NHBS Publicationss

Attachment 5 -- NHBS Publications 0920-0770
Project Areas
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Abdul-Quader AS, Heckathorn DD, McKnight C, Bramson H, Nemeth C, Sabin K, Gallagher K, Des Jarlais
DC. Effectiveness of respondent-driven sampling for recruiting drug users in New York City: findings from
a pilot study. Journal of Urban Health. 2006; 83(3): 459-476.
Algarin AB, Ibañez GE, Forrest DW, Faraldo M, Spencer EC, Maddox L. Examining the Psychometrics of
the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Measure for Community HIV-Related Stigma. AIDS Behav. 2021.
Epub.
Al‐Tayyib A, Koester S, Langegger S, Raville L. Heroin and methamphetamine injection: an emerging drug
use pattern. Substance Use & Misuse. 2017; 52(8): 1051-1058.
Al-Tayyib A, Thrun M, Haukoos J, Walls NE. Knowledge of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV
prevention among men who have sex with men in Denver, Colorado. AIDS and Behavior. 2014; 18(S3):
340-347.
Al-Tayyib AA, Koester S, Riggs P. Prescription opioids prior to injection drug use: Comparisons and public
health implications. Addiction Behavior. 2017; 65: 224-228.
Al-Tayyib AA, Koester S. Injection drug users' experience with and attitudes toward methadone clinics in
Denver, CO. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 2011; 41(1): 30-36.
Al-Tayyib AA, Thiede H, Burt RD, Koester S. Unmet health care needs and Hepatitis C infection among
persons who inject drugs in Denver and Seattle, 2009. Prevention Science. 2015; 16(2): 330-340.
Arnold MP, Raymond HF, McFarland W. Socioeconomic position and HIV risk-relevant behavior among
lower-income heterosexuals in San Francisco. AIDS and Behavior. 2010; 15(2): 499-506.
Batchelder AW, Klevens M, Fitch C, McKetchnie SM, Meyer KH, O'Cleirigh C. Stigma, Discrimination, and
Substance Use among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Massachusetts. AIDS Care. 2020;32(3):370-378.
Beck DW, Lalota M, Metsch LR, Cardenas GA, Forrest DW, Lieb S, Liberti TM. HIV prevention and
transmission myths among heterosexually active adults in low-income areas of South Florida. AIDS and
Behavior. 2012; 16(3): 751-760.
Belanger G, McFarland W, Raymond HF, Custer B. If the permanent deferral were lifted would men who
have sex with men want to donate blood, and if so, who would be eligible? Transfusion. 2013; 53(11):
2729-2733.
Beletsky L, Heller D, Jenness SM, Neaigus A, Gelpi-Acosta C, Hagan H. Syringe access, syringe sharing,
and police encounters among people who inject drugs in New York City: A community-level perspective.
International Journal of Drug Policy. 2014; 25(1): 105-111.
Beltran S, Chen YH, Miller D, Ick T, Lin J, Packer T, McFarland W, Raymond HF. Will We Get to Zero HIV
Stigma in San Francisco? AIDS Behav. 2020;24(1):5-7.
Bernstein KT, Liu KL, Begier EM, Koblin B, Karpati A, Murrill C. Same-sex attraction disclosure to health
care providers among New York City men who have sex with men: Implications for HIV testing
approaches. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2008; 168(13): 1458-1464.
Berry M, Raymond HF, Kellogg T, McFarland W. The Internet, HIV serosorting and transmission risk
among men who have sex with men, San Francisco. AIDS. 2008; 22(6): 787-789.
Berry M, Raymond HF, McFarland W. Same race and older partner selection may explain higher HIV
prevalence among black men who have sex with men. AIDS. 2007; 21(17): 2349-2350.
Bohl DD, Katz KA, Bernstein K, Wong E, Raymond HF, Klausner JD, McFarland W. Prevalence and
correlates of herpes simplex virus type-2 infection among men who have sex with men, San Francisco,
2008. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2011; 38(7): 617-621.

