (B). A raised quarterdeck is a
superstructure.
(j) Enclosed superstructure means a superstructure with enclosing bulkheads.
(k) Height of a superstructure means
the least vertical height measured at
side from the top of the superstructure
deck beams to the top of the freeboard
deck beams.
(l) Length of a superstructure (S)
means the mean length of the part of
the superstructure which extends to
the sides of the vessel and lies within
the length (L).
(m) Flush deck ship means a ship that
has no superstructure on the freeboard
deck.
(n) Weathertight means that in any
sea conditions water will not penetrate
into the ship.
(o) Watertight means designed to
withstand a static head of water.
(p) Exposed positions means exposed
to weather and sea.
(q) Intact bulkhead with respect to superstructure means a bulkhead with no
openings.
(r) Steel means steel and materials
with which structures can be made
equivalent to steel with respect to such
parameters as yield strength, total deflection, flexural life, or resistance to
galvanic or stress corrosion.

lines marked under this part apply during the following seasons:
(a) Summer load lines apply April 16
through April 30 and September 16
through September 30.
(b) Except for hopper dredges operating at working freeboards in accordance with subpart C of part 44 of this
chapter, the Assigning Authority may
not allow for lesser freeboards.
(c) Intermediate load lines apply October 1 through October 31 and April 1
through April 15.
(d) Winter load lines apply November
1 through March 31.
§ 45.9 Seasonal application of load
lines for vessels not marked under
this part.
(a) For the purposes of the law and
regulations prohibiting submergence of
load lines (46 U.S.C. 88c; 46 CFR 42.07–
10) the marks assigned to vessels holding international load line certificates
apply during the following seasons:
(1) Vessels assigned freeboards as new
vessels under the International Load
Line Convention, 1966—
(i) Winter—November 1 through
March 31.
(ii) Summer—April 1 through April 30
and October 1 through October 31.
(iii) Tropical—May 1 through September 30;
(2) Vessels assigned freeboards as existing vessels under the International
Load Line Convention, 1966—
(i) Winter—November 1 through
March 31;
(ii) Summer—April 1 through April 30
and October 1 through October 31;
(iii) Tropical—September 16 through
September 30;
(iv) Tropical Fresh—May 1 through
September 15.
(b) Except for hopper dredges operating at working freeboards in accordance with subpart C of part 44 of this
chapter, the Assigning Authority may
not allow for lesser freeboards.
[CGD 73–49R, 38 FR 12290, May 10, 1973, as
amended by CGD 76–080, 54 FR 36977, Sept. 6,
1989]

§ 45.5 Seasonal application of load
lines.
For the purposes of the law and regulations prohibiting submergence of
load lines (46 U.S.C. 88c; 46 CFR 42.07–
10), the fresh water and salt water load

§ 45.11 Issue of load line certificate.
(a) A vessel 79 feet in length and
more, and 150 gross tons or over, the
keel of which is laid or which has
reached a similar stage of construction

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Coast Guard, Dept. of Homeland Security
after April 14, 1973, must meet the requirements of this part.
(b) Except as prescribed in paragraph
(a) of this section, any vessel that
meets the requirements in subparts C
and D of this part and the survey requirements in §§ 42.09–15 through 42.09–
50 of this subchapter is entitled to assignment of freeboards and issue of a
load line certificate under this part by
the Commandant or his authorized representative.
(c) A vessel, the keel of which was
laid or was at a similar stage of construction before April 14, 1973, that
meets the requirements of this part
that were in effect before April 14, 1973,
and the survey requirements in §§ 42.09–
15 through 42.09–50 of this subchapter is
entitled
to
the
assignment
of
freeboards calculated under the provisions of this part in effect before April
14, 1973, and to a load line certificate
issued under this part by the Commandant or his authorized representative.

the chairman of the board of Steamship Inspections.
(c) A vessel that is not normally engaged on voyages to which this part applies but that, in exceptional circumstances, is required to undertake a
single such voyage between two specific ports may be exempted by the
Commandant from any of the requirements of this part, if the ship complies
with safety requirements that, in the
opinion of the Commandant are adequate for the voyage that is to be undertaken by the vessel.
(d) Unmanned dry cargo river barges
carrying non-hazardous cargoes on certain routes on Lake Michigan may be
exempted from load line requirements
in accordance with the conditions specified in subpart E of this part.

§ 45.13

§ 45.31 Deck line.
(a) Each vessel must be marked with
a deck line on the outer surface of the
shell on each side of the vessel with the
upper edge of the line passing through
the point where the upper surface of
the freeboard deck intersects the outer
surface of the shell or if the summer
freeboard is correspondingly adjusted
under § 45.57, the deck line may be
placed above or below the freeboard
deck. Figure 1 illustrates the deck line
markings.
(b) Each deck line must be at least
12-inches long and 1-inch wide.

[CGD 73–49R, 38 FR 12290, May 10, 1973, as
amended by CGD 84–058, 50 FR 19533, May 9,
1985; USCG–1998–4623, 67 FR 19690, Apr. 23,
2002]

Subpart B—Load Line Marks

Form of certificate.

The form of a load line certificate
issued under this part is specified in
appendix A to this part.
§ 45.15

Exemptions.

(a) The Commandant may exempt a
ship from any of the requirements in
this part if the chairman of the board
of Steamship Inspections, Department
of Transport, Canada, and the Commandant agree that the sheltered nature or the condition of that voyage
make it unreasonable or impracticable
to apply requirements of this part.
(b) The Commandant may exempt a
vessel that embodies features of a
novel kind from any of the requirements of this part if those requirements might seriously impede research
into the development of such features
and their incorporation in ships. Any
such vessel must comply with the safety requirements that, in the opinion of
the Commandant, are adequate for the
service for which the vessel is intended
and will insure the overall safety of the
vessel. If the Commandant grants an
exemption pursuant to this paragraph
he communicates the details of the exemption and the reasons therefor to

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§ 45.31

§ 45.33

46 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
a dark ground or in black on a light
ground and permanently marked on
the sides of the vessel.
(b) The upper edge of the line that
passes through the center of the diamond must indicate summer freeboard
assigned under § 45.53.
(c) Unless otherwise authorized the
seasonal load lines must be horizontal
lines extending forward of, and at right
angles to, a vertical line marked at a
distance 26 inches forward of the
vertical centerline of the diamond as
described in figure 2.
(d) The salt water load lines must be
horizontal lines extending abaft the
vertical line required by paragraph (b)
of this section as described in figure 2.
(e) The upper edge of each seasonal
and salt water load line mark must indicate the minimum freeboard for that
mark.
(f) When two freeboards assigned
under this part differ by 2 inches or
less, the line for the lesser freeboard
must be omitted and the line for the
greater freeboard must be identified
with the seasonal letters for both
freeboards.
(g) Seasonal freeboards that are limited by a summer freeboard assigned
under § 45.53(c) must not be marked but
the identifying letter must be marked
adjacent to the summer mark.
(h) The identity of the authority that
assigns the freeboard must be indicated
alongside the load line diamond above
the horizontal line that passes through
the center of the diamond with two initials approximately 41⁄2 inches high and
3 inches wide.

§ 45.33 Diamond.
(a) Each vessel must be marked with
the diamond mark described in figure 2
of § 45.35 amidships below the upper
edge of the deck line on each side with
the center of the loadline mark at a
distance below the deck line equal to
the summer freeboard assigned under
this part.
(b) The width of each line in the
loadline mark must be 1 inch.
§ 45.35 Seasonal load lines.
Each vessel must have the summer
(S), midsummer (MS), intermediate (I),
and winter (W) loadlines for fresh
water freeboards calculated under
§§ 45.71 through 45.75 marked in accordance with § 45.39.