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Bohl DD, Raymond HF, Arnold M, McFarland W. Concurrent sexual partnerships and racial disparities in
HIV infection among men who have sex with men. Sexually Transmitted Infectious. 2009; 85(5): 367369.
Briceño A, Morris MD, Evans J, Raymond HF, Page K. Characteristics and health service utilization in two
samples of young injection drug users recruited using direct and referral methods in San Francisco,
California. Journal of Alcoholism and Drug Dependence. 2013; 1(5): 126.
Broadhead RS. Notes on a cautionary (tall) tale about respondent-driven sampling: A critique of Scott's
ethnography. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2008; 19(3): 235-237.
Burt R, Glick SN. Racial disparities in HIV. Lancet. 2017; 4(7): 281-282.
Burt R, Tinsley J, Glick SN. A decline in HIV testing among persons who inject drugs in the Seattle area,
2004-2015. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. 2017; 75(S3): 346-351.
Burt RD, Hagan H, Sabin K, Thiede H. Evaluating respondent-driven sampling in a major metropolitan
area: Comparing injection drug users in the 2005 Seattle area National HIV Behavioral Surveillance
system survey with participants in the RAVEN and Kiwi studies. Annals of Epidemiology. 2010; 20(2):
159-167.
Burt RD, Oster AM, Golden MR, Thiede H. Comparing study populations of Men who have Sex with Men:
Evaluating consistency within repeat studies across studies in the Seattle area using different
recruitment methodologies. AIDS and Behavior. 2014; 18(S3): 370-381.
Burt RD, Thiede H, Hagan H. Serosorting for Hepatitis C status in the sharing of injection equipment
among Seattle area injection drug users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2009; 105(3): 215-220.
Burt RD, Thiede H. Assessing differences in groups randomized by recruitment chain in a respondentdriven sample of Seattle-area injection drug users. Annals of Epidemiology. 2014; 24(11): 861-867.
Burt RD, Thiede H. Evaluating consistency in repeat surveys of injection drug users recruited by
respondent-driven sampling in the Seattle area: Results from the NHBS-IDU1 and NHBS-IDU2 surveys.
Annals of Epidemiology. 2012; 22(5): 354-363.
Burt RD, Thiede H. Evidence for risk reduction among amphetamine-injecting Men who have Sex with
Men; Results from National HIV Behavioral Surveillance surveys in the Seattle Area 2008-2012. AIDS and
Behavior. 2014; 18(10): 1998-2008.
Burt RD, Thiede H. Reduction in needle sharing among Seattle-area injection drug users across 4 surveys,
1994-2013. American Journal of Public Health. 2016; 106(2): 301-307.
Burt RD, Thiede H. Variations in patterns of sexual risk behavior among Seattle-area MSM based on their
HIV status, the HIV status of their partner and partner type. AIDS and Behavior. 2012; 16(3): 599-607.
Carrillo SA, Rivera AV, Braunstein SL. Implementing Respondent-Driven Sampling to Recruit Women
Who Exchange Sex in New York City: Factors Associated with Recruitment and Lessons Learned. AIDS
Behav. 2020;24(2):580-591.
Chapin-Bardales J, Sanchez T, Paz-Bailey G, Hageman K, Spiller MW, Rolon-Colon Y, Miranda de-Leon S.
Factors associated with recent Human Immunodeficiency Virus testing among Men who have Sex with
Men in Puerto Rico, National Human Immunodeficiency Virus Behavioral Surveillance System, 2011.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2016; 43(6): 346-352.
Chen YH, Guigayoma J, McFarland W, Snowden JM, Raymond HF. Increases in Pre-exposure Prophylaxis
Use and Decreases in Condom Use: Behavioral Patterns Among HIV-Negative San Francisco Men Who
have Sex with Men, 2004-2017. AIDS Behav. 2019;23(7):1841-1845.
Chen YH, McFarland W, Raymond HF, Scott HM, Vittinghoff E, Porco TC. Distribution of Behavioral
Patterns Before Infection Among San Francisco Men Who Have Sex With Men Newly Infected With HIV
in 2014. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. 2017; 75(5): 528-534.
Chen YH, McFarland W, Raymond HF. Behavioral surveillance of heterosexual exchange-sex partnerships
in San Francisco: Context, predictors and implications. AIDS and Behavior. 2011; 15(1): 236-242.

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Chen YH, McFarland W, Raymond HF. Estimated number of people who inject drugs in San Francisco,
2005, 2009, and 2012. AIDS and Behavior. 2016; 20(12): 2914-2921.
Chen YH, McFarland W, Raymond HF. Risk behaviors for HIV in sexual partnerships of San Francisco
injection drug users. AIDS Care. 2014; 26(5): 554-558.
Chen YH, Raymond HF, McFarland W, Truong HM. HIV risk behaviors in heterosexual partnerships:
Female knowledge and male behavior. AIDS and Behavior. 2010; 14(1): 87-91.
Chen YH, Raymond HF. Associations between depressive syndromes and HIV risk behaviors among San
Francisco men who have sex with men. AIDS Care. 2017; 29(12): 1538-1542.
Chen YH, Snowden JM, McFarland W, Raymond HF. Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) use,
seroadaptation, and sexual behavior among Men who have Sex with Men, San Francisco, 2004-2014.
AIDS and Behavior. 2016; 20(12): 2791-2797.
Coffin PO, Jin H, Huriaux E, Mirzazadeh A, Raymond HF. Trends in use of health care and HIV prevention
services for persons who inject drugs in San Francisco: results from National HIV Behavioral Surveillance
2005-2012. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2015; 146: 45-51.
Colón-López V, Centeno-Alvarado N, Agudelo-Salas IY, Canario de la Torre MM, Miranda de León S,
Rolón-Colón Y, Rodríguez J, Pabón-Martínez M. Social Media and Mobile-App use for Sexual Encounters
among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Puerto Rico. P R Health Sci J. 2021;40(3):136-141.
Corcorran MA, Tsui JI, Scott JD, Dombrowski JC, Glick SN. Age and gender-specific hepatitis C continuum
of care and predictors of direct acting antiviral treatment among persons who inject drugs in Seattle,
Washington. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021; 220:108525.
Crosby R, Holtgrave DR, Stall R, Peterson JL, Shouse L. Differences in HIV risk behaviors among black and
white men who have sex with men. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2007; 34(10): 744-748.
Custer B, Murcia K, Robinson WT, McFarland W, Raymond H. Blood donation history and eligibility
assessment in a community-based sample of men who have sex with men. Transfusion. 2018; 58: 969973.
Custer B, Quiner C, Haaland R, Martin A, Stone M, Reik R, Steele WR, Kessler D, Williamson PC, Anderson
SA, Williams AE, Raymond HF, McFarland W, Robinson WT, Glick, Sey E, Melton CD, Glynn SA, Stramer
SL, Busch MP; for the Transfusion-Transmissible Infections Monitoring System. HIV antiretroviral therapy
and prevention use in US blood donors: a new blood safety concern. Blood. 2020;136(11):1351–1358.
Das M, Raymond HF, Chu P, Nieves-Rivera I, Pandori M, Louie B, Rauch L, Scheer S, Vittinghoff E,
McFarland W. Measuring the unknown: Calculating community viral load among HIV-Infected MSM
unaware of their HIV status in San Francisco from National HIV Behavioral Surveillance 2004-2011.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2013; 63(2): 84-86.
Das S, Medina R, Nicolosi E, Agopian A, Kuo I, Opoku J, Allston A, Kharfen M. Ending the HIV epidemic
using National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS): Recommendations based on DC model. PLoS One.
2021;16(7):e0253594.
Denson DJ, Padgett PM, Pitts N, Paz-Bailey G, Bingham T, Carlos JA, McCann P, Prachand N, Risser J,
Finlayson T. Health Care Use and HIV-Related Behaviors of Black and Latina Transgender Women in 3 US
Metropolitan Areas: Results from the Transgender HIV Behavioral Survey. Journal of Acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndrome. 2017; 75: 268-275.
DeYoung KH, Al-Tayyib A, Thrun M. Evaluation of the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System
among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Denver, Colorado. Journal of Community Health. 2015; 40(2):
291-300.