§ 45.37 Salt water load lines.
Each vessel that operates in the salt
water of the St. Lawrence River must—
(a) Be marked with the summer (S),
midsummer (MS), intermediate (I) and
winter (W) load line marks under § 45.77
for salt water; and
(b) Be marked with the letters ‘‘FW’’
above the fresh water marks and the
letters ‘‘SW’’ above the salt water
marks as described in figure 2.

§ 45.51 Types of ships.
(a) For the purpose of this subpart, a
type A vessel has—
(1) No cargo ports or similar sideshell
openings below the freeboard deck;
(2) Only small freeboard deck openings fitted with watertight gasketed
hatch covers of steel;
(3) No dimension of a freeboard deck
cargo opening greater than 6 feet and
the total area not exceeding 18 ft2; and
(4) No more than two freeboard deck
cargo openings to a single cargo space.
(b) For the purposes of this subpart a
type B vessel is a vessel that does not

§ 45.39 Marking.
(a) The diamond, lines, and letters
must be painted in white or yellow on

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Subpart C—Freeboards

Coast Guard, Dept. of Homeland Security
P1=P+A[(L/D)–(L/Ds)]

meet the requirements in paragraph (a)
of this section.
§ 45.53

where P is a factor, which is a function of
the length from table 1 and ‘‘A’’ is a coefficient, which is a function of length (L),
from table 2; L/D is the ratio of the length
(L) to the depth for freeboard (D); L/Ds is
the ratio of the length (L) to a standard
depth (Ds) from table 3.
D is not to be used as less than that which
will give a ration of L to D that is:
(a) More than 15 when L=400 feet or less, or
(b) More than 21 when L=700 feet or more,
with the ratio for intermediate lengths being
calculated proportionately.

Summer freeboard.

(a) Except as required in paragraph
(c) of this section, the minimum
freeboard in summer for a type A vessel is F in the following formula modified by the corrections in this subpart:
F (inches)=10.2×P1×D
where P1 is defined in § 45.55 and D is the
depth for freeboard in feet.

(b) Except as required in paragraph
(c) of this section, the minimum
freeboard in summer for a type B vessel
is F in the formula modified by the corrections in this subpart:

(b) For ships 350 feet or more in
length (L), the coefficient ‘‘A’’ is zero
and the formula is:

F (inches)=12×P1×D

where P is a factor, which is a function of
length from table (1).

P1=P

where P1 is defined by § 45.55 and D is the
depth for freeboard in feet.

§ 45.57 Correction:
deckline.

(c) Seasonal freeboards assigned
under §§ 45.71 through 45.75 must be calculated on the basis of the summer
freeboard calculated under paragraph
(a) or (b) of this section.
(d) If a minimum freeboard is required for a vessel under this part
which is greater than that required by
paragraph (a) or (b) of this section because of scantling or subdivision requirements, the summer freeboard and
the seasonal freeboards assigned under
this subpart must be no less than that
minimum freeboard, except the midsummer seasonal freeboard may be calculated on the basis of the summer
freeboard assigned under this paragraph.
(e) If a greater than the calculated
minimum freeboard is requested by the
applicant for the load line certificate,
that greater freeboard may be assigned
as the summer freeboard and—
(1) The intermediate and winter seasonal freeboards assigned must be calculated under paragraph (a) or (b) of
this section; and
(2)
The
midsummer
seasonal
freeboard must be calculated on the
basis of the summer freeboard assigned
under this paragraph.
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§ 45.58

§ 45.55

Position

(a) Where the depth to the upper edge
of the deckline is greater or less than
D, the difference between the depths
must be added to or deducted from the
freeboard.
(b) When the Commandant or the approved assigning authority approves a
location for the deckline that is above
or below the freeboard deck, the minimum summer freeboard must be corrected by—
(1) Adding the difference between the
depth and D if the depth is greater
than D; and
(2) Subtracting the difference between the depth and D, if the depth is
less than D.
(c) Except for the adjustment allowed
in paragraph (b) of this section, no
freeboard of less than 2 in. may be assigned.
§ 45.58 Correction:
structure.

Short

Freeboard coefficient.

0.03 (500—L) (0.25—E/L) inches
where:
(L)=length of vessel in feet;

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super-

The minimum freeboard in summer
for a type B vessel that is 79 ft. or more
but less than 500 ft. in length and has
enclosed superstructures with an effective length of 25 percent or less of the
length of the vessel must be increased
by—

(a) For ships less than 350 feet in
length (L), the freeboard coefficient is
P1 in the formula:

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§ 45.59

46 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)

(E)=effective length of superstructure in feet
as defined in § 45.59.

TABLE 12(1)—Continued
TABLES OF P VALUES

§ 45.59 Definitions for superstructure
corrections.
For the purpose of §§ 45.58 through
45.61—
(a) The standard height of a superstructure (Hs) other than a raised quarter deck and the standard height of a
trunk (Hs) is determined by the formula:

270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
600
610
620
630
640
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720
730
740
750
760
770
780
790
800
810
820
830
840
850
860
870
880
890
900
910
920
930
940
950
960

Hs=[6.0+(L/300)] ft
(b) The length of superstructure (S) is
the length of those parts of the superstructure which extends to the sides of
the vessel and that lie within the
length (L).
(c) The effective length (E) of a trunk
is its length in the ratio of its mean
breadth to B.
(d) The effective length (E) of an enclosed superstructure of standard
height or greater is its length ‘‘S’’.
(e) Where the height of an enclosed
superstructure or trunk is less than the
standard height (Hs),the effective
length (E) is its length reduced in the
ratio of its height to Hs.
(f) The effective length (E) of a raised
quarter deck of 2⁄3 Hs or greater that
has no openings in the front bulkhead
is its length up to a maximum of 0.6L.
(g) The effective length (E) of a
raised quarter deck of less than 2⁄3 Hs or
that does not have an intact front
bulkhead is its length reduced by the
ratio of its height to Hs.
TABLE 12(1)
TABLES OF P VALUES

Value of
P

WReier-Aviles on DSKGBLS3C1PROD with CFR

Length of Ship (feet)
80 ...........................................................................
90 ...........................................................................
100 .........................................................................
110 .........................................................................
120 .........................................................................
130 .........................................................................
140 .........................................................................
150 .........................................................................
160 .........................................................................
170 .........................................................................
180 .........................................................................
190 .........................................................................
200 .........................................................................
210 .........................................................................
220 .........................................................................
230 .........................................................................
240 .........................................................................
250 .........................................................................
260 .........................................................................

Value of
P

Length of Ship (feet)

0.1100
0.1136
0.1172
0.1208
0.1244
0.1281
0.1318
0.1355
0.1393
0.1430
0.1468
0.1506
0.1545
0.1583
0.1622
0.1661
0.1700
0.1740
0.1780

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.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................
.........................................................................