Diepstra KL, Cunningham T, Rhodes AG, Yerkes LE, Buyu CA. Prevalence and Predictors of ProviderInitiated HIV Test Offers Among Hetereosexual Persons at Increased Risk for Acquiring HIV Infection -Virginia, 2016. MMWR. 2018; 67: 714-717.

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Earlywine JJ, Bazzi AR, Biello KB, Klevens RM. High Prevalence of Indications for Pre-exposure
Prophylaxis Among People Who Inject Drugs in Boston, Massachusetts. Am J Prev Med. 2021;60(3):369378.
Facente SN, Grebe E, Burk K, Morris MD, Murphy EL, Mirzazadeh A, Smith AA, Sanchez MA, Evans JL,
Nishimura A, Raymond HF. Estimated hepatitis C prevalence and key population sizes in San Francisco: A
foundation for elimination. PLoS One. 2018; 13(4):e0195575.
Facente SN, Patel S, Hecht J, Wilson E, McFarland W, Page K, Vickerman P, Fraser H, Burk K, Morris MD.
Hepatitis C care cascades for three populations at high risk: low-income trans women, young people
who inject drugs, and men who have sex with men and inject drug. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73(6):e1290e1295.
Fallon SA, Park JN, Powell Ogbue C, Flynn C, German D. Awareness and Acceptability of Pre-exposure
HIV Prophylaxis Among Men Who have Sex with Men in Baltimore. AIDS and Behavior. 2017; 21(5):
1268-1277.
Fisher K, Barak N, Brown MC, Robinson WT. Monitoring risk among injection drug users in New Orleans
– Findings from New Orleans NHBS 2005-2012. Online Journal of Public Health Informatics. 2014; 6(1):
52.
Fisher KA, Cahill LM, Broyles S, Rorke M, Robinson WT. Knowledge of Hepatitis C status moderates the
relationship between history of drug treatment and sterile syringe use. PLoS One. 2018; 13(4):e0196157.
Fisher KA, Phillippi S, Robinson WT. Resilience, Distress and Dependence Influence Injection Related Risk
among People Who Inject Drugs. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-018-9955-z
Fitch C, Foley J, Klevens M, Cermeño JN, Batchelder A, Mayer K, O'Cleirigh C. Structural Issues Associated
with Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use in Men Who Have Sex with Men. Int J Behav Med. 2021;28(6):759767.
Forrest DW, Cardenas G, Dodson CS, Metsch LR, LaLota M, Spencer E. Trends in the HIV epidemic among
men who have sex with men in Miami-Dade County, Florida, 2004-2014. Florida Public Health Review.
2018; 15: 41-48.
Forrest DW, Cardenas GA, Metsch LR, Lalota M. Sexual Risk, Substance Use and Undiagnosed
Seropositivity among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Women in Miami, Florida. Florida Public Health
Review. 2015; 12: 1-12.
Forrest DW, Metsch LR, LaLota M, Cardenas G, Beck DW, Jeanty Y. Crystal methamphetamine use and
sexual risk behaviors among HIV-positive and HIV-negative men who have sex with men in South Florida.
Journal of Urban Health. 2010; 87(3): 480-485.
Forrest DW, Page JB, Cardenas GA, Marquardt C, Morey R, Metsch LR, Feaster DJ, LaLota M. Heroin Use
and Sex: Some Patterns in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Florida Public Health Review. 2016; 13: 73-81.
Frasca K, Nassau T, McLaughlin C, Brady KA. Factors Associated with Recent HIV Testing among Men
Who Have Sex with Men in Philadelphia: a Cross-Sectional Analysis of the National Behavioral
Surveillance System Survey. AIDS Care. 2018: 1-8.
Fraser H, Vellozzi C, Hoerger TJ, Evans JL, Kral AH, Havens J, Young AM, Stone J, Handanagic S7, Hariri S,
Barbosa C, Hickman M, Leib A, Martin NK, Nerlander L, Raymond HF, Page K, Zibbell J, Ward JW,
Vickerman P. Scaling-up Hepatitis C Prevention and Treatment Interventions for Achieving Elimination in
the United States - a Rural and Urban Comparison. Am J Epidemiol. 2019;188(8):1539-1551.