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0.1820
0.1860
0.1900
0.1941
0.1982
0.2023
0.2065
0.2106
0.2148
0.2190
0.2233
0.2275
0.2318
0.2361
0.2400
0.2437
0.2472
0.2506
0.2537
0.2567
0.2595
0.2621
0.2645
0.2667
0.2688
0.2706
0.2723
0.2738
0.2751
0.2762
0.2772
0.2779
0.2785
0.2788
0.2790
0.2790
0.2789
0.2785
0.2779
0.2772
0.2768
0.2760
0.2751
0.2740
0.2728
0.2715
0.2700
0.2684
0.2667
0.2648
0.2628
0.2607
0.2584
0.2560
0.2532
0.2504
0.2476
0.2448
0.2420
0.2392
0.2364
0.2336
0.2308
0.2280
0.2252
0.2224
0.2196
0.2168
0.2140
0.2112

Coast Guard, Dept. of Homeland Security

§ 45.61

TABLE 12(1)—Continued

TABLE 12(3)—Continued
VALUES OF L/DS

TABLES OF P VALUES

Value of
P

Length of Ship (feet)
970 .........................................................................
980 .........................................................................
990 .........................................................................
1000 .......................................................................

Length of Ship (feet)
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400

0.2084
0.2056
0.2028
0.2000

TABLE 12(2)
VALUES OF ‘‘A’’ FOR USE IN THE EXPRESSION

P1=P+‘‘A’’ (L/D—L/Ds)
Length of Ship (feet)

.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................

(h) Superstructures which are not enclosed have no effective length.
(i) When a lower deck is designated
as the freeboard deck, that part of the
hull which extends above the freeboard
deck is treated as a superstructure so
far as concerns the application of the
conditions of assignment and the calculation of freeboard.
(j) A bridge or poop is enclosed only
when access is provided whereby the
crew may reach accommodations, machinery, or other working spaces inside
the superstructure by alternative
means that are available at all times
when bulkhead openings are closed.

0.00864
0.00806
0.00750
0.00696
0.00644
0.00594
0.00546
0.00500
0.00456
0.00414
0.00374
0.00336
0.00300
0.00266
0.00234
0.00204
0.00176
0.00150
0.00126
0.00104
0.00084
0.00066
0.00050
0.00036
0.00024
0.00014
0.00006
0.00000

§ 45.61 Correction for superstructures
and trunks.
(a) Where the effective length E of
superstructures and trunks that meet
the requirements of subpart D of this
part is 1.0L, the minimum summer
freeboard may be corrected by subtracting 1⁄2Hs.
(b) Where the effective length of superstructures and trunks is less than
1.0L the minimum summer freeboard
may be corrected by subtracting a percentage of one-half of the standard superstructure height (Hs) determined by
the formula:

TABLE 12(3)
VALUES OF L/DS

Length of Ship (feet)

Value of L/D5

80 ...................................................................
90 ...................................................................
100 .................................................................
110 .................................................................
120 .................................................................
130 .................................................................
140 .................................................................
150 .................................................................
160 .................................................................
170 .................................................................
180 .................................................................
190 .................................................................
200 .................................................................
210 .................................................................
220 .................................................................
230 .................................................................
240 .................................................................
250 .................................................................
260 .................................................................
270 .................................................................
280 .................................................................
290 .................................................................
300 .................................................................

6.50000
6.76563
7.03125
7.29688
7.56250
7.82813
8.09375
8.35938
8.62500
8.89063
9.19625
9.42188
9.68750
9.95313
10.21875
10.48438
10.75000
11.01563
11.28125
11.54688
11.81250
12.07813
12.34375

Percentage=(E/2L) (1+E/L)×100
(c) To be eligible for the correction a
trunk must—
(1) Be at least as strong and as stiff
as a superstructure;
(2) Have no opening in the freeboard
deck in way of the trunk, except small
access openings;
(3) Have hatchway coamings and covers that meet §§ 45.143 through 45.147;
(4) Provide a permanent working
platform fore and aft with guardrails;

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12.60938
12.87500
13.14063
13.40625
13.67188
13.93750
14.20313
14.46875
14.73438
15.00000

Value of ‘‘A’’

80 .......................................................................
90 .......................................................................
100 .....................................................................
110 .....................................................................
120 .....................................................................
130 .....................................................................
140 .....................................................................
150 .....................................................................
160 .....................................................................
170 .....................................................................
180 .....................................................................
190 .....................................................................
200 .....................................................................
210 .....................................................................
220 .....................................................................
230 .....................................................................
240 .....................................................................
250 .....................................................................
260 .....................................................................
270 .....................................................................
280 .....................................................................
290 .....................................................................
300 .....................................................................
310 .....................................................................
320 .....................................................................
330 .....................................................................
340 .....................................................................
350 .....................................................................

WReier-Aviles on DSKGBLS3C1PROD with CFR

Value of L/D5

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§ 45.63

46 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)

(5) Provide fore and aft access between detached trunks and superstructures by permanent gangways;
(6) Be at least 60 percent of the
breadth of the ship in way of the trunk;
and
(7) Be at least 0.6 L in length, if no
superstructure, is provided.

may be decreased by the excess as limited by § 45.65, of sheer calculated from
table 4, multiplied by:
0.75—(S/2L)
where S is the total length of enclosed superstructures. Trunks are not included.

§ 45.65

§ 45.63 Correction for sheer.
(a) The minimum summer freeboard
must be increased by the deficiency, or

Excess sheer limitations.

The decrease in freeboard allowed in
§ 45.63 is limited as follows:

SHEER CALCULATION—TABLE 4
Station

Actual ordinate

After Half:
AP ............................................................................
L/6-AP ......................................................................
L/3-AP ......................................................................
Midship .....................................................................

...............
...............
...............
...............

1
3
3
1

...............
...............
...............

............
............
............

...............
...............
...............
...............

1
3
3
1

...............
...............
...............

............
............
............

S. M.

Product

lllllll

Sum of Aft Products
After Standard Sheer .2665L+26.651 ......................
Difference: Sum-STD ...............................................
AFT Sheer: Diff÷8 ....................................................
Fwd. Half:
FP ............................................................................
L/6-FP ......................................................................
L/3-FP ......................................................................
Midships ...................................................................

lllllll
lllllll +Excess/¥Deficiency
lllllll Excess/Deficiency

lllllll

Sum of Fwd Products
Fwd Standard Sheer .5330L+53.301 .......................
Difference: Sum-STD ...............................................
FWD Sheer: Diff÷8 ..................................................
1L

lllllll
lllllll +Excess/¥Deficiency
lllllll Excess/Deficiency

in Standard Sheer=L or 500 whichever is less.
Sheer Summation
lllllll
lllllll
lllllll
lllllll Excess/Deficiency

WReier-Aviles on DSKGBLS3C1PROD with CFR

Aft Sheer±
Fwd Sheer±
Net Sheer±
Mean: Net¥2

(a) In vessels having no enclosed superstructure from 0.1 L abaft amidships
to 0.1 L forward of amidships, no decrease is allowed.
(b) In vessels having enclosed superstructures amidships less than 0.1 L before and abaft amidships, the decrease
must be reduced by linear interpolation.
(c) If excess sheer exists in the forward half, and the after half is at least
75 percent of standard sheer, the full
decrease is allowed. If the after sheer is
between 50 percent and 75 percent of
standard sheer an intermediate decrease, determined by linear interpolation, is allowed for the excess sheer forward. If the after sheer is 50 percent of

standard or less, no decrease is allowed
for the excess sheer forward.
(d) Where an enclosed poop or forecastle is of standard height with greater sheer than that of the freeboard
deck, or is greater than standard
height, an addition to the sheer of the
freeboard deck may be made using the
following formula:
S=vL′/3L
Where
s=sheer credit, to be deducted from the deficiency or added to the excess of sheer.
v=difference between actual and standard
height of superstructure at the end ordinate.
L′=mean enclosed length of poop or forecastle up to a maximum length of 0.5 L.