Fuqua V, Scott H, Scheer S, Hecht J, Snowden JM, Raymond HF. Trends in the HIV Epidemic among
African American Men who have Sex with Men, San Francisco, 2004-2011. AIDS and Behavior. 2015;
19(12): 2311-2316.

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Gelpi-Acosta C, Hagan H, Jenness SM, Wendel T, Neaigus A. Sexual and injection-related risks in Puerto
Rican-born injection drug users living in New York City: A mixed-methods analysis. Harm Reduction
Journal. 2011; 8: 28.
Gelpí-Acosta C, Pouget ER, Reilly KH, Hagan H, Neaigus A, Wendel T, Marshall DM 4th. Time since
migration and HIV risk behaviors among Puerto Ricans who inject drugs in New York City. Substance Use
& Misuse. 2016; 51(7): 870-881.
German D, Linton S, Cassidy-Stewart H, Flynn C. Using Baltimore HIV behavioral surveillance data for
local HIV prevention planning. AIDS and Behavior. 2014; 18(S3): 359-369.
German D, Nguyen TQ, Ogbue CP, Flynn C. Condomless anal intercourse among males and females at
high risk for heterosexual HIV infection. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2015; 42(6): 317-323.
German D, Sifakis F, Maulsby C, Towe VL, Flynn CP, Latkin CA, Celentano DD, Hauck H, Holtgrave DR.
Persistently high prevalence and unrecognized HIV infection among men who have sex with men in
Baltimore: The BESURE study. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2011; 57(1): 77-87.
Gindi RM, Sifakis F, Sherman S G, Towe VL, Flynn C, Zenilman JM. The geography of heterosexual
partnerships in Baltimore city adults. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2011; 38(4): 260-266.
Green DC, Goldbach JT, Raymond HF. Age Cohort and Health Service Utilization Among Gay Men.
American Journal of Men's Health. 2018; 12(4): 1058-1067.
Guigayoma J, Chen YH, Snowden JM, Santos GM, Hecht J, Raymond HF. Self-Perceived Viral Load and
Sexual Risk Behavior Among Known HIV-Positive MSM in San Francisco, 2014. Journal of Acquired
Immune Deficiency Syndrome. 2017; 75(S3): 309-315.
Hagan H, Jenness SM, Wendel T, Murrill CR, Neaigus A, Gelpi-Acosta C. Herpes simplex virus type 2
associated with HIV infection among New York heterosexuals living in high-risk areas. International
Journal of STD & AIDS. 2010; 21(8): 580-583.
Hernandez C, Trujillo D, Turner CM, Sicro S, Meza J, Bella M, Daza E, Torres F, McFarland W, Wilson EC.
Reaching trans-women in San Francisco for efforts to eliminate hepatitis C. J Viral Hepat. 2021;28(9):
1325-1328.
Hernandez CJ, Trujillo D, Sicro S, Meza J, Bella M, Daza E, Torres F, McFarland W, Turner CM, Wilson EC.
High hepatitis C virus seropositivity, viremia, and associated risk factors among trans women living in
San Francisco, California. PLoS One. 2021;16(3):e0249219.
Holtgrave DR, Crosby R, Shouse RL. Correlates of unprotected anal sex with casual partners: A study of
gay men living in the southern United States. AIDS and Behavior. 2010; 10(5): 575-578.
Hood J, Buskin S, Glick S, Golden M, Banta-Green C, Dombrowski J. The changing burden of HIV
attributable to methamphetamine among men who have sex with men in King County, Washington.
AIDS Patient Care and STDs. 2018; 32(6): 223-233.
Hughes AJ, Chen YH, Scheer S, Raymond HF. A Novel Modeling Approach for Estimating Patterns of
Migration into and out of San Francisco by HIV Status and Race among Men Who Have Sex with Men.
Journal of Urban Health. 2017; 94(3): 350-363.