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Coast Guard, Dept. of Homeland Security
The superstructure deck must not be
less than standard height above this
curve at any point. This curve must be
used in determining the sheer profile
for forward and after halves of the vessel.
(e) The maximum decreased for excess sheer must be no more than 11⁄2
inches per 100 feet of length.
(f) Where the deck of an enclosed superstructure has at least the same
sheer as the exposed freeboard deck,
the sheer of the enclosed portion of the
freeboard deck cannot be taken into
account.

(2) For vessels having a length greater than 550 feet,
(341.6—0.227 L) inches—actual bow height

(b) Where the bow height is obtained
by sheer, the sheer must extend for at
least 15 percent of the length of the
vessel measured from the forward perpendicular.
(c) Where the bow height is obtained
by a superstructure, the superstructure
must be enclosed and extend from the
stem to a point at least 0.06 L abaft the
forward perpendicular.
(d) Vessels which, to suit exceptional
operational requirements, cannot meet
the requirements of paragraph (c) of
this section may be given special consideration by the Commandant.
(e) The bow height is defined as the
vertical distance at the forward perpendicular between the waterline corresponding to the assigned summer
freeboard at the designed trim and the
top of the exposed deck at side.

§ 45.67 Sheer measurement.
(a) The sheer is measured from the
freeboard deck at side to a line of reference drawn parallel to the keel
through the sheer line at amidships;
(b) In ships designed with a rake of
keel or designed to trim by the stern,
the sheer must be measured in reference to a line drawn through the
sheer line at amidships parallel to the
design load waterline.
(c) In flush deck ships and in ships
with detached superstructures, the
sheer must be measured at the
freeboard deck.
(d) In ships with a step or break in
the topsides, the sheer must be measured from the equivalent depth amidships.
(e) In vessels with a superstructure of
standard height that extends over the
whole length of the freeboard deck, the
sheer must be measured on the superstructure deck. Where the height of superstructure exceeds the standard, the
least difference (Z) between the actual
and standard heights must be added to
each end ordinate. Similarly, the intermediate ordinates at distance of 1⁄6 L
and 1⁄3 L from each perpendicular must
be increased by 0.444 Z and 0.111 Z respectively.

WReier-Aviles on DSKGBLS3C1PROD with CFR

§ 45.77

§ 45.71 Midsummer freeboard.
The minimum midsummer freeboard
(fms) in inches is obtained by the formula:
fms=f(s)¥0.3Ts
where:
f(s)=summer freeboard in inches
Ts=distance in feet between top of keel and
the summer load line.

§ 45.73 Winter freeboard.
The minimum winter freeboard (fw)
in inches is obtained by the formula:
fw=f(s)+T s (200)/L
where:
L=length L in feet but not less than 400 feet.

§ 45.75 Intermediate freeboard.
The
minimum
intermediate
freeboard (fI) in inches is obtained by
the formula:

§ 45.69 Correction for bow height.
(a) The minimum summer freeboard
of all manned vessels must be increased
by the same amount in inches as any
deficiency which may be shown by the
following formulas:
(1) For vessels having a length of not
less than 79 feet and not greater than
550 feet,

fI=f(s)+T s(100)/L
where:
L=length L in feet but not less than 400 feet.

§ 45.77 Salt water freeboard.
(a) The salt water addition in inches
to freeboard applicable to each fresh
water mark is obtained by the formula:
Addition=D/41T

0.593 L (1.0–L/1640) inches—actual bow height

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§ 45.101

46 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)

where:
D=displacement in fresh water, in tons of
2,240 pounds, at the summer load waterline.
T=tons per inch immersion, of 2,240 pounds,
in fresh water at the summer load waterline.

§ 45.109 Strength of superstructures
and deckhouses.
Each superstructure or deckhouse
used for accommodations of the crew
must be approved by the Commandant
or the approved assigning authority
with regard to general strength and
weathertightness. The Commandant
may use the requirements of the assigning authority as a guide.

(b) When the displacement at the
summer load waterline cannot be certified, the addition in inches to the
minimum freeboard in fresh water may
be obtained by multiplying 0.25 by the
summer draught in feet measured from
the top of the keel to the center of the
load line diamond.

§ 45.111 Strength of bulkheads at ends
of superstructures.
Bulkheads at ends of enclosed superstructures
must
have
sufficient
strength to withstand impact of boarding seas.

Subpart D—Conditions of
Assignment

§ 45.113 Access openings in bulkheads
at ends of enclosed superstructures.
(a) Access openings in bulkheads at
ends of enclosed superstructures must
have doors of steel or material as
strong as steel that are permanently
attached to the bulkhead and framed,
stiffened, and fitted so that the bulkhead and door are as strong as the
bulkhead and weather tight when
closed.
(b) The means for securing the doors
weathertight must be permanently attached to the doors or bulkheads and
arranged so that the doors can be secured weathertight from both sides of
the bulkhead.
(c) Access openings in bulkheads at
ends of enclosed superstructures must
have sills that are at least 12 inches
above the deck.

§ 45.101 Purpose.
This subpart prescribes conditions
that a vessel must meet to be eligible
for assignment of a loadline under this
part.
§ 45.103 Structural stress and stability.
(a) The nature and stowage of the
cargo, ballast, and other variable
weights must be such as to make the
vessel stable and avoid unacceptable
structural stress.
(b) The vessel must meet all applicable stability and subdivision requirements of this chapter.

WReier-Aviles on DSKGBLS3C1PROD with CFR

§ 45.105 Information supplied to the
master.
Unless otherwise authorized by the
Commandant, the vessel must have onboard, in a form approved by the Commandant, sufficient information.
(a) To enable the master to load and
ballast the vessel in a manner that
avoids unacceptable stresses in the vessel’s structure; and
(b) To guide the master as to the stability of the ship under varying conditions of service.

§ 45.115 Bulwarks and guardrails.
(a) The exposed parts of freeboard
and superstructures decks and deckhouses on the freeboard deck must
have guardrails or bulwarks that are at
least 36 inches high above the deck.
(b) Guardrails must have at least
three courses with no more than a 9inch opening below the lowest course
and no more than 15 inches between
other courses. If the sheer strake projection is at least 8 inches above the
deck, a guardrail may have two courses
with no more than 15 inches between
courses.
(c) In way of trunks at least half the
protection required by paragraph (a) of
this section must be in the form of
open rails.

§ 45.107 Strength of hull.
The general structural strength of
the hull must be sufficient for the
draught corresponding to the freeboard
assigned and must be approved by the
Commandant. Ships built and maintained in conformity with the requirements of a classification society may
be recognized by the Commandant as
possessing adequate strength.

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Coast Guard, Dept. of Homeland Security
§ 45.117

TABLE 5

Freeing port area: General.

Freeing port area: Sheer correction.

(a) Where bulwarks on the weather
portins of freeboard or superstructure
decks form wells, the bulwarks must
have the area prescribed in this section
and §§ 45.119 and 45.121 for rapidly freeing and draining the decks of water.
(b) Except as required in §§ 45.119 and
45.121 the minimum freeing port area in
square feet on each side of the ship for
each well on the freeboard deck and on
the raised quarterdeck must be at least
as great as A in the following formulas:
(1) Where the length of bulwark (l) in
the well is 66 feet or less, A=7.6+0.115 (l)
(2) Where (l) exceeds 66 feet, A=0.23 (l)
but (l) need in no case be taken as
greater than 0.7L.
(c) In ships having erections on deck
that are open at either or both ends,
provision for freeing the space within
such erections must be approved by the
Commandant or the assigning authority.
(d) The lower edges of the freeing
ports must be as near the deck as practicable. Two-thirds of the freeing port
area required must be provided in the
half of the well nearest the lowest
point of the sheer curve.
(e) All freeing port openings in the
bulwarks must be protected by rails or
bars spaced approximately 9 inches. If
shutters are fitted to freeing ports,
ample clearance must be provided to
prevent jamming. Hinges must have
pins or bearings of noncorrodible material. If shutters are fitted with securing
appliances, these appliances must be of
approved construction.
(f) The minimum freeing port area
for each well on superstructure decks
must be one-half of the area required
by paragraph (b) of this section.

Ratio of sums of actual sheer ord./std. sheer
ord. Greater than:
1.0 ........................................................................
1.0 ........................................................................
0.9 ........................................................................
0.8 ........................................................................
0.7 ........................................................................
0.6 ........................................................................
0.5 ........................................................................
0.4 ........................................................................
0.3 ........................................................................
0.2 ........................................................................
0.1 ........................................................................
No sheer ..............................................................

Breadth of hatchway or trunk in relation to the
breadth of ship

40 percent or less ..................................................
75 percent or more ................................................

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Area of
freeing
ports in
relation to
the total
area of
the bulwarks
(percent)
20
10

§ 45.123 Freeing port area: Changes for
bulwark height.
(a) For the purposes of freeing port
area only, bulwark height is considered
standard at 24 in for ships 240 ft in
length and less; and 48 in for ships 480
ft in length or greater. The standard
bulwark height for ships of intermediate length is obtained by direct
interpolation.
(b) If the bulwark is more than standard height, the area required by § 45.117
must be increased by 0.04 square feet
per foot (ft2/ft) of length of well for
each foot difference in height.
(c) For ships greater than 480 ft in
length that have an average bulwark
height less than 3 ft, the area required
by § 45.117 may be decreased by 0.04 ft2/

83

11:32 Dec 02, 2009

1.0
1.00
1.05
1.10
1.15
1.20
1.25
1.30
1.35
1.40
1.45
1.50

The area of freeing ports at intermediate breadths must be obtained by
linear interpolation.

The freeing port area required by
§ 45.117(b) must be multiplied by the
factor in the following table 5 if the
sheer differs from the standard sheer
defined in § 45.63. Table 4.

VerDate Nov<24>2008

Multiplier
for area required by
§ 45.117(b)

§ 45.121 Freeing port area: Changes for
trunks and side coamings.
If a vessel has a trunk and does not
meet the requirements of § 45.61 or has
continuous or substantially continuous
hatchway side coamings between detached superstructures, the minimum
area of the freeing port openings must
be obtained from the following table:

§ 45.119 Freeing port area: Changes
from standard sheer.

WReier-Aviles on DSKGBLS3C1PROD with CFR

§ 45.123

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§ 45.125

46 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)

ft of length for each foot difference in
height.
§ 45.125

ventilator coaming that is more than
36 in. high must be specially supported.
(d) Except as provided in paragraph
(e) of this section ventilator openings
must have weathertight closing appliances that are permanently attached
or, where approved by the Commandant or the assigning authority
conveniently stowed near the ventilators to which they are to be fitted.
(e) Ventilators in position 1, the
coamings of which extend to more than
12.5 ft above the deck, and in position
2, the coamings of which extend to
more than 6 ft above the deck, need not
have closing appliances unless specifically required by the Commandant.

Crew passageways.

The vessel must have means for protection of the crew from boarding seas
such as life lines, gangways, and
underdeck passages to facilitate passing between their quarters and machinery spaces and other spaces essential to
the operation of the ship.
§ 45.127 Position of structures, openings, and fittings.
For the purposes of this part—
(a) Position 1 means in an exposed position on—
(1) The freeboard deck or a raised
quarter deck;
(2) A superstructure deck or a trunk
deck and forward of a point 1⁄4 L from
the forward perpendicular; or
(3) A trunk deck whose height is less
than Hs.
(b) Position 2 means—
(1) On a superstructure deck aft of a
point 1⁄4 L abaft the forward perpendicular; or
(2) On a superstructure and trunk
combination, that is Hs or more n
height, aft or a point 1⁄4 L abaft the forward perpendicular.
§ 45.129

§ 45.133

Hull fittings: General.

Hull fittings must be securely
mounted in the hull so as to avoid increases in hull stresses and must be
protected from local damage caused by
movement of equipment or cargo.

WReier-Aviles on DSKGBLS3C1PROD with CFR

§ 45.131

Air pipes.

(a) Where an air pipe to any tank extends above the freeboard or superstructure deck—
(1) The exposed part of the air pipe
must be made of steel and of sufficient
thickness to avoid breaking from impact of boarding seas.
(2) The air pipe must have a permanently attached means of closing its
opening; and
(3) The height from the deck to any
point where water may obtain access
below deck must be at least 30 in above
the freeboard deck, 24 in above raised
quarter decks, and 12 in above other superstructure decks.
(b) If the height required in paragraph (a) of this section interferes with
working the ship, the Commandant
may approve a lower height after considering the closing arrangements.

Ventilators.
§ 45.135 Hull openings at or below
freeboard deck.

(a) Ventilators passing through superstructures other than enclosed superstructures must have coamings of
steel or equivalent material at the
freeboard deck.
(b) Ventilators in position 1 must
have coamings at least 30 in. above the
deck and ventilators in position 2 must
have coamings at least 24 in. above the
deck. The Commandant or the assigning authority may also require
coamings in other exposed positions.
(c) Ventilators in position 1 or 2 to
spaces below freeboard decks or decks
of enclosed superstructures or trunks
must have coamings of steel permanently connected to the deck and any

Closures for hull openings at or below
the freeboard deck must be as strong as
the structure to which they are attached and must be watertight.
§ 45.137

Cargo ports.

(a) Unless otherwise authorized by
the Commandant, the lower edge of
any opening for cargo, personnel, machinery access, or similar opening in
the side of a ship must be above a line
that is drawn parallel to the freeboard
deck at side and has as its lowest point
the upper edge of the uppermost
loadline.

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Coast Guard, Dept. of Homeland Security

stress in the structure calculated with
the following assumed loads:
(1) For ships 350 ft or more in length,
at least 250 lb/ft2 in position 1 and 200
lb/ft2 in position 2.
(2) For ships less than 350 ft in
length, at least AL in the following formula:
(i) Position 1:

(b) The number of cargo ports in the
sides of a ship must be—
(1) No more than the minimum necessary for working the ship; and
(2) Approved by the Commandant.
§ 45.139 Side scuttles.
(a) The sill of each side scuttle must
be above a line that is drawn parallel
to the freeboard deck at side having its
lowest point 2.5 percent of the breadth
or 20 in above the summer load waterline, whichever is higher.
(b) Except as provided for in paragraph (c) of this section, each side scuttle to a space below the freeboard deck,
or to a space within an enclosed superstructure, must have a hinged inside
deadlight which is designed so that it
can be secured watertight over the side
scuttle.
(c) A side scuttle of a superstructure
end bulkhead door, companionway
door, or deckhouse door may have a
portable inside deadlight which is designed so that it can be:
(1) Secured watertight over the side
scuttle; and
(2) Stowed inside the superstructure,
companionway, or deckhouse when not
in use, in a readily accessible location
on or adjacent to the door.