Jenness SM, Begier EM, Neaigus A, Murrill CS, Wendel T, Hagan H. Unprotected anal intercourse and
sexually transmitted diseases in high-risk heterosexual women. American Journal of Public Health. 2011;
101(4): 745-750.
Jenness SM, Hagan H, Liu KL, Wendel T, Murrill CS. Continuing HIV risk in New York City injection drug
users: The association of syringe source and syringe sharing. Substance Use & Misuse. 2011; 46(2): 192200.
Jenness SM, Kobrak P, Wendel T, Neaigus A, Murrill CS, Hagan H. Patterns of exchange sex and HIV
infection in high-risk heterosexual men and women. Journal of Urban Health. 2011; 88(2): 329-341.
Jenness SM, Murrill CS, Liu KL, Wendel T, Begier E, Hagan H. Missed opportunities for HIV testing among
high-risk heterosexuals. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2009; 36(11): 704-710.

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Jenness SM, Neaigus A, Hagan H, Murrill CS, Wendel T. Heterosexual HIV and sexual partnerships
between injection drug users and noninjection drug users. AIDS Patient Care and STDs. 2010; 24(3): 175181.
Jenness SM, Neaigus A, Hagan H, Wendel T, Gelpi-Acosta C, Murrill CS. Reconsidering the internet as an
HIV/STD risk for men who have sex with men. AIDS and Behavior. 2010; 14(6): 1353-1361.
Jenness SM, Neaigus A, Murrill CS, Gelpi-Acosta C, Wendel T, Hagan H. Recruitment-adjusted estimates
of HIV prevalence and risk among men who have sex with men: Effects of weighting venue-based
sampling data. Public Health Reports. 2011; 126(5): 635-642.
Jenness SM, Neaigus A, Murrill CS, Wendel T, Forgione L, Hagan H. Estimated HIV incidence among highrisk heterosexuals in New York City, 2007. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2011;
56(2): 193-197.
Jenness SM, Neaigus A, Wendel T, Gelpi-Acosta C, Hagan H. Spatial Recruitment Bias in RespondentDriven Sampling: Implications for HIV Prevalence Estimation in Urban Heterosexuals. AIDS and Behavior.
2014; 18(12): 2366-73.
Jin H, Huriaux E, Loughran E, Packer T, Raymond HF. Differences in HIV risk behaviors among people who
inject drugs by gender and sexual orientation, San Francisco, 2012. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2014;
145: 180-184.
Johnston LG, Chen YH, Silva-Santisteban A, Raymond HF. An empirical examination of respondent driven
design effects from studies conducted around the world. AIDS and Behavior. 2013; 17(6): 2202-2210.
Johnston LG, Prybylski D, Raymond HF, Mirzazadeh A, Manopaiboon C, McFarland W. Incorporating the
multiplier method to estimate the size of hidden populations into respondent driven sampling surveys:
Case studies from around the world. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2013; 40(4): 304-310.
Katz KA, Raymond HF, Bernstein KT, Klausner JD. Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding syphilis
screening among men who have sex with men in San Francisco, 2008. Sexually Transmitted Diseases.
2013; 40(4): 318-322.
Kellogg TA, Bernstein K, Hecht J, Connors A, Perlhof L, Ick TO, Le B, Mehrtens J, Rive Jr J, McFarland W,
Raymond HF. Comparison of HIV behavioral indicators among men who have sex with men across two
survey methodologies, San Francisco, 2004 and 2008. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 2013; 40(9): 689694.
Khan B, Duncan I, Saad M, Schaefer D, Jordan A, Smith D, Neaigus A, Des Jarlais D, Hagan H, Dombrowski
K. Combination interventions for Hepatitis C and cirrhosis reduction among people who inject drugs: An
agent-based, networked population simulation experiment. PLoS One. 2018; 13(11): e0206356.
Kim MM, Conyngham SC, Smith C, Higgins D, Nassau T, Terrell C, Brady KA. Understanding the
Intersection of Behavioral Risk and Social Determinants of Health and the Impact on an Outbreak of
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Among Persons Who Inject Drugs in Philadelphia. J Infect Dis.
2020;222(Supplement_5):S250-S258.
Kim N, Welty S, Reza T, Sears D, McFarland W, Raymond HF. Undiagnosed and Untreated HIV Infection
Among Persons Who Inject Drugs: Results of Three National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Surveys, San
Francisco, 2009-2015. AIDS Behav. 2019;23(6):1586-1589.
Kim NJ, Jin H, McFarland W, Raymond HF. Trends in sources and sharing of needles among people who
inject drugs, San Francisco, 2005-2012. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2015; 26(12): 1238-1243.
Klevens RM, Martin BM, Doherty R, Fukuda HD, Cranston K, DeMaria A Jr. Factors Associated with Preexposure Prophylaxis in a Highly Insured Population of Urban Men Who Have Sex With Men, 2014. AIDS
and Behavior. 2018; 22(4): 1201-1208.
Koblin BA, Murrill C, Camacho M, Xu G, Liu K L, Raj-Singh S, Torian L. Amphetamine use and sexual risk
among men who have sex with men: Results from the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance study--New
York City. Substance Use & Misuse. 2007; 42(10): 1613-1628.

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Kral AH, Malekinejad M, Vaudrey J, Martinez AN, Lorvick J, McFarland W, Raymond HF. Comparing
respondent-driven sampling and targeted sampling methods of recruiting injection drug users in San
Francisco. Journal of Urban Health. 2010; 87(5): 839-850.
Kuo I, Greenberg AE, Magnus M, Phillips G 2nd, Rawls A, Peterson J, Hamilton F, West-Ojo T, Hader S.
High prevalence of substance use among Heterosexuals living in communities with high rates of AIDS
and poverty in Washington, DC. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2011; 117(3): 139-144.
Kuo I, Magnus M, Phillips 2nd G, Castel A, Opoku J, Peterson J, Jia Y, West T, Greenberg AE. HIV testing
among heterosexuals at elevated risk for HIV in the District of Columbia: has anything changed over
time?. AIDS and Behavior. 2014; 18(S3): 333-339.
Kuo I, Olsen H, Patrick R, Phillips G 2nd, Magnus M, Opoku J, Rawls A, Peterson J, Hamilton F, Kharfen M,
Greenberg A. Willingness to use HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis among community-recruited, older
people who inject drugs in Washington, DC. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2016; 164: 8-13.
LaLota M, Beck DW, Metsch LR, Brewer TH, Forrest DW, Cardenas GA, Liberti TM. HIV seropositivity and
correlates of infection among heterosexually active adults in high-risk areas in South Florida. AIDS and
Behavior. 2011; 15(6): 1259-1263.
Lama TT, Sudhinaraset M, McFarland W, Raymond HF. Migration and HIV risk among Men who have Sex
with Men, San Francisco, 2011. AIDS Education and Prevention. 2015; 27(6): 538-546.
Lee JJ, Katz DA, Glick SN, Moreno C, Kerani RP. Immigrant Status and Sexual Orientation Disclosure:
Implications for HIV/STD Prevention Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Seattle, Washington. AIDS
Behav. 2020;24(10):2819-2828.
Leung N, Padgett P, Robinson A, Brown E. Prevalence and behavioral risk factors of Staphylococcus
aureus nasal colonization among community- based injection drug users. Epidemiology & Infection.
2015; 143(11): 2430-2439.
Leung SY J, Sinclair AH, Battles HB, Swain CA, French PT, Anderson BJ, Sowizral MJ, Ruberto R, Brissette I,
Lillquist P, Smith LC. HIV test offers and acceptance: New York State findings from the behavioral risk
factor surveillance system and the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 2011-2012. Journal of Acquired
Immune Deficiency Syndrome. 2015; 68(S1): 37-41.
Levine H, Bartholomew TS, Rea-Wilson V, Onugha J, Arriola DJ, Cardenas G, Forrest DW, Kral AH, Metsch
LR, Spencer E, Tookes H. Syringe disposal among people who inject drugs before and after the
implementation of a syringe services program. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019; 202:13-17.
Levy ME, Patrick R, Gamble J, Rawls A, Opoku J, Magnus M, Kharfen M, Greenberg AE, Kuo I. Willinness
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