AL=200+C
where C=50(L¥79)/271

(ii) Position 2:
Al=150+C
(c) Hatchway covers must be so designed as to limit the deflection to not
more than 0.0028 times the span under
the loads described in paragraph (b) of
this section and the thickness of mild
steel plating forming the tops of covers
must be at least 1 percent of the spacing of stiffeners or 0.24 in, whichever is
greater.
§ 45.147

Hatchway coamings.

(a) Except where the Commandant
determines that the safety of the vessel
will not be impaired in any sea condition, each hatchway must have a coaming that is at least—
(1) 18 inches in position 1; and
(2) 12 inches in position 2.
(b) Each hatchway coaming required
by this section must be made of steel
or equivalent material.
(c) The height of these coamings may
be reduced or omitted if the Commandant is satisfied that safety of the
ship is not thereby impaired in any sea
conditions.

[CGD 73–49R, 38 FR 12290, May 10, 1973, as
amended by CCGD 80–116, 46 FR 56788, Nov.
19, 1981]

§ 45.141 Manholes and flush scuttles.
Manholes and flush scuttles in position 1 or 2 or within any superstructure
other than an enclosed superstructure
must have permanently attached covers, unless the cover is secured by
closely spaced bolts around its entire
perimeter.

§ 45.149

Machinery space openings.

(a) Machinery space openings in position 1 or 2 must be framed and enclosed
by steel casings, and where the casings
are not protected by other structures
that meet the requirements of § 45.109,
their strength must be approved by the
Commandant or the assigning authority.
(b) Access openings in casings required by paragraph (a) of this section
must have doors complying with the
requirements of § 45.113. Other openings
in such casings shall be fitted with
equivalent covers, permanently attached.

§ 45.143 Hull openings above freeboard
deck.
Closures for openings above the
freeboard deck must be as strong as the
structure to which they are attached
and must be weathertight.

WReier-Aviles on DSKGBLS3C1PROD with CFR

§ 45.149

§ 45.145 Hatchway covers.
(a) Hatchways in position 1 and 2
must have weathertight hatch covers
with gaskets and clamping devices.
(b) The maximum ultimate strength
of the hatchway cover material must
be at least 4.25 times the maximum

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§ 45.151

46 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
(b) The means for operating a valve
described by paragraph (a)(1) of this
section must be readily accessible and
have indicators that show when the
valve is not closed.
(c) If the pipe discharges from a space
that is not manned or does not have
continuous bilge water monitoring, a
valve described in paragraph (a)(1) of
this section must be operable above the
freeboard deck.
(d) Each pipe that discharges from a
space within an enclosed superstructure or deckhouse may have at
least one accessible automatic nonreturn valve if the space is regularly
visited by the crew.
(e) Through-hull piping systems in
machinery spaces may have valves
with positive means for closing at the
shell if the controls are readily accessible and have indicators showing when
the valves are not closed (nonreturn
valves are not required).

(c) Except as provided in paragraph
(d) of this section, coamings of any funnel or machinery space ventilator that
must be kept open for the essential operations of the ship must—
(1) In position 1, extend at least 12.5
ft above the deck; and
(2) In position 2, extend at least 6 ft
above the deck.
(d) The Commandant may approve a
lesser height for protected coamings.
(e) Coamings of any fiddley or skylight over a machinery space opening
in the freeboard or superstructure deck
or the top of a deckhouse on the
freeboard deck, must have covers of
steel permanently attached and capable of being secured weathertight.
§ 45.151 Other openings.
Each opening other than hatchways,
machinery space openings, manholes,
or flush scuttles—
(a) In freeboard decks, must be protected by an enclosed superstructure or
by a deckhouse or companionway that
is
equal
in
strength
and
weathertightness to an enclosed superstructure; or
(b) In exposed superstructure decks
or in the top of a deckhouse on
freeboard decks that gives access to a
space below the freeboard deck or a
space within an enclosed superstructure, must be protected by a deckhouse or companionway.

§ 45.157 Scuppers and gravity drains.
Scuppers and gravity deck drains
from spaces above the freeboard deck
that penetrate the shell below a line 24″
or .05B above the summer loadline,
whichever is greater, must have an
automatic nonreturn valve. This valve
may be omitted if the piping is of
thickness not less than extra heavy
pipe.
§ 45.159 Special conditions of assignment for type A vessels.
The lower freeboards allowed for type
A vessels allow water on deck for
greater percentages of time. Therefore
the following additional requirements
must be met to qualify for type A
freeboards:
(a) Machinery casings must be protected by an enclosed superstructure or
deckhouse unless intact bulkheads are
used on all sides on the freeboard deck.
(b) Exposed machinery casings may
be fitted with weathertight doors providing they lead to a space or passageway as strong as an enclosed superstructure from which a second interior
weathertight door is provided for access to the engine room.
(c) Hatchways on the exposed
freeboard or forecastle decks must be
provided with watertight covers of
steel.

WReier-Aviles on DSKGBLS3C1PROD with CFR

§ 45.153 Through-hull piping: General.
(a) All through-hull pipes required by
this subpart must be made of steel or
material equivalent to the hull in
strength and fatigue resistance.
(b) All valves used as shell fittings
and all shell fittings on which such
valves are mounted must be made of
steel, or bronze or other ductile material approved by the Commandant.
§ 45.155 Inlets and discharge piping:
Valves.
(a) Except as provided in paragraphs
(d) and (e) of this section each pipe
that discharges overboard through the
hull of the ship must have—
(1) An automatic nonreturn valve
with a positive means for closing; or
(2) Two automatic nonreturn valves
with the inboard valve accessible for
examination in service.

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Coast Guard, Dept. of Homeland Security
(d) Unless a separate fore and aft access is provided below the freeboard
deck, a permanent fore and aft gangway must be fitted at the superstructure deck level between poop and
all other deckhouses used in the essential operation of the vessel.
(e) Type ‘‘A’’ vessels must be fitted
with open rails for at least half the
length of the exposed parts of the
weather deck. Where superstructures
are connected by trunks, open rails
must be fitted for the whole length of
the exposed parts of the freeboard
deck.

§ 45.171

Purpose.

(a) This subpart establishes a special
load line regime under which certain
unmanned,
river-service,
dry-cargo
barges may be exempted from the normal Great Lakes load line requirements while operating on certain Lake
Michigan routes. Depending upon the
route, the barge may only need a limited service domestic voyage load line,
or may be conditionally exempted from
load line assignment.
(b) Except as provided in this subpart, barges operating on Lake Michigan must have either an international
load line assignment issued in accordance with the International Convention on Load Lines, 1966, as amended,
or a Great Lakes load line assignment
issued in accordance with the requirements of this part.
(c) The requirements of this subpart
are summarized in Table 45.171:

Subpart E—Unmanned River
Barges on Lake Michigan Routes
SOURCE: USCG–1998–4623, 67 FR 19690, Apr.
23, 2002, unless otherwise noted.

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§ 45.171

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§ 45.173

(b) Barges that have been designed
and built to at least the minimum
scantlings of the American Bureau of
Shipping River Rules which were in effect at the time of construction;

Eligible barges.

Only barges meeting the following requirements are eligible for the special
load line regime under this subpart:
(a) Unmanned, river service, drycargo barges;

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ER23AP02.007

WReier-Aviles on DSKGBLS3C1PROD with CFR

§ 45.173

46 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)

Coast Guard, Dept. of Homeland Security
(c) Barges with a length-to-depth
ratio less than 22; and
(d) Barges on the Milwaukee route
must not be more than 10 years old.
§ 45.175

(b) The registration must include the
following information:
(1) Barge name and official number
(or other identification number);
(2) Owner and operator (points-ofcontact, company addresses and telephone numbers);
(3) Service route (Milwaukee and/or
Burns Harbor);
(4) Design type (covered/uncovered
hopper, deck, etc.);
(5) External dimensions;
(6) Types of cargo; and
(7) Place built and original delivery
date.
(c) The registration must include a
statement certifying that:
(1) The barge has been designed and
built to at least the minimum
scantlings of the ABS River Rules
which were in effect at the time of construction; and
(2) The owner or operator agrees to
maintain the barge in serviceable condition and comply with the applicable
provisions of 46 CFR part 45, subpart E.
(d) Expiration. Registration is valid
only until the earliest of the following
events:
(1) The tenth anniversary of the delivery date (for barges on the Milwaukee route),
(2) The barge no longer is fit for this
service (due to damage), or
(3) The barge changes ownership or
operators (registration is not transferable to new owners or operators; the
barge must be re-registered if it is to
continue in Lake Michigan service).
(e) Notification. The owner or operator of an exempted barge must notify
the OCMI of the transfer of ownership
or change of operator, withdrawal from
Lake Michigan service (due to damage,
age, or other circumstances), or other
disposition of the barge.

Applicable routes.

This subpart applies to the following
routes on Lake Michigan, between Chicago (Calumet Harbor), IL, and—
(a) Milwaukee, WI (the ‘‘Milwaukee
route’’);
(b) Burns Harbor, IN (the ‘‘Burns
Harbor route’’);
(c) St. Joseph, MI (the ‘‘St. Joseph
route’’); and
(d) Muskegon, MI (the ‘‘Muskegon
route’’).
§ 45.177

Freeboard requirements.

(a) All barges must have a minimum
freeboard of 24 inches (610 mm).
(b) Additionally, open hopper barges
must have a combined freeboard plus
cargo box coaming height of at least 54
inches (1,372 mm).
§ 45.179

Cargo limitations.

(a) Only dry cargoes may be carried.
Liquid cargoes, even in drums or tank
containers, may not be carried.
(b) Hazardous materials, as defined in
part 148 of this chapter and 49 CFR
chapter 1, subchapter C, may not be
carried.
§ 45.181 Load line exemption requirements for the Burns Harbor and
Milwaukee routes.

WReier-Aviles on DSKGBLS3C1PROD with CFR

§ 45.183

Barges operating on the Burns Harbor and Milwaukee routes may be conditionally exempted from load line assignment provided that the following
requirements are met:
(a) Registration. Before the barge’s
first voyage onto Lake Michigan, the
owner or operator must register the
barge (in writing) with the Officer in
Charge, Marine Inspection (OCMI), U.S.
Coast Guard Sector Office, 215 W. 83rd
St—Suite D, Burr Ridge, IL, 60521. The
registration may be faxed to the OCMI
in advance (at (630) 986–2120), with the
original following by mail. The registration may be in any form, but must
be signed by the owner or operator. No
load line exemption certificate will be
returned. However, the registration
will be kept on file.

[USCG–1998–4623, 67 FR 19690, Apr. 23, 2002, as
amended by USCG–2006–25556, 72 FR 36330,
July 2, 2007]

§ 45.183 Load line requirements for the
St. Joseph and Muskegon routes.
(a) Load line certificate. (1) The load
line issued under this subpart must be
a limited-service, domestic-voyage load
line.
(2) Except as provided under paragraph (b)(2)(vi) of this section, the term
of the certificate is five years.

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§ 45.185

46 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)
(b) The weather limits (ice conditions, wave height, and sustained
winds) for the Milwaukee, St. Joseph,
and Muskegon routes are specified in
§ 45.171, table 45.171.
(c) If weather conditions are expected
to exceed these limits at any time during the voyage, the tow must not leave
harbor or, if already underway, must
proceed to the nearest appropriate harbor of safe refuge.

(3) The load line certificate is valid
for the St. Joseph and Muskegon
routes, and intermediate ports. However, operators must comply with the
route-specific requirements on the certificate.
(4) The freeboard assignment, operational limitations, and towboat requirements of this subpart must appear
on the certificate.
(b) Conditions of assignment. (1) An
initial load line survey under § 42.09–25
of this chapter and subsequent annual
surveys under § 42.09–40 of this chapter
are required.
(2) At the request of the barge owner,
the initial load line survey may be conducted with the barge afloat if the following conditions are met:
(i) The barge is less than 10 years old;
(ii) The draft during the survey does
not exceed 15 inches (380 millimeters);
(iii) The barge is empty and thoroughly cleaned of all debris, excessive
rust, scale, mud, and water. All internal structure must be accessible for inspection;
(iv) Gaugings are taken to the extent
necessary to verify that the scantlings
are in accordance with approved drawings;
(v) The hull plating (bottom and
sides) and stiffeners below the light waterline are closely examined internally. If the surveyor determines that
sufficient cause exists, the surveyor
may require that the barge be
drydocked or hauled out and further
external examination conducted; and
(vi) The initial load line certificate is
to be issued for a term of 5 years or
until the barge reaches 10 years of age,
whichever occurs first. Once this certificate expires, the barge must be
drydocked or hauled out and be fully
examined internally and externally.

§ 45.191

§ 45.185 Tow limitations.
(a) Barges must not be manned.
(b) No more than three barges per
tow on the Milwaukee, St. Joseph, and
Muskegon routes.
(c) Barges must not be more than 5
nautical miles from shore.
WReier-Aviles on DSKGBLS3C1PROD with CFR

Pre-departure requirements.

Before beginning each voyage, the
towing vessel master must conduct the
following:
(a) Weather forecast. Determine the
marine weather forecast along the
planned route, and contact the dock
operator at the destination port to get
an update on local weather conditions.
(b) Inspection. Inspect each barge of
the tow to ensure that they meet the
following requirements:
(1) A valid load line certificate, if required, is on board;
(2) The barge is not loaded deeper
than permitted;
(3) The deck and side shell plating
are free of visible holes, fractures, or
serious indentations, as well as damage
that would be considered in excess of
normal wear;
(4) The cargo box side and end
coamings are watertight;
(5) All manholes are covered and secured watertight;
(6) All voids are free of excess water;
and
(7) Precautions have been taken to
prevent shifting of cargo.
(c) Verifications. On voyages north of
St. Joseph, the towing vessel master
must contact a mooring/docking facility in St. Joseph, Holland, Grand
Haven, and Muskegon to verify that
sufficient space is available to accommodate the tow. The tow cannot venture onto Lake Michigan without confirmed space available.
(d) Log entries. Before getting underway, the towing vessel master must
note in the logbook that the pre-departure barge inspections, verification of
mooring/docking space availability,
and weather forecast checks were performed, and record the freeboards of
each barge.

§ 45.187 Weather limitations.
(a) Tows on the Burns Harbor route
must operate during fair weather conditions only.

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Coast Guard, Dept. of Homeland Security
§ 45.193

APPENDIX A TO PART 45—LOAD LINE
CERTIFICATE FORM

Towboat power requirements.

The towing vessel must meet the following requirements:
(a) General. The towing vessel must
have adequate horsepower to handle
the tow, but not less than the amount
specified for the routes below.
(b) Milwaukee and St. Joseph routes: a
minimum of 1,000 HP.
(c) Muskegon route: a minimum of
1,500 HP.

GREAT LAKES LOAD LINE CERTIFICATE

No. lll
Issued under the authority of the Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard, United States of
America, under the provisions of the Act of
August 27, 1935, as amended to establish load
lines on the Great Lakes of North America
and the Load Line regulations in force on
llllllllllllll,
19ll,
By
llllllllllll, duly authorized by
the Commandant to issue said load line certificate.

§ 45.195 Additional equipment requirements for the Muskegon route.

Ship lllllllllllllllllllll
Certificate No.
lllllllllllllll
Official No
lllllllllllllllll
Length (LBP) llllllllllllllll
Gross tonnage llllllllllllllll
Port of registry lllllllllllllll

Towboats on the Muskegon route
must meet these additional equipment
requirements:
(a) Communication equipment. Two
independent voice communication systems in operable condition, such as
Very High Frequency (VHF) radio, radiotelephone, or cellular phone. At
least two persons aboard the vessel
must be capable of using the communication systems.
(b) Cutting gear. Equipment that can
quickly cut the towline at the towing
vessel. The cutting gear must be in operable condition and appropriate for
the type of towline being used, such as
wire, polypropylene, or nylon. At least
two persons aboard the vessel must be
capable of using the cutting gear.

Type of Ship:
TYPE ‘‘A’’
TYPE ‘‘B’’
TYPE ‘‘B’’ with increased freeboard
FREEBOARD FROM DECK LINE
Midsummer ..............................................................
Summer ...................................................................
Intermediate .............................................................
Winter .......................................................................

Increase for salt water for all freeboards
ll inches.
The upper edge of the deck line from which
these freeboards are measured is ll inches
above or below the top of the llll deck at
side.
This is to certify that this ship has been
surveyed and the freeboards and load lines
shown above have been found to be correctly
marked upon the vessel in manner and location as provided by the load line regulations
of the Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard, applicable to the Great Lakes.
This certificate 1 remains in force until
lllllll. Issued at lllll on the
lllllll day of lllllllll, 19ll.
(Here follows the signature, seal, if any, and
the name of the authority issuing the certificate.)
NOTES

(1) In accordance with the Great Lakes
Load Line Regulations the diamond and
1 Upon the expiration of the certificate, renewal must be obtained as provided by the
Great Lakes Load Line Regulations and the
certificate so endorsed.

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above S
below S
below S

Towing vessels on the Muskegon
route must have aboard an operational
plan that is available for ready reference by the master. The plan must
include the following:
(a) The cargo limitations, the general
operational requirements, and the special operational requirements of this
subpart.
(b) A list of mooring and docking facilities (with phone numbers) in St. Joseph, Holland, Grand Haven, and Muskegon, that can accommodate the tow.
(c) A list of towing firms (with phone
numbers) that have the capability to
render assistance to the tow, if required.
(d) Guidelines for possible emergency
situations, such as barge handling
under adverse weather conditions, and
other emergency procedures.

VerDate Nov<24>2008

MS
S
I
W

LOAD LINE

..................................................................................
Upper edge of line through center of diamond

§ 45.197 Operational
plan
requirements for the Muskegon route.

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Pt. 46

46 CFR Ch. I (10–1–09 Edition)

lines must be permanently marked. The
‘‘MS’’ loadline shall be assigned only to
those particular vessels that qualify under
the regulations.
(2) The ‘‘SW’’ marks need only be assigned
to Great Lakes vessels loading in salt water
of the St. Lawrence River west of a straight
line from Cap de Rosiers to West Point Anticosti Island, and west of a line along longitude 63 degrees west from Anticosti Island
to the north shore of the St. Lawrence River.
In such cases these limits shall be indicated
on the certificate.
(3) The load line assignment given by this
certificate necessarily assumes that the nature and stowage of cargo, ballast, etc., are
such as to secure sufficient stability for the
vessel. Accordingly, it is the owner’s responsibility to furnish the Master of the vessel
with stability information and instructions
when this is necessary to maintenance of
sufficient stability.
(On the reverse side of the load line certificate, or on a separate sheet, attached and
forming part of the certificate, provision is
to be made for annual inspection and renewal endorsements.)

46.10–55 Logbook entries.
46.10–60 Control.
46.10–65 Construction.
46.10–70 Plans and inspections of new and
converted vessels.

Subpart 46.15—Subdivision Load Lines for
Passenger Vessels Engaged in Foreign,
Coastwise, and Great Lakes Voyages
46.15–1 Procedure for determination of subdivision load line.
46.15–5 Engineering requirements.
46.15–10 Subdivision load lines.
AUTHORITY: 46 U.S.C. 3306; 46 U.S.C. 5101–
5116; E.O. 12234, 3 CFR, 1980 Comp., p. 277; Department of Homeland Security Delegation
No. 0170.1.
SOURCE: CGFR 65–50, 30 FR 16769, Dec. 30,
1965, unless otherwise noted.

Subpart 46.01—Purpose
§ 46.01–1 Purpose.
(a) The purpose of the regulations in
this part is to set forth uniform minimum requirements applicable to passenger vessels required to have subdivision load lines. These requirements
deal with the following:
(1) Load line requirements applicable
before a passenger vessel will be
marked with and certificated as to subdivision load lines.
(2) Assigning, marking, and recording
of subdivision load lines.
(3) Administration of subdivision
load lines.
(4) Application of requirements to
passenger vessels.

PART 46—SUBDIVISION LOAD LINES
FOR PASSENGER VESSELS
Subpart 46.01—Purpose
Sec.
46.01–1 Purpose.
46.01–15 Application of regulations.
46.01–20 Penalties for violations.

Subpart 46.05—Definitions Used in This Part
46.05–1 Passenger vessel.
46.05–10 Foreign voyage.
46.05–15 Coastwise voyages.
46.05–20 Great Lakes voyage.
46.05–25 New passenger vessel.
46.05–30 Existing passenger vessel.

§ 46.01–15 Application of regulations.
(a) The regulations in this part establish subdivision load lines required on
passenger vessels engaged in foreign
voyages, as well as on passenger vessels
of 150 gross tons or over engaged in
coastwise or Great Lakes voyages.
(b) When engaged in voyages subject
to this part, no passenger vessel required to be marked with subdivision
load lines shall depart from or arrive at
any port or place under the jurisdiction
of the United States, nor shall such
United States vessel operate on the
high seas nor the Great Lakes, unless
such vessel has been marked with subdivision load lines in accordance with
the regulations in this part, has on
board a valid certificate certifying to

WReier-Aviles on DSKGBLS3C1PROD with CFR

Subpart 46.10—Administration
46.10–1 Relaxation from regulations.
46.10–5 Load line requirements for subdivision.
46.10–10 Marks to indicate subdivision load
lines.
46.10–15 Survey for the establishment and
renewal of subdivision load line marks.
46.10–20 Application for the assignment and
renewal of subdivision load lines.
46.10–25 Equivalents.
46.10–30 Subdivision load line certificates.
46.10–35 Validity of subdivision load line
certificates.
46.10–40 Nonsubmergence subdivision load
line (Great Lakes).
46.10–45 Nonsubmergence subdivision load
lines in salt water.
46.10–50 Drills and inspections.

